WO2022045402A1

WO2022045402A1 - Method and device for terminal and base station transmitting/receiving signal in wireless communication system

Info

Publication number: WO2022045402A1
Application number: PCT/KR2020/011529
Authority: WO
Inventors: 김수남; 김민석; 박성호
Original assignee: 엘지전자 주식회사
Priority date: 2020-08-28
Filing date: 2020-08-28
Publication date: 2022-03-03
Also published as: KR20230058046A; US20230353205A1

Abstract

The present disclosure may provide a method for a terminal transmitting a signal in a wireless communication system. Here, the method for a terminal transmitting a signal may comprise the steps of: mapping data to a symbol having a first phase value; determining a beam direction for the data, wherein a terminal comprises an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements, wherein respective phase values for each of the plurality of antenna elements are determined on the basis of the determined beam direction, and respective antenna element indication values corresponding to each of the plurality of antenna elements are determined on the basis of the respective phase values for each of the plurality of antenna elements; generating a beam for transmission of the data, on the basis of the respective antenna element indication values; and transmitting the data through the generated beam.

Description

Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals of a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system

The following description relates to a wireless communication system, and relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system.

In particular, it is possible to provide a method for transmitting a signal through a transmitter operating based on a 1-bit antenna controller in a terminal and a base station.

Wireless access systems are being widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. In general, a wireless access system is a multiple access system that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of the multiple access system include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) system. division multiple access) systems.

In particular, as many communication devices require a large communication capacity, an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology has been proposed compared to the existing radio access technology (RAT). In addition, a communication system considering reliability and latency sensitive service/UE as well as Massive Machine Type Communications (MTC) that provides various services anytime, anywhere by connecting a plurality of devices and things has been proposed. For this purpose, various technical configurations have been proposed.

The present disclosure may provide a method for a terminal and a base station to transmit and receive signals in a wireless communication system. In this case, it is possible to provide a method for the terminal and the base station to transmit a signal using a 1-bit antenna controller.

The technical objects to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the above, and other technical problems not mentioned are common knowledge in the technical field to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the embodiments of the present disclosure to be described below. can be considered by those with

The present disclosure may provide a method for a terminal to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system. In this case, the method for the terminal to transmit a signal includes mapping data to a symbol having a first phase value and determining a beam direction for the data, wherein the terminal includes an antenna array composed of a plurality of antenna elements, and , A phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements is determined based on the determined beam direction, and each antenna element indication value corresponding to each of the plurality of antenna elements is based on a phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements It may include the step of determining, generating a beam for the data transmission based on the respective antenna element indication values, and transmitting the data through the generated beam.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a terminal operating in a wireless communication system. In this case, the terminal may include at least one transmitter, at least one receiver, and at least one processor. Here, at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform a specific operation, wherein the specific operation comprises: data is mapped to a symbol having a first phase value, and a beam direction for the data is determined, wherein the terminal includes an antenna array composed of a plurality of antenna elements, and each of the plurality of antenna elements based on the determined beam direction A phase value is determined, and each antenna element indication value corresponding to each of the plurality of antenna elements is determined based on a phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements, and based on the respective antenna element indication values A beam for the data transmission may be generated, and the data may be transmitted through the generated beam.

Also, as an example of the present disclosure, the terminal communicates with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network, and an autonomous vehicle other than a vehicle in which the terminal is included.

In addition, the following matters may be commonly applied to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal of a terminal and a base station to which the present disclosure is applied.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, when generating a beam for the data transmission based on the respective antenna element indication values, the baseband signal processing unit of the terminal includes the first phase value for the data and the determined Based on the phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements, the respective antenna element indication values are indicated to the beam generator of the terminal, and the frequency synthesizer of the terminal generates a local frequency and uses the AMP (amplifier) to generate the beam generator. to apply the generated local frequency, the beam generator radiates a signal through each antenna element controlled based on the respective antenna element indication value, and the applied local frequency is reflected in the radiated signal A beam for the data may be generated.

Also, as an example of the present disclosure, the first phase value may be determined based on phase shift keying (PSK).

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, when the phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements is determined based on the determined beam direction, the phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements is the position of the antenna element in the antenna array. It may be determined based on a phase value according to , and a phase value according to a fitting line in the antenna array.

Also, as an example of the present disclosure, each antenna element indication value may be 1 bit.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, when the respective antenna element indication value is a value indicating whether the respective antenna element emits a signal, and the first antenna element indication value corresponding to the first antenna element is the first value , a first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value radiates a signal with a second phase value, and when the first antenna element indication value is a second value, a first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value 1 Antenna elements may not radiate signals.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, a third phase value is derived based on the phase value for the first antenna element and the first phase value based on the determined beam direction, and the derived third phase value and When the second phase value is within a threshold value, the first antenna element indication value is set to the first value, and the first antenna element can radiate the signal based on the second phase value. there is.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, when the derived third phase value and the second phase value are other than a threshold value, the first antenna element indication value is set to the second value, and the first The antenna element may not radiate the signal.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, when the respective antenna element indication value is a value indicating the phase level of each antenna element, and the first antenna element indication value corresponding to the first antenna element is the first value, A first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value radiates a signal with a second phase value, and when the first antenna element indication value is a second value, the second antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value One antenna element may radiate a signal with a third phase value.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, a fourth phase value is derived based on the first phase value and the phase value for the first antenna element based on the determined beam direction, and the derived fourth phase value is The second phase value and the third phase value may be compared.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, when the fourth phase value is closer to the second phase value than the third phase value, the first antenna element may radiate the signal based on the second phase value. there is.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, when the fourth phase value is closer to the third phase value than the second phase value, the first antenna element may radiate the signal based on the third phase value. there is.

Aspects of the present disclosure described above are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and various embodiments in which the technical features of the present disclosure are reflected are detailed descriptions of the present disclosure that will be described below by those of ordinary skill in the art. It can be derived and understood based on the description.

The following effects may be obtained by the embodiments based on the present disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a method for transmitting a signal through a transmitter operating based on a 1-bit antenna controller in a terminal and a base station.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a method of determining a signal radiation pattern based on a 1-bit antenna controller corresponding to each antenna element.

According to the present disclosure, each antenna element may turn on/off signal radiation based on a 1-bit antenna controller, and a method for determining a signal radiation pattern based thereon may be provided.

According to the present disclosure, each antenna element may set the signal radiation to a two-level phase value based on a 1-bit antenna controller, and a method for determining a signal radiation pattern based thereon may be provided.

Effects that can be obtained in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned are the technical fields to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure below. It can be clearly derived and understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. That is, unintended effects of implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure may also be derived by those of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

The accompanying drawings below are provided to help understanding of the present disclosure, and together with the detailed description, may provide embodiments of the present disclosure. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to constitute a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing may refer to structural elements.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure.

5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.

6 is a view showing an example of a movable body applicable to the present disclosure.

7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an XR device applicable to the present disclosure.

8 is a view showing an example of a robot applicable to the present disclosure.

9 is a diagram illustrating an example of AI (Artificial Intelligence) applicable to the present disclosure.

10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applicable to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using the same.

11 is a diagram illustrating a control plane and a user plane structure of a radio interface protocol applicable to the present disclosure.

12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applicable to the present disclosure.

13 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.

14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.

15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

16 is a diagram illustrating an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.

17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

19 is a diagram illustrating a method for generating a THz signal applicable to the present disclosure.

20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

21 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure.

22 is a diagram illustrating a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.

23 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure.

24 is a diagram illustrating a method of replacing each phase shifter applicable to the present disclosure with a 1-bit controller.

25 is a diagram illustrating an impedance change based on on/off of a pin diode applicable to the present disclosure.

26 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter in a method of directly inputting a band frequency applicable to the present disclosure.

27 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter in a manner of indirectly inputting a band frequency applicable to the present disclosure.

28 is a diagram illustrating a beam generator based on a direct insertion method applicable to the present disclosure.

29 is a diagram illustrating a beam generator based on an indirect insertion method applicable to the present disclosure.

30 is a view showing a beam direction applicable to the present disclosure.

31 is a diagram illustrating a signal emission determination method applicable to the present disclosure.

32 is a diagram illustrating a beam gain for each constellation applicable to the present disclosure.

33 is a diagram illustrating a 1-bit antenna control pattern applicable to the present disclosure.

34 is a diagram illustrating a flowchart of a signal transmission method of a terminal applicable to the present disclosure.

The following embodiments combine elements and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form that is not combined with other components or features. In addition, some components and/or features may be combined to configure an embodiment of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some configurations or features of one embodiment may be included in other embodiments, or may be replaced with corresponding configurations or features of other embodiments.

In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that may obscure the gist of the present disclosure are not described, and procedures or steps that can be understood at the level of a person skilled in the art are also not described.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "comprising or including" a certain component, it does not exclude other components unless otherwise stated, meaning that other components may be further included. do. In addition, terms such as "...unit", "...group", and "module" described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which is hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software. can be implemented as Also, "a or an", "one", "the" and like related terms are used differently herein in the context of describing the present disclosure (especially in the context of the following claims). Unless indicated or clearly contradicted by context, it may be used in a sense including both the singular and the plural.

In the present specification, embodiments of the present disclosure have been described focusing on a data transmission/reception relationship between a base station and a mobile station. Here, the base station has a meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with the mobile station. A specific operation described as being performed by the base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.

That is, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station in a network including a plurality of network nodes including the base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. In this case, the 'base station' is a term such as a fixed station, a Node B, an eNB (eNode B), a gNB (gNode B), an ng-eNB, an advanced base station (ABS) or an access point (access point). can be replaced by

In addition, in embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal includes a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), It may be replaced by terms such as a mobile terminal or an advanced mobile station (AMS).

In addition, a transmitting end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that provides a data service or a voice service, and a receiving end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that receives a data service or a voice service. Accordingly, in the case of uplink, the mobile station may be a transmitting end, and the base station may be a receiving end. Similarly, in the case of downlink, the mobile station may be the receiving end, and the base station may be the transmitting end.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are wireless access systems IEEE 802.xx system, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, 3GPP 5G (5th generation) NR (New Radio) system, and 3GPP2 system among It may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one, and in particular, embodiments of the present disclosure are supported by 3GPP TS (technical specification) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents. can be

Also, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems, and are not limited to the above-described system. As an example, it may be applicable to a system applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system, and is not limited to a specific system.

That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be described with reference to the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document may be described by the standard document.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the appended drawings is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the technical constructions of the present disclosure may be practiced.

In addition, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to help the understanding of the present disclosure, and the use of these specific terms may be changed to other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

The following technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. It can be applied to various wireless access systems.

In the following, in order to clarify the following description, it is described based on a 3GPP communication system (eg (eg, LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited thereto. LTE is 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 or later Specifically, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 may be referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may mean technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. 3GPP 6G may mean technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18. "xxx" means standard document detail number LTE/NR/6G may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.

For backgrounds, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published before the present invention. As an example, reference may be made to the 36.xxx and 38.xxx standard documents.

본 개시에 적용 가능한 통신 시스템Communication system applicable to the present disclosure

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connection (eg, 5G) between devices. there is.

Hereinafter, it will be exemplified in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise indicated.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1 , a communication system 100 applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (eg, 5G NR, LTE), and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot 100a, a vehicle 100b-1, 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, and a home appliance. appliance) 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device/server 100g. For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, and the like. Here, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (eg, a drone). The XR device 100c includes augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devices, and includes a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, It may be implemented in the form of a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like. The portable device 100d may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, smart watch, smart glasses), and a computer (eg, a laptop computer). The home appliance 100e may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, and the like. The IoT device 100f may include a sensor, a smart meter, and the like. For example, the base station 120 and the network 130 may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device 120a may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 130 through the base station 120 . AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f , and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 100g through the network 130 . The network 130 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (eg, LTE) network, or a 5G (eg, NR) network. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the base station 120/network 130, but communicate directly without going through the base station 120/network 130 (eg, sidelink communication) You may. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (eg, vehicle to vehicle (V2V)/vehicle to everything (V2X) communication). Also, the IoT device 100f (eg, a sensor) may communicate directly with another IoT device (eg, a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

Wireless communication/

connection

150a, 150b, and 150c may be performed between the wireless devices 100a to 100f/base station 120 and the base station 120/base station 120 . Here, wireless communication/connection includes uplink/downlink communication 150a and sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations 150c (eg, relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). This may be achieved through radio access technology (eg, 5G NR). Through the wireless communication/

connection

150a, 150b, and 150c, the wireless device and the base station/wireless device, and the base station and the base station may transmit/receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication/

connection

150a , 150b , 150c may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, various configuration information setting processes for transmission/reception of wireless signals, various signal processing processes (eg, channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.) , at least a part of a resource allocation process may be performed.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a first wireless device 200a and a second wireless device 200b may transmit/receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (eg, LTE, NR). Here, {first wireless device 200a, second wireless device 200b} is {wireless device 100x, base station 120} of FIG. 1 and/or {wireless device 100x, wireless device 100x) } can be matched.

The first wireless device 200a includes one or more processors 202a and one or more memories 204a, and may further include one or more transceivers 206a and/or one or more antennas 208a. The processor 202a controls the memory 204a and/or the transceiver 206a and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202a may process information in the memory 204a to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 206a. In addition, the processor 202a may receive the radio signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 206a, and then store the information obtained from the signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 204a. The memory 204a may be connected to the processor 202a and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202a. For example, the memory 204a may provide instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202a, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. may store software code including Here, the processor 202a and the memory 204a may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206a may be coupled to the processor 202a and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208a. The transceiver 206a may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206a may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200b includes one or more processors 202b, one or more memories 204b, and may further include one or more transceivers 206b and/or one or more antennas 208b. The processor 202b controls the memory 204b and/or the transceiver 206b and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202b may process information in the memory 204b to generate third information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206b. In addition, the processor 202b may receive the radio signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206b, and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204b. The memory 204b may be connected to the processor 202b and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202b. For example, the memory 204b may provide instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202b, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. may store software code including Here, the processor 202b and the memory 204b may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206b may be coupled to the processor 202b and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208b. Transceiver 206b may include a transmitter and/or receiver. Transceiver 206b may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the

wireless devices

200a and 200b will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or

more processors

202a, 202b. For example, one or

more processors

202a, 202b may include one or more layers (eg, PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource) control) and a functional layer such as service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). The one or

more processors

202a, 202b may be configured to process one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. can create The one or

more processors

202a, 202b may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and/or flow charts disclosed herein. The one or

more processors

202a, 202b generate a signal (eg, a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein. , may be provided to one or

more transceivers

206a and 206b. One or

more processors

202a, 202b may receive signals (eg, baseband signals) from one or

more transceivers

206a, 206b, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flowcharts of operation disclosed herein. PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information may be acquired according to the fields.

One or

more processors

202a, 202b may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or

more processors

202a, 202b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or

more processors

202a, 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed in this document may contain firmware or software configured to perform one or

more processors

202a, 202b, or stored in one or

more memories

204a, 204b. It may be driven by the

above processors

202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and/or a set of instructions.

One or

more memories

204a, 204b may be coupled to one or

more processors

202a, 202b and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or instructions. One or

more memories

204a, 204b may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media and/or It may be composed of a combination of these. One or

more memories

204a, 204b may be located inside and/or external to one or

more processors

202a, 202b. Additionally, one or

more memories

204a, 204b may be coupled to one or

more processors

202a, 202b through various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

The one or

more transceivers

206a, 206b may transmit user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document to one or more other devices. The one or

more transceivers

206a, 206b may receive, from one or more other devices, user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein, and the like. there is. For example, one or

more transceivers

206a , 206b may be coupled to one or

more processors

202a , 202b and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or

more processors

202a, 202b may control one or

more transceivers

206a, 206b to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or

more processors

202a, 202b may control one or

more transceivers

206a, 206b to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Further, one or

more transceivers

206a, 206b may be coupled with one or

more antennas

208a, 208b, and the one or

more transceivers

206a, 206b may be connected via one or

more antennas

208a, 208b. , may be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. mentioned in procedures, proposals, methods and/or operation flowcharts. In this document, one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (eg, antenna ports). The one or

more transceivers

206a, 206b converts the received radio signal/channel, etc. from the RF band signal to process the received user data, control information, radio signal/channel, etc. using the one or

more processors

202a, 202b. It can be converted into a baseband signal. One or

more transceivers

206a, 206b may convert user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. processed using one or

more processors

202a, 202b from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or

more transceivers

206a, 206b may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

본 개시에 적용 가능한 무선 기기 구조Wireless device structure applicable to the present disclosure

3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3 , a wireless device 300 corresponds to the

wireless devices

200a and 200b of FIG. 2 , and includes various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. ) can be composed of For example, the wireless device 300 may include a communication unit 310 , a control unit 320 , a memory unit 330 , and an additional element 340 . The communication unit may include communication circuitry 312 and transceiver(s) 314 . For example, communication circuitry 312 may include one or

more processors

202a, 202b and/or one or

more memories

204a, 204b of FIG. 2 . For example, the transceiver(s) 314 may include one or

more transceivers

206a , 206b and/or one or

more antennas

208a , 208b of FIG. 2 . The control unit 320 is electrically connected to the communication unit 310 , the memory unit 330 , and the additional element 340 and controls general operations of the wireless device. For example, the controller 320 may control the electrical/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program/code/command/information stored in the memory unit 330 . In addition, the control unit 320 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310 through a wireless/wired interface, or externally (eg, through the communication unit 310) Information received through a wireless/wired interface from another communication device) may be stored in the memory unit 330 .

The additional element 340 may be configured in various ways according to the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element 340 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device 300 may include a robot ( FIGS. 1 and 100a ), a vehicle ( FIGS. 1 , 100b-1 , 100b-2 ), an XR device ( FIGS. 1 and 100c ), and a mobile device ( FIGS. 1 and 100d ). ), home appliances (FIG. 1, 100e), IoT device (FIG. 1, 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, hologram device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, fintech device (or financial device), security device, climate/ It may be implemented in the form of an environmental device, an AI server/device ( FIGS. 1 and 140 ), a base station ( FIGS. 1 and 120 ), and a network node. The wireless device may be mobile or used in a fixed location depending on the use-example/service.

In FIG. 3 , various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules in the wireless device 300 may be all interconnected through a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 310 . For example, in the wireless device 300 , the control unit 320 and the communication unit 310 are connected by wire, and the control unit 320 and the first unit (eg, 130 , 140 ) are connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310 . can be connected In addition, each element, component, unit/unit, and/or module within the wireless device 300 may further include one or more elements. For example, the controller 320 may include one or more processor sets. For example, the controller 320 may include a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphic processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like. As another example, the memory unit 330 may include RAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof. can be configured.

본 개시가 적용 가능한 휴대 기기Mobile device to which the present disclosure is applicable

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobile device applied to the present disclosure.

4 illustrates a portable device applied to the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, a smart watch, smart glasses), and a portable computer (eg, a laptop computer). The mobile device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 4 , the mobile device 400 includes an antenna unit 408 , a communication unit 410 , a control unit 420 , a memory unit 430 , a power supply unit 440a , an interface unit 440b , and an input/output unit 440c . ) may be included. The antenna unit 408 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 410 . Blocks 410 to 430/440a to 440c respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 410 may transmit and receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The controller 420 may control components of the portable device 400 to perform various operations. The controller 420 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 430 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the portable device 400 . Also, the memory unit 430 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 440a supplies power to the portable device 400 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The interface unit 440b may support a connection between the portable device 400 and other external devices. The interface unit 440b may include various ports (eg, an audio input/output port and a video input/output port) for connection with an external device. The input/output unit 440c may receive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit 440c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 440d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit 440c obtains information/signals (eg, touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the obtained information/signals are stored in the memory unit 430 . can be saved. The communication unit 410 may convert the information/signal stored in the memory into a wireless signal, and transmit the converted wireless signal directly to another wireless device or to a base station. Also, after receiving a radio signal from another radio device or base station, the communication unit 410 may restore the received radio signal to original information/signal. The restored information/signal may be stored in the memory unit 430 and output in various forms (eg, text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit 440c.

본 개시가 적용 가능한 무선 기기 종류Types of wireless devices to which the present disclosure is applicable

5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure.

5 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, and the like, but is not limited to the shape of the vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 500 includes an antenna unit 508 , a communication unit 510 , a control unit 520 , a driving unit 540a , a power supply unit 540b , a sensor unit 540c and autonomous driving. A unit 540d may be included. The antenna unit 550 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 510 . Blocks 510/530/540a to 540d respectively correspond to blocks 410/430/440 of FIG. 4 .

The communication unit 510 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (eg, base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The controller 520 may control elements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 to perform various operations. The controller 520 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 540a may cause the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 to run on the ground. The driving unit 540a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, and the like. The power supply unit 540b supplies power to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 , and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The sensor unit 540c may obtain vehicle state, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 540c includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, and a vehicle forward movement. / may include a reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, and the like. The autonomous driving unit 540d includes a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a predetermined route, and a technology for automatically setting a route when a destination is set. technology can be implemented.

For example, the communication unit 510 may receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 540d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The controller 520 may control the driving unit 540a to move the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 along the autonomous driving path (eg, speed/direction adjustment) according to the driving plan. During autonomous driving, the communication unit 510 may obtain the latest traffic information data from an external server non/periodically, and may acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Also, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 540c may acquire vehicle state and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 540d may update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the newly acquired data/information. The communication unit 510 may transmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous driving route, a driving plan, and the like to an external server. The external server may predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or the like based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicles, and may provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicles.

6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a movable body applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 6 , the moving object applied to the present disclosure may be implemented as at least any one of means of transport, train, aircraft, and ship. In addition, the movable body applied to the present disclosure may be implemented in other forms, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

At this time, referring to FIG. 6 , the mobile unit 600 may include a communication unit 610 , a control unit 620 , a memory unit 630 , an input/output unit 640a , and a position measurement unit 640b . Here, blocks 610 to 630/640a to 640b correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 610 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other mobile devices or external devices such as a base station. The controller 620 may perform various operations by controlling the components of the movable body 600 . The memory unit 630 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the mobile unit 600 . The input/output unit 640a may output an AR/VR object based on information in the memory unit 630 . The input/output unit 640a may include a HUD. The position measuring unit 640b may acquire position information of the moving object 600 . The location information may include absolute location information of the moving object 600 , location information within a driving line, acceleration information, and location information with a surrounding vehicle. The position measuring unit 640b may include a GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 610 of the mobile unit 600 may receive map information, traffic information, and the like from an external server and store it in the memory unit 630 . The position measurement unit 640b may obtain information about the location of the moving object through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit 630 . The controller 620 may generate a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, and location information of a moving object, and the input/output unit 640a may display the generated virtual object on a window inside the moving object (651, 652). Also, the control unit 620 may determine whether the moving object 600 is normally operating within the driving line based on the moving object location information. When the moving object 600 abnormally deviates from the travel line, the control unit 620 may display a warning on the glass window of the moving object through the input/output unit 640a. Also, the control unit 620 may broadcast a warning message regarding the driving abnormality to surrounding moving objects through the communication unit 610 . Depending on the situation, the control unit 620 may transmit the location information of the moving object and information on the driving/moving object abnormality to the related organization through the communication unit 610 .

7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an XR device applied to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 7 , the XR device 700a may include a communication unit 710 , a control unit 720 , a memory unit 730 , an input/output unit 740a , a sensor unit 740b , and a power supply unit 740c . . Here, blocks 710 to 730/740a to 740c may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 710 may transmit/receive signals (eg, media data, control signals, etc.) to/from external devices such as other wireless devices, portable devices, or media servers. Media data may include images, images, and sounds. The controller 720 may perform various operations by controlling the components of the XR device 700a. For example, the controller 720 may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 730 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the XR device 700a/creating an XR object.

The input/output unit 740a may obtain control information, data, etc. from the outside, and may output the generated XR object. The input/output unit 740a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit 740b may obtain an XR device state, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 740b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, a red green blue (RGB) sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone and / or radar or the like. The power supply unit 740c supplies power to the XR device 700a, and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

For example, the memory unit 730 of the XR device 700a may include information (eg, data, etc.) necessary for generating an XR object (eg, AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 740a may obtain a command to operate the XR device 700a from the user, and the controller 720 may drive the XR device 700a according to the user's driving command. For example, when the user intends to watch a movie or news through the XR device 700a, the controller 720 transmits the content request information through the communication unit 730 to another device (eg, the mobile device 700b) or can be sent to the media server. The communication unit 730 may download/stream contents such as movies and news from another device (eg, the portable device 700b) or a media server to the memory unit 730 . The controller 720 controls and/or performs procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation/processing for the content, and is acquired through the input/output unit 740a/sensor unit 740b It is possible to generate/output an XR object based on information about one surrounding space or a real object.

Also, the XR device 700a is wirelessly connected to the portable device 700b through the communication unit 710 , and the operation of the XR device 700a may be controlled by the portable device 700b. For example, the portable device 700b may operate as a controller for the XR device 700a. To this end, the XR device 700a may obtain 3D location information of the portable device 700b, and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the portable device 700b.

8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a robot applied to the present disclosure. For example, the robot may be classified into industrial, medical, home, military, etc. according to the purpose or field of use. In this case, referring to FIG. 8 , the robot 800 may include a communication unit 810 , a control unit 820 , a memory unit 830 , an input/output unit 840a , a sensor unit 840b , and a driving unit 840c . . Here, blocks 810 to 830/840a to 840c may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 810 may transmit and receive signals (eg, driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The controller 820 may control components of the robot 800 to perform various operations. The memory unit 830 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the robot 800 . The input/output unit 840a may obtain information from the outside of the robot 800 and may output information to the outside of the robot 800 . The input/output unit 840a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

The sensor unit 840b may obtain internal information, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like of the robot 800 . The sensor unit 840b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a radar, and the like.

The driving unit 840c may perform various physical operations, such as moving a robot joint. Also, the driving unit 840c may cause the robot 800 to travel on the ground or to fly in the air. The driving unit 840c may include an actuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like.

9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI device applied to the present disclosure. For example, AI devices include TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc. It may be implemented as a device or a mobile device.

Referring to FIG. 9 , the AI device 900 includes a communication unit 910 , a control unit 920 , a memory unit 930 , input/output units 940a/940b , a learning processor unit 940c and a sensor unit 940d. may include Blocks 910 to 930/940a to 940d may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 910 uses wired/wireless communication technology to communicate with external devices such as other AI devices (eg, FIGS. 1, 100x, 120, 140) or an AI server ( FIGS. 1 and 140 ) and wired/wireless signals (eg, sensor information, user input, learning model, control signal, etc.). To this end, the communication unit 910 may transmit information in the memory unit 930 to an external device or transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit 930 .

The controller 920 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 900 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. In addition, the controller 920 may control the components of the AI device 900 to perform the determined operation. For example, the control unit 920 may request, search, receive, or utilize the data of the learning processor unit 940c or the memory unit 930, and may be a predicted operation among at least one executable operation or determined to be preferable. Components of the AI device 900 may be controlled to execute the operation. In addition, the control unit 920 collects history information including user feedback on the operation contents or operation of the AI device 900 and stores it in the memory unit 930 or the learning processor unit 940c, or the AI server ( 1 and 140), and the like may be transmitted to an external device. The collected historical information may be used to update the learning model.

The memory unit 930 may store data supporting various functions of the AI device 900 . For example, the memory unit 930 may store data obtained from the input unit 940a , data obtained from the communication unit 910 , output data of the learning processor unit 940c , and data obtained from the sensing unit 940 . Also, the memory unit 930 may store control information and/or software codes necessary for the operation/execution of the control unit 920 .

The input unit 940a may acquire various types of data from the outside of the AI device 900 . For example, the input unit 920 may obtain training data for model learning, input data to which the learning model is applied, and the like. The input unit 940a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 940b may generate an output related to sight, hearing, or touch. The output unit 940b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 940 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 900 , surrounding environment information of the AI device 900 , and user information by using various sensors. The sensing unit 940 may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. there is.

The learning processor unit 940c may train a model composed of an artificial neural network by using the training data. The learning processor unit 940c may perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server ( FIGS. 1 and 140 ). The learning processor unit 940c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or information stored in the memory unit 930 . Also, the output value of the learning processor unit 940c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or stored in the memory unit 930 .

물리 채널들 및 일반적인 신호 전송Physical channels and general signal transmission

In a radio access system, a terminal may receive information from a base station through downlink (DL) and transmit information to a base station through uplink (UL). Information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes general data information and various control information, and various physical channels exist according to the type/use of the information they transmit and receive.

10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applied to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using the same.

In a state in which the power is turned off, the power is turned on again, or a terminal newly entering a cell performs an initial cell search operation such as synchronizing with the base station in step S1011. To this end, the terminal receives a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the base station, synchronizes with the base station, and can obtain information such as cell ID. .

Thereafter, the terminal may receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal from the base station to obtain intra-cell broadcast information. Meanwhile, the UE may receive a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step to check the downlink channel state. After completing the initial cell search, the UE receives a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink control channel (PDSCH) according to physical downlink control channel information in step S1012 and receives a little more Specific system information can be obtained.

Thereafter, the terminal may perform a random access procedure, such as steps S1013 to S1016, to complete access to the base station. To this end, the UE transmits a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S1013), and RAR for the preamble through a physical downlink control channel and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel (S1013). random access response) may be received (S1014). The UE transmits a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information in the RAR (S1015), and a contention resolution procedure such as reception of a physical downlink control channel signal and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel signal. ) can be performed (S1016).

After performing the procedure as described above, the terminal receives a physical downlink control channel signal and/or a physical downlink shared channel signal (S1017) and a physical uplink shared channel as a general uplink/downlink signal transmission procedure thereafter. channel, PUSCH) signal and/or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal may be transmitted ( S1018 ).

Control information transmitted by the terminal to the base station is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI is HARQ-ACK / NACK (hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgment / negative-ACK), SR (scheduling request), CQI (channel quality indication), PMI (precoding matrix indication), RI (rank indication), BI (beam indication) ) information, etc. In this case, the UCI is generally transmitted periodically through the PUCCH, but may be transmitted through the PUSCH according to an embodiment (eg, when control information and traffic data are to be transmitted at the same time). In addition, according to a request/instruction of the network, the UE may aperiodically transmit the UCI through the PUSCH.

11 is a diagram illustrating a control plane and a user plane structure of a radio interface protocol applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11 , entity 1 may be a user equipment (UE). In this case, the term "terminal" may be at least one of a wireless device, a portable device, a vehicle, a mobile body, an XR device, a robot, and an AI to which the present disclosure is applied in FIGS. 1 to 9 described above. In addition, the terminal refers to a device to which the present disclosure can be applied and may not be limited to a specific device or device.

Entity 2 may be a base station. In this case, the base station may be at least one of an eNB, a gNB, and an ng-eNB. In addition, the base station may refer to an apparatus for transmitting a downlink signal to the terminal, and may not be limited to a specific type or apparatus. That is, the base station may be implemented in various forms or types, and may not be limited to a specific form.

Entity 3 may be a network device or a device performing a network function. In this case, the network device may be a core network node (eg, a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), etc.) that manages mobility. In addition, the network function may mean a function implemented to perform a network function, and entity 3 may be a device to which the function is applied. That is, the entity 3 may refer to a function or device that performs a network function, and is not limited to a specific type of device.

The control plane may refer to a path through which control messages used by a user equipment (UE) and a network to manage a call are transmitted. In addition, the user plane may mean a path through which data generated in the application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data, is transmitted. In this case, the physical layer, which is the first layer, may provide an information transfer service to a higher layer by using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper medium access control layer through a transport channel. In this case, data may be moved between the medium access control layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Data can be moved between the physical layers of the transmitting side and the receiving side through a physical channel. In this case, the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

A medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer provides a service to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is an upper layer, through a logical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer may support reliable data transmission. The function of the RLC layer may be implemented as a function block inside the MAC. The packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer may perform a header compression function that reduces unnecessary control information in order to efficiently transmit IP packets such as IPv4 or IPv6 in a narrow-bandwidth air interface. . A radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the bottom of the third layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer may be in charge of controlling logical channels, transport channels and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers (RBs). RB may mean a service provided by the second layer for data transfer between the terminal and the network. To this end, the UE and the RRC layer of the network may exchange RRC messages with each other. A non-access stratum (NAS) layer above the RRC layer may perform functions such as session management and mobility management. One cell constituting the base station may be set to one of various bandwidths to provide downlink or uplink transmission services to multiple terminals. Different cells may be configured to provide different bandwidths. The downlink transmission channel for transmitting data from the network to the terminal includes a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, a paging channel (PCH) for transmitting a paging message, and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. there is. In the case of a downlink multicast or broadcast service traffic or control message, it may be transmitted through a downlink SCH or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, as an uplink transmission channel for transmitting data from the terminal to the network, there are a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or a control message. A logical channel that is located above the transport channel and is mapped to the transport channel includes a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast (MTCH) channel. traffic channels), etc.

12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure. As an example, the transmission signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. In this case, the signal processing circuit 1200 may include a scrambler 1210 , a modulator 1220 , a layer mapper 1230 , a precoder 1240 , a resource mapper 1250 , and a signal generator 1260 . In this case, as an example, the operation/function of FIG. 12 may be performed by the

processors

202a and 202b and/or the

transceivers

206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . Also, as an example, the hardware elements of FIG. 12 may be implemented in the

processors

202a and 202b and/or the

transceivers

206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . As an example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the

processors

202a and 202b of FIG. 2 . In addition, blocks 1210 to 1250 may be implemented in the

processors

202a and 202b of FIG. 2 , and block 1260 may be implemented in the

transceivers

206a and 206b of FIG. 2 , and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

The codeword may be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit 1200 of FIG. 12 . Here, the codeword is a coded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (eg, a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (eg, PUSCH, PDSCH) of FIG. 10 . Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1210 . A scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device, and the like. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated by a modulator 1220 into a modulation symbol sequence. The modulation method may include pi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like.

The complex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to one or more transport layers by a layer mapper 1230 . Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1240 (precoding). The output z of the precoder 1240 may be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1230 by the precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transport layers. Here, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (eg, discrete fourier transform (DFT) transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Also, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1250 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include a plurality of symbols (eg, a CP-OFDMA symbol, a DFT-s-OFDMA symbol) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1260 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal may be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1260 may include an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) module and a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, and the like. .

The signal processing process for the received signal in the wireless device may be configured in reverse of the signal processing process 1210 to 1260 of FIG. 12 . For example, the wireless device (eg, 200a or 200b of FIG. 2 ) may receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received radio signal may be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal may be restored to a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codeword may be restored to the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, the signal processing circuit (not shown) for the received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a post coder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

Uplink and downlink transmission based on the NR system may be based on a frame as shown in FIG. 13 . In this case, one radio frame has a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). One half-frame may be defined as 5 1ms subframes (subframe, SF). One subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe may depend on subcarrier spacing (SCS). In this case, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP (normal CP) is used, each slot may include 14 symbols. When an extended CP (CP) is used, each slot may include 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or a DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when the normal CP is used, and Table 2 shows the number of slots per slot according to the SCS when the extended CSP is used. Indicates the number of symbols, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

In Tables 1 and 2 above,

represents the number of symbols in the slot,

represents the number of slots in the frame,

may indicate the number of slots in a subframe.

In addition, in a system to which the present disclosure is applicable, OFDM(A) numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between a plurality of cells merged into one UE. Accordingly, an (absolute time) interval of a time resource (eg, SF, slot, or TTI) (commonly referred to as a TU (time unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

NR may support multiple numerology (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when SCS is 15kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands, and when SCS is 30kHz/60kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and a wider carrier bandwidth, and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it can support a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band is defined as a frequency range of two types (FR1, FR2). FR1 and FR2 may be configured as shown in the table below. In addition, FR2 may mean a millimeter wave (mmW).

[Table 3]

6G (wireless) systems have (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) battery- It aims to reduce energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connections, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system may have four aspects such as “intelligent connectivity”, “deep connectivity”, “holographic connectivity”, and “ubiquitous connectivity”, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 4 below. That is, Table 4 is a table showing the requirements of the 6G system.

[Table 4]

Also, as an example, in a communication system to which the present disclosure is applicable, the above-described pneumatic numerology may be set differently. For example, a terahertz wave (THz) band may be used as a higher frequency band than the above-described FR2. In the THz band, the SCS may be set to be larger than that of the NR system, and the number of slots may be set differently, and it is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The THz band will be described later.

One slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols. A carrier (carrier) includes a plurality of subcarriers (subcarrier) in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of (eg, 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

In addition, a bandwidth part (BWP) is defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.).

A carrier may include a maximum of N (eg, 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through the activated BWP, and only one BWP can be activated for one terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol may be mapped.

6G 통신 시스템6G communication system

At this time, the 6G system includes enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mmTC), AI integrated communication, and tactile Internet (tactile internet), high throughput (high throughput), high network capacity (high network capacity), high energy efficiency (high energy efficiency), low backhaul and access network congestion (low backhaul and access network congestion) and improved data security ( It may have key factors such as enhanced data security.

Referring to FIG. 15 , the 6G system is expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become an even more important technology by providing an end-to-end delay of less than 1 ms in 6G communication. At this time, the 6G system will have much better volumetric spectral efficiency, unlike the frequently used area spectral efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately. In addition, new network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

- Satellites integrated network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. The integration of terrestrial, satellite and public networks into one wireless communication system could be very important for 6G.

- Connected intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary and will update the evolution of wireless from “connected things” to “connected intelligence”. AI may be applied in each step of a communication procedure (or each procedure of signal processing to be described later).

- Seamless integration wireless information and energy transfer: The 6G wireless network will deliver power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

- Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low-Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

In the above new network characteristics of 6G, some general requirements may be as follows.

- Small cell networks: The idea of small cell networks was introduced to improve the received signal quality as a result of improved throughput, energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in cellular systems. As a result, small cell networks are essential characteristics for communication systems beyond 5G and Beyond 5G (5GB). Accordingly, the 6G communication system also adopts the characteristics of the small cell network.

- Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication system. A multi-tier network composed of heterogeneous networks improves overall QoS and reduces costs.

- high-capacity backhaul: The backhaul connection is characterized as a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

- Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the functions of the 6G wireless communication system. Therefore, the radar system will be integrated with the 6G network.

- Softwarization and virtualization: Softening and virtualization are two important functions that underlie the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability. In addition, billions of devices can be shared in a shared physical infrastructure.

6G 시스템의 핵심 구현 기술Core implementation technology of 6G system

- Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The most important and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will be AI-enabled for full automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Incorporating AI into communications can simplify and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communication. In addition, AI can be a rapid communication in the BCI (brain computer interface). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems, but these are the application layer, network layer, and especially deep learning focused on wireless resource management and allocation. come. However, these studies are gradually developing into the MAC layer and the physical layer, and attempts are being made to combine deep learning with wireless transmission, particularly in the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in a fundamental signal processing and communication mechanism. For example, deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism, It may include AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, and the like in a physical layer of a downlink (DL). In addition, machine learning may be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, and the like in a MIMO system.

However, the application of DNN for transmission in the physical layer may have the following problems.

Deep learning-based AI algorithms require large amounts of training data to optimize training parameters. However, due to a limitation in acquiring data in a specific channel environment as training data, a lot of training data is used offline. This is because static training on training data in a specific channel environment may cause a contradiction between dynamic characteristics and diversity of a wireless channel.

In addition, current deep learning mainly targets real signals. However, signals of a physical layer of wireless communication may be expressed as complex signals. In order to match the characteristics of a wireless communication signal, further research on a neural network for detecting a complex domain signal is needed.

Hereinafter, machine learning will be described in more detail.

Machine learning refers to a set of operations that trains a machine to create a machine that can perform tasks that humans can or cannot do. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be roughly divided into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Neural network learning is to minimize output errors. Neural network learning repeatedly inputs learning data into the neural network, calculates the output and target errors of the neural network for the training data, and backpropagates the neural network error from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in the direction to reduce the error. ) to update the weight of each node in the neural network.

Supervised learning uses training data in which the correct answer is labeled in the training data, and in unsupervised learning, the correct answer may not be labeled in the training data. That is, for example, learning data in the case of supervised learning related to data classification may be data in which categories are labeled for each of the training data. The labeled training data is input to the neural network, and an error can be calculated by comparing the output (category) of the neural network with the label of the training data. The calculated error is back propagated in the reverse direction (ie, from the output layer to the input layer) in the neural network, and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to the back propagation. The change amount of the connection weight of each node to be updated may be determined according to a learning rate. The computation of the neural network on the input data and the backpropagation of errors can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate may be applied differently depending on the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stage of learning a neural network, a high learning rate can be used to increase the efficiency by allowing the neural network to quickly obtain a certain level of performance, and in the late learning period, a low learning rate can be used to increase the accuracy.

The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, when the purpose of accurately predicting data transmitted from a transmitter in a communication system is at a receiver, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be considered. ) is called

The neural network cord used as a learning method is largely divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent boltzmann machine (RNN) methods. and such a learning model can be applied.

THz(Terahertz) 통신THz (Terahertz) communication

THz communication may be applied in the 6G system. For example, the data rate may be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be accomplished by using sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology.

16 is a diagram illustrating an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure. As an example, referring to FIG. 16 , a THz wave, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally represents a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength in the range of 0.03 mm-3 mm. The 100GHz-300GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered a major part of the THz band for cellular communication. Sub-THz band Addition to mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300GHz-3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300GHz-3THz band is part of the broadband, but at the edge of the wideband, just behind the RF band. Thus, this 300 GHz-3THz band shows similarities to RF.

The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (high directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth produced by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of the THz signal allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This allows the use of advanced adaptive nesting techniques that can overcome range limitations.

광 무선 기술(optical wireless technology)optical wireless technology

Optical wireless communication (OWC) technology is envisaged for 6G communication in addition to RF-based communication for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul/fronthaul network connections. OWC technology has already been used since the 4G communication system, but will be used more widely to meet the needs of the 6G communication system. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and free space optical (FSO) communication based on a light band are well known technologies. Communication based on optical radio technology can provide very high data rates, low latency and secure communication. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can also be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communication based on a wide band.

FSO 백홀 네트워크FSO backhaul network

The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Thus, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber optic system. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology to provide backhaul connectivity in 6G systems along with fiber optic networks. Using FSO, very long-distance communication is possible even at distances of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as sea, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

대규모 MIMO 기술Massive MIMO technology

One of the key technologies to improve spectral efficiency is to apply MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, so does the spectral efficiency. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since the MIMO technology uses multiple paths, a multiplexing technique and a beam generation and operation technique suitable for the THz band should also be considered important so that a data signal can be transmitted through one or more paths.

블록 체인blockchain

Blockchain will become an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, which is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. The blockchain is managed as a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. It can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data on the blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain in nature perfectly complements IoT at scale with improved interoperability, security, privacy, reliability and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides several features such as interoperability between devices, traceability of large amounts of data, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

3D 네트워킹3D Networking

The 6G system integrates terrestrial and public networks to support vertical expansion of user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in terms of elevation and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connections significantly different from traditional 2D networks.

양자 커뮤니케이션quantum communication

In the context of 6G networks, unsupervised reinforcement learning of networks is promising. Supervised learning methods cannot label the massive amounts of data generated by 6G. Unsupervised learning does not require labeling. Thus, this technique can be used to autonomously build representations of complex networks. Combining reinforcement learning and unsupervised learning allows networks to operate in a truly autonomous way.

무인 항공기drone

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will become an important element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connections are provided using UAV technology. A base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and degrees of freedom with controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. A UAV can easily handle this situation. UAV will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. UAVs can also serve several purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, incident monitoring, and more. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

셀-프리 통신(cell-free Communication)Cell-free Communication

Tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is very important in 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without having to make any manual configuration on the device. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes too many handovers in high-density networks, causing handover failures, handover delays, data loss and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of this and provide better QoS. Cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and different heterogeneous radios of devices.

무선 정보 및 에너지 전송 통합(wireless information and energy transfer, WIET)Wireless information and energy transfer (WIET)

WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, the sensor and smartphone will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery-charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

센싱과 커뮤니케이션의 통합Integration of sensing and communication

An autonomous wireless network is a function that can continuously detect dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchange information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

액세스 백홀 네트워크의 통합Consolidation of access backhaul networks

The density of access networks in 6G will be enormous. Each access network is connected by backhaul connections such as fiber optic and FSO networks. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access and backhaul networks.

홀로그램 빔포밍holographic beamforming

Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit a radio signal in a specific direction. A smart antenna or a subset of an advanced antenna system. Beamforming technology has several advantages, such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency. Hologram beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that is significantly different from MIMO systems because it uses a software-defined antenna. HBF will be a very effective approach for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

빅 데이터 분석Big Data Analytics

Big data analytics is a complex process for analyzing various large data sets or big data. This process ensures complete data management by finding information such as hidden data, unknown correlations and customer propensity. Big data is gathered from a variety of sources such as videos, social networks, images and sensors. This technology is widely used to process massive amounts of data in 6G systems.

LIS(large intelligent surface)LIS (large intelligent surface)

In the case of the THz band signal, the linearity is strong, so there may be many shaded areas due to obstructions. By installing the LIS near these shaded areas, the LIS technology that expands the communication area, strengthens communication stability and enables additional additional services becomes important. The LIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials, and can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. LIS can be viewed as an extension of massive MIMO, but has a different array structure and operation mechanism from that of massive MIMO. In addition, LIS is low in that it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, that is, only passively reflects the signal without using an active RF chain. It has the advantage of having power consumption. Also, since each of the passive reflectors of the LIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, it can be advantageous for a wireless communication channel. By properly adjusting the phase shift via the LIS controller, the reflected signal can be gathered at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

테라헤르츠(THz) 무선통신terahertz (THz) wireless communication

Referring to FIG. 17, THz wireless communication uses a THz wave having a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 1012 Hz), and uses a very high carrier frequency of 100 GHz or more. It can mean communication. THz wave is located between RF (Radio Frequency)/millimeter (mm) and infrared band, (i) It transmits non-metal/non-polar material better than visible light/infrared light, and has a shorter wavelength than RF/millimeter wave, so it has high straightness. Beam focusing may be possible.

In addition, since the photon energy of the THz wave is only a few meV, it is harmless to the human body. The frequency band expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be a D-band (110 GHz to 170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz to 325 GHz) band with low propagation loss due to absorption of molecules in the air. Standardization discussion on THz wireless communication is being discussed centered on IEEE 802.15 THz working group (WG) in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents issued by TG (task group) (eg, TG3d, TG3e) of IEEE 802.15 are described in this specification. It can be specified or supplemented. THz wireless communication may be applied to wireless recognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, and the like.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 17 , a THz wireless communication scenario may be classified into a macro network, a micro network, and a nanoscale network. In a macro network, THz wireless communication can be applied to a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) connection and a backhaul/fronthaul connection. THz wireless communication in micro networks is applied to indoor small cells, fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections such as wireless connections in data centers, and near-field communication such as kiosk downloading. can be Table 5 below is a table showing an example of a technique that can be used in the THz wave.

[Table 5]

Referring to FIG. 18 , THz wireless communication may be classified based on a method for generating and receiving THz. The THz generation method can be classified into an optical device or an electronic device-based technology.

In this case, the method of generating THz using an electronic device is a method using a semiconductor device such as a resonant tunneling diode (RTD), a method using a local oscillator and a multiplier, a compound semiconductor HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) based There are a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) method using an integrated circuit, a method using a Si-CMOS-based integrated circuit, and the like. In the case of FIG. 18 , a doubler, tripler, or multiplier is applied to increase the frequency, and it is radiated by the antenna through the sub-harmonic mixer. Since the THz band forms a high frequency, a multiplier is essential. Here, the multiplier is a circuit that has an output frequency that is N times that of the input, matches the desired harmonic frequency, and filters out all other frequencies. Also, an array antenna or the like may be applied to the antenna of FIG. 18 to implement beamforming. In FIG. 18 , IF denotes an intermediate frequency, tripler, and multiplier denote a multiplier, PA denotes a power amplifier, and LNA denotes a low noise amplifier. ), PLL represents a phase-locked loop.

19 is a diagram illustrating a method for generating a THz signal applicable to the present disclosure. In addition, FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

19 and 20 , the optical device-based THz wireless communication technology refers to a method of generating and modulating a THz signal using an optical device. The optical element-based THz signal generation technology is a technology that generates a high-speed optical signal using a laser and an optical modulator, and converts it into a THz signal using an ultra-high-speed photodetector. In this technology, it is easier to increase the frequency compared to the technology using only electronic devices, it is possible to generate a high-power signal, and it is possible to obtain a flat response characteristic in a wide frequency band. As shown in FIG. 19 , a laser diode, a broadband optical modulator, and a high-speed photodetector are required to generate an optical device-based THz signal. In the case of FIG. 19 , light signals of two lasers having different wavelengths are multiplexed to generate a THz signal corresponding to a difference in wavelength between the lasers. In FIG. 19 , an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that transmits electrical signals using light waves to provide coupling with electrical insulation between circuits or systems, and UTC-PD (uni-travelling carrier photo- The detector) is one of the photodetectors, which uses electrons as active carriers and reduces the movement time of electrons by bandgap grading. UTC-PD is capable of photodetection above 150GHz. In FIG. 20 , an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) indicates an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a photo detector (PD) indicates a semiconductor device capable of converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, and the OSA indicates various optical communication functions (eg, .

21 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure. Also, FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 21 and 22 , in general, a phase of a signal may be changed by passing an optical source of a laser through an optical wave guide. At this time, data is loaded by changing electrical characteristics through microwave contact or the like. Accordingly, an optical modulator output is formed as a modulated waveform. The photoelectric modulator (O/E converter) is an optical rectification operation by a nonlinear crystal (nonlinear crystal), photoelectric conversion (O / E conversion) by a photoconductive antenna (photoconductive antenna), a bunch of electrons in the light beam (bunch of) THz pulses can be generated by, for example, emission from relativistic electrons. A terahertz pulse (THz pulse) generated in the above manner may have a length in units of femtoseconds to picoseconds. An O/E converter performs down conversion by using non-linearity of a device.

Considering the THz spectrum usage, a number of contiguous GHz bands for fixed or mobile service use for the terahertz system are used. likely to use According to the outdoor scenario standard, available bandwidth may be classified based on oxygen attenuation of 10^2 dB/km in a spectrum up to 1 THz. Accordingly, a framework in which the available bandwidth is composed of several band chunks may be considered. As an example of the framework, if the length of a terahertz pulse (THz pulse) for one carrier is set to 50 ps, the bandwidth (BW) becomes about 20 GHz.

Effective down conversion from the infrared band to the THz band depends on how the nonlinearity of the O/E converter is exploited. That is, in order to down-convert to a desired terahertz band (THz band), the O/E converter having the most ideal non-linearity for transfer to the terahertz band (THz band) is design is required. If an O/E converter that does not fit the target frequency band is used, there is a high possibility that an error may occur with respect to the amplitude and phase of the corresponding pulse.

In a single carrier system, a terahertz transmission/reception system may be implemented using one photoelectric converter. Although it depends on the channel environment, in a far-carrier system, as many photoelectric converters as the number of carriers may be required. In particular, in the case of a multi-carrier system using several broadbands according to the above-described spectrum usage-related scheme, the phenomenon will become conspicuous. In this regard, a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered. The down-frequency-converted signal based on the photoelectric converter may be transmitted in a specific resource region (eg, a specific frame). The frequency domain of the specific resource region may include a plurality of chunks. Each chunk may be composed of at least one component carrier (CC).

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described based on the above description. As mentioned above, the new communication system may operate based on the terahertz band.

Here, when the transmitting end transmits a signal based on the terahertz band, since the transmitting end uses a signal of a high frequency band, the design of a radio frequency (RF) structure may be complicated. In this case, the antenna may be integrated in a narrow space for high beam gain. Also, signal distortion or loss may occur in the signal transmission path. Here, when the antenna is integrated in consideration of the high frequency band signal, the implementation of the phase adjuster for the antenna may be complicated. Therefore, the overall RF architecture design can become complex.

In consideration of the above, when communication is performed in a terahertz band, holographic beamforming (HBF) may be applied. For example, the HBF may use a pin diode or a varactor as a simpler electronic device than a conventional antenna used for multi input multi output (MIMO) or beamforming. Specifically, in order to adjust the beam direction based on the HBF, the antenna may use on/off characteristics of a PIN diode. Also, as an example, each antenna element for HBF may use a single varactor. In this case, the single varactor may use a variable capacitor whose capacitance varies according to a DC bias, and based on this, a phase adjustment may be performed for each antenna element. However, when using a varactor, it is necessary to generate a DC bias as described above. Therefore, since the antenna element must employ a digital analog converter (DAC), as the number of antennas increases, there may be a limitation in application. On the other hand, as an example, since the radiation pattern is controlled through a simple element as a shape generated based on the overlap of antenna elements in the same way as generating a 3D image by controlling holographic light, it may be named HBF, but limited to a specific name it's not going to be

As described above, the RF structure can be designed more simply in the terahertz band using a high frequency band based on the on/off characteristics of the pin diode or the characteristics of the varactor, and below, the antenna configuration such as HBF is a prerequisite Describes a transmission structure capable of transmitting a baseband signal. That is, a method of simplifying a transmission structure in a multi-band wireless communication system including a terahertz band will be described, thereby enabling efficient signal transmission. Hereinafter, a method of generating a signal based on PSK (Phase Shift Keying) will be described in consideration of a transmitter structure controllable with one bit based on the above description.

23 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 23 , the transmitter includes a baseband 2310 for generating a signal to be transmitted in a baseband,

modulators

2320 and 2330 for transitioning to a frequency band, a frequency synthesizer 2340 and a beam generator ( 2350) may include at least one of them. In addition, the transmitter includes a DAC that converts a digital signal into an analog signal, a filter that passes only a signal through a desired band, an AMP (or attenuator, LNA) that adjusts the size of a signal, and a beamformer (eg phase shifter) for analog beamforming and It may operate by further using at least one of the antennas. Here, as an example, the modulator may include a modulation Low 2320 and a modulation High 2330 . In this case, when modulation is performed based on direct conversion, the 'modulation high (2330)' may be omitted, but is not limited thereto.

Also, as an example, the transmitter may use an antenna array including a plurality of antennas as an integrated antenna as described above while transmitting a signal at a high frequency. Here, each phase shifter for each antenna element of the antenna array may be used for beam generation as shown in FIG. 23 . However, the phase shifter based on FIG. 23 may consume a lot of power. Specifically, phase adjustment may be performed through each phase shifter for each antenna element, and power consumption may be large based on the load of the phase shifter. In consideration of the above, a method for replacing the phase shifter for each antenna element may be required.

In this case, as an example, the above-described HBF may perform phase adjustment using a holographic shape when a signal in a desired beam direction and a frequency shift signal are viewed and overlapped by each antenna element. Here, the baseband signal may be radiated in a desired beam direction in a desired frequency band.

Therefore, based on the structure of controlling the complex function of the phase shifter of FIG. 23 with one bit, if a plurality of antenna elements exist, it can operate like an HBF, reduce power consumption and simplify design. . That is, phase adjustment may be performed through an overlapping shape in each antenna element controlled based on a 1-bit controller. Through this, the signal can be radiated in the intended beam direction by shifting the baseband signal, and an operation based on this can be described.

Referring to FIG. 24 , as described above, the phase shifter may be replaced with a 1-bit controller. That is, the phase shifter for each antenna element may be implemented based on a structure controlled by one bit. As an example, referring to FIG. 24 , as in FIG. 23 , the transmitter includes a baseband 2410 for generating a signal to be transmitted in a baseband,

modulators

2420 and 2430 for transition to a frequency band, and a frequency At least one of a synthesizer 2440 and a beam generator 2450 may be included. In addition, the transmitter includes a DAC that converts a digital signal into an analog signal, a filter that passes only a signal through a desired band, an AMP (or attenuator, LNA) that adjusts the size of a signal, and a beamformer (eg phase shifter) for analog beamforming and The operation may be performed by further using at least one of the antennas, which may be as shown in FIG. 23 .

However, as an example, the phase shifter in FIG. 24 may be implemented as a 1-bit controller based on on/off of the pin diode. As another example, the phase shifter may be implemented using a varactor, which may correspond to each antenna element. Hereinafter, an operation based on the 1-bit controller based on the on/off of the pin diode will be described. However, as an example, it may be possible to implement using a varactor, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

At this time, as an example, referring to FIG. 25 , an impedance change due to a pin diode may be represented. A phase shift value according to on/off of the pinned diode may vary depending on the frequency band, and may be determined according to the characteristics of the pinned diode and the characteristics of the antenna element. At this time, referring to FIG. 25( a ), when a reverse DC bias is applied to the pinned diode, the pinned diode may be turned off, and may be configured with the impedance of the capacitor as shown in FIG. 25( d ). On the other hand, referring to FIG. 25(b) , when a forward DC bias is applied to the pinned diode, the pinned diode may be turned on, and may be configured by the impedance of the inductor as shown in FIG. 25(c). That is, the pin diode may have different characteristics depending on the ON/OFF of the pin diode. Here, referring to FIG. 25(e), when using the antenna configured with the above-described antenna element in the 11.5 GHz frequency band, the phase is adjusted to -120 degrees (in case of off) or 120 degrees (in case of on) (x -pole basis) can be used. That is, they may have different phase values based on the on/off of the pin diode. In this case, each pin diode may correspond to each antenna element. That is, it may be indicated by a 1-bit value according to on/off of the pin diode, and phase adjustment for each antenna element may be possible, which will be described later. As another example, the pin diode may be implemented with a function of turning off radiation of an antenna element corresponding to the phase shift characteristic different from the above-described phase shift characteristic, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

Hereinafter, a structure of a transmitter in the case of configuring an on/off method of an antenna element, a 1-bit phase adjustment on/off method, or an HBF capable of 1-bit phase adjustment as described above will be described below.

As an example, FIGS. 26 and 27 may be transmitter structures applicable to the present disclosure. In this case, FIG. 26 may be a method of directly inputting a band frequency, and FIG. 27 may be a method of indirectly inputting a band frequency. As an example, the beam generator may be used in the same way as a reflector.

As a more specific example, referring to FIGS. 26 and 27 , a transmitter may generate a baseband transmission signal by directly controlling an element controller (one bit on/off). Accordingly, a separate modulator for band shift may not be required. When a basic design for utilizing HBF is performed based on the above description, since the transmitter can be implemented without separate RF signal processing, it can be robust to various interference phenomena such as coupling.

Also, as an example, since the AMP (PA) of the transmit power receives only a sinusoidal signal as an input, it may be advantageous in terms of a Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) or transmit power efficiency. Also, as an example, since the baseband signal to be transmitted and the beam direction control are performed only with a 1-bit control signal, the overall design can be facilitated.

In this case, the baseband

signal processing units

2610 and 2710 may determine an on/off adjustment value of a component controller (a phase shifter or a radiation signal) for each antenna element. In addition, the

frequency synthesizers

2620 and 2720 are communication band (e.g. sub-THz) signal source generators, and may be configured as a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and an output power amplifier. For example, referring to FIG. 26 , a band frequency may be directly input from the frequency synthesizer 2620 . Also, as an example, referring to FIG. 27 , a band frequency may be indirectly input from the frequency synthesizer 2720 .

Also, as an example, the

beam generators

2630 and 2730 may generate beams based on the direct insertion method and the indirect insertion method based on FIGS. 28 and 29 . Here, for example, in the conventional antenna array, the distance from the feeding line to all antenna elements may be set to be the same, and a feeding line that can satisfy this may be applied.

On the other hand, referring to FIG. 28 , the antenna elements may be configured as a 2D (or 3D) antenna array with an interval of 0.5λ or less. In this case, a feeding line may be set from the feeding point to all antenna elements. Here, each antenna element may have an element controller. The element controller may be a 1-bit controller as described above, and signal radiation on/off or two-level phase adjustment (eg +90/-90) may be performed for each antenna element according to the characteristics of the element controller. . Through this, a feeding line may be set in a direct insertion method such as a metal line or a wave guard to all antenna elements, and control of the antenna elements may be performed based on the element controller described above. . That is, when the above-described element controller is used, the feeding line is set to all antenna elements, so that the feeding line can be identified based on the feeding point.

Also, as an example, referring to FIG. 29 , the antenna elements may be configured as a 2D (or 3D) antenna array with an interval of 0.5λ or less. In this case, each antenna element may have an element controller. The element controller may be a 1-bit controller as described above, and signal radiation on/off or two-level phase adjustment (eg +90/-90) may be performed for each antenna element according to the characteristics of the element controller. , which may be the same as described above.

Here, as the feeding method, an indirect insertion method through a radiator such as a horn antenna may be used, which may be as shown in FIG. 29 . In this case, the feeding line may be the distance from the feeding point to each antenna element on the air. That is, in the case of the indirect insertion method, the position of the horn antenna may be a feeding point. For example,

is the distance from the feeding point to the (n,m) antenna element, meaning the feeding line. The (n,m) antenna element includes an element controller to control on/off for each antenna element. Alternatively, two-level phase adjustment may be possible for each antenna element, which will be described later.

Also, as an example, x, y, and z in FIGS. 28 and 29 may mean coordinate axes of a 3D area. Also, N and M may mean the number of 2D antenna elements, and (n,m) may mean coordinates of the antenna elements.

,

and

may mean distances on the x, y, and z axes from the reference antenna element (0,0) to the (n,m) antenna element, respectively.

As described above, a beam may be generated based on distance information for each antenna element in the antenna array, which will be described. In this case, for example, considering a method of generating a signal in a baseband,

data

2611 and 2711 are transmitted through

symbol mappers

2612 and 2712 .

It can be mapped to a symbol of a phase value. As an example, the θ_d phase value may be expressed based on 8PSK. in other words,

The phase value may be mapped to any one of eight phase values based on Equation 1 below, but this is only one example, and the phase value may be expressed in other ways.

[Equation 1]

In addition, the

beam controllers

2613 and 2713 take into account the antenna array structure and the direction of the beam to be directed, an ideal adjustment value ( (n, m) to be controlled in the antenna element.

) can be determined. That is, the

beam controllers

2613 and 2713 are

,

and

Taking into account (n,m) the ideal adjustment value to be controlled at the antenna element (

) can be determined.

Here, as an example, FIG. 30 may be a beam direction of a transmitted signal. In this case, the antenna array may be parallel to the y-axis and the z-axis, and may be protruded or retracted along the x-axis. The direction of the beam to be directed is (

,

) can be determined based on That is, it can be expressed based on the phase in the x, y and z axes as shown in FIG. 30 . At this time, as an example, the total phase matrix value (

), the beam pattern generated by

It can be expressed as Equation (2). In addition, Equation 2 is converted to the phase matrix value (

), it can be expressed as Equation (3).

[Equation 2]

[Equation 3]

here,

Is

It may mean a beam pattern that achieves a beam gain (G') in the direction. In addition, f(Θ) denotes a beam pattern transformation function generated by controlling the phase matrix of Θ. As an example, when beamforming based on a steering vector is performed, f(Θ) may be equal to Equation 4, but this is only an example and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

[Equation 4]

here

may mean a phase value by beam steering. also,

may mean the phase value due to the feeding line,

and

may be as in

Equations

5 and 6 below.

[Equation 5]

[Equation 6]

Here, λ means the wavelength of radio waves, and n∈{0, 1, ... . N-1}, m∈{0,1,… , M-1}.

That is, two phase components can be derived based on Equations 5 and 6 described above. In this case, one phase component may be a phase change according to the position of the antenna element (Equation 5), and the other phase component may be a phase change according to a path up to the (n,m) antenna element based on the fitting line ( Equation 6). here,

may be derived based on the sum of two phase change values. That is, for the desired beam

can be derived.

Next, the

beam controllers

2613 and 2713 derive the desired beam pattern as described above, and the value

may be provided to the

antenna element drivers

2614 and 2714 . In this case, the

antenna element drivers

2614 and 2714 may determine the on/off value of the element controller controlled by one bit. For example, in the case of an antenna element, an on/off value may be determined based on whether a signal is radiated. That is, when the value of 1 bit indicates on, the signal is emitted, and when the value of 1 bit indicates off, the signal may not be emitted.

As another example, in the case of an antenna element, the radiated phase value may be determined as two-level values. That is, if the value of one bit is the first value, the signal may be radiated at the first level, and if the value of one bit is the second value, the signal may be radiated at the second level. Here, based on the structural characteristics of the element controller, the status of one bit can be expressed as shown in Table 6 below.

[Table 6]

At this time, FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating a method of determining a 1-bit value. For example, the 1-bit value determined by the above-described

antenna element drivers

2614 and 2714 may indicate on/off as described above, and the 1-bit value determination method may be as shown in Table 7 below.

[Table 7]

here

, mod(x,y) means the modulo operation of x by the value of y. In this case, as described above,

denotes an ideal phase control value of the (n,m) antenna element determined by the beam controllers 2613 and 2713 . in other words,

(n,m) may be a phase value when the antenna element is indicated to be on and a signal is emitted. also,

may mean a phase value of transmission data determined by the

symbol mappers

2612 and 2712 .

That is, for data that has passed through the

symbol mappers

2612 and 2712

and the desired beam pattern obtained from the

beam controllers

2613 and 2713.

A modulo operation on the sum of can be performed. At this time,

The range of 0°≤

It may be <360°, and may be the same as in FIG. 31(a). In addition, Th may mean an allowable boundary value of a phase difference when the antenna element is indicated to be on and a signal is radiated. That is, the antenna element is indicated to be on so that the signal

When radiated with a phase value,

this

When the difference is less than the contrast Th, the corresponding antenna element may be indicated to be on. On the other hand,

this

When the difference is greater than the contrast Th, the corresponding antenna element may be indicated to be off, and may be as shown in FIG. 31( a ).

In addition, as an example, the 1-bit value determined by the above-described

antenna element drivers

2614 and 2714 may indicate a 2-level phase value, and a method of determining the 1-bit value may be as shown in Table 8 below.

[Table 8]

here,

and

is (n,m) means two phase values that can be radiated when the antenna element emits a signal. This may be the same as Figure 31 (b),

this

and

It means that it is determined by the value in the nearest position.

As another example, FIG. 32 is a case in which the above-mentioned 1-bit value indicates a 2-level phase value, and when it consists of 16x16 antenna elements, it may be a beam pattern generated when signals A to H of 8PSK are transmitted. . Also, as an example, FIG. 33 is a case in which a 1-bit value indicates a 2-level phase value, and when it consists of 16x16 antenna elements, it may be a control pattern for each antenna element. For example, referring to FIG. 32 , when observed in the beam radiation direction (0, 0), all beam gains for eight constellations may be the same, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

For example, referring to FIG. 34 , the terminal may map data to a symbol having a first phase value. (S3410) At this time, as described above with reference to FIGS. 23 to 33 , data may be mapped to a symbol having a first phase value based on 8PSK. However, this is only one example and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

Next, the terminal may determine a beam direction for data. (S3420) As an example, the terminal may include an antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements. In this case, each antenna element included in the antenna array may be controlled based on a 1-bit controller, as described above. Here, the phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements may be determined based on the above-described beam direction. For example, a phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements may be determined based on the above-described beam controller of the terminal.

Next, each antenna element indication value corresponding to each of the plurality of antenna elements may be determined. In this case, each antenna element indication value may be determined based on a phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements. (S3430) In this case, as an example, each antenna element indication value may be a 1-bit value as described above. Here, each antenna element indication value may indicate whether a corresponding antenna element radiates a signal.

As a more specific example, a first antenna element that is one of a plurality of antenna elements may be considered. In this case, the first antenna element indication value corresponding to the first antenna element may be 1 bit. In this case, when the first antenna element indication value is the first value, the terminal may radiate a signal from the first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value with the second phase value. That is, the first antenna element may be switched on.

On the other hand, when the first antenna element indication value is the second value, the terminal may not radiate a signal from the first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value. That is, the first antenna element may be switched off.

In this case, the terminal may derive the phase value for the first antenna element based on the beam direction and the third phase value based on the first phase value. That is, the terminal may derive the third phase value based on the ideal phase value of the first antenna element and the first phase value for data based on the beam direction. As an example, the third phase value may be derived by modulo operation, as described above. Thereafter, the terminal may compare whether the derived third phase value and the second phase value are within a threshold value. At this time, if the third phase value is within the second phase value and the threshold value, the first antenna element indication value is set to the first value, and the first antenna element emits a signal based on the second phase value. can That is, the 1-bit control value for the first antenna element may be switched on.

On the other hand, when the derived third phase value and the second phase value exceed the threshold value, the first antenna element indication value is set to the second value, and the first antenna element may not radiate a signal. That is, the 1-bit control value for the first antenna element may be switched off.

As another example, the respective antenna element indication value may be a value indicating the phase level of each antenna element. At this time, when the first antenna element indication value corresponding to the first antenna element among the plurality of antenna elements is the first value, the first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value may radiate the signal as the second phase value. there is. Also, when the first antenna element indication value is the second value, the first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value may radiate the signal with the third phase value. That is, when the first antenna element radiates a signal, the 1-bit control value may be a value indicating a phase level.

Here, as an example, the terminal may derive the phase value for the first antenna element based on the beam direction and the fourth phase value based on the first phase value. That is, the terminal may derive the fourth phase value based on the ideal phase value of the first antenna element and the first phase value for data based on the beam direction. As an example, the fourth phase value may be derived by modulo operation, as described above.

Then, the terminal may compare the derived fourth phase value with the second phase value and the third phase value. In this case, when the fourth phase value is closer to the second phase value than the third phase value, the first antenna element may radiate a signal based on the second phase value. On the other hand, when the fourth phase value is closer to the third phase value than the second phase value, the first antenna element may radiate a signal based on the third phase value. That is, the 1-bit control value may indicate the phase level.

Next, a beam for data transmission may be generated based on each antenna element indication value (S3440). Thereafter, the terminal may transmit data through the generated beam, as described above (S3450). )

Also, as an example, when the terminal determines a phase value for each of a plurality of antenna elements based on a beam direction, the phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements is a phase value according to the position of the antenna element in the antenna array and the antenna array may be determined based on the phase value according to the fitting line, as described above.

Based on the above, the terminal may not have data modulation in RF (Radio Frequency), and control signal radiation for each antenna element of the antenna array in consideration of data modulation and a phase value based on each antenna element. can At this time, the local frequency generated through RF is applied to the antenna array through the AMP, and the applied local frequency is reflected in the signal emitted based on each antenna element to generate a final beam, which is as described above. .

Since examples of the above-described proposed method may also be included as one of the implementation methods of the present disclosure, it is clear that they may be regarded as a kind of proposed method. In addition, the above-described proposed methods may be implemented independently, or may be implemented in the form of a combination (or merge) of some of the proposed methods. Rules can be defined so that the base station informs the terminal of whether the proposed methods are applied or not (or information on the rules of the proposed methods) through a predefined signal (eg, a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal). there is.

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential characteristics described in the present disclosure. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as restrictive in all respects but as exemplary. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, claims that are not explicitly cited in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment, or may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various wireless access systems. As an example of various radio access systems, there is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or a 3GPP2 system.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied not only to the various radio access systems, but also to all technical fields to which the various radio access systems are applied. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems using very high frequency bands.

Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications such as free-running vehicles and drones.

Claims

In a method for a terminal (User Equipment, UE) to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system,

mapping data to symbols having a first phase value;

determining a beam direction for the data, wherein the terminal includes an antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements, and a phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements is determined based on the determined beam direction;

determining each antenna element indication value corresponding to each of the plurality of antenna elements based on a phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements;

generating a beam for the data transmission based on the respective antenna element indication values; and

Including; transmitting the data through the generated beam.
The method of claim 1,

When generating a beam for the data transmission based on the respective antenna element indication value,

The baseband signal processing unit of the terminal indicates the respective antenna element indication value to the beam generator of the terminal based on the first phase value for the data and the determined phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements, The frequency synthesizer of the terminal generates a local frequency and applies the generated local frequency to the beam generator through an AMP (Amplifier),

The beam generator radiates a signal through each antenna element controlled based on the respective antenna element indication value, and the applied local frequency is reflected in the radiated signal to generate a beam for the data. How to send.
The method of claim 1,

The first phase value is determined based on Phase Shift Keying (PSK).
The method of claim 1,

When the phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements is determined based on the determined beam direction, the phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements is a phase value according to the position of the antenna element in the antenna array and in the antenna array and is determined based on a phase value along the fitting line.
The method of claim 1,

wherein each antenna element indication value is 1 bit.
6. The method of claim 5,

Each of the antenna element indication value is a value indicating whether the signal is radiated by each antenna element,

When the first antenna element indication value corresponding to the first antenna element is a first value, the first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value radiates a signal with a second phase value;

When the first antenna element indication value is a second value, the first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value does not radiate a signal.
7. The method of claim 6,

a phase value for the first antenna element based on the determined beam direction and a third phase value are derived based on the first phase value;

When the derived third phase value and the second phase value are within a threshold value, the first antenna element indication value is set to the first value, and the first antenna element transmits the signal to the second value. A method of transmitting a signal, which radiates based on a phase value.
8. The method of claim 7,

If the derived third phase value and the second phase value are other than a threshold value, the first antenna element indication value is set to the second value, and the first antenna element does not emit the signal , the signal transmission method.
6. The method of claim 5,

The respective antenna element indication value is a value indicating the phase level of each antenna element,

When the first antenna element indication value corresponding to the first antenna element is a first value, the first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value radiates a signal with a second phase value;

When the first antenna element indication value is a second value, the first antenna element corresponding to the first antenna element indication value radiates a signal with a third phase value.
10. The method of claim 9,

a phase value for the first antenna element based on the determined beam direction and a fourth phase value derived based on the first phase value;

and the derived fourth phase value is compared with the second phase value and the third phase value.
11. The method of claim 10,

and when the fourth phase value is closer to the second phase value than the third phase value, the first antenna element radiates the signal based on the second phase value.
12. The method of claim 11,

and when the fourth phase value is closer to the third phase value than the second phase value, the first antenna element radiates the signal based on the third phase value.
In a terminal operating in a wireless communication system,

at least one transmitter;

at least one receiver;

at least one processor; and

at least one memory operably coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform a specific operation;

The specific action is:

map the data to a symbol having a first phase value,

Determining a beam direction for the data, wherein the terminal includes an antenna array composed of a plurality of antenna elements, and a phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements is determined based on the determined beam direction,

Determine each antenna element indication value corresponding to each of the plurality of antenna elements based on the phase value for each of the plurality of antenna elements,

generating a beam for the data transmission based on the respective antenna element indication value; and

Transmitting the data through the generated beam, signal transmission method.
13. The method of claim 12,

The terminal communicates with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network, and an autonomous vehicle other than a vehicle in which the terminal is included.