WO2022042444A1 - 周期可调的液晶光栅、光波导组件及显示设备 - Google Patents

周期可调的液晶光栅、光波导组件及显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022042444A1
WO2022042444A1 PCT/CN2021/113787 CN2021113787W WO2022042444A1 WO 2022042444 A1 WO2022042444 A1 WO 2022042444A1 CN 2021113787 W CN2021113787 W CN 2021113787W WO 2022042444 A1 WO2022042444 A1 WO 2022042444A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode
light
liquid crystal
layer
period
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马珂奇
向恩来
赵瑜
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Ningbo Sunny Opotech Co Ltd
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Ningbo Sunny Opotech Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202180055346.XA priority Critical patent/CN116324602A/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133524—Light-guides, e.g. fibre-optic bundles, louvered or jalousie light-guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/005—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto
    • G03B21/006—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto using LCD's

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of optical transmission, in particular to a liquid crystal grating with adjustable period, an optical waveguide assembly and a display device.
  • Display devices are mainly used to display pictures or videos to human eyes, and display devices can be widely used in fields such as virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality or military.
  • the display device mainly includes a projector light machine and an optical waveguide assembly.
  • the projector light machine outputs image light to the optical waveguide assembly, and the optical waveguide assembly is used to receive the image light and diffract and transmit the image light to the left and right eyes to form a 3D effect.
  • the image light has multiple colors of light, and the wavelengths of the different colors of light are different, resulting in different diffraction angles of the different colors of light, and the diffraction efficiency of different colors of light in the same grating structure is also different, resulting in dispersion or color shift.
  • Color shift refers to the color deviation caused when different colors of light are not mixed in the expected proportions).
  • the main purpose of the present application is to provide a liquid crystal grating with adjustable period to solve the problem of color shift or dispersion.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a liquid crystal grating with adjustable period, including:
  • a protective layer arranged opposite to the base at intervals;
  • liquid crystal layer including a plurality of liquid crystals
  • the two alignment film layers are respectively located on both sides of the liquid crystal layer and between the substrate and the protective layer, and the alignment film layers are used to specify the initial director of the liquid crystal;
  • the driving electrode layer disposed opposite to the common electrode layer and located on the outer sides of the two alignment film layers and between the substrate and the protective layer, the driving electrode layer includes a first electrode and a second electrode , the first electrode and the second electrode respectively have a plurality of control deflection parts of equal width and equal spacing and connected in series, and the sum of the width of the control deflection part and the distance between the control deflection parts is defined as a structural period,
  • the liquid crystal deflection director in the coverage area of the first electrode and/or the second electrode to which the voltage is applied controls the deflection portion to form a grating structure, diffracting the light incident on the liquid crystal grating,
  • the grating period of the liquid crystal grating is switched, so as to diffract light with different wavelengths and ensure a constant diffraction angle.
  • the driving electrode layer is a single-layer structure, the first electrode and the second electrode are located in the same layer, and the structure periods of the first electrode and the second electrode are different;
  • the first electrode is in a voltage-applied state when configured to diffract the first light
  • the second electrode is in a voltage-applied state when configured to diffract the second light.
  • the first light is blue light and part of green light
  • the second light is red light and another part of green light
  • the structural period of the first electrode is 300 nm ⁇ 400 nm
  • the structural period of the second electrode is 600 nm ⁇ 800 nm.
  • the driving electrode layer is a single-layer structure, the first electrode and the second electrode are located in the same layer, and the structure period of the first electrode and the second electrode is the same;
  • the first electrode or the second electrode is in a voltage-applied state when configured to diffract a first light, and the first electrode and the second electrode are in a common voltage-applied state when configured to diffract a second light.
  • the first light is red light and part of green light
  • the second light is blue light and another part of green light
  • the side of the first electrode with the control deflection portion is opposite to the side of the second electrode with the control deflection portion, and the control deflection portion of the first electrode or the second electrode
  • the control deflection portion of the can be inserted into the gap between the two control deflection portions of the second electrode or the two control deflection portions of the first electrode.
  • the driving electrode layer is a multi-layer (eg, double-layer) structure, including at least two layers, the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively located in the two layers, so The structure periods of the first electrode and the second electrode are different;
  • the first electrode is in a voltage-applied state when it is configured to diffract the first light
  • the second electrode is in a voltage-applied state when it is configured to diffract the second light.
  • the first light is blue light and part of green light
  • the second light is red light and another part of green light
  • the structure period of the first electrode is 300 nm ⁇ 600 nm
  • the structure period of the second electrode is 500 nm ⁇ 800 nm.
  • the driving electrode layer further includes a third electrode, the third electrode has a plurality of control deflection parts of equal width and equal spacing and connected in series, the first electrode, the second electrode and the The structure periods of the third electrodes are different;
  • the first electrode is in a voltage-applied state when configured to diffract a first light
  • the second electrode is in a voltage-applied state when configured to diffract a second light
  • the third electrode is in a voltage-applied state when configured to diffract a third light .
  • the first light is blue light
  • the second light is green light
  • the third light is red light
  • the driving electrode layer is a multi-layer (eg, double-layer) structure, including at least two layers, and two layers are used for the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode.
  • the patterns in which the electrodes are arranged in a co-layer and the other electrodes are arranged individually are located in the two layers, respectively.
  • the driving electrode layer has a three-layer structure including three layers, and the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode are respectively located in the three layers.
  • the structural period of the first electrode is 400 nm-500 nm
  • the structural period of the second electrode is 500 nm-600 nm
  • the structural period of the third electrode is 600 nm-700 nm.
  • the common electrode layer and the driving electrode layer are ITO conductive layers.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an optical waveguide assembly, including:
  • Waveguide sheet for total reflection and transmission of light in it
  • a coupling unit disposed on a surface of the waveguide sheet, for coupling light into the waveguide sheet, the coupling unit is the liquid crystal grating described in any one of the above embodiments;
  • a coupling-out unit which is arranged on the same surface of the waveguide sheet as the coupling-in unit, is used for coupling light out of the waveguide sheet to a visible area
  • the coupling-out unit is any one of the above-mentioned implementations
  • the grating period of the coupling-out unit is switched synchronously with the grating period of the coupling-in unit, so that light of the same wavelength can be coupled in and then coupled out.
  • the thickness of the waveguide sheet is 0.3 mm ⁇ 2.5 mm, and the refractive index is 1.4 ⁇ 2.2.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a display device, including:
  • optical waveguide assembly is the optical waveguide assembly described in any one of the above embodiments, and the coupling-in unit and the coupling-out unit of the optical waveguide assembly synchronously switch out the wavelength of the light projected by the optical projector in turn corresponding grating period, so that the coupling-in unit couples the light projected by the projector into the waveguide sheet of the optical waveguide assembly, and the waveguide sheet transmits the light to the coupling-out unit,
  • the coupling-out unit couples the light out to the visible area
  • the light projector projects light with different wavelengths in sequence at a certain frequency, and the frequency of switching the corresponding grating period by the coupling-in unit and the coupling-out unit is consistent with the frequency of the projected light.
  • the light projector projects two wavelengths of light, and the projection frequency is not less than 120 Hz.
  • the light projector projects two wavelengths of light, which are respectively a first light and a second light, the first light is blue light and a part of green light with a wavelength close to blue light, and the second light is Red light and another part of green light with wavelengths close to red.
  • the light projector projects three wavelengths of light, which are respectively a first light, a second light and a third wavelength, the first light is blue light, and the second light is green light , the light of the third wavelength is red light.
  • the light projector projects at least partially linearly polarized light.
  • the light projector includes an lcos display.
  • a first electrode and a second electrode are arranged in the driving electrode layer, and the first electrode and the second electrode respectively have a plurality of control deflection parts of equal width and equal spacing and connected in series.
  • a voltage is applied to the first electrode and/or the second electrode to switch the grating period of the liquid crystal grating, so as to solve the problem of color shift and dispersion caused by diffracting light of different wavelengths.
  • the liquid crystal grating provided by the present application can switch the period, it can diffract light of different wavelengths without the problem of chromatic dispersion and dispersion, that is, it can diffract light of different colors, so that the display device with the liquid crystal grating provided by the present application does not need to be on the waveguide sheet.
  • a full-color display can be realized by stacking multiple sets of coupled-in and coupled-out gratings, which makes the display device relatively light, thin, and compact, and because the grating period is equivalent to the wavelength of light, the diffraction efficiency is high, and the incident light angle range is large, and the application can be applied.
  • the display device of the provided liquid crystal grating has a large viewing angle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal grating with adjustable period provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving electrode layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a working state of a liquid crystal grating provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving electrode layer provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal grating provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the driving electrode layer of the liquid crystal grating shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical waveguide assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in the prior art.
  • the display device includes a projector 1 and an optical waveguide assembly 2
  • the optical waveguide assembly 2 includes a waveguide sheet 21 and a coupling-in grating 22 and an out-coupling grating 23 provided on the waveguide sheet 21 .
  • the projector 1 projects light to the coupling grating 22
  • the coupling grating 22 diffracts the light to couple the light into the waveguide sheet 21 .
  • the light is totally reflected and transmitted in the waveguide plate 21 to transmit the light to the outcoupling grating 23
  • the outcoupling grating 23 diffracts the light to couple the light out of the waveguide plate 21 to the visible area and be observed by the human eye.
  • the light projected by the light projector 1 is visible light, and visible light has various colors, and light wavelengths of different colors are different.
  • the exit angle of light diffraction is related to the wavelength and the grating period, and the exit angles of light of different wavelengths after being diffracted by the same grating are different, so dispersion or color shift will occur.
  • the present application proposes a liquid crystal grating with adjustable grating period, so that when light of different wavelengths needs to be diffracted, it is switched to the corresponding period, so that the exit angle of the diffracted light is the same, so as to solve the problem of dispersion or color shift. question.
  • the projector 1 While red, green and blue light is the basic color light, the projector 1 only needs to project the three color lights, and can display light of other colors through the superimposed combination of two or three colors. Furthermore, the grating only needs to diffract light of the three wavelengths, and the liquid crystal grating with adjustable period provided by the present application only needs to be able to switch out two periods or three periods.
  • Red light has the longest wavelength and a wavelength range of 622nm to 760nm
  • green light has a middle wavelength and a wavelength range of 492nm to 577nm
  • blue light has the shortest wavelength and a wavelength range of 435nm to 450nm.
  • a portion of the green light has a wavelength similar to that of red light
  • another portion of green light has a wavelength similar to that of blue light
  • the grating can then be set to switch between two periods.
  • the grating is the first period, it is used to diffract red light and a part of green light.
  • the grating is of the second period, it is used to diffract blue light and another part of green light.
  • the grating can also be set to be able to switch out of three periods: when the grating is the first period, it is used to diffract red light; when the grating is the second period, it is used to diffract the green light; when the grating is the third period, it is used to diffract red light. to diffracted blue light.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal grating with adjustable period provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving electrode layer provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the liquid crystal grating with adjustable period provided by this embodiment includes:
  • the protective layer 4 is arranged opposite to the substrate 3 at intervals;
  • the liquid crystal layer 5 includes a plurality of liquid crystals 51;
  • the two alignment film layers 6 are respectively located on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 5 and between the substrate 3 and the protective layer 4, and the alignment film layers 6 are used to give the initial director of the liquid crystal 51;
  • the driving electrode layer 8 is arranged opposite to the common electrode layer 7 and is located on the outer sides of the two alignment film layers 6 and between the substrate 3 and the protective layer 4.
  • the driving electrode layer 8 includes a first electrode 81 and a second electrode 82.
  • the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 respectively have a plurality of control deflection portions 83 of equal width and equal spacing and connected in series.
  • the sum of the width of the control deflection portions 83 and the distance between the control deflection portions 83 is defined as a structural period.
  • the deflection director of the liquid crystal 51 in the area covered by the control deflection part 83 of the first electrode 81 and/or the second electrode 82 to which the voltage is applied is deflected.
  • the light incident on the liquid crystal grating is diffracted, and the liquid crystal 51 deflecting the director in the liquid crystal layer 5 constitutes the grating period of the liquid crystal grating (that is, the structural period of the first electrode 81 and/or the second electrode 82 is the grating period of the liquid crystal grating) , .
  • the grating period of the liquid crystal grating is switched, so as to diffract light of different wavelengths and ensure a constant diffraction angle.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a working state of a liquid crystal grating provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the light passing through the liquid crystal 51 whose director is changed will generate a birefringence effect and become two beams of light, namely ordinary light and extraordinary light.
  • the ordinary light and the extraordinary light have different refractive indices, resulting in a phase difference between the ordinary light and the extraordinary light when they are transmitted in the liquid crystal 51 molecules, thereby realizing the phase modulation of the light, that is, forming a phase grating.
  • the structural period of the first electrode 81 or the second electrode 82, or the structural period of the combination of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 is the grating period of the liquid crystal grating. That is, the grating period of the liquid crystal grating can be set by setting the structural period of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82.
  • a first electrode 81 and a second electrode 82 are arranged in the driving electrode layer 8, and the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 respectively have a plurality of control deflection parts 83 of equal width and equal spacing and connected in series , by applying a voltage to the first electrode 81 and/or the second electrode 82 to switch the grating period of the liquid crystal grating, so as to solve the problem of color shift and dispersion caused by diffracting light of different wavelengths.
  • the optical waveguide assembly 2 of the liquid crystal grating proposed in the present application or the display device there is no need to set up multiple groups of coupling-in coupling-out gratings 23 on the waveguide sheet 21 to diffract light of different wavelengths, and then applying the optical waveguide of the liquid crystal grating proposed in the present application.
  • the component 2 or the display device has a simple structure, is light, thin and compact, and has a simple manufacturing process.
  • the liquid crystal grating provided by the present application can switch the period, it can diffract light of different wavelengths without the problem of chromatic dispersion and dispersion, that is, it can diffract light of different colors, so that the display device with the liquid crystal grating provided by the present application does not need to be in the waveguide sheet.
  • a full-color display can be realized by superimposing multiple sets of coupling-in and coupling-out gratings 23 on the 21, making the display device relatively light, thin and small.
  • the structural period of the first electrode 81 or the structural period of the second electrode 82 of the liquid crystal grating provided in this embodiment, or the length of the structural period after the combination of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 corresponds to the wavelength of the light to be diffracted, that is, The length of the structural period of the first electrode 81 or the length of the structural period of the second electrode 82 or the length of the structural period after the combination of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 is equivalent to or not much different from the wavelength of the light to be diffracted, and then
  • the liquid crystal grating provided by the present application has high diffraction efficiency, a wide range of incident light angles, and a large viewing angle of a display device that can apply the liquid crystal grating provided by the present application.
  • the liquid crystal grating provided by the present application can also control the degree of phase modulation of the light by controlling the voltage value applied to the first electrode 81 and/or the second electrode 82, and the function is flexible and convenient.
  • the plurality of control deflection portions 83 of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 provided in this embodiment may be electrically connected by wires, or may be electrically connected by electrode sheets.
  • the electrodes are electrically connected by means of electrode sheets, and the fabrication process of the electrodes is simple and convenient.
  • the voltage applied to the first electrode 81 or the second electrode 82 is an alternating current.
  • the liquid crystal grating provided in this embodiment is provided with two electrodes (a first electrode 81 and a second electrode 82 ) on the driving electrode layer 8 , that is, the liquid crystal grating provided in this embodiment has two grating periods.
  • the manners of providing two grating periods for the liquid crystal grating by arranging two electrodes include but are not limited to the following three.
  • the driving electrode layer 8 has a single-layer structure, the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are located in the same layer, and the structure periods of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are different.
  • the first electrode 81 is configured to diffract the first light
  • the voltage is applied
  • the second electrode 82 is configured to diffract the second light
  • the voltage is applied.
  • the length of the structural period of the first electrode 81 corresponds to the length of the first light.
  • the length of the structural period of the first electrode 81 is equivalent to or not different from the wavelength of the first light
  • the length of the structural period of the second electrode 82 corresponds to the wavelength of the second light (the length of the structural period of the second electrode 82
  • the wavelength of the second light is equal to or not different from the wavelength of the second light)
  • the diffraction efficiency is high.
  • the working principle of the liquid crystal grating is:
  • the liquid crystal grating When a voltage is applied to the first electrode 81 and no voltage is applied to the second electrode 82, the liquid crystal grating is in the state of the first period (a1+b1), and the structural period of the first electrode 81 is the grating period of the liquid crystal grating.
  • the ordinary light and the extraordinary light have different refractive indices, resulting in a phase difference between the ordinary light and the extraordinary light when they are transmitted in the liquid crystal 51 molecules, thereby realizing the phase modulation of the light, that is, forming a phase grating, thereby diffracting the light.
  • the liquid crystal grating When a voltage is applied to the second electrode 82 and no voltage is applied to the first electrode 81, the liquid crystal grating is in the state of the second period (a2+b2), and the structural period of the second electrode 82 is the grating period of the liquid crystal grating.
  • the ordinary light and the extraordinary light have different refractive indices, resulting in a phase difference between the ordinary light and the extraordinary light when they are transmitted in the liquid crystal 51 molecules, thereby realizing the phase modulation of the light, that is, forming a phase grating, thereby diffracting the light.
  • the first light is blue light and part of green light
  • the second light is red light and another part of green light.
  • the structure period of the first electrode 81 is 300 nm ⁇ 400 nm
  • the structure period of the second electrode 82 is 600 nm ⁇ 800 nm.
  • the side of the first electrode 81 with the control deflection portion 83 is disposed opposite to the side of the second electrode 82 with the control deflection portion 83, and the control deflection portion 83 of the first electrode 81 or the control deflection portion of the second electrode 82 83 can be inserted into the gap between the two control deflection parts 83 of the second electrode 82 or the two control deflection parts 83 of the first electrode 81 , saving space and making the whole liquid crystal grating lighter, thinner and more compact.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving electrode layer according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the driving electrode layer 8 has a single-layer structure, the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are located in the same layer, and the structure period of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 is the same.
  • the first electrode 81 or the second electrode 82 is configured to diffract the first light, it is in a voltage-applied state.
  • the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are configured to diffract the second light, they are in a common applied voltage state.
  • the length of the structural period of the electrode 81 or the second electrode 82 corresponds to the wavelength of the first light (the length of the structural period of the first electrode 81 or the second electrode 82 is equivalent to or not different from the wavelength of the first light), and the first The length of the structure period after the combination of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 corresponds to the wavelength of the second light (the width of the control deflection portion 83 and the difference between the control deflection portion 83 of the first electrode 81 and the control deflection portion 83 of the second electrode 82 The length of the sum of the distances between them is equivalent to or not much different from the wavelength of the second light), and the diffraction efficiency is high.
  • the first light is red light and part of green light
  • the second light is blue light and another part of green light.
  • the working principle of the liquid crystal grating is:
  • the liquid crystal grating is in the state of the first period (c1+d1), and the structural period of the first electrode 81 or the second electrode 82 is the grating of the liquid crystal grating cycle.
  • the working principle of the liquid crystal grating is similar to the above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the liquid crystal grating is in the state of the second period (c2+d2), and the width of the deflection portion 83 is controlled and the deflection portion 83 and the second electrode 82 of the first electrode 81 are controlled.
  • the sum of the distances between the control deflection parts 83 is the grating period of the liquid crystal grating, and the working principle is the same as above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the grating period of the liquid crystal grating is larger than the period when a voltage is applied to the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 together, and thus the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are applied together.
  • voltage is applied to either one of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82, it is suitable for diffracting all red light and part of green light with a wavelength close to the red light, and when a voltage is applied to the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 together, it is suitable for diffracting all blue light and Another part of green light with a wavelength close to blue light.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal grating provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a driving electrode layer of the liquid crystal grating shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the driving electrode layer 8 is a two-layer structure
  • the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are located in the two layers respectively, and the structural periods of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are different.
  • the first electrode 81 is configured to diffract the first light beam, it is in a voltage application state
  • the second electrode 82 is configured to be in a voltage application state when it is configured to diffract the second light beam.
  • the length of the structural period of the first electrode 81 corresponds to the wavelength of the first light (the length of the structural period of the first electrode 81 is equivalent to or not different from the wavelength of the first light), and the length of the structural period of the second electrode 82 corresponds to the first light.
  • the structural period length of the second electrode 82 is equal to or not different from the wavelength of the second light)
  • the diffraction efficiency is high.
  • the working principle of the liquid crystal grating is:
  • the liquid crystal grating When a voltage is applied to the first electrode 81 and no voltage is applied to the second electrode 82, the liquid crystal grating is in the state of the first period, and the structural period of the first electrode 81 is the grating period of the liquid crystal grating.
  • the working principle of the liquid crystal grating is the same as above, here I won't go into details.
  • the first light is blue light and part of green light
  • the second light is red light and another part of green light.
  • the structural period of the first electrode 81 is 300 nm ⁇ 600 nm
  • the structural period of the second electrode 82 is 500 nm ⁇ 800 nm.
  • the thickness of the substrate 3 is 0.5 mm ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5 is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
  • the common electrode layer 7 and the driving electrode layer 8 are ITO (indium tin oxide) conductive layers.
  • control deflection portion is in the shape of a strip.
  • the driving electrode layer 8 further includes a third electrode 84, the third electrode 84 has a plurality of control deflection parts 83 of equal width and equal spacing and connected in series, the first electrode 81, the second electrode 82 and the third electrode 83 are connected in series.
  • the structure period of the electrodes 84 is different.
  • the length of the structural period of one electrode 81 corresponds to the wavelength of the first light (the length of the structural period of the first electrode 81 is equivalent to or not different from the wavelength of blue light), and the length of the structural period of the second electrode 82 corresponds to the wavelength of the second light wavelength (the length of the structural period of the second electrode 82 is equal to or not different from the wavelength of green light), the length of the structural period of the third electrode 84 corresponds to the wavelength of the third light (the length of the structural period of the third electrode 84 is the same as that of the red light) The wavelengths are equivalent or not very different), and the diffraction efficiency is high.
  • the working principle of the liquid crystal grating is:
  • the liquid crystal grating When voltage is applied to the first electrode 81 and no voltage is applied to the second electrode 82 and the third electrode 84, the liquid crystal grating is in the state of the first period, and the structural period of the first electrode 81 is the grating period of the liquid crystal grating.
  • the liquid crystal grating is in the state of the second period, and the structural period of the second electrode 82 is the grating period of the liquid crystal grating.
  • the liquid crystal grating provided in this embodiment is provided with three electrodes in the driving electrode layer 8, so that the liquid crystal grating can switch out three grating periods, so that each wavelength of light can have a corresponding grating period, that is, each The grating period only needs to correspond to light of one wavelength, so the grating period can be set more accurately, the diffraction angle of the outgoing light can be better controlled, and the effect of solving color shift and dispersion is better.
  • the first light is blue light
  • the second light is green light
  • the third light is red light
  • the structural period of the first electrode 81 is 400 nm-500 nm
  • the structural period of the second electrode 82 is 500 nm-600 nm
  • the structural period of the third electrode 84 is 600 nm-700 nm.
  • the driving electrode layer 8 is of a double-layer structure, and the first electrode 81 , the second electrode 82 and the third electrode 84 are arranged in two parts in a co-layer arrangement and the other electrode is arranged separately.
  • the number of electrode layers is small, which makes the liquid crystal grating lighter and thinner.
  • the liquid crystal grating provided in this embodiment further includes a blocking member 9 .
  • the blocking member 9 is disposed between the two alignment film layers 6 and is disposed around the liquid crystal 51 to prevent the liquid crystal 51 from overflowing.
  • the liquid crystal grating provided in this embodiment further includes a plurality of spacers (not shown), and the plurality of spacers are arranged in a certain pattern between the two alignment film layers 6 to support the two alignment film layers 6 and Maintain and determine the distance between the two.
  • the spacer is a small ball with a diameter corresponding to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5 or a cylinder with a height corresponding to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5 .
  • This embodiment also provides a method for fabricating a liquid crystal grating, which is used to fabricate the liquid crystal grating described in any of the above embodiments, and the fabrication method includes the following steps:
  • a common electrode layer 7 is formed by sputtering a conductive layer on the substrate 3
  • a driving electrode layer 8 is formed by sputtering a conductive layer on the protective layer 4
  • a plurality of control deflection units 83 with equal width and equal spacing are arranged in series.
  • the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 , or the driving electrode layer 8 is formed by sputtering a conductive layer on the substrate 3 , and the first electrode 81 is arranged with a plurality of control deflection parts 83 of equal width and equal spacing connected in series. and the second electrode 82, sputtering a conductive layer on the protective layer 4 to form the common electrode layer 7;
  • the alignment film layer 6 is spin-coated on the common electrode layer 7 and the driving electrode layer 8 and aligned, wherein the alignment film layer 6 on the common electrode layer 7 and the alignment film layer 6 on the driving electrode layer 8 are in opposite directions;
  • Liquid crystal 51 is poured between the alignment film layer 6 on the common electrode layer 7 and the alignment film layer 6 on the driving electrode layer 8 and sealed to complete the production of the liquid crystal grating.
  • the liquid crystal grating produced by the liquid crystal grating manufacturing method provided in this embodiment is configured in the driving electrode layer 8 with a plurality of first electrodes 81 and second electrodes 82 of the control deflection portion 83 that are connected in series with equal width and equal spacing, respectively.
  • the manufactured liquid crystal grating can switch the grating period of the liquid crystal grating by applying a voltage to the first electrode 81 and/or the second electrode 82, thereby solving the problems of color shift and dispersion caused by diffracting light of different wavelengths.
  • the optical waveguide assembly 2 or the display device using the liquid crystal grating produced by this method does not need to set up multiple groups of coupling-in-coupling-out gratings 23 on the waveguide sheet 21 to diffract light of different wavelengths, and then apply the liquid crystal produced by this method.
  • the optical waveguide assembly 2 of the grating or the display device has a simple structure, is light, thin and compact.
  • liquid crystal grating produced by this method can switch the period, it can diffract light of different wavelengths without the problem of chromatic dispersion and dispersion, that is, it can diffract light of different colors, so that the display device of the liquid crystal grating produced by this method does not need to be used.
  • a full-color display can be realized by stacking multiple sets of coupling-in and coupling-out gratings 23 on the waveguide sheet 21 , so that the display device is light, thin, and compact.
  • the structural period of the first electrode 81 of the liquid crystal grating or the structural period of the second electrode 82 or the structural period length of the combination of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 of the liquid crystal grating produced by this manufacturing method corresponds to the wavelength of the light to be diffracted, That is, the structural period of the first electrode 81 or the structural period of the second electrode 82 or the length of the structural period after the combination of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 is equivalent to or not different from the wavelength of the light to be diffracted.
  • the obtained liquid crystal grating has high diffraction efficiency, a wide range of incident light angles, and a large viewing angle of a display device that can apply the liquid crystal grating produced by the method.
  • the liquid crystal grating produced by this method can also control the degree of phase modulation of the light by controlling the voltage value applied to the first electrode 81 and/or the second electrode 82, and the function is flexible and convenient.
  • the method further includes: spin-coating a spacer on the substrate 3 .
  • cleaning the substrate 3 includes: using acetone, methanol and isopropanol to ultrasonically clean the substrate 3 for 10 minutes respectively.
  • a rubbing alignment method or an optical alignment method is adopted to align the alignment film.
  • this embodiment further provides an optical waveguide assembly 10, including:
  • the waveguide sheet 101 is used for total reflection and transmission of light in it;
  • the coupling-in unit 102 is arranged on a surface of the waveguide sheet 21 and is used for coupling light into the waveguide sheet 21, and the coupling-in unit 102 is the liquid crystal grating described in any of the above embodiments;
  • the out-coupling unit 103 and the in-coupling unit 102 are disposed on the same surface of the waveguide sheet 21.
  • the out-coupling unit 103 is used to couple light out of the waveguide sheet 21 to the visible area, and the out-coupling unit 103 is described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the grating period of the coupling-out unit 103 and the grating period of the coupling-in unit 102 are switched synchronously, so that light of the same wavelength can be coupled in and then coupled out.
  • the working principle of the optical waveguide assembly 2 provided in this embodiment is as follows:
  • the coupling-in unit 102 and the coupling-out unit 103 switch to a period corresponding to the wavelength of the light to be diffracted.
  • the incident light is injected into the coupling-in unit 102, the coupling-in unit 102 couples the light into the waveguide sheet 21, the light is totally reflected in the waveguide sheet 21 and transmitted to the coupling-out unit 103, and the coupling-out unit 103 couples the light out to the visible area so that it can be seen by the human eye.
  • the coupling-in unit 102 and the coupling-out unit 103 of the optical waveguide assembly 2 provided in this embodiment are liquid crystal gratings with adjustable grating periods, so that when the optical waveguide assembly 2 transmits light of different wavelengths, the grating period can be switched to the desired value.
  • the wavelength of the transmitted light corresponds to avoid color shift and dispersion.
  • the grating period is equivalent to the wavelength of the light, the diffraction efficiency of the light is large, and the allowable range of the angle of the incident light is large.
  • the optical waveguide assembly 2 provided in this embodiment also has a switchable grating period, so that a full-color display can be realized without making multiple sets of coupling-in and coupling-out gratings 23 on the waveguide sheet 21 to diffract light of different wavelengths. Thinner and lighter. Moreover, while realizing full-color display, it also avoids the attenuation of the field of view, and has high optical performance.
  • the thickness of the waveguide sheet 21 is 0.3 mm ⁇ 2.5 mm, and the refractive index is 1.4 ⁇ 2.2.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • this embodiment also provides a display device, including:
  • a light projector 11 for sequentially projecting light of a plurality of different wavelengths
  • the optical waveguide assembly 10, the optical waveguide assembly 10 is the optical waveguide assembly 10 described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the coupling-in unit 102 and the coupling-out unit 103 of the optical waveguide assembly 10 are synchronously switched out of the light projected by the projector 11 in sequence.
  • the grating period of the in-coupling unit 102 and the coupling-out unit 103 of the optical waveguide assembly 10 provided in the display device provided in this embodiment can be switched, so that different light rays are diffracted by the coupling-in unit 102 and the coupling-out unit 103 corresponding to the grating period , thus avoiding color shift and dispersion.
  • full-color display can be realized without stacking multiple sets of gratings on the waveguide sheet 21 , and the structure is simple, thin and compact. Moreover, while realizing full-color display, it also avoids the attenuation of the field of view, and has high optical performance. And because the grating period is equivalent to the wavelength of the light, the diffraction efficiency of the light is large, and the allowable range of the angle of the incident light is large.
  • the projector 11 sequentially projects light with different wavelengths at a certain frequency, and the coupling-in unit 102 and the coupling-out unit 103 of the optical waveguide assembly 101 switch the frequency corresponding to the grating period to the frequency of the projected light.
  • the light projector 1 projects two wavelengths of light, and the projection frequency is not less than 120 Hz.
  • the light projector 11 projects two wavelengths of light, respectively a first light and a second light, the first light is blue light and a part of green light with a wavelength close to blue light, and the second light is red light and another part of the light Green light with wavelengths close to red light.
  • the light projector 11 projects three wavelengths of light, which are a first light, a second light and a third wavelength respectively, the first light is blue light, and the second light is green light , the light of the third wavelength is red light.
  • projector 11 projects at least partially linearly polarized light.
  • projector 11 includes an lcos display.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise expressly specified and limited. For example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection, or integral connection; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be direct communication, or indirect communication through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations. Also, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.

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Abstract

周期可调的液晶光栅、光波导组件(10)及显示设备。液晶光栅包括基底(3)；保护层(4)；液晶层(5)，液晶层(5)包括多个液晶(5`)；两个配向膜层(6)，用于给定液晶(51)初始指向矢；公共电极层(7)和驱动电极层(8)，驱动电极层(8)包括第一电极(81)和第二电极(82)，分别具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部(83)，通过控制给第一电极(81)和/或第二电极(82)施加电压，来切换液晶光栅的光栅周期，以衍射不同波长的光线以确保衍射角度一定。光波导组件(10)，包括波导片(101)，耦入单元(102)和耦出单元(103)，耦出单元(103)为液晶光栅。显示设备，包括投影光机(11)和光波导组件(10)。解决衍射不同波长光线而带来的色偏和色散问题；液晶光栅能够切换周期，可实现全彩显示，轻薄小巧，衍射效率高、入射光角度范围大、视场角大。

Description

周期可调的液晶光栅、光波导组件及显示设备 技术领域
本申请涉及光学传输技术领域，具体涉及一种周期可调的液晶光栅、光波导组件及显示设备。
背景技术
显示设备主要是用于将图片或视频显示到人眼中，显示设备可广泛应用于虚拟现实、增强现实、混合现实或军事等领域。
显示设备主要包括投影光机和光波导组件，投影光机向光波导组件输出图像光，光波导组件用于接收图像光并将图像光衍射传输至左右人眼，从而形成3D效果。
但是图像光具有多种颜色的光，而不同颜色的光的波长不同，从而造成不同颜色的光的衍射角不同，并且不同颜色光线在同一光栅结构中衍射效率也不同，进而造成色散或色偏(色偏是指：当不同颜色光线未按照预期比例进行混合时，所造成的颜色偏差)。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的是提供一种周期可调的液晶光栅，以解决色偏或色散的问题。
本申请一实施例提供一种周期可调的液晶光栅，包括：
基底；
保护层，与所述基底间隔相对设置；
液晶层，包括多个液晶；
两个配向膜层，两个所述配向膜层分别位于所述液晶层的两侧并位于所述基底和所述保护层之间，所述配向膜层用于给定液晶初始指向矢；
公共电极层；和
驱动电极层，与所述公共电极层相对设置并分别位于两个所述配向膜层的外侧并位于所述基底和所述保护层之间，所述驱动电极层包括第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和所述第二电极分别具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部，所述控制偏转部的宽度与所述控制偏转部之间的间距之和定义为一个结构周期，
所述第一电极和/或所述第二电极以及公共电极施加电压后，施加电压的第一电极和/或第 二电极的控制偏转部覆盖区域内的液晶偏转指向矢，以形成光栅结构，对入射到液晶光栅的光线进行衍射，
通过控制给所述第一电极和/或所述第二电极施加电压，来切换所述液晶光栅的光栅周期，以衍射不同波长的光线并确保衍射角度一定。
在一个实施例中，所述驱动电极层为单层式构造，所述第一电极和所述第二电极位于同一层内，所述第一电极和所述第二电极的结构周期不同；
所述第一电极配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、所述第二电极配置为衍射第二光线时处于施加电压状态。
在一个实施例中，所述第一光线为蓝光和部分绿光，所述第二光线为红光和另一部分绿光。
在一个实施例中，所述第一电极的结构周期为300nm～400nm，所述第二电极的结构周期为600nm～800nm。
在一个实施例中，所述驱动电极层为单层式构造，所述第一电极和所述第二电极位于同一层内，所述第一电极和所述第二电极的结构周期相同；
所述第一电极或所述第二电极配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、所述第一电极和所述第二电极配置为衍射第二光线时处于共同施加电压状态。
在一个实施例中，所述第一光线为红光和部分绿光，所述第二光线为蓝光和另一部分绿光。
在一个实施例中，所述第一电极具有控制偏转部的一侧与所述第二电极具有控制偏转部的一侧相对设置，且所述第一电极的控制偏转部或所述第二电极的控制偏转部能够插置到所述第二电极的两个控制偏转部或所述第一电极的两个控制偏转部之间的空隙内。
在一个实施例中，所述驱动电极层为多层式(例如双层式)构造，包括至少两个分层，所述第一电极和所述第二电极分别位于两个分层内，所述第一电极和所述第二电极的结构周期不同；
所第一电极配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、所述第二电极配置为衍射第二光线时处于施加电压状态。
在一个实施例中，所述第一光线为蓝光和部分绿光，所述第二光线为红光和另一部分绿光。
在一个实施例中，所述第一电极的结构周期为300nm～600nm，所述第二电极的结构周期为500nm～800nm。
在一个实施例中，所述驱动电极层还包括第三电极，所述第三电极具有多个等宽等间距 并串联在一起的控制偏转部，所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述第三电极的结构周期不同；
所述第一电极配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、所述第二电极配置为衍射第二光线时处于施加电压状态、所述第三电极配置为衍射第三光线时处于施加电压状态。
在一个实施例中，所述第一光线为蓝光，所述第二光线为绿光，所述第三光线为红光。
在一个实施例中，所述驱动电极层为多层式(例如双层式)构造，包括至少两个分层，所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述第三电极采用两个电极共层布置、另一个电极单独布置的模式分别位于两个分层内。
在一个实施例中，所述驱动电极层为三层式构造，包括三个分层，所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述第三电极分别位于所述三个分层内。
在一个实施例中，所述第一电极的结构周期为400nm～500nm，所述第二电极的结构周期为500nm～600nm，所述第三电极的结构周期为600nm～700nm。
在一个实施例中，所述公共电极层和所述驱动电极层为ITO导电层。
在一个实施例中，所述液晶层的厚度为1um～2um。
本申请一实施例还提供一种光波导组件，包括：
波导片，用于光线在其内全反射传输；
耦入单元，设于所述波导片的一表面，用于将光线耦入到所述波导片内，所述耦入单元为上述任一实施例所述的液晶光栅；和
耦出单元，与所述耦入单元设于所述波导片的同一表面，所述耦出单元用于将光线耦出所述波导片至可视区域，所述耦出单元为上述任一实施例所述的液晶光栅，所述耦出单元的光栅周期与所述耦入单元的光栅周期同步切换，以能够将同一波长的光线耦入后再耦出。
在一个实施例中，所述波导片的厚度为0.3mm～2.5mm、折射率为1.4～2.2。
本申请一实施例提供一种显示设备，包括：
投影光机，用于依次投射多种不同波长的光线；和
光波导组件，所述光波导组件为上述任一实施例所述的光波导组件，所述光波导组件的耦入单元和耦出单元同步依次切换出与所述投影光机投射的光线的波长相对应的光栅周期，以使所述耦入单元将所述投影光机投射出的光线耦入到所述光波导组件的波导片内，所述波导片将光线传输至所述耦出单元，所述耦出单元将光线耦出到可视区域，
通过切换所述耦入单元和所述耦出单元的光栅周期，来衍射不同波长的光线以确保衍射角度一定。
在一个实施例中，所述投影光机以一定频率依次投射出多种不同波长的光线，所述耦入单元和所述耦出单元切换出对应光栅周期的频率与投射光线的频率一致。
在一个实施例中，所述投影光机投射两种波长的光线，并投射频率不小于120Hz。
在一个实施例中，所述投影光机投射两种波长的光线并分别为第一光线和第二光线，所述第一光线为蓝光和波长接近蓝光的部分绿光，所述第二光线为红光和另一部分波长接近红光的绿光。
在一个实施例中，所述投影光机投射三种波长的光线并分别为第一光线、第二光线和第三波长的光线，所述第一光线为蓝光，所述第二光线为绿光，所述第三波长的光线为红光。
在一个实施例中，所述投影光机投射至少部分线偏振光。
在一个实施例中，所述投影光机包含lcos显示器。
有益效果：
本申请提供的周期可调的液晶光栅在驱动电极层内设置第一电极和第二电极，并第一电极和第二电极分别具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部，通过给第一电极和/或第二电极施加电压来切换液晶光栅的光栅周期，以解决衍射不同波长光线而带来的色偏和色散问题。本申请提供的液晶光栅由于能够切换周期，进而能够衍射不同波长的光而没有色偏色散的问题，即能够衍射不同颜色的光，从而使得具有本申请提供的液晶光栅的显示设备无需在波导片上叠加多组耦入、耦出光栅即可实现全彩显示，使得显示设备较为轻薄、小巧，而且由于光栅周期与光线的波长相当，从而衍射效率高、入射光角度范围大、并能应用本申请提供的液晶光栅的显示设备的视场角大。
附图说明
本发明上述和/或附加方面的优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为现有技术中的显示设备的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的周期可调的液晶光栅的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的驱动电极层的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的液晶光栅的工作状态示意图；
图5为本申请另一实施例提供的驱动电极层的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的液晶光栅的结构示意图；
图7为图6所示的液晶光栅的驱动电极层的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的光波导组件的结构示意图；
图9为本申请一实施例提供的显示设备的结构示意图。
其中，图1至图9中附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
1、投影光机；2、光波导组件；21、波导片；22、耦入光栅；23、耦出光栅；3、基底；4、保护层；5、液晶层；51、液晶；6、配向膜层；7、公共电极层；8、驱动电极层；81、第一电极；82、第二电极；83、控制偏转部；9、阻挡件；10、光波导组件；101、波导片；102、耦入单元；103、耦出单元；11、投影光机。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
图1为现有技术中的显示设备的结构示意图。
如图1所示，显示设备包括投影光机1和光波导组件2，光波导组件2包括波导片21和设于波导片21上的耦入光栅22和耦出光栅23。投影光机1投射光线至耦入光栅22，耦入光栅22对光线进行衍射而将光线耦入到波导片21内。光线在波导片21内全反射传输而将光线传输至耦出光栅23，耦出光栅23对光线进行衍射而将光线耦出波导片21至可视区域而被人眼观察到。进而投影光机1投射的光为可见光，而可见光有多种色光，且不同颜色的光的光波长度不同。而光线衍射的出射角度与波长和光栅周期有关，进而不同波长的光线经同一光栅衍射后的出射角度不同，于是便会出现色散或者色偏。
本申请基于上述技术问题，提出一种光栅周期可调的液晶光栅，从而当需要衍射不同波长的光线时，切换成对应的周期，使得衍射后光线的出射角度相同，从而解决色散或者色偏的问题。
而红、绿和蓝三色光为基础色光，投影光机1只需要投射这三种色光，通过两种或三种颜色的叠加组合便可显示出其他颜色的光。进而光栅只需要衍射这三种波长的光线，进而本申请提供的周期可调的液晶光栅只需要能够切换出两种周期或者三种周期即可。
红光的波长最长且波长范围为622nm～760nm，绿光的波长居中且波长范围为492nm～577nm，蓝光的波长最短且波长范围为435nm～450nm。一部分绿光的波长与红光相近，另一部分绿光的波长与蓝光相近，进而光栅可以设置为能够切换出两种周期。当光栅为第一周期时，用于衍射红光和一部分绿光。当光栅为第二周期时，用于衍射蓝光和另一部分绿光。
也可以将光栅设置为能够切换出三种周期：当光栅为第一周期时，用于衍射红光；当光栅为第二周期时，用于衍射绿光；当光栅为第三周期时，用于衍射蓝光。
下面，将基于上述基本设计思路详述本申请提供的周期可调的液晶光栅。
实施例1
图2为本申请一实施例提供的周期可调的液晶光栅的结构示意图，图3为本申请一实施例提供的驱动电极层的结构示意图。
如图2和图3所示，本实施例提供的周期可调的液晶光栅，包括：
基底3；
保护层4，与基底3间隔相对设置；
液晶层5，包括多个液晶51；
两个配向膜层6，两个配向膜层6分别位于液晶层5的两侧并位于基底3和保护层4之间，配向膜层6用于给定液晶51初始指向矢；
公共电极层7；和
驱动电极层8，与公共电极层7相对设置并分别位于两个配向膜层6的外侧并位于基底3和保护层4之间，驱动电极层8包括第一电极81和第二电极82，第一电极81和第二电极82分别具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部83，控制偏转部83的宽度与控制偏转部83之间的间距之和定义为一个结构周期。
第一电极81和/或第二电极82以及公共电极层7施加电压后，施加电压的第一电极81和/或第二电极82的控制偏转部83覆盖区域内的液晶51偏转指向矢，对入射到液晶光栅的光线进行衍射，液晶层5内偏转指向矢的液晶51构成为液晶光栅的光栅周期(即第一电极81和/或第二电极82的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期)，。
通过控制给所述第一电极81和/或所述第二电极82施加电压，来切换液晶光栅的光栅周期，以衍射不同波长的光线并确保衍射角度一定。
详细的工作原理如下：
给第一电极81和/或第二电极82施加电压，以及给公共电极层7施加电压后，在第一电极81和/或第二电极82的控制偏转部83和公共电极层7之间会形成电场，位于电场内的液晶51会改变指向矢。而第一电极81和/或第二电极82没有设置控制偏转部83的位置处就不会形成电场，进而对应位置处的液晶51就不会改变指向矢。
图4为本申请一实施例提供的液晶光栅的工作状态示意图。
如图4所示，通过指向矢改变的液晶51的光线会产生双折射效应变为两束光线，分别为寻常光和非寻常光。寻常光与非寻常光具有不同的折射率，导致寻常光与非寻常光在液晶51分子中传输时具有相位差，从而实现了对光线的相位调制，即形成了相位光栅。
而第一电极81或第二电极82的结构周期，或第一电极81和第二电极82组合后的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期。即，可以通过设置第一电极81和第二电极82的结构周期来 设置液晶光栅的光栅周期。
本申请提供的液晶光栅在驱动电极层8内设置第一电极81和第二电极82，并第一电极81和第二电极82分别具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部83，通过给第一电极81和/或第二电极82施加电压来切换液晶光栅的光栅周期，以解决衍射不同波长光线而带来的色偏和色散问题。进而应用本申请提出的液晶光栅的光波导组件2或显示设备就无需在波导片21上设置多组耦入耦出光栅23来衍射不同波长的光线，进而应用本申请提出的液晶光栅的光波导组件2或显示设备的结构简单、轻薄小巧，且制作工艺简单。
本申请提供的液晶光栅由于能够切换周期，进而能够衍射不同波长的光而没有色偏色散的问题，即能够衍射不同颜色的光，从而使得具有本申请提供的液晶光栅的显示设备无需在波导片21上叠加多组耦入、耦出光栅23即可实现全彩显示，使得显示设备较为轻薄、小巧。
本实施例提供的液晶光栅的第一电极81的结构周期或第二电极82的结构周期或第一电极81和第二电极82组合后的结构周期的长度对应于要衍射的光线的波长，即第一电极81的结构周期的长度或第二电极82的结构周期的长度或第一电极81和第二电极82组合后的结构周期的长度与要衍射的光线的波长相当或相差不大，进而使得本申请提供的液晶光栅的衍射效率高、入射光角度范围大、并能应用本申请提供的液晶光栅的显示设备的视场角大。
本申请提供的液晶光栅还能够通过控制施加在第一电极81和/或第二电极82的电压值来控制对光线的相位调制程度，功能灵活方便。
本实施例提供的第一电极81和第二电极82的多个控制偏转部83之间可以通过电线电连接，也可以通过电极片电连接。通过电极片的方式电连接，电极的制作工艺简单方便。
本实施例中，给第一电极81或第二电极82施加的电压为交流电。
由于本实施例提供的液晶光栅在驱动电极层8设置了两个电极(第一电极81和第二电极82)，即本实施例提供的液晶光栅有两种光栅周期。通过设置两个电极为液晶光栅提供两种光栅周期的方式包括但不仅限于如下三种。
第一种方式：
如图3所示，驱动电极层8为单层式构造，第一电极81和第二电极82位于同一层内，第一电极81和第二电极82的结构周期不同。并且第一电极81配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、第二电极82配置为衍射第二光线时处于施加电压状态，第一电极81的结构周期的长度对应于所述第一光线的波长(第一电极81的结构周期的长度与第一光线的波长相当或相差不大)，第二电极82的结构周期的长度对应于第二光线的波长(第二电极82的结构周期的长度与第二光线的波长相当或相差不大)，衍射效率高。
此时液晶光栅的工作原理为：
给第一电极81施加电压、第二电极82不施加电压，液晶光栅处于为第一周期(a1+b1)的状态，第一电极81的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期。
第一电极81和公共电极施加电压后，第一电极81的控制偏转部83与公共电极之间形成电场，处于电场内的液晶51偏转方向(改变指向矢)，没有设置控制偏转部83的对应位置处的液晶51不偏转方向。通过方向偏转的液晶51的光线有双折射效应变为两束光线，分别为寻常光和非寻常光。寻常光与非寻常光具有不同的折射率，导致寻常光与非寻常光在液晶51分子中传输时具有相位差，从而实现了对光线的相位调制，即形成了相位光栅，从而衍射光线。
给第二电极82施加电压、第一电极81不施加电压，液晶光栅处于为第二周期(a2+b2)的状态，第二电极82的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期。
第二电极82和公共电极层7施加电压后，第二电极82的控制偏转部83与公共电极层7之间形成电场，处于电场内的液晶51偏转方向(改变指向矢)，没有设置控制偏转部83的对应位置处的液晶51不偏转方向。通过方向偏转的液晶51的光线有双折射效应变为两束光线，分别为寻常光和非寻常光。寻常光与非寻常光具有不同的折射率，导致寻常光与非寻常光在液晶51分子中传输时具有相位差，从而实现了对光线的相位调制，即形成了相位光栅，从而衍射光线。
进一步地，第一光线为蓝光和部分绿光，第二光线为红光和另一部分绿光。
更进一步地，第一电极81的结构周期为300nm～400nm，第二电极82的结构周期为600nm～800nm。
进一步地，第一电极81具有控制偏转部83的一侧与第二电极82具有控制偏转部83的一侧相对设置，且第一电极81的控制偏转部83或第二电极82的控制偏转部83能够插置到第二电极82的两个控制偏转部83或第一电极81的两个控制偏转部83之间的空隙内，节省空间，使得液晶光栅整体更加轻薄小巧。
第二种方式：
图5为本申请另一实施例提供的驱动电极层的结构示意图。如图5所示，驱动电极层8为单层式构造，第一电极81和第二电极82位于同一层内，第一电极81和第二电极82的结构周期相同。并且第一电极81或所述第二电极82配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、第一电极81和所述第二电极82配置为衍射第二光线时处于共同施加电压状态，第一电极81或所述第二电极82的结构周期的长度对应于第一光线的波长(第一电极81或第二电极82的结构周期的长度与第一光线的波长相当或相差不大)，第一电极81和第二电极82组合后的结构周期的长度应于第二光线的波长(控制偏转部83的宽度与第一电极81的控制偏转部83和 第二电极82的控制偏转部83之间的间距之和的长度与第二光线的波长相当或相差不大)，衍射效率高。
进一步地，第一光线为红光和部分绿光，第二光线为蓝光和另一部分绿光。
此时液晶光栅的工作原理为：
给第一电极81和第二电极82中的任意一个施加电压，液晶光栅处于为第一周期(c1+d1)的状态，第一电极81或第二电极82的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期。此时，液晶光栅的工作原理如上类似，在此不做赘述。
给第一电极81和第二电极82同时施加电压，液晶光栅处于为第二周期(c2+d2)的状态，控制偏转部83的宽度与第一电极81的控制偏转部83和第二电极82的控制偏转部83之间的间距之和即为液晶光栅的光栅周期，工作原理同上，在此不做赘述。
由于给第一电极81和第二电极82中的任意一个施加电压时，此时液晶光栅的光栅周期相较于给第一电极81和第二电极82共同施加电压时的周期大，进而给第一电极81和第二电极82中的任意一个施加电压时适合衍射全部红光和与红光波长接近的部分绿光，给第一电极81和第二电极82共同施加电压时适合衍射全部蓝光和与蓝光波长接近的另一部分绿光。
进一步地，第一电极81具有控制偏转部83的一侧与第二电极82具有控制偏转部83的一侧相对设置，且第一电极81的控制偏转部83或第二电极82的控制偏转部83能够插置到第二电极82的两个控制偏转部83或第一电极81的两个控制偏转部83之间的空隙内，节省空间，使得液晶光栅整体更加轻薄小巧。
第三种方式：
图6为本申请一实施例提供的液晶光栅的结构示意图，图7为图6所示的液晶光栅的驱动电极层的结构示意图。
如图6和图7所示，驱动电极层8为双层式构造，第一电极81和第二电极82分别位于两个分层内，第一电极81和第二电极82的结构周期不同，并且第一电极81配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、第二电极82配置为衍射第二光线时处于施加电压状态。第一电极81的结构周期的长度对应于第一光线的波长(第一电极81的结构周期长度与第一光线的波长相当或相差不大)，第二电极82的结构周期的长度对应于第二光线的波长(第二电极82的结构周期长度与第二光线的波长相当或相差不大)，衍射效率高。
此时液晶光栅的工作原理为：
给第一电极81施加电压、第二电极82不施加电压，液晶光栅处于为第一周期的状态，第一电极81的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期，液晶光栅的工作原理同上，在此不做赘述。
给第二电极82施加电压、第一电极81不施加电压，液晶光栅处于为第二周期的状态， 第二电极82的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期，液晶光栅的工作原理同上，在此不做赘述。
进一步地，第一光线为蓝光和部分绿光，第二光线为红光和另一部分绿光。
更进一步地，第一电极81的结构周期为300nm～600nm，第二电极82的结构周期为500nm～800nm。
进一步地，第一电极81的控制偏转部83与第二电极82的控制偏转部83相对设置，或第一电极81的可控制偏转部83与第二电极82的控制偏转部83同一方向设置，在此不做具体限定。
在本实施例中，基底3的厚度为0.5mm～1mm。
在本实施例中，保护层4由玻璃材料制成，并保护层4的厚度小于基底3的厚度。进一步地，保护层4的厚度为0.1mm～0.3mm。
在本实施例中，液晶层5的厚度为1um～2um。
在本实施例中，公共电极层7和驱动电极层8为ITO(氧化铟锡)导电层。
在本实施例中，控制偏转部呈条状。
实施例2
在本实施例中，驱动电极层8还包括第三电极84，第三电极84具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部83，第一电极81、第二电极82和第三电极84的结构周期不同。并且第一电极81配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、第二电极82配置为衍射第二光线时处于施加电压状态、第三电极84配置为衍射第三光线时处于施加电压状态，第一电极81的结构周期的长度对应于第一光线的波长(第一电极81的结构周期长度与蓝光的波长相当或相差不大)，第二电极82的结构周期的长度对应于第二光线的波长(第二电极82的结构周期长度与绿光的波长相当或相差不大)，第三电极84的结构周期的长度对应于第三光线的波长(第三电极84的结构周期长度与红光的波长相当或相差不大)，衍射效率高。
此时液晶光栅的工作原理为：
给第一电极81施加电压、第二电极82和第三电极84不施加电压，液晶光栅处于为第一周期的状态，第一电极81的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期。
给第二电极82施加电压，第一电极81和第三电极84不施加电压，液晶光栅处于为第二周期的状态，第二电极82的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期。
给第三电极84施加电压，第一电极81和第二电极82不施加电压，液晶光栅处于为第三周期的状态，第三电极84的结构周期即为液晶光栅的光栅周期。
本实施例提供的液晶光栅在驱动电极层8内设置了三个电极，使得液晶光栅能够切换出三种光栅周期，从而使得每种波长的光线都能够有与之对应的光栅周期，即每种光栅周期只 需要对应一种波长的光线，进而光栅周期能够设置的更精确，更好的控制出射光的衍射角度，解决色偏和色散的效果更好。
进一步地，第一光线为蓝光，第二光线为绿光，第三光线为红光。
更进一步地，第一电极81的结构周期为400nm～500nm，第二电极82的结构周期为500nm～600nm，第三电极84的结构周期为600nm～700nm。
在一个实施例中，驱动电极层8为双层式构造，第一电极81、第二电极82和第三电极84采用两个电极共层布置、另一个电极单独布置的模式分别位于两个分层内，电极层数少，进而使得液晶光栅更轻薄。
在一个实施例中，驱动电极层8为三层式构造，第一电极81、第二电极82和第三电极84分别位于三个分层内。
本领域技术人员容易得知，在其他实施例中，液晶光栅的驱动电极层8内可以设置四个以上的电极，为液晶光栅带来更多的光栅周期，应当也在本申请的保护范围内。并且电极层也不仅限于设置两个或三个电极层，设置四个以上电极层的技术方案也应当在本申请的保护范围内。
实施例3
如图2所示，本实施例提供的液晶光栅，还包括阻挡件9，阻挡件9设置于两个配向膜层6之间并围绕液晶51设置以防止液晶51外溢。
实施例4
本实施例提供的液晶光栅，还包括多个间隔物(图未示)，多个间隔物按一定模式排列地分布设置于两个配向膜层6之间，以支撑两个配向膜层6并保持和确定二者之间的距离。
具体地，间隔物为直径对应于液晶层5厚度的小球或为高度对应于液晶层5厚度的柱体。
实施例5
本实施例还提供一种液晶光栅的制作方法，用于制作上述任一实施例所描述的液晶光栅，制作方法包括如下步骤：
提供基底3，并清洗该基底3，
提供保护层4，并清洗该保护层4；
在基底3上溅射导电层而形成公共电极层7、在保护层4上溅射导电层而形成驱动电极层8并配置分别具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部83的第一电极81和第二电极82，或者，在基底3上溅射导电层而形成驱动电极层8并配置分别具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部83的第一电极81和第二电极82、在保护层4上溅射导电层而形成公共电极层7；
在公共电极层7和驱动电极层8上分别旋涂配向膜层6，并配向，其中公共电极层7上的配向膜层6和驱动电极层8上的配向膜层6的方向相反；
将基底3和保护层4胶合成液晶51盒；
在公共电极层7上的配向膜层6和驱动电极层8上的配向膜层6之间灌注液晶51并封口，完成液晶光栅的制作。
本实施例提供的液晶光栅制作方法制作出的液晶光栅在驱动电极层8内配置出分别具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部83的第一电极81和第二电极82，使得制作出的液晶光栅能够通过给第一电极81和/或第二电极82施加电压来切换液晶光栅的光栅周期，从而解决衍射不同波长光线而带来的色偏和色散问题。并且应用使用本方法制作出的液晶光栅的光波导组件2或显示设备就无需在波导片21上设置多组耦入耦出光栅23来衍射不同波长的光线，进而应用使用本方法制作出的液晶光栅的光波导组件2或显示设备的结构简单、轻薄小巧。
使用本方法制作出的液晶光栅由于能够切换周期，进而能够衍射不同波长的光而没有色偏色散的问题，即能够衍射不同颜色的光，从而使得应用本方法制作出的液晶光栅的显示设备无需在波导片21上叠加多组耦入、耦出光栅23即可实现全彩显示，使得显示设备较为轻薄、小巧。
使用本制作方法制作出的液晶光栅的第一电极81的结构周期或第二电极82的结构周期或第一电极81和第二电极82组合后的结构周期长度对应于要衍射的光线的波长，即第一电极81的结构周期或第二电极82的结构周期或第一电极81和第二电极82组合后的结构周期长度与要衍射的光线的波长相当或相差不大，进而使得本方法制作出的液晶光栅的衍射效率高、入射光角度范围大、并能应用本方法制作出的液晶光栅的显示设备的视场角大。
使用本方法制作出的液晶光栅还能够通过控制施加在第一电极81和/或第二电极82的电压值来控制对光线的相位调制程度，功能灵活方便。
进一步地，在给配向膜配向后，在将基底3和保护层4胶合成液晶51盒之前，所述方法还包括：在基底3上旋涂间隔物。
在本实施例中，清洗基底3包括：采用丙酮、甲醇和异丙醇分别对基底3超声清洗10分钟。
在本实施例中，采取摩擦配向方法或光学配向方法给配向膜配向。
实施例6
图8为本申请一实施例提供的光波导组件的结构示意图。
如图8所示，本实施例还提供一种光波导组件10，包括：
波导片101，用于光线在其内全反射传输；
耦入单元102，设于波导片21的一表面，用于将光线耦入到波导片21内，耦入单元102为上述任一实施例所述的液晶光栅；和
耦出单元103，与耦入单元102设于波导片21的同一表面，耦出单元103用于将光线耦出波导片21至可视区域，耦出单元103为上述任一实施例所述的液晶光栅，耦出单元103的光栅周期与耦入单元102的光栅周期同步切换，以能够将同一波长的光线耦入后再耦出。
本实施例提供的光波导组件2的工作原理如下：
耦入单元102和耦出单元103切换至与要衍射的光线的波长相对应的周期。入射光射入到耦入单元102，耦入单元102将光线耦入到波导片21内，光线在波导片21内全反射传输至耦出单元103，耦出单元103将光线耦出到可视区域，以使人眼能够观察到。
本实施例提供的光波导组件2的耦入单元102和耦出单元103为光栅周期可调的液晶光栅，进而使得光波导组件2在传输不同波长的光线时，能够将光栅周期切换到与要传输的光线的波长相对应，从而避免色偏和色散。且由于光栅周期与光线的波长相当，进而使得光线的衍射效率大，且入射光线的角度允许范围大。
本实施例提供的光波导组件2还由于光栅周期可切换，从而无需在波导片21上制作多组耦入、耦出光栅23来衍射不同波长的光线就能够实现全彩显示，结构简单、且更轻薄小巧。而且在实现全彩显示的同时，还避免了视场角的衰减，光学性能高。
在本实施例中，波导片21的厚度为0.3mm～2.5mm、折射率为1.4～2.2。
实施例7
图9为本申请一实施例提供的显示设备的结构示意图。
如图9所示，本实施例还提供一种显示设备，包括：
投影光机11，用于依次投射多种不同波长的光线；和
光波导组件10，光波导组件10为上述任一实施例所述的光波导组件10，光波导组件10的耦入单元102和耦出单元103同步依次切换出与投影光机11投射的光线的波长相对应的光栅周期，以使所述耦入单元102将所述投影光机11投射出的光线耦入到光波导组件10的波导片101内，波导片101将光线传输至耦出单元103，耦出单元103将光线耦出到可视区域，
通过切换耦入单元102和耦出单元103的光栅周期，来衍射不同波长的光线以确保衍射角度一定。
本实施例提供的显示设备设置的光波导组件10的耦入单元102和耦出单元103的光栅周期可切换，从而使得不同的光线有对应光栅周期的耦入单元102和耦出单元103进行衍射， 从而避免色偏和色散。
且由于耦入单元102和耦出单元103的光栅周期可切换，从而使得无需在波导片21上叠加多组光栅即可实现全彩显示，结构简单且轻薄小巧。而且在实现全彩显示的同时，还避免了视场角的衰减，光学性能高。且由于光栅周期与光线的波长相当，进而使得光线的衍射效率大，且入射光线的角度允许范围大。
具体的，投影光机11以一定频率依次投射多种不同波长的光线，且光波导组件101的耦入单元102和耦出单元103切换出对应光栅周期的频率与投射光线的频率一致。
在本实施例中，投影光机1投射两种波长的光线，并投射频率不小于120Hz。
在一个实施例中，投影光机11投射两种波长的光线并分别为第一光线和第二光线，第一光线为蓝光和波长接近蓝光的部分绿光，第二光线为红光和另一部分波长接近红光的绿光。
在另一个实施例中，投影光机11投射三种波长的光线并分别为第一光线、第二光线和第三波长的光线，所述第一光线为蓝光，所述第二光线为绿光，所述第三波长的光线为红光。
在一个实施例中，投影光机11投射至少部分线偏振光。
在一个实施例中，投影光机11包含lcos显示器。
本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“连通”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接连通，也可以通过中间媒介间接连通，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种周期可调的液晶光栅，其特征在于，包括：
    基底(3)；
    保护层(4)，与所述基底(3)间隔相对设置；
    液晶层(5)，包括多个液晶(51)；
    两个配向膜层(6)，两个所述配向膜层(6)分别位于所述液晶层(5)的两侧并位于所述基底(3)和所述保护层(4)之间，所述配向膜层(6)用于给定液晶(51)初始指向矢；
    公共电极层(7)；和
    驱动电极层(8)，与所述公共电极层(7)相对设置并分别位于两个所述配向膜层(6)的外侧并位于所述基底(3)和所述保护层(4)之间，所述驱动电极层(8)包括第一电极(81)和第二电极(82)，所述第一电极(81)和所述第二电极(82)分别具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部(83)，所述控制偏转部(83)的宽度与所述控制偏转部(83)之间的间距之和定义为一个结构周期，
    所述第一电极(81)和/或所述第二电极(82)以及公共电极施加电压后，施加电压的第一电极(81)和/或第二电极(82)的控制偏转部(83)覆盖区域内的液晶(51)偏转指向矢，以形成光栅结构，对入射到液晶光栅的光线进行衍射，
    通过控制给所述第一电极(81)和/或所述第二电极(82)施加电压，来切换所述液晶光栅的光栅周期，以衍射不同波长的光线并确保衍射角度一定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述驱动电极层(8)为单层式构造，所述第一电极(81)和所述第二电极(82)位于同一层内，所述第一电极(81)和所述第二电极(82)的结构周期不同；
    所述第一电极(81)配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、所述第二电极(82)配置为衍射第二光线时处于施加电压状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述第一光线为蓝光和部分绿光，所述第二光线为红光和另一部分绿光。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述第一电极(81)的结构周期为300nm～400nm，所述第二电极(82)的结构周期为600nm～800nm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述驱动电极层(8)为单层式构造，所述第一电极(81)和所述第二电极(82)位于同一层内，所述第一电极(81)和所述第二电极(82)的结构周期相同；
    所述第一电极(81)或所述第二电极(82)配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、 所述第一电极(81)和所述第二电极(82)配置为衍射第二光线时处于共同施加电压状态。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述第一光线为红光和部分绿光，所述第二光线为蓝光和另一部分绿光。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述第一电极(81)具有控制偏转部(83)的一侧与所述第二电极(82)具有控制偏转部(83)的一侧相对设置，且所述第一电极(81)的控制偏转部(83)或所述第二电极(82)的控制偏转部(83)能够插置到所述第二电极(82)的两个控制偏转部(83)或所述第一电极(81)的两个控制偏转部(83)之间的空隙内。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述驱动电极层(8)为多层式构造，包括至少两个分层，所述第一电极(81)和所述第二电极(82)分别位于两个分层内，所述第一电极(81)和所述第二电极(82)的结构周期不同；
    所第一电极(81)配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、所述第二电极(82)配置为衍射第二光线时处于施加电压状态。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述第一光线为蓝光和部分绿光，所述第二光线为红光和另一部分绿光。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述第一电极(81)的结构周期为300nm～600nm，所述第二电极(82)的结构周期为500nm～800nm。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述驱动电极层(8)还包括第三电极，所述第三电极具有多个等宽等间距并串联在一起的控制偏转部(83)，所述第一电极(81)、所述第二电极(82)和所述第三电极的结构周期不同；
    所述第一电极(81)配置为衍射第一光线时处于施加电压状态、所述第二电极(82)配置为衍射第二光线时处于施加电压状态、所述第三电极配置为衍射第三光线时处于施加电压状态。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述第一光线为蓝光，所述第二光线为绿光，所述第三光线为红光。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述驱动电极层(8)为多层式构造，包括至少两个分层，所述第一电极(81)、所述第二电极(82)和所述第三电极采用两个电极共层布置、另一个电极单独布置的模式分别位于两个分层内。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述驱动电极层(8)为三层式构造，包括三个分层，所述第一电极(81)、所述第二电极(82)和所述第三电极分别位于所述三个分层内。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述第一电极(81)的结构周期为400nm～500nm，所述第二电极(82)的结构周期为500nm～600nm，所述第三电极的结构周期为600nm～700nm。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述公共电极层(7)和所述驱动电极层(8)为ITO导电层。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，所述液晶层(5)的厚度为1um～2um。
  18. 一种光波导组件，其特征在于，包括：
    波导片(101)，用于光线在其内全反射传输；
    耦入单元(102)，设于所述波导片(101)的一表面，用于将光线耦入到所述波导片(101)内，所述耦入单元(102)为权利要求1至17中任一项所述的液晶光栅；和
    耦出单元(103)，与所述耦入单元(102)设于所述波导片(101)的同一表面，所述耦出单元(103)用于将光线耦出所述波导片(101)至可视区域，所述耦出单元(103)为权利要求1至17中任一项所述的液晶光栅，所述耦出单元(103)的光栅周期与所述耦入单元(102)的光栅周期同步切换，以能够将同一波长的光线耦入后再耦出。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的光波导组件(10)，其特征在于，所述波导片(101)的厚度为0.3mm～2.5mm、折射率为1.4～2.2。
  20. 一种显示设备，其特征在于，包括：
    投影光机(11)，用于依次投射多种不同波长的光线；和
    光波导组件(10)，所述光波导组件(10)为权利要求18或19所述的光波导组件(10)，所述光波导组件(10)的耦入单元(102)和耦出单元(103)同步依次切换出与所述投影光机(11)投射的光线的波长相对应的光栅周期，以使所述耦入单元(102)将所述投影光机(11)投射出的光线耦入到所述光波导组件(10)的波导片(101)内，所述波导片(101)将光线传输至所述耦出单元(103)，所述耦出单元(103)将光线耦出到可视区域，
    通过切换所述耦入单元(102)和所述耦出单元(103)的光栅周期，来衍射不同波长的光线以确保衍射角度一定。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述投影光机(11)以一定频率依次投射出多种不同波长的光线，所述耦入单元(102)和所述耦出单元(103)切换出对应光栅周期的频率与投射光线的频率一致。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述投影光机(11)投射两种波长的光线，并投射频率不小于120Hz。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述投影光机(11)投射两种波长的 光线并分别为第一光线和第二光线，所述第一光线为蓝光和波长接近蓝光的部分绿光，所述第二光线为红光和另一部分波长接近红光的绿光。
  24. 根据权利要求20所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述投影光机(11)投射三种波长的光线并分别为第一光线、第二光线和第三波长的光线，所述第一光线为蓝光，所述第二光线为绿光，所述第三波长的光线为红光。
  25. 根据权利要求20至24中任一项所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述投影光机(11)投射至少部分线偏振光。
  26. 根据权利要求20至24中任一项所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述投影光机(11)包含lcos显示器。
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