WO2022041660A1 - 一种水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022041660A1
WO2022041660A1 PCT/CN2021/075306 CN2021075306W WO2022041660A1 WO 2022041660 A1 WO2022041660 A1 WO 2022041660A1 CN 2021075306 W CN2021075306 W CN 2021075306W WO 2022041660 A1 WO2022041660 A1 WO 2022041660A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
probe
concrete member
elastic modulus
box
concrete
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PCT/CN2021/075306
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
鲍玖文
于子浩
张鹏
李树国
赵铁军
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青岛理工大学
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Application filed by 青岛理工大学 filed Critical 青岛理工大学
Priority to US17/610,988 priority Critical patent/US11946923B2/en
Publication of WO2022041660A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022041660A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/08—Investigation of foundation soil in situ after finishing the foundation structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
    • G01N33/383—Concrete or cement

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of durability monitoring of concrete structures, and relates to an in-situ monitoring device and method for freezing and thawing damage of underwater concrete components. Bit evaluation.
  • the device and method for testing the elastic modulus of concrete members on site are mainly applicable to concrete members on land, for example: a device for measuring elastic modulus of concrete with a level disclosed in Chinese Patent 201710222638.3, including an upper ring and a lower ring, The upper and lower rings are arranged up and down, and both the upper and lower rings are provided with fastening devices for fixing the concrete to be tested; the upper ring is also provided with a circular level, and between the upper and lower rings is fixed a The positioning plate is used to fix the distance between the upper ring and the lower ring; a dial indicator bracket is arranged on the upper ring, and a contact rod is arranged on the lower ring, and the distance between the dial indicator bracket and the contact bar is used for A dial indicator is placed; it calculates the value of
  • a portable dynamic elastic modulus measuring instrument controlled by a mobile terminal disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 201810780463.2 includes: a host, a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the host includes a broadcast module, a device connection module, a processor and a lithium-ion battery.
  • the host It is a cuboid.
  • the broadcast module, device connection module, processor, and lithium-ion battery are installed inside the host.
  • the transmitter and receiver are outside the host.
  • the transmitter and receiver are connected to the host through cables, and the mobile terminal is connected to the device of the device.
  • the modules are connected one-to-one and have two-way wireless communication through the broadcast module.
  • the device connection module is used to send the device identification information to the target mobile terminal before the broadcast module broadcasts, so that the mobile terminal can accurately and quickly control the device.
  • the broadcast module is used to transmit the information between the mobile terminal and the device.
  • the processor is used to control the switch and adjustment of the transmitter and the receiver, and at the same time convert the information received by the broadcasting module into digital signals, and transmit the signals to the transmitter, the receiver transmits the detected signals to the processor, and the processor transmits the signals to the processor. Convert and send to the mobile terminal via the broadcast module.
  • the mobile terminal is used to control the device, calculate data and display the result, wherein the calculation data and the display result refer to the mobile terminal performing a series of calculations such as Fourier transform on the received data through its own processor to obtain the resonance frequency. , displays the real-time occurrence frequency, the spectrogram at the current frequency and the current amplitude frequency.
  • the resonance frequency is automatically displayed to calculate the dynamic elastic modulus.
  • the mobile terminal can control the device by downloading the social client or offline app; it obtains the resonance frequency by measuring the frequency and amplitude of the test piece through a series of calculations such as Fourier transform, and uses the resonance frequency to calculate the dynamic elastic mode. quantity.
  • Step S1 send a preset excitation signal to the PZT exciter attached to the surface of the concrete to be measured
  • Step S2 Use the PZT sensor array to receive the velocity measurement signal generated by the PZT exciter, and obtain the Rayleigh wave velocity CR according to the received velocity measurement signal, wherein the velocity measurement signal is generated by the PZT exciter being stimulated by the preset excitation signal
  • Step S3 obtain the concrete elastic modulus E through the Rayleigh wave velocity CR; it measures the Rayleigh wave velocity through the PZT exciter and PZT sensor array pasted on the concrete surface, and according to the Rayleigh wave velocity The elastic modulus of concrete is obtained.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art that the freeze-thaw damage of underwater concrete members cannot be monitored in real time and continuously in situ, and seeks to design an in-situ monitoring device for freeze-thaw damage of underwater concrete members based on elastic modulus and method.
  • the main structure of the in-situ monitoring device for freezing and thawing damage of underwater concrete components involved in the present invention includes an upper connecting rod, a concrete component, a transverse sealing box, a longitudinal sealing box, a moving guide rod, a probe launching box, a multi-channel Data collector, FM transmitter, computer, auxiliary wheel, lower connecting rod and wireless temperature sensor; one end of the upper connecting rod is connected with the concrete member, the other end is connected with the transverse sealing box, and the transverse sealing box is respectively connected with the longitudinal sealing box and the moving guide.
  • the longitudinal sealing box is connected with the probe launching box through the secondary pulley set in the longitudinal sealing box, the probe launching box is connected with the multi-channel data collector, the multi-channel data collector is connected with the computer through the FM transmitter, and the guide rod is moved.
  • Two rows of auxiliary wheels arranged on the probe launching box are connected to one end of the lower connecting rod, the other end of the lower connecting rod is connected to the concrete member, and a wireless temperature sensor is arranged on the lower connecting rod; Pin launch box and wireless temperature sensor connection.
  • a No. 1 waterproof power supply and a submersible motor are arranged in the transverse sealing box involved in the present invention.
  • the No. 1 waterproof power supply and the submersible motor are connected by a No. 1 wireless switch.
  • the transmission chain involved in the present invention is sequentially connected with the main pulley, the reel and the secondary pulley through the guide wheel.
  • the probe launch box involved in the present invention is provided with a No. 2 waterproof power supply and a spring group.
  • the No. 2 waterproof power supply is connected to the electromagnet through the No. 2 wireless switch, and the spring group is connected to a steel plate frame.
  • the right end of the steel plate frame is provided with a No. 1 magnet
  • the end of the probe launching box is provided with a conduit with an inner hollow structure
  • the inner end of the conduit is provided with a No. 2 magnet
  • the outer end of the conduit is provided with a pulley
  • the conduit is provided with a launch guide rod
  • a sealing rubber ring is arranged between the conduit and the launch guide rod, and a probe is set at the end of the launch guide rod.
  • the upper connecting rod and the concrete member and the lateral sealing box, the lower connecting rod and the concrete member and the moving guide rod, and the probe launching box and the auxiliary wheel are all connected by the locking nut, and the lateral sealing box and the probe launching box are connected with the anti-loosening nut.
  • the loose nuts and between the probe launch box and the secondary pulley are sealed, which has a good waterproof effect;
  • the transverse sealing box, the longitudinal sealing box and the probe launching box are electrical sealing boxes made of stainless steel with a thickness of 5mm;
  • the upper and lower connecting rods are made of seamless steel pipes with an outer diameter of 15mm and an inner diameter of 8mm to ensure that the upper and lower connecting rods are evenly stressed and can reduce their own weight;
  • the multi-channel data collector is electrically connected to the probe;
  • the FM transmitter is a two-way FM transmitter; the No. 1 waterproof power supply and the No.
  • the waterproof power supply are lithium batteries; the wireless temperature sensor can monitor the water temperature in real time to reflect whether the concrete components are in a freeze-thaw state; the submersible motor is an oil-filled submersible motor; a Magnets No. 2 and No. 2 are strong N-pole magnets; the probes are acceleration probes.
  • the calculation formula of the elastic modulus of the concrete member is stored in the computer involved in the present invention: Among them, E2 is the elastic modulus of the concrete member, the unit is MPa, m is the mass of the probe, the unit is kg, E1 is the elastic modulus of the probe, the unit is MPa, and ⁇ 2 is the Poisson's ratio of the concrete member, The dimension is 1, R is the equivalent radius of the probe, the unit is m, vc is the speed of the probe when it hits the concrete member, the unit is m/s, ⁇ is the impact duration of the probe, the unit is s, ⁇ 1 is the Poisson's ratio of the probe, and the dimension is 1; the equivalent radius R of the probe, the Poisson's ratio ⁇ 1 of the probe, the elastic modulus E 1 of the probe and the mass m of the probe are known.
  • the technical process of the in-situ monitoring method for freezing and thawing damage of underwater concrete components involved in the present invention includes four steps: emitting probes, collecting data, calculating elastic modulus and evaluating freezing and thawing damage:
  • the secondary pulley drives the probe launching box to move down.
  • the moving guide rod moves between the two rows of auxiliary wheels to guide the probe launching box to move up and down. maintain stability;
  • the computer calculates the elastic modulus of the concrete member in real time according to the data sent by the FM transmitter and the elastic modulus calculation formula, and draws the concrete member in real time through Matlab (matrix laboratory) and Origin (function drawing software).
  • Matlab matrix laboratory
  • Origin function drawing software
  • the present invention transmits the measured acceleration data to the multi-channel data collector and then transmits it to the computer in real time through the frequency modulation signal transmitter.
  • the elastic modulus of the concrete member is obtained through the calculation formula, and the change curve of the elastic modulus of the concrete member is drawn in real time.
  • the probe that can move up and down is convenient for monitoring the elastic modulus of different parts of the concrete member, realizing simple, fast, accurate and continuous. It measures the elastic modulus of underwater concrete components; its structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and it can be reused.
  • the high-strength magnet of the same pole is used to provide power for the launch of the probe through non-contact force transmission, which solves the problem of sealing.
  • the elastic modulus of the concrete member is calculated, and then the loss of elastic modulus is obtained, and the real-time in-situ monitoring of the freeze-thaw damage of the underwater concrete member is carried out, which solves the cost of monitoring the freeze-thaw damage of the underwater concrete member.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure principle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure principle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure principle of the probe launching box involved in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the data transmission principle of the present invention.
  • the main structure of the in-situ monitoring device for freezing and thawing damage of underwater concrete components involved in this embodiment includes an upper connecting rod 1, a concrete component 2, a transverse sealing box 3, a longitudinal sealing box 4, a moving guide rod 5, a probe launching box 6, Multi-channel data collector 7, FM transmitter 8, computer 9, auxiliary wheel 10, lower link 11, wireless temperature sensor 12, transmission chain 13, lock nut 14, No. 1 waterproof power supply 31, submersible motor 32, No. 1 Wireless switch 33, main pulley 34, reel 35, guide wheel 36, secondary pulley 41, No. 2 waterproof power supply 601, spring group 602, No. 2 wireless switch 603, electromagnet 604, steel frame 605, iron block 606, No. 1 Magnet 607, conduit 608, No.
  • the submersible motor 32 is provided with a main pulley 34, a reel 35 and a guide wheel 36 with a circular structure, and a circular structure is provided in the longitudinal sealing box 4.
  • the secondary pulley 41 of the shape structure, the transmission chain 13 is connected with the main pulley 34, the reel 35 and the secondary pulley 41 in turn through the guide wheel 36 to form a closed loop
  • the longitudinal sealing box 4 is connected with the probe launching box 6 of the cuboid structure
  • the probe launching box 6 is provided with a No. 2 waterproof power supply 601 and a spring group 602 composed of four springs.
  • the No. 2 waterproof power supply 601 is connected to an electromagnet 604 through a No. 2 wireless switch 603.
  • the left end of the steel plate frame 605 is provided with an iron block 606, the right end of the steel plate frame 605 is provided with a No. 1 magnet 607, the end of the probe launching box 6 is provided with a conduit 608 with an inner hollow structure, and the inner end of the conduit 608 is provided with a No.
  • the outer end of the duct 608 is provided with a pulley 610
  • the duct 608 is provided with a launch guide rod 611
  • a sealing rubber ring 612 is set between the duct 608 and the launch guide rod 611
  • the end of the launch guide rod 611 is provided with a probe 613
  • the probe launch box 6 is connected with the multi-channel data collector 7, the multi-channel data collector 7 is connected with the computer 9 through the FM transmitter 8, and the moving guide rod 5 passes through the two rows of auxiliary wheels 10 set on the probe launch box 6 It is connected with one end of the lower connecting rod 11, the other end of the lower connecting rod 11 is connected with the concrete member 2, a wireless temperature sensor 12 is arranged on the lower connecting rod 11, and the computer 9 is respectively connected with the transverse sealing box 3, the probe launching box 6 and the wireless temperature sensor 12.
  • the temperature sensor 12 is connected; the upper connecting rod 1 is connected with the concrete member 2 and the transverse sealing box 3, the lower connecting rod 11 is connected with the concrete member 2 and the moving guide rod 5, and the probe launching box 6 and the auxiliary wheel 10 are all connected by the locking nut 14; Multi-channel data collector 7 with The probes 613 are electrically connected.
  • the in-situ monitoring device for freezing and thawing damage of underwater concrete components involved in this embodiment When the in-situ monitoring device for freezing and thawing damage of underwater concrete components involved in this embodiment is used, after the electromagnet 604 is energized, the iron block 606 is attracted, and the steel plate frame 605 compresses the spring group 602. After the electromagnet 604 is powered off, the magnetic force disappears, and the spring group 602 returns to its original state, and drives the steel plate frame 605 to move to the right quickly, so that the No. 1 magnet 607 and No. 2 magnet 609 repel each other, and the repulsive force sends the probe 613 to the concrete member 2 through the launch guide rod 611, resulting in an impact.
  • the upper link 1 and the lower link 11 involved in this embodiment are connected to the concrete member 2 without damage, which ensures the integrity of the concrete member 2;
  • the main pulley 34 on the submersible motor 32 is connected with the secondary pulley 41 on the probe launching box 6 , the moving guide rod 5 is in contact with the auxiliary wheel 10 on the probe launching box 6, so that the probe 613 can move up and down smoothly;
  • the probe 613 is connected with the multi-channel data collector 7, and the multi-channel data collector 7 is connected with the FM transmitter 8 is connected, the FM transmitter 8 is connected with the computer 9 , so that the data acquired by the probe 613 can be quickly sent to the computer 9 .
  • the in-situ monitoring method for freezing and thawing damage of an underwater concrete component involved in this embodiment is used to monitor a certain underwater concrete component 2.
  • the wireless temperature sensor 12 shows that the underwater temperature is higher than 0°C
  • the water temperature is uploaded to the computer 9, and the computer 9 Turn on the No. 1 wireless switch 33
  • the submersible motor 32 drives the main pulley 34 to rotate
  • the reel 35 collects the transmission chain 13 transmitted by the main pulley 34
  • the transmission chain 13 drives the probe launch box 6 to move up through the secondary pulley 41, so that the probe 613 Located on the upper end of the concrete member 2, at the same time, the computer 9 turns on the No.
  • the electromagnet 604 is energized and generates magnetism, the iron block 606 is attracted to the electromagnet 604, the steel plate frame 605 moves to the left, the spring group 602 is compressed, and the computer 9.
  • the magnetism of the electromagnet 604 disappears, the iron block 606 is released, and the spring group 602 drives the steel plate frame 605 to move to the right in the process of returning to its original state, and a repulsive force is generated between the No. 1 magnet 607 and the No.

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Abstract

一种水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置及方法，装置的主体结构包括上连杆（1）、混凝土构件（2）、横向密封箱（3）、纵向密封箱（4）、移动导杆（5）、探针发射箱（6）、多通道数据采集器（7）、调频发射机（8）、计算机（9）、辅助轮（10）、下连杆（11）和无线温度传感器（12）；方法包括发射探针（613）、采集数据、计算弹性模量和评估冻融损伤共四个步骤；该装置结构简单，操作方便，能够重复利用，采用同极的高强磁铁通过非接触传力的方式为探针（613）的发射提供动力，解决了密封问题，通过探针（613）获取的加速度数据来计算混凝土构件（2）的弹性模量，进而得到弹性模量的损失量，对水下混凝土构件（2）的冻融损伤进行实时的原位监测。

Description

一种水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置及方法 技术领域：
本发明属于混凝土结构耐久性监测技术领域，涉及一种水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置及方法，通过监测水下混凝土构件的弹性模量，对水下混凝土构件的冻融损伤进行原位评估。
背景技术：
在寒冷地区或冻融环境中，混凝土构件内部孔隙中的水分由于结冰产生冻胀应力，导致混凝土构件产生不同程度的损伤，对安全性和耐久性产生不良影响。现有技术中，现场测试混凝土构件弹性模量的装置及方法主要适用于陆地上的混凝土构件，例如：中国专利201710222638.3公开的一种带水准混凝土弹性模量测定装置，包括上环和下环，所述上环和下环上下布置，且上环和下环都设置有固定被测混凝土的紧固装置；所述上环上还设置有圆水准器，在上环和下环之间固定有定位板，所述定位板用于固定上环与下环之间的距离；在上环上设置有千分表支架，在下环上设置有接触杆，千分表支架与接触杆之间用于放置千分表；其通过固定架间的微变形量计算出混凝土的弹性模量值。中国专利201810780463.2公开的一种移动终端控制的便携式动弹性模量测定仪，包括：主机、发射器和接收器，所述主机包括广播模块、设备连接模块、处理器和锂离子电池，所述主机是长方体，主机内部安装广播模块、设备连接模块、处理器、和锂离 子电池，发射器和接收器在主机外部，发射器和接收器与主机通过线缆连接，移动终端与该装置的设备连接模块进行一对一的连接并通过广播模块进行双向无线通信。所述设备连接模块用于在广播模块广播之前，将该装置标识信息发送至目标移动终端，使移动终端准确、快速的控制该装置。所述广播模块用于将移动终端与该装置的信息传递。所述处理器用于控制发射器和接收器的开关及调节，同时将广播模块接收的信息进行数字信号转换，将信号传送给发射器，接收器将检测的信号传送给处理器，处理器将信号进行转换，经由广播模块发送给移动终端。所述移动终端，用于将控制该装置、计算数据并显示结果，其中计算数据并显示结果指的是移动终端经过自身的处理器将接收的数据进行傅里叶变换等一系列计算得到共振频率，显示实时发生频率、当前频率下的频谱图和当前幅值频率，扫描结束后，自动显示共振频率计算动弹性模量。所述移动终端可以通过下载社交客户端或者离线app进行对该装置的控制；其通过测得试件的频率及振幅经过傅里叶变换等一系列计算得到共振频率，利用共振频率计算动弹性模量。中国专利201810188114.1公开的一种基于表面粘贴式PZT的混凝土弹性模量测量方法，包括如下步骤：步骤S1：将预设的激励信号向粘贴在待测混凝土的表面的PZT激励器发送；步骤S2：使用PZT传感器阵列接收所述PZT激励器产生的测速信号，根据所述接收的测速信号得到瑞利波波速CR，其中所述测速信号为所述PZT激励器受到所述预设的激励信号激励产生的应力波；步骤S3：通过所述瑞利波波速CR得到混凝土弹性模量E；其通过粘贴在混凝土表面的 PZT激励器和PZT传感器列阵进行瑞利波波速测量，并根据瑞利波波速得到混凝土的弹性模量。但是，水下混凝土构件长期处于低温度及大压强的环境中，相较于陆地上的混凝土构件更容易遭受到冻融破坏，并且水下的特殊环境使得目前的弹性模量测试装置无法发挥作用，所以现阶段对水下混凝土构件力学性能的测试多通过潜水人员水下取芯，陆地上进行弹性模量的方式实现，其不仅会对水下作业人员带来一定的生命危险，而且，获得的弹性模量测试结果受限于季节、温度、时间及经济条件等因素，不具有连续性及代表性，无法精确评估混凝土构件冻融损伤的程度。因此，对已建水下混凝土构件进行原位弹性模量测试，以评估其冻融损伤程度，具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的无法实时、连续原位监测水下混凝土构件冻融损伤的缺点，寻求设计一种基于弹性模量的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤的原位监测装置及方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明涉及的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置的主体结构包括上连杆、混凝土构件、横向密封箱、纵向密封箱、移动导杆、探针发射箱、多通道数据采集器、调频发射机、计算机、辅助轮、下连杆和无线温度传感器；上连杆的一端与混凝土构件连接，另一端与横向密封箱连接，横向密封箱分别与纵向密封箱和移动导杆连接，纵向密封箱通过纵向密封箱内设置的次滑轮与探针发射箱连接，探针发射箱与多通道数据采集器连接，多通道数据采集器通过调频发射机与计算机连接，移动导杆穿过探针发射箱上设置的两 列辅助轮与下连杆的一端连接，下连杆的另一端与混凝土构件连接，下连杆上设置有无线温度传感器；计算机分别与横向密封箱、探针发射箱和无线温度传感器连接。
本发明涉及的横向密封箱内设置有一号防水电源和潜水电机，一号防水电源和潜水电机通过一号无线开关连接，潜水电机上设置有主滑轮、卷筒和导向轮。
本发明涉及的传动链条经过导向轮依次与主滑轮、卷筒和次滑轮连接。
本发明涉及的探针发射箱的内部设置有二号防水电源和弹簧组，二号防水电源通过二号无线开关与电磁铁连接，弹簧组与钢板框连接，钢板框的左端设置有铁块，钢板框的右端设置有一号磁铁，探针发射箱的端部设置有内空式结构的导管，导管的内端设置有二号磁铁，导管的外端设置有滑轮，导管中设置有发射导杆，导管与发射导杆之间设置有密封橡胶圈，发射导杆的端部设置有探针。
本发明涉及的上连杆与混凝土构件和横向密封箱、下连杆与混凝土构件和移动导杆以及探针发射箱与辅助轮均通过防松螺母连接，横向密封箱和探针发射箱与防松螺母之间以及探针发射箱与次滑轮之间均做密封处理，具有良好的防水效果；横向密封箱、纵向密封箱和探针发射箱是由厚度为5mm的不锈钢制作的电气密封箱；上连杆和下连杆选用外径为15mm，内径为8mm的无缝钢管，以保证上连杆和下连杆的受力均匀并且能够减轻自重；多通道数据采集器与探针电连接；调频发射机为双向调频发射机；一号防水电源和二号防水电源均 为锂电池；无线温度传感器能够实时监测水温以反映混凝土构件是否处于冻融状态；潜水电机为充油式潜水电机；一号磁铁和二号磁铁均为N极强力磁铁；探针为加速度式探针。
本发明涉及的计算机中存储有混凝土构件的弹性模量计算公式：
Figure PCTCN2021075306-appb-000001
其中，E 2为混凝土构件的弹性模量，单位为MPa，m为探针的质量，单位kg，E 1为探针的弹性模量，单位为MPa，μ 2为混凝土构件的泊松比，纲量为1，R为探针的等效半径，单位为m，v c为探针撞击混凝土构件时的速度，单位为m/s，τ为探针的撞击持续时间，单位为s，μ 1为探针的泊松比，纲量为1；探针的等效半径R、探针的泊松比μ 1、探针的弹性模量E 1和探针的质量m是已知的。
本发明涉及的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测方法的工艺过程包括发射探针、采集数据、计算弹性模量和评估冻融损伤共四个步骤：
一、发射探针：当无线温度传感器测得混凝土构件附近的水温高于0℃时，将水温上传至计算机，计算机打开二号无线开关，电磁铁通电并产生磁性，铁块被吸到电磁铁处，钢板框左移，弹簧组被压缩，计算机关闭二号无线开关，电磁铁的磁性消失，铁块被释放，弹簧组恢复原状的过程中带动钢板框右移，一号磁铁与二号磁铁之间产生排斥力，排斥力将发射导杆推出，探针撞击混凝土构件；
二、采集数据：探针撞击混凝土构件后获取探针撞击混凝土构件 的速度和碰撞持续时间的数据，并将数据发送至多通道数据采集器，数据经由调频发射机发送至计算机；计算机打开一号无线开关，潜水电机驱动主滑轮转动，卷筒收集主滑轮传递的传动链条，同时，传动链条通过次滑轮带动探针发射箱向上移动，重复步骤一，使探针撞击混凝土构件的不同位置，并将探针获取的数据发送至计算机；
卷筒释放传动链条时，次滑轮带动探针发射箱向下移动，探针发射箱上下移动的过程中，移动导杆在两列辅助轮之间移动，对探针发射箱上下移动进行导向和维稳；
三、计算弹性模量：计算机根据调频发射机发送的数据和弹性模量计算公式实时计算混凝土构件的弹性模量，并通过Matlab(矩阵实验室)和Origin(函数绘图软件)实时绘制混凝土构件的弹性模量变化曲线，分析弹性模量随时间变化的规律；
四、评估冻融损伤：根据步骤三得到混凝土构件的弹性模量、弹性模量变化曲线和弹性模量随时间变化的规律对混凝土构件的冻融损伤进行评估，当弹性模量损失率达到60％时认为混凝土构件已经被冻融破坏。
本发明与现有技术相比，探针将测得的加速度数据传递至多通道数据采集器后通过调频信号发射机实时传输给计算机，计算机根据探针撞击混凝土构件过程中加速度随时间的变化关系，经由计算公式得到混凝土构件的弹性模量，并实时绘制混凝土构件的弹性模量变化曲线，能够上下移动的探针，便于监测混凝土构件不同部位的弹性模量，实现了简单、快速、准确、连续地测量水下混凝土构 件的弹性模量；其结构简单，操作方便，能够重复利用，采用同极的高强磁铁通过非接触传力的方式为探针的发射提供动力，解决了密封问题，通过探针获取的加速度数据来计算混凝土构件的弹性模量，进而得到弹性模量的损失量，对水下混凝土构件的冻融损伤进行实时的原位监测，解决了水下混凝土构件冻融损伤监测成本大、危险系数高、数据不连续等问题，避免了人为读数引起的误差。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的主体结构原理示意图。
图2为本发明的局部结构原理是意图。
图3为本发明涉及的探针发射箱的内部结构原理示意图。
图4为本发明的数据传输原理示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过实施实例并结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1：
本实施例涉及的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置的主体结构包括上连杆1、混凝土构件2、横向密封箱3、纵向密封箱4、移动导杆5、探针发射箱6、多通道数据采集器7、调频发射机8、计算机9、辅助轮10、下连杆11、无线温度传感器12、传动链条13、防松螺母14、一号防水电源31、潜水电机32、一号无线开关33、主滑轮34、卷筒35、导向轮36、次滑轮41、二号防水电源601、弹簧组602、二号无线开关603、电磁铁604、钢板框605、铁块606、一号磁铁607、导管608、二号磁铁609、滑轮610、发射导杆611、密封 橡胶圈612和探针613；内空式管状结构的上连杆1的一端与水下构筑物的混凝土构件2连接，另一端与长方体结构的横向密封箱3连接，横向密封箱3分别与长方体结构的纵向密封箱4和内空式结构的移动导杆5连接，横向密封箱3内设置有一号防水电源31和潜水电机32，一号防水电源31和潜水电机32通过一号无线开关33连接，潜水电机32上设置有圆形结构的主滑轮34、卷筒35和导向轮36，纵向密封箱4内设置有圆形结构的次滑轮41，传动链条13经过导向轮36依次与主滑轮34、卷筒35和次滑轮41连接成闭环，纵向密封箱4与长方体结构的探针发射箱6连接，探针发射箱6的内部设置有二号防水电源601和由四个弹簧组成的弹簧组602，二号防水电源601通过二号无线开关603与电磁铁604连接，弹簧组602套设在钢板框605的内部，钢板框605的左端设置有铁块606，钢板框605的右端设置有一号磁铁607，探针发射箱6的端部设置有内空式结构的导管608，导管608的内端设置有二号磁铁609，导管608的外端设置有滑轮610，导管608中设置有发射导杆611，导管608与发射导杆611之间设置有密封橡胶圈612，发射导杆611的端部设置有探针613，探针发射箱6与多通道数据采集器7连接，多通道数据采集器7通过调频发射机8与计算机9连接，移动导杆5穿过探针发射箱6上设置的两列辅助轮10与下连杆11的一端连接，下连杆11的另一端与混凝土构件2连接，下连杆11上设置有无线温度传感器12，计算机9分别与横向密封箱3、探针发射箱6和无线温度传感器12连接；上连杆1与混凝土构件2和横向密封箱3、下连杆11与混凝土构件2 和移动导杆5以及探针发射箱6与辅助轮10均通过防松螺母14连接；多通道数据采集器7与探针613电连接。
本实施例涉及的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置使用时，电磁铁604通电后，吸引铁块606，钢板框605压缩弹簧组602，电磁铁604断电后，磁力消失，弹簧组602恢复原状，带动钢板框605快速右移，使得一号磁铁607与二号磁铁609相互排斥，排斥力通过发射导杆611将探针613发射至混凝土构件2处，产生撞击。
本实施例涉及的上连杆1和下连杆11与混凝土构件2无损连接，保证了混凝土构件2的完整性；潜水电机32上的主滑轮34与探针发射箱6上的次滑轮41连接，移动导杆5与探针发射箱6上的辅助轮10接触，使得探针613能够平稳的上下移动；探针613与多通道数据采集器7连接，多通道数据采集器7与调频发射机8连接，调频发射机8与计算机9连接，使得探针613获取的数据能够快速的发送至计算机9。
实施例2：
本实施例涉及的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测方法用于监测某一水下混凝土构件2，当无线温度传感器12显示水下温度高于0℃时，将水温上传至计算机9，计算机9打开一号无线开关33，潜水电机32驱动主滑轮34转动，卷筒35收集主滑轮34传递的传动链条13，传动链条13通过次滑轮41带动探针发射箱6向上移动，使探针613位于混凝土构件2的上端，同时，计算机9打开二号无线开关603，电磁铁604通电并产生磁性，铁块606被吸到电磁铁604处， 钢板框605左移，弹簧组602被压缩，计算机9关闭二号无线开关603，电磁铁604的磁性消失，铁块606被释放，弹簧组602恢复原状的过程中带动钢板框605右移，一号磁铁607与二号磁铁609之间产生排斥力，排斥力将发射导杆611推出，探针613撞击混凝土构件2；每间隔20cm对混凝土构件2进行一次上述监测，多通道采集器7将采集到的探针613撞击混凝土构件2的速度和碰撞持续时间的数据通过调频发射器8将信号发射至计算机9，计算机9通过Matlab(矩阵试验室)和Origin(函数绘图软件)实时绘制混凝土构件2的弹性模量变化曲线，分析弹性模量随时间变化的规律，根据弹性模量损失率是否达到60％的原则判定混凝土构件2是否受到冻融破坏。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置，其特征在于主体结构包括上连杆、混凝土构件、横向密封箱、纵向密封箱、移动导杆、探针发射箱、多通道数据采集器、调频发射机、计算机、辅助轮、下连杆和无线温度传感器；上连杆的一端与混凝土构件连接，另一端与横向密封箱连接，横向密封箱分别与纵向密封箱和移动导杆连接，纵向密封箱通过纵向密封箱内设置的次滑轮与探针发射箱连接，探针发射箱与多通道数据采集器连接，多通道数据采集器通过调频发射机与计算机连接，移动导杆穿过探针发射箱上设置的两列辅助轮与下连杆的一端连接，下连杆的另一端与混凝土构件连接，下连杆上设置有无线温度传感器；计算机分别与横向密封箱、探针发射箱和无线温度传感器连接；计算机中存储有混凝土构件的弹性模量计算公式：
    Figure PCTCN2021075306-appb-100001
    其中，E 2为混凝土构件的弹性模量，单位为MPa，m为探针的质量，单位kg，E 1为探针的弹性模量，单位为MPa，μ 2为混凝土构件的泊松比，纲量为1，R为探针的等效半径，单位为m，v c为探针撞击混凝土构件时的速度，单位为m/s，τ为探针的撞击持续时间，单位为s，μ 1为探针的泊松比，纲量为1；探针的等效半径R、探针的泊松比μ 1、探针的弹性模量E 1和探针的质量m是已知的。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置，其特征在于横向密封箱内设置有一号防水电源和潜水电机，一号 防水电源和潜水电机通过一号无线开关连接，潜水电机上设置有主滑轮、卷筒和导向轮。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置，其特征在于传动链条经过导向轮依次与主滑轮、卷筒和次滑轮连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置，其特征在于探针发射箱的内部设置有二号防水电源和弹簧组，二号防水电源通过二号无线开关与电磁铁连接，弹簧组与钢板框连接，钢板框的左端设置有铁块，钢板框的右端设置有一号磁铁，探针发射箱的端部设置有内空式结构的导管，导管的内端设置有二号磁铁，导管的外端设置有滑轮，导管中设置有发射导杆，导管与发射导杆之间设置有密封橡胶圈，发射导杆的端部设置有探针。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测装置，其特征在于上连杆与混凝土构件和横向密封箱、下连杆与混凝土构件和移动导杆以及探针发射箱与辅助轮均通过防松螺母连接，横向密封箱和探针发射箱与防松螺母之间以及探针发射箱与次滑轮之间均做密封处理；横向密封箱、纵向密封箱和探针发射箱是由厚度为5mm的不锈钢制作的电气密封箱；上连杆和下连杆选用外径为15mm，内径为8mm的无缝钢管；多通道数据采集器与探针电连接；调频发射机为双向调频发射机；一号防水电源和二号防水电源均为锂电池；无线温度传感器能够实时监测水温以反映混凝土构件是否处于冻融状态；潜水电机为充油式潜水电机；一号磁铁和二号磁铁均为N极强力 磁铁；探针为加速度式探针。
  6. 一种水下混凝土构件冻融损伤原位监测方法，其特征在于工艺过程包括发射探针、采集数据、计算弹性模量和评估冻融损伤共四个步骤：
    一、发射探针：当无线水温传感器测得混凝土构件附近的水温高于0℃时，将水温上传至计算机，计算机打开二号无线开关，电磁铁通电并产生磁性，铁块被吸到电磁铁处，钢板框左移，弹簧组被压缩，计算机关闭二号无线开关，电磁铁的磁性消失，铁块被释放，弹簧组恢复原状的过程中带动钢板框右移，一号磁铁与二号磁铁之间产生排斥力，排斥力将发射导杆推出，探针撞击混凝土构件；
    二、采集数据：探针撞击混凝土构件后获取探针撞击混凝土构件的速度和碰撞持续时间的数据，并将数据发送至多通道数据采集器，数据经由调频发射机发送至计算机；计算机打开一号无线开关，潜水电机驱动主滑轮转动，卷筒收集主滑轮传递的传动链条，同时，传动链条通过次滑轮带动探针发射箱向上移动，重复步骤一，使探针撞击混凝土构件的不同位置，并将探针获取的数据发送至计算机；
    卷筒释放传动链条时，次滑轮带动探针发射箱向下移动，探针发射箱上下移动的过程中，移动导杆在两列辅助轮之间移动，对探针发射箱上下移动进行导向和维稳；
    三、计算弹性模量：计算机根据调频发射机发送的数据和弹性模量计算公式实时计算混凝土构件的弹性模量，并通过Matlab和Origin实时绘制混凝土构件的弹性模量变化曲线，分析弹性模量随 时间变化的规律；
    四、评估冻融损伤：根据步骤三得到混凝土构件的弹性模量、弹性模量变化曲线和弹性模量随时间变化的规律对混凝土构件的冻融损伤进行评估，当弹性模量损失率达到60％时认为混凝土构件已经被冻融破坏。
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