WO2022065540A1 - Receiver comprising analog-to-digital converter in wireless communication network and method for operating receiver - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses the structure of a receiver in a wireless communication system. According to one embodiment applicable to the present disclosure, a receiver comprises: a matching unit for aligning phases of radio frequency (RF) signals received through each of a plurality of antennas; a processing unit for converting the phase-aligned RF signals into analog baseband signals; and a plurality of conversion units for converting the analog baseband signals into a digital bit stream. Each of the plurality of conversion units combines output signals of a plurality of sub-conversion units mapped to each of the plurality of antennas so as to convert the output signals into the digital bit stream, wherein the plurality of sub-conversion units may comprise: a first sub-conversion unit for quantizing a first signal branched from the analog baseband signals; and a second sub-conversion unit for quantizing a difference between an output signal obtained from a sub-conversion unit connected thereto from among the plurality of sub-conversion units and a second signal branched from the analog baseband signals.

Description

A receiver including an analog-to-digital converter in a wireless communication network and a method of operating the receiver

The following description relates to a wireless communication network, and to a receiver including an analog to digital converter (ADC) in a wireless communication network and a method of operating the receiver.

Wireless access systems are being widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. In general, a wireless access system is a multiple access system that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of the multiple access system include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) system. division multiple access) systems.

In particular, as many communication devices require a large communication capacity, an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology has been proposed compared to the existing radio access technology (RAT). In addition, a communication system that considers reliability and latency sensitive services/user equipment (UE) as well as massive machine type communications (mMTC) that provides various services anytime, anywhere by connecting multiple devices and things has been proposed. . For this purpose, various technical configurations have been proposed.

The present disclosure may provide a structure of a receiver that consumes low power while receiving data at a high speed in a receiver including an analog to digital converter (ADC).

The technical objects to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the above, and other technical problems not mentioned are common knowledge in the technical field to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the embodiments of the present disclosure to be described below. can be considered by those with

The present disclosure may provide a receiver including a sigma-delta (Sigma-delta) ADC (analog to digital converter) in a wireless communication system.

As an example of the present disclosure, a receiver in a wireless communication network, a matching unit for aligning phases of RF (radio frequency) signals received through each of a plurality of antennas; a processing unit converting the phase-aligned RF signals into analog baseband signals; and a plurality of converters for converting the analog baseband signals into a digital bit stream, wherein each of the plurality of converters combines output signals of a plurality of sub-converters mapped to each of the plurality of antennas, a first sub-conversion unit for converting the digital bit stream, and the plurality of sub-conversion units, for quantizing a first signal branched from the analog baseband signals; and a second sub-converter configured to quantize a difference between an output signal obtained from the connected sub-converter and a second signal branched from the analog baseband signals among the plurality of sub-converters.

As an example of the present disclosure, the first sub-conversion unit may convert the first signal into a digital signal, convert the digital signal into an analog signal, and transmit the analog signal to the second sub-conversion unit there is.

As an example of the present disclosure, the second sub-conversion unit differentially calculates the output signal obtained from the connected sub-conversion unit and the second signal, and performs noise shaping on the signal obtained as a result of the differential operation. and a signal obtained as a result of the noise shaping may be converted into a digital signal.

As an example of the present disclosure, the matching unit may combine phase-aligned RF signals and transmit the combined RF signals to the processing unit.

As an example of the present disclosure, the plurality of converters convert an analog baseband signal branched in units of time division channels having the same time length into a digital bit stream, correct mismatch in units of time division channels of the digital bit stream, and , the plurality of sub-transformers may quantize the branched analog baseband signal in units of time division subchannels having the same time length of the same time division channel.

As an example of the present disclosure, the digital processor may further include a digital processor configured to generate a digital baseband signal by digitally processing the digital bit streams.

As an example of the present disclosure, the matching unit outputs a number of phase-aligned RF signals corresponding to an oversampling rate (OSR) of the receiver based on the RF signals of each of the plurality of antennas, The phase-aligned RF signals may be input to different RF chains of the processor connected to each of the plurality of antennas.

As an example of the present disclosure, a method of operating a receiver of a wireless communication network includes aligning phases of radio frequency (RF) signals received through each of a plurality of antennas; converting the phase aligned RF signals to analog baseband signals; switching the analog baseband signals in units of time division channels and inputting them to different converters; and sequentially sampling the analog baseband signals in units of time division channels in units of time division subchannels.

As an example of the present disclosure, the method may include combining the phase-aligned RF signals, and the converting into the analog baseband signals may include converting the combined RF signals into the analog baseband signals.

As an example of the present disclosure, in the step of switching the analog baseband signals on a time-division channel basis and inputting them to different converters, analog baseband signals of different time-division channels having the same interval to the different converters are applied to the different converters. can be entered.

As an example of the present disclosure, in the step of sequentially sampling in units of time division subchannels, analog baseband signals of different time division subchannels of the same time division channel may be sampled at the same interval.

As an example of the present disclosure, in the step of aligning the phases of the RF signals, based on the RF signals of each of the plurality of antennas, the number of phase alignments corresponding to the oversampling rate (OSR) of the receiver RF signals can be output.

As an example of the present disclosure, a method of operating a receiver in a wireless communication network includes: receiving a message from a transmitter for requesting a reception capability report of the receiver; transmitting a reception capability report message including reception capability information of the receiver to the transmitter; receiving, from the transmitter, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information determined by the transmitter based on the reception capability information; and receiving a signal modulated based on the MCS, wherein the reception capability information may be determined based on at least one of a resolution of an analog to digital converter (ADC) of the receiver and a power situation of the receiver. .

As an example of the present disclosure, the capability report message of the receiver may further include power status information of the receiver, and the MCS of the transmitter may be determined based on the reception capability information and the power status information of the receiver.

As an example of the present disclosure, a method of operating a receiver includes: measuring channel quality information (CQI) of the modulated signal based on the MCS; and transmitting a status information report message including the CQI and power status information of the receiver.

Aspects of the present disclosure described above are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and various embodiments in which the technical features of the present disclosure are reflected are detailed descriptions of the present disclosure that will be described below by those of ordinary skill in the art can be derived and understood based on

The following effects may be obtained by the embodiments based on the present disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, by using a 1-bit quantizer-based ΣΔ (sigma-delta) analog to digital converter (ADC) of a receiver, it is possible to efficiently modulate a signal received through multiple antennas and increase a data rate can do it

Effects that can be obtained in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned are the technical fields to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure below. It can be clearly derived and understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. That is, unintended effects of implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure may also be derived by those of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

The accompanying drawings below are provided to help understanding of the present disclosure, and together with the detailed description, may provide embodiments of the present disclosure. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to constitute a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing may refer to structural elements.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure.

2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobile device applied to the present disclosure.

5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure.

6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a movable body applied to the present disclosure.

7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an XR device applied to the present disclosure.

8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a robot applied to the present disclosure.

9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artificial intelligence (AI) device applied to the present disclosure.

10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applied to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using the same.

11 is a diagram illustrating a control plane and a user plane structure of a radio interface protocol applied to the present disclosure.

12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure.

13 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.

14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.

15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

16 is a diagram illustrating an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.

17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

19 is a diagram illustrating a method for generating a THz signal applicable to the present disclosure.

20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

21 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure.

22 is a diagram illustrating a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.

23 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

24 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a receiver including a sigma-delta (Sigma-delta) ADC (analog to digital converter) applicable to the present disclosure.

25 is a diagram illustrating a connection relationship between a plurality of antennas applicable to the present disclosure and a spatial ΣΔ ADC.

26 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a panel of a receiver including a plurality of antennas and a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

27 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of ADC-based oversampling methods for an incident signal through a multi-antenna array applicable to the present disclosure.

28 is a diagram illustrating a signal flow of a spatial ΣΔ ADC included in a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

29 is a diagram illustrating a signal flow of a spatial ΣΔ ADC included in a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

30 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

31 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

32 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a specific structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

33 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a spatial ΣΔ ADC included in a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

34 is a diagram illustrating sampling times according to an antenna array mapped to a spatial ΣΔ ADC included in a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

35 is a diagram illustrating a processing time diagram of a spatial ΣΔ ADC included in a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

36 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a specific structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

37 is a diagram illustrating a third embodiment of a specific structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

38 is a diagram illustrating a fourth embodiment of a specific structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

39 is a diagram illustrating a communication operation between a transmitter and a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

The following embodiments combine elements and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form that is not combined with other components or features. In addition, some components and/or features may be combined to configure an embodiment of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some configurations or features of one embodiment may be included in other embodiments, or may be replaced with corresponding configurations or features of other embodiments.

In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that may obscure the gist of the present disclosure are not described, and procedures or steps that can be understood at the level of a person skilled in the art are also not described.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "comprising or including" a certain component, it does not exclude other components unless otherwise stated, meaning that other components may be further included. do. In addition, terms such as “…unit”, “…group”, and “module” described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which may be implemented as hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software. there is. Also, "a or an", "one", "the" and like related terms are used differently herein in the context of describing the present disclosure (especially in the context of the following claims). Unless indicated or clearly contradicted by context, it may be used in a sense including both the singular and the plural.

In the present specification, embodiments of the present disclosure have been described focusing on a data transmission/reception relationship between a base station and a mobile station. Here, the base station has a meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with the mobile station. A specific operation described as being performed by the base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.

That is, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station in a network including a plurality of network nodes including the base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. In this case, the 'base station' is a term such as a fixed station, a Node B, an eNB (eNode B), a gNB (gNode B), an ng-eNB, an advanced base station (ABS) or an access point (access point). can be replaced by

In addition, in embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal includes a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), It may be replaced by terms such as a mobile terminal or an advanced mobile station (AMS).

In addition, a transmitting end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that provides a data service or a voice service, and a receiving end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that receives a data service or a voice service. Accordingly, in the case of uplink, the mobile station may be a transmitting end, and the base station may be a receiving end. Similarly, in the case of downlink, the mobile station may be the receiving end, and the base station may be the transmitting end.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are wireless access systems IEEE 802.xx system, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, 3GPP 5G ( ^5th generation) NR (New Radio) system, and 3GPP2 system It may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of, in particular, embodiments of the present disclosure by 3GPP TS (technical specification) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents. can be supported

Also, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems, and are not limited to the above-described system. As an example, it may be applicable to a system applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system, and is not limited to a specific system.

That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be described with reference to the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document may be described by the standard document.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the appended drawings is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the technical constructions of the present disclosure may be practiced.

In addition, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to help the understanding of the present disclosure, and the use of these specific terms may be changed to other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

The following technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. It can be applied to various wireless access systems.

For clarity of the description below, although description is based on a 3GPP communication system (eg, LTE, NR, etc.), the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited thereto. LTE may mean 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 or later technology. In detail, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 may be referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may refer to technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. 3GPP 6G may refer to technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18. "xxx" stands for standard document detail number. LTE/NR/6G may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.

For backgrounds, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published before the present invention. As an example, reference may be made to the 36.xxx and 38.xxx standard documents.

Communication system applicable to the present disclosure

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connection (eg, 5G) between devices. there is.

Hereinafter, it will be exemplified in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise indicated.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a communication system 100 applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (eg, 5G NR, LTE), and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot 100a, a vehicle 100b-1, 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, and a home appliance. appliance) 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device/server 100g. For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, and the like. Here, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (eg, a drone). The XR device 100c includes augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devices, and includes a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, It may be implemented in the form of a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like. The portable device 100d may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, smart watch, smart glasses), and a computer (eg, a laptop computer). The home appliance 100e may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, and the like. The IoT device 100f may include a sensor, a smart meter, and the like. For example, the base station 120 and the network 130 may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device 120a may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 130 through the base station 120 . AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f , and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 100g through the network 130 . The network 130 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (eg, LTE) network, or a 5G (eg, NR) network. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the base station 120/network 130, but communicate directly without going through the base station 120/network 130 (eg, sidelink communication) You may. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (eg, vehicle to vehicle (V2V)/vehicle to everything (V2X) communication). Also, the IoT device 100f (eg, a sensor) may communicate directly with another IoT device (eg, a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

Wireless communication/ connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may be performed between the wireless devices 100a to 100f/base station 120 and the base station 120/base station 120 . Here, wireless communication/connection includes uplink/downlink communication 150a and sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations 150c (eg, relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). This may be achieved through radio access technology (eg, 5G NR). Through the wireless communication/ connection 150a, 150b, and 150c, the wireless device and the base station/wireless device, and the base station and the base station may transmit/receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication/ connection 150a , 150b , 150c may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, various configuration information setting processes for transmission/reception of wireless signals, various signal processing processes (eg, channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.) , at least a part of a resource allocation process may be performed.

Wireless devices applicable to the present disclosure

2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a first wireless device 200a and a second wireless device 200b may transmit/receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (eg, LTE, NR). Here, {first wireless device 200a, second wireless device 200b} is {wireless device 100x, base station 120} of FIG. 1 and/or {wireless device 100x, wireless device 100x) } can be matched.

The first wireless device 200a includes one or more processors 202a and one or more memories 204a, and may further include one or more transceivers 206a and/or one or more antennas 208a. The processor 202a controls the memory 204a and/or the transceiver 206a and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202a may process information in the memory 204a to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 206a. In addition, the processor 202a may receive the radio signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 206a, and then store the information obtained from the signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 204a. The memory 204a may be connected to the processor 202a and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202a. For example, the memory 204a may provide instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202a, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. may store software code including Here, the processor 202a and the memory 204a may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206a may be coupled to the processor 202a and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208a. The transceiver 206a may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206a may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 200a and 200b of the present specification may include a narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented in standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is limited to the above-mentioned names. not. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 200a and 200b of the present specification may perform communication based on the LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology may be an example of an LPWAN technology, and may be called various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology is 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described name. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 200a and 200b of the present specification is at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) in consideration of low power communication. It may include any one, and is not limited to the above-mentioned names. For example, the ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

The second wireless device 200b includes one or more processors 202b, one or more memories 204b, and may further include one or more transceivers 206b and/or one or more antennas 208b. The processor 202b controls the memory 204b and/or the transceiver 206b and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202b may process information in the memory 204b to generate third information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206b. In addition, the processor 202b may receive the radio signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206b, and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204b. The memory 204b may be connected to the processor 202b and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202b. For example, the memory 204b may provide instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202b, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. may store software code including Here, the processor 202b and the memory 204b may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206b may be coupled to the processor 202b and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208b. Transceiver 206b may include a transmitter and/or receiver. Transceiver 206b may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 200a and 200b will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 202a, 202b. For example, one or more processors 202a, 202b may include one or more layers (eg, PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource) control) and a functional layer such as service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). The one or more processors 202a, 202b may be configured to process one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. can create The one or more processors 202a, 202b may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and/or flow charts disclosed herein. The one or more processors 202a, 202b generate a signal (eg, a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein. , may be provided to one or more transceivers 206a and 206b. One or more processors 202a, 202b may receive signals (eg, baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 206a, 206b, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flowcharts of operation disclosed herein. PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information may be acquired according to the fields.

One or more processors 202a, 202b may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors 202a, 202b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 202a, 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flow charts disclosed in this document provide that firmware or software configured to perform is included in one or more processors 202a, 202b, or stored in one or more memories 204a, 204b. It may be driven by the above processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and/or a set of instructions.

One or more memories 204a, 204b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a, 202b and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or instructions. One or more memories 204a, 204b may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media and/or It may be composed of a combination of these. One or more memories 204a, 204b may be located inside and/or external to one or more processors 202a, 202b. Additionally, one or more memories 204a, 204b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a, 202b through various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

The one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may transmit user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or flow charts, etc. disclosed herein, from one or more other devices. there is. For example, one or more transceivers 206a , 206b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a , 202b and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Further, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be coupled with one or more antennas 208a, 208b, and the one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be connected via one or more antennas 208a, 208b. , may be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. mentioned in procedures, proposals, methods and/or operation flowcharts. In this document, one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (eg, antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 206a, 206b converts the received radio signal/channel, etc. from the RF band signal to process the received user data, control information, radio signal/channel, etc. using the one or more processors 202a, 202b. It can be converted into a baseband signal. One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may convert user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 202a, 202b from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

Wireless device structure applicable to the present disclosure

3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3 , a wireless device 300 corresponds to the wireless devices 200a and 200b of FIG. 2 , and includes various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. ) can be composed of For example, the wireless device 300 may include a communication unit 310 , a control unit 320 , a memory unit 330 , and an additional element 340 . The communication unit may include communication circuitry 312 and transceiver(s) 314 . For example, communication circuitry 312 may include one or more processors 202a, 202b and/or one or more memories 204a, 204b of FIG. 2 . For example, the transceiver(s) 314 may include one or more transceivers 206a , 206b and/or one or more antennas 208a , 208b of FIG. 2 . The control unit 320 is electrically connected to the communication unit 310 , the memory unit 330 , and the additional element 340 and controls general operations of the wireless device. For example, the controller 320 may control the electrical/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program/code/command/information stored in the memory unit 330 . In addition, the control unit 320 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310 through a wireless/wired interface, or externally (eg, through the communication unit 310) Information received through a wireless/wired interface from another communication device) may be stored in the memory unit 330 .

The additional element 340 may be configured in various ways according to the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element 340 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device 300 may include a robot ( FIGS. 1 and 100a ), a vehicle ( FIGS. 1 , 100b-1 , 100b-2 ), an XR device ( FIGS. 1 and 100c ), and a mobile device ( FIGS. 1 and 100d ). ), home appliances (FIG. 1, 100e), IoT device (FIG. 1, 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, hologram device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, fintech device (or financial device), security device, climate/ It may be implemented in the form of an environmental device, an AI server/device ( FIGS. 1 and 140 ), a base station ( FIGS. 1 and 120 ), and a network node. The wireless device may be mobile or used in a fixed location depending on the use-example/service.

In FIG. 3 , various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules in the wireless device 300 may be all interconnected through a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 310 . For example, in the wireless device 300 , the control unit 320 and the communication unit 310 are connected by wire, and the control unit 320 and the first unit (eg, 130 , 140 ) are connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310 . can be connected In addition, each element, component, unit/unit, and/or module within the wireless device 300 may further include one or more elements. For example, the controller 320 may include one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit 320 may be configured as a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphic processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like. As another example, the memory unit 330 may include RAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof. can be configured.

Mobile device to which the present disclosure is applicable

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobile device applied to the present disclosure.

4 illustrates a portable device applied to the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, a smart watch, smart glasses), and a portable computer (eg, a laptop computer). The mobile device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 4 , the mobile device 400 includes an antenna unit 408 , a communication unit 410 , a control unit 420 , a memory unit 430 , a power supply unit 440a , an interface unit 440b , and an input/output unit 440c . ) may be included. The antenna unit 408 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 410 . Blocks 410 to 430/440a to 440c respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 410 may transmit and receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The controller 420 may control components of the portable device 400 to perform various operations. The controller 420 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 430 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the portable device 400 . Also, the memory unit 430 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 440a supplies power to the portable device 400 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The interface unit 440b may support a connection between the portable device 400 and other external devices. The interface unit 440b may include various ports (eg, an audio input/output port and a video input/output port) for connection with an external device. The input/output unit 440c may receive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal, data, and/or information output from a user. The input/output unit 440c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 440d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit 440c obtains information/signals (eg, touch, text, voice, image, video) output from the user, and the obtained information/signals are stored in the memory unit 430 . can be saved. The communication unit 410 may convert the information/signal stored in the memory into a wireless signal, and transmit the converted wireless signal directly to another wireless device or to a base station. Also, after receiving a radio signal from another radio device or base station, the communication unit 410 may restore the received radio signal to original information/signal. The restored information/signal may be stored in the memory unit 430 and output in various forms (eg, text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit 440c.

Types of wireless devices to which the present disclosure is applicable

5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure.

5 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, and the like, but is not limited to the shape of the vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 500 includes an antenna unit 508 , a communication unit 510 , a control unit 520 , a driving unit 540a , a power supply unit 540b , a sensor unit 540c and autonomous driving. A unit 540d may be included. The antenna unit 550 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 510 . Blocks 510/530/540a to 540d respectively correspond to blocks 410/430/440 of FIG. 4 .

The communication unit 510 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (eg, base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The controller 520 may control elements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 to perform various operations. The controller 520 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 540a may cause the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 to run on the ground. The driving unit 540a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, and the like. The power supply unit 540b supplies power to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 , and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The sensor unit 540c may obtain vehicle state, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 540c includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, and a vehicle forward movement. / may include a reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, and the like. The autonomous driving unit 540d includes a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a predetermined route, and a technology for automatically setting a route when a destination is set. technology can be implemented.

For example, the communication unit 510 may receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 540d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The controller 520 may control the driving unit 540a to move the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 along the autonomous driving path (eg, speed/direction adjustment) according to the driving plan. During autonomous driving, the communication unit 510 may obtain the latest traffic information data from an external server non/periodically, and may acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Also, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 540c may acquire vehicle state and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 540d may update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the newly acquired data/information. The communication unit 510 may transmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous driving route, a driving plan, and the like to an external server. The external server may predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or the like based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicles, and may provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicles.

6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a movable body applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 6 , the moving object applied to the present disclosure may be implemented as at least any one of means of transport, train, aircraft, and ship. In addition, the movable body applied to the present disclosure may be implemented in other forms, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

At this time, referring to FIG. 6 , the mobile unit 600 may include a communication unit 610 , a control unit 620 , a memory unit 630 , an input/output unit 640a , and a position measurement unit 640b . Here, blocks 610 to 630/640a to 640b correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 610 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other mobile devices or external devices such as a base station. The controller 620 may perform various operations by controlling the components of the movable body 600 . The memory unit 630 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the mobile unit 600 . The input/output unit 640a may output an AR/VR object based on information in the memory unit 630 . The input/output unit 640a may include a HUD. The position measuring unit 640b may acquire position information of the moving object 600 . The location information may include absolute location information of the moving object 600 , location information within a driving line, acceleration information, and location information with a surrounding vehicle. The position measuring unit 640b may include a GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 610 of the mobile unit 600 may receive map information, traffic information, and the like from an external server and store it in the memory unit 630 . The position measurement unit 640b may obtain information about the location of the moving object through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit 630 . The controller 620 may generate a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, and location information of a moving object, and the input/output unit 640a may display the generated virtual object on a window inside the moving object (651, 652). Also, the control unit 620 may determine whether the moving object 600 is normally operating within the driving line based on the moving object location information. When the moving object 600 abnormally deviates from the travel line, the control unit 620 may display a warning on the glass window of the moving object through the input/output unit 640a. Also, the control unit 620 may broadcast a warning message regarding the driving abnormality to surrounding moving objects through the communication unit 610 . Depending on the situation, the control unit 620 may transmit the location information of the moving object and information on the driving/moving object abnormality to the related organization through the communication unit 610 .

7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an XR device applied to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 7 , the XR device 700a may include a communication unit 710 , a control unit 720 , a memory unit 730 , an input/output unit 740a , a sensor unit 740b , and a power supply unit 740c . . Here, blocks 710 to 730/740a to 740c may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 710 may transmit/receive signals (eg, media data, control signals, etc.) to/from external devices such as other wireless devices, portable devices, or media servers. Media data may include images, images, and sounds. The controller 720 may perform various operations by controlling the components of the XR device 700a. For example, the controller 720 may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 730 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the XR device 700a/creating an XR object.

The input/output unit 740a may obtain control information, data, etc. from the outside, and may output the generated XR object. The input/output unit 740a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit 740b may obtain an XR device state, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 740b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, a red green blue (RGB) sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone and / or radar or the like. The power supply unit 740c supplies power to the XR device 700a, and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

For example, the memory unit 730 of the XR device 700a may include information (eg, data, etc.) necessary for generating an XR object (eg, AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 740a may obtain a command to operate the XR device 700a from the user, and the controller 720 may drive the XR device 700a according to the user's driving command. For example, when the user intends to watch a movie or news through the XR device 700a, the control unit 720 transmits the content request information to another device (eg, the mobile device 700b) or the communication unit 730 through the communication unit 730 . can be sent to the media server. The communication unit 730 may download/stream contents such as movies and news from another device (eg, the portable device 700b) or a media server to the memory unit 730 . The controller 720 controls and/or performs procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation/processing for the content, and is acquired through the input/output unit 740a/sensor unit 740b An XR object can be created/output based on information about one surrounding space or a real object.

Also, the XR device 700a is wirelessly connected to the portable device 700b through the communication unit 710 , and the operation of the XR device 700a may be controlled by the portable device 700b. For example, the portable device 700b may operate as a controller for the XR device 700a. To this end, the XR device 700a may obtain 3D location information of the portable device 700b, and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the portable device 700b.

8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a robot applied to the present disclosure. For example, the robot may be classified into industrial, medical, home, military, etc. according to the purpose or field of use. In this case, referring to FIG. 8 , the robot 800 may include a communication unit 810 , a control unit 820 , a memory unit 830 , an input/output unit 840a , a sensor unit 840b , and a driving unit 840c . . Here, blocks 810 to 830/840a to 840c may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 810 may transmit and receive signals (eg, driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The controller 820 may control components of the robot 800 to perform various operations. The memory unit 830 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the robot 800 . The input/output unit 840a may obtain information from the outside of the robot 800 and may output information to the outside of the robot 800 . The input/output unit 840a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

The sensor unit 840b may obtain internal information, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like of the robot 800 . The sensor unit 840b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a radar, and the like.

The driving unit 840c may perform various physical operations, such as moving a robot joint. Also, the driving unit 840c may cause the robot 800 to travel on the ground or to fly in the air. The driving unit 840c may include an actuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like.

9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI device applied to the present disclosure. For example, AI devices include TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc. It may be implemented as a device or a mobile device.

Referring to FIG. 9 , the AI device 900 includes a communication unit 910 , a control unit 920 , a memory unit 930 , input/output units 940a/940b , a learning processor unit 940c and a sensor unit 940d. may include Blocks 910 to 930/940a to 940d may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 910 uses wired/wireless communication technology to communicate with external devices such as other AI devices (eg, FIGS. 1, 100x, 120, 140) or an AI server ( FIGS. 1 and 140 ) and wired/wireless signals (eg, sensor information, user input, learning model, control signal, etc.). To this end, the communication unit 910 may transmit information in the memory unit 930 to an external device or transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit 930 .

The controller 920 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 900 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. In addition, the controller 920 may control the components of the AI device 900 to perform the determined operation. For example, the control unit 920 may request, search, receive, or utilize the data of the learning processor unit 940c or the memory unit 930, and may be a predicted operation among at least one executable operation or determined to be preferable. Components of the AI device 900 may be controlled to execute the operation. In addition, the control unit 920 collects history information including user feedback on the operation contents or operation of the AI device 900 and stores it in the memory unit 930 or the learning processor unit 940c, or the AI server ( 1 and 140), and the like may be transmitted to an external device. The collected historical information may be used to update the learning model.

The memory unit 930 may store data supporting various functions of the AI device 900 . For example, the memory unit 930 may store data obtained from the input unit 940a , data obtained from the communication unit 910 , output data of the learning processor unit 940c , and data obtained from the sensing unit 940 . Also, the memory unit 930 may store control information and/or software codes necessary for the operation/execution of the control unit 920 .

The input unit 940a may acquire various types of data from the outside of the AI device 900 . For example, the input unit 920 may obtain training data for model learning, input data to which the learning model is applied, and the like. The input unit 940a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 940b may generate an output related to sight, hearing, or touch. The output unit 940b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 940 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 900 , surrounding environment information of the AI device 900 , and user information by using various sensors. The sensing unit 940 may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. there is.

The learning processor unit 940c may train a model composed of an artificial neural network by using the training data. The learning processor unit 940c may perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server ( FIGS. 1 and 140 ). The learning processor unit 940c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or information stored in the memory unit 930 . Also, the output value of the learning processor unit 940c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or stored in the memory unit 930 .

Physical channels and general signal transmission

In a radio access system, a terminal may receive information from a base station through downlink (DL) and transmit information to a base station through uplink (UL). Information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes general data information and various control information, and various physical channels exist according to the type/use of the information they transmit and receive.

10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applied to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using the same.

In a state in which the power is turned off, the power is turned on again, or a terminal newly entering a cell performs an initial cell search operation such as synchronizing with the base station in step S1011. To this end, the terminal receives a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the base station, synchronizes with the base station, and obtains information such as cell ID. .

Thereafter, the terminal may receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal from the base station to obtain intra-cell broadcast information. Meanwhile, the UE may receive a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step to check the downlink channel state. After completing the initial cell search, the UE receives a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink control channel (PDSCH) according to physical downlink control channel information in step S1012 and receives a little more Specific system information can be obtained.

Thereafter, the terminal may perform a random access procedure, such as steps S1013 to S1016, to complete access to the base station. To this end, the UE transmits a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S1013), and RAR for the preamble through a physical downlink control channel and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel (S1013). random access response) may be received (S1014). The UE transmits a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information in the RAR (S1015), and a contention resolution procedure such as reception of a physical downlink control channel signal and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel signal. ) can be performed (S1016).

After performing the procedure as described above, the terminal receives a physical downlink control channel signal and/or a physical downlink shared channel signal (S1017) and a physical uplink shared channel as a general uplink/downlink signal transmission procedure thereafter. channel, PUSCH) signal and/or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal may be transmitted ( S1018 ).

Control information transmitted by the terminal to the base station is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI is HARQ-ACK / NACK (hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgment / negative-ACK), SR (scheduling request), CQI (channel quality indication), PMI (precoding matrix indication), RI (rank indication), BI (beam indication) ) information, etc. In this case, the UCI is generally transmitted periodically through the PUCCH, but may be transmitted through the PUSCH according to an embodiment (eg, when control information and traffic data are to be transmitted at the same time). In addition, according to a request/instruction of the network, the UE may aperiodically transmit the UCI through the PUSCH.

11 is a diagram illustrating a control plane and a user plane structure of a radio interface protocol applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11 , entity 1 may be a user equipment (UE). In this case, the term "terminal" may be at least one of a wireless device, a portable device, a vehicle, a mobile body, an XR device, a robot, and an AI to which the present disclosure is applied in FIGS. 1 to 9 described above. In addition, the terminal refers to a device to which the present disclosure can be applied and may not be limited to a specific device or device.

Entity 2 may be a base station. In this case, the base station may be at least one of an eNB, a gNB, and an ng-eNB. In addition, the base station may refer to an apparatus for transmitting a downlink signal to the terminal, and may not be limited to a specific type or apparatus. That is, the base station may be implemented in various forms or types, and may not be limited to a specific form.

Entity 3 may be a network device or a device performing a network function. In this case, the network device may be a core network node (eg, a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), etc.) that manages mobility. In addition, the network function may mean a function implemented to perform a network function, and entity 3 may be a device to which the function is applied. That is, the entity 3 may refer to a function or device that performs a network function, and is not limited to a specific type of device.

The control plane may refer to a path through which control messages used by a user equipment (UE) and a network to manage a call are transmitted. In addition, the user plane may mean a path through which data generated in the application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data, is transmitted. In this case, the physical layer, which is the first layer, may provide an information transfer service to a higher layer by using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper medium access control layer through a transport channel. In this case, data may be moved between the medium access control layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Data can be moved between the physical layers of the transmitting side and the receiving side through a physical channel. In this case, the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

A medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer provides a service to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is an upper layer, through a logical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer may support reliable data transmission. The function of the RLC layer may be implemented as a function block inside the MAC. The packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer may perform a header compression function that reduces unnecessary control information in order to efficiently transmit IP packets such as IPv4 or IPv6 in a narrow-bandwidth air interface. . A radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the bottom of the third layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer may be in charge of controlling logical channels, transport channels and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers (RBs). RB may mean a service provided by the second layer for data transfer between the terminal and the network. To this end, the UE and the RRC layer of the network may exchange RRC messages with each other. A non-access stratum (NAS) layer above the RRC layer may perform functions such as session management and mobility management. One cell constituting the base station may be set to one of various bandwidths to provide downlink or uplink transmission services to multiple terminals. Different cells may be configured to provide different bandwidths. The downlink transmission channel for transmitting data from the network to the terminal includes a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, a paging channel (PCH) for transmitting a paging message, and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. there is. In the case of a downlink multicast or broadcast service traffic or control message, it may be transmitted through a downlink SCH or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, as an uplink transmission channel for transmitting data from the terminal to the network, there are a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or a control message. A logical channel that is located above the transport channel and is mapped to the transport channel includes a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast (MTCH) channel. traffic channels), etc.

12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure. As an example, the transmission signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. In this case, the signal processing circuit 1200 may include a scrambler 1210 , a modulator 1220 , a layer mapper 1230 , a precoder 1240 , a resource mapper 1250 , and a signal generator 1260 . In this case, as an example, the operation/function of FIG. 12 may be performed by the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . Also, as an example, the hardware elements of FIG. 12 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . As an example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 . In addition, blocks 1210 to 1250 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 , and block 1260 may be implemented in the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 , and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

The codeword may be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit 1200 of FIG. 12 . Here, the codeword is a coded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (eg, a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (eg, PUSCH, PDSCH) of FIG. 10 . Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1210 . A scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device, and the like. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated by a modulator 1220 into a modulation symbol sequence. The modulation method may include pi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like.

The complex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to one or more transport layers by a layer mapper 1230 . Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1240 (precoding). The output z of the precoder 1240 may be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1230 by the precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transport layers. Here, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (eg, discrete fourier transform (DFT) transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Also, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1250 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include a plurality of symbols (eg, a CP-OFDMA symbol, a DFT-s-OFDMA symbol) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1260 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal may be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1260 may include an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) module and a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, and the like. .

The signal processing process for the received signal in the wireless device may be configured in reverse of the signal processing process 1210 to 1260 of FIG. 12 . For example, the wireless device (eg, 200a or 200b of FIG. 2 ) may receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received radio signal may be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal may be restored to a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codeword may be restored to the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, the signal processing circuit (not shown) for the received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a post coder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

13 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.

Uplink and downlink transmission based on the NR system may be based on a frame as shown in FIG. 13 . In this case, one radio frame has a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). One half-frame may be defined as 5 1ms subframes (subframe, SF). One subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe may depend on subcarrier spacing (SCS). In this case, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP (normal CP) is used, each slot may include 14 symbols. When an extended CP (CP) is used, each slot may include 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or a DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when the normal CP is used, and Table 2 shows the number of slots per SCS when the extended CP is used. Indicates the number of symbols, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe.

0	14	10	One
One	14	20	2
2	14	40	4
3	14	80	8
4	14	160	16
5	14	320	32

2	12	40	4

In Tables 1 and 2, N ^slot _symb may indicate the number of symbols in a slot, N ^{frame, μ} _slot may indicate the number of slots in a frame, and N ^{subframe, μ} _slot may indicate the number of slots in a subframe. .

In addition, in a system to which the present disclosure is applicable, OFDM(A) numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between a plurality of cells merged into one UE. Accordingly, an (absolute time) interval of a time resource (eg, SF, slot, or TTI) (commonly referred to as a TU (time unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

NR may support multiple numerology (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when SCS is 15kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands, and when SCS is 30kHz/60kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and a wider carrier bandwidth, and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it can support a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band is defined as a frequency range of two types (FR1, FR2). FR1 and FR2 may be configured as shown in the table below. In addition, FR2 may mean a millimeter wave (mmW).

Frequency Range designation	Corresponding frequency range	Subcarrier Spacing
FR1	410MHz - 7125MHz	15, 30, 60 kHz
FR2	24250MHz - 52600MHz	60, 120, 240 kHz

Also, as an example, in a communication system to which the present disclosure is applicable, the above-described pneumatic numerology may be set differently. For example, a terahertz wave (THz) band may be used as a higher frequency band than the above-described FR2. In the THz band, the SCS may be set to be larger than that of the NR system, and the number of slots may be set differently, and it is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The THz band will be described later.

14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.

One slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols. A carrier (carrier) includes a plurality of subcarriers (subcarrier) in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of (eg, 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

In addition, a bandwidth part (BWP) is defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.).

A carrier may include a maximum of N (eg, 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through the activated BWP, and only one BWP can be activated for one terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol may be mapped.

6G communication system

6G (wireless) systems have (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) battery- It aims to reduce energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connections, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system may have four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity", and "ubiquitous connectivity", and the 6G system may satisfy the requirements shown in Table 4 below. That is, Table 4 is a table showing the requirements of the 6G system.

Per device peak data rate	1 Tbps
E2E latency	1 ms
Maximum spectral efficiency	100 bps/Hz
Mobility support	up to 1000 km/hr
Satellite integration	Fully
AI	Fully
autonomous vehicle	Fully
XR	Fully
Haptic Communication	Fully

At this time, the 6G system includes enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mmTC), AI integrated communication, and tactile Internet (tactile internet), high throughput (high throughput), high network capacity (high network capacity), high energy efficiency (high energy efficiency), low backhaul and access network congestion (low backhaul and access network congestion) and improved data security ( It may have key factors such as enhanced data security.

15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15 , the 6G system is expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become an even more important technology by providing an end-to-end delay of less than 1 ms in 6G communication. At this time, the 6G system will have much better volumetric spectral efficiency, unlike the frequently used area spectral efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately. In addition, new network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

- Satellites integrated network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. The integration of terrestrial, satellite and public networks into one wireless communication system could be very important for 6G.

- Connected intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary and will update the evolution of wireless from “connected things” to “connected intelligence”. AI may be applied in each step of a communication procedure (or each procedure of signal processing to be described later).

- Seamless integration wireless information and energy transfer: The 6G wireless network will deliver power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

- Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low-Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

In the above new network characteristics of 6G, some general requirements may be as follows.

- Small cell networks: The idea of small cell networks was introduced to improve the received signal quality as a result of improved throughput, energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in cellular systems. As a result, small cell networks are essential characteristics for communication systems beyond 5G and Beyond 5G (5GB). Accordingly, the 6G communication system also adopts the characteristics of the small cell network.

- Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication system. A multi-tier network composed of heterogeneous networks improves overall QoS and reduces costs.

- high-capacity backhaul: The backhaul connection is characterized as a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

- Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the functions of the 6G wireless communication system. Therefore, the radar system will be integrated with the 6G network.

- Softwarization and virtualization: Softening and virtualization are two important functions that underlie the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability. In addition, billions of devices can be shared in a shared physical infrastructure.

Core implementation technology of 6G system

- Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The most important and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will be AI-enabled for full automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Incorporating AI into communications can simplify and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communication. In addition, AI can be a rapid communication in the BCI (brain computer interface). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems, but these are the application layer, network layer, and especially deep learning focused on wireless resource management and allocation. come. However, these studies are gradually developing into the MAC layer and the physical layer, and in particular, attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission in the physical layer are appearing. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in a fundamental signal processing and communication mechanism. For example, deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism, It may include AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, and the like in a physical layer of a downlink (DL). In addition, machine learning may be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, and the like in a MIMO system.

However, the application of DNN for transmission in the physical layer may have the following problems.

Deep learning-based AI algorithms require large amounts of training data to optimize training parameters. However, due to a limitation in acquiring data in a specific channel environment as training data, a lot of training data is used offline. This is because static training on training data in a specific channel environment may cause a contradiction between dynamic characteristics and diversity of a wireless channel.

In addition, current deep learning mainly targets real signals. However, signals of the physical layer of wireless communication are complex signals. In order to match the characteristics of a wireless communication signal, further research on a neural network for detecting a complex domain signal is needed.

Hereinafter, machine learning will be described in more detail.

Machine learning refers to a set of actions that trains a machine to create a machine that can perform tasks that humans can or cannot do. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be roughly divided into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Neural network learning is to minimize output errors. Neural network learning repeatedly inputs training data into the neural network, calculates the output and target errors of the neural network for the training data, and backpropagates the neural network error from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in the direction to reduce the error. ) to update the weight of each node in the neural network.

Supervised learning uses training data in which the correct answer is labeled in the training data, and in unsupervised learning, the correct answer may not be labeled in the training data. That is, for example, learning data in the case of supervised learning related to data classification may be data in which categories are labeled for each of the training data. The labeled training data is input to the neural network, and an error can be calculated by comparing the output (category) of the neural network with the label of the training data. The calculated error is back propagated in the reverse direction (ie, from the output layer to the input layer) in the neural network, and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to the back propagation. The change amount of the connection weight of each node to be updated may be determined according to a learning rate. The computation of the neural network on the input data and the backpropagation of errors can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate may be applied differently depending on the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stages of learning a neural network, a high learning rate can be used to increase the efficiency by allowing the neural network to quickly obtain a certain level of performance, and in the late learning period, a low learning rate can be used to increase the accuracy.

The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, when the purpose of accurately predicting data transmitted from a transmitter in a communication system is at a receiver, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be considered. ) is called

The neural network cord used as a learning method is largely divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent boltzmann machine (RNN) methods. and such a learning model can be applied.

THz (Terahertz) communication

THz communication may be applied in the 6G system. For example, the data rate may be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be accomplished by using sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology.

16 is a diagram illustrating an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure. As an example, referring to FIG. 16 , a THz wave, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally represents a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength in the range of 0.03 mm-3 mm. The 100GHz-300GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered a major part of the THz band for cellular communication. Sub-THz band Addition to mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300GHz-3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the broad band, but at the edge of the broad band, just behind the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band shows similarities to RF.

The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (high directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth produced by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of the THz signal allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This allows the use of advanced adaptive nesting techniques that can overcome range limitations.

optical wireless technology

Optical wireless communication (OWC) technology is envisaged for 6G communication in addition to RF-based communication for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul/fronthaul network connections. OWC technology has already been used since the 4G communication system, but will be used more widely to meet the needs of the 6G communication system. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and free space optical (FSO) communication based on a light band are well known technologies. Communication based on optical radio technology can provide very high data rates, low latency and secure communication. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can also be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communication based on a wide band.

FSO backhaul network

The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Thus, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber optic system. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology to provide backhaul connectivity in 6G systems along with fiber optic networks. Using FSO, very long-distance communication is possible even at distances of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as sea, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

Massive MIMO technology

One of the key technologies to improve spectral efficiency is to apply MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, so does the spectral efficiency. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since the MIMO technology uses multiple paths, a multiplexing technique and a beam generation and operation technique suitable for the THz band should also be considered important so that a data signal can be transmitted through one or more paths.

blockchain

Blockchain will become an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, which is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. The blockchain is managed as a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. It can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data on the blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain in nature perfectly complements IoT at scale with improved interoperability, security, privacy, reliability and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides several features such as interoperability between devices, traceability of large amounts of data, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

3D Networking

The 6G system integrates terrestrial and public networks to support vertical expansion of user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in terms of elevation and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connections significantly different from traditional 2D networks.

quantum communication

In the context of 6G networks, unsupervised reinforcement learning of networks is promising. Supervised learning methods cannot label the massive amounts of data generated by 6G. Unsupervised learning does not require labeling. Thus, this technique can be used to autonomously build representations of complex networks. Combining reinforcement learning and unsupervised learning allows networks to operate in a truly autonomous way.

drone

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will become an important element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connections are provided using UAV technology. A base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and degrees of freedom with controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. A UAV can easily handle this situation. UAV will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. UAVs can also serve several purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, incident monitoring, and more. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

Cell-free Communication

Tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is very important in 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without having to make any manual configuration on the device. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes too many handovers in high-density networks, causing handover failures, handover delays, data loss and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of this and provide better QoS. Cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and different heterogeneous radios of devices.

Wireless information and energy transfer (WIET)

WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, the sensor and smartphone will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery-charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

Integration of sensing and communication

An autonomous wireless network is a function that can continuously detect dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchange information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

Consolidation of access backhaul networks

The density of access networks in 6G will be enormous. Each access network is connected by backhaul connections such as fiber optic and FSO networks. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access and backhaul networks.

holographic beamforming

Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit a radio signal in a specific direction. A smart antenna or a subset of an advanced antenna system. Beamforming technology has several advantages, such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency. Hologram beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that is significantly different from MIMO systems because it uses a software-defined antenna. HBF will be a very effective approach for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

Big Data Analytics

Big data analytics is a complex process for analyzing various large data sets or big data. This process ensures complete data management by finding information such as hidden data, unknown correlations and customer propensity. Big data is gathered from a variety of sources such as videos, social networks, images and sensors. This technology is widely used to process massive amounts of data in 6G systems.

LIS (large intelligent surface)

In the case of the THz band signal, the linearity is strong, so there may be many shaded areas due to obstructions. By installing the LIS near these shaded areas, the LIS technology that expands the communication area, strengthens communication stability and enables additional additional services becomes important. The LIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials, and can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. LIS can be viewed as an extension of massive MIMO, but has a different array structure and operation mechanism from that of massive MIMO. In addition, LIS is low in that it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, that is, only passively reflects the signal without using an active RF chain. It has the advantage of having power consumption. Also, since each of the passive reflectors of the LIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, it can be advantageous for a wireless communication channel. By properly adjusting the phase shift via the LIS controller, the reflected signal can be gathered at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

terahertz (THz) wireless communication

17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, THz wireless communication uses a THz wave having a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 1012 Hz), and uses a very high carrier frequency of 100 GHz or more. It can mean communication. THz wave is located between RF (Radio Frequency)/millimeter (mm) and infrared band, (i) It transmits non-metal/non-polar material better than visible light/infrared light, and has a shorter wavelength than RF/millimeter wave, so it has high straightness. Beam focusing may be possible.

In addition, since the photon energy of the THz wave is only a few meV, it is harmless to the human body. The frequency band expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be a D-band (110 GHz to 170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz to 325 GHz) band with low propagation loss due to absorption of molecules in the air. Standardization discussion on THz wireless communication is being discussed centered on IEEE 802.15 THz working group (WG) in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents issued by TG (task group) (eg, TG3d, TG3e) of IEEE 802.15 are described in this specification. It can be specified or supplemented. THz wireless communication may be applied to wireless recognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, and the like.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 17 , a THz wireless communication scenario may be classified into a macro network, a micro network, and a nanoscale network. In a macro network, THz wireless communication can be applied to a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) connection and a backhaul/fronthaul connection. THz wireless communication in micro networks is applied to indoor small cells, fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections such as wireless connections in data centers, and near-field communication such as kiosk downloading. can be Table 5 below is a table showing an example of a technique that can be used in the THz wave.

Transceivers Device	Available immature: UTC-PD, RTD and SBD
Modulation and coding	Low order modulation techniques (OOK, QPSK), LDPC, Reed Soloman, Hamming, Polar, Turbo
Antenna	Omni and Directional, phased array with low number of antenna elements
Bandwidth	69 GHz (or 23 GHz) at 300 GHz
Channel models	Partially
data rate	100 Gbps
outdoor deployment	No
Fee space loss	High
Coverage	Low
Radio Measurements	300 GHz indoor
Device size	Few micrometers

18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18 , THz wireless communication may be classified based on a method for generating and receiving THz. The THz generation method can be classified into an optical device or an electronic device-based technology.

In this case, the method of generating THz using an electronic device is a method using a semiconductor device such as a resonant tunneling diode (RTD), a method using a local oscillator and a multiplier, a compound semiconductor HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) based There are a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) method using an integrated circuit, a method using a Si-CMOS-based integrated circuit, and the like. In the case of FIG. 18 , a doubler, tripler, or multiplier is applied to increase the frequency, and it is radiated by the antenna through the sub-harmonic mixer. Since the THz band forms a high frequency, a multiplier is essential. Here, the multiplier is a circuit that has an output frequency that is N times that of the input, matches the desired harmonic frequency, and filters out all other frequencies. Also, an array antenna or the like may be applied to the antenna of FIG. 18 to implement beamforming. In FIG. 18 , IF denotes an intermediate frequency, tripler, and multiplier denote a multiplier, PA denotes a power amplifier, and LNA denotes a low noise amplifier. ), PLL represents a phase-locked loop.

19 is a diagram illustrating a method for generating a THz signal applicable to the present disclosure. In addition, FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

19 and 20 , the optical device-based THz wireless communication technology refers to a method of generating and modulating a THz signal using an optical device. The optical element-based THz signal generation technology is a technology that generates a high-speed optical signal using a laser and an optical modulator, and converts it into a THz signal using an ultra-high-speed photodetector. In this technology, it is easier to increase the frequency compared to the technology using only electronic devices, it is possible to generate a high-power signal, and it is possible to obtain a flat response characteristic in a wide frequency band. As shown in FIG. 19 , a laser diode, a broadband optical modulator, and a high-speed photodetector are required to generate an optical device-based THz signal. In the case of FIG. 19 , light signals of two lasers having different wavelengths are multiplexed to generate a THz signal corresponding to a difference in wavelength between the lasers. In FIG. 19 , an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that transmits electrical signals using light waves to provide coupling with electrical insulation between circuits or systems, and UTC-PD (uni-travelling carrier photo- The detector) is one of the photodetectors, which uses electrons as active carriers and reduces the movement time of electrons by bandgap grading. UTC-PD is capable of photodetection above 150GHz. In FIG. 20 , an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) indicates an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a photo detector (PD) indicates a semiconductor device capable of converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, and the OSA indicates various optical communication functions (eg, .

21 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure. Also, FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 21 and 22 , in general, a phase of a signal may be changed by passing an optical source of a laser through an optical wave guide. At this time, data is loaded by changing electrical characteristics through microwave contact or the like. Accordingly, an optical modulator output is formed as a modulated waveform. The photoelectric modulator (O/E converter) is an optical rectification operation by a nonlinear crystal (nonlinear crystal), photoelectric conversion (O / E conversion) by a photoconductive antenna (photoconductive antenna), a bunch of electrons in the light beam (bunch of) THz pulses can be generated by, for example, emission from relativistic electrons. A terahertz pulse (THz pulse) generated in the above manner may have a length in units of femtoseconds to picoseconds. An O/E converter performs down conversion by using non-linearity of a device.

Considering the THz spectrum usage, a number of contiguous GHz bands for fixed or mobile service use for the terahertz system are used. likely to use According to the outdoor scenario standard, available bandwidth may be classified based on oxygen attenuation of 10^2 dB/km in a spectrum up to 1 THz. Accordingly, a framework in which the available bandwidth is composed of several band chunks may be considered. As an example of the framework, if the length of a terahertz pulse (THz pulse) for one carrier is set to 50 ps, the bandwidth (BW) becomes about 20 GHz.

Effective down conversion from the infrared band to the THz band depends on how the nonlinearity of the O/E converter is exploited. That is, in order to down-convert to a desired terahertz band (THz band), the O/E converter having the most ideal non-linearity for transfer to the terahertz band (THz band) is design is required. If an O/E converter that does not fit the target frequency band is used, there is a high possibility that an error may occur with respect to the amplitude and phase of the corresponding pulse.

A terahertz transmission/reception system may be implemented using one photoelectric converter in a single carrier system. Although it depends on the channel environment, as many photoelectric converters as the number of carriers may be required in a far-carrier system. In particular, in the case of a multi-carrier system using several broadbands according to the above-described spectrum usage-related scheme, the phenomenon will become conspicuous. In this regard, a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered. The down-frequency-converted signal based on the photoelectric converter may be transmitted in a specific resource region (eg, a specific frame). The frequency domain of the specific resource region may include a plurality of chunks. Each chunk may be composed of at least one component carrier (CC).

Specific embodiments of the present disclosure

The present disclosure proposes a receiver and an operating method of the receiver to utilize a massive multi input multi output (MIMO) technology essential for communication using a terahertz band. In particular, the present disclosure proposes a receiver structure capable of high-speed power-efficient reception in ultra-wideband communication using multiple antennas or multiple branches using a 1-bit quantizer-based ΣΔ (sigma-delta) ADC (analog to digital converter) do. Thus, the receiver can increase the data rate by enabling higher order modulation in a power efficient system.

In addition, the present disclosure proposes a method of determining a modulation method and a modulation level based on the reception capability of a receiver performing communication using a terahertz band, and a method of variably controlling the modulation method and modulation level according to a transmission/reception communication link environment do. Accordingly, it enables the transmitter and the receiver to perform power and spectrum efficient communication.

23 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 23 , the receiver includes a beam receiver 2310 , a radio frequency (RF) signal processor 2320 , an analog baseband signal converter 2330 , and a digital baseband signal processor 2340 .

The beam receiver 2310 includes a plurality of antenna arrays. Specifically, the beam receiver 2310 may include N _RX antenna arrays. In addition, the beam receiving unit 2310 may include a phase shifter and a signal combiner according to a configuration method of the antenna array. The beam receiver 2310 may receive an external signal through a plurality of antenna arrays, and may align and combine phases of signals received through each of the plurality of antenna arrays.

The RF signal processing unit 2320 includes a low noise amplifier (LNA), an RF filter (eg, a band pass filter (BPF), a low pass filter (LPF), etc.), a gain control amplifier, and a mixer. It may be an RF chain including The RF signal processor 2320 may convert the RF signal received through the beam receiver 2310 into an analog baseband signal. According to the frequency conversion method of the RF chain, at least some RF chain components including the mixer may be connected to each other. The receiver may include N _RF RF signal processing units 2320 .

The analog baseband signal converter 2330 may convert the analog baseband signal obtained from the RF signal processor 2320 into a digital bit stream. The analog baseband signal converter 2330 has resolution and precision capable of sufficiently expressing a signal region supported by a wireless communication network. The analog baseband signal converter 2330 may include N _RF ADCs. The analog baseband signal converter 2330 may include RF ADCs that convert an RF signal into a digital bit stream without a separate procedure.

The digital baseband signal processing unit 2340 demodulates a signal through digital signal processing. The digital baseband signal processing unit 2340 may include a digital filter and a decimation filter. The digital baseband signal processing unit 2340 may obtain N _RF ×N bits from the analog baseband signal conversion unit 2330 , and signal-process the obtained bits to demodulate the signal.

A receiver including a multi-antenna system for receiving an input signal uses a digital beamforming (DBF) method, an analog beamforming (ABF) method, and a digital beamforming method according to a beamforming method of an antenna array. It is divided into a hybrid beamforming (HBF) method in which an analog beamforming method is mixed. Depending on the beamforming method of the antenna array, the number of components included in the receiver may be different. For example, in the case of the DBF scheme, N _RF may be equal to N _RX . On the other hand, in the case of the ABF method, N _RF may be 1. In the case of the HBF scheme, N _RF may be an integer smaller than N _RX .

A specific structure of the receiver according to the beamforming method of the antenna array may be as described below.

24 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a receiver including a sigma-delta (Sigma-delta) ADC (analog to digital converter) applicable to the present disclosure.

24A to 24C , the receiver may include a beam receiver, an RF signal processor, an analog baseband signal converter, and a digital baseband signal processor. The beam receiver may include a plurality of antenna arrays, and may further include phase shifters and signal combiners. The RF signal processing unit may include an RF filter and/or mixers. The analog baseband signal converter may include a ΣΔ converter and a digital processor.

Referring to FIG. 24A , when the beamforming method of the antenna array is the digital beamforming method, the receiver includes RF chains and ADCs connected to each of the antennas. That is, the number of RF chains and ADCs of the receiver is equal to the number of antennas (N _Rx = N _RF ). Therefore, the receiver converts input analog signals acquired through a plurality of ADCs into digital baseband signals, and then applies a receive beam weight to each of the converted signals using a digital processor, compensates for channels, and equalizes to demodulate the signal.

On the other hand, referring to FIG. 24(b), when the beamforming method of the antenna array is the analog beamforming method, the receiver includes one RF chain and ADC (N _RF = 1). Accordingly, the receiver aligns and combines beams of signals received through a plurality of antenna elements, thereby performing signal processing through one RF chain. The receiver converts one analog signal aligned through the ADC into a digital baseband signal and applies the receive beam weight to the digital signal processing method by applying the receive beam weight to the converted signal using a digital processor, The signal is demodulated by compensating and equalizing the channel.

And, referring to FIG. 24(c), when the beamforming method of the antenna array is the hybrid beamforming method, the receiver includes a plurality of (N _Rx ) antenna elements and phase shifters, and according to FIG. 24(a) , includes fewer RF chains and ADCs compared to a digital beamforming receiver (N _Rx » N _RF ). Therefore, the receiver converts input analog signals acquired through a plurality of ADCs into digital baseband signals, and then applies a receive beam weight to each of the converted signals using a digital processor, compensates for channels, and equalizes to demodulate the signal.

The degree of freedom in beam operation and multi-stream support of the receiver is high in the order of the digital beamforming method, the hybrid beamforming method, and the analog beamforming method.

In order to realize a high-speed communication service using an ultra-wide frequency band in the terahertz band, the ADC of the receiver must satisfy the ultra-high-speed sampling rate condition. Also, when communication is performed in a terahertz band, a pathloss of a signal may increase. Therefore, in order to satisfy the ultra-fast sampling rate and overcome the path loss, the receiver may receive a signal from the transmitter by using an ultra-massive MIMO technology. That is, the receiver can overcome the path loss through a high beam gain using a large number of antennas. However, in order to obtain a high beam gain, the receiver must include a very large number of ADCs, and thus, the receiver may consume very high power.

On the other hand, in order to meet the requirements of terahertz band communication, the receiver preferably includes a low-power ultra-high-speed ADC, but faces a practical problem of lowering the resolution of the ADC included in the receiver. In order to meet the requirements of terahertz band communication, technologies for implementing a receiver using a low-resolution ADC including a 1-bit ADC are being actively developed. However, when the resolution of the ADC is simply lowered, the efficiency in a supportable signal band of the receiver may be lowered, so there is a problem in that the data processing speed of the receiver is also reduced. For example, in order to support 64QAM modulation, the resolution required for the ADC is approximately 8 to 10 bits of ENOB (effective number of bits). Therefore, in order to realize ultra-high-speed ultra-wideband communication in the terahertz band, there is a need for an ADC and a receiver using the ADC that support a medium resolution, consume a small amount of power, and support a high processing speed.

Receivers supporting ultra-high-speed communication mainly use flash ADCs, time interleaved pipeline ADCs, and/or time-division successive approximation register (SAR) ADCs.

Flash ADC supports very fast processing speed as 2 ^ENOB -1 comparators are connected in parallel, but due to the large number of parallel chains, the stability is reduced, the resolution is limited, and due to the large number of comparators, the power consumption is very high.

In the case of time-division pipelined ADCs, very high speed can be supported by combining pipelined ADCs and time-division ADCs that combine ADCs and DACs with low resolution of 2-3 bits into multiple serial stages. However, the resolution is still relatively low and the power consumption is large.

Finally, in the case of a time division SAR ADC, a high-speed ADC with relatively high resolution and low power consumption is realized by combining a time division ADC with a SAR ADC capable of low power design.

However, the above-mentioned methods still consume a large amount of power or limit the resolution of the ADC for use in a receiver supporting terahertz band communication.

The present disclosure intends to propose a low-power, high-speed ADC structure having an intermediate resolution by applying the ΣΔ modulation scheme to the operation of a receiver including a plurality of antenna array structures. The receiver can perform ΣΔ modulation by using circuits having a simple structure including a 1-bit quantizer. Therefore, the ADC structure proposed in the present disclosure may minimize the chip area inside the receiver. In addition, when spatial oversampling using a multi-antenna array is applied to the receiver along with ΣΔ modulation, the receiver can achieve high SNR through high-speed noise shaping. Therefore, by applying the structure of the receiver in the present disclosure, it is expected that the receiver will be useful for ultra-high-speed ultra-wideband communication with low power consumption and intermediate resolution of 8 to 10 bits.

It is preferable that the structure of the receiver to be achieved through the present disclosure can satisfy the following requirements. First, the receiver should sufficiently reduce power consumption during the processing time of the entire receiver through the structure of the receiver in the present disclosure. In addition, the receiver must be able to support an operating speed that can satisfy the requirements for terahertz communication through the structure of the receiver in the present disclosure. In addition, the receiver should be able to support the processing time (or delay time) that can satisfy the requirements in terahertz communication through the structure of the receiver in the present disclosure. Finally, through the structure of the receiver, the receiver should be able to provide ENOB of the required level in the THz band communication level.

To satisfy the above requirements, the receiver may include the features described below.

The receiver may reduce the oversampling burden by performing sampling in units of time-division channels on a time-interleaved basis. However, since the Nyquist sampling rate is already high in the ultra-wideband wireless communication network supporting the terahertz band, it may be difficult for the receiver to apply the oversampling-based ΣΔ ADC method. Accordingly, the receiver divides the time-division channel into a plurality of time-interleaved subchannels to cope with ultra-wideband communication. The conventional time division ΣΔ ADC method corresponds to the entire ΣΔ ADC loop to a plurality of time division channels, but the ΣΔ ADC method using a time division subchannel in the present disclosure applies each of a plurality of ΣΔ loops of ΣΔ ADC conversion to each of the time division subchannels. It is different from the existing time division method because it corresponds. According to the method proposed by the present disclosure, the time division subchannel constitutes a basic unit for performing digital processing such as digital filtering and decimation of a result value of one ΣΔ loop.

The receiver may share the oversampling burden by utilizing a plurality of antennas and/or a ΣΔ modulation loop mapped to each of the plurality of antennas. Basically, a ΣΔ ADC includes an anti-aliasing filter (AAF), sample and hold (SAH), a ΣΔ modulator, a digital filter, and a decimation filter. As described above, in the structure of the ΣΔ ADC that requires a very high sampling rate, the receiver of the ultra-wideband communication network is expected to be particularly vulnerable to the processing delay of the SAH. The processing delay of the SAH circuit is due to the delay time of each of the input amplifier, capacitor, output buffer, and switching circuit of the SAH. That is, the settling time in the sample mode (sample mode) of the SAH, the stabilization time according to the transition from the sample mode to the hold mode (sample-to-hold mode), the aperture delay time (aperture delay time) and hold The sum of delay times, such as acquisition time in hold-to-sample mode, is expected to be larger than the sampling time required for ultra-wideband communication.

According to the present disclosure, the receiver distributes each of the ΣΔ modulation loops to different modulators mapped to multiple antennas together with a time division approach to reduce the burden on oversampling.

The receiver may share power consumption by utilizing a plurality of antennas. Basically, the ΣΔ modulator of a ΣΔ ADC includes a differential amplifier, an integrator, and a 1-bit ADC/DAC. The ΣΔ modulator itself may not generate large power dissipation. However, when the receiver wants to achieve a desired resolution and SNR based on a very high OSR, power consumption of the ΣΔ modulator is greatly increased.

According to the present disclosure, the receiver configures the ΣΔ modulation loop chain in units of a plurality of antennas and a ΣΔ modulation loop mapped to each of the plurality of antennas, so that the total power consumption of the ΣΔ ADC can be shared.

In accordance with the above features, the receiver may include the structure and features described below.

25 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 25 , the receiver using the MIMO transmission/reception technique includes a beam receiving unit 2510 , a ΣΔ beam matching unit 2521 , a spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 2522 , a spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converting unit 2523 , and the like. a plurality of spatial ΣΔ ADCs 2520 comprising (N _SD ² _-ADC ≥ 1). A digital baseband signal processing unit 2530 may be included.

Each of the spatial ΣΔ ADCs 2512 may receive an RF signal through the beam receiver 2510 of the receiver. The spatial ΣΔ beam matching unit 2521 of each of the spatial ΣΔ ADCs may align beams of RF signals received through the antennas of the plurality of (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) of the beam receiving unit 2510 . The spatial ΣΔ beam matching unit 2521 is a beam of RF signals to secure synchronization between signals received from a plurality of internal antennas (N _{RF, SD} ² _-ADC ) included in one spatial ΣΔ ADC 2510 . can be sorted. A receiver having the structure proposed in the present disclosure may operate a phase shifter in units of spatial ΣΔ ADC to simultaneously process a plurality of beams. Accordingly, the spatial ΣΔ beam matcher 2521 may compensate for a phase difference between RF signals generated by an incident angle of a signal with respect to each of the plurality of antennas. In addition, the spatial ΣΔ beam matching unit 2521 may additionally combine phase-aligned RF signals according to a receiver structure and an array configuration method, and transmit the combined RF signals to the spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 2522 .

The spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 2522 performs a signal processing operation of the RF signal for the spatial ΣΔ ADC input signal. The spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 2522 may include one or more RF chains according to the beamforming method of the antenna array of the receiver. The output of each of the one or more RF chains may be input to a plurality of sub ΣΔ ADCs included in the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter, rather than being input to one spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter, in a conventional manner and there are some differences. Accordingly, the receiver can share the burden due to sampling among a plurality of sub ? ADCs.

The spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter 2523 includes a plurality of (N _{RF, SD} ² _-ADC ) sub ΣΔ ADCs required to generate one digital bit stream, and includes a digital processor that outputs digital bits do. The spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter 2523 converts the analog baseband signal into a digital bit stream using sub ΣΔ ADCs. The analog baseband signal converter 2523 transmits the converted digital bit stream to the digital baseband signal processor 2530 .

The digital baseband signal processing unit 2530 may obtain a digital bit stream from the plurality of spatial ΣΔ ADCs 2520 . In addition, the digital baseband signal processing unit 2530 may correct mismatching of the digital bit stream and perform digital filtering and decimation.

26 is a diagram illustrating a connection relationship between a plurality of antennas applicable to the present disclosure and a spatial ΣΔ ADC.

Referring to FIG. 26 , the receiver may include a plurality of panels including a spatial ΣΔ ADC. A panel of the receiver includes a plurality of antenna elements and a spatial ΣΔ ADC coupled to the plurality of antenna elements. And the spatial ΣΔ ADC may include a plurality of antenna elements, a phase shifter (or a phase shifter, a phase rotator), an RF chain, a spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter, and a baseband processor. The RF chain may include RF filters, LNAs, and mixers. In addition, the baseband processor may include a digital filter, a decimator, and a digital calibrator. A specific connection relationship of each of the components of the panel of the receiver may be as described below.

27 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a panel of a receiver including a plurality of antennas and a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 27, the receiver panel includes an antenna array 2710 including a plurality of antenna elements, a spatial ΣΔ beam matching unit 2720, a spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 2730, and a spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter ( 2740) may be included.

The spatial ΣΔ beam matcher 2720 may include at least one circuit of a phase shifter, a phase converter, and a phase rotator. The spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 2730 may include an RF chain including a band pass filter, a low noise amplifier (LNA), a mixer, and the like. In addition, the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter 2740 may include a plurality of sub ΣΔ ADCs and a digital processor, and the digital processor may include a digital filter, a decimation filter, and a digital calibrator.

The panel including the spatial ΣΔ ADC may have a different number of components according to a connection method between antenna elements of the antenna array 2710 . When the connection method between the antenna elements of the antenna array 2710 is the full connection method, the panel includes the same number of spatial ΣΔ beam matching units 2720 and spatial ΣΔ as the number of antenna elements (or the number of antennas × the number of RF chains). RF signal processing units 2730 and ΣΔ analog baseband signal converting units 2740 may be included. Alternatively, when the connection method between the antenna elements of the antenna array 2710 is a sub-array method, the panel includes the same number of spatial ΣΔ beam matching units 2720 as the number of antenna elements (or the number of antennas × the number of RF chains), 1 or two spatial ? It may include sub ΣΔ ADCs.

Specific operating characteristics of the spatial ΣΔ beam matching unit and the spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit of the panel including the spatial ΣΔ ADC may be as described below.

28 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of ADC-based oversampling methods for an incident signal through a multi-antenna array applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 28 , when a receiver receives a plane wave signal of a far-field through a plurality of antenna arrays, signals incident through the plurality of antenna arrays are applied to a signal incident through a reference antenna. may be phase-rotated signals. The rotated phase of each of the signals can be expressed as an offset in the time domain. That is, the receiver may sample the plane wave signal by obtaining respective signals having different rotated phases using a plurality of antenna arrays. When the number of the plurality of antenna arrays corresponds to the OSR, the receiver may oversample the plane wave signal.

However, since the rotated phase of each of the different signals varies according to an angle of arrival (AOA) of the signal, the receiver cannot control the OSR. For example, when the receiver receives a signal that is incident on the boresight, the receiver cannot oversample the signal.

According to the present disclosure, a receiver performs analog beam alignment on signals incident through each of a plurality of given antennas. Accordingly, it is assumed that the signals received via each of the antenna elements are identical. In addition, the receiver samples the input signal at different sampling times of the same interval to each of the beam-aligned signals. The interval between sampling times is the symbol time (

) for the OSR halved value (

) can be The receiver may control the oversampling rate for the plane wave signal by quantizing each of the beam-aligned signals at different sampling times and controlling an interval between the sampling times.

According to the present disclosure, the spatial ΣΔ ADC may be essentially a discrete-time (DT) ΣΔ ADC. And, the ΣΔ modulator of the spatial ΣΔ ADC may be a single-stage ΣΔ modulator with a 1-bit internal ADC, DAC. However, the condition regarding the ΣΔ modulator of the spatial ΣΔ ADC is an assumption for convenience in describing the invention and does not mean that the resolution of the internal ADC/DAC and the ΣΔ modulation order for the integrator are limited.

According to the present disclosure, in order to alleviate the burden on the ΣΔ ADC that the ΣΔ ADC has to complete the ΣΔ modulation loop within every oversampling clock, the spatial ΣΔ ADC of the receiver connects the ΣΔ modulation loops to the sub ΣΔ ADCs that are mapped to different antennas. can be dispersed. The sub ΣΔ ADC may be a module that performs an operation for one of the ΣΔ modulation loops of the ΣΔ ADC operation.

29 is a diagram illustrating a signal flow of a sub ΣΔ ADC included in a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 29 , the sub ΣΔ ADC may perform a ΣΔ modulation loop operation. The sub ΣΔ ADC may calculate a difference between the acquired signals using the differential amplifier 2910 . That is, the sub ΣΔ ADC may use the differential amplifier 2910 to calculate a difference between an input signal acquired through a mapped antenna and an output signal acquired from a separate sub ΣΔ ADC. Alternatively, the sub ΣΔ ADC may calculate a difference between an input signal branched from the analog baseband signals and an output signal obtained from a separate sub ΣΔ ADC.

The sub ΣΔ ADC may use a noise shaping filter 2920 to shape noise of a difference between an input signal and an output signal obtained from a separate sub ΣΔ ADC.

The sub ΣΔ ADC may quantize the noise-formed signal using the ADC 2930 and transmit the quantized signal to the baseband processor. In addition, the sub ΣΔ ADC may convert the quantized signal into an analog signal using the DAC 2940 . The sub ΣΔ ADC can pass analog signals to other connected sub ΣΔ ADCs.

The following is the first sub ΣΔ ADC, which is the sub ΣΔ ADC corresponding to the first loop, when the first ΣΔ ADC is extended to multiple branches, and the sub ΣΔ corresponding to the loops between the first and last loops. The signal flow of each of the second sub ΣΔ ADCs that are ADCs and the third sub ΣΔ ADC that is the sub ΣΔ ADC corresponding to the last loop will be described.

30 is a diagram illustrating a signal flow inside a spatial ΣΔ ADC included in a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 30 , the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter may include a plurality of sub ΣΔ ADCs 3010 , 3020 , 3030 , and 3040 . Each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs 3010 , 3020 , 3030 , and 3040 may acquire an analog baseband signal. The SAH modules 3011, 3021, 3031, and 3041 of each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs that have acquired the signal have a sampling time offset (

), temporal oversampling and/or spatial oversampling may be performed at a sampling time of each of the predefined sub ΣΔ ADCs.

Each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs 3010 , 3020 , 3030 , and 3040 performs a ΣΔ modulation operation according to the sequence of sampling times. The number of sub ΣΔ ADCs 3010, 3020, 3030, and 3040 may be equal to the number of OSRs required by the receiver, and each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs 3010, 3020, 3030, and 3040 is one-to-one with respect to the oversampling clock. can be mapped. That is, one sub ΣΔ ADC may be in charge of a ΣΔ modulation loop corresponding to each of the operation clocks of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter. The type of the sub ΣΔ ADC may be one of the following first to third types according to a configuration, a shape, and a mapped oversampling clock.

The first type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3010 may be a sub ΣΔ ADC mapped to the first antenna of the receiver. Alternatively, the first type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3010 may be a sub ΣΔ ADC that converts a signal first branched from an analog baseband signal into a digital signal. The first type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3010 may include a ΣΔ modulator composed of only the SAH 3011 and the internal ADC 3012 and the DAC 3013 . Therefore, the first type of the proposed spatial ΣΔ ADC uses SAH to sample the analog baseband signal at a given sampling time. Alternatively, a sub ΣΔ ADC of the first type of spatial ΣΔ ADC samples a signal branched from the analog baseband signal at a given sampling time using SAH. In addition, the first type of sub ΣΔ ADC may use the ADC 3012 to quantize the sampled analog baseband signal, convert it into a digital signal, and transmit the digital signal to the baseband processor. In addition, the first type sub ΣΔ ADC 3010 converts a digital signal into an analog signal using the DAC 3013 and transfers the analog signal converted from the digital signal to the second type sub ΣΔ ADC 3020 .

The second type of sub ΣΔ ADCs 3020 and 3030 may be sub ΣΔ ADCs mapped to the remaining antennas except for the first and last antennas of the receiver. Alternatively, the second type of sub ΣΔ ADCs 3020 and 3030 may be a sub ΣΔ ADC that converts a signal except for a first branch and a last branch among signals branched from the analog baseband signal into a digital signal. The second type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3020 may include a SAH 3021 , a differential amplifier 3022 , a noise shaping filter 3023 , an internal ADC 3023 , and a DAC 3024 . A second type of sub ΣΔ ADC uses the SAH 3021 to sample an analog baseband signal at a given sampling time. Alternatively, a sub ΣΔ ADC of a second type of spatial ΣΔ ADC uses SAH to sample a signal branched from the analog baseband signal at a given sampling time. In addition, the second type of sub ΣΔ ADC acquires an output signal of the connected sub ΣΔ ADC (eg, the first type of sub ΣΔ ADC). The second type sub ΣΔ ADC 3020 may differentially calculate the output signal obtained from the connected first type sub ΣΔ ADC and the sampled analog baseband signal using the differential amplifier 3022 . The second type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3020 may use the noise shaping filter 3023 to perform noise shaping on a signal obtained as a result of a differential operation. The second type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3020 may use the ADC 3024 to quantize a noise-formed signal and transmit the quantized signal to the baseband processor. In addition, the second type of sub ΣΔ ADC converts the quantized signal into an analog signal using the DAC, and converts the converted analog signal from the quantized signal into the sub ΣΔ of the second type 3030 or third type 3040 . forward to the ADC.

The third type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3040 may be a sub ΣΔ ADC mapped to the last antenna of the receiver. Alternatively, the third type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3040 may be a sub ΣΔ ADC that converts a last branched signal from an analog baseband signal into a digital signal. A third type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3040 may include a SAH 3041 , a differential amplifier 3042 , a noise shaping filter 3043 , and an internal ADC 3023 ). A third type of sub ΣΔ ADC uses the SAH 3041 to sample the analog baseband signal at a given sampling time. Alternatively, a sub ΣΔ ADC of a third type of spatial ΣΔ ADC uses SAH to sample a signal branched from the analog baseband signal at a given sampling time. In addition, the third type sub ΣΔ ADC 3040 obtains an output signal of the connected second type or third type sub ΣΔ ADC. The third type sub ΣΔ ADC 3040 uses the differential amplifier 3042 to differentially calculate an output signal obtained from the connected second or third type sub ΣΔ ADC and the sampled analog baseband signal. . The third type sub ΣΔ ADC 3040 may use the noise shaping filter 3043 to perform noise shaping on a signal obtained as a result of a differential operation. The third type of sub ΣΔ ADC 3040 may use the ADC 3044 to quantize a noise-formed signal and transmit the quantized signal to the baseband processor.

The spatial ΣΔ ADC may generate a digital bit stream by combining output bits of each of the plurality of sub ΣΔ ADCs of the first to third types. A spatial ΣΔ ADC can correct for time-division channel-wise mismatch of the digital bit stream. In addition, the spatial ΣΔ ADC extracts a signal of a band of interest through digital filtering, and may secure an effective frequency band signal by performing decimation on the extracted band of interest signal. The number of the plurality of antennas mapped to the spatial ΣΔ ADC according to the present disclosure may be determined by the modulation order of the OSR and ΣΔ ADC to basically provide ENOB required by the receiver and secure a signal to noise ratio (SNR).

According to the present disclosure, a receiver applies a time division subchannel to each of a plurality of ΣΔ modulation loops. That is, one time-division sub-channel constitutes a basic unit for digital processing such as digital filtering and decimation for the ΣΔ modulation loop. The digital processor may digitally filter and/or decimate the converted digital bit stream in the plurality of time division channels.

31 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 31 , in step S3101, the receiver may receive RF signals through an antenna array, and may align phases of the received RF signals. The spatial ΣΔ beam matching unit of the receiver may compensate for a phase difference of signals for each of the plurality of antennas and match the phases of the signals. In addition, the receiver may combine phase-matched signals according to the structure and array configuration of the receiver.

In step S3103 , the receiver may convert the phase-aligned RF signals into analog baseband signals. The spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit of the receiver uses a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a filter (eg, a band pass filter (BPF), a low pass filter (LPF), etc.) to obtain an RF signal can be filtered, and the RF signal can be converted to an analog baseband signal using a gain control amplifier and mixer.

In step S3105 , the receiver may switch analog baseband signals in units of time division channels to input different analog-to-baseband signal conversion modules. Each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters of the receiver may acquire analog baseband signals of different time division channels having the same distance from each other.

In step S3107, the receiver may sequentially sample the signal in units of time division channels in units of time division subchannels. Each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter can sequentially sample and quantize a time-division channel-based signal in a time-divisional sub-channel unit.

In step S3109, the receiver may digitally process the sampled sub-channel signal. Each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters may perform digital filtering and decimation of the sampled signal in units of time division subchannels. In addition, each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters may transmit a digital bit stream to the digital baseband signal processor of the receiver. The digital baseband signal processing unit may perform digital filtering and decimation of digital bit streams in units of time division channels.

32 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a specific structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 32 , the structure of the receiver may be similar to that of a fully-connected structure between hybrid antenna arrays.

The receiver may include a beam receiving unit 3210 , a ΣΔ beam matching unit 3220 , a spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3230 , a spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converting unit 3240 , and a baseband signal processing unit 3250 .

The beam receiver 3210 may include a plurality of antenna arrays. The ΣΔ beam matching unit 3220 may include N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC × N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC phase shifters (or phase shifters, phase rotators, etc.) and a signal combiner. The spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3230 may include the same number of (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) RF chains as the plurality of antenna arrays. In addition, the receiver may include a plurality of spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters, and each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters may include the same number of sub ΣΔ ADCs as the antennas of the receiver.

According to this embodiment, the receiver may receive RF signals through a plurality of antenna arrays of the beam receiver 3210 . The receiver may align the phases of the RF signals using the N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC × N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC phase shifters of the ΣΔ beam matching unit 3220 . The receiver may align the phase of the beam with respect to multiple beams of each of the antenna elements by using N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC × N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC phase shifters, and the phases of the signals according to the antenna elements By correcting the phase difference of the signals according to the difference and the angle of incidence, the phases of the signals can be matched and aligned. The receiver may additionally combine phase-aligned signals using a beam matcher.

The receiver may filter the combined signal after phase alignment by using the LNA and RF filters of each of the RF chains of the spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3230 . In addition, the receiver may convert a frequency of the filtered signal using a mixer and generate an analog baseband signal. In addition, the receiver may input the analog baseband signal to the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3240 using the AAF.

Each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3240 of the receiver may convert the acquired analog baseband signal into a digital bit stream. The SAH, sub ΣΔ ADC, and digital processor of each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3240 proposed in the present disclosure operate based on a common master clock.

The spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3230 of the receiver may switch analog baseband signals in units of time division channels and input them to different analog-baseband signal conversion modules. That is, analog baseband signals of different time division channels with the same interval

) may be alternately applied to each of the different spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3240 . Space ΣΔ switching time interval for each of the analog baseband signal converter 3240 (

) is the value (

) can be

Each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3240 may include a number of sub ΣΔ ADCs corresponding to the OSR of the receiver. Each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs may sample analog baseband signals of different time division subchannels of the same time division channel at the same interval. The processing time of each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs may be f _s /M.

The first sub ΣΔ ADC of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter 3240 may be a first type sub ΣΔ ADC configured only with a low-resolution internal ADC. The first type sub ΣΔ ADC has a given sampling time (

) can be sampled. here,

indicates the symbol timing,

denotes the sampling time offset for the first sub ΣΔ ADC. And the first sub ΣΔ ADC can quantize the sampled signal. The first sub ΣΔ ADC can pass the quantized signal to a sub ΣΔ ADC that is mapped to the second antenna (or a sub ΣΔ ADC that converts the analog baseband signal of the next branch).

The second to OSR-1 th sub ΣΔ ADCs of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter 3240 may be a second sub ΣΔ ADC including an SAH, an integrator, an internal ADC, and a DAC. The second sub ΣΔ ADC has a given sampling time (

) can be sampled. here,

may indicate the sampling time offset in the k-th sub ΣΔ ADC. In addition, the second sub ΣΔ ADC may obtain an output signal from the sub ΣΔ ADC mapped to the previous antenna (or a sub ΣΔ ADC that converts an analog baseband signal of a previous branch). The second sub ΣΔ ADC performs noise shaping using the difference between the sampled input signal and the acquired output signal, and transmits the quantized signal to the digital filter, and the DAC result is mapped to the next antenna. It is passed to a sub ΣΔ ADC (or a sub ΣΔ ADC that converts the analog baseband signal of the subsequent branch).

The last sub ΣΔ ADC of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter 3240 may be a third type sub ΣΔ ADC including an SAH, an integrator, and an internal ADC. The third sub ΣΔ ADC has a given sampling time (

) can be sampled. The third type sub ΣΔ ADC receives the DAC output from the sub ΣΔ ADC mapped with the previous antenna (or the sub ΣΔ ADC that converts the analog baseband signal of the previous branch) and uses the difference between the input signals to perform noise shaping and transmits the quantized signal to the digital filter.

At this time, the SAH of each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs is prepared in advance in consideration of the time delay to obtain an accurate sampling time (

) to perform sampling, and

keep until At this time, the intervals of the input signal sampling times of each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs are all the same (

).

Specific operations of each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs including the first sub ΣΔ ADC to the last sub ΣΔ ADC of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter 3240 may be as described below.

33 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter included in a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 33 , in step S3301, the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter may obtain a signal in which a phase difference due to an incident angle and an antenna array is corrected. Specifically, the spatial ?

In step S3303, the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter may check the clock count. First, when the clock count value is 0 in step S3305-1, the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter may perform sampling at a sampling time corresponding to the clock count value in step S3307-1. In step S3309 - 1 , the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter may perform the first type ΣΔ ADC of the sampled signal by using the first type sub ΣΔ ADC. In step S3311-1, the first type sub ΣΔ ADC may transmit the quantized signal of the analog baseband signal to the digital filter of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter. In addition, the first type sub ΣΔ ADC may convert the quantized signal of the analog baseband signal into an analog signal using the DAC, and transmit the converted signal to the second type sub ΣΔ ADC.

In step S3305-2, when the clock count value is greater than 0 and less than OSR-1, in step S3307-2, the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter may perform sampling at a sampling time corresponding to the clock count value. In operation S3309 - 2 , the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter may perform the second type ΣΔ ADC of the sampled signal by using the second type sub ΣΔ ADC. Specifically, in step S3309-2, the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter uses the second type sub ΣΔ ADC to convert the output signal of the first type sub ΣΔ ADC (or the second type sub ΣΔ ADC) and the sampled signal. A signal obtained as a result of the differential operation may be quantized. In step S3311 - 2 , the second type sub ΣΔ ADC may transmit the quantized signal of the analog baseband signal to the digital filter of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter. In addition, the second type sub ΣΔ ADC may convert the quantized signal into an analog signal using the DAC, and transmit the converted analog signal to the second or third type sub ΣΔ ADC.

And, when the clock count value is OSR-1 in step S3305-2, in step S3307-3, the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter may perform sampling at a sampling time corresponding to the clock count value. In step S3309-3 , the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter may perform the third type ΣΔ ADC of the sampled signal by using the third type sub ΣΔ ADC. Specifically, in step S3309-3, the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter uses the third type sub ΣΔ ADC to quantize the signal obtained as a result of differential operation between the output signal of the second type sub ΣΔ ADC and the sampled signal. can The third type sub ΣΔ ADC that has performed the ΣΔ ADC in step S3311-3 may transmit the quantized signal to the baseband processor of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter.

In step S3313, the baseband processor of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter can digitally filter the quantized signals obtained from the sub ΣΔ ADCs and perform decimation to convert them into a digital bit stream.

34 is a diagram illustrating sampling times according to an antenna array mapped to a spatial ΣΔ ADC included in a receiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 34 , X(t) may be an analog baseband signal, and the x-axis is a time axis. and N _Rx is A spatial oversampling coefficient may be indicated.

The receiver may quantize the analog baseband signal in units of sampling time during t+τ ₀ to t+τ _N−1 using sub ΣΔ ADCs. The time-wise process of the receiver to quantize the analog baseband signal may be as described below.

35 is a diagram illustrating a processing time diagram of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 35 , a receiver may perform processing on an analog baseband signal in a time division channel unit in a pipeline manner using four spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters. In addition, the receiver may perform processing on the analog baseband signal of the time division subchannel unit in a pipelined manner by using the four sub ΣΔ ADCs of each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters. That is, FIG. 35 shows a processing flow according to time of a receiver including 16 sub ΣΔ ADCs.

Each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters can quantize a signal using four sub ΣΔ ADCs for one time division channel, and perform digital processing on the quantized signal. That is, each of the ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters can convert the time-division channel-unit analog baseband signal into a digital bit stream by correcting the mismatch of the acquired time-division sub-channel units of signals and performing additional digital processing.

36 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a specific structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 36 , the receiver includes a beam receiving unit 3610 , a ΣΔ beam matching unit 3620 , a spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3630 , a spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converting unit 3640 , and a baseband signal processing unit 3650 . may include

The beam receiver 3610 may include a plurality of (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) antenna arrays. The ΣΔ beam matching unit 3620 may include the same number of (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) phase shifters (or phase shifters, phase rotators, etc.) as the antenna array. In addition, the ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3630 may include the same number of (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) RF filters and mixers as the antenna array. In addition, the receiver may include a plurality of spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3640 , and each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3640 may include the same number of sub ΣΔ ADCs as the antenna.

According to the receiver structure proposed in this embodiment, phase shifters (or phase shifters, phase rotators), RF filters, and mixers may be connected to each of the plurality of antennas. In addition, the number of sub ΣΔ ADCs may correspond to the number of time division subchannels.

According to the present embodiment, RF signals may be received through a plurality of antenna arrays of the beam receiver 3610 . The receiver may align the phases of the RF signals by using the N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC phase shifters of the ΣΔ beam matching unit 3620 . That is, the ΣΔ beam matcher 3620 of the receiver may output the number of phase-aligned RF signals corresponding to the OSR of the receiver based on the RF signals of each of the plurality of antennas. In addition, the ΣΔ beam matching unit 3620 may input phase-aligned RF signals to different RF chains of the spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3630 connected to each of the plurality of antennas, respectively. According to an embodiment, the receiver may compensate for the phase difference of each of the RF signals by reflecting the sampling times of the sub ΣΔ ADCs. Accordingly, each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs may perform SAH at the same sampling time. The compensated phase value may be expressed as in Equation 1 below.

According to another embodiment, the receiver may reflect only the beam phase for each of the antenna elements and compensate for the phase difference of each of the RF signals. Each of the sub ΣΔ ADCs may perform SAH at the sampling time of the same interval.

Input through each of the antenna elements, phase compensation (

), each of the received signals is input to the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter 3640 after passing through the RF filter and mixer of the ΣΔ beam matching unit 3620 . The operation of the receiver including the ΣΔ ADCs and the sub ΣΔ ADCs after the phase correction operation of the RF signal may be the same as or similar to that described with reference to FIG. 33 .

37 is a diagram illustrating a third embodiment of a specific structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 37 , the receiver includes a beam receiving unit 3710 , a ΣΔ beam matching unit 3720 , a spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3730 , a spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converting unit 3740 and a baseband signal processing unit 3750 . may include

The beam receiver 3710 may include antenna arrays for performing Nyquist sampling, and each of the antenna arrays may further include antenna elements for performing spatial oversampling. The number of the plurality of antenna elements of the receiver (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) is OSR*SOSR. Here, a spatial oversampling ratio (SOSR) means a spatial oversampling ratio.

The ΣΔ beam matching unit 3720 may include the same number of antenna elements (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) as phase shifters (or phase shifters, phase rotators, etc.). In addition, the ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3730 may include the same number of antenna elements (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) as RF filters and mixers. In addition, the receiver includes a plurality of spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3740, and each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3740 may include the same number of sub ΣΔ ADCs as the antenna elements. .

According to the receiver structure proposed in this embodiment, phase shifters (or phase shifters, phase rotators), RF filters, and mixers may be connected to each of the plurality of antennas. In addition, the number of sub ΣΔ ADCs may correspond to the number of time division subchannels.

According to the present embodiment, RF signals may be received through a plurality of antenna arrays of the beam receiver 3610 . The receiver may align the phases of the RF signals by using the N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC phase shifters of the ΣΔ beam matching unit 3620 .

Phase compensation (

), a different phase is applied for each Nyquist-sampled antenna array element. That is, the received signal obtained from the antenna elements for oversampling is corrected for the phase of the same value as the phase compensation value applied to the received signal obtained from the preceding antenna element for the Nyquist sampling.

Input through each of the antenna elements, phase compensation (

), each of the received signals passes through the RF filter and mixer of the ΣΔ beam matching unit 3720 and is then input to the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converter 3740 . The operation of the receiver including the ΣΔ ADCs and the sub ΣΔ ADCs after the phase correction operation of the RF signal may be the same as or similar to that described with reference to FIG. 33 .

38 is a diagram illustrating a fourth embodiment of a specific structure of a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 38 , the receiver includes a beam receiving unit 3810 , a ΣΔ beam matching unit 3820 , a spatial ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3830 , a spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converting unit 3840 , and a baseband signal processing unit 3850 . may include

The beam receiver 3810 may include a plurality of (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) antenna elements. The ΣΔ beam matching unit 3820 may include the same number of antenna elements (N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC ) as phase shifters (or phase shifters, phase rotators, etc.) and signal combiners. In addition, the ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3830 may include one RF filter and mixer. In addition, the receiver includes a plurality of spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3840, and each of the spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3840 may include the same number of sub ΣΔ ADCs as the antenna elements. .

According to the present embodiment, RF signals may be received through a plurality of antenna elements of the beam receiver 3810 . The receiver may align the phases of the RF signals by using the N _{Rx, SD} ² _-ADC phase shifters of the ΣΔ beam matching unit 3820 . In addition, the receiver may combine the phase-aligned RF signals, and transmit the combined signal to the ΣΔ RF signal processing unit 3830 . The ΣΔ RF signal processor 3830 may transmit an analog baseband signal to each of the connected spatial ΣΔ analog baseband signal converters 3840 .

The operation of the receiver including the ΣΔ ADCs and the sub ΣΔ ADCs after the phase correction operation of the RF signal may be the same as or similar to that described with reference to FIG. 33 .

In the case of THz band communication, the requirement for processing delay speed is expected to be very high, while very high-order modulation may be required to handle Tbps-class ultra-high-speed data transmission. It is expected that it will not be easy for all receivers to satisfy all these requirements, and receivers are expected to have various capabilities depending on the communication environment and characteristics of the receiver for requirements such as bandwidth, processing delay rate, and data rate.

On the other hand, the ADC resolution of the receiver directly affects the reception performance capability of the receiver. Specifically, the ADC resolution of the receiver may limit the reception capability for modulation levels and methods, and may affect computational complexity and processing latency. In the case of the spatial ΣΔ ADC proposed in the present invention, the resolution of the spatial ΣΔ ADC is determined with respect to the ΣΔ modulation order and the number of ΣΔ modulation loops (or the number of antennas). In addition, supportable modulation methods and modulation levels may vary according to the resolution of the spatial ΣΔ ADC. That is, the ADC configuration and performance of the receiver may vary depending on the receiver capability.

Therefore, the present disclosure defines the reception capability of the receiver including the spatial ΣΔ ADC, and reports the reception capability information of the receiver to the transmitter (or the network including the transmitter), thereby efficiently supporting communication with the receiver with limited performance suggest a way to

39 is a diagram illustrating a communication operation between a transmitter and a receiver including a spatial ΣΔ ADC applicable to the present disclosure. 39 illustrates signal exchange between a transmitter and a receiver.

Referring to FIG. 39 , a transmitter 3910 may include a base station as a device including a signal transmission module in a wireless communication network, and a receiver 3920 may direct a terminal to a device including a signal reception module. The transmitter 3910 and the receiver 3920 of the wireless communication network may perform communication by defining transmission/reception capabilities in advance and exchanging information on transmission/reception capabilities. That is, the transmitter 3910 may transmit transmission capability information of the transmitter to the receiver 3920 .

A wireless communication network supports a table defining modulation and coding methods for a plurality of modulation schemes and modulation levels. In particular, the wireless communication network defines a plurality of modulation schemes for various power efficiencies, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table set having a plurality of modulation levels for differentiated spectral efficiencies. The transmitter 3910 may support at least some MCS sets among the MCS table sets. In addition, the receiver 3920 may support at least some MCSs among the MCS sets supported by the transmitter.

First, as shown in Table 6, the power efficiency-based MCS set may define a plurality of MCS sets including a modulation scheme defined for a multi-amplitude level and a modulation scheme defined for a single amplitude level.

Type 1	High power efficiency	QAM-based MCS set
Type 2	Medium Power Efficiency	APSK-based MCS set
Type 3	Low power efficiency	PSK based MCS set

In the MCS set based on the degree of power efficiency according to an embodiment, the Type 1 MCS set may be a QAM modulation scheme-based MCS set. Also, the Type 2 MCS set may be an APSK modulation scheme-based MCS set. And the Type 3 MCS set may be a PSK modulation scheme-based MCS set.

And as shown in Table 7, the spectrum efficiency-based MCS set can classify the spectral efficiency levels for each type according to the maximum modulation level.

Type A	Extremely low spectral efficiency
Type B	Very low spectral efficiency
Type C	Low spectral efficiency
Type D	Medium Spectral Efficiency
Type E	High spectral efficiency

Accordingly, an MCS set including a plurality of MCS sets in consideration of power efficiency and spectrum efficiency may be configured as shown in Table 8.

	Type 1	Type 2	Type 3
Type A	QPSK	QPSK	QPSK
Type B	16QAM	8PSK	8PSK
Type C	64QAM	16APSK	16PSK
Type D	256QAM	32APSK	32PSK
Type E	1024QAM	64APSK	64PSK

In step S3901 , the transmitter 3910 may transmit a reception capability report request message for requesting the receiver 3920 to report reception capability information. The transmitter 3910 may determine at least some MCS sets that can be supported from among the MCS sets based on transmission capability. In addition, the transmitter 3910 may transmit a reception capability report request message.

In step S3903 , the receiver 3920 may transmit reception capability information determined based on the ADC performance possessed to the transmitter 3910 . That is, the receiver 3920 may transmit a reception capability report message including reception capability information determined based on the possessed ADC performance to the transmitter 3910 (or a network including the same). The receiver 3920 may determine reception capability information corresponding to the transmission capability information received from the transmitter 3910 . The receiver 3920 may determine one or more supportable modulation schemes based on ADC performance and capability information about a maximum supportable modulation level according to the modulation scheme. The reception capability information may be calculated based on at least one of a resolution of an ADC included in the receiver 3920 and a power situation of the receiver, and the resolution of the ADC is based on information on at least one of a ΣΔ modulation order of the ADC and OSR of the ADC can be determined as

The modulation scheme and modulation level supported by the receiver 3920 may be one of the modulation scheme and modulation level included in the MCS table set supported by the transmitter 3910 .

According to an embodiment, the receiver 3920 may change and report a channel and a situation and/or state of the receiver 3920 within the capability of the receiver 3920 having a modulation scheme and/or a modulation level. In addition, the receiver 3920 may report receiver 3920 status information, which is additional information for allowing the transmitter 3910 to determine a modulation scheme and a modulation level for the receiver 3920 . The receiver 3920 state information may include power state (eg, battery state, etc.) information.

According to an embodiment, the receiver 3920 may detect a channel and a state of the receiver 3920 and/or a change in state. In addition, the receiver 3920 may report the receiver 3920 changed state information, which is additional information for allowing the transmitter 3910 to determine a modulation scheme and a modulation level for the receiver 3920 . Specifically, the receiver 3920 detecting the change in the power state and the channel state may request the transmitter 3910 a resource for transmitting the changed receiver capability change report message. The transmitter 3910 may allocate resources for transmitting the capability change report message of the receiver according to the request of the receiver 3920 . Accordingly, the receiver 3920 detecting the change in the power state and the channel state may transmit a capability change report message of the receiver to the transmitter 3910 using the resource allocated from the transmitter 3910 . The capability change report message of the receiver may include power status information and channel status information of the receiver 3920 .

According to one embodiment, the receiver 3920 adjusts the required number of ADC bits based on the power condition (eg, battery condition, etc.), and a reception capability including a modulation method and modulation level suitable for the adjusted number of ADC bits. information can be reported. For example, when the battery power of the receiver 3920 is lower than a preset threshold, the receiver 3920 may report the capability for the MCS set having low power efficiency and low spectral efficiency. On the other hand, when the battery power of the receiver 3920 is equal to or greater than a preset threshold, the receiver 3920 may report the capability of the MCS set having high power efficiency and high spectral efficiency.

In step S3905 , the transmitter 3910 may transmit the determined MCS information of the transmitter 3910 to the receiver 3920 . The transmitter 3910 may determine the MCS set to be applied in the communication link based on the reception capability information of the receiver 3920 and the transmission capability information of the transmitter 3910 , the channel state with the receiver 3920 , the transmitter 3910 and the receiver In 3920 , the MCS set may be changed within the capabilities of the receiver 3920 according to each state. The transmitter 3910 may transmit MCS information including the determined MCS set or the changed MCS set to the receiver 3920 .

In step S3907 , the transmitter 3910 may communicate with the receiver 3920 by transmitting a signal modulated based on the determined MCS set. That is, the transmitter 3910 may modulate and transmit data using the MCS included in the determined MCS set, and the receiver 3920 may receive modulated data from the transmitter 3910 based on the determined MCS. The receiver 3920 may measure channel quality information (CQI) of a received signal based on the determined MCS set, and may transmit a status information report message including the MCS information and the measured CQI to the transmitter 3910 .

According to an embodiment, in transmitting the status information report message including the MCS information and the CQI of the measured received signal, the receiver 3920 requires the ADC bit in real time according to the power condition (eg, battery status, etc.) By adjusting the number, the MCS information can be changed in consideration of a modulation level suitable for the adjusted number of ADC bits. In addition, the receiver 3920 may transmit a status information report message including the adjusted number of ADC bits and the changed MCS information to the transmitter 3910 .

According to an embodiment, the 4-bit MCS table is {QPSK {1:3}, 16QAM {4:6}, 64QAM {7:11}, 256QAM {12:15}}, such as the transmitter 3910 and the receiver (3920) assumes the negotiated situation. When the MCS determined by the receiver 3920 based on the currently estimated channel state information is 14, the receiver 3920 changes to the supportable MCS 3 when the battery power is very low in consideration of the power situation. Accordingly, the receiver 3920 can report the requirements at the receiver 3920 without increasing the feedback overhead. However, in this case, the transmitter 3910 may schedule a modulation scheme, a modulation level, and an MCS arbitrarily without considering the power situation of the receiver 3920 .

For example, a 4-bit MCS table is {QPSK {1:3}, 16QAM{4:6}, 64QAM{7:11}, 256QAM{12:15}}, and a 2-bit battery status table is {Low{ 0}, middle {1}, High {2}}, it is assumed that the MCS table and the battery state table are negotiated between the transmitter 3910 and the receiver 3920 . When the channel state information currently estimated by the receiver 3920 is MCS 14 and the power state information (PSI) is PSI 0, the receiver 3920 transmits the PSI along with the CQI for the current MCS 14 to the transmitter ( 3910). When the receiver 3920 additionally reports the PSI along with the CQI, a feedback overhead may be partially increased. The transmitter 3910 may schedule a modulation scheme, a modulation level, and an MCS in consideration of not only CQI information but also the power state of the receiver 3920 .

Since examples of the above-described proposed method may also be included as one of the implementation methods of the present disclosure, it is clear that they may be regarded as a kind of proposed method. In addition, the above-described proposed methods may be implemented independently, or may be implemented in the form of a combination (or merge) of some of the proposed methods. Rules may be defined so that the base station informs the terminal of whether the proposed methods are applied or not (or information on the rules of the proposed methods) through a predefined signal (eg, a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal) to the terminal. .

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential characteristics described in the present disclosure. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as restrictive in all respects but as exemplary. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, claims that are not explicitly cited in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment, or may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various wireless access systems. As an example of various radio access systems, there is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or a 3GPP2 system.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied not only to the various radio access systems, but also to all technical fields to which the various radio access systems are applied. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems using very high frequency bands.

Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications such as free-running vehicles and drones.

Claims (15)

1. A receiver in a wireless communication network, comprising:

   a matching unit for aligning phases of radio frequency (RF) signals received through each of the plurality of antennas;

   a processing unit converting the phase-aligned RF signals into analog baseband signals; and

   a plurality of converters for converting the analog baseband signals into a digital bit stream;

   Each of the plurality of conversion units,

   Combining output signals of a plurality of sub-converters mapped to each of the plurality of antennas and converting them into the digital bit stream,

   The plurality of sub-transformers are

   a first sub-converter for quantizing a first signal branched from the analog baseband signals; and

   A second sub-transformer for quantizing a difference between an output signal obtained from a connected sub-converter and a second signal branched from the analog baseband signals among the plurality of sub-converters; and a receiver.
2. The method according to claim 1,

   The first sub-transformation unit,

   converting the first signal into a digital signal;

   converting the digital signal into an analog signal,

   A receiver for transferring the analog signal to the second sub-conversion unit.
3. The method according to claim 1,

   The second sub-transformation unit,

   differential operation of the output signal obtained from the connected sub-conversion unit and the second signal,

   Noise shaping the signal obtained as a result of the differential operation,

   A receiver that converts the signal obtained as a result of the noise shaping into a digital signal.
4. The method according to claim 1,

   The matching part,

   A receiver that combines phase-aligned RF signals and delivers the combined RF signals to the processing unit.
5. The method according to claim 1,

   The plurality of conversion units,

   Converting an analog baseband signal branched in units of time division channels having the same time length into a digital bit stream, and correcting mismatch in units of time division channels of the digital bit stream;

   The plurality of sub-transformers are

   A receiver for quantizing the branched analog baseband signal in units of time division subchannels having the same time length of the same time division channel.
6. The method according to claim 1,

   The matching part,

   Based on the RF signal of each of the plurality of antennas, outputting a number of phase-aligned RF signals corresponding to an oversampling rate (OSR) of the receiver,

   and inputting the phase-aligned RF signals into different RF chains of the processing unit coupled to each of the plurality of antennas.
7. A method of operating a receiver in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:

   aligning phases of radio frequency (RF) signals received through each of the plurality of antennas;

   converting the phase aligned RF signals to analog baseband signals;

   switching the analog baseband signals in units of time division channels and inputting them to different converters; and

   and sequentially sampling the analog baseband signals in units of time division channels in units of time division subchannels.
8. 8. The method of claim 7,

   combining the phase aligned RF signals;

   The converting to the analog baseband signals comprises:

   converting combined RF signals into the analog baseband signals.
9. 8. The method of claim 7,

   The step of switching the analog baseband signals in units of time division channels and inputting them to different converters comprises:

   An operation method of inputting analog baseband signals of different time division channels having the same distance to each other to the different conversion units.
10. 8. The method of claim 7,

    Sequentially sampling in units of the time division subchannel comprises:

    An operation method for sampling analog baseband signals of different time division subchannels of the same time division channel at equal intervals.
11. 8. The method of claim 7,

    Aligning the phases of the RF signals comprises:

    Outputting a number of phase-aligned RF signals corresponding to an oversampling rate (OSR) of the receiver based on the RF signals of each of the plurality of antennas.
12. A method of operating a receiver in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:

    Receiving a message requesting a reception capability (capability) report of the receiver from the transmitter;

    transmitting a reception capability report message including reception capability information of the receiver to the transmitter;

    receiving, from the transmitter, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information determined by the transmitter based on the reception capability information; and

    Receiving a signal modulated based on the MCS,

    The reception capability information is,

    determined based on at least one of a resolution of an analog to digital converter (ADC) of the receiver and a power situation of the receiver.
13. 13. The method of claim 12,

    The receiver's capability report message is,

    Further comprising the power status information of the receiver,

    The MCS of the transmitter,

    The method is determined based on the reception capability information and the power status information of the receiver.
14. 13. The method of claim 12,

    measuring channel quality information (CQI) of the modulated signal based on the MCS; and

    and transmitting a status information report message including the CQI and power status information of the receiver.
15. 14. The method of claim 13,

    detecting a change in the power condition of the receiver; and

    The method further comprising the step of transmitting a capability change report message of the receiver including the change information of the power status of the receiver.

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