WO2022033501A1 - 一种钙钛矿晶体、其制备方法及x射线探测器 - Google Patents
一种钙钛矿晶体、其制备方法及x射线探测器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022033501A1 WO2022033501A1 PCT/CN2021/111972 CN2021111972W WO2022033501A1 WO 2022033501 A1 WO2022033501 A1 WO 2022033501A1 CN 2021111972 W CN2021111972 W CN 2021111972W WO 2022033501 A1 WO2022033501 A1 WO 2022033501A1
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- perovskite
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- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001748 luminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010413 mother solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLBPOJLDZXHVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCNCCN YLBPOJLDZXHVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000103 photoluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003949 trap density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/54—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
- C30B33/02—Heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
- C30B7/14—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions the crystallising materials being formed by chemical reactions in the solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the passivation layer is a structure formed by the combination of surface defects of the perovskite single crystal and A 1 X 1 ;
- the X 1 is one or more of halide ion, thiocyanate ion and sulfate ion.
- the perovskite single crystal is CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , whether it is grown by the heating method or the cooling method, when the iodomethylamine and lead iodide on the surface of the perovskite single crystal change with temperature, the solubility and dissolution rate The difference is large, iodomethylamine dissolves more and faster, resulting in the absence of iodomethylamine on the surface of the single crystal, forming methylamine vacancies, unbonded halogens or lead.
- the solvent of the solution containing A 1 X 1 may be one or more of isopropanol, methanol, sec-butanol, toluene, chlorobenzene and dichloromethane.
- the coating method may be spin coating.
- the rotational speed of the spin coating may be 1000-5000 rpm, for example, 3000 rpm.
- the spin coating time may be 5-60s, eg, 30s.
- the molar ratio of the AX, the MX and the BX 2 may be based on the molecular formula of the perovskite single crystal OK, eg 2:1:1.
- the present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned perovskite crystal or the above-mentioned surface passivation-modified perovskite single crystal as an active layer in a radiation detector;
- the active layer is the above-mentioned perovskite crystal or the above-mentioned surface passivation-modified perovskite single crystal.
- the thickness of the interface layer of the interdigital electrode layer may be 1 nm-100 nm, for example, 20 nm.
- step (1) the deposition may be performed in a vacuum coater.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the activation energy test curve of perovskite single crystal ions in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the activation energy test curve of perovskite single crystal ions in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 9 is a photoluminescence transient spectrum diagram on the surface of a perovskite single crystal in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 9 is a photoluminescence transient spectrum diagram on the surface of a perovskite single crystal in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the sensitivity to X-ray radiation of the perovskite single crystal device in Comparative Example 2 under different electric fields.
- Example 18 is the dark current stability curve of the methamphetamine lead iodine-based two-dimensional three-dimensional mixed perovskite single crystal device in Example 2.
- a two-dimensional three-dimensional mixed perovskite single crystal of methylaminobutylamino lead iodide is used as an example, and the crystal structure is (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 NH 3 ) 2 MA 5 Pb 6 I 19 to prepare single crystal calcium with coplanar structure
- the structure diagram of the coplanar structure single crystal perovskite X-ray radiation detector is the same as that of Fig. 1. The specific steps are:
- the 50nm gold electrode (deposition speed is ) is deposited over the interface layer by thermal evaporation.
- the device surface was tested for dark current before and after treatment with CH 3 NH 3 I and IPA.
- the coplanar single crystal X-ray detector containing the interface layer prepared in Example 3 was used to test the inhibition of the interface electrochemical reaction.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
时间(小时) | 灵敏度(微库 戈瑞 -1 厘米 -2) |
0 | 862853.37768 |
48 | 753035.67507 |
96 | 784412.16153 |
264 | 768723.9183 |
312 | 862853.37768 |
432 | 815788.64799 |
528 | 878541.62091 |
672 | 909918.10737 |
时间(秒) | 电流(安培) |
10 | 3.93E-09 |
20 | 3.92E-09 |
30 | 3.90E-09 |
40 | 3.86E-09 |
50 | 3.83E-09 |
60 | 3.79E-09 |
70 | 3.74E-09 |
80 | 3.70E-09 |
90 | 3.66E-09 |
100 | 3.62E-09 |
110 | 3.57E-09 |
120 | 3.54E-09 |
130 | 3.50E-09 |
140 | 3.46E-09 |
150 | 3.43E-09 |
160 | 3.39E-09 |
170 | 3.36E-09 |
175 | 3.34E-09 |
时间(秒) | 电流(安培) |
0 | 2.24E-09 |
10 | 2.70E-09 |
20 | 2.74E-09 |
30 | 2.76E-09 |
32 | 1.65E-08 |
40 | 3.03E-08 |
50 | 3.09E-08 |
63 | 2.94E-09 |
70 | 3.06E-09 |
80 | 2.96E-09 |
93 | 2.77E-09 |
95 | 2.26E-08 |
100 | 2.74E-08 |
110 | 2.78E-08 |
124 | 2.24E-09 |
135 | 2.87E-09 |
145 | 2.70E-09 |
152 | 1.62E-08 |
165 | 2.09E-08 |
175 | 2.95E-08 |
Claims (12)
- 一种钙钛矿晶体,其特征在于,所述的钙钛矿晶体包括:钙钛矿单晶和钝化层;其中,所述的钝化层为由钙钛矿单晶的表面缺陷与A 1X 1结合所形成的结构;且所述钙钛矿晶体不含未与所述钙钛矿单晶的表面缺陷结合的A 1X 1;所述A 1为铵根阳离子、甲胺阳离子、甲脒阳离子、铯离子、铷离子、二甲胺阳离子、乙胺阳离子、丙胺阳离子、丁胺阳离子、己二胺阳离子、苯乙胺阳离子和金刚烷胺阳离子中的一种或多种;所述X 1为卤素离子、硫氰根离子或硫酸根离子。
- 如权利要求1所述的钙钛矿晶体,其特征在于,所述钝化层的厚度为0.1-3nm;和/或,所述A 1为铵根阳离子、甲胺阳离子、甲脒阳离子、铯离子和铷离子中的一种或多种;优选为甲胺阳离子;和/或,当所述X 1离子为卤离子时,所述的卤离子为氟离子、碘离子、溴离子或氯离子;例如碘离子、溴离子和氯离子中的一种或多种;和/或,所述X 1离子为卤素离子;例如碘离子;和/或,所述钙钛矿单晶为三维钙钛矿、二维钙钛矿、二维三维混合钙钛矿、零维钙钛矿、或者双钙钛矿;当所述钙钛矿单晶为三维钙钛矿时,所述三维钙钛矿的分子式可为ABX 3;当所述钙钛矿单晶为二维钙钛矿和/或二维三维混合钙钛矿时,所述二维钙钛矿和所述二维三维混合钙钛矿的分子式可独立地为M 2A n-1B nX 3n+1;其中,n为正整数;当所述钙钛矿单晶为零维钙钛矿时,所述零维钙钛矿分子式可为A 3C 2X 9;当所述钙钛矿单晶为双钙钛矿时,所述双钙钛矿分子式可为A 2CDX 6;所述的A优选为铵根阳离子、甲胺阳离子CH 3NH 3 +、甲脒阳离子、二甲胺阳离子、铯离子和铷离子中的一种或多种,例如甲胺阳离子;所述B优选为铅二价阳离子、锡二价阳离子和锗二价阳离子中的一种或多种,例如铅二价阳离子;所述C优选为铋三价阳离子、锑三价阳离子、铝三价阳离子、铟三价阳离子、镓三价阳离子中的一种或多种,例如铋三价阳离子;所述D优选为银一价阳离子、锂一价阳离子、钠一价阳离子、钾一价阳离子、铷一价阳离子中的一种或多种,例如银一价阳离子;所述X优选为碘离子、溴离子和氯离子中的一种或多种,例如碘离子;所述M优选为苯乙胺阳离子、乙胺阳离子、丙胺阳离子、丁胺阳离子、己二胺阳离子和金刚烷胺阳离子中的一种或多种。
- 如权利要求2所述的钙钛矿晶体,其特征在于,所述钙钛矿单晶的分子式为 CH 3NH 3PbI 3;和/或,所述A 1X 1为CH 3NH 3I。
- 一种钙钛矿单晶的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括下述步骤:将含有A 1X 1的溶液涂布于钙钛矿单晶表面,形成钝化层即可;所述的A 1X 1为不过量或者过量;当所述的A 1X 1为过量时,还包括除去所述的过量的A 1X 1即可;所述A 1X 1如权利要求1-3中任一项所述。
- 如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钙钛矿单晶存在表面缺陷;和/或,所述钙钛矿单晶的定义如权利要求2或3所述;和/或,所述含有A 1X 1的溶液中,所述A 1X 1的浓度为<20mg·mL -1;优选为0.5-5mg·mL -1,更优选为0.5-2mg·mL -1,例如1mg·mL -1;和/或,所述含有A 1X 1的溶液中的溶剂为异丙醇、甲醇、仲丁醇、甲苯、氯苯和二氯甲烷中的一种或多种,例如异丙醇;和/或,所述涂布的方法为旋涂;所述旋涂的转速可为1000-5000rpm,例如3000rpm;所述旋涂的时间可为5-60s,例如30s;和/或,所述的除去过量的A 1X 1的操作为涂布溶剂;所述涂布的方法可为旋涂;所述旋涂的转速可为1000-5000rpm,例如3000rpm;所述旋涂的时间可为5-60s,例如30s;所述涂布的溶剂可为所述的A 1X 1的溶液所使用的溶剂,所述溶剂可为异丙醇、甲醇、仲丁醇、甲苯、氯苯和二氯甲烷中的一种或多种,例如异丙醇;和/或,所述的方法还包括后处理;所述的后处理为退火处理;所述退火处理的温度可为40-200℃,例如50℃;所述退火处理的时间可为1s-30min;和/或,所述钙钛矿单晶按高温烧结法、气相沉积法、反溶剂法、溶液升温法以及溶液降温法制得,例如空间限域升温结晶法,还可采用一次直接生长成型及切割打磨成型得到单晶薄片;所述空间限域升温结晶法为如下步骤:将依次包括第二疏水基底层、钙钛矿前驱体溶液层和第一疏水基底层的结构经热处理,即得所述钙钛矿单晶;所述结构采用下述方法制得:将钙钛矿前驱体溶液滴于第一疏水基底,将第二疏水基底盖于所述钙钛矿前驱体溶液上,即可。
- 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钙钛矿前驱体溶液按如下方法制得:将可生成钙钛矿前驱体的溶质和溶剂混合,经搅拌,即得;所述搅拌的温度可为25-80℃,例如70℃;所述搅拌的时间可为2-24h,例如2h;所述可生成钙钛矿前驱体的溶质中可包括“AX和BX 2”或“AX、MX和BX 2”或“AX、CX 3”或“AX、CX 3和DX”;所述A、B、C、D、X和M的定义如权利要求2或3所述;当所述可生成钙钛矿前驱体的 溶质中包括“AX和BX 2”时,所述AX和BX 2的摩尔比可为1:1;当所述可生成钙钛矿前驱体的溶质中包括“AX、MX和BX 2”时,所述AX、所述MX和所述BX 2的摩尔比可为2:1:1;当所述可生成钙钛矿前驱体的溶质中包括“AX、CX 3”时,所述AX和CX 3的摩尔比可为3:2;当所述可生成钙钛矿前驱体的溶质中包括“AX、CX 3和DX”时,所述AX、所述CX 3和所述DX的摩尔比可为2:1:1;和/或,所述钙钛矿前驱体溶液中,所述钙钛矿前驱体的浓度为1-2.5mol·L -1,例如1.5mol·L -1;和/或,所述钙钛矿前驱体溶液中的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、γ-丁内酯和二甲基亚砜中的一种或多种,例如γ-丁内酯;和/或,所述第一疏水基底和所述第二疏水基底为涂覆有疏水试剂的玻璃基底;所述疏水试剂可为1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三氯硅烷、聚[双(4-苯基)(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)胺]、三氟丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷、三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、全(十七)氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、全(十七)氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、全(十三)氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷和全(十三)氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种,例如1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷;和/或,当所述钙钛矿前驱体溶液滴于第一疏水基底之前,将所述第一疏水基底经预热处理;所述预热处理的温度可为25-100℃,例如75℃;和/或,所述空间限域升温结晶法中,所述热处理的温度为50-150℃,例如120℃;和/或,所述空间限域升温结晶法中,所述热处理的时间为1-100h,例如10h。
- 一种表面钝化改性的钙钛矿单晶,其特征在于,其由包括如权利要求4-6中任一项所述的钙钛矿单晶的制备方法得到;例如,所述的表面钝化改性的钙钛矿单晶的参数如权利要求1-3中任一项所述。
- 一种如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的钙钛矿晶体或如权利要求7中所述的表面钝化改性钙钛矿单晶在辐射探测器中作为活性层的应用;其中,所述辐射探测器可为共平面结构辐射探测器。
- 一种X射线辐射探测器,其特征在于,其包括活性层以及正电极层和负电极层形成的叉指电极层,其中:所述活性层为如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的钙钛矿晶体或如权利要求7中所述的表面钝化改性钙钛矿单晶。
- 如权利要求9所述的X射线辐射探测器,其特征在于,其中,所述辐射探测器为共平面结构辐射探测器;和/或,所述叉指电极层为由所述正电极层和所述负电极层在所述活性层的同一侧,所述正电极层和所述负电极层不直接接触形成;和/或,所述叉指电极层包括导电层和界面层,或只有导电层;其中,所述叉指电极层的导电层材料可为碳或金属,所述的金属例如Cu、Au、Ag、Ga、In、Al、Pt、Ti、Bi或Cr;或以上的多层金属结构;所述叉指电极层的界面层材料可为C60、C70、BCP、PCBM、酞菁铜、硫氰酸亚铜、N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-(1-萘基)-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺、三(4-咔唑-9-基苯基)胺、9,9'-(1,3-苯基)二-9H-咔唑、4-[1-[4-[二(4-甲基苯基)氨基]苯基]环己基]-N-(3-甲基苯基)-N-(4-甲基苯基)苯胺、2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7',8,8'-四氰二甲基对苯醌、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨乙基)γ-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、半胱氨酸、牛磺酸、L-青霉胺、TiO X,MoO X、V 2O 5、WO 3、LiF或Ca;或以上的多层结构;所述叉指电极层的两个界面层可分别为上述同种或不同材料或组合;所述叉指电极层的界面层厚度可为1nm-100nm,例如20nm;所述叉指电极层的导电层厚度可为10nm-150μm,例如50nm。
- 一种X射线辐射探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括下述步骤:(1)将掩模板覆盖在活性层上,沉积或印刷界面和导电材料,撤去掩模板;所述的活性层为钙钛矿单晶;(2)对活性层采用如权利要求4-6中任一项所述的钙钛矿单晶的制备方法进行钝化改性,即可。
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