WO2022041819A1 - Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢及其制备方法、终端、钢结构件和电子设备 - Google Patents

Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢及其制备方法、终端、钢结构件和电子设备 Download PDF

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WO2022041819A1
WO2022041819A1 PCT/CN2021/090830 CN2021090830W WO2022041819A1 WO 2022041819 A1 WO2022041819 A1 WO 2022041819A1 CN 2021090830 W CN2021090830 W CN 2021090830W WO 2022041819 A1 WO2022041819 A1 WO 2022041819A1
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steel
weight
light
weight steel
powder raw
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PCT/CN2021/090830
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李龙雨
蔡明�
段满堂
朱美玲
邓忠勇
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华为技术有限公司
上海富驰高科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP21859666.6A priority Critical patent/EP4194579A4/en
Publication of WO2022041819A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022041819A1/zh
Priority to US18/173,608 priority patent/US20230220525A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/0206—Portable telephones comprising a plurality of mechanically joined movable body parts, e.g. hinged housings
    • H04M1/0208—Portable telephones comprising a plurality of mechanically joined movable body parts, e.g. hinged housings characterized by the relative motions of the body parts
    • H04M1/0214—Foldable telephones, i.e. with body parts pivoting to an open position around an axis parallel to the plane they define in closed position
    • H04M1/0216—Foldable in one direction, i.e. using a one degree of freedom hinge
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Definitions

  • the present application relates to a Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel and a preparation method thereof, as well as terminals, steel structural parts and electronic equipment using the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel.
  • the rotating shaft mechanism of the existing folding mobile phone is basically composed of two materials, one is precipitation hardened steel, which has good comprehensive mechanical properties, high strength, good toughness, yield strength of about 1000Mp, elongation About 6%, but the density is higher, about 7.8g/cm 3 ; the other is aluminum alloy material, which has a lower density, about 2.7g/cm 3 , but the strength is lower, for the current widely commercialized highest strength grade 7-series aluminum alloys, such as 7075, have a yield strength of about 500Mpa and are prone to deformation during use.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel, including:
  • the Al element improves the density of the light-weight steel, so that the light-weight steel has the effect of achieving light weight, the C element forms a carbide phase strengthening phase to enhance the strength of the light-weight steel; the O element forms strengthening.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C-based lightweight steel of the present application is a material with high strength, high ductility, and low density.
  • the light-weight steel further contains Si, Ni and Cr, wherein the weight percentage of Si is less than or equal to 0.2wt%, the weight percentage of Ni is less than or equal to 0.6wt%, and the weight percentage of Cr is less than or equal to 0.4 wt%.
  • the Si is used to improve the C activity and promote the dissolution of the C element in the precipitates during aging; the Cr improves the corrosion resistance of the steel to a certain extent; enriched at the interface.
  • the light-weight steel further contains at least one of Cu, V, Ti, Nb, W, Zr, Mo, and Re, wherein Cu, V, Ti, Nb, W, Zr, Mo and Re The total weight percentage is less than or equal to 1wt%.
  • the light-weight steel further contains at least one of Cu, V, Ti, Nb, W, Zr, Mo, and Re, which can further improve the performance of the light-weight steel; for example, Cu can be used as a disperse phase in the light-weight steel.
  • the light-weight steel is formed using powder raw materials through a metal injection molding process.
  • the metal injection molding process can produce small, precise and light-weight steel parts with complex curves, which can be widely used in various electronic products.
  • the powder raw material includes the following chemical components: 28wt% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 35wt%, 6wt% ⁇ Al ⁇ 12wt%, 0.7wt% ⁇ C ⁇ 1.8wt%, 0.003wt% ⁇ O ⁇ 0.4wt% , 0 ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.2wt%, 0 ⁇ Ni ⁇ 0.6wt%, 0 ⁇ Cr ⁇ 0.4wt%, 0 ⁇ Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re ⁇ 1wt%, the remainder is Fe; Among them, Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re refers to containing at least one of Cu, V, Ti, Nb, W, Zr, Mo and Re, and Cu, V, Ti, Nb, W , Zr, Mo and Re total weight percentage.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C light-weight steel with the composition ratio of the present application can be obtained by using the above powder raw materials, which has high strength, high ductility and low density.
  • the light-weight steel has a density of 5.9-7.0 g/cm 3 , a yield strength of 800-1200 Mpa, and an elongation of 2%-20%.
  • the light-weight steel has low density, high strength and high ductility; the strength of the steel is relatively large, and the steel structure parts using this light-weight steel do not need to increase the thickness to ensure the reliability of the steel structure parts, which is beneficial to the reliability of the steel structure parts. Miniaturization, thereby contributing to the miniaturization of electronic equipment.
  • a functional coating is formed on the surface of the light-weight steel.
  • the functional coating further beautifies the lightweight layer as a decorative layer, or further protects or functionalizes the lightweight steel as a functional coating.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a terminal, including the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel has low density/light weight, high strength, high ductility, can be prepared by metal injection molding process suitable for small, precise and complex curved parts, and can effectively improve the performance of the terminal. performance and/or service life.
  • the terminal is a consumer electronic sample, which includes structural components, and at least one structural component is composed of the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C light weight has low density, high strength and high ductility, which reduces the risk of fracture and deformation of structural components in the terminal, improves the quality of the terminal, and has low density, which is beneficial to the terminal Lightweight products.
  • the terminal is a foldable mobile phone including a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is composed of the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel.
  • the rotating shaft is made of the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel, which reduces the risk of the rotating shaft of the foldable mobile phone falling from a height and breaking, and reduces the risk of deformation of the rotating shaft during use, thereby improving the stability of the folding mobile phone. quality.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for preparing Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel, including:
  • a powder raw material is prepared, and the powder raw material includes the following chemical components:
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel is prepared by using the powder raw material and adopting a metal injection molding process.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel with the composition ratio of the present application can be obtained by using the above powder raw materials and through the metal injection molding process, which has high strength, high ductility, and low density; the Fe-Mn-Al -C series light steel is not easy to deform or break under high-strength force.
  • the metal injection molding process includes:
  • the sintered compact is heat treated.
  • the light-weight steel formed by the metal injection molding process provided by this application can effectively obtain three-dimensional complex and precise steel structural parts at one time. Compared with traditional machining, such as computer numerical control machine tools, complex and precise steel structural parts do not require additional processing. , which improves the production efficiency of preparing complex and precise steel, reduces the cost of preparing steel, and is beneficial to the large-scale production of steel.
  • forming the powder raw material into the green body includes: mixing the powder raw material with a binder; and molding the mixture of the powder raw material and the binder into a green body by injection molding .
  • Forming the green body of lightweight steel by injection molding not only has high forming efficiency and low cost, but also can effectively obtain three-dimensional complex and precise green body of lightweight steel at one time, which improves the production efficiency of preparing complex and precise lightweight steel.
  • the powder raw material is mixed with the binder, and the powder raw material has a certain fluidity, which reduces or avoids defects such as cracks or corner drop in the green body.
  • the powder raw material is mixed with the binder, and the formed green body has a certain strength, and the shape can be maintained when it comes out of the mold cavity, which reduces or avoids the deformation of the green body, thereby improving the yield.
  • the preparation method before sintering the green body, the preparation method further includes degreasing the green body to remove part of the binder in the green body.
  • the binder in the green body is removed by means of catalytic debinding.
  • Catalytic degreasing to remove binder is to make use of the rapid degradation characteristics of polymers in a specific atmosphere, so that the green body is degreasing in the corresponding atmosphere, and the binder is decomposed to remove the binder.
  • the binder in the green body is removed by catalytic degreasing, which not only enables fast and defect-free degreasing, but also increases the efficiency of degreasing, thereby improving the efficiency of steel production.
  • the heat treatment of the sintered blank includes: solutionizing the sintered blank; and the sintered blank after aging and solutionizing.
  • Heat treatment can further enhance the properties of the lightweight steel.
  • a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a steel structure, which is formed by the above-mentioned preparation method.
  • the steel structural member is prepared by the above method, so that the steel structural member has low density, high strength, and high ductility; the steel structural member is not prone to fracture and deformation, and has a long service life.
  • a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a steel structural member, and the materials used for the steel structural member include the above-mentioned Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel.
  • the materials used for the steel structure include the above-mentioned Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel, so that the strength of the steel structure is increased, and the steel structure does not need to increase the thickness of the steel structure to further ensure the steel structure.
  • the reliability of the parts is conducive to the miniaturization of steel structural parts.
  • a sixth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, including the above-mentioned steel structural member.
  • the steel structure part is applied to electronic equipment, which reduces the risk of the steel structure part in the electronic equipment falling from a height and breaking and the risk of deformation during use, thereby improving the quality of the electronic equipment.
  • the strength of the steel structure is relatively large, and the steel structure does not need to increase the thickness to ensure the reliability of the steel structure, which is conducive to the miniaturization of electronic equipment; and the light weight is conducive to the lightening of electronic equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing Fe-Mn-Al-C based light-weight steel according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the structural components of consumer electronic products are generally small precision parts with complex three-dimensional curved surface structures, and bear the requirements of smooth operation and structural reliability of the mechanism. Therefore, the requirements for materials are multi-dimensional, except for light weight/low density.
  • the requirements at least include strength (such as yield strength, tensile strength), plasticity and toughness (such as elongation), forming process (casting, forging, stamping, digital control precision machining (CNC), etc.), and the mutual Constraints.
  • the terminal of the embodiment of the present application includes Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel.
  • the terminal is a consumer electronic product, which includes structural components, and at least one structural component is composed of the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel has the advantages of low density/light weight, high strength, and can be prepared by a metal injection molding (Metal injection molding) process.
  • the metal injection molding process is suitable for the preparation of small, precise and complex curved parts because of its molding characteristics.
  • the terminal 100 is a foldable mobile phone, which includes a first part 110 and a second part 130 that can be folded to each other, and a rotating shaft disposed between the first part 110 and the second part 130 20 , the first part 110 and the second part 130 are rotated relative to each other through the rotating shaft 20 .
  • the material of the rotating shaft 20 is the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C series lightweight steel is not limited to forming the rotating shaft of the foldable mobile phone, but can also be the camera decoration of the mobile phone and other types of structural components in the mobile phone; -Al-C series lightweight steel can also be used to form structural components in other consumer electronics products.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel can also be applied to vehicles as vehicle-mounted structural parts.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel in the embodiments of the present application includes the following chemical components (the following range values include end values):
  • the weight percentage is greater than or equal to 50.4wt%
  • the weight percentage is 25-35wt%
  • Al the weight percentage is 6-12wt%
  • the weight percentage is 0.8 to 2.0 wt %
  • the weight percentage is 0.005-0.6 wt%.
  • the light-weight steel also selectively contains Si, Ni and Cr, wherein the weight percentage of Si is less than or equal to 0.2 wt %, the weight percentage of Ni is less than or equal to 0.6 wt %, and the weight percentage of Cr is less than or equal to 0.4 wt %.
  • the lightweight steel also selectively contains at least one of Cu, V, Ti, Nb, W, Zr, Mo and Re, wherein the total weight of Cu, V, Ti, Nb, W, Zr, Mo and Re is 100%. Partial content ⁇ 1wt%.
  • the light-weight steel may also contain other unavoidable impurity elements, but the content thereof is extremely low and can be ignored.
  • the light-weight steel has low density, the density is 5.9-7.0g/cm 3 ; compared with the density of conventional steel of 7.98g/cm 3 , the weight is reduced by about 25%-14%; thus, the density of mobile phone consumer electronic products can be significantly reduced. weight, improve user experience.
  • the light-weight steel has high strength, the yield strength reaches 800-1200 Mpa; the plastic toughness is high, and the elongation reaches 2%-20%.
  • the Fe-Mn-Al-C based light steel can be formed by a metal injection molding process using powder raw materials. As shown in Figure 2, the preparation method of the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light steel specifically includes the following steps:
  • powder raw materials include the following chemical components:
  • the powder raw material is formed into a green body.
  • Forming the powder raw material into the green body includes: mixing the powder raw material with a binder; and molding the mixture of the powder raw material and the binder by injection molding (injecting into a mold cavity) into a green body.
  • the preparation method further includes degreasing the green body to remove part of the binder in the green body.
  • the heat treatment of the sintered blank includes: solutionizing the sintered blank; and the sintered blank after aging and solutionizing.
  • the degreasing refers to the process of removing most of the organic binder from the green body formed by injection molding by catalyzing, heating, dissolving and other methods before the sintering treatment.
  • the binder is a special binder for alloy powder, usually an organic binder, which is used to bond the powder raw materials into a whole, which is convenient for subsequent injection molding.
  • the sintering refers to the process of converting powdery materials (powder raw materials described in this application) into dense bodies, and by heating molecules or atoms in the solid state to obtain enough energy to migrate, so that the powder body produces particle cohesion, A process that creates strength and leads to densification and recrystallization.
  • the sintering in the embodiment of the present application may be heated to 1200° C. ⁇ 1300° C. for 0.5 ⁇ 3 hours. During sintering, the binder will be removed.
  • the solid solution refers to the heat treatment process of heating the alloy (the sintered product of the present application) to a high temperature single-phase region and maintaining it at a constant temperature, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved into the solid solution and then rapidly cooled to obtain a supersaturated solid solution; solution treatment The purpose is to dissolve the carbides and ⁇ ' in the matrix to obtain a uniform supersaturated solid solution, so as to facilitate the re-precipitation of fine-grained and uniformly distributed carbides and strengthening phases such as ⁇ ' during aging, and eliminate the stress caused by hot and cold processing. , to recrystallize the alloy.
  • the solid solution in the embodiments of the present application may be solid solution at a temperature of 980 to 1150° C. for 0.5 to 4 hours.
  • the aging refers to the heat treatment process in which the product of the present application after sintering and solid solution is placed at a higher temperature or room temperature to maintain its shape, size, and performance changing with time.
  • the aging in the embodiment of the present application may be 0.5-36 hours at a temperature of 450-600°C.
  • the atomization method, reduction method, mechanical grinding method, etc. can be used to prepare the powder raw materials; the particle size distribution range of the powder raw materials, the binder system and ratio, and the degreasing method are conventional in the field. and can be adjusted accordingly as needed.
  • composition and properties of the Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel disclosed in the present application can be obtained by controlling the chemical composition and proportion of the powder raw materials and adopting the above-mentioned metal injection molding process.
  • selecting and adjusting the metal injection molding process The specific process parameters of the forming process have the possibility of further reducing the density of the lightweight steel and improving the strength and plastic toughness.
  • the powder raw material includes the following chemical components:
  • Powder raw materials can generally be divided into two production methods: one is pre-alloying to make powder, and each element exists in the form of an alloy; Still manifested as multi-element or multi-compound.
  • oxygen (O) may exist in the form of iron oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, etc., or microscopically, oxygen atoms exist in the gaps of metal atoms (eg, Fe).
  • the C element in the powder raw material forms a carbide phase strengthening phase to improve the strength of the steel;
  • Cu can be used as a dispersed phase;
  • Cr improves corrosion resistance to a certain extent;
  • O formation strengthening can be adjusted during the sintering process;
  • Si is used to improve C activity, Promote the dissolution of C element in the precipitates during aging;
  • Ni helps to refine the grains, and studies have shown that it will be enriched at the second phase interface.
  • the main crystal structure of the lightweight steel is austenite, and the main strengthening phase includes strengthening phases of intermetallic compound type, such as FeMn, FeAl, Fe 3 Al, etc.; carbide strengthening phases, such as MC 3 , M 7 C 3 , M 23 C 6 etc. (wherein M represents a metal element).
  • the composition of the lightweight steel in the examples of the present application innovatively introduces an oxide strengthening phase, which is mainly a strengthening phase formed by oxygen and aluminum, while oxygen in conventional smelted steel is an impurity element, which needs to be controlled.
  • a functional coating can be formed on the surface of the Fe-Mn-Al-C light steel according to requirements, and the coating can be formed by processes such as passivation, electroplating, spraying, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and the like.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a steel structure (not shown in the figure), which is formed by the above-mentioned preparation method.
  • the steel structural member is prepared by the above method, so that the steel structural member has low density, high strength, and high ductility; the steel structural member is not prone to fracture and deformation, and has a long service life.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a steel structure member (not shown in the figure), and the material used for the steel structure member includes the above-mentioned Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel.
  • the materials used for the steel structure include the above-mentioned Fe-Mn-Al-C series light-weight steel, so that the strength of the steel structure is increased, and the steel structure does not need to increase the thickness of the steel structure to further ensure the steel structure.
  • the reliability of the parts is conducive to the miniaturization of steel structural parts.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device (not shown in the figure), which includes the above-mentioned steel structure member.
  • the steel structure part is applied to electronic equipment, which reduces the risk of the steel structure part in the electronic equipment falling from a height and breaking and the risk of deformation during use, thereby improving the quality of the electronic equipment.
  • the strength of the steel structure is relatively large, and the steel structure does not need to increase the thickness to ensure the reliability of the steel structure, which is conducive to the miniaturization of electronic equipment; and the light weight is conducive to the lightening of electronic equipment.
  • Step 1 Prepare the alloy powder by atomization.
  • the powder particle size D50 is 5-15 ⁇ m (50% of the particles have a particle size of 5-15 ⁇ m), and D90 is less than or equal to 45 ⁇ m (90% of the particles have a particle size of less than or equal to 45 ⁇ m).
  • Group different alloy powder raw materials the powder chemical composition is shown in the powder examples 1-7 in Table 1, wherein Table 1 does not list the weight percent content of Fe, in each powder component 1 minus the weight percent content of all other elements, is the weight percentage of Fe.
  • Step 2 Mix the above-mentioned seven groups of powders with the binder in a volume ratio of 56:44 respectively at 180°C to prepare seven groups of feeding materials.
  • the binder components used are: polyoxymethylene (POM): ethylene-acetic acid Ethylene copolymer (EVA): polyethylene (PE): microcrystalline wax (CW): stearic acid (SA) in a weight ratio of 85:1:5.5:2:1.
  • Step 3 Put the seven groups of feeding materials in the injection molding machine respectively, and inject them into the mold cavity respectively, and mold seven groups of green bodies; adopt the catalytic degreasing process for the molded green bodies, and the temperature is At 130°C, the catalyst adopts fuming nitric acid to remove part of the binder in the green body.
  • Step 4 Each group of green bodies is sequentially subjected to high temperature sintering for 2 to 3 hours, solid solution for 1 hour and aging for 2 hours to obtain at least one sample (lightweight steel). Please refer to Table 2 for the sintering temperature, solution temperature and aging temperature corresponding to each sample (light steel).
  • sample 1-1 is heated to 1200 ⁇ 5°C for 2 to 3 hours and then sintered to form, solid solution at 1100 ⁇ 5°C for 1 hour, and aged at 500 ⁇ 5°C for 2 hours.
  • each sample (light steel) is detailed in Table 1.
  • Each group of powder raw materials in the first to sixth groups is finally sintered, solid solution, and aging to obtain 3 to 5 samples (light steel) with differences in chemical composition, and the difference in chemical composition is mainly due to sintering, solid solution. , and aging process parameters; the seventh group of powder raw materials corresponds to a sample (light steel).
  • Sample 1-1 had a density of 6.96 g/cm 3 , a yield strength of 881 MPa, and an elongation of 12%.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，包括：Fe，其重量百分含量大于等于50.4wt％；Mn，其重量百分含量为25～35wt％；Al，其重量百分含量为6～12wt％；C，其重量百分含量为0.8～2.0wt％；以及O，其重量百分含量0.005～0.6wt％。本申请还提供应用该种Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的终端、该Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法、钢结构件以及电子设备。本申请的轻质钢具有低密度、高强度和高延展性。

Description

Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢及其制备方法、终端、钢结构件和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2020年08月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010865504.5、申请名称为“Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢及其制备方法、终端、钢结构件和电子设备”的中国专利的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢及其制备方法，以及应用该Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的终端、钢结构件和电子设备。
背景技术
现有的折叠手机的转轴机构，基本由两种材质组成，一种是为沉淀硬化型钢材，该种材质力学性能上具备良好的综合性能，强度高，韧性良好，屈服强度约1000Mp，延伸率约6％，但密度较高，约7.8g/cm 3；另一种为铝合金材质，具有较低的密度，约2.7g/cm 3，但强度较低，对于目前广泛商用最高强度等级的7系铝合金，如7075，屈服强度约500Mpa，使用过程中易于发生变形。
发明内容
本申请实施例第一方面提供了一种Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，包括：
Fe，其重量百分含量大于等于50.4wt％；
Mn，其重量百分含量为25～35wt％；
Al，其重量百分含量为6～12wt％；
C，其重量百分含量为0.8～2.0wt％；以及
O，其重量百分含量0.005～0.6wt％。
所述Al元素改善所述轻质钢的密度，使所述轻质钢具有达到轻质的效果，所述C元素形成碳化相强化相提升轻质钢的强度；O元素形成强化。本申请的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢为具有高强度、高延展性、低密度的材料。
本申请实施方式中，所述轻质钢还含有Si、Ni和Cr，其中Si的重量百分含量≤0.2wt％，Ni的重量百分含量≤0.6wt％，Cr的重量百分含量≤0.4wt％。
所述Si用以提升C活性，促进时效时析出物中C元素的溶入；所述Cr一定程度上提升钢材的耐蚀性；所述Ni有助于细化晶粒，会在第二相界面处富集。
本申请实施方式中，所述轻质钢还含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo、Re中的至少一种，其中Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re总的重量百分含量≤1wt％。
所述轻质钢还含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo、Re中的至少一种可进一步提升所述轻质钢的性能；例如Cu可作为轻质钢中的弥散相。
本申请实施方式中，所述轻质钢使用粉末原料经金属注射成型工艺形成。
采用金属注射成型工艺可制得小型、精密、复杂曲线的轻质钢零件，从而可广泛应用到各类电子产品中。
本申请实施方式中，所述粉末原料包括如下化学成分：28wt％≤Mn≤35wt％，6wt％≤Al≤12wt％，0.7wt％≤C≤1.8wt％，0.003wt％≤O≤0.4wt％，0≤Si≤0.2wt％，0≤Ni≤0.6wt％，0≤Cr≤0.4wt％，0≤Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re≤1wt％，剩余为Fe；其中，Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re指含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re中的至少一种，且Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re总的重量百分含量。
采用上述粉末原料可得到本申请组分配比的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，其具有高强度、高延展性、低密度。
本申请实施方式中，所述轻质钢的密度为5.9～7.0g/cm 3，屈服强度为800～1200Mpa，延伸率为2％～20％。
所述轻质钢具有低密度、高强度、高延展性；钢的强度较大，采用此轻质钢的钢结构件无需通过增加厚度来保证钢结构件的可靠性，有利于钢结构件的小型化，从而有利于电子设备的小型化。
本申请实施方式中，所述轻质钢的表面形成有功能涂层。
所述功能涂层作为装饰层进一步美化所述轻质层，或作为功能涂层进一步保护或功能化所述轻质钢。
本申请实施例第二方面提供了一种终端，包括所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢。
所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢具有低密度/轻质、高强度、高延展性、可采用适合于小型、精密、复杂曲线零件的金属注射成型工艺制备，可有效提升终端的性能和/或使用寿命。
本申请实施方式中，所述终端为消费电子样品，其包括结构类零部件，至少一结构类零部件为所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢构成。
所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质具有低密度、高强度、高延展性，降低了终端中的结构类零部件发生断裂、变形的风险，提升终端的质量，且密度低，利于终端产品的轻型化。
本申请实施方式中，所述终端为包括转轴的折叠手机，所述转轴由所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢构成。
所述转轴由所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢构成，降低了折叠手机的转轴自高处跌落而断裂的风险，降低了转轴使用过程中发生变形的风险，从而提升折叠手机的质量。
本申请实施例第三方面提供了一种Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法，包括：
制备粉末原料，所述粉末原料包括如下化学成分：
28wt％≤Mn≤35wt％，6wt％≤Al≤12wt％，0.7wt％≤C≤1.8wt％，0.003wt％≤O≤0.4wt％，0≤Si≤0.2wt％，0≤Ni≤0.6wt％，0≤Cr≤0.4wt％，0≤Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re≤1wt％，剩余为Fe；其中，Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re指含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re中的至少一种，且Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re总的重量百分含量；以及
使用所述粉末原料并采用金属注射成型工艺制备得到所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢。
采用上述粉末原料并经金属注射成型工艺可得到本申请组分配比的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，其具有高强度、高延展性、和低密度；所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢在高强度作用力下不易发生形变或断裂。
本申请实施方式中，所述金属注射成型工艺包括：
将所述粉末原料形成生坯；
烧结所述生坯形成烧结坯；以及
热处理所述烧结坯。
采用本申请提供的金属注射成型工艺成形的轻质钢，能够一次有效地获得三维复杂精密的钢结构件，相比于传统机械加工，例如计算机数字控制机床成形复杂精密的钢结构件无需额外加工，提高了制备复杂精密的钢材的生产效率，降低了制备钢材的成本，有利于钢材的大规模生产。
本申请实施方式中，将所述粉末原料形成所述生坯包括：将所述粉末原料与粘结剂混合；以及将所述粉末原料与所述粘结剂的混合物通过注塑方式成型为生坯。
通过注塑成形的方式形成轻质钢的生坯，不仅成形效率高、成本低，而且能够一次有效地获得三维复杂精密的轻质钢的生坯，提高了制备复杂精密的轻质钢的生产效率。粉末原料与粘结剂混合，粉末原料具有一定的流动性，减小了或避免了生坯出现裂纹或掉角等缺陷。与此同时，粉末原料与粘结剂混合，成形后的生坯具有一定的强度，自模腔中脱出能够维持形状，减小了或避免了生坯的形变，从而提高了成品率。
本申请实施方式中，烧结所述生坯前，所述制备方法还包括对所述生坯进行脱脂以除去所述生坯中的部分粘结剂。
在一些实施例中，通过催化脱脂的方式去除生坯中的粘结剂。催化脱脂去除粘结剂是利用聚合物在特定气氛下可以发生快速降解的特性，使生坯在相应的气氛中发生脱脂，分解粘结剂以去除粘结剂。在本申请实施例中，通过催化脱脂的方式去除生坯中的粘结剂，不仅能够快速无缺陷的脱脂，而且能够增加脱脂的效率，从而提高制备钢材的效率。
本申请实施方式中，热处理所述烧结坯包括：固溶所述烧结坯；以及时效固溶后的所述烧结坯。
热处理可进一步强化所述轻质钢的性能。
本申请实施例第四方面提供了一种钢结构件，其采用上述的制备方法成形。
所述钢结构件采用上述的方法制得，使得钢结构件具有低密度、高强度、和高延展性；所述钢结构件不易发生断裂和变形，使用寿命长。
本申请实施例第五方面提供了一种钢结构件，所述钢结构件采用的材料包括上述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢。
所述钢结构件采用的材料包括上述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，使得钢结构件的强度加大，此钢结构件无需通过增加钢结构件的厚度来进一步地保证钢结构件的可靠性，有利于钢结构件的小型化。
本申请实施例第六方面提供了一种电子设备，包括上述的钢结构件。
所述钢结构件应用于电子设备，降低了电子设备中的钢结构件自高处跌落而断裂以及使用过程中变形的风险，从而提高了电子设备的质量。与此同时，钢结构件的强度较大，钢结构件无需通过增加厚度来保证钢结构件的可靠性，有利于电子设备的小型化；且质轻，有利于电子设备的轻型化。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例的终端的结构示意图。
图2是本申请实施例的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法的流程示意图。
主要元件符号说明
终端 100
第一部分 110
第二部分 130
转轴 20
具体实施方式
下面结合本申请实施例中的附图对本申请实施例进行描述。
消费电子产品的结构类零部件，一般均为小型精密零件、具备复杂三维曲面结构，承担机构运转顺畅性与结构可靠性的要求，因而对材料的要求是多维度的，除了轻质/低密度的要求外，至少包含强度(如屈服强度、抗拉强度)、塑韧性(如延伸率)、成型工艺(铸造、锻压、冲压、数字化控制精密机械加工(CNC)等)，各维度之间相互制约。
本申请实施例的终端，其包括Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢。所述终端为消费电子产品，其包括结构类零部件，至少一结构类零部件为所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢构成。所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢具有低密度/轻质、高强度、可采用金属注射成型(Metal injection molding)工艺制备的优点。金属注射成型工艺因其成型特性适合于小型、精密、复杂曲线零件的制备。
例如，如图1所示，所述终端100为折叠手机，其包括可相互折叠的第一部分110和第二部分130，以及设置在所述第一部分110和所述第二部分130之间的转轴20，所述第一部分110和所述第二部分130通过所述转轴20实现相对转动。所述转轴20的材质为所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢。可以理解的，所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢不限于形成折叠手机的转轴，还可为手机的摄像头装饰件、手机中的其他类型的结构类零部件；所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢也可用于形成其他消费电子产品中的结构类零部件。可以理解的，所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢还可应用于车辆上，作为车载结构件。
本申请实施例的所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，包括如下化学成分(下述的范围值包括端值)：
Fe，重量百分含量大于等于50.4wt％；
Mn，重量百分含量为25～35wt％；
Al，重量百分含量为6～12wt％；
C，重量百分含量为0.8～2.0wt％；以及
O，重量百分含量0.005～0.6wt％。
所述轻质钢还选择性含有Si、Ni和Cr，其中Si的重量百分含量≤0.2wt％，Ni的重量百分含量≤0.6wt％，Cr的重量百分含量≤0.4wt％。
所述轻质钢还选择性含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re中的至少一种，其中Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re总的重量百分含量≤1wt％。
可以理解的，所述轻质钢中可能还含有其他不可避免杂质元素，但其含量极低，可忽略不计。
所述轻质钢具有低密度，密度为5.9～7.0g/cm 3；相较常规钢材的密度7.98g/cm 3，减重约25％～14％；从而可明显降低手机类消费电子产品的重量，提升用户体验。此外，所述轻质钢的强度高，屈服强度达到800～1200Mpa；塑韧性高，延伸率达到2％～20％。
所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢可使用粉末原料经金属注射成型工艺形成。如图2所示，所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法具体包括如下步骤：
S1：制备粉末原料，所述粉末原料包括如下化学成分：
28wt％≤Mn≤35wt％，6wt％≤Al≤12wt％，0.7wt％≤C≤1.8wt％，0.003wt％≤O≤0.4wt％，0≤Si≤0.2wt％，0≤Ni≤0.6wt％，0≤Cr≤0.4wt％，0≤Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re≤1wt％，剩余为Fe；其中，Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re指含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re中的至少一种，且Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re总的重量百分含量。
S2：将所述粉末原料形成生坯。
S3：烧结所述生坯形成烧结坯。
S4：热处理所述烧结坯。
将所述粉末原料形成所述生坯包括：将所述粉末原料与粘结剂混合；以及将所述粉末原料与所述粘结剂的混合物通过注塑方式(注射到模具型腔中)成型为生坯。
烧结所述生坯前，所述制备方法还包括对所述生坯进行脱脂以除去所述生坯中的部分粘结剂。
热处理所述烧结坯包括：固溶所述烧结坯；以及时效固溶后的所述烧结坯。
所述脱脂，是指烧结处理前，将注射塑形而成的生坯通过催化、加热、溶解等方法去除其中大部分有机粘结剂的过程。
所述粘结剂采用合金粉末专用的粘结剂，通常为有机粘结剂，用以将粉末原料粘结为一体，便于后续注射成型。
所述烧结，是指把粉状物料(本申请所述的粉末原料)转变为致密体的工艺过程，通过加热使固态中的分子或原子获得足够的能量进行迁移，使粉末体产生颗粒黏结，产生强度并导致致密化和再结晶的过程。例如，本申请实施例烧结可为加热至1200℃～1300℃保温0.5～3h。烧结过程中，粘结剂将被去除。
所述固溶，是指将合金(本申请烧结后的产品)加热到高温单相区恒温保持，使过剩相充分溶解到固溶体中后快速冷却，以得到过饱和固溶体的热处理工；固溶处理的目的是为了溶解基体内碳化物、γ’相等以得到均匀的过饱和固溶体，便于时效时重新析出颗粒细小、分布均匀的碳化物和γ’等强化相，同时消除由于冷热加工产生的应力，使合金发生再结晶。例如，本申请实施例固溶可为980～1150℃温度下固溶0.5～4h。
所述时效，指本申请烧固溶后的产品，在较高的温度或室温放置保持其形状、尺寸，性能随时间而变化的热处理工艺。例如，本申请实施例时效可为450～600℃温度下时效0.5～36h。
本申请实施例，制备所述粉末原料可采用雾化法、还原法、机械研磨法等；所述粉末原料的粒径分布范围、采用粘结剂体系与配比，脱脂方式等采用本领域常规的方式且可以根据需要进行相应调整。
通过控制所述粉末原料的化学成分及配比，并采用上述的金属注射成型工艺可以获取本申请公开的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的成分与性能，另外，选取并调整金属注射成型工艺具体的工艺参数，存在进一步降低轻质钢的密度，提升强度与塑韧性的可能性。
本申请实施例，所述粉末原料包括如下化学成分：
28wt％≤Mn≤35wt％，6wt％≤Al≤12wt％，0.7wt％≤C≤1.8wt％，0.003wt％≤O≤0.4wt％，0≤Si≤0.2wt％，0≤Ni≤0.6wt％，0≤Cr≤0.4wt％，0≤Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re≤1wt％，剩余为 Fe；其中，Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re指含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re中的至少一种，且Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re总的重量百分含量。
粉末原料一般可以分为两种制法：一种是预先合金化后制成粉末，各元素均以合金的方式存在，另一种是多种单质元素或多种化合物，调整比例混合而成，仍体现为多单质或多化合物。本申请实施例中氧(O)的存在形式可以为氧化铁、氧化铝、氧化铬等，或者微观上氧原子存在于金属原子(如Fe)的间隙之中。
所述粉末原料中的C元素，形成碳化相强化相提升钢材强度；Cu可作为弥散相；Cr一定程度上提升耐蚀性；O形成强化可在烧结过程中调整；Si用以提升C活性，促进时效时析出物中C元素的溶入；Ni有助于细化晶粒，且有研究表明其会在第二相界面处富集。
所述轻质钢的主体晶体结构为奥氏体，主强化相包括金属间化合物类型的强化相，如FeMn、FeAl、Fe 3Al等；碳化物强化相，如MC 3、M 7C 3、M 23C 6等(其中M代表金属元素)。本申请实施例的所述轻质钢的成分创新性地引入了氧化物强化相，主要为氧与铝形成的强化相，而常规熔炼钢材中氧为杂质元素，需要加以控制。
所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的表面可根据需要形成有功能涂层，所述涂层可采用钝化、电镀、喷涂、物理气相沉积(PVD)等工艺形成。
本申请实施例还提供一种钢结构件(图未示)，其采用上述的制备方法成形。所述钢结构件采用上述的方法制得，使得钢结构件具有低密度、高强度、和高延展性；所述钢结构件不易发生断裂和变形，使用寿命长。
本申请实施例还提供一种钢结构件(图未示)，所述钢结构件采用的材料包括上述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢。所述钢结构件采用的材料包括上述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，使得钢结构件的强度加大，此钢结构件无需通过增加钢结构件的厚度来进一步地保证钢结构件的可靠性，有利于钢结构件的小型化。
本申请实施例还提供一种电子设备(图未示)，其包括上述的钢结构件。所述钢结构件应用于电子设备，降低了电子设备中的钢结构件自高处跌落而断裂以及使用过程中变形的风险，从而提高了电子设备的质量。与此同时，钢结构件的强度较大，钢结构件无需通过增加厚度来保证钢结构件的可靠性，有利于电子设备的小型化；且质轻，有利于电子设备的轻型化。
下面通过具体实施例对本申请实施例的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法进行进一步的说明。
步骤一：雾化法制备合金粉末，粉末粒径D50为5～15μm(50％的颗粒的粒径为5～15μm)，D90≤45μm(90％的颗粒的粒径≤45μm)，共制备七组不同合金粉末原料，粉末化学成分见表一的粉末实施例1～7，其中表一未列出Fe的重量百分含量，每一粉末成分中1减去其他所有元素的重量百分含量，即为Fe的重量百分含量。
步骤二：将上述七组粉末分别与粘结剂按照56：44的体积比，在180℃下充分混合制备成七组喂料，使用的粘结剂成分：聚甲醛(POM)：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)：聚乙烯(PE)：微晶蜡(CW)：硬脂酸(SA)按重量比85:1:5.5:2:1。
步骤三：将七组喂料分别置于注射成型机中，并分别注射到模具型腔内，塑形成型出七组生坯；并对塑型而成的生坯采用催化脱脂工艺，温度为130℃，催化剂采用发烟硝酸，去除生坯中部分的粘结剂。
步骤四：将每一组生坯依次进行高温烧结2～3h、固溶1h和时效2h处理得到至少一个样品(轻质钢)。各个样品(轻质钢)对应的烧结温度、固溶温度、时效温度具体请参表二。例如，样品1-1为加热至1200℃±5℃保温2～3h烧结成形，1100±5℃温度下固溶1h，500±5℃温度下时效2h。
各个样品(轻质钢)的化学成分具体请参表一。第一至六组中的每一组粉末原料最终经烧结、固溶、时效对应得到化学成分存在差异的3～5个样品(轻质钢)，而化学成分的差异主要是由于烧结、固溶、时效的工艺参数差异导致；第七组粉末原料对应一个样品(轻质钢)。
表一
Figure PCTCN2021090830-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021090830-appb-000002
对上述得到的所有样品(轻质钢)进行性能检测，包括密度、屈服强度和延伸率。各个样品(轻质钢)的测试结果具体请参表二。例如，样品1-1的密度为6.96g/cm 3，屈服强度为881MPa，延伸率为12％。
表二
Figure PCTCN2021090830-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021090830-appb-000004
从上可以看出，采用粉末烧结及后续固溶与时效的热处理方式，可获取密度为5.9～7.0g/cm 3，屈服强度为800～1200Mpa，同时具备延伸率为2％～20％的轻质钢，这主要归因于材料成分的调配带来的烧结成形及氧化物强化相的引入。
需要说明的是，以上仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内；在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，其特征在于，包括：
    Fe，其重量百分含量大于等于50.4wt％；
    Mn，其重量百分含量为25～35wt％；
    Al，其重量百分含量为6～12wt％；
    C，其重量百分含量为0.8～2.0wt％；以及
    O，其重量百分含量0.005～0.6wt％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，其特征在于，所述轻质钢还含有Si、Ni和Cr，其中Si的重量百分含量≤0.2wt％，Ni的重量百分含量≤0.6wt％，Cr的重量百分含量≤0.4wt％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，其特征在于，所述轻质钢还含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re中的至少一种，其中Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re总的重量百分含量≤1wt％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，其特征在于，所述轻质钢使用粉末原料经金属注射成型工艺形成。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，其特征在于，所述粉末原料包括如下化学成分：28wt％≤Mn≤35wt％，6wt％≤Al≤12wt％，0.7wt％≤C≤1.8wt％，0.003wt％≤O≤0.4wt％，0≤Si≤0.2wt％，0≤Ni≤0.6wt％，0≤Cr≤0.4wt％，0≤Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re≤1wt％，剩余为Fe；其中，Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re指含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re中的至少一种，且Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re总的重量百分含量。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，其特征在于，所述轻质钢的密度为5.9～7.0g/cm 3，屈服强度为800～1200Mpa，延伸率为2％～20％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢，其特征在于，所述轻质钢的表面形成有功能涂层。
  8. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至7中任意一项所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端为消费电子产品，其包括结构类零部件，至少一结构类零部件为所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢构成。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端为包括转轴的折叠手机，所述转轴由所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢构成。
  11. 一种Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
    制备粉末原料，所述粉末原料包括如下化学成分：
    28wt％≤Mn≤35wt％，6wt％≤Al≤12wt％，0.7wt％≤C≤1.8wt％，0.003wt％≤O≤0.4wt％，0≤Si≤0.2wt％，0≤Ni≤0.6wt％，0≤Cr≤0.4wt％，0≤Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re≤1wt％，剩余为Fe；其中，Cu+V+Ti+Nb+W+Zr+Mo+Re指含有Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re中的至少一种，且Cu、V、Ti、Nb、W、Zr、Mo和Re总的重量百分含量；以及
    使用所述粉末原料并采用金属注射成型工艺制备得到所述Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法，其特征在于，
    所述金属注射成型工艺包括：
    将所述粉末原料形成生坯；
    烧结所述生坯形成烧结坯；以及
    热处理所述烧结坯。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法，其特征在于，
    将所述粉末原料形成所述生坯包括：将所述粉末原料与粘结剂混合；以及将所述粉末原料与所述粘结剂的混合物通过注塑方式成型为生坯。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法，其特征在于，烧结所述生坯前，所述制备方法还包括对所述生坯进行脱脂以除去所述生坯中的部分粘结剂。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的制备方法，其特征在于，热处理所述烧结坯包括：固溶所述烧结坯；以及时效固溶后的所述烧结坯。
  16. 一种钢结构件，其特征在于，采用如权利要求11至15中任一项所述的制备方法成形。
  17. 一种钢结构件，其特征在于，所述钢结构件采用的材料包括如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢。
  18. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求16或17所述的钢结构件。
PCT/CN2021/090830 2020-08-25 2021-04-29 Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢及其制备方法、终端、钢结构件和电子设备 WO2022041819A1 (zh)

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