CN113568119B - Dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113568119B CN113568119B CN202110796846.0A CN202110796846A CN113568119B CN 113568119 B CN113568119 B CN 113568119B CN 202110796846 A CN202110796846 A CN 202110796846A CN 113568119 B CN113568119 B CN 113568119B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
- G02B6/4432—Protective covering with fibre reinforcements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/4436—Heat resistant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
- G02B6/4486—Protective covering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
Abstract
The application relates to a dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable comprises a central reinforcing piece and a plurality of optical fiber sub-cables, a fire-resistant layer and a sheath layer are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the central reinforcing piece from inside to outside along the radial direction of the central reinforcing piece, and the optical fiber sub-cables are positioned in the fire-resistant layer and are twisted on the central reinforcing piece; the optical fiber sub-cable comprises optical fibers, and an optical fiber protective layer, an armor layer and a sub-cable protective layer which are sequentially arranged on the outer sides of the optical fibers from inside to outside; and the central reinforcing part and the armor layer are both made of non-metal materials. The application can solve the problems that the flame-retardant fire-resistant optical cable in the related technology is not suitable for small bending radius construction and arrangement in areas such as houses and business buildings due to large optical cable hardness and large bending radius, and cannot keep the integrity of optical cable lines after flame is extinguished and cooled.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of communication optical cables, in particular to a dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Optical cables are currently distributed in large quantities in communication rooms, data centers, mines, nuclear power facilities, high-rise buildings, airports, subways and large public places. Once a fire occurs, the optical cable is burned out to cause communication line interruption, which brings loss to enterprise operation, risks to public transport and other operations, and inconvenience to the lives of the masses, so that the requirement on the flame-retardant and fire-resistant performance of the optical cable is higher and higher.
Although the flame-retardant and fire-resistant optical cable provided by the related art can have certain flame-retardant and fire-resistant performance, some disadvantages still exist. For example, the optical cable has high hardness and large bending radius, and is not suitable for small bending radius construction and arrangement in areas such as houses, business buildings and the like; for another example, after a fire occurs, the outer sheath of the optical cable and various armor layers can play a flame retardant role, but heat generated by flame ignition can be transferred into the cable, so that ointment and a loose tube are melted into liquid and are attached to the optical fiber, when the flame is extinguished, the liquid plastic polymer attached to the optical fiber can be gradually cooled and solidified, the volume shrinkage hardness is increased, the elastic modulus is increased, stress generated by plastic shrinkage directly acts on the optical fiber, large bending (macro bending) or small bending (micro bending) of the optical fiber is caused, the attenuation of the optical fiber is increased, even the optical fiber is broken due to local peak load, and the integrity of the optical cable line cannot be maintained after the flame is extinguished and cooled.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable and a manufacturing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that a fire-resistant optical cable in the related art is not suitable for small-bending-radius construction and arrangement in areas such as houses and business buildings due to large optical cable hardness and large bending radius, and cannot keep the integrity of optical cable lines after flame is extinguished and cooled.
The embodiment of the application provides a dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable, it includes:
the central reinforcing piece is provided with a fire-resistant layer and a sheath layer from inside to outside in sequence along the radial direction of the central reinforcing piece;
a plurality of optical fiber sub-cables, wherein the optical fiber sub-cables are positioned in the fire-resistant layer and are stranded on the central reinforcing member; the optical fiber sub-cable comprises optical fibers, and an optical fiber protective layer, an armor layer and a sub-cable protective layer which are sequentially arranged on the outer sides of the optical fibers from inside to outside;
and the central reinforcing part and the armor layer are both made of non-metal materials.
In some embodiments, the optical fiber protective layer is made of hot melt material, and has a tensile strength of 5-10 MPa and an elongation at break of 150-500%; or the like, or, alternatively,
the optical fiber protective layer is made of a self-adhesive plastic film, the tensile strength is 10-20 MPa, and the elongation at break is 100-300%.
In some embodiments, the armor layer is made of aramid yarn, glass fiber yarn, woven aramid yarn tape, glass fiber reinforced plastic rod GFRP, aramid reinforced plastic rod KFRP, or fiber reinforced plastic flexible rod FFRP; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the outer surface of the armor layer is at least partially embedded in the sub-cable sheath; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the sub-cable protective layer is made of flame-retardant polyolefin, flame-retardant polyester elastomer, flame-retardant nylon or flame-retardant polyurethane material; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the fire-resistant layer comprises a plurality of layers of fire-resistant mica tapes, the fire-resistant mica tapes are completely wrapped outside all the optical fiber sub-cables by adopting a wrapping process, and the wrapping directions of two adjacent layers of fire-resistant mica tapes are opposite; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the surface of the central reinforcing piece is provided with an adhesive coating, and the central reinforcing piece is connected with the sub-cable protective layer through the adhesive coating; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the central reinforcing part adopts a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod GFRP, an aramid fiber reinforced plastic rod KFRP or a fiber reinforced plastic flexible rod FFRP.
In some embodiments, the sheath layer comprises an inner sheath and an outer sheath which are arranged from inside to outside in sequence;
the oxygen index of the inner sheath is greater than or equal to 45, and the hardness is greater than Shore hardness 55D;
the oxygen index of the outer sheath is more than or equal to 35, the tensile strength is more than 16MPa, and the sliding friction coefficient is less than 0.25.
In some embodiments, the inner sheath is a ceramic flame retardant polyolefin or a flame retardant elastomer and the outer sheath is a flame retardant polyolefin or a flame retardant elastomer.
The embodiment of the application also provides a manufacturing method of the dry type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable, which comprises the following steps:
taking a central reinforcing piece as a center, and twisting the optical fiber sub-cable at the periphery of the central reinforcing piece to obtain a cable core;
pulling out the raw material of the fire-resistant layer from the wrapping machine, and winding the raw material on the cable core to form the fire-resistant layer;
extruding the raw materials of the sheath layer by an extruder to form the sheath layer on the fire-resistant layer, thereby obtaining the dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable.
In some embodiments, the jacket layer comprises an inner jacket and an outer jacket;
extruding the raw materials of the sheath layer through an extruder to form the sheath layer on the fire-resistant layer, and the method comprises the following steps:
the raw materials of the inner sheath and the outer sheath are extruded out simultaneously through the extruder and are extruded into the machine head of the extruder through the spreader cone so as to form a double-layer sheath layer on the fire-resistant layer.
In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing further comprises the step of manufacturing an optical fiber sub-cable, and the step of manufacturing an optical fiber sub-cable comprises:
drawing the optical fiber bundle coated with the optical fiber protective layer from a pay-off rack, and enabling the optical fiber bundle to pass through a central hole of a wire collecting die and a central hole of an inner die of an extruder at a constant speed, wherein the optical fiber bundle comprises a plurality of optical fibers;
pulling out the raw material of the armor layer from the yarn releasing frame, and enabling the raw material to pass through the outer layer hole of the wire collecting die and the outer layer hole of the inner die of the extruder at a constant speed;
and extruding the raw materials of the sub-cable protective layer through the extruder, and extruding the raw materials into a machine head of the extruder through a spreader cone so as to form the sub-cable protective layer outside the armor layer and obtain the optical fiber sub-cable.
In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing further comprises the step of manufacturing a protective layer for the optical fiber.
In some embodiments, when the optical fiber protection layer is made of a hot melt material, the step of manufacturing the optical fiber protection layer includes:
uniformly and unidirectionally twisting a plurality of optical fibers to form an optical fiber bundle;
extruding the hot melt material through an extruder, and extruding the hot melt material into a machine head of the extruder through a spreader cone so as to form an optical fiber protective layer outside the optical fiber bundle;
when the optical fiber protective layer adopts a self-adhesive plastic film and the wall thickness D is not less than 0.01 and not more than 0.015mm, the step of manufacturing the optical fiber protective layer comprises the following steps:
uniformly and unidirectionally twisting a plurality of optical fibers to form an optical fiber bundle;
pulling out the self-adhesive plastic film from the tape releasing frame, and coating a protective film on the surface of the optical fiber bundle through a step-by-step molding longitudinal covering table to form an optical fiber protective layer, wherein the overlapping width of the protective film is 15% -50% of the width of the self-adhesive plastic film;
when the optical fiber protective layer adopts a self-adhesive plastic film and the wall thickness D is more than 0.015 and less than or equal to 0.04mm, the step of manufacturing the optical fiber protective layer comprises the following steps:
uniformly and unidirectionally twisting a plurality of optical fibers to form an optical fiber bundle;
and pulling out the self-adhesive plastic film from the tape placing frame, and winding a protective film on the surface of the optical fiber bundle through a tape placing frame rotating device to form an optical fiber protective layer, wherein the overlapping width of the protective film is 10% -30% of the width of the self-adhesive plastic film.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme that this application provided brought includes:
the embodiment of the application provides a dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable, and optical cable compact structure, central reinforcement and armor all adopt non-metallic material, for full-dielectric structural design, can reduce optical cable hardness and bend radius to make the optical cable be fit for carrying out small bend radius construction and laying in regions such as house, commercial office building.
The optical fiber sub-cable does not contain filling factice, so that the factice and the loose tube can be prevented from being melted into liquid and being attached to the optical fiber, and further, when liquid plastic polymer is cooled and solidified into plastic, the stress generated by the shrinkage of the plastic can be prevented from causing large bending (macrobending) or small bending (microbending) of the optical fiber, so that the completeness of an optical cable line can be guaranteed to be kept after flame is extinguished and cooled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable provided in an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure: 1. a central reinforcement; 2. a refractory layer; 3. a sheath layer; 31. an inner sheath; 32. an outer sheath; 4. a fiber optic sub-cable; 41. an optical fiber; 42. an optical fiber protective layer; 43. an armor layer; 44. and a sub-cable protective layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides a dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable, which can solve the problems that in the related art, a fire-resistant optical cable is not suitable for small-bending-radius construction and arrangement in areas such as houses and business buildings due to large optical cable hardness and large bending radius, and cannot keep the integrity of optical cable lines after flame is extinguished and cooled.
Referring to fig. 1, the dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a central strength member 1, a fire-resistant layer 2, a sheath layer 3, and a plurality of optical fiber sub-cables 4, where the fire-resistant layer 2 and the sheath layer 3 are sequentially disposed from inside to outside on the outer side of the central strength member 1 along the radial direction of the central strength member 1; the optical fiber sub-cables 4 are positioned in the fire-resistant layer 2 and are twisted on the central reinforcing member 1, the appearance structure of the optical fiber sub-cables 4 can be round, oval or flat, and 4-12 optical fiber sub-cables can be arranged according to the requirement; the optical fiber sub-cable 4 comprises an optical fiber 41, and an optical fiber protective layer 42, an armor layer 43 and a sub-cable protective layer 44 which are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the optical fiber 41 from inside to outside, wherein the optical fiber 41 can be a silica-based optical fiber, and can be a single-mode optical fiber or a multi-mode optical fiber, and the number of optical fiber cores in each optical fiber protective layer 42 is 1-12 cores as required; both the central reinforcement 1 and the armor 43 are made of non-metallic materials.
In this embodiment, the optical cable has a compact structure, the central reinforcement 1 and the armor layer 43 are made of non-metal materials and are designed to be an all-dielectric structure, and the hardness and the bending radius of the optical cable can be reduced, so that the optical cable is suitable for small-bending-radius construction and arrangement in areas such as houses and business office buildings.
The optical fiber sub-cable does not contain filling factice, so that the factice and the loose tube can be prevented from being melted into liquid and being attached to the optical fiber, and further, when liquid plastic polymer is cooled and solidified into plastic, the stress generated by the shrinkage of the plastic can be prevented from causing large bending (macrobending) or small bending (microbending) of the optical fiber, so that the completeness of an optical cable line can be guaranteed to be kept after flame is extinguished and cooled.
The optical fiber protective layer 42 is made of hot melt material, and has tensile strength of 5-10 MPa and elongation at break of 150-500%; or the like, or, alternatively,
the optical fiber protective layer 42 is made of a self-adhesive plastic film, and has a tensile strength of 10-20 MPa and an elongation at break of 100-300%.
The optical fiber protection layer 42 is a protection layer directly contacting the optical fiber 41, and in some preferred embodiments, the optical fiber protection layer 42 has two optional materials:
one is an amorphous thin-walled thermoplastic material which is a hot melt material that becomes a flowing liquid under the effect of heat; the protective layer is formed by extrusion molding using an extruder, and the material is a synthetic hydrocarbon polymer or elastomer, such as polyolefin, polyester elastomer, nylon or polyurethane elastomer, having a tensile strength of 5 to 10MPa, an elongation at break of 150 to 500%, and a wall thickness of 0.1 to 0.35 mm.
The second is a self-adhesive plastic film, the tensile strength of the film is 10-20 MPa, the elongation at break is 100% -300%, the wall thickness of the film is 0.01-0.04 mm, when the wall thickness is 0.01-0.015mm, the film can be formed by adopting a longitudinal cladding process, and the longitudinal cladding lapping width is 15% -50% of the film width; when the wall thickness is 0.015-0.04 mm, the film can be formed by adopting a lapping process, and the lapping width is 10% -30% of the width of the film; the film may be a synthetic hydrocarbon polymer or elastomer such as polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, nylon or a multi-layer co-extrusion material.
The optical fiber protective layer 42 is made of thin-wall thermoplastic material with small tensile strength and large elasticity or thin-wall self-adhesive plastic film with low tensile strength, so that the stress generated by plastic shrinkage is greatly reduced, the caused optical fiber attenuation increase is within the tolerance of the optical cable line, and the integrity of the optical cable line during flame and after flame extinguishment can be ensured.
In some preferred embodiments, the armor 43 is a high-elastic modulus non-metallic reinforcement to increase the mechanical stress such as tensile strength and compression strength of the optical fiber sub-cable 4, and the armor 43 is made of a thermosetting reinforcement material, and will not soften, melt, or adhere to the optical fiber protection layer 42 at high temperature. The armor 43 may be aramid yarn, fiberglass yarn, woven aramid yarn tape, fiberglass reinforced plastic rod GFRP, aramid reinforced plastic rod KFRP, or fiber reinforced plastic flexible rod FFRP. The armor 43 outer surface is at least partially embedded within the sub-cable sheath 44.
The sub-cable protection layer 44 is an outermost sheath of the optical fiber sub-cable 4, the sub-cable protection layer 44 is made of a non-adhesive flame retardant material, and is not adhered to the optical fiber protection layer 42 even when contacting at a high temperature, and the sub-cable protection layer can be made of flame retardant polyolefin, flame retardant polyester elastomer, flame retardant nylon or flame retardant polyurethane material.
The plurality of optical fiber sub-cables 4 are identified by adopting different colors of the sub-cable protection layers 44 or adding color strips with different colors, numbers and widths on the surfaces of the sub-cable protection layers 44, so that the optical fibers 41 have enough moving space in the sub-cable protection layers 44, the duty ratio of the optical fiber bundle coated with the optical fiber protection layer 42 in the sub-cable protection layers 44 is less than 50%, wherein the duty ratio is the space sectional area formed by dividing the sectional area of the optical fiber protection layer 42 by the inner diameter of the sub-cable protection layer 44.
In some preferred embodiments, referring to fig. 1, sheath layer 3 includes inner sheath 31 and outer sheath 32 arranged from inside to outside; the inner sheath 31 is made of high-flame-retardant, high-hardness and ceramic materials, and can be made of ceramic flame-retardant polyolefin or flame-retardant elastomer, the oxygen index of the inner sheath 31 is greater than or equal to 45, and the hardness is greater than Shore hardness 55D; the outer sheath 32 is made of high-strength low-friction flame-retardant material and can be made of flame-retardant polyolefin or flame-retardant elastomer, the oxygen index of the outer sheath 32 is greater than or equal to 35, the tensile strength is greater than 16MPa, and the sliding friction coefficient is less than 0.25.
In some preferred embodiments, the surface of the central strength member 1 is provided with an adhesive coating, and the central strength member 1 is connected to the sheath layer 44 by the adhesive coating to increase the adhesion between the central strength member 1 and the sheath layer 44, so that the central strength member 1 and the sheath layer 44 form a whole, and the central strength member 1 and the sheath layer 44 do not slide with each other when the fire-resistant optical cable is subjected to mechanical stress.
In some preferred embodiments, central strength member 1 is an integral supporting member of a fire-resistant optical cable, which adds mechanical stress such as tensile strength, bending strength, lateral pressure resistance, etc. to the fire-resistant optical cable, the external structure of central strength member 1 may be circular, oval or square, and central strength member 1 is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic rod GFRP, aramid fiber reinforced plastic rod KFRP or fiber reinforced plastic flexible rod FFRP.
The embodiment of the application also provides a manufacturing method of the dry-type all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable, which comprises the following steps:
taking the central reinforcing member 1 as a center, and twisting the optical fiber sub-cable 4 on the periphery of the central reinforcing member 1 to obtain a cable core;
pulling out the raw material of the fire-resistant layer 2 from the wrapping machine, and winding the raw material on the cable core to form the fire-resistant layer 2;
and extruding the raw materials of the sheath layer 3 through an extruder to form the sheath layer 3 on the fire-resistant layer 2, thus obtaining the dry all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable.
Wherein, restrictive coating 3 includes inner sheath 31 and oversheath 32, extrudes the raw materials of restrictive coating 3 through the extruder to form restrictive coating 3 on flame retardant coating 2, including the following step:
the raw material of the inner sheath 31 and the raw material of the outer sheath 32 are simultaneously extruded by the extruder, and are extruded into a head of the extruder through a spreader cone to form the double-layered sheath layer 3 on the flame retardant coating 2.
Wherein the manufacturing method further comprises the step of manufacturing the optical fiber sub-cable 4, and the step of manufacturing the optical fiber sub-cable 4 comprises:
drawing the optical fiber bundle coated with the optical fiber protective layer 42 from the pay-off rack, and enabling the optical fiber bundle to pass through a central hole of the wire collecting die and a central hole of the internal die of the extruder at a constant speed, wherein the optical fiber bundle comprises a plurality of optical fibers 41;
pulling the raw material of the armor layer 43 out of the yarn releasing frame, and enabling the raw material to pass through the outer layer hole of the wire collecting die and the outer layer hole of the inner die of the extruder at a constant speed;
the raw material of the sub-sheath 44 is extruded by an extruder, and is extruded into a head of the extruder through a spreader cone to form the sub-sheath 44 outside the armor 43, resulting in the optical fiber sub-cable 4.
Wherein the manufacturing method further comprises the step of manufacturing the optical fiber protective layer 42.
When the optical fiber protective layer 42 is made of a hot melt material, the step of manufacturing the optical fiber protective layer 42 includes:
uniformly and unidirectionally twisting a plurality of optical fibers 41 to form an optical fiber bundle;
hot melt material is extruded through the extruder and through a skimmer cone into the head of the extruder to form the protective fiber layer 42 outside the fiber bundle.
When the optical fiber protection layer 42 is made of a self-adhesive plastic film and the wall thickness D is not less than 0.01 and not more than 0.015mm, the steps for manufacturing the optical fiber protection layer 42 include:
uniformly and unidirectionally twisting a plurality of optical fibers 41 to form an optical fiber bundle;
and pulling out the self-adhesive plastic film from the tape placing frame, and coating a protective film on the surface of the optical fiber bundle through a step-by-step molding longitudinal covering table to form an optical fiber protective layer 42, wherein the overlapping width of the protective film is 15% -50% of the width of the self-adhesive plastic film.
When the optical fiber protection layer 42 is made of a self-adhesive plastic film and the wall thickness D is more than 0.015 and less than or equal to 0.04mm, the steps for manufacturing the optical fiber protection layer 42 include:
uniformly and unidirectionally twisting a plurality of optical fibers 41 to form an optical fiber bundle;
and pulling out the self-adhesive plastic film from the tape placing frame, and winding a protective film on the surface of the optical fiber bundle through a tape placing frame rotating device to form an optical fiber protective layer 42, wherein the overlapping width of the protective film is 10% -30% of the width of the self-adhesive plastic film.
The same extruder may be used for the extruder for producing the optical fiber protective layer 42, the extruder for producing the sub-sheath layer 44, and the extruder for producing the sheath layer 3, or different extruders may be used.
The principle of the application is as follows:
the optical cable is compact in structure, the central reinforcing part 1 and the armor layer 43 are made of nonmetal materials and are designed to be all-dielectric structures, the hardness and the bending radius of the optical cable can be reduced, and the optical cable is suitable for being constructed and laid in small bending radius areas of houses, business buildings and the like.
The optical fiber sub-cable does not contain filling factice, so that the factice and the loose tube can be prevented from being melted into liquid and being attached to the optical fiber, and further, when liquid plastic polymer is cooled and solidified into plastic, the stress generated by the shrinkage of the plastic can be prevented from causing large bending (macrobending) or small bending (microbending) of the optical fiber, so that the completeness of an optical cable line can be guaranteed to be kept after flame is extinguished and cooled.
The fire-resistant optical cable comprises a central reinforcement 1, a fire-resistant layer 2, a sheath layer 3 and a plurality of optical fiber sub-cables 4, wherein the sheath layer 3 forms a framework of the optical cable, an outer sheath 32 is a high-strength and low-friction fire-resistant sheath, an inner sheath 31 is a high-fire-resistant, high-hardness and ceramic sheath, and forms a fire-resistant protective barrier together with the fire-resistant layer 2, so that flame is prevented from directly acting on the optical fiber, and the framework of the optical cable is kept intact after flame burning and extinguishing, and cannot be disassembled or collapsed.
The optical fiber sub-cable 4 includes an optical fiber 41, an optical fiber protective layer 42, an armor layer 43, and a sub-cable sheath 44, and the sub-cable sheath 44 is a non-adhesive sheath that is not adhesive even if it is in contact with the optical fiber protective layer 42 at a high temperature; the armor layer 43 is a thermosetting reinforcement material, which does not soften or melt at high temperature and does not adhere to the optical fiber protective layer 42; the optical fiber protection layer 42 is a thin-wall hot-melt material with small tensile strength and large elasticity, or a thin-wall self-adhesive plastic film with low tensile strength, and the plastic volume of the optical fiber protection layer 42 is small. The heat burned by flame is transferred to optical fiber, the optical fiber protective layer 42 is melted into liquid state and attached to the optical fiber, when the flame is extinguished, the liquid plastic polymer of the optical fiber protective layer 42 attached to the optical fiber is gradually cooled and solidified, the elastic modulus of volume shrinkage is increased, the stress generated by plastic shrinkage directly acts on the optical fiber, and the optical fiber protective layer 42 has small tensile strength due to the small plastic material, small volume attached to the optical fiber, so that the shrinkage force is small, the optical fiber can resist the small stress, the increase of optical fiber attenuation is within the allowable range of a communication link, so that the communication signal is kept smooth during the flame and within the specified time after the flame is extinguished, and the optical cable line is complete.
The application provides a fire-resistant optical cable of all-dielectric, in the period that exposes to the conflagration and after the conflagration extinguishes, the "skeleton" of optical cable keeps intact, and armor 43 adopts the thermosetting material, and optical fiber protective layer 42 adopts low tensile strength's thin wall material to the shrink stress of very big reduction protective layer material, the optical fiber attenuation increase amount that arouses keeps its circuit integrality sustainably in the tolerance of optical cable circuit.
The fire resistance of the optical cable meets the requirements of the recommended national standard 19216.25 (GB/T19216.25) and the British BS6387 fire-proof standard.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
It is noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A dry all-dielectric fire resistant optical cable, comprising:
the composite material comprises a central reinforcing piece (1), wherein a fire-resistant layer (2) and a sheath layer (3) are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the central reinforcing piece (1) from inside to outside along the radial direction of the central reinforcing piece (1);
a plurality of optical fiber sub-cables (4), wherein the optical fiber sub-cables (4) are positioned in the fire-resistant layer (2) and are stranded on the central reinforcing member (1); the optical fiber sub-cable (4) comprises an optical fiber (41), and an optical fiber protective layer (42), an armor layer (43) and a sub-cable protective layer (44) which are arranged on the outer side of the optical fiber (41) from inside to outside in sequence;
the central reinforcing piece (1) and the armor layer (43) are both made of non-metal materials;
the optical fiber protective layer (42) is made of hot melt material, and has the tensile strength of 5-10 MPa and the elongation at break of 150-500 percent; or the optical fiber protective layer (42) adopts a self-adhesive plastic film, the tensile strength is 10-20 MPa, and the elongation at break is 100% -300%;
the surface of the central reinforcing piece (1) is provided with an adhesive coating, and the central reinforcing piece (1) is connected with the sub-cable protective layer (44) through the adhesive coating.
2. A dry all-dielectric fire resistant optical cable as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the armor layer (43) is made of aramid yarn, glass fiber yarn, aramid yarn woven belts, glass fiber reinforced plastic rods GFRP, aramid fiber reinforced plastic rods KFRP or fiber reinforced plastic flexible rods FFRP; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the armor (43) outer surface being at least partially embedded within the sub-sheath (44); and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the sub-cable protection layer (44) is made of flame-retardant polyolefin, flame-retardant polyester elastomer, flame-retardant nylon or flame-retardant polyurethane material; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the fire-resistant layer (2) comprises a plurality of layers of fire-resistant mica tapes, the fire-resistant mica tapes are completely wrapped outside all the optical fiber sub-cables (4) by adopting a wrapping process, and the wrapping directions of two adjacent layers of fire-resistant mica tapes are opposite; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the central reinforcing part (1) is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic rods GFRP, aramid fiber reinforced plastic rods KFRP or fiber reinforced plastic flexible rods FFRP.
3. A dry all-dielectric fire resistant optical cable as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the sheath layer (3) comprises an inner sheath (31) and an outer sheath (32) which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the oxygen index of the inner sheath (31) is greater than or equal to 45, and the hardness is greater than the Shore hardness of 55D;
the outer sheath (32) has an oxygen index of greater than or equal to 35, a tensile strength of greater than 16MPa, and a coefficient of sliding friction of less than 0.25.
4. A dry all-dielectric fire resistant optical cable as recited in claim 3, wherein:
the inner sheath (31) is made of ceramic flame-retardant polyolefin or flame-retardant elastomer, and the outer sheath (32) is made of flame-retardant polyolefin or flame-retardant elastomer.
5. A method of making a dry all-dielectric fire resistant optical cable as recited in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
taking a central reinforcing piece (1) as a center, and twisting optical fiber sub-cables (4) on the periphery of the central reinforcing piece (1) to obtain a cable core;
pulling out the raw material of the fire-resistant layer (2) from the wrapping machine, and winding the raw material on the cable core to form the fire-resistant layer (2);
extruding the raw materials of the sheath layer (3) through an extruder to form the sheath layer (3) on the fire-resistant layer (2) to obtain the dry all-dielectric fire-resistant optical cable.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein:
the sheath layer (3) comprises an inner sheath (31) and an outer sheath (32);
extruding the raw materials of the sheath layer (3) through an extruder to form the sheath layer (3) on the fire-resistant layer (2), and the method comprises the following steps:
the raw materials of the inner sheath (31) and the outer sheath (32) are simultaneously extruded out by an extruder and extruded into a machine head of the extruder by a shunting cone so as to form a double-layer sheath layer (3) on the fire-resistant layer (2).
7. A manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a step of manufacturing an optical fiber sub-cable (4), and in that the step of manufacturing an optical fiber sub-cable (4) comprises:
drawing out the optical fiber bundle coated with the optical fiber protective layer (42) from a pay-off rack, and enabling the optical fiber bundle to pass through a central hole of a line concentration die and a central hole of an extruder internal die at a constant speed, wherein the optical fiber bundle comprises a plurality of optical fibers (41);
drawing the raw material of the armor layer (43) out of the yarn releasing frame, and enabling the raw material to pass through the outer layer hole of the wire collecting die and the outer layer hole of the inner die of the extruder at a constant speed;
and extruding the raw material of the sub-cable sheath (44) through an extruder, and extruding the raw material into a head of the extruder through a shunting cone so as to form the sub-cable sheath (44) outside the armor layer (43) to obtain the optical fiber sub-cable (4).
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 5, further comprising the step of manufacturing a protective layer (42) for the optical fiber.
9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein:
when the optical fiber protective layer (42) is made of hot melt material, the step of manufacturing the optical fiber protective layer (42) comprises:
uniformly and unidirectionally twisting a plurality of optical fibers (41) to form an optical fiber bundle;
extruding a hot melt material through an extruder and through a tap cone into a nose of the extruder to form a protective layer (42) of optical fiber outside the bundle;
when the optical fiber protective layer (42) adopts a self-adhesive plastic film and the wall thickness D is not less than 0.01 and not more than 0.015mm, the step of manufacturing the optical fiber protective layer (42) comprises the following steps:
uniformly and unidirectionally twisting a plurality of optical fibers (41) to form an optical fiber bundle;
pulling out the self-adhesive plastic film from the tape releasing frame, and coating a protective film on the surface of the optical fiber bundle through a step-by-step molding longitudinal covering table to form an optical fiber protective layer (42), wherein the overlapping width of the protective film is 15% -50% of the width of the self-adhesive plastic film;
when the optical fiber protective layer (42) adopts a self-adhesive plastic film and the wall thickness D is more than 0.015 and less than or equal to 0.04mm, the step of manufacturing the optical fiber protective layer (42) comprises the following steps:
uniformly and unidirectionally twisting a plurality of optical fibers (41) to form an optical fiber bundle;
and pulling out the self-adhesive plastic film from the tape placing rack, and winding a protective film on the surface of the optical fiber bundle through a tape placing rack rotating device to form an optical fiber protective layer (42), wherein the overlapping width of the protective film is 10% -30% of the width of the self-adhesive plastic film.
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