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  • C07D498/14—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to difluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl triazoles of general formula (I) which are modulators of GAB AA receptors containing the ⁇ 5 subunit.
• the compounds are useful in treating central nervous system and other diseases.
• the invention relates to processes for preparing pharmaceutical compositions as well as processes for manufacturing the compounds according to the invention.
• the GABAA ⁇ 5 subunit represents a therapeutic target for treatment of various diseases and disorders of the central nervous system.
• a nexus has been established between the GABAA ⁇ 5 subunit as therapeutic target, and various neurological disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, pain conditions.
• Compounds capable of modulating GABAA receptors containing the ⁇ 5 subunit are in particular expected to be useful candidates for the treatment of i.a. cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia and cognitive deficits associated with Down syndrome, with autism, with neurofibromatosis type I, or after stroke.
• WO 2012/062687 Al (corresponding to EP-2638029- Al) discloses triazole derivatives for treating neurological disorders.
• WO 2020/016443 Al discloses difluoromethyl-phenyl triazoles as GABA receptor modulators for treating nervous system diseases. Said compounds contain a difluoromethyl group attached to a phenyl group linked to a triazole ring.
• the present invention describes difluoromethyl-pyridin-2-vl triazoles.
• Said compounds contain a difluoromethyl group attached to a 2-pyridine group linked to a triazole ring.
• the combination of a 2-pyridine group with an attached difluoromethyl group surprisingly led to compounds being considerably more potent modulators of GABAA receptors containing the ⁇ 5 subunit than the similar compounds described in WO 2020/016443.
• Modulatory potency of a compound can be measured as Ki value of the compound in assay A described in the following.
• the combination of a pyridine group instead of the phenyl group used in the phenyl triazoles of WO 2020/016443 and the difluoromethyl group in position 4 unexpectedly increases the potency of the claimed compounds by a factor of at least about 10 or more in general.
• the potency is related to the GABAA5R binding constant Ki, wherein an increased potency translates into a lower efficacious dose of the respective compound for disease treatment.
• pyridine-2-yl-triazoles of the general formula (I), wherein: ⁇ Xa and Xb are different from each other and represent C or N and ⁇ R1 is a substituted phenyl or a 5- or 6- membered heterocyclyl ring containing 1 or 2 or 3 heteroatoms are excellent negative modulators of the GABAA5R (i.e. negative modulator of the GABAA ⁇ 5 subunit) having improved properties with respect to GABA A 5R binding properties, which translates in lower doses of the compounds for disease treatment and minimization of side effects.
• one aspect of the invention refers to compounds according to formula (I), or salts thereof which are negative modulators of the GABA A 5R.
• Another aspect of the invention refers to compounds according to formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are negative modulators of the GABAA5R with high GAB AA5R binding properties.
• Another aspect of the invention refers to compounds according to formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are negative modulators of the GABAA5R with high GABAA5R binding properties and excellent CNS penetration with low efflux ratio from the brain compartment and high metabolic stability.
• compositions containing at least one compound according to formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, optionally together with one or more inert carriers and/or diluents.
• An additional aspect of the invention relates to processes of manufacture of the compounds of the present invention.
• the present invention relates to compounds according to formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds according to formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for the use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases or conditions which can be influenced by negative modulation of the GABAA5R such as acute neurological disorders, chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, post operative cognitive decline, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, major depressive disorder, neuropsychiatric
• the present invention relates to compounds of general formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein 5 Xa and Xb are different from each other and represent C or N and R1 is a substituted phenyl or a 5- or 6- membered substituted heterocyclyl ring containing 1 or 2 or 3 heteroatoms. 10 In particular either Xa or Xb is C.
• R1 is preferably selected from the group consisting of 15 ⁇ phenyl substituted with carbamoyl; ⁇ unsubstituted 2-pyridon or 2-pyridon substituted with halogen such as fluorine or substituted on the nitrogen with methyl or ethyl; ⁇ 2, 3 or 4-pyridyl substituted with cyano- (NC-) or thiomethylate-, amino-, methyl-amino-, methylsulfonyl- or halogen; 20 ⁇ unsubstituted pyrimidinyl- or pyrimidinyl- substituted with C 1-6 -alkyl-, amino-, - hydroxymethyl- or pyrazinyl- or pyridazinyl; ⁇ pyrrolyl- substituted with C 1-6 -alkyl- or NC-CH 2 -CH 2 - and pyrazolyl- substituted with C 1-6 -alkyl-, C 3-5 -cycloalkyl-,
• R1 is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ phenyl substituted with carbamoyl such as and ⁇ unsubstituted 2-pyridon or 2-pyridon substituted with halogen such as fluorine or substituted on the nitrogen with methyl or ethyl such as In a further embodiment of the invention R1 is
• R1 is selected from the group consisting of compound of claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is ⁇ unsubstituted pyrimidinyl- or pyrimidinyl- substituted with C 1-6 -alkyl-, amino-, - hydroxymethyl- or pyrazinyl- or pyridazinyl such as
• R1 is ⁇ pyrrolyl- substituted with C 1-6 -alkyl- or NC-CH 2 -CH 2 - and pyrazolyl- substituted with C 1-6 -alkyl-, C 3-5 -cycloalkyl-, NC-CH 2 -CH 2 -, -amino, -methyl-amino, or –halogen such as
• R1 is ⁇ imidazoly- substituted with C 1-6 -alkyl-, carbamoyl, NC-CH 2 -CH 2 -, amino- or - methylamino- such as
• R1 is ⁇ unsubstituted triazolyl- or triazolyl- substituted with C 1-3 -alkyl- such as
• R1 is ⁇ oxazolyl- substituted with methyl or thiophenyl- substituted with NC-CH 2 -CH 2 - such as .
• Table 1 Further preferred are the following compounds listed in Table 1:
• radical attachment point(s) to the molecule from the free valences of the group itself.
• the last named subgroup is the radical attachment point, for example, the substituent "aryl-C 1-3 -alkyl-" means an aryl group which is bound to a C 1-3 -alkyl-group, the latter of which is bound to the core or to the group to which the substituent is attached.
• the attachment site of a given residue to another group shall be variable, i.e.
• any capable atom, bearing hydrogens to be replaced, within this residue may be the linking spot to the group being attached, unless otherwise indicated.
• a compound of the present invention is depicted in form of a chemical name and as a formula in case of any discrepancy the formula shall prevail.
• a given chemical formula or name shall encompass tautomers and all stereo, optical and geometrical isomers (e.g.
• pharmaceutically acceptable or “physiologically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• such salts include salts from benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, gentisic acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, 4-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, sulfuric acid and tartaric acid.
• compositions of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.
• Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention also comprise a part of the invention.
• substituted means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's viable valence number is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound.
• partially unsaturated means that in the designated group or moiety 1, 2, or more, preferably 1 or 2, double bonds are present.
• the term “partially unsaturated” does not cover fully unsaturated groups or moieties.
• halogen generally denotes fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I).
• C 1-n -alkyl wherein n is an integer from 2 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes an acyclic, saturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon radical with 1 to n C atoms.
• C 1-5 -alkyl embraces the radicals H 3 C-, H 3 C-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C- CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-C(CH 3 ) 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, H 3 C- C(CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )
• C 3-n -cycloalkyl wherein n is an integer from 4 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes a cyclic, saturated, unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 3 to n C atoms.
• C 3-7 -cycloalkyl includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• Many of the terms given above may be used repeatedly in the definition of a formula or group and in each case have one of the meanings given above, independently of one another.
• the compounds according to the invention may be obtained using methods of synthesis known in principle. Preferably, the compounds are obtained by the following methods according to the invention which are described in more detail hereinafter.
• General chemical synthetic routes used for the compounds disclosed herein are Route 1:
• Analytical HPLC methods Method A Analytical column: Sunfire C18 (Waters) 2.5 ⁇ m; 3.0 x 30 mm; column temp: 60°C Method B Method C Analytical column: Sunfire (Waters) 2.5 ⁇ m; 3.0 x 30 mm; column temp: 60°C Method D Analytical column: XBridge C18 (Waters) 2.5 ⁇ m; 3.0 x 30 mm; column temp: 60°C Method E Analytical column: Sunfire C18 (Waters) 2.5 ⁇ m; 3.0 x 30 mm; column temp: 60°C Method F Analytical column: Sunfire C18 (Waters) 2.5 ⁇ m; 3.0 x 30 mm; column temp: 60°C Method G
• Example VII 5-(5-Difluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-3H-[1,2,3]triazole-4- carbaldehyde
• a solution of example VI (40.0g, 0.19 mol) in 1.2 L Tetrahydrofuran at - 65°C is added dropwise a 2.5 M soution of N-Butyllithium (114.2 mL, 0.29 mol) in hexanes. The resulting mixture is stirred at this temperature for 1.5 h. Then, N,N-Dimethylformamide (147.4 mL, 1.90 mol) is added dropwise and then reaction mixture is stirred at 0°C for 30 min.
• the reaction mixture is evaporated.
• the residue is quenched with water and the product is extracted with DCM.
• the organic phases are combined and the organic phase is dried with MgSO4 and is evaporated.
• the crude product is purified by column chromatography (silica gel, CH/EE (6/4)) to afford 6.30 g of the product.
• Example XI 3 ⁇ chloro ⁇ 6 ⁇ (5 ⁇ methyl ⁇ 1H ⁇ 1,2,4 ⁇ triazol ⁇ 1 ⁇ yl)pyridazine 6-Chloro-pyridazin-3-yl)-hydrazine (16.4 g, 113 mmol) and N-[1-Dimethylamino-meth-(E)- ylidene]-acetamide (15.5 g, 136 mmol) are dissolved in 164 mL acetic acid.
• Example XII methyl 1 ⁇ (6 ⁇ chloropyridazin ⁇ 3 ⁇ yl) ⁇ 1H ⁇ imidazole ⁇ 4 ⁇ carboxylate
• sodium hydride (1.74 g, 43.6 mmol) in 50 mL DMF
• methyl 1H ⁇ imidazole ⁇ 4 ⁇ carboxylate (5.00 g, 39.6 mmol) at 0 °C.
• the reaction mixture is stirred for 30 min.
• a solution of 3,6 ⁇ dichloropyridazine (5.90 g, 39.6 mmol) in 30 mL DMF at 0 °C and the mixture is stirred for 20 h to reach RT.
• Example XV 1 ⁇ [6 ⁇ (4 ⁇ cyano ⁇ 1H ⁇ imidazol ⁇ 1 ⁇ yl)pyridazin ⁇ 3 ⁇ yl] ⁇ 1H ⁇ imidazole ⁇ 4 ⁇ carbonitrile
• 1H ⁇ imidazole ⁇ 4 ⁇ carbonitrile 9.30 g, 99.9 mmol
• potassium carbonate 41.4 g, 299 mmol
• Addition of 1H ⁇ imidazole ⁇ 4 ⁇ carbonitrile (5.00 g, 53.7 mmol) and the mixture is stirred at 50 °C for 3 days.
• Example XVI.l 6-(pvrazin-2-vl)-2.3-dihvdropyridazin-3-one
• Example XVII (1.50 g, 6.03 mmol) in POCI3 (5.00 mL, 53.6 mmol) is stirred at 100°C for
• Example 36 To example I (50.0 mg, 0.20 mmol) and example XIV (46.5 mg, 0.20 mmol) in 2 mL DMSO is added dropwise at 0 °C a solution of sodium tert-pentoxide 2 mol/L in Me-THF (83.9 ⁇ L, 0.20 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at RT overnight, then at 50°C overnight and then at 75°C for 3 days. The mixture is purified by preparative HPLC to obtain 3.20 mg of the product.
• Example 42 1 ⁇ [6 ⁇ ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ [5 ⁇ (difluoromethyl)pyridin ⁇ 2 ⁇ yl] ⁇ 4 ⁇ methyl ⁇ 1H ⁇ 1,2,3 ⁇ triazol ⁇ 5-yl ⁇ methoxy)pyridazin ⁇ 3 ⁇ yl] ⁇ 1H ⁇ imidazole ⁇ 4 ⁇ carbonitrile
• cesium carbonate 814 mg, 2.00 mmol
• example XV 273 mg, 1.00 mmol
• Example 48 3-( ⁇ 4-[5-(difluoromethyl)pyri din-2-yl]- 1 -methyl- 1H- 1,2, 3-triazol-5- yl ⁇ methoxy)-6-(5-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)py ridazine
• example VIII 200 mg, 0.83 mmol
• example XI 163 mg, 0.83 mmol
• the reaction mixture is stirred at 90°C overnight, then at RT over the weekend.
• the reaction mixture is diluted with water and the precipitate is filtered.
• Example 51 3 ⁇ (4 ⁇ chloro ⁇ 1H ⁇ pyrazol ⁇ 1 ⁇ yl) ⁇ 6 ⁇ ( ⁇ 4 ⁇ [5 ⁇ (difluoromethyl)pyridin ⁇ 2 ⁇ yl] ⁇ 1 ⁇ methyl ⁇ 1H ⁇ 1,2,3 ⁇ triazol ⁇ 5 ⁇ yl ⁇ methoxy)pyridazine
• example VIII 100 mg, 0.42 mmol
• example XVI.1 89.5 mg, 0.42 mmol
• the reaction mixture is stirred at RT overnight.
• the reaction mixture is directly purified by preparative HPLC to obtain 41.6 mg of the product.
• Example 54 3-(( l-r5-(difluoromethvl)pyridin-2-vl1-4-methvl-lH-E2.3-triazol-5- yl ⁇ methoxy)-6-(4-fluoro- 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl)pyridazine
• Example 56 3 ⁇ ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ [5 ⁇ (difluoromethyl)pyridin ⁇ 2 ⁇ yl] ⁇ 4 ⁇ methyl ⁇ 1H ⁇ 1,2,3 ⁇ triazol ⁇ 5 ⁇ yl ⁇ methoxy) ⁇ 6 ⁇ (pyrazin ⁇ 2 ⁇ yl)pyridazine
• 2-Tributylstannylpyrazine 83.0 mg, 0.23 mmol
• example IX.2 53.0 mg, 0.15 mmol
• cesium fluoride (46.0 mg, 0.30 mmol)
• xphos (26.0 mg, 0.03 mmol) under argon.
• the reaction mixture is purified by preparative HPLC to obtain 17.0 mg of the product.
• C18H14F2N8O (M 396.3 g/mol)
• ESI-MS 397 [M+H] +
• Assay A In vitro inhibition of 3 H-flumazenil ( 3 H-Ro 15-1788) binding HEK cells expressing the human GABAA receptor
• the benzodiazepine modulator unit can selectively be labelled with the antagonist 3 H-flumazenil.
• the pharmacology of the mutated 015B3Y2S GABAA receptor is similar to that of the wild type receptor with respect 3H-flumazenil binding.
• HEK-293 cell lines with stable expression of recombinant human GABAA 015B3 Y2s receptors (plasmid H46/E9/B10) are seeded in T175 polystyrene flasks or roller bottles (1700 cm 2 , Fisher Scientific CCI-431191), and cultured (37°C, 5% CO2) in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with GlutaMAXTM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and one or both of the following antibiotics: hygromycin B (50 pg/ml; Y2 subunit) or G418 (0.5 mg/ml; Q5 subunit).
• DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
• the DMEM is removed and the cells are washed (10 ml for T175 flasks; 50 ml for roller bottles) once in Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS).
• DPBS Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline
• the pellet is washed once in 15 ml Tris-citrate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.1) using an Ultra-Turrax homogenizer and centrifuged at 2°C for 10 min at 27,000 x g.
• the washed pellet is re-suspended in 15 ml Tris-citrate buffer and frozen at -80°C until the day of the binding experiment.
• the cell membrane preparation On the day of the experiment the cell membrane preparation is thawed and centrifuged at 2°C for 10 min at 27,000 x g. The pellet is re-suspended, using an Ultra-Turrax homogenizer in Tris-citrate buffer, to 15-50 pg protein per assay and then used for binding assays.
• test compounds All dilutions of test compounds and incubation of assay are performed in glass vials / 96-vial plates. Solutions of test compounds and 3 H-flumazenil are prepared 22x the desired final concentration. Compounds are dissolved in 100% DMSO (10 mM stock), diluted in 48% ethanol -water, and tested in triplicate in serial 1 :3 or 1 : 10 dilutions. When screening large numbers of compounds only one concentration of each compound is tested in single wells. Reference compounds are not included routinely, but for each experiment performed total and nonspecific binding is compared to data obtained during validation of the assay.
• Binding is either terminated by rapid filtration onto
• the amount of radioactivity on the filters is determined by conventional liquid scintillation counting using a 1) Tri-GarbTMcounter (PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences) for separate large filters or 2) TopcountTMcounter (PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences) for 96-well filter plates. Specific binding is total binding minus non-specific binding. Calculations 25-75% inhibition of specific binding must be obtained before calculation of an IC50 (the concentration ( ⁇ M) of the test compound which inhibits the specific binding of 3 H-flumazenil by 50%).
• IC50 the concentration ( ⁇ M) of the test compound which inhibits the specific binding of 3 H-flumazenil by 50%).
• the IC50 value is calculated from the concentration response curves by the non-linear regression method using the curve-fitting program GraphPad Prism.
• WO 2020/016433 as well as example compounds 42, 56, 5 and 55 of the present invention are shown in the tables below.
• Assay B In vitro evaluation of modulation of ⁇ 5 ß 2 ⁇ 2 GABA A receptor. Modulatory efficacy of compounds of formular (I) is determined electrophysiological recordings in oocytes using the two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) technique. Oocytes are injected with cRNA for human GABAA receptor subunits ⁇ 5, ß 2 and ⁇ 2 in a 3:1:3 ratio and modulatory efficacy is evaluated by co-applications with a submaximal EC5-20 GABA concentration (0.5 ⁇ M) termed GABA control. As a standard, the compounds are tested in five concentrations (3.16, 0.316, 0.0316, 0.00316 and 0.000316 ⁇ M) on each oocyte starting with the lowest concentration.
• TEVC two-electrode voltage clamp
• MDCK Madin-Darby canine kidney
• AB permeability represents drug absorption from the blood into the 35 brain and BA permeability (PEBA) drug efflux from the brain back into the blood via both passive permeability as well as active transport mechanisms mediated by efflux and uptake transporters that are expressed on the MDCK-MDR1 cells, predominantly by the overexpressed human MDR1 P-gp.
• the compounds are assigned to permeability/absorption classes by comparison of the AB permeabilities with the AB permeabilities of reference compounds with known in vitro permeability and oral absorption in the human. Identical or similar permeabilities in both transport directions indicate passive permeation, vectorial permeability points to additional active transport mechanisms.
• Higher PEBA than PEAB indicates the involvement of active efflux mediated by MDR1 P-gp. Active transport is concentration- dependently saturable.
• MDCK-MDR1 cells (1-2 x 10e5 cells/1 cm2 area) are seeded on filter inserts (Costar transwell polycarbonate or PET filters, 0.4 pm pore size) and cultured (DMEM) for 7 days. Subsequently, the MDR1 expression is boosted by culturing the cells with 5 mM sodium butyrate in full medium for 2 days. Compounds are dissolved in appropriate solvent (like DMSO, 1 -20 mM stock solutions).
• the transport solution (TL) is applied to the apical or basolateral donor side for measuring A- B or B-A permeability (3 filter replicates), respectively.
• the receiver side contains the same buffer as the donor side. Samples are collected at the start and end of experiment from the donor and at various time intervals for up to 2 hours also from the receiver side for concentration measurement by HPLC-MS/MS or scintillation counting. Sampled receiver volumes are replaced with fresh receiver solution. These data shows that the compounds of the present invention have excellent brain penetration properties with low efflux ratio from the brain compartment.
• Assessment of metabolic stability in human liver microsomes human MST
• the metabolic stability of the compounds according to the invention may be investigated as follows: The metabolic degradation of the test compound is assayed at 37°C with pooled human liver microsomes.
• the final incubation volume of 100 ⁇ L per time point contains TRIS buffer pH 7.6 at room temperature (0.1 M), MgCl2 (5 mM), microsomal protein (1 mg/mL) and the test compound at a final concentration of 1 ⁇ M.
• the reactions are initiated by addition of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH, 1 mM), and terminated by transferring an aliquot into solvent after different time points. After centrifugation (10000 g, 5 min), an aliquot of the supernatant is assayed by LCMS/MS for the amount of parent compound.
• the half-life (t 1/2) is determined by the slope of the semi -logarithmic plot of the concentration-time profile.
• the compounds of general formula (I) according to the invention are suitable for the treatment and/or preventative treatment of all those diseases or conditions which can be influenced by modulation of GABAA receptors containing the ⁇ 5 subunit.
• compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable for the prevention or treatment of diseases, particularly acute neurological disorders, chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, post operative cognitive decline, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, major depressive disorder, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, attentional disorders, eating disorders, anorexia, anorexia nervosa,
• the compounds according to the invention are even more suitable for the treatment of i.a. cognitive disorders, post operative cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia, cognitive deficits associated with Down syndrome, cognitive deficits associated with autism, cognitive deficits associated with neurofibromatosis type I, or cognitive deficits after stroke.
• the present invention relates to methods for the treatment or prevention of above mentioned diseases and conditions, which method comprises the administration of an effective amount of a compound of general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to a human being.
• the dose range of the compounds of general formula (I) applicable per day is usually from 0.1 to 1000 mg, preferably from 1 to 500 mg by oral route, in each case administered 1 to 4 times a day.
• Each dosage unit may conveniently contain from 0.1 to 500 mg, preferably 1 to 100 mg.
• the actual pharmaceutically effective amount or therapeutic dosage will of course depend on factors known by those skilled in the art such as age and weight of the patient, route of administration and severity of disease. In any case the combination will be administered at dosages and in a manner which allows a pharmaceutically effective amount to be delivered based upon patient’s unique condition.
• Suitable preparations for administering the compounds of formula I, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, will be apparent to those with ordinary skill in the art and include for example tablets, pills, capsules, suppositories, lozenges, troches, solutions, syrups, elixirs, sachets, injectables, inhalatives, powders, etc..
• the content of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should be in the range from 0.1 to 95 wt.-%, preferably 5.0 to 90 wt.-% of the composition as a whole.
• Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing one or more compounds according to formula I with known excipients, for example inert diluents, carriers, disintegrants, adjuvants, surfactants, binders and/or lubricants.
• excipients for example inert diluents, carriers, disintegrants, adjuvants, surfactants, binders and/or lubricants.
• the tablets may also consist of several layers.
• the compounds of formula I prepared according to the invention may be formulated, optionally together with other active substances, together with one or more inert conventional carriers and/or diluents, e.g. with corn starch, lactose, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, citric acid, tartaric acid, water, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water/ethanol, water/glycerol, water/sorbitol, water/polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, cetylstearyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose or fatty substances such as hard fat or suitable mixtures thereof.
• inert conventional carriers and/or diluents e.g. with corn starch, lactose, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, citric acid, tartaric acid, water, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water/ethanol, water/glycerol, water/sorbitol, water/polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, cetylstearyl alcohol
• the compounds according to the invention may also be used in conjunction with other active substances, particularly for the treatment and/or prevention of the diseases and conditions mentioned above.
• a list of example is: Donepezil, Memantine, Acetazolamide, Carbamazepine, Eslicarbazepine acetate, Ethosuximide, Gabapentin, Lacosamide, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Brivaracetam, Nitrazepam, Oxcarbazepine, Perampanel, Piracetam, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Pregabalin, Primidone, Rufinamide, Sodium valproate, Stiripentol, Tiagabine, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Zonisamide, Levodopa, Carbidopa, Haloperidol, Loxapine, Thioridazine, Molindone, Thiothixene, Fluphenazine, Mesoridazine, Trifluoperazine, Perphena
• the dosage for the combination partners mentioned above is usefully 1/5 of the lowest dose normally recommended up to 1/1 of the normally recommended dose.
• this invention relates to the use of a compound according to the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof combined with at least one of the active substances described above as a combination partner, for preparing a pharmaceutical composition which is suitable for the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions described above.
• the use of the compound according to the invention in combination with another active substance may take place simultaneously or at staggered times, but particularly within a short space of time. If they are administered simultaneously, the two active substances are given to the patient together; while if they are used at staggered times the two active substances are given to the patient within a period of less than or equal to 12 hours, but particularly less than or equal to 6 hours.
• this invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound according to the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of the active substances described above as combination partners, optionally together with one or more inert carriers and/or diluents.
• the compound according to the invention may both be present together in one formulation, for example a tablet or capsule, or separately in two identical or different formulations, for example as a so-called kit-of-parts.

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• 2021
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