WO2022033287A1 - 一种信道切换方法、接入设备及用户设备 - Google Patents

一种信道切换方法、接入设备及用户设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022033287A1
WO2022033287A1 PCT/CN2021/107880 CN2021107880W WO2022033287A1 WO 2022033287 A1 WO2022033287 A1 WO 2022033287A1 CN 2021107880 W CN2021107880 W CN 2021107880W WO 2022033287 A1 WO2022033287 A1 WO 2022033287A1
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Prior art keywords
channel
user equipment
interference
information
access device
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PCT/CN2021/107880
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孔繁华
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022033287A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022033287A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
    • H04W36/0085—Hand-off measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/318—Received signal strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/345—Interference values
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/06—Reselecting a communication resource in the serving access point

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a wireless access point (access point, AP) channel switching method, access device, and user equipment.
  • a wireless access point access point, AP
  • An AP is an access point for a user using a wireless device to access a wired network, commonly known as a "hotspot".
  • APs are mainly used in broadband homes, inside buildings, campuses, and campuses where it may be necessary to connect to wired networks wirelessly. Its main technology is to use IEEE802.11 series.
  • the signal of the wired network is converted into the wireless network, so that the user equipment (UE) can access the wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) local area network by receiving the signal transmitted by the AP.
  • the AP may be any device that can provide wireless access, such as a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a wireless switch, a wireless router, a wireless customer premise equipment (CPE).
  • the user equipment may be, for example, a mobile phone, a notebook, a computer, and the like.
  • the AP After the AP is started, it will automatically select the best working channel according to the current environment, and the best working channel selected by the AP will not change again until the AP is restarted.
  • the surrounding wireless environment may change at any time. For example, some interference sources are added around the AP, which will cause strong wireless interference to the wireless signals transmitted by the AP, which will seriously affect the The wireless signal is connected to the user equipment of the AP, which degrades the user's surfing experience.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a channel switching method, which detects relevant parameters of interference in the environment through the user equipment, and automatically triggers the access device to perform channel switching, so as to reduce the adverse effect of environmental interference on the user equipment accessing the network.
  • a first aspect provides an access device, where a network connection is performed between the access device and at least one user equipment through a first channel, the at least one user equipment includes the first user equipment, and the access device includes: a receiver for Receive a first message sent by the first user equipment, where the first message is used to request to switch the communication channel between the access device and the first user equipment, wherein the first message is when the first user equipment detects that the environmental interference parameter meets the predetermined requirements.
  • the processor is used to couple with the memory, and read and execute the instructions stored in the memory; when the processor is running, the instructions are executed, so that the processor is also used to: determine the first channel information according to the first message a transmitter, configured to send the first channel information to the first user equipment, so that the first user equipment switches the communication channel between the access device and the first user equipment from the first channel to the second channel according to the first channel information channel.
  • a transmitter configured to send the first channel information to the first user equipment, so that the first user equipment switches the communication channel between the access device and the first user equipment from the first channel to the second channel according to the first channel information channel.
  • the transmitter is further configured to: send the first channel information to a plurality of user equipments, so that each user equipment that receives the first channel information switches the working channel to the second channel according to the first channel information , the plurality of user equipments include a first user equipment.
  • the present application can also inform other multiple user equipments connected to the access device to perform channel switching together, thereby ensuring that more user equipments in the wireless network environment where the access device is located perform channel switching together and avoid channel switching due to channel switching. As a result, the connection to the access device is disconnected.
  • the transmitter is further configured to send a second message to at least one user equipment; wherein the at least one user equipment includes a first user equipment, and the second message is used to trigger the at least one user equipment to communicate with the wireless channel performing channel scanning;
  • the receiver is further configured to receive first scanning information sent by at least one user equipment; the first scanning information includes: the number of interferences and/or the number of interferences of at least one channel scanned by each user equipment in the at least one user equipment The strength of the interference signal;
  • the processor is further configured to determine the first channel information according to the number of interferences and/or the strength of the interference signal of the channels included in the first scan information.
  • the access device can also combine the scanning information sent by the user equipment to make a comprehensive decision and determine the best working channel.
  • the selection of the optimal channel is determined based on the interference situation around one or more user equipments, and the interference situation around the user equipments at different positions is referred to, so as to switch to the optimal channel.
  • the processor is further configured to: start the access device to perform channel scanning on at least one channel in the wireless channel to obtain second scan information, where the second scan information includes the information of the at least one channel scanned by the access device.
  • the number of interferences and/or the strength of the interference signals; the first channel information is determined according to the number of interferences and/or the strength of the interference signals of the channels included in the second scan information; or the number of interferences and/or the number of channels included in the first scan information and /or the strength of the interference signal, and the number of interferences and/or the strength of the interference signal of the channels included in the second scan information to determine the first channel information.
  • the access device may also combine the scanning information sent by the user equipment and the scanning information scanned by the access device to make a comprehensive decision and determine the best working channel.
  • the selection of the optimal channel is determined based on the interference situation around one or more user equipments and the access device, referring to the interference situation around the user equipment and the access device at different locations, not just around the location where the access device is located the wireless interference environment, so as to switch to the global optimal channel.
  • the processor is further configured to: for each channel in the wireless channel, determine the channel according to the number of interferences and the strength of the interference signal of the channel in the first scan information and/or the second scan information The total interference coefficient of ; the channel with the smallest total interference coefficient is used as the second channel, and the first channel information is determined.
  • the processor is further configured to: switch the communication channel between the access device and the first user equipment from the first channel to the second channel according to the first channel information.
  • the first channel information includes: a channel number of the second channel and/or center frequency point information of the second channel.
  • the processor is further configured to: when there are multiple interference sources on the channel, detect the interference signal strength of each interference source; and determine the interference signal strength of the channel according to the multiple interference signal strengths.
  • the processor is further configured to: select a maximum value, an average value or a median value among a plurality of interfering signal strengths as the interfering signal strength of the channel.
  • a user equipment where a network connection is performed between the user equipment and an access device through a first channel
  • the user equipment includes: a processor for coupling with a memory, and reading and executing instructions stored in the memory; When the processor is running, the instruction is executed, so that the processor is further configured to: control the transmitter to send a first message to the access device when it is detected that the environmental interference parameter meets the preset condition, and the first message is used to request switching between the access device and the first message.
  • a communication channel between user equipments; the receiver is configured to receive the first channel information sent by the access device; the processor is further configured to, according to the first channel information, perform communication between the access device and the first user equipment Switch from the first channel to the second channel.
  • the user equipment when the user equipment detects that the wireless interference in the surrounding environment is relatively large, it actively sends the first message to the access device, so that the access device can actively trigger channel switching according to the first message, thereby preventing the access device from being unable to actively switch channels.
  • the resulting network freezes improve the user experience.
  • the environmental interference parameter includes Internet access speed and/or interference signal strength; the environmental interference parameter satisfying the preset condition includes: Internet access speed is less than or equal to the Internet access speed threshold, and/or the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold.
  • the environmental interference parameter further includes the duration of interference;
  • the environmental interference parameter satisfying the preset condition further includes: the Internet speed is less than or equal to the Internet speed threshold and the interference duration is greater than or equal to the first time threshold, and/or
  • the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold and the interference duration is greater than or equal to the first time threshold.
  • the present application also combines the duration of interference, thereby avoiding frequent channel switching due to temporary interference.
  • the receiver is further configured to receive a second message sent by the access device; the processor is further configured to, in response to the second message, start the user equipment to perform channel scanning on at least one of the wireless channels to obtain first scan information, where the first scan information includes the number of interferences and/or the strength of interference signals of at least one channel scanned by the user equipment; the transmitter is further configured to send the first scan information to the access device.
  • the user equipment can also scan the surrounding wireless environment, and send scanning information to the access device, so that the access device can make a comprehensive decision and determine the best working channel in combination with the scanning information sent by the user equipment.
  • the processor is further configured to: when there are multiple interference sources on the channel, detect the interference signal strength of each interference source; and determine the interference signal strength of the channel according to the multiple interference signal strengths.
  • the processor is further configured to: select a maximum value, an average value or a median value among a plurality of interfering signal strengths as the interfering signal strength of the channel.
  • the processor is further configured to: determine a second time threshold if the second channel is the same as the first channel. By setting the second time threshold, the present application ensures that frequent channel switching occurs when the current channel is already the best working channel.
  • the processor is further configured to: if the first time threshold exists, replace the first time threshold with the second time threshold; if the first time threshold does not exist, the environmental interference parameter satisfies the preset condition and also Including: the Internet speed is less than or equal to the Internet speed threshold and the interference duration is greater than or equal to the second time threshold, and/or the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold and the interference duration is greater than or equal to the second time threshold.
  • the processor is further configured to: multiply the first time threshold by a time threshold coefficient to obtain the second time threshold; or perform cumulative summation of the first time threshold and the time constant to obtain the second time threshold.
  • a channel switching method is provided, the method is applied to an access device, a network connection is performed between the access device and at least one user equipment through a first channel, and the at least one user equipment includes the first user equipment, and the method includes: Receive a first message sent by the first user equipment, where the first message is used to request to switch the communication channel between the access device and the first user equipment, wherein the first message is when the first user equipment detects that the environmental interference parameter meets the predetermined requirements. It is sent when conditions are set; the first channel information is determined according to the first message; the first channel information is sent to the first user equipment, so that the first user equipment can communicate between the access device and the first user equipment according to the first channel information The communication channel is switched from the first channel to the second channel.
  • the user equipment when the user equipment detects that the wireless interference in the surrounding environment is relatively large, it actively sends the first message to the access device, so that the access device can actively trigger channel switching according to the first message, thereby preventing the access device from being unable to actively switch channels.
  • the resulting network freezes improve the user experience.
  • sending the first channel information to the first user equipment includes: sending the first channel information to multiple user equipments, so that each user equipment that receives the first channel information sends The working channel is switched to the second channel, and the plurality of user equipments include the first user equipment.
  • the present application can also inform other multiple user equipments connected to the access device to perform channel switching together, thereby ensuring that more user equipments in the wireless network environment where the access device is located perform channel switching together and avoid channel switching due to channel switching. As a result, the connection to the access device is disconnected.
  • the method before determining the first channel information according to the first message, further includes: sending a second message to at least one user equipment; wherein the at least one user equipment includes the first user equipment, and the second The message is used to trigger at least one user equipment to perform channel scanning on the wireless channel; receive first scanning information sent by at least one user equipment; the first scanning information includes: the interference number of at least one channel scanned by each user equipment in the at least one user equipment. and/or the strength of the interference signal; determining the first channel information includes: determining the first channel information according to the number of interferences and/or the strength of the interference signal of the channel included in the first scan information.
  • the access device can also combine the scanning information sent by the user equipment to make a comprehensive decision and determine the best working channel.
  • the selection of the optimal channel is determined based on the interference situation around one or more user equipments, and the interference situation around the user equipments at different positions is referred to, so as to switch to the optimal channel.
  • determining the first channel information includes: starting the access device to perform channel scanning on at least one channel in the wireless channel to obtain second scan information, where the second scan information includes at least one channel scanned by the access device The number of interference and/or the strength of the interference signal; determining the first channel information, including: determining the first channel information according to the number of interference and/or the strength of the interference signal of the channel included in the second scan information; or according to the first scan information
  • the first channel information is determined by the number of interferences and/or the strength of the interference signals of the channels contained in the scan information, and the number of interferences and/or the strength of the interference signals of the channels contained in the second scan information.
  • the access device may also combine the scanning information sent by the user equipment and the scanning information scanned by the access device to make a comprehensive decision and determine the best working channel.
  • the selection of the optimal channel is determined based on the interference situation around one or more user equipments and the access device, referring to the interference situation around the user equipment and the access device at different locations, not just around the location where the access device is located the wireless interference environment, so as to switch to the global optimal channel.
  • determining the first channel information includes: for each channel in the wireless channel, determining the channel according to the number of interferences and the strength of the interference signal of the channel in the first scan information and/or the second scan information. The total interference coefficient of the channel; the channel with the smallest total interference coefficient is used as the second channel, and the first channel information is determined.
  • the method further includes: switching the communication channel between the access device and the first user equipment from the first channel to the second channel according to the first channel information.
  • the first channel information includes: a channel number of the second channel and/or center frequency point information of the second channel.
  • the interference signal strength of each interference source is detected; according to the multiple interference signal strengths, the interference signal strength of the channel is determined.
  • determining the interference signal strength of the channel according to a plurality of interference signal strengths includes: selecting a maximum value, an average or a median of the plurality of interference signal strengths as the interference signal strength of the channel.
  • a channel switching method is provided, the method is applied to user equipment, the user equipment and the access device are connected to a network through a first channel, and the method includes: when it is detected that an environmental interference parameter meets a preset condition, sending a first channel A message is sent to the access device. The first message is used to request to switch the communication channel between the access device and the first user equipment; receive the first channel information sent by the access device; The communication channel between the first user equipments is switched from the first channel to the second channel.
  • the user equipment when the user equipment detects that the wireless interference in the surrounding environment is relatively large, it actively sends the first message to the access device, so that the access device can actively trigger channel switching according to the first message, thereby preventing the access device from being unable to actively switch channels.
  • the resulting network freezes improve the user experience.
  • the environmental interference parameter includes Internet access speed and/or interference signal strength; the environmental interference parameter satisfying the preset condition includes: Internet access speed is less than or equal to the Internet access speed threshold, and/or the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold.
  • the environmental interference parameter further includes the duration of interference;
  • the environmental interference parameter satisfying the preset condition further includes: the Internet speed is less than or equal to the Internet speed threshold and the interference duration is greater than or equal to the first time threshold, and/or
  • the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold and the interference duration is greater than or equal to the first time threshold.
  • the present application also combines the duration of interference, thereby avoiding frequent channel switching due to temporary interference.
  • the method before receiving the first channel information sent by the access device, the method further includes: receiving a second message sent by the access device; in response to the second message, initiating the user equipment to perform at least one of the wireless channels Channel scanning is performed on one channel to obtain first scanning information, where the first scanning information includes the number of interferences and/or the strength of interference signals of at least one channel scanned by the user equipment; the first scanning information is sent to the access device.
  • the user equipment can also scan the surrounding wireless environment, and send scanning information to the access device, so that the access device can make a comprehensive decision and determine the best working channel in combination with the scanning information sent by the user equipment.
  • the interference signal strength of each interference source is detected; according to the multiple interference signal strengths, the interference signal strength of the channel is determined.
  • determining the interference signal strength of the channel according to a plurality of interference signal strengths includes: selecting a maximum value, an average or a median of the plurality of interference signal strengths as the interference signal strength of the channel.
  • the method further includes: if the second channel is the same as the first channel, determining a second time threshold. By setting the second time threshold, the present application ensures that frequent channel switching occurs when the current channel is already the best working channel.
  • the method further includes: if there is a first time threshold, replacing the first time threshold with a second time threshold; if there is no first time threshold, the environmental interference parameter meeting the preset condition further includes: The Internet speed is less than or equal to the Internet speed threshold and the interference duration is greater than or equal to the second time threshold, and/or the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold and the interference duration is greater than or equal to the second time threshold.
  • determining the second time threshold includes: multiplying the first time threshold by a time threshold coefficient to obtain the second time threshold; or accumulating and summing the first time threshold and the time constant to obtain the second time threshold .
  • the present application discloses a channel switching method, an access device, and a user equipment.
  • the user equipment detects that an environmental interference parameter meets a preset condition, it sends first information to the access device. Based on this, the access network device may determine that the first channel information is provided to the user equipment for the user equipment to perform channel switching. In order to perform channel switching before the network is seriously deteriorated, the network access efficiency is improved.
  • the access device may determine the best working channel and perform channel switching in combination with the first scan information of the user equipment and/or the second scan information obtained by scanning itself.
  • the above method makes comprehensive decisions based on different positions of the user equipment, and actively triggers the access equipment to perform channel switching when interference occurs in the network environment.
  • the selection of the best channel is based on the user equipment connected to the access device and the interference situation around the access device, not just the wireless interference environment around the location of the access device, so that it can truly switch to the global optimal channel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Wi-Fi scenario in a home environment provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal interference mobile phone interface provided by the application
  • Fig. 3 is a kind of co-channel interference schematic diagram
  • Fig. 5 is a kind of interference schematic diagram
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a network environment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an interference network environment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a channel switching method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of interaction between a channel switching AP and a user equipment according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a single-user equipment network environment according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another single-user equipment network environment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another single-user equipment network environment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of interaction between a channel switching AP and a multi-user equipment according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a multi-user equipment network environment according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of another single-user equipment network environment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of yet another multi-user equipment network environment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another AP provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another user equipment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the application scenario of this application may be in a wireless network environment in a certain fixed area, such as a home scenario, an office scenario, or a wireless network environment in a certain shopping mall interior scenario, etc., of course, it can also be applied to an outdoor area, the present invention
  • the embodiment is not limited.
  • an access device and one or more user equipments may be included in this area, and the access device is, for example, a wireless access device.
  • one or more user equipments are connected to the network through a main access device, such as access to a wired network, a cellular network, or other wireless local area networks.
  • other devices may also be included, such as mobile terminals, household appliances, and other access devices, and so on.
  • the mobile device can be, for example, a smart watch, a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with a wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (Virtual Reality, VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (Augmented Reality, AR) terminal device, a remote Wireless terminal in medical (remote medical), wireless terminal in smart city (smart city), wireless terminal in smart home (smart home) and so on.
  • a wireless access device in the above network environment for example, it may be an AP, a parent-child router, and so on.
  • the AP may be a cell phone, a laptop, a wireless customer premises equipment, a wireless hotspot, a wireless router, a wireless switch, and the like.
  • the user equipment when the access device is an AP, in this scenario, can be connected to the AP in a wireless manner, and access a wired network or a wireless local area network through the AP.
  • the AP when accessing a wired network through an AP, the AP is mainly used for bridging between the wired network and the wireless network, such as a wireless router, a wireless network bridge, or a laptop computer in daily life.
  • the AP is mainly used to transmit wireless signals to form a local area network wirelessly. For example, wireless switches in daily life, etc.
  • the AP can also be replaced with any other possible wireless access device.
  • the access device may also be an access device capable of converting cellular data into a wireless network, such as a wireless hotspot, a wireless customer premise equipment (CPE), and the like. More specifically, it can be any terminal device that can access the cellular network, such as a mobile phone and a tablet computer.
  • the access device may be a mobile phone, and the mobile phone converts the cellular network into a wireless network and serves as a hotspot for other user equipment to access.
  • the mobile phone is used as a hotspot for one or more user equipments to be connected and connected to the cellular network through the mobile phone.
  • a tablet computer that can be connected to a cellular network can also be used to replace a mobile phone, or a wearable device that can be connected to a cellular network, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • interference sources may also be included.
  • the interference source may also be a wireless access device, such as an AP, a parent-child router, and the like.
  • the interference source may also be some devices that can generate Bluetooth signals, microwave signals, or short-range wireless signals, such as Bluetooth devices, microwave ovens, induction cookers, cordless phones, and so on.
  • the access device is an AP as an example for introduction.
  • the access device is a hotspot or other access device, reference may be made to the AP, and details are not repeated here.
  • the network environment in the home scenario may include, for example, a wireless access device, an interference source, and multiple user equipments.
  • the network environment may be, for example, a Wi-Fi environment, and multiple user equipments may be connected to a wireless access device through Wi-Fi.
  • the plurality of user equipments may include, for example, user equipment 1 , user equipment 2 and user equipment 3 .
  • the wireless access device may be an access device 1, such as an AP.
  • the AP is wirelessly connected with multiple user equipments, and connects the multiple user equipments to the wired network.
  • multiple user equipments can perform data interaction with other equipments through the wired network.
  • the network environment may also include interference sources, such as the access device 2 .
  • the interference source may be any device that can generate wireless signals, such as any form of wireless access device, or other user equipment, such as mobile terminals, household appliances, and some other APs.
  • the access device 2 will cause interference to the wireless signal transmitted by the AP. Therefore, the access device 2 is regarded as an interference source in the network environment. It is assumed that the wireless signal transmitted by the interference source can cover the user equipment 2 . For the user equipment 2, it needs to be connected to the wired network through the AP, so the wireless signal transmitted by the interference source becomes the interference signal for the user equipment 2.
  • the interference signal will cause serious interference to the user equipment 2, and even affect the Internet access speed of the user equipment 2 or cause network freezes.
  • the schematic diagram of the game interface shown in FIG. 2 It can be seen that due to the appearance of surrounding interference sources, the Wi-Fi connected to the user equipment is seriously affected, which can be embodied in the exclamation mark on the Wi-Fi logo at the upper right of Figure 2.
  • this if the user is playing online games, watching online videos, or listening to music online, this will cause serious freezes. For example, online games are suddenly disconnected, videos cannot be loaded, or music cannot continue to be played, etc., which seriously affect the user's online experience.
  • the interference signal transmitted by the interference source and the wireless signal transmitted by the AP may be the same channel or adjacent channel. If the interference signal transmitted by the interference source and the wireless signal transmitted by the AP are on the same channel, the interference signal is co-channel interference at this time.
  • co-channel interference occurs, since the interference source and the AP share the same channel to transmit signals, if data transmission is performed on this channel, each device sharing this channel needs to transmit data in turn.
  • an AP is in the middle, and multiple devices that share a channel with the AP are around. Obviously, in this scenario, each device needs to spend a lot of time waiting to allocate a shared channel for its own device to use when transmitting data. Therefore, more devices means longer wait times.
  • different devices can negotiate with each other the working time slice, and distinguish the wireless signals of different devices by the time period, for example, using carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (carrier sense multiple access).
  • carrier sense multiple access with collision avoid, CSMA/CA sense multiple access with collision avoid
  • the interference signal transmitted by the interference source and the wireless signal transmitted by the AP are adjacent channels
  • the interference signal is adjacent channel interference at this time.
  • the center frequency of each channel differs by 5MHz, but the effective width of each channel is 20MHz plus a mandatory isolation frequency band with a width of 2MHz. Therefore, there will be an overlap of nearly 17MHz between two adjacent channels.
  • adjacent channel A, channel B and channel C have overlapping coverage areas. And there is an overlap of nearly 17 MHz in frequency band between channel A and channel B, an overlap of nearly 17 MHz in frequency band between channel B and channel C, and an overlap of nearly 12 MHz in frequency band between channel A and channel C.
  • each channel will have a large number of adjacent channels with overlapping frequency bands. Therefore, for adjacent channel interference, it is still more important to select channels between different devices.
  • some electrical appliances will also interfere with the user equipment in the wireless environment.
  • some household appliances or terminal devices such as wireless phones, microwave ovens or Bluetooth devices, also Corresponding wireless signals will be generated and become interference signals of APs in the overlapping coverage area.
  • the AP selects the best working channel, it only considers the environment of its own location, and does not consider the wireless environment around each user equipment connected to it. It can be seen that when the AP selects the best working channel, it is not necessarily the best for the user equipment.
  • a first message is sent to the access device, so that the access device triggers channel switching according to the first message.
  • the user equipment can also scan the surrounding wireless environment, and send the first scan information to the access device, so that the access device can determine the most suitable handover according to the first scan information and/or the second scan information scanned by the AP. best working channel.
  • the above method can make comprehensive decisions based on the different positions of the user equipment and realize the AP to automatically switch channels in a timely manner.
  • the selection of the optimal channel is based on the interference situation of the user equipment and/or the AP around it, so that it can truly switch to the overall situation. optimal channel.
  • This application will take the wireless access device as an AP as an example to illustrate various aspects of this solution, but it is understandable that the AP can also be replaced by any other wireless access device, which is not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a network environment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network environment may include at least one AP for transmitting wireless signals, at least one interference source, and at least one user equipment.
  • the user equipment in FIG. 6 may include user equipment 1 , user equipment 2 and user equipment 3 .
  • multiple user equipments are connected to the AP through wireless signals transmitted by the AP, and are connected to the wired network (or wireless network) through the AP.
  • the network environment also includes at least one interference source, and the area covered by the interference signal transmitted by the interference source will cause wireless interference to the user equipment. It will be appreciated that in some cases any number of interference sources may exist.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a network environment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the AP can detect the interference signal generated by the interference source 1, the user equipment 1 can detect the interference signal generated by the interference source 2, and the user equipment 2 can detect the interference signal generated by the interference source 1 and the interference source 2. generated interference signals.
  • both the AP and the user equipment 2 can detect the interference signal generated by the interference source 1. Therefore, the interference source 1 acts as the same interference source as the AP and the user equipment 1.
  • the interference signal generated by the interference source 2 can be detected. Therefore, the interference source 2 acts as the same interference source for the user equipment 1 and the user equipment 2.
  • the same interference source 1 exists for the AP and the user equipment 2. Since the locations of the AP and the user equipment 2 are different, the interference signal strengths generated by the interference source 1 to the AP and the user equipment 2 are also different. Similarly, for user equipment 1 and user equipment 2, the same interference source 2 exists. Since user equipment 1 and user equipment 2 are in different locations, the interference signal strengths generated by interference source 2 to user equipment 1 and user equipment 2 are also different. .
  • the AP only considers the channel obtained by the interference situation of its own location. Since the determination of the channel does not refer to the interference situation around user equipment 1 or user equipment 2, it is relatively different from user equipment 1 and user equipment 2. In other words, the re-selected channel is obviously not optimal, and it is possible that the re-selected channel is still interfered by the interference source. Therefore, it is also necessary to consider the interference situations of user equipments in different locations at the same time, and make a comprehensive decision.
  • FIG. 8 a flowchart of a channel switching method provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown.
  • the present application provides a channel switching method, which can be applied to a scenario where the same or different interference sources exist between an AP and a user equipment in a network environment.
  • a channel switching method which can be applied to a scenario where the same or different interference sources exist between an AP and a user equipment in a network environment.
  • the network connection between the AP and one or more user equipments is performed through the first channel, and the interference source may be an AP in any form.
  • the method can solve the problem that when different devices have different interference sources in the network environment, the AP can select the best channel for switching according to the actual interference situation of the user equipment at each location.
  • the co-frequency in the co-frequency interference involved in this application is the frequency band of the same channel as the wireless signal transmitted by the AP, that is, the co-frequency.
  • the method may include the following steps:
  • any user equipment connected to the AP sends a first message to the AP.
  • the first user equipment may detect the surrounding environment, and send the first message to the AP when detecting that the environmental interference parameter meets the preset condition.
  • the first user equipment may be any user equipment connected to the AP.
  • the environmental interference parameters may include Internet access speed and/or interference signal strength.
  • any user equipment connected to the AP can send the first message to the AP.
  • the first message may be a channel switching request (request, Req) message. It can be understood that the first message is used to indicate that the user equipment requests to perform channel switching.
  • the user equipment For detecting that the environmental interference parameter meets the preset condition, in one example, when the user equipment detects that the network speed is less than or equal to the preset network speed threshold, it may consider that the environmental interference parameter meets the preset condition, and determine the possible surrounding of the user equipment. There is interference, and S801 is performed.
  • the network speed may include upload speed and/or download speed.
  • the user equipment may periodically detect the network speed, for example, the user equipment periodically detects whether the network speed is less than or equal to a preset network speed threshold.
  • the preset network speed threshold can be arbitrarily set according to the actual situation, for example, the network speed threshold can be set to a download speed of 500k/s and/or an upload speed of 50k/s, and so on.
  • the period of periodic detection can be arbitrarily set according to the actual situation, for example, the period is 2ms, 0.5ms and so on.
  • the user equipment can also detect whether the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold.
  • the user equipment detects that the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold, it may be considered that the environmental interference parameter satisfies the preset condition, and it is determined whether there is interference around the user equipment.
  • the user equipment detects that the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold, it is determined that there is interference around the user equipment, and S901 is performed.
  • the interference signal is generated and emitted by the interference source in the network environment.
  • the user equipment may periodically detect the signal strength of the interference signal.
  • the period can be arbitrarily set according to the actual situation, for example, the period is 2ms, 0.5ms and so on.
  • the user equipment when the user equipment detects that the network speed is less than or equal to the preset network speed threshold, it can also Start to detect whether the signal strength of the jammer is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold.
  • the user equipment detects that the network speed is less than or equal to the preset network speed threshold, and the signal strength of the interference signal is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold, it can be considered that the environmental interference parameters meet the preset conditions, and determine whether there is interference around the user equipment. It can be understood that, in this example, the detection of the network speed and the detection of the interference signal may also be periodic detection.
  • the timer can be started.
  • the time recorded by the timer is greater than or equal to the preset waiting time threshold, it is considered that the current network speed drop is not caused by some accidental factors, such as an object between the user equipment and the AP, which causes the signal to deteriorate and initiates interference Detection of signal strength.
  • the user equipment when detecting that the network speed is less than or equal to the preset network speed threshold, and/or the interference signal strength is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold, the user equipment may also use a timer for timing at the same time.
  • S801 may be performed.
  • the signal strength threshold and the first time threshold can be arbitrarily set according to the actual situation, for example, the signal strength threshold can be set to -100dBm or -150dBm, and the first time threshold can be set to 50ms or 100ms and so on.
  • the network speed threshold may be set to the loading speed or higher than the loading speed.
  • the user equipment when the user equipment detects that the environmental interference parameter satisfies the preset condition, it actively sends a channel switching request to the AP, that is, the first message. It can be ensured that when interference occurs around the user equipment, channel switching can be performed in a timely manner, which improves the user's experience of surfing the Internet.
  • the present application also incorporates the condition that the duration must be greater than or equal to the first time threshold, which can further avoid multiple channel switching in a short time and the impact of multiple channel switching in a short time on the user.
  • the AP determines the second channel.
  • the AP may directly determine the second channel to be switched. For example, according to a preset rule, a certain channel is designated as the second channel.
  • the second channel may be determined according to a preset channel switching sequence, for example, the preset channel switching sequence is channel 1, channel 6, channel 11, channel 2, channel 7, and so on. Then, the first channel of the current first channel that is delayed in the above channel switching sequence may be selected as the second channel.
  • the preset rule may be that after the AP receives the first message, the AP starts its own device to scan the channel, and obtains the second scan information. For example, after the AP receives the channel switching request message sent by the user equipment, the AP can also detect the wireless interference environment around it, obtain the second scan information detected by the AP, and determine that the AP is on one or more channels according to the second scan information on the interference factor. The AP may also determine the first working channel according to the interference coefficients of the AP on one or more channels.
  • the AP can obtain the second scan information by scanning each channel.
  • the second scanning information may include the number of interference sources and/or the interference signal strength of the corresponding channel scanned by the AP on one or more channels.
  • the second scan information may also include the signal strength of Bluetooth, the signal strength of microwave, and/or the signal strength of wireless signals transmitted by the cordless phone, and so on. It can be understood that the number of interference sources on each channel may be one or more, and the interference signal strengths of different interference sources are also different. Therefore, the maximum interference signal strength can be selected as the interference signal strength of the channel.
  • the average or median of the received interference signal strengths of multiple interference sources may also be selected as the interference signal strength of the channel.
  • the second scan information may be in the form of a table. For example, as shown in Table 1.
  • the interference signal strength of the interference source can be used as the interference signal strength of the channel, for example, -30dBm.
  • the user equipment scans two interference sources on channel 6.
  • the interference signal strength of interference source 1 is -60 dBm
  • the interference signal strength of interference source 2 is -80 dBm.
  • -60dBm with a larger interference signal strength is used as the interference signal strength of channel 6.
  • the interference signal strength of interference source 1 is -40 dBm
  • the interference signal strength of interference source 2 is -80 dBm.
  • the interference signal strengths of interference source 1 and interference source 2 are averaged, that is, -60 dBm is used as the interference signal strength of channel 6.
  • the median can also be taken according to the interference signal strengths of multiple interference sources, and used as the interference signal strength of the channel.
  • the specific number of interference sources and the numerical value of the strength of the interference signal can be arbitrarily changed according to the actual situation, and the data in the above Table 1 is only for illustration and not for limitation. It can be understood that the interference source scanned on each channel at this time may have the same frequency as the channel, or may be adjacent to the channel.
  • the above-mentioned Table 1 only includes scanning information corresponding to the scanned channels.
  • the interference coefficients of the AP on different channels can be determined according to the second scan information.
  • the interference coefficients of APs on different channels can be represented by Table 2.
  • y 0-n represents the interference coefficients on different channels scanned by the AP.
  • Equation 1 a calculation method of y mn is provided, such as shown in Equation 1.
  • x 1 represents the number of co-channel interference sources detected on the channel. It can be understood that the number of co-channel interference sources represents the number of co-frequency interference sources with the channel. For example, the number of interference sources on the same channel as the wireless signal transmitted by the AP in the second scan information.
  • x 2 represents the detected adjacent channel interference signal strength on this channel. For example, the strength of the interference signal with each adjacent channel in the second scan information.
  • w 1 is the weighted value of x 1
  • w 2 is the weighted value of x 2 . It can be understood that w 1 and w 2 can be arbitrarily set according to actual conditions, which are not limited in this application. Of course, in an example, x 1 and x 2 can be normalized, and then calculated in combination with formula 1.
  • the AP When the AP obtains all the information shown in Table 3 above, it can take the channel with the smallest interference coefficient y 0-n as the best working channel, that is, the second channel, and determine the channel number n of the channel.
  • y 0-n can be sorted from small to large. For example, an interference sorting list shown in Table 3.
  • the total interference value y 6 of channel 6 is the smallest, so channel 6 can be taken as the best working channel, that is, the first working channel, and the channel number "6" of this channel is recorded.
  • the preset rule may also be to determine the second channel according to the interference situation around the user equipment.
  • the method may further include the following steps:
  • the AP sends a second message to the user equipment connected to the AP.
  • the second message is an instruction message that the AP allows the user equipment to perform channel switching.
  • the AP may send a second message to at least one user equipment.
  • the at least one user equipment includes a first user equipment that sends a first message to the AP. It can be understood that, if there are multiple user equipments connected to the AP, the AP can send the second message to at least two user equipments.
  • the at least two user equipments include the first user equipment that sends the first message to the AP.
  • the AP may send the second message to each user equipment.
  • the second message may be, for example, a channel switching response message
  • the channel switching response message may be an acknowledgement (acknowledgement, Ack) message.
  • each user equipment that receives the second message scans the channel, and determines the first scan information.
  • the first scan information may include the number of interference sources scanned by the user equipment on one or more channels and/or the interference signal strength of the corresponding channel.
  • the user equipments may scan one or more channels in the network environment.
  • the user equipment can perform channel scanning immediately.
  • the user equipment scans the channel to obtain first scan information, and the first scan information may include the number of interference sources of the channel and/or the strength of the interference signal of the channel.
  • the first scan information may also include the signal strength of Bluetooth, the signal strength of microwave, and/or the signal strength of wireless signals transmitted by the cordless phone, and so on.
  • channel scanning is performed on each channel in the network environment.
  • the user equipment scans one or more channels in the network environment, which may be the user equipment receiving the second message to scan each channel, and obtain the first scan information corresponding to the user equipment.
  • the first scanning information may include the number of interference sources scanned by the user equipment on each channel and/or the interference signal strength of the corresponding channel. It can be understood that there may be one or more interference sources on each channel, and the interference signal strengths of different interference sources are also different. Therefore, for the interference signal strength of a certain channel, the maximum received interference signal strength can be selected as the interference signal strength of the channel. Of course, in other examples, the average value of the received interference signal strengths of each interference source may also be selected as the interference signal strength of the channel.
  • the first scan information may exist in the form of a table. For example, as shown in Table 4.
  • the type of information included in the first scan information is similar to the type of information included in the second scan information. For details, reference may be made to the corresponding description of the first scan information, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AP connected to it will also be detected when the interference source is detected. Therefore, when calculating the number of interference sources on the channel connected to the AP, the number needs to be subtracted by 1 in order to exclude real AP.
  • the signal strength of the AP connected to the user equipment also needs to be ignored. For example, when calculating the interference signal strength of a certain adjacent channel, the signal strength of the AP is ignored, and only the interference signal strength of other interference sources detected on the channel is combined as the interference signal strength of the channel.
  • the above-mentioned Table 4 only includes scanning information corresponding to the scanned channels.
  • S804 may be performed.
  • the user equipment sends the first scan information to the AP.
  • the one or more user equipments that have received the second message send the scanned first scan information to the AP.
  • the AP After the AP receives the first scan information sent by one or more user equipments, the AP determines the second channel in S805, which may be that the AP determines the second channel according to at least one piece of the first scan information.
  • the at least one piece of first scan information includes first scan information sent by the first user equipment.
  • the AP can determine the interference coefficient of the user equipment on the scanned channel according to the first scanning information.
  • the interference coefficient of the user equipment on the channel can be represented by Table 5.
  • the interference coefficient on the channel scanned by the user equipment can be represented in the form of y mn , where m is a positive integer to represent the user equipment.
  • y mn is used to represent the interference coefficient on channel n scanned by the mth user equipment. For a specific calculation method of y mn , reference may be made to Formula 1, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AP After the AP obtains all the information shown in Table 5 above, it can combine the interference coefficients of the user equipments on each channel to determine the total interference value on each channel. For example, as shown in Table 6.
  • the calculation method of the total channel interference value yn is shown in formula 2, for example.
  • the total interference value yn of the channel is finally determined.
  • the interference coefficients of different user equipments may also be multiplied by a preset first weight value, and then accumulated and summed.
  • the AP After the AP determines the total interference value y n of one or more channels, it takes the channel with the smallest total interference value yn as the best working channel, that is, the second channel, and determines the channel number n of the channel.
  • y n can be sorted from small to large. For details, reference may be made to, for example, an interference sorting list shown in Table 3, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AP may also determine the second channel by combining the first scan information and the second scan information after the AP scans each channel.
  • the AP can determine the interference coefficient of the AP on each channel according to the second scan information, and determine the interference coefficient of the user equipment on each channel according to the first scan information.
  • the AP may determine the interference coefficients on different channels between the AP and different user equipments shown in Table 7 according to the first scanning information and the second scanning information.
  • Table 7 may further include more interference coefficients of user equipments.
  • the meaning of the parameters shown in Table 7 can be described with reference to Table 2 and Table 5, and details are not repeated here.
  • the total interference value on the channel can be determined by combining the interference coefficient of the user equipment on each channel and the interference coefficient of the AP. For example, as shown in Table 8.
  • the calculation method of the total channel interference value yn may refer to formula 2, which will not be repeated here.
  • the channel with the smallest total interference value yn is taken as the best working channel, that is, the first working channel, and the channel number n of the channel is determined.
  • y n can be sorted from small to large. For details, reference may be made to, for example, an interference sorting list shown in Table 3, which will not be repeated here.
  • the access device sends a first channel message to one or more user equipments connected to the network device.
  • the AP may send a first channel message to one or more user equipments connected to the AP.
  • sending the first channel message to one or more user equipments connected to the AP includes the first user equipment.
  • the first channel message may be channel indication information, where the indication information may include a channel number of the second channel, and is used to inform the user equipment to switch the working channel to the second channel.
  • the indication information may also include center frequency point information of the second channel.
  • the network device may send the first channel message to all user equipments connected to the access device, or all user equipments that communicate with the access device through the first channel.
  • the AP sends the first channel message to one or more user equipments connected to the AP, which may be sent to each user equipment connected to the AP.
  • one or more user equipments connected to the AP switch the current working channel to the second channel according to the channel number of the second channel in the first channel message. Or, according to the center frequency point information of the second channel in the first channel message, the current working channel is switched to the second channel.
  • the framework layer of the user equipment sends a switching instruction to control the baseband chip in the hardware layer to start the switching function of the radio frequency switch, thereby realizing the switching of the antenna frequency.
  • the switching instruction includes the channel number of the second channel or the center frequency point information of the second channel.
  • the user equipment determines the channel number to be switched or the center frequency point information to be switched according to the first channel message, and then the module for controlling channel switching in the framework layer of the user equipment generates a switching instruction, where the switching instruction includes the channel number to be switched Or prepare the center frequency information for switching, and send the switching instruction to the baseband chip in the physical layer, so that the baseband chip can control the antenna to perform channel switching according to the switching instruction, such as switching the frequency band of the antenna to transmit wireless signals, thereby realizing channel switching.
  • the specific implementation process is the same as that in the prior art, and details are not repeated here.
  • the second time threshold is determined. If the user equipment does not set the first time threshold, when detecting that the environmental interference parameter meets the preset condition, the user equipment can detect whether the duration for which the environmental interference parameter meets the preset condition is greater than or equal to the second time threshold.
  • the second time threshold is greater than the first time threshold.
  • the second time threshold may be X times the first time threshold.
  • X may be a preset time threshold coefficient, and the value of X may be a positive number greater than 1. For example, X can take a value of 1.5, 2, or 3, and so on.
  • the second time threshold may be obtained by adding the first time threshold and a time constant.
  • the time constant can be any positive number, for example, the time constant can be 2, 5, 6.5, or 10, and so on.
  • the unit of the time constant needs to be consistent with the unit of the first time threshold. For example milliseconds (ms), seconds (s), minutes (min), or hours (h), etc. If the unit of the time constant is different from the unit of the first time threshold, the unit needs to be converted and then accumulated.
  • the value of the second time threshold may be substituted for the value of the first time threshold.
  • the AP switches the channel to the second channel.
  • S808 may also be directly executed, and the AP switches the current working channel to the second channel according to the determined channel number of the second channel.
  • the AP may also switch the current working channel to the second channel according to the determined center frequency point information of the second channel.
  • the manner in which the AP switches the working channel is the same as the manner in which the user equipment performs channel switching in S807, and details are not repeated here. It can be understood that S808 can be executed at any time after S805, that is, there is no execution sequence between S808, S806 and S807.
  • step of S801 when a certain user equipment connected to the AP detects that the interference in the surrounding wireless network environment is relatively strong, it can scan each channel at the same time, and obtain the first scan information. and send the first scan information and the first message to the AP at the same time. Therefore, the time occupied by the subsequent AP requesting the first user equipment for channel scanning and the first user equipment sending the scanned first scanning information to the AP is saved, and the process of channel switching by the AP is accelerated.
  • the AP notifies one or more user equipments connected to it to perform channel scanning, and determines the optimal working channel according to the first scanning information scanned by each user equipment. Then notify the user equipment to switch the current working channel to the optimal working channel.
  • the AP can switch channels quickly, and the switched channels are guaranteed to have minimal interference in the network environment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a channel switching method.
  • the network environment involved in the method includes an AP and a user equipment connected to the AP.
  • the user equipment sends a first message to the AP.
  • the first message is used to request the AP to perform channel switching.
  • the AP sends a second message to the user equipment.
  • the second message is an instruction message that the AP allows the user equipment to perform channel switching.
  • the implementation of S901 and S902 may be as shown in FIG. 10 , for example.
  • the user equipment is connected to the AP.
  • the interference signal transmitted by the interference source will cause co-channel interference or adjacent-channel interference to the wireless signal transmitted by the AP.
  • the interferer cannot detect the presence of the AP. Therefore, the interference source cannot determine the channel used by the AP when transmitting the interference signal, resulting in a higher probability of co-channel interference or adjacent-channel interference.
  • the user equipment When the user equipment detects that the interference signal strength sent by the interference source is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold, and/or the user equipment detects that the network speed is less than or equal to the preset network speed threshold, the user equipment can actively send a channel switching request to the AP to the AP , that is, the first message is sent.
  • the AP After receiving the channel switching request sent by the user equipment, the AP can send a channel switching response message to the user equipment. That is, the second message is sent to indicate that the AP allows the user equipment to perform channel switching.
  • the user equipment scans each channel, and determines the first scan information.
  • the user equipment sends the first scan information to the AP.
  • the AP determines the first working channel according to the first scan information and the second scan information after the AP scans each channel.
  • S903, S904, and S905 are the same as the above-mentioned S803, S804, and S805, and details are not repeated here.
  • the implementation of S903, S904 and S905 may be as shown in FIG. 11, for example. It can be seen that in this environment, after receiving the second message sent by the AP, the user equipment can scan each channel, and obtain the first scan information as shown in Table 1. For details, reference may be made to the corresponding description in S803, which will not be repeated here. Then, the user equipment sends the first scan information obtained by scanning to the AP. In one example, the first scan information may be list information. After receiving the first scan information, the AP can start its own device to scan and obtain the second scan information, for example, as shown in Table 2. For details, please refer to the corresponding description in S805, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AP calculates the interference coefficients of different devices on each channel shown in Table 3 by combining the first scan information and the second scan information. Then, the total interference coefficient of each channel is calculated and the first working channel is determined by means of Table 4 and Table 5. For details, refer to the corresponding description in S805, which is not repeated here.
  • the AP sends the first channel message to the user equipment.
  • the first channel message may include the channel number of the second channel or center frequency point information of the second channel, so that the user equipment switches to the second channel according to the first channel message.
  • the user equipment switches the channel to the second channel.
  • the AP switches the channel to the second channel.
  • S906, S907, and S908 are the same as the above-mentioned S806, S807, and S808, and details are not repeated here.
  • the implementation of S906, S907 and S908 may be as shown in FIG. 12, for example. It can be seen that, after determining the second channel, the AP will send the first channel message to the user equipment. Wherein, the first channel message includes the channel number of the second channel, such as CH6; or the first channel message includes the center frequency of the second channel, such as 2.437GHz. After receiving the first channel message, the user equipment may switch the current working channel to the second channel according to the channel number of the second channel or the center frequency of the second channel contained in the first channel message. For example, switch the working channel to channel 6. Of course, the AP also needs to switch the current working channel to the second channel.
  • the first channel message includes the channel number of the second channel, such as CH6; or the first channel message includes the center frequency of the second channel, such as 2.437GHz.
  • the user equipment may switch the current working channel to the second channel according to the channel number of the second channel or the center frequency of the second channel contained in the first channel message. For example, switch the working channel to
  • the user equipment may send a response message to the AP.
  • the response message is used to indicate that the user equipment has received the first channel message.
  • the AP may perform switching of the current working channel to the second channel.
  • the AP can switch the working channel immediately after receiving the response message, and certainly can switch the working channel after a period of time after receiving the response message.
  • the period of time may be arbitrarily set according to the actual situation, which is not limited in this application.
  • the user equipment may determine the second time threshold, or set the first time threshold to the same channel. Adjust to the second time threshold, for example, multiply the first time threshold by 2.
  • the first time threshold can also be adjusted arbitrarily according to the actual situation. For details, please refer to the corresponding description in S807, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AP when the AP only connects with one user equipment, in the step of S901, when the user equipment detects that the interference in the surrounding wireless network environment is relatively strong, it can simultaneously connect to each user equipment.
  • the channel is scanned, and the first scanning information is obtained. and send the first scan information and the first message to the AP at the same time.
  • the AP may not send the second message, and at the same time start the AP itself to scan each channel to obtain the second scan information. That is, after S901, S902, S903, and S904 are skipped, and S905 is directly executed.
  • the second channel is then determined in combination with the first scan information and the second scan information.
  • the AP notifies the user equipment connected to it to perform channel scanning, and determines the optimal working channel according to the first scanning information scanned by the user equipment. Then notify the user equipment to switch the current working channel to the optimal working channel. Therefore, the AP can switch channels quickly and ensure minimal interference in the network environment.
  • FIG. 13 a schematic diagram of interaction between a channel switching AP and a multi-user equipment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides another channel switching interaction mode, which is different from FIG. 9 in that it can be applied to a scenario where the same or different interference sources exist between an AP and multiple user equipments in a network environment.
  • the interference source may be an AP in any form.
  • the method may include the following steps:
  • the user equipment 1 sends a first message to the AP.
  • the user equipment 1 may detect the surrounding environment, and send the first message to the AP when detecting that the environmental interference parameter meets the preset condition.
  • the user equipment 2 can execute S1301' and the user equipment n can execute S1301", and the implementation process of S1301' and S1301" is the same as that of S1301, which is not repeated here.
  • the specific implementation can refer to S801, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AP sends a second message to user equipment 1, user equipment 2, . . . user equipment n.
  • the AP in S1302 needs to send the second message to one or more user equipments connected to the AP.
  • the one or more user equipments may be some or all of the user equipments that communicate with the access device, or may be some or all of the user equipments that communicate with the access device through the first channel. In an example, it can be sent to each user equipment connected to the AP, and the specific implementation method can refer to S802, which is not repeated here.
  • the implementation of S1301, S1301' and S1301" and S1302 can be shown, for example, as shown in Figure 14. It can be seen that the AP is connected to user equipment 1 and user equipment 2 in this environment.
  • the interference signal emitted by the interference source may
  • the wireless signal transmitted by the AP is in the same frequency channel or adjacent frequency channel.
  • the interference source cannot detect the existence of the AP.
  • the wireless signal transmitted by the AP cannot be known.
  • the channel where the signal is located will lead to a greater possibility that the channel where the interference signal transmitted by the interference source is located will overlap with the channel where the wireless signal transmitted by the AP is located, resulting in a co-channel or adjacent-channel channel.
  • the interference source can detect the channel used by the AP, and the interference source can select the channel that does not overlap the channel used by the AP when transmitting the interference signal, thereby avoiding mutual interference between channels.
  • the interference signal transmitted by the interference source may still be in the same frequency channel or adjacent frequency channel as the wireless signal transmitted by the AP.
  • the interference source will cause co-channel interference or adjacent-channel interference to the AP.
  • the user equipment 1 may send a channel switching request to the AP, that is, send the first message.
  • the user equipment may send a channel switching request to the AP after detecting that the network speed is less than or equal to the network speed threshold, and/or the interference signal strength sent by the interference source is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold.
  • the user equipment 2 may also detect that the network speed is less than or equal to the network speed threshold, and/or the interference signal strength sent by another interference source is greater than or equal to the signal strength threshold, and sends a channel switching request to the AP .
  • the AP When the AP receives the channel switching request, it can send a channel switching response message to user equipment 1 and user equipment 2, indicating that the AP allows both user equipment 1 and user equipment 2 to perform channel switching. For example, after receiving the channel switching request, immediately send Channel switching responses to user equipment 1 and user equipment 2.
  • each user equipment that receives the first message scans the channel.
  • the user equipment 1 sends the first scan information to the AP.
  • the user equipment 2 can execute S1304' and the user equipment n can execute S1304", and the implementation process of S1304' and S1304" is the same as that of S1304, which is not repeated here.
  • S1305 Determine the second channel according to the plurality of first scan information and the second scan information scanned by the AP.
  • the implementation of S1303 to S1305 may be as shown in FIG. 15 , for example. It can be seen that there are multiple user equipments, such as user equipment 1 and user equipment 2, in this environment. After the user equipment 1 and the user equipment 2 receive the channel switching response message (ie, the second message) sent by the AP, each user equipment can scan each channel. Wherein, the user equipment 1 can obtain the first scan information as shown in Table 1. For details, reference may be made to the corresponding description in S803, which will not be repeated here. For the user equipment 2, the first scan information similar to Table 1 can also be obtained, that is, the first scan information obtained by the user equipment 2 can be as shown in Table 9,
  • the user equipment 1 sends the first scan information to the AP after scanning to obtain the first scan information of the user equipment 1 .
  • the user equipment 2 also sends the first scan information to the AP after scanning to obtain the first scan information of the user equipment 2 .
  • the first scan information of user equipment 1 may be list 1 information
  • the first scan information of user equipment 2 may be list 2 information.
  • the AP after receiving the channel switching request as shown in Figure 14, it can start its own device to scan and obtain the second scan information. It can be understood that the AP can scan the channel by itself at any time after receiving the channel switching request, which is not limited in this application.
  • the second scan information may be as shown in Table 2, for details, reference may be made to the corresponding description in S805, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AP can calculate and obtain the interference coefficients of different devices on each channel shown in Table 10.
  • Table 10 is as follows.
  • m in y mn can be defined as the mth user equipment, for example, y 2-n represents the interference coefficient of channel n scanned by user equipment 2, or y 5-n represents user equipment 5 Interference coefficient of scanned channel n.
  • y 2-n represents the interference coefficient of channel n scanned by user equipment 2
  • y 5-n represents user equipment 5 Interference coefficient of scanned channel n.
  • AP it is still represented as AP, that is, y 0-n represents the interference coefficient of channel n scanned by AP.
  • m is an arbitrary integer, and its specific value can be set according to the actual number of user equipments, which is not limited in this application.
  • Table 10 can be regarded as a combination of Table 5 and Table 7, and the calculation methods of the interference coefficients of different devices on each channel in Table 10 can refer to Formula 1, which will not be repeated here.
  • the total interference value y_n can be calculated by formula 2, and the total interference value of different channels shown in Table 8 is obtained.
  • the AP may determine the second channel in the manner of Table 3 in S805. For details, refer to the corresponding description in Table 3 in S805, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AP sends the first channel message to user equipment 1, user equipment 2...user equipment n.
  • the AP may send the first channel message to one or more of user equipment 1, user equipment 2 . . . user equipment n.
  • the AP may send the first channel message to each of user equipment 1, user equipment 2 . . . user equipment n.
  • the user equipment 1 switches the working channel to the second channel.
  • the user equipment 2 can execute S1307' and the user equipment n can execute S1307", and the implementation process of S1307' and S1307" is the same as that of S1307, and details are not repeated here.
  • the AP switches the working channel to the second channel.
  • the AP in S1306 needs to send the first channel message to one or more user equipments, and the specific process is similar to that in S806, and details are not repeated here. Meanwhile, the specific implementation of S1307, S1307' and S1307” can refer to S807 and the specific implementation of S1308 can refer to S808, which will not be repeated here.
  • the implementation of S1306 to S1308 may be as shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the AP can send the first channel message to the user equipment 1 and the user equipment 2.
  • the first channel message includes the channel number of the second channel, such as CH6; or the first channel message includes the center frequency of the second channel, such as 2.437GHz.
  • the user equipment 1 can switch the current working channel to the second channel according to the channel number of the second channel or the center frequency of the second channel contained in the first channel message, for example, switching the working channel to channel 6.
  • the user equipment 2 when the user equipment 2 receives the first channel message, it can switch the current working channel to the second channel according to the channel number of the second channel or the center frequency of the second channel included in the first channel message, for example, changing the working channel Switch to channel 6.
  • the AP also needs to switch the current working channel to the second channel.
  • user equipment 1 or user equipment 2 after user equipment 1 or user equipment 2 receives the first channel message sent by the AP, it can send a response message to the AP.
  • the response message is used to indicate that the user equipment 1 or the user equipment 2 has received the first channel message.
  • the AP may switch the current working channel to the second channel.
  • the AP may switch the working channel only after receiving the response messages sent by all the user equipments.
  • the AP can switch the working channel immediately after receiving the response messages sent by all the user equipments, and of course it can also switch the working channel after a period of time after receiving the response messages sent by all the user equipments.
  • the period of time may be arbitrarily set according to the actual situation, which is not limited in this application.
  • the user equipment may determine the second time threshold, or adjust the first time threshold is the second time threshold, for example, multiplying the first time threshold by 2.
  • the first time threshold can also be adjusted arbitrarily according to the actual situation. For details, please refer to the corresponding description in S907, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AP notifies all connected user equipments to perform channel scanning, and determines the optimal working channel according to the first scanning information scanned by each user equipment. Then notify each user equipment to switch the current working channel to the optimal working channel. Since the interference situation of each user equipment is referred to when determining the optimal working channel, the overall effect of the channel switched can be optimal in the network environment where the AP is located.
  • a certain user equipment in the steps of S1301, S1301' and S1301", if a certain user equipment detects that the interference in the surrounding wireless network environment is relatively strong, it can scan each channel at the same time, and obtain the first scanning information .And send the first scan information and the first message to the AP at the same time.
  • the AP After receiving the first message sent by a certain user equipment, the AP will send the second message to one or more user equipment connected to the AP, So that other user equipment scans each channel.
  • sending the second message to one or more user equipment connected to the AP includes the first user equipment that sends the first message.
  • the first user equipment has sent the first scan information to the AP, and therefore, when the user equipment receives the second message, it can no longer scan each channel. Thereby, the subsequent AP is saved and the first user equipment is requested to perform channel scanning, and The time taken by the first user equipment to send the scanned first scan information to the AP, and to speed up the process of channel switching by the AP.
  • the first information is sent to the AP.
  • the AP After receiving the first information, the AP will send response information to the user equipment.
  • the user equipment scans the channel after receiving the response information, and sends the scan information to the AP.
  • the AP determines the best working channel and performs channel switching according to the scanning information of the user equipment and its own channel scanning information.
  • the above method makes comprehensive decisions based on different positions of the user equipment, and implements channel switching of the AP.
  • the selection of the best channel is based on all user equipment connected to the AP and the interference situation around the AP, not just the wireless interference environment around the AP, so that it can truly switch to the global optimal channel. .
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an AP 1700 is provided, which may include a processor 1701, a memory 1702, a transmitter 1703, a receiver 1704, and a bus 1705.
  • the processor 1701, the memory 1702, the transmitter 1703, and the receiver 1704 in the AP 1700 can establish a communication connection through the bus 1705.
  • the transmitter 1703 is used for transmitting information; the receiver 1704 is used for receiving external information.
  • the processor 1701 may be a CPU.
  • the memory 1702 may include volatile memory (volatile memory), such as random-access memory (RAM); the memory 1702 may also include non-volatile memory (English: non-volatile memory), such as read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD) or solid state drive (solid state drive, SSD); the memory 1702 may also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memory.
  • volatile memory such as random-access memory (RAM)
  • non-volatile memory English: non-volatile memory
  • read-only memory read-only memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • flash memory flash memory
  • HDD hard disk drive
  • SSD solid state drive
  • the processor 1701 is used for coupling with the memory 1702, and reading and executing the instructions in the memory 1702; when the processor 1701 is running, the instructions are executed, so that the processor 1701 is also used for executing S905 and S908 in the above-mentioned FIG. 9, or FIG. S1305 and S1308 in 13.
  • the transmitter 1703 is configured to perform S902 and S906 in the above-mentioned FIG. 9 , or S1302 and S1306 in FIG. 13 .
  • the receiver 1704 is configured to receive the messages sent in S901 and S904 in Fig. 9, or the messages sent in S1301, S1301', S1301" and S1304, S1304', S1304" in Fig. 13 .
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a user equipment 1800 is provided, and the user equipment 1800 may include a processor 1801 , a memory 1802 , a transmitter 1803 , a receiver 1804 and a bus 1805 .
  • the processor 1801, the memory 1802, the transmitter 1803, and the receiver 1804 in the user equipment 1800 can establish a communication connection through the bus 1805.
  • the transmitter 1803 is used to transmit information; the receiver 1804 is used to receive external information.
  • the processor 1801 may be a CPU.
  • the memory 1802 may include volatile memory (volatile memory), such as random-access memory (RAM); the memory 1802 may also include non-volatile memory (English: non-volatile memory), such as read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD) or solid state drive (solid state drive, SSD); the memory 1802 may also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memory.
  • volatile memory such as random-access memory (RAM)
  • non-volatile memory English: non-volatile memory
  • read-only memory read-only memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • flash memory flash memory
  • HDD hard disk drive
  • SSD solid state drive
  • the processor 1801 is used for coupling with the memory 1802, and reading and executing the instructions in the memory 1802; when the processor 1801 is running, the instructions are executed, so that the processor 1801 is also used for executing S903 and S907 in the above-mentioned FIG. 9, or FIG. S1303 and S1307, S1307', S1307" in 13.
  • the transmitter 1803 is configured to perform S901 and S904 in the above-mentioned FIG. 9 , or S1301, S1301', S1301" and S1304, S1304', S1304" in FIG. 13 .
  • the receiver 1804 is configured to receive the messages sent in S902 and S906 in FIG. 9 , or the messages sent in S1302 and S1306 in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another AP according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an AP 1900 is provided, and the AP 1700 may include a sending module 1901, a receiving module 1902, and a processing module 1903.
  • the sending module 1901 is configured to execute S902 and S906 in the above-mentioned FIG. 9 , or S1302 and S1306 in FIG. 13 .
  • the receiving module 1902 is configured to receive the messages sent in S901 and S904 in the above-mentioned Fig. 9, or the messages sent in S1301, S1301', S1301" and S1304, S1304', S1304" in Fig. 13 .
  • the processing module 1903 is configured to execute S905 and S908 in FIG. 9 or S1305 and S1308 in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another user equipment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • a user equipment 2000 is provided, and the user equipment 2000 may include a sending module 2001 , a receiving module 2002 and a processing module 2003 .
  • the sending module 2001 is configured to execute S901 and S904 in the above-mentioned FIG. 9, or S1301, S1301', S1301" and S1304, S1304', S1304" in FIG. 13 .
  • the receiving module 2002 is configured to receive the messages sent in S902 and S906 in FIG. 9 , or the messages sent in S1302 and S1306 in FIG. 13 .
  • the processing module 2003 is configured to execute S903 and S907 in the above-mentioned FIG. 9, or S1303 and S1307, S1307', and S1307" in FIG. 13 .
  • the user equipment when the user equipment finds that the current working channel has unacceptable interference, it actively proposes channel switching to the AP, which solves the problem that the AP cannot automatically and timely switch the channel to the best working channel.
  • non-transitory English: non-transitory
  • the storage medium is non-transitory ( English: non-transitory) media, such as random access memory, read only memory, flash memory, hard disk, solid state disk, magnetic tape (English: magnetic tape), floppy disk (English: floppy disk), optical disc (English: optical disc) and any combination thereof.

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Abstract

本申请实施例涉及一种信道切换方法，接收第一用户设备发送的第一消息，第一消息用于请求切换接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道，其中，第一消息为第一用户设备在检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时发送的；根据第一消息，确定第一信道信息；发送第一信道信息至第一用户设备，以便第一用户设备根据第一信道信息，将接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道由第一信道切换至第二信道。本申请通过在用户设备检测到周围环境中无线干扰较大时，主动发送第一消息至接入设备，以便接入设备可以根据第一消息主动触发信道切换，避免了接入设备无法主动切换信道而导致的网络卡顿，提升了用户体验。

Description

一种信道切换方法、接入设备及用户设备
本申请要求在2020年8月10日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202010797860.8、发明名称为“一种信道切换方法、接入设备及用户设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种无线接入点(access point，AP)信道切换方法、接入设备及用户设备。
背景技术
AP是使用无线设备的用户进入有线网络的接入点，俗称“热点”。AP主要用于宽带家庭、大楼内部、校园内部、园区内部等可能需要采用无线方式连接有线网络的地方。其主要技术是采用IEEE802.11系列。AP接入有线网络后，将有线网络的信号转换为无线网络，以便用户设备(user equipment，UE)可以通过接收AP发射的信号从而接入无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)局域网。AP例如可以是手机、笔记本电脑、无线交换机、无线路由器、无线客户前置设备(customer premise equipment，CPE)等任意可以提供无线接入的设备。用户设备例如可以是手机、笔记本、电脑等。
目前，AP在启动后会根据当前的环境自动选择到最佳工作信道，直至AP重新启动之前，AP选择的最佳工作信道都不会再次发生改变。可实际上在AP工作的过程中，其周围无线环境可能随时发生变化，例如新增某些干扰源在AP周围，这对于AP发射的无线信号将会引起较强的无线干扰，严重影响到通过无线信号连接该AP的用户设备，使得用户上网体验下降。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种信道切换方法，通过用户设备检测环境中干扰的相关参数，并且自动触发接入设备进行信道切换，以降低环境干扰对用户设备接入网络时产生的不利影响。
第一方面，提供了一种接入设备，接入设备与至少一个用户设备之间通过第一信道进行网络连接，至少一个用户设备包括第一用户设备，接入设备包括：接收器，用于接收第一用户设备发送的第一消息，第一消息用于请求切换接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道，其中，第一消息为第一用户设备在检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时发送的；处理器用于与存储器耦合，以及读取并执行存储在存储器中的指令；当处理器运行时执行指令，使得处理器还用于：根据第一消息，确定第一信道信息；发送器，用于发送第一信道信息至第一用户设备，以便第一用户设备根据第一信道信息，将接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道由第一信道切换至第二信道。本申请 通过在用户设备检测到周围环境中无线干扰较大时，主动发送第一消息至接入设备，以便接入设备可以根据第一消息主动触发信道切换，避免了接入设备无法主动切换信道而导致的网络卡顿，提升了用户体验。
在一个可能的实施方式中，发送器还用于：发送第一信道信息到多个用户设备，以便每个接收到第一信道信息的用户设备根据第一信道信息将工作信道切换至第二信道，多个用户设备包括第一用户设备。本申请还可以告知与接入设备相连接的其它多个用户设备一同进行信道切换，从而保障了当接入设备所处的无线网络环境中的更多用户设备一同进行信道切换，避免因信道切换而导致与接入设备连接断开。
在一个可能的实施方式中，发送器还用于，发送第二消息至至少一个用户设备；其中，至少一个用户设备中包括第一用户设备，第二消息用于触发至少一个用户设备对无线信道进行信道扫描；；接收器还用于，接收至少一个用户设备发送的第一扫描信息；第一扫描信息包括：至少一个用户设备中每个用户设备扫描的至少一个信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度；处理器还用于，根据第一扫描信息中包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，确定第一信道信息。本申请中接入设备还可以结合用户设备发送的扫描信息，综合决策并确定最佳的工作信道。该最佳信道的选择基于一个或多个用户设备周边的干扰情况而定的，参考了不同位置用户设备周边的干扰情况，从而切换至最优信道。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：启动接入设备对无线信道中的至少一个信道进行信道扫描，得到第二扫描信息，第二扫描信息包括接入设备扫描的至少一个信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度；根据第二扫描信息包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，确定第一信道信息；或根据第一扫描信息中包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，以及第二扫描信息包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，确定第一信道信息。
本申请中接入设备还可以结合用户设备发送的扫描信息以及接入设备扫描到的扫描信息，综合决策并确定最佳的工作信道。该最佳信道的选择基于一个或多个用户设备及接入设备周边的干扰情况而定的，参考了不同位置用户设备和接入设备周边的干扰情况，而非仅仅是接入设备所在位置周边的无线干扰环境，从而切换至全局最优信道。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：针对无线信道中的每个信道，根据第一扫描信息和/或第二扫描信息中该信道的干扰个数和干扰信号强度，确定该信道的总干扰系数；将总干扰系数最小的信道作为第二信道，并确定第一信道信息。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：根据第一信道信息将接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道由第一信道切换至第二信道。
在一个可能的实施方式中，第一信道信息包括：第二信道的信道号和/或第二信道的中心频点信息。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：当信道上存在多个干扰源时，检测每个干扰源的干扰信号强度；根据多个干扰信号强度，确定该信道的干扰信号强度。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：选择多个干扰信号强度中的最大值、平均数或中位数作为该信道的干扰信号强度。
第二方面，提供了一种用户设备，用户设备与接入设备之间通过第一信道进行网络连接，用户设备包括：处理器用于与存储器耦合，以及读取并执行存储在存储器中的指令；当处理器运行时执行指令，使得处理器还用于：检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时，控制发送器发送第一消息至接入设备，第一消息用于请求切换接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道；接收器，用于接收接入设备发送的第一信道信息；处理器还用于，根据第一信道信息，将接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信由第一信道切换至第二信道。本申请通过在用户设备检测到周围环境中无线干扰较大时，主动发送第一消息至接入设备，以便接入设备可以根据第一消息主动触发信道切换，避免了接入设备无法主动切换信道而导致的网络卡顿，提升了用户体验。
在一个可能的实施方式中，环境干扰参数包括上网速度和/或干扰信号强度；环境干扰参数满足预设条件包括：上网速度小于或等于上网速度阈值，和/或干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值。
在一个可能的实施方式中，环境干扰参数还包括干扰持续时长；环境干扰参数满足预设条件还包括：上网速度小于或等于上网速度阈值且干扰持续时长大于或等于第一时间阈值，和/或干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值且干扰持续时长大于或等于第一时间阈值。本申请还结合干扰持续时长，从而避免了出现临时干扰而产生频繁的信道切换。
在一个可能的实施方式中，接收器还用于，接收接入设备发送的第二消息；处理器还用于，响应于第二消息，启动用户设备对无线信道中的至少一个信道进行信道扫描，得到第一扫描信息，第一扫描信息包括用户设备扫描的至少一个信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度；发送器还用于，将第一扫描信息发送至接入设备。本申请中用户设备还可以对周围无线环境进行扫描，并发送扫描信息到接入设备，以便接入设备结合用户设备发送的扫描信息，综合决策并确定最佳的工作信道。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：当信道上存在多个干扰源时，检测每个干扰源的干扰信号强度；根据多个干扰信号强度，确定该信道的干扰信号强度。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：选择多个干扰信号强度中的最大值、平均数或中位数作为该信道的干扰信号强度。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：若第二信道与第一信道相同，则确定第二时间阈值。本申请通过设置第二时间阈值，保障了若当前信道已经是最佳工作信道时出现频繁的信道切换。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：若存在第一时间阈值，则采用第二时间阈值替换第一时间阈值；若不存在第一时间阈值，则环境干扰参数满足预设条件还包括：上网速度小于或等于上网速度阈值且干扰持续时长大于或等于第二时间阈值，和/或干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值且干扰持续时长大于或等于第二时间阈值。
在一个可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：将第一时间阈值乘以时间阈值系数，得到第二时间阈值；或第一时间阈值与时间常数进行累加求和，得到第二时间阈值。
第三方面，提供了一种信道切换方法，方法应用于接入设备，接入设备与至少一个用户设备之间通过第一信道进行网络连接，至少一个用户设备包括第一用户设备， 方法包括：接收第一用户设备发送的第一消息，第一消息用于请求切换接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道，其中，第一消息为第一用户设备在检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时发送的；根据第一消息，确定第一信道信息；发送第一信道信息至第一用户设备，以便第一用户设备根据第一信道信息，将接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道由第一信道切换至第二信道。本申请通过在用户设备检测到周围环境中无线干扰较大时，主动发送第一消息至接入设备，以便接入设备可以根据第一消息主动触发信道切换，避免了接入设备无法主动切换信道而导致的网络卡顿，提升了用户体验。
在一个可能的实施方式中，发送第一信道信息至第一用户设备，包括：发送第一信道信息到多个用户设备，以便每个接收到第一信道信息的用户设备根据第一信道信息将工作信道切换至第二信道，多个用户设备包括第一用户设备。本申请还可以告知与接入设备相连接的其它多个用户设备一同进行信道切换，从而保障了当接入设备所处的无线网络环境中的更多用户设备一同进行信道切换，避免因信道切换而导致与接入设备连接断开。
在一个可能的实施方式中，在根据第一消息，确定第一信道信息之前，方法还包括：发送第二消息至至少一个用户设备；其中，至少一个用户设备中包括第一用户设备，第二消息用于触发至少一个用户设备对无线信道进行信道扫描；接收至少一个用户设备发送的第一扫描信息；第一扫描信息包括：至少一个用户设备中每个用户设备扫描的至少一个信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度；确定第一信道信息，包括：根据第一扫描信息中包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，确定第一信道信息。
本申请中接入设备还可以结合用户设备发送的扫描信息，综合决策并确定最佳的工作信道。该最佳信道的选择基于一个或多个用户设备周边的干扰情况而定的，参考了不同位置用户设备周边的干扰情况，从而切换至最优信道。
在一个可能的实施方式中，确定第一信道信息包括：启动接入设备对无线信道中的至少一个信道进行信道扫描，得到第二扫描信息，第二扫描信息包括接入设备扫描的至少一个信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度；确定第一信道信息，包括：根据第二扫描信息包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，确定第一信道信息；或根据第一扫描信息中包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，以及第二扫描信息包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，确定第一信道信息。本申请中接入设备还可以结合用户设备发送的扫描信息以及接入设备扫描到的扫描信息，综合决策并确定最佳的工作信道。该最佳信道的选择基于一个或多个用户设备及接入设备周边的干扰情况而定的，参考了不同位置用户设备和接入设备周边的干扰情况，而非仅仅是接入设备所在位置周边的无线干扰环境，从而切换至全局最优信道。
在一个可能的实施方式中，确定第一信道信息包括：针对无线信道中的每个信道，根据第一扫描信息和/或第二扫描信息中该信道的干扰个数和干扰信号强度，确定该信道的总干扰系数；将总干扰系数最小的信道作为第二信道，并确定第一信道信息。
在一个可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：根据第一信道信息将接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道由第一信道切换至第二信道。
在一个可能的实施方式中，第一信道信息包括：第二信道的信道号和/或第二信道 的中心频点信息。
在一个可能的实施方式中，当信道上存在多个干扰源时，检测每个干扰源的干扰信号强度；根据多个干扰信号强度，确定该信道的干扰信号强度。
在一个可能的实施方式中，根据多个干扰信号强度，确定该信道的干扰信号强度包括：选择多个干扰信号强度中的最大值、平均数或中位数作为该信道的干扰信号强度。
第四方面，提供了一种信道切换方法，方法应用于用户设备，用户设备与接入设备之间通过第一信道进行网络连接，方法包括：检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时，发送第一消息至接入设备，第一消息用于请求切换接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道；接收接入设备发送的第一信道信息；根据第一信道信息，将接入设备与第一用户设备之间的通信信道由第一信道切换至第二信道。本申请通过在用户设备检测到周围环境中无线干扰较大时，主动发送第一消息至接入设备，以便接入设备可以根据第一消息主动触发信道切换，避免了接入设备无法主动切换信道而导致的网络卡顿，提升了用户体验。
在一个可能的实施方式中，环境干扰参数包括上网速度和/或干扰信号强度；环境干扰参数满足预设条件包括：上网速度小于或等于上网速度阈值，和/或干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值。
在一个可能的实施方式中，环境干扰参数还包括干扰持续时长；环境干扰参数满足预设条件还包括：上网速度小于或等于上网速度阈值且干扰持续时长大于或等于第一时间阈值，和/或干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值且干扰持续时长大于或等于第一时间阈值。本申请还结合干扰持续时长，从而避免了出现临时干扰而产生频繁的信道切换。
在一个可能的实施方式中，在接收接入设备发送的第一信道信息之前，方法还包括：接收接入设备发送的第二消息；响应于第二消息，启动用户设备对无线信道中的至少一个信道进行信道扫描，得到第一扫描信息，第一扫描信息包括用户设备扫描的至少一个信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度；将第一扫描信息发送至接入设备。本申请中用户设备还可以对周围无线环境进行扫描，并发送扫描信息到接入设备，以便接入设备结合用户设备发送的扫描信息，综合决策并确定最佳的工作信道。
在一个可能的实施方式中，当信道上存在多个干扰源时，检测每个干扰源的干扰信号强度；根据多个干扰信号强度，确定该信道的干扰信号强度。
在一个可能的实施方式中，根据多个干扰信号强度，确定该信道的干扰信号强度包括：选择多个干扰信号强度中的最大值、平均数或中位数作为该信道的干扰信号强度。
在一个可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：若第二信道与第一信道相同，则确定第二时间阈值。本申请通过设置第二时间阈值，保障了若当前信道已经是最佳工作信道时出现频繁的信道切换。
在一个可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：若存在第一时间阈值，则采用第二时间阈值替换第一时间阈值；若不存在第一时间阈值，则环境干扰参数满足预设条件还包括：上网速度小于或等于上网速度阈值且干扰持续时长大于或等于第二时间阈值，和/ 或干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值且干扰持续时长大于或等于第二时间阈值。
在一个可能的实施方式中，确定第二时间阈值包括：将第一时间阈值乘以时间阈值系数，得到第二时间阈值；或第一时间阈值与时间常数进行累加求和，得到第二时间阈值。
本申请公开了一种信道切换方法、接入设备及用户设备，当用户设备检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时，发送第一信息给接入设备。接入网设备可以基于此确定出第一信道信息提供给用户设备，以供用户设备进行信道切换。以在网络严重变差之前就进行信道切换，从而提高网络访问效率。
可选的，接入设备可以结合用户设备的第一扫描信息和/或自身扫描得到的第二扫描信息，确定最佳工作信道并进行信道切换。上述方式基于用户设备的不同位置进行综合决策，并在网络环境中出现干扰时，主动触发接入设备进行信道切换。其最佳信道的选择基于与接入设备连接的用户设备及接入设备周边的干扰情况而定的，而非仅仅是接入设备所在位置周边的无线干扰环境，从而可以真正做到切换至全局最优信道。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种家庭环境Wi-Fi场景示意图；
图2为本申请提供的一种信号干扰手机界面示意图；
图3为一种同频干扰示意图；
图4为一种邻频干扰示意图；
图5为一种干扰示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种网络环境示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种干扰网络环境示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种信道切换方法流程图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种信道切换AP与用户设备交互示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种单用户设备网络环境示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的另一种单用户设备网络环境示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的又一种单用户设备网络环境示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种信道切换AP与多用户设备交互示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种多用户设备网络环境示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的另一种单用户设备网络环境示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的又一种多用户设备网络环境示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种AP结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种用户设备结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的另一种AP结构示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的另一种用户设备结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
本申请的应用场景可以是某个固定区域内的无线网络环境中，例如家庭场景、办 公室场景或某个商场内部场景等等固定区域内的无线网络环境，当然也可以应用于室外区域，本发明实施例不做限制。可以理解的是，在该区域内可以包括接入设备，以及一个或多个用户设备，该接入设备例如为无线接入设备。其中，一个或多个用户设备通过一个主接入设备接入网络中，例如接入有线网络、蜂窝网络或是其它无线局域网等。在该场景下，还可以包括其它设备，例如移动终端、家用电器、以及其它一些接入设备等等。移动设备例如可以是智能手表、手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑(Pad)、带无线收发功能的电脑、虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)终端设备、增强现实(Augmented Reality，AR)终端设备、远程医疗(remote medical)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端等等。对于上述网络环境中的无线接入设备，例如可以是AP、子母路由器等等。在一个例子中，AP可以是手机、笔记本电脑、无线客户前置设备、无线热点、无线路由器、无线交换机等等。
在一个实施例中，当接入设备为AP时，该场景中用户设备可以通过无线方式与AP相连接，并通过AP接入有线网络或无线局域网中。可以理解的是，当通过AP接入有线网络时，AP主要用于有线网络与无线网络之间的桥接，例如日常生活中的无线路由器、无线网桥或笔记本电脑等。当通过AP接入无线局域网时，AP主要用于发射无线信号，从而通过无线方式组建局域网。例如日常生活中的无线交换机等。当然在一些例子中，AP还可以替换为其它任意可能的无线接入设备。
在又一个实施例中，接入设备还可以是能将蜂窝数据转换为无线网络的接入设备，例如无线热点、无线客户前置设备(customer premise equipment，CPE)等等。较为具体的，可以是手机、平板电脑等任意可以接入蜂窝网络的终端设备。例如，接入设备可以为手机，手机将蜂窝网络转换为无线网络，并作为热点供其它用户设备接入。在此场景下，手机作为热点供一个或多个用户设备相连接，并通过手机接入蜂窝网络中。可以理解的是，此时还可以采用可接入蜂窝网络的平板电脑替代手机，或是可接入蜂窝网络的可穿戴设备等等，本申请在此不作限定。
在上述的网络环境中，还可包括干扰源。例如，若其它设备所使用的无线信道与一个或多个用户设备接入无线接入设备的无线信道存在重叠时，则会对无线接入设备的无线信道产生干扰。对于此类设备，可以统称为干扰源。其中，干扰源也可以是无线接入设备，例如AP、子母路由器等等。当然在又一些例子中，干扰源也可以是一些可以产生蓝牙信号、产生微波信号或是产生短距离无线信号的设备，例如蓝牙设备、微波炉、电磁炉、无绳电话等等。
在后续实施例中将以接入设备为AP为例进行介绍，对于接入设备为热点或者其他接入设备的情况下，可以参考AP，在此不再赘述。
可以参考图1示出的场景，例如在该家庭场景下的网络环境中，可以包括如无线接入设备、干扰源以及多个用户设备。其中，网络环境例如可以是Wi-Fi环境，多个用户设备可以通过Wi-Fi与无线接入设备相连接，当然，也可以为其他网络环境，本发明实施例不作限制。多个用户设备例如可以包括用户设备1、用户设备2和用户设备3。其中，无线接入设备可以是接入设备1，例如AP。AP通过无线方式与多个用户设备相连接，并将多个用户设备连接至有线网络。从而使得多个用户设备可以通过有线网络与其它设备进行数据交互。
其中，网络环境中还可以包括干扰源，例如接入设备2。其中，干扰源可以是任意可以产生无线信号的设备，例如任意形态的无线接入设备，还可以为其它用户设备，例如：移动终端、家用电器、以及其它一些AP等等。当接入设备2与AP工作的信道在频段上具有重叠部分，则接入设备2会对AP发射的无线信号造成干扰。因此，接入设备2则视为网络环境中的干扰源。假设干扰源发射的无线信号的可以覆盖到用户设备2。对于用户设备2而言，其需要通过AP连接至有线网络，那么干扰源发射的无线信号则对于用户设备2而言成为干扰信号。该干扰信号将对用户设备2会产生严重的干扰，甚至影响用户设备2的上网速度或者导致网络卡顿。例如图2示出的游戏界面示意图。可以看出，由于周围干扰源的出现，导致用户设备连接的Wi-Fi受到严重影响，具体可以体现在图2右上方的Wi-Fi标识出现了叹号。显然，若用户正在玩网络游戏、正在观看在线视频或是正在在线听音乐等情况下，这将会造成严重的卡顿。例如网络游戏突然掉线、视频无法加载或者音乐无法继续播放等，并严重影响用户上网体验。
当然，对于干扰源发射的干扰信号与AP发射的无线信号可以是同信道或是相邻信道。若干扰源发射的干扰信号与AP发射的无线信号为相同信道，则此时干扰信号为同频干扰。当出现同信道干扰时，由于干扰源与AP共同使用同一信道发射信号，因此若在该信道上进行数据传输时，共用该信道的各个设备之间需要轮流传输数据。可以参考图3示出的，中间为AP，周围为与AP公用信道的多个设备。显然在该场景下，每个设备在传输数据时的均需要花费大量的时间用于等待分配共用的信道给自身设备使用。因此，设备越多便意味着等待时间会更长。在一些方案中，对于不同设备使用相同信道时，不同设备之间可以相互协商工作的时间片，通过时段来区分不同设备的无线信号，例如采用带有冲突避免的载波侦听多路访问(carrier sense multiple access with collision avoid，CSMA/CA)来协调不同设备之间的冲突避免。
若干扰源发射的干扰信号与AP发射的无线信号为相邻信道，则此时干扰信号为邻频干扰。根据信道的划分，每个信道的中心频率相差5MHz，但是每个信道的有效宽度为20MHz以及加上宽度为2MHz的强制隔离频带。因此，相邻的两个信道之间会存在将近17MHz的重叠。例如图4所示，假设相邻的信道A、信道B与信道C相互具有重叠的覆盖区域。并且信道A与信道B之间在频带上存在将近17MHz的重叠，信道B与信道C之间在频带上存在将近17MHz的重叠，而信道A与信道C之间在频带上存在将近12MHz的重叠。虽然对于邻频干扰可以通过选择适当的信道来消除重叠频段的影响，但是由于相邻信道的中心频率差与信道有效宽度的制约，每个信道都会有大量频段重叠的相邻信道。因此对于邻频干扰，不同设备之间在选择信道仍然是更为重要的。
当然，在一些情况下，某些电器也会对无线环境中的用户设备产生干扰，如图5示出的，可以看到例如无线电话、微波炉或是蓝牙设备等等一些家用电器或者终端设备也会产生相应的无线信号，并在重叠的覆盖区域内成为AP的干扰信号。
对于当前的一些方案，网络环境中若出现新的干扰源，通常是通过重新启动AP才能再次选择最佳的工作信道。或者也可以通过手动重新设置AP最佳的工作信道。但是此类方式均是干扰源已经严重影响到用户设备的上网，才通过重启或手动调节进 行切换。显然，AP并不能在出现干扰源后及时的进行信道切换，从而严重影响用户上网体验。
同时，AP在选择最佳工作信道时也仅仅只会考虑其自身所处位置的环境情况，并不会考虑与其连接的各个用户设备周围的无线环境。可见AP在选择最佳工作信道的时候相对于用户设备而言并不一定是最佳的。
本申请通过用户设备检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时发送第一消息给接入设备，以便接入设备根据第一消息触发信道切换。同时，可以用户设备还可以对周围无线环境进行扫描，并将第一扫描信息发送至接入设备，使得接入设备可以根据第一扫描信息和/或AP扫描的第二扫描信息确定切换的最佳工作信道。上述方式可以基于用户设备的不同位置进行综合决策并实现AP及时地自动切换信道，其最佳信道的选择基于用户设备和/或AP周边的干扰情况而定的，从而可以真正做到切换至全局最优信道。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行详细描述。
本申请将以无线接入设备为AP为例，对本方案的各个方面进行阐述，但可以理解的是，还可以用其它任意无线接入设备替换AP，本申请在此不作限定。
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种网络环境示意图。在该网络环境中可以包括至少一个用于发射无线信号的AP、至少一个干扰源以及至少一个用户设备。例如图6中用户设备可以包括用户设备1、用户设备2和用户设备3。在该网络环境中，，多个用户设备通过AP发射的无线信号与AP相连接，并通过AP连接至有线网络(或者无线网络)。同时，该网络环境中还包括至少一个干扰源，该干扰源发射的干扰信号所覆盖到的区域内，会对用户设备产生无线干扰。可以理解的是，在一些情况下可以存着任意数量的干扰源。
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种网络环境示意图。
通过图7可以看出，AP可以检测到干扰源1产生的干扰信号，用户设备1可以检测到干扰源2产生的干扰信号，用户设备2可以检测到干扰源1产生的干扰信号和干扰源2产生的干扰信号。显然，对于AP与用户设备2而言均可以检测到干扰源1产生的干扰信号，因此，干扰源1则作为AP与用户设备1相同的干扰源。对于用户设备1与用户设备2而言均可以检测到干扰源2产生的干扰信号，因此，干扰源2则作为用户设备1与用户设备2相同的干扰源。显而易见，AP、用户设备1和用户设备2之间具有不同的干扰源。
当然，对于AP与用户设备2存在相同的干扰源1，由于AP与用户设备2的位置不同，因此干扰源1对AP与用户设备2产生的干扰信号强度也是不同的。同理，对于用户设备1与用户设备2存在相同的干扰源2，由于用户设备1与用户设备2的位置不同，因此干扰源2对用户设备1与用户设备2产生的干扰信号强度也是不同的。
此时，若采用通过重启AP进而重新选择信道的方案。显然由于位置的不同，AP仅考虑自身位置的干扰情况所得到的信道，该信道的确定由于并未参考用户设备1或用户设备2周围的干扰情况，因此相对于用户设备1以及用户设备2而言重新选择的信道显然并非最佳，有可能重选的信道仍然被干扰源干扰。因此还需要同时考虑不同位置的用户设备的干扰情况，并进行综合决策。
如图8所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种信道切换方法流程图。
本申请提供了一种信道切换方法，该方法可以应用于网络环境中AP与用户设备之间存在相同或是不同干扰源的场景。当然可以理解的是，在该网络环境中可以存在一个AP、一个或多个用户设备以及至少一个干扰源。其中，AP与一个或多个用户设备之间通过第一信道进行网络连接，以及干扰源可以是任意形态的AP。同时，该方法可以解决在网络环境中不同设备具有不同干扰源的情况下，AP可以根据各位置上的用户设备的实际干扰情况选择最佳信道进行切换。应当注意的是，本申请所涉及的同频干扰中的同频，是与AP发射的无线信号相同信道的频段，即为同频。该方法可以包括以下步骤：
S801，任意一个与AP相连接的用户设备发送第一消息至AP。
在一个例子中，第一用户设备可以对周围环境进行检测，并在检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时，发送第一消息至AP。第一用户设备可以是任意一个与AP相连接的用户设备。其中，环境干扰参数可以包括上网速度和/或干扰信号强度。
与AP相连接的任意一个用户设备可以向AP发送第一消息。在一个例子中，用户设备可以在检测到周围可能存在干扰时，其中，该第一消息可以是信道切换请求(request，Req)消息。可以理解的是，第一消息用于表示用户设备请求进行信道切换。
对于检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件，在一个例子中，用户设备可以在检测到网络速度小于或等于预设的网络速度阈值时，认为环境干扰参数满足预设条件，并确定用户设备周围可能存在干扰，并执行S801。其中，网络速度可以包括上传速度和/或下载速度。在一个例子中，用户设备可以周期性的检测网络速度，例如用户设备周期性的检测网络速度是否小于或等于预设的网络速度阈值。其中，预设的网络速度阈值可以根据实际情况进行任意设定，例如网络速度阈值可以设置为下载速度500k/s和/或上传速度50k/s等等。以及，周期性检测的周期可以根据实际情况进行任意设定，例如周期为2ms、0.5ms等等。
在另一个例子中，用户设备还可以通过检测干扰信号强度是否大于或等于信号强度阈值。当用户设备检测干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值时，则可以认为环境干扰参数满足预设条件，并确定用户设备周围是否存在干扰。例如，当用户设备检测到干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值时，确定用户设备周围存在干扰，并执行S901。可以理解的是，干扰信号是由网络环境中的干扰源产生并发出的。其中，用户设备可以周期性的检测干扰信号的信号强度。其中，周期可以根据实际情况进行任意设定，例如周期为2ms、0.5ms等等。
当然在又一些例子中，考虑到网络速度下降有可能是网络自身不稳定或者带宽不足导致的，因此还可以，当用户设备检测到网络速度小于或等于预设的网络速度阈值时，还可以再启动检测干扰信号的信号强度是否大于或等于信号强度阈值。当用户设备检测到网络速度小于或等于预设的网络速度阈值，且干扰信号的信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值，则可以认为环境干扰参数满足预设条件，并确定用户设备周围是否存在干扰。可以理解的是，在该例子中，对于网络速度的检测以及干扰信号的检测也可以是周期性检测。当然，再一个例子中，还可以在检测到网络速度小于或等于网络速度阈值之后，启动计时器计时。当计时器记录的时间大于或等于预设的等待时间阈 值后，则认为当前网络速度下降并非一些偶然因素导致的，例如用户设备与AP之间出现了某个物体导致信号变差，并启动干扰信号强度的检测。
在又一个例子中，用户设备在检测到网络速度小于或等于预设的网络速度阈值，和/或干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值时，还可以同时采用计时器进行计时。当干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值的持续时长大于或等于第一时间阈值时，可以执行S801。可以理解的是，信号强度阈值和第一时间阈值可以根据实际情况进行任意设定，例如信号强度阈值可以设置为-100dBm或-150dBm等，第一时间阈值可以设置为50ms或100ms等等。
在又一个例子中，显然若网络速度若低于某个特定数值时，例如网络速度低于视频、游戏或音乐的加载速度，则会出现网络卡顿。其中，加载速度例如可以是视频的加载速度、音乐的加载速度或游戏的帧率等等。显然若网络速度无法跟上加载速度时，视频、音乐或游戏画面将会暂停，对于用户而言则是出现了网络卡顿。此时不排除网络环境中出现干扰源的情景，因此可以启动上述网络速度的检测，和/或干扰信号强度的检测。其具体实施的方式可以参考之前的描述，再次不再赘述。可以理解的是，为了避免在用户设备使用过程中出现网络卡顿，则可以将网络速度阈值设置为加载速度或高于加载速度。
本申请通过在用户设备检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时，向AP主动发出切换信道的请求，即第一消息。可以保证在用户设备周围出现干扰时，可以及时地进行信道切换，提高了用户上网体验。同时，本申请还结合了持续时长需大于或等于第一时间阈值的条件，可以进一步避免短时间内造成的多次信道切换，以及短时间内多次信道切换对用户产生的影响。
S805，AP确定第二信道。
在一个例子中，AP在接收到某个用户设备发送的第一消息之后，可以直接确定准备切换的第二信道。例如根据预设的规则，指定某个信道作为第二信道。可以按照预先设置好的信道切换顺序确定第二信道，例如预先设置的信道切换顺序为信道1、信道6、信道11、信道2、信道7等等。则可以选择当前第一信道在上述信道切换顺序中顺延的第一个信道作为第二信道。
在一个例子中，预设的规则可以是AP在接收到第一消息之后，启动自身设备对信道进行扫描，并得到第二扫描信息。例如，在AP接收到用户设备发送的信道切换请求消息之后，AP还可以检测自身周围的无线干扰环境，得到AP检测的第二扫描信息，并根据第二扫描信息确定AP在一个或多个信道上的干扰系数。AP还可以根据AP在一个或多个信道上的干扰系数，确定出第一工作信道。
在一个例子中，AP可以通过扫描各信道得到第二扫描信息。其中，第二扫描信息中可以包括该AP在一个或多个信道上扫描到的干扰源个数和/或对应信道的干扰信号强度。当然，在另一些例子中，第二扫描信息还可以包括蓝牙的信号强度、微波的信号强度和/或无绳电话发射无线信号的信号强度等等。可以理解的是，每个信道上的干扰源个数可以是一个或多个，不同的干扰源的干扰信号强度也是不同的。因此可以选择最大的干扰信号强度作为该信道的干扰信号强度。当然，在另一些例子中，也可以选取接收到的多个干扰源的干扰信号强度的平均数或中位数，作为该信道的干扰信号 强度。当然还可以对接收到的多个干扰源的干扰信号强度进行任意的代数运算，并将运算结果作为该信道的干扰信号强度，本申请在此不作限定。在一个例子中，第二扫描信息可以为表格的形式。例如表1所示。
Figure PCTCN2021107880-appb-000001
表1
可以看出当AP扫描信道1时仅扫描到了一个干扰源，则可以将该干扰源的干扰信号强度作为该信道的干扰信号强度，例如-30dBm。又例如，用户设备在信道6上扫描到2个干扰源，例如干扰源1的干扰信号强度为-60dBm，干扰源2的干扰信号强度为-80dBm。此时，则将干扰信号强度更大的-60dBm作为信道6的干扰信号强度。或是例如干扰源1的干扰信号强度为-40dBm，干扰源2的干扰信号强度为-80dBm。此时，则将干扰源1和干扰源2的干扰信号强度取平均值，即将-60dBm作为信道6的干扰信号强度。同理，信道11亦是如此。若某个信道的干扰源数量较多时，例如大于或等于3个，则还可以根据多个干扰源的干扰信号强度取中位数，并作为该信道的干扰信号强度。当然，具体的干扰源个数以及干扰信号强度的数值可以根据实际情况进行任意变化，上述表1中的数据仅仅作为示意，并不作为限定。可以理解的是，此时各信道上扫描到的干扰源可能与该信道同频，也可能与该信道互为邻频。
同时，可以理解的是，若并未对所有信道进行扫描，则上述表1中则仅包含扫描到的信道所对应的扫描信息。
此时，当AP扫描得到第二扫描信息后，可以根据第二扫描信息确定AP在不同信道上的干扰系数。在一个例子中，不同信道上AP的干扰系数，可以通过表2进行表示。
Figure PCTCN2021107880-appb-000002
表2
本申请中通过y m-n的方式表示各信道上的干扰系数，其中，当m＝0时表示AP，n表示信道号，n为正整数。在一个例子中，y 0-n即表示AP扫描的不同信道上的干扰系数。
在一个例子中，提供了一种y m-n的计算方式，例如公式1所示。
y m-n＝w 1x 1+w 2x 2          ……公式1
其中，x 1表示该信道上检测到的同频干扰源个数。可以理解的是，该同频干扰源个数表示与该信道同频的干扰源的数量。例如，第二扫描信息内与AP发射无线信号相同信道的干扰源个数。x 2表示该信道上检测到的邻频干扰信号强度。例如，第二扫描信息内与各邻频信道的干扰信号强度。w 1为x 1的加权值，w 2为x 2的加权值。可以理解的是，w 1和w 2可以根据实际情况进行任意设定，本申请在此不作限定。当然在一个例子中，可以将x 1和x 2进行归一化处理，然后再结合公式1进行计算。
当AP得到上述表3所示出的全部信息后，可以将干扰系数y 0-n最小的信道作为最佳的工作信道，即第二信道，并确定该信道的信道号n。在一个例子中，可以通过将y 0-n由小至大进行排序。例如表3示出的一种干扰排序列表。
Figure PCTCN2021107880-appb-000003
表3
可以看出信道6的总干扰数值y 6最小，因此可以将信道6作为最佳的工作信道，即第一工作信道，并记录该信道的信道号“6”。
在又一个例子中，预设的规则还可以是根据用户设备周围的干扰情况，确定第二信道。例如，在S801之后、S805之前，方法还可以包括以下步骤：
S802，AP发送第二消息至与该AP相连接的用户设备。其中，第二消息为AP允许用户设备进行信道切换的指示消息。
在S801之后，也就是AP在接收到某个用户设备发送的第一消息之后，可以发送第二消息到至少一个用户设备。其中，至少一个用户设备包括向AP发送第一消息的第一用户设备。可以理解的是，若具有多个与AP相连接的用户设备，则AP可以对至少两个用户设备发送第二消息。其中，至少两个用户设备包括向AP发送第一消息的第一用户设备。当然，在另一个例子中，AP可以向每个用户设备均发送第二消息。
在一个例子中，第二消息例如可以是信道切换响应消息，信道切换响应消息可以是确认(acknowledgement，Ack)消息。
S803，每个接收到第二消息的用户设备对信道进行扫描，并确定第一扫描信息。其中，第一扫描信息中可以包括该用户设备在一个或多个信道上扫描到的干扰源个数和/或对应信道的干扰信号强度。
当一个或多个用户设备接收到S902中AP发送的第二消息后，用户设备可以对网络环境中的一个或多个信道进行扫描。当然在一个例子中，当用户设备接收到AP发送的第二消息后，用户设备可以立即进行信道扫描。其中，用户设备对信道进行扫描得可以得到第一扫描信息，第一扫描信息可以包括信道的干扰源个数和/或信道的干扰信号强度。当然，在另一些例子中，第一扫描信息还可以包括蓝牙的信号强度、微波的信号强度和/或无绳电话发射无线信号的信号强度等等。在又一个例子中，对网络环 境中的各个信道均进行信道扫描。
在一个例子中，用户设备对网络环境中的一个或多个信道进行扫描，可以是接收到第二消息的用户设备对各信道进行扫描，并得到该用户设备对应的第一扫描信息。其中，第一扫描信息中可以包括该用户设备在每个信道上扫描到的干扰源个数和/或对应信道的干扰信号强度。可以理解的是，每个信道上的干扰源个数可以存在一个或多个，不同的干扰源的干扰信号强度也是不同的。因此对于某个信道的干扰信号强度，可以选择接收到最大的干扰信号强度作为该信道的干扰信号强度。当然，在另一些例子中，也可以选取接收到的各个干扰源的干扰信号强度的平均值，作为该信道的干扰信号强度。当然还可以对接收到的各个干扰源的干扰信号强度进行任意的代数运算，并将运算结果作为该信道的干扰信号强度，本申请在此不作限定。在一个例子中，第一扫描信息可以以表格的形式存在。例如表4所示。
Figure PCTCN2021107880-appb-000004
表4
可以理解的是，第一扫描信息包括的信息类型与第二扫描信息包括的信息类型类似，具体可以参考第一扫描信息的相应描述，在此不再赘述。应当注意的是，对于各信道而言，在检测干扰源时也会检测到与其连接的AP，因此在针对与AP连接的信道上计算干扰源个数时，需要将个数减1，以便排除真正的AP。同时，在其他邻频信道计算各信道的干扰信号强度时，也需要忽略与该用户设备连接的AP的信号强度。例如在计算某个邻频信道的干扰信号强度时，忽略AP的信号强度，仅结合在该信道上检测到的其它干扰源的干扰信号强度，并作为该信道的干扰信号强度。
同时，可以理解的是，若并未对所有信道进行扫描，则上述表4中则仅包含扫描到的信道所对应的扫描信息。
当接收到第二消息的用户设备对信道扫描完毕后，可以执行S804。
S804，用户设备发送第一扫描信息至AP。
接收到第二消息的一个或多个用户设备将扫描到的第一扫描信息发送至AP。
当AP接收到一个或多个用户设备发送的第一扫描信息后，S805中AP确定第二信道，可以是AP根据至少一个第一扫描信息，确定第二信道。其中，至少一个第一扫描信息包括第一用户设备发送的第一扫描信息。
此时，当AP可以根据第一扫描信息，确定用户设备在扫描到的信道上的干扰系数。在一个例子中，信道上用户设备的干扰系数，可以通过表5进行表示。
Figure PCTCN2021107880-appb-000005
表5
可以通过y m-n的方式表示用户设备扫描的信道上的干扰系数，其中，当m为正整数时，用于表示用户设备。在一个例子中，将m＝1表示为用户设备1，将m＝2表示为用户设备2。可以理解的是，用户设备还可以有多个。y m-n用于表示第m个用户设备扫描的信道n上的干扰系数。具体y m-n的计算方式可以参考公式1，在此不再赘述。
当AP得到上述表5所示出的全部信息后，可以结合各信道上用户设备的干扰系数，确定各信道上的总干扰数值。例如表6示出的。
信道 总干扰数值
信道1 y 1＝y 1-1+y 2-1+...+y m-1
信道6 y 6＝y 1-6+y 2-6+...+y m-2
信道11 y 11＝y 1-11+y 2-11+...+y m-11
其它信道 y others＝y 1-others+y 2-others+...+y m-others
表6
其中，信道总干扰数值y n的计算方式例如公式2所示。
y n＝y 0-n+y 1-n+...+y m-n         ……公式2
通过将该信道上一个或多个用户设备的干扰系数进行累加求和，最终确定该信道的总干扰数值y n。当然在一些例子中，也可以先对不同用户设备的干扰系数乘以预设的第一权重值，在进行累加求和。
当AP确定一个或多个信道的总干扰数值y n后，将总干扰数值y n最小的信道作为最佳的工作信道，即第二信道，并确定该信道的信道号n。在一个例子中，可以通过将y n由小至大进行排序。具体可以参照例如表3示出的一种干扰排序列表，在此不再赘述。
当然，在又一些例子中，AP还可以结合第一扫描信息和AP在各信道扫描后的第二扫描信息，确定第二信道。
例如，当AP可以根据第二扫描信息确定AP在各信道上的干扰系数，以及根据第一扫描信息，确定用户设备在各信道上的干扰系数。在一个例子中，AP可以根据第一扫描信息和第二扫描信息确定表7示出的AP和不同用户设备在不同信道上的干扰系数。
Figure PCTCN2021107880-appb-000006
表7
可以理解的是表7中还可以包括更多的用户设备的干扰系数。其中，表7示出的参数含义可以参考表2和表5相应描述，在此不再赘述。
当AP得到上述表5所示出的全部信息后，可以结合每个信道上用户设备的干扰系数以及AP的干扰系数，确定该信道上的总干扰数值。例如表8示出的。
信道 总干扰数值
   
信道1 y 1＝y 0-1+y 1-1+...+y m-1
信道6 y 6＝y 0-6+y 1-6+...+y m-6
信道11 y 11＝y 0-11+y 1-11+...+y m-11
其它信道 y others＝y 0-others+y 1-others+...+y m-others
表8
其中，信道总干扰数值y n的计算方式可以参考公式2，在此不再赘述。
当AP确定各信道的总干扰数值y n后，将总干扰数值y n最小的信道作为最佳的工作信道，即第一工作信道，并确定该信道的信道号n。在一个例子中，可以通过将y n由小至大进行排序。具体可以参照例如表3示出的一种干扰排序列表，在此不再赘述。
S806，接入设备发送第一信道消息至与该网络设备相连接的一个或多个用户设备。
AP在确定第二信道后，可以发送第一信道消息至与该AP连接的一个或多个用户设备。其中，发送第一信道消息至与该AP连接的一个或多个用户设备中包括第一用户设备。在一个例子中，第一信道消息可以为信道指示信息，该指示信息可以包括第二信道的信道号，用于告知用户设备将工作信道切换至第二信道。当然，在另一个例子中，指示信息还可以包括第二信道的中心频点信息。其中，网络设备可以将第一信道消息发送给与该接入设备相连的所有用户设备，或者，与该接入设备之间通过第一信道通信的所有用户设备。
在一个例子中，AP发送第一信道消息至与该AP连接的一个或多个用户设备，可以是发送至与该AP连接的每个用户设备。
S807，与接入相连接的一个或多个用户设备将与接入设备通信的工作信道由第一信道切换至第二信道。
与AP相连接的一个或多个用户设备在接收到S806中AP发送的第一信道消息后，根据第一信道消息中第二信道的信道号，将当前工作信道切换为第二信道。或是，根据第一信道消息中第二信道的中心频点信息，将当前工作信道切换为第二信道。用户设备的架构(framework)层通过发送切换指令，以便控制硬件层中的基带芯片启动射 频开关的切换功能，从而实现天线频率的切换。其中，切换指令中包括第二信道的信道号或是第二信道的中心频点信息。例如，用户设备根据第一信道消息确定准备切换的信道号或准备切换的中心频点信息，然后用户设备framework层中用于控制信道切换的模块生成切换指令，该切换指令包括准备切换的信道号或准备切换的中心频点信息，并将切换指令发送至物理层中的基带芯片，以便基带芯片根据切换指令控制天线进行信道切换，如切换天线发射无线信号的频段，从而实现信道切换。具体实现过程与现有方式相同，在此不再赘述。
在一个例子中，若当前工作信道(即第一信道)与第二信道相同时，确定第二时间阈值。若用户设备并未设置第一时间阈值，则在检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时，用户设备可以检测环境干扰参数满足预设条件的持续时长是否大于或等于第二时间阈值。其中，第二时间阈值大于第一时间阈值。例如，第二时间阈值可以是第一时间阈值的X倍。其中X可以是预先设定的时间阈值系数，X取值可以为大于1的正数。例如，X可以取值为1.5、2或是3等等。当然，在另一个例子中，第二时间阈值可以为第一时间阈值与时间常数相加得到。例如时间常数可以是任意正数，例如时间常数取值为2、5、6.5或10等等。当然时间常数的单位与第一时间阈值的单位需保持一致。例如毫秒(ms)、秒(s)、分钟(min)或小时(h)等等。若时间常数的单位与第一时间阈值的单位不同，则需要进行单位转换后再进行累加。
当然，在另一个例子中，若用户设备设置有第一时间阈值，则可以将第二时间阈值的数值代替第一时间阈值的数值。
本申请通过确定第二时间阈值，可以有效避免频繁切换信道，从而避免影响用户使用上体验下降的情况出现。
S808，AP将信道切换至第二信道。
在S805中AP确定第一工作信道后，还可以直接执行S808，AP根据确定的第二信道的信道号，将当前工作信道切换为第二信道。当然，在其它例子中，AP还可以根据确定的第二信道的中心频点信息，将当前工作信道切换为第二信道。其中，AP将工作信道进行切换的方式与S807中用户设备进行信道切换的方式相同，在此不再赘述。可以理解的是，S808可以在S805之后的任意时刻执行，也就是说，S808与S806、S807之间并不存在执行顺序的先后。
在又一些实施例中，在S801的步骤中，当某个与AP相连接的用户设备检测到周围无线网络环境中干扰较为强烈时，可以同时对各信道进行扫描，并得到第一扫描信息。并将第一扫描信息与第一消息同时发送至AP。从而节约了后续AP再向第一用户设备请求进行信道扫描，以及第一用户设备将扫描的第一扫描信息发送给AP所占用的时间，并加快AP进行信道切换的过程。
通过图8所示的实施例，本申请中AP通知与其连接的一个或多个用户设备进行信道扫描，并且根据每个用户设备扫描的第一扫描信息确定最优的工作信道。然后通知用户设备将当前工作信道切换为最优的工作信道。从而实现了AP快速切换信道，以及保障了切换的信道在网络环境内干扰最小。
请参考图9，本发明实施例提供一种信道切换方法，该方法涉及的网络环境包括一个AP和与该AP相连接的一个用户设备。
S901，用户设备发送第一消息至AP。其中，第一消息用于请求AP进行信道切换。
S902，AP发送第二消息至用户设备。其中，第二消息为AP允许用户设备进行信道切换的指示消息。
可以理解的是S901与S902的具体实施方式与上述S801、S802相同，在此不再赘述。
当在一个网络环境中，当AP仅与一个用户设备进行连接时，则S901和S902的实现可以例如图10所示。在该环境中用户设备与AP相连接。干扰源发射的干扰信号会对AP发射的无线信号便产生了同频干扰或邻频干扰。在一些情况下，由于AP与干扰源距离较远，干扰源检测不到AP的存在。因此干扰源在发射干扰信号时无法确定AP所使用的信道，从而导致更高的概率出现同频干扰或是邻频干扰。当用户设备检测到干扰源发送的干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值，和/或用户设备检测网络速度小于或等于预设的网络速度阈值后，用户设备可以主动向AP发送信道切换请求至AP，即发送第一消息。
当AP接收到用户设备发送的信道切换请求后，可以发送信道切换响应消息至该用户设备。即发送第二消息，用于表示AP允许用户设备进行信道切换。
S903，用户设备对各信道进行扫描，并确定第一扫描信息。
S904，用户设备发送第一扫描信息至AP。
S905，AP根据第一扫描信息和AP在各信道扫描后的第二扫描信息，确定第一工作信道。
可以理解的是S903、S904与S905的具体实施方式与上述S803、S804、S805相同，在此不再赘述。
当在一个网络环境中，当AP仅与一个用户设备进行连接时，则S903、S904与S905的实现可以例如图11所示。可以看出，在该环境中用户设备在接收到AP送第二消息后，可以对各信道进行扫描，并得到如表1所示出的第一扫描信息。具体可以参考S803中相应的描述，在此不再赘述。然后用户设备将扫描得到的第一扫描信息发送至AP。在一个例子中，第一扫描信息可以是列表(list)信息。AP接收到第一扫描信息后，可以启动自身设备进行扫描并得到第二扫描信息，例如表2所示，具体可以参考S805中相应的描述，在此不再赘述。AP通过结合第一扫描信息和第二扫描信息计算得到表3示出的各信道不同设备的干扰系数。然后通过表4和表5的方式计算各信道的总干扰系数以及确定第一工作信道。具体可以参考S805中相应的描述，在此不再赘述。
S906，AP发送第一信道消息至用户设备。其中，第一信道消息可以包括第二信道的信道号或第二信道的中心频点信息，以便用户设备根据第一信道消息切换至第二信道。
S907，用户设备将信道切换至第二信道。
S908，AP将信道切换至第二信道。
可以理解的是S906、S907与S908的具体实施方式与上述S806、S807、S808相同，在此不再赘述。
在一个网络环境中，当AP仅与一个用户设备进行连接时，则S906、S907和S908 的实现可以例如图12所示。可以看出，AP在确定第二信道后，将向用户设备发送第一信道消息。其中，第一信道消息中包含有第二信道的信道号，例如CH6；或是第一信道消息中包含有第二信道的中心频点，例如2.437GHz。当用户设备接收到第一信道消息后，可以根据第一信道消息中包含第二信道的信道号或第二信道的中心频点，将当前工作信道切换为第二信道。例如将工作信道切换至信道6。当然，AP也需要将当前工作信道切换为第二信道，在一个例子中，当用户设备接收到AP发送的第一信道消息后，可以向AP发送响应消息。该响应消息用于表示用户设备已经接收到第一信道消息。当AP接收到用户设备发送的响应消息后，可以执行将当前工作信道切换为第二信道。当然AP可以在接收到响应消息后立即进行工作信道的切换，当然也可以在接收到响应消息后的一段时间之后再进行工作信道的切换。其中，一段时间可以是根据实际情况任意设定的，本申请在此不作限定。在一个例子中，若第二信道与当前工作信道(即第一信道)为同一信道时，则为了避免频繁地发起切换信道请求，用户设备可以确定第二时间阈值，或是将第一时间阈值调整为第二时间阈值，例如将第一时间阈值乘2。当然，还可以根据实际情况对第一时间阈值进行任意调整，具体可参考S807中相应的描述，在此不再赘述。
在又一些实施例中，当在一个网络环境中，当AP仅与一个用户设备进行连接时，在S901的步骤中，当用户设备检测到周围无线网络环境中干扰较为强烈时，可以同时对各信道进行扫描，并得到第一扫描信息。并将第一扫描信息与第一消息同时发送至AP。AP在接收到某个用户设备发送的第一消息后，可以不再发送第二消息，并同时启动AP自身对各信道进行扫描得到第二扫描信息。即S901之后跳过S902、S903、S904，直接执行S905。然后结合第一扫描信息和第二扫描信息确定第二信道。
可以理解的是，在图9至图12所示的实施例中，AP通知与其连接的用户设备进行信道扫描，并且根据该用户设备扫描的第一扫描信息确定最优的工作信道。然后通知用户设备将当前工作信道切换为最优的工作信道。因此AP可以实现在快速切换信道，并保证网络环境内干扰最小。
如图13所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种信道切换AP与多用户设备交互示意图。
本申请提供了另一种信道切换交互方式，该方式与图9的区别在于可以应用于网络环境中AP与多个用户设备之间存在相同或是不同干扰源的场景。在该网络环境中可以存在一个AP、多个用户设备以及至少一个干扰源。其中，多个用户设备同时接入AP，从而连接有线网络或无线局域网。当然可以理解的是，其中，干扰源可以是任意形态的AP。该方法可以包括以下步骤：
S1301，用户设备1发送第一消息至AP。
用户设备1可以对周围环境进行检测，并在检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时，发送第一消息至AP。
可以理解的是，用户设备2可以执行S1301’以及用户设备n可以执行S1301”，S1301’和S1301”的实现过程与S1301相同，在此不再赘述。
同时，上述S1301、S1301’和S1301”中至少一个步骤被执行，即可告知AP进行信道切换，并可以继续执行后续步骤。其具体实现方式可以参考S801，在此不再赘述。
S1302，AP发送第二消息至用户设备1、用户设备2…用户设备n。
其中，S1302中的AP需要将第二消息发送给与AP相连接的一个或多个用户设备。该一个或多个用户设备可以为与接入设备通信的部分用户设备或全部用户设备，或者，可以为与接入设备之间通过第一信道通信的部分用户设备或全部用户设备。在一个例子中，可以发送给与AP相连接的每个用户设备，其具体实现方式可以参考S802，在此不再赘述。
在一个例子中，S1301、S1301’和S1301”和S1302的实现可以例如图14所示。可以看出，在该环境中AP与用户设备1和用户设备2相连接。干扰源发射的干扰信号可能与AP发射的无线信号处于同频信道或者邻频信道。在一些情况下，由于AP与干扰源距离较远，因此干扰源检测不到AP的存在。对于干扰源而言无法知晓AP发射的无线信号所处的信道，导致干扰源发射的干扰信号所处的信道将会有更大的可能性与AP发射的无线信号处于的信道相重叠，从而造成同频信道或者邻频信道。显然，若AP与干扰源距离较近时，干扰源可以检测到AP所使用的信道，则干扰源在发射干扰信号时可以选择与AP使用的信道无重叠频段的信道，从而避免信道之间的相互干扰。当然可以理解的是，对于AP与干扰源距离较近时，干扰源发射的干扰信号仍然可能与AP发射的无线信号处于同频信道或者邻频信道。当干扰源发射的干扰信号与AP发射的无线信号处于同频信道或者邻频信道时，则干扰源会对AP产生同频干扰或邻频干扰。
用户设备1可以发送信道切换请求至AP，即发送第一消息。当然，在一个例子中，用户设备可以在检测到网络速度小于或等于网络速度阈值，和/或干扰源发送的干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值后，发送信道切换请求至AP。当然在另一个例子中，也可以是用户设备2检测到网络速度小于或等于网络速度阈值，和/或另一个干扰源发送的干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值，并发送信道切换请求至AP。当AP接收到信道切换请求后，可以发送信道切换响应消息至用户设备1和用户设备2，表示AP允许用户设备1和用户设备2均进行信道切换，例如在接收到信道切换请求之后，立即发送信道切换响应到用户设备1和用户设备2。
S1303，每个接收到第一消息的用户设备均对信道进行扫描。
S1304，用户设备1发送第一扫描信息至AP。
可以理解的是，用户设备2可以执行S1304’以及用户设备n可以执行S1304”，S1304’和S1304”的实现过程与S1304相同，在此不再赘述。
S1305，根据多个第一扫描信息和AP扫描的第二扫描信息，确定第二信道。
可以理解的是，上述S1303的具体实现方式可以参考S803、S1304、S1304’和S1304”的具体实现方式可以参考S804以及S1305的具体实现方式可以参考S805，在此不再赘述。
在一个实施例中，若该网络环境中存在多个用户设备与AP相连接，则S1303至S1305的实现可以例如图15所示。可以看出，在该环境中存在多个用户设备，例如用户设备1和用户设备2。当用户设备1和用户设备2在接收到AP送信道切换响应消息(即第二消息)后，每个用户设备均可以对各信道进行扫描。其中，用户设备1可以得到如表1所示出的第一扫描信息，具体可以参考S803中相应的描述，在此不再赘述。 对于用户设备2而言，也可以得到如表1相似的第一扫描信息，即用户设备2得到的第一扫描信息可以如表9所示，
Figure PCTCN2021107880-appb-000007
表9
可以理解的是，表9与表4区别在于因用户设备不同导致的各信道扫描的干扰源个数以及信号强度的具体数值存在差异。其含义具体可以参考表4中相应的描述，在此不再赘述。
用户设备1在扫描得到用户设备1的第一扫描信息后将该第一扫描信息发送至AP。同理，用户设备2也在扫描得到用户设备2的第一扫描信息后将该第一扫描信息发送至AP。在一个例子中，用户设备1的第一扫描信息可以是list 1信息，用户设备2的第一扫描信息可以是list 2信息。对于AP而言，可以在如图14中接收到信道切换请求后，启动自身设备进行扫描并得到第二扫描信息。可以理解的是AP进行自身扫描信道可以在接收到信道切换请求后的任意时刻进行，本申请不做限定。在一个例子中，第二扫描信息可以例如表2所示，具体可以参考S805中相应的描述，在此不再赘述。AP通过结合用户设备1的第一扫描信息、用户设备2的第一扫描信息和第二扫描信息，可以计算得到表10示出的各信道不同设备的干扰系数。其中，表10如下所示。
Figure PCTCN2021107880-appb-000008
表10
当存在多个用户设备时，y m-n中的m可以定义为第m个用户设备，例如y 2-n表示用户设备2扫描的信道n的干扰系数，或是，y 5-n表示用户设备5扫描的信道n的干扰系数。当然，当m为0时仍然表示为AP，即y 0-n表示AP扫描的信道n的干扰系数。其中，m为任意整数，其具体取值可以根据实际用户设备的数量进行设定，本申请在此不作限定。
可以理解的是，表10可以看做是表5与表7的结合，表10中的各信道上不同设备的干扰系数计算方式可以参考公式1，在此不再赘述。
AP在得到表10所示的各信道上各个设备的干扰系数后，总干扰数值y_n可以通过公式2计算，并得到如表8示出的不同信道的总干扰数值。具体可以参考前述相应 描述，在此不再赘述。
AP在确定各信道的总干扰系数后，可以通过S805中的表3的方式确定第二信道，具体可以参考S805中表3的相应描述，在此不再赘述。
继续回到图13，在S1305之后，还可包括以下步骤：
S1306，AP发送第一信道消息至用户设备1、用户设备2…用户设备n。
在一个例子中，AP可以发送第一信道消息至用户设备1、用户设备2…用户设备n中的一个或多个。当然，在另一个例子中，可以AP可以发送第一信道消息至用户设备1、用户设备2…用户设备n中的每个。
S1307，用户设备1将工作信道切换至第二信道。
可以理解的是，用户设备2可以执行S1307’以及用户设备n可以执行S1307”，S1307’和S1307”的实现过程与S1307相同，在此不再赘述。
S1308，AP将工作信道切换至第二信道。
其中，S1306中的AP需要将第一信道消息发送给一个或多个用户设备，其具体过程与S806类似，在此不再赘述。同时，S1307、S1307’和S1307”的具体实现方式可以参考S807以及S1308的具体实现方式可以参考S808，在此不再赘述。
在一个例子中，若该网络环境中存在多个用户设备，则S1306至S1308的实现可以例如图16所示。可以看出，AP在确定第二信道后，可以向用户设备1和用户设备2发送第一信道消息。其中，第一信道消息中包含第二信道的信道号，例如CH6；或是第一信道消息中包含有第二信道的中心频点，例如2.437GHz。当用户设备1接收到第一信道消息后，可以根据第一信道消息中包含第二信道的信道号或第二信道的中心频点，将当前工作信道切换为第二信道，例如将工作信道切换至信道6。以及当用户设备2接收到第一信道消息后，可以根据第一信道消息中包含第二信道的信道号或第二信道的中心频点，将当前工作信道切换为第二信道，例如将工作信道切换至信道6。当然，AP也需要将当前工作信道切换为第二信道，在一个例子中，当用户设备1或用户设备2接收到AP发送的第一信道消息后，可以向AP发送响应消息。该响应消息用于表示用户设备1或用户设备2已经接收到第一信道消息。当AP接收到用户设备1以及用户设备2发送的响应消息后，可以执行将当前工作信道切换为第二信道。可以理解的是，当用户设备为多个时，AP可以在接收到所有用户设备发送的响应消息后，才进行工作信道的切换。当然AP可以在接收到所有用户设备发送的响应消息后立即进行工作信道的切换，当然也可以在接收所有用户设备发送的响应消息后的一段时间之后再进行工作信道的切换。其中，一段时间可以是根据实际情况任意设定的，本申请在此不作限定。在一个例子中，若第而信道与当前工作信道(即第一信道)为同一信道时，则为了避免频繁发起切换信道请求，用户设备可以确定第二时间阈值，或是将第一时间阈值调整为第二时间阈值，例如将第一时间阈值乘2。当然，还可以根据实际情况对第一时间阈值进行任意调整，具体可参考S907中相应的描述，在此不再赘述。
可以理解的是，在图13至图16所示的实施例中，AP通知所有与其连接的用户设备进行信道扫描，并且根据每个用户设备扫描的第一扫描信息确定最优的工作信道。然后通知每个用户设备将当前工作信道切换为最优的工作信道。由于在确定最优工作 信道时参考了每个用户设备的干扰情况，因此可以实现切换的信道在AP所处的网络环境内整体效果最优。
在又一些实施例中，在S1301、S1301’和S1301”的步骤中，若某个用户设备检测到周围无线网络环境中干扰较为强烈时，可以同时对各信道进行扫描，并得到第一扫描信息。并将第一扫描信息与第一消息同时发送至AP。AP在接收到某个用户设备发送的第一消息后，会发送第二消息至一个或多个与该AP相连接的用户设备，以便其它用户设备对各信道进行扫描。其中，发送第二消息至一个或多个与该AP相连接的用户设备中包括发送第一消息的第一用户设备。可以理解的是，由于第一用户设备已经向AP发送过第一扫描信息，因此，当该用户设备接收到第二消息后，可以不再对各信道进行扫描。从而节约了后续AP再向第一用户设备请求进行信道扫描，以及第一用户设备将扫描的第一扫描信息发送给AP所占用的时间，并加快AP进行信道切换的过程。
本申请通过用户设备检测到干扰信号强度大于信号强度阈值时，发送第一信息给AP。AP在接收到第一信息后会发送响应信息给用户设备。用户设备在接受到响应信息后对信道进行扫描，并将扫描信息发送至AP。AP根据用户设备的扫描信息以及自身对信道扫描的信息，确定最佳工作信道并进行信道切换。上述方式基于用户设备的不同位置进行综合决策，并实现AP的信道切换。其最佳信道的选择基于所有与该AP相连接的用户设备及AP周边的干扰情况而定的，而非仅仅是AP所在位置周边的无线干扰环境，从而可以真正做到切换至全局最优信道。
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种AP结构示意图。
如图17所示，提供了一种AP 1700，该AP 1700可以包括处理器1701、存储器1702、发送器1703、接收器1704以及总线1705。AP 1700中的处理器1701、存储器1702、发送器1703、接收器1704可以通过总线1705建立通信连接。发送器1703用于发送信息；接收器1704用于接收外部信息。
处理器1701可以为CPU。
存储器1702可以包括易失性存储器(volatile memory)，例如随机存取存储器(random-access memory，RAM)；存储器1702也可以包括非易失性存储器(英文：non-volatile memory)，例如只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)，快闪存储器，硬盘(hard disk drive，HDD)或固态硬盘(solid state drive，SSD)；存储器1702还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。
处理器1701，用于与存储器1702耦合，以及读取并执行存储器1702中的指令；当处理器1701运行时执行指令，使得处理器1701还用于执行上述图9中的S905和S908，或图13中的S1305和S1308。
发送器1703用于执行上述图9中的S902和S906，或图13中的S1302和S1306。以及接收器1704用于接收上述图9中的S901和S904中发送的消息，或图13中的S1301、S1301’、S1301”和S1304、S1304’、S1304”中发送的消息。
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种用户设备结构示意图。
如图18所示，提供了一种用户设备1800，该用户设备1800可以包括处理器1801、存储器1802、发送器1803、接收器1804以及总线1805。用户设备1800中的处理器 1801、存储器1802、发送器1803、接收器1804可以通过总线1805建立通信连接。发送器1803用于发送信息；接收器1804用于接收外部信息。
处理器1801可以为CPU。
存储器1802可以包括易失性存储器(volatile memory)，例如随机存取存储器(random-access memory，RAM)；存储器1802也可以包括非易失性存储器(英文：non-volatile memory)，例如只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)，快闪存储器，硬盘(hard disk drive，HDD)或固态硬盘(solid state drive，SSD)；存储器1802还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。
处理器1801，用于与存储器1802耦合，以及读取并执行存储器1802中的指令；当处理器1801运行时执行指令，使得处理器1801还用于执行上述图9中的S903和S907，或图13中的S1303和S1307、S1307’、S1307”。
发送器1803用于执行上述图9中的S901和S904，或图13中的S1301、S1301’、S1301”和S1304、S1304’、S1304”。以及接收器1804用于接收上述图9中的S902和S906中发送的消息，或图13中的S1302和S1306中发送的消息。
图19为本申请实施例提供的另一种AP结构示意图。
如图19所示，提供了一种AP 1900，该AP 1700可以包括发送模块1901、接收模块1902以及处理模块1903。
其中，发送模块1901用于执行上述图9中的S902和S906，或图13中的S1302和S1306。以及接收模块1902用于接收上述图9中的S901和S904中发送的消息，或图13中的S1301、S1301’、S1301”和S1304、S1304’、S1304”中发送的消息。处理模块1903用于执行上述图9中的S905和S908，或图13中的S1305和S1308。
图20为本申请实施例提供的另一种用户设备结构示意图。
如图20所示，提供了一种用户设备2000，该用户设备2000可以包括发送模块2001、接收模块2002以及处理模块2003。
其中，发送模块2001用于执行上述图9中的S901和S904，或图13中的S1301、S1301’、S1301”和S1304、S1304’、S1304”。以及接收模块2002用于接收上述图9中的S902和S906中发送的消息，或图13中的S1302和S1306中发送的消息。处理模块2003用于执行上述图9中的S903和S907，或图13中的S1303和S1307、S1307’、S1307”。
本申请通过用户设备发现当前工作信道存在不可接受的干扰时，主动向AP提出信道切换，解决了AP无法自动、及时的将信道切换至最佳工作信道的问题。
本领域普通技术人员应该还可以进一步意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令处理器完成，所述的程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中，所述存储 介质是非短暂性(英文：non-transitory)介质，例如随机存取存储器，只读存储器，快闪存储器，硬盘，固态硬盘，磁带(英文：magnetic tape)，软盘(英文：floppy disk)，光盘(英文：optical disc)及其任意组合。
以上所述，仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种信道切换方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于用户设备，所述用户设备与接入设备之间通过第一信道进行网络连接，所述方法包括：
    检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时，发送第一消息至所述接入设备，所述第一消息用于请求切换所述接入设备与所述第一用户设备之间的通信信道；
    接收所述接入设备发送的第一信道信息；
    根据所述第一信道信息，将所述接入设备与所述第一用户设备之间的所述通信信道由所述第一信道切换至第二信道。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述环境干扰参数包括上网速度和/或干扰信号强度；
    所述环境干扰参数满足预设条件包括：
    所述上网速度小于或等于上网速度阈值，和/或所述干扰信号强度大于或等于信号强度阈值。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，所述环境干扰参数还包括干扰持续时长；
    所述环境干扰参数满足预设条件还包括：
    所述上网速度小于或等于所述上网速度阈值且所述干扰持续时长大于或等于第一时间阈值，和/或
    所述干扰信号强度大于或等于所述信号强度阈值且所述干扰持续时长大于或等于所述第一时间阈值。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一所述的方法，其特征在于，在接收所述接入设备发送的第一信道信息之前，所述方法还包括：
    接收所述接入设备发送的第二消息；
    响应于所述第二消息，启动所述用户设备对无线信道中的至少一个信道进行信道扫描，得到第一扫描信息，所述第一扫描信息包括所述用户设备扫描的至少一个信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度；
    将所述第一扫描信息发送至所述接入设备。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述第二信道与所述第一信道相同，则确定第二时间阈值，在所述第二时间阈值内不进行所述信道切换。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二时间阈值与所述第一时间阈值相同；或，
    将所述第一时间阈值乘以时间阈值系数，得到所述第二时间阈值；或
    所述第一时间阈值与时间常数进行累加求和，得到所述第二时间阈值。
  7. 一种信道切换方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于接入设备，所述接入设备与至少一个用户设备之间通过第一信道进行网络连接，至少一个所述用户设备包括第一用户设备，所述方法包括：
    接收所述第一用户设备发送的第一消息，所述第一消息用于请求切换所述接入设备与所述第一用户设备之间的通信信道，其中，所述第一消息为所述第一用户设备在检测到环境干扰参数满足预设条件时发送的；
    根据所述第一消息，确定第一信道信息；
    发送所述第一信道信息至所述第一用户设备，以便所述第一用户设备根据所述第一信道信息，将所述接入设备与所述第一用户设备之间的所述通信信道由所述第一信道切换至第二信道。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送所述第一信道信息至所述第一用户设备，包括：
    发送所述第一信道信息到多个所述用户设备，以便每个接收到所述第一信道信息的所述用户设备根据所述第一信道信息将工作信道切换至第二信道，多个所述用户设备包括所述第一用户设备。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述根据所述第一消息，确定第一信道信息之前，所述方法还包括：
    发送第二消息至所述至少一个用户设备；其中，所述至少一个用户设备中包括所述第一用户设备，所述第二消息用于触发所述至少一个用户设备对无线信道进行信道扫描；
    接收所述至少一个用户设备发送的第一扫描信息；所述第一扫描信息包括：所述至少一个用户设备中每个用户设备扫描的至少一个信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度；
    所述确定第一信道信息，包括：
    根据所述第一扫描信息中中包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，确定所述第一信道信息。
  10. 如权利要求7-9任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定所述第一信道信息包括：
    启动所述接入设备对无线信道中的至少一个信道进行信道扫描，得到第二扫描信息，所述第二扫描信息包括所述接入设备扫描的至少一个信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度；
    所述确定第一信道信息，包括：
    根据所述第二扫描信息包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，确定所述第一信道信息；或
    根据所述第一扫描信息中包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，以及所述第二扫描信息包含的信道的干扰个数和/或干扰信号强度，确定所述第一信道信息。
  11. 如权利要求7-10任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定所述第一信道信息包括：
    针对无线信道中的每个所述信道，根据所述第一扫描信息和/或所述第二扫描信息中该所述信道的干扰个数和干扰信号强度，确定该所述信道的总干扰系数；
    将所述总干扰系数最小的所述信道作为所述第二信道，并确定所述第一信道信息。
  12. 如权利要求7-11任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    根据所述第一信道信息将所述接入设备与所述第一用户设备之间的通信信道由所述第一信道切换至所述第二信道。
  13. 如权利要求7-12任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信道信息包括：所 述第二信道的信道号和/或所述第二信道的中心频点信息。
  14. 一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，其特征在于，当所述指令在终端上运行时，使得所述终端执行如权利要求1-6或7-13任意一项所述的方法。
  15. 一种包含指令的计算机程序设备，当其在终端上运行时，使得所述设备执行如权利要求1-6或7-13中的任一项所述的方法。
  16. 一种用户设备，其特征在于，包括：
    一个或多个处理器；
    一个或多个存储器；
    以及一个或多个计算机程序，其中所述一个或多个计算机程序被存储在所述一个或多个存储器中，所述一个或多个计算机程序包括指令，当所述指令被所述终端设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述终端设备执行如权利要求1-6中任一所述的方法。
  17. 一种接入设备，其特征在于，包括：
    一个或多个处理器；
    一个或多个存储器；
    以及一个或多个计算机程序，其中所述一个或多个计算机程序被存储在所述一个或多个存储器中，所述一个或多个计算机程序包括指令，当所述指令被所述终端设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述终端设备执行如权利要求7-13中任一所述的方法。
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