WO2022033329A1 - Fully dry non-metal flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable - Google Patents

Abstract

A fully dry non-metal flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable, which relates to the field of optical communication cables, and which comprises an optical unit (1), an armor layer (2) and a flame-retardant layer (3). An optical fiber channel (20) is formed in the armor layer (2), and the armor layer (2) is made of a ceramic glass fiber material. The optical unit (1) is provided in the optical fiber channel (20). The flame-retardant layer (3) covers the outside of the armor layer (2). Since the optical fiber channel (20) is formed by the armor layer (2), the armor layer (2) is a fire-resistant layer closest to the optical unit (1). Moreover, since the armor layer (2) is made of a ceramic glass fiber material, when the optical cable catches on fire and burns, a ceramic coating in glass yarn and glass fibers are cured together to form a strong and dense armor layer (2) reinforced by a layer of the glass fiber, which is able to isolate all burning residue on the outer layer of the armor layer (2); and during the cooling process of the optical cable, even if the thermal expansion and contraction of the outer layer material of the armor layer (2) generate stress release, the hard armor layer (2) will not shrink under the squeezing of the outer layer material. Therefore, the optical fiber of the optical unit (1) will not be squeezed to then result in fiber breakage.

Description

A kind of all-dry non-metallic flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable technical field

The present application relates to the field of optical communication cables, in particular to a fully dry non-metallic flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable.

Background technique

In recent years, several large-scale public entertainment venues, chemical, coal mines and commercial buildings in China have suffered heavy losses of life and property caused by fires. People have a deeper understanding of fire protection and fire safety; with the rapid growth of urban population, high-rise buildings, hotels, large supermarkets, hospitals, stations, airports continue to increase, subway, tunnel traffic construction and large-scale public entertainment venues, The importance of increased fire safety in public transport is highlighted. How to ensure smooth communication within a certain period of time in the event of fire, maximize precious time, and reduce casualties and loss of life and property, this is a topic that people have been exploring.

At present, mica tapes and low-smoke halogen-free sheath materials are generally used in the industry as conventional materials for flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cables. This method has certain fire-resistant properties, but the fire-resistant grade is very low; Fire-resistant communication optical cables have been used. It is more common that the heat-resistant layer of ceramized polyolefin is extruded as an inner protective material to wrap the outer layer of the optical unit. The main mechanism is that under the condition of flame combustion, the ceramized polyolefin forms a dense layer. The oxygen barrier layer of the ceramic shell can not only prevent the flame from damaging the internal structure of the cable core, ensure the integrity of the cable core, but also reduce the volatilization of the combustible gas inside the cable core, thereby reducing the corresponding combustion temperature.

However, as the industry requirements become more and more stringent, the requirements for fire-resistant optical cables are also getting higher and higher. The latest industry standards require that communication fire-resistant optical cables meet: at 750 degrees Celsius, the flame continues to burn for 90 minutes, and after the flame is extinguished, wait for 15 minutes. The optical power variation is less than 1db.

However, the use of ceramicized polyolefin materials in the sheath layer alone cannot meet the above fire resistance requirements. Moreover, the study found that even if the ceramicized polyolefin material is introduced as the sheath layer, the loose tube material of the optical unit is still burned and carbonized at high temperature during the continuous combustion process, causing the combustion residue of the outer layer of the optical fiber to collapse inward, thus affecting the optical fiber. transmission performance, and even the problem of fiber breakage; and during the cooling process at the end of the optical cable burning test, due to the thermal expansion and contraction of the outer layer of the optical fiber, stress will be released on the outer layer of the optical fiber, squeezing the inner layer of the optical fiber, resulting in There is a fiber breakage problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The embodiment of the present application provides an all-dry non-metallic flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable, so as to solve the problem of simply using ceramicized polyolefin material in the sheath layer in the related art, and the loose tube material of the optical unit is still in the continuous combustion process. Combustion and carbonization at high temperature will cause the combustion residue of the outer layer of the optical fiber to collapse inward, thus affecting the transmission performance of the optical fiber, and even the problem of fiber breakage; and during the cooling process after the end of the optical cable combustion test, due to the thermal expansion and cooling of the outer layer material of the optical fiber If the fiber shrinks, it will release the stress on the outer layer of the fiber, squeeze the inner layer of the fiber, and cause the problem of fiber breakage.

In a first aspect, an all-dry non-metallic flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable is provided, which includes:

The armoring layer is formed with an optical fiber channel, and the armoring layer is made of ceramic glass fiber material;

an optical unit disposed within the fiber channel;

The flame retardant layer is coated on the outside of the armoring layer.

In some embodiments, the light unit includes:

center reinforcement;

A plurality of optical fiber units, the plurality of optical fiber units are evenly distributed along the outer circumferential direction of the central reinforcing member; the optical fiber units include a loose tube and a plurality of optical fibers embedded in the loose tube.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber unit further includes a first thermal insulation layer, and the first thermal insulation layer covers the loose tube.

In some embodiments, the first heat insulating layer is made of ceramized polyolefin or ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber.

In some embodiments, the all-dry non-metal flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable further includes a second thermal insulation layer, and the second thermal insulation layer is provided between the optical unit and the armor layer.

In some embodiments, the second heat insulating layer is made of glass fiber or carbon fiber.

In some embodiments, the all-dry non-metal flame-retardant fire-resistant optical fiber cable further includes a third thermal insulation layer, and the third thermal insulation layer is provided between the armor layer and the flame-retardant layer.

In some embodiments, the third thermal insulation layer is made of ceramized polyolefin or ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber.

In some embodiments, the all-dry non-metal flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable further includes a fourth thermal insulation layer, and the fourth thermal insulation layer is provided between the third thermal insulation layer and the flame-retardant layer.

In some embodiments, the fourth thermal insulation layer is made of one of mica tape, polyimide composite tape, basalt fiber reinforced tape and vulcanized silicone rubber composite tape.

The beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions provided by the present application include: since the optical fiber channel is formed by the armor layer, the armor layer is the refractory layer closest to the optical unit, and because the armor layer is made of ceramic glass fiber material, When the optical cable is burned, the ceramic coating in the glass yarn is cured together with the glass fiber to form a strong and dense armor layer reinforced by glass fiber, which can isolate all the burning residues on the outer layer of the armor layer. , to prevent the debris from collapsing into the optical unit; and during the cooling process of the optical cable, the armor layer can form a solid barrier layer on the outer layer of the optical unit, even if the thermal expansion and contraction of the outer layer material of the armor layer produce stress release, the hard armor The packaging layer will not shrink under the extrusion of the outer layer material, so the optical fiber of the optical unit will not be squeezed, resulting in fiber breakage. In addition, the solid and dense armor layer can block part of the oxygen from entering the light unit and play a role in hindering the combustion of the light unit.

The embodiment of the present application provides an all-dry non-metal flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable. Since the optical fiber channel of the embodiment of the present application is formed by the armor layer, the armor layer is the fire-resistant layer closest to the optical unit, and because the armor layer is the fire-resistant layer closest to the optical unit. The sheathing layer is made of ceramic fiberglass material. When the optical cable is burned by fire, the ceramic coating in the glass yarn is cured together with the glass fiber to form a solid and dense armoring layer reinforced by glass fiber. Therefore, this application The armor layer of the embodiment can isolate all the burning residues in its outer layer, preventing the residue from collapsing into the optical unit; and during the cooling process of the optical cable, the armor layer can form a solid barrier layer on the outer layer of the optical unit, even if The thermal expansion and contraction of the outer layer material of the armor layer produces stress release, and the hard armor layer will not shrink under the extrusion of the outer layer material, so it will not squeeze the optical fiber of the optical unit, resulting in fiber breakage. Moreover, the solid and dense armor layer can block part of the oxygen from entering the light unit, which plays a role in hindering the combustion of the light unit.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following briefly introduces the drawings that are used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fully dry non-metallic flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical unit provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.

In the figure: 1, optical unit; 10, reinforcement; 11, optical fiber unit; 110, loose tube; 111, optical fiber; 112, first thermal insulation layer; 2, armor layer; 20, optical fiber channel; 3, resistance 4. The second insulating layer; 5. The third insulating layer; 6. The fourth insulating layer.

detailed description

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of the embodiments of this application, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of this application.

Referring to FIG. 1 , an embodiment of the present application provides a fully dry non-metal flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable, which includes an optical unit 1, an armoring layer 2 and a flame-retardant layer 3 sequentially distributed along the radial direction of the optical cable. The armoring layer 2 is formed with an optical fiber channel 20, and the armoring layer 2 is made of ceramic glass fiber material; the optical unit 1 is arranged in the optical fiber channel 20; the flame retardant layer 3 is wrapped outside the armoring layer 2. The flame-retardant layer 3 is a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant layer, which plays an effective flame-retardant role.

In the embodiment of the present application, since the optical fiber channel 20 is formed by the armoring layer 2, the armoring layer 2 is the refractory layer closest to the optical unit 1, and since the armoring layer 2 is made of ceramic glass fiber material, the optical cable When burning in a fire, the ceramic coating in the glass yarn is solidified together with the glass fiber to form a solid and dense armoring layer 2 reinforced by glass fiber, which can isolate all the burning residues on the outer layer of the armoring layer 2. Prevent debris from collapsing into the optical unit; and during the cooling process of the optical cable, the armor layer 2 can form a solid barrier layer on the outer layer of the optical unit 1, even if the thermal expansion and contraction of the outer layer material of the armor layer 2 produce stress release, hard The armoring layer 2 will not shrink under the extrusion of the outer layer material, so the optical fiber of the optical unit 1 will not be squeezed, resulting in fiber breakage. Moreover, the solid and dense armoring layer 2 can block part of the oxygen from entering the light unit 1 , thereby preventing the burning of the light unit 1 .

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 , optionally, the optical unit 1 includes a central reinforcing member 10 and a plurality of optical fiber units 11 , and the plurality of optical fiber units 11 are evenly spaced along the outer circumferential direction of the central reinforcing member 10 ; the optical fiber units 11 include The loose tube 110 and the plurality of optical fibers 111 embedded in the loose tube 110 . In the loose tube 110, the optical fiber 111 can be loosely placed, and is a polypropylene or nylon tube that protects the optical fiber 111 from internal stress and external side pressure. The loose tube 110 is filled with a water blocking material, and the water blocking material adopts water blocking yarn or water blocking powder to prevent longitudinal water seepage in the loose tube 110 .

Preferably, the optical fiber unit 11 further includes a first thermal insulation layer 112 , and the first thermal insulation layer 112 covers the loose tube 110 . The first thermal insulation layer 112 effectively thermally insulates the loose tube 110 from high heat carbonization.

Furthermore, the first heat insulating layer 112 is made of ceramicized polyolefin or ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber. Both the ceramified polyolefin and the ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber are solidified into porcelain during combustion to form a hard shell, which effectively isolates the heat of the outer layer of the first heat insulating layer 112 and has the effect of effective heat insulation. A layer of ceramicized polyolefin material is coated on the outside of the loose tube 110 by means of extrusion or separate extrusion, which effectively isolates the heat of the outer layer and prevents the loose tube 110 from being melted and carbonized. Due to the high cost and complicated process of ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber, the first heat insulating layer 112 in the embodiment of the present application is made of ceramized polyolefin material, and the first heat insulating layer 112 and the armoring layer 2 together form two solid The outer shell and the armoring layer 2 can insulate the heat of the outer layer, prevent the first heat insulating layer 112 from falling off after being burned at a high temperature, and form an effective protection for the light unit 1 .

Optionally, the fully dry non-metal flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable further includes a second heat insulation layer 4 , and the second heat insulation layer 4 is provided between the light unit 1 and the armor layer 2 . The second insulating layer 4 is made of glass fiber or carbon fiber with low thermal conductivity. Due to its low thermal conductivity, glass fiber or carbon fiber can effectively insulate heat, and to a certain extent, it can be used as a heat insulating material to prevent the combustion temperature from entering the light unit 1, Since the armoring layer 2 burns to produce a very small amount of residue, the second heat insulating layer 4 can also play a role of isolating the burning residue of the armoring layer 2 from entering the light unit 1 .

Optionally, the all-dry non-metallic flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable further includes a third thermal insulation layer 5 , and the third thermal insulation layer 5 is provided between the armoring layer 2 and the flame-retardant layer 3 . The third heat insulating layer 5 is used to block the heat outside the armoring layer 2, so as to prevent the armoring layer 2 from being directly burned by high heat, and the effect of optimally protecting the optical fiber 111 cannot be exerted.

Preferably, the third heat insulating layer 5 is made of ceramicized polyolefin or ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber. Both the ceramicized polyolefin and the ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber are solidified into porcelain during combustion to form a hard shell, which can effectively isolate the heat of the outer layer of the third thermal insulation layer 5 and achieve an effective thermal insulation effect. Due to the high cost and complicated process of ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber, the first heat insulating layer 112 in the embodiment of the present application is made of ceramized polyolefin material, and the third heat insulating layer 5 can effectively protect the armoring layer 2 .

Preferably, the fully dry non-metal flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable further includes a fourth heat-insulating layer 6 , and the fourth heat-insulating layer 6 is arranged between the third heat-insulating layer 5 and the flame-retardant layer 3 . The fourth heat insulating layer 6 effectively blocks heat and protects the third heat insulating layer 5 . And the fourth thermal insulation layer 6 is made of one of mica tape, polyimide composite tape, basalt fiber reinforced tape and vulcanized silicone rubber composite tape, mica tape, polyimide composite tape, basalt fiber reinforced tape. And the vulcanized silicone rubber composite belt can meet the fire resistance temperature above 1000 ℃, and can effectively heat insulation.

The flame-retardant and fire-resistant principle of the fully dry non-metallic flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable of the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

When the optical cable is burned and heated, the outermost low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant layer 3 can effectively flame retardant. When the temperature is further increased, the fourth thermal insulation layer 6 can meet the fire resistance temperature of more than 1000 ° C, effectively insulate, and become a flame retardant. The first layer of fire-resistant protection for fiber optic cables. The third thermal insulation layer 5 is made of ceramicized polyolefin or ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber. When burning, the ceramic solidifies to form a hard shell, which effectively isolates the heat of the outer protection and becomes the second layer of fire-resistant protection for the optical cable. At the same time, the armoring layer 2 It is made of ceramicized glass fiber material, which is cured after being heated to form a solid and dense armor layer reinforced by glass fiber, forming a third layer of fire-resistant protection. The second insulating layer 4 of the inner layer of the armoring layer 2 is made of glass fiber or carbon fiber. Due to the low thermal conductivity of glass fiber and carbon fiber, it can effectively insulate heat, and to a certain extent, it can be used as a heat insulating material to prevent the combustion temperature from entering the light unit. 1. Insulate the residue produced by the outer layer material after combustion, and hinder the collapse of the residue caused by stress release, prevent the residue from collapsing into the optical unit, and form the fourth layer of fire-resistant protection; and the optical fiber jacket of the optical unit 1 is provided with a loose tube 110 The loose tube 110 is covered with a first thermal insulation layer 112, and the first thermal insulation layer 112 is made of ceramified polyolefin or ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber. , form a hard shell, effectively isolate the heat of the outer protection, and form the fifth layer of protection in the innermost layer.

The optical cable of the embodiment of the present application forms a multi-layer fire-resistant protective layer from the outside to the inside along the radial direction, and has high flame retardancy and fire resistance, which satisfies that at 750 degrees Celsius, the flame continues to burn for 90 minutes, and after the flame is extinguished, wait for 15 minutes, and the optical power of the optical fiber The change is still less than the industry standard of 1db. At the same time, the optical cable of the embodiment of the present application has a fully dry non-metallic all-dielectric structure, no fiber paste, low smoke generation during the combustion process, and good light transmittance during the combustion process, which can meet the needs of special industries such as electric power.

In the description of this application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, Rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, it should not be construed as a limitation on the application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations.

It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply Any such actual relationship or sequence exists between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes not explicitly listed or other elements inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.

The above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims (10)

1. An all-dry non-metallic flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable, characterized in that it comprises:

   an armoring layer (2), in which an optical fiber channel (20) is formed, and the armoring layer (2) is made of a ceramicized glass fiber material;

   an optical unit (1), which is arranged in the optical fiber channel (20);

   A flame retardant layer (3) is coated on the outside of the armoring layer (2).
2. The fully dry non-metal flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable according to claim 1, wherein the optical unit (1) comprises:

   central reinforcement (10);

   A plurality of optical fiber units (11), the plurality of optical fiber units (11) are evenly spaced along the outer circumferential direction of the central reinforcing member (10); the optical fiber unit (11) comprises a loose tube (110) and an embedded tube A plurality of optical fibers (111) arranged in the loose tube (110).
3. The fully dry non-metal flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, the optical fiber unit (11) further comprises a first heat insulation layer (112), and the first heat insulation layer (112) wraps Cover the loose tube (110).
4. The fully dry non-metal flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable according to claim 3, characterized in that, the first heat insulating layer (112) is made of ceramicized polyolefin or ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber.
5. The fully dry type non-metal flame retardant fire-resistant optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fully dry type non-metal flame retardant and fire-resistant optical cable further comprises a second heat insulation layer (4), the second heat insulation layer ( 4) It is arranged between the light unit (1) and the armor layer (2).
6. The all-dry non-metal flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable according to claim 5, characterized in that, the second heat insulation layer (4) is made of glass fiber or carbon fiber.
7. The fully dry type non-metal flame retardant fire-resistant optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fully dry type non-metal flame retardant and fire-resistant optical cable further comprises a third heat insulation layer (5), the third heat insulation layer ( 5) is arranged between the armoring layer (2) and the flame retardant layer (3).
8. The all-dry non-metal flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable according to claim 7, characterized in that, the third thermal insulation layer (5) is made of ceramicized polyolefin or ceramic vulcanized silicone rubber.
9. The all-dry non-metallic flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable according to claim 7, characterized in that, the fully-dry non-metallic flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable further comprises a fourth thermal insulation layer (6), the fourth thermal insulation layer ( 6) is provided between the third heat insulation layer (5) and the flame retardant layer (3).
10. The fully dry non-metal flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable according to claim 9, characterized in that, the fourth thermal insulation layer (6) is made of mica tape, polyimide composite tape, basalt fiber reinforced tape and vulcanized silicone rubber One of the composite belts is made.

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