WO2022027742A1 - 一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机 - Google Patents

一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022027742A1
WO2022027742A1 PCT/CN2020/111209 CN2020111209W WO2022027742A1 WO 2022027742 A1 WO2022027742 A1 WO 2022027742A1 CN 2020111209 W CN2020111209 W CN 2020111209W WO 2022027742 A1 WO2022027742 A1 WO 2022027742A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
rotor
axial flux
flux motor
integrated air
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PCT/CN2020/111209
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范兴纲
李大伟
曲荣海
刘京易
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华中科技大学
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Publication of WO2022027742A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022027742A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/12—Transversal flux machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2205/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to casings, enclosures, supports
    • H02K2205/09—Machines characterised by drain passages or by venting, breathing or pressure compensating means

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of motor cooling, and more particularly, relates to an integrated air-cooled axial flux motor.
  • Axial flux permanent magnet motor has attracted extensive attention and research by researchers at home and abroad due to its flat and compact structure and high power (torque) density.
  • torque high power density motor topology
  • the shaft The flux motor has good application prospects in the fields of aerospace, ship propulsion, electric vehicles, etc. where the weight and space are limited.
  • the single stator and double rotor yokeless armature separation type (YASA type, Yokeless and Segmented Armature) axial flux motor saves the stator yoke, the stator iron loss is small, and the armature winding coil It has received a lot of attention for reasons such as modular winding, and there are many related research results. Because of its large power density advantage and good market application prospects, some research institutions directly set up related companies to integrate innovative products. The research results are used for product transformation and promotion, and have won a good reputation in the global high-end motor market. Examples include Oxford University and YASA in the UK, Ghent University in Belgium and MagnaX.
  • the axial flux motor is difficult to cool due to its compact structure, especially the YASA structure motor. Since the stator has no yoke, the heat flow channel of the winding is reduced, which leads to the difficulty of heat dissipation of the motor winding. Therefore, an efficient winding cooling method is designed to reduce the winding temperature. It is of great significance to improve the power and torque of the motor to improve the thermal performance of the motor.
  • the present invention provides an integrated air-cooled axial flux motor, the purpose of which is to effectively reduce the winding temperature in the axial flux motor to improve the thermal performance of the motor.
  • the present invention provides an integrated air-cooled axial flux motor, comprising a front rotor, a stator and a rear rotor arranged coaxially in sequence, an air gap is formed between the stator and the two rotors, and the front rotor is and the rear rotor include rotor disc, rotor core and magnetic steel, among which,
  • the front rotor and the rear rotor are connected by a casing, and the casing is provided with blades arranged obliquely; the rotor disk of the front rotor and/or the rear rotor is provided with an air inlet;
  • the stator includes a stator support, a stator core and a stator coil;
  • stator support The axial ends of the stator support are symmetrically arranged with a plurality of support columns radially arranged in a radial shape, and the plurality of support columns form a plurality of U-shaped grooves along the circumferential direction; the support columns at both ends are connected through the circumferential bottom, and the circumferential bottom There is a ventilation opening on it;
  • stator iron cores There are a plurality of stator iron cores, the stator coils are wound on the stator iron cores, and the stator iron cores wound with the stator coils are respectively embedded in a U-shaped slot.
  • the integrated air-cooled axial flux motor provided by the present invention has obliquely arranged blades on the casing connecting the front and rear rotors, an air inlet is arranged on the rotor disk, and an air outlet is arranged on the stator support, so that the stator and the rotor are arranged with an air inlet.
  • the air gap between the rotors and the stator coils form a cooling flow channel; during operation, under the action of the rotation of the casing, the cooling air will enter the motor through the air inlet located on the rotor disk; after the cooling air enters the motor, part of the cooling air It flows through the air gap between the rotor disk and the stator, and after cooling the surface of the magnetic steel and the stator core, it flows out through the blade gap on the casing; part of the cooling air flows through the stator through the ventilation openings on the axial bottom supported by the stator.
  • the stator iron core after winding the stator coil on the stator iron core, the stator iron core can be embedded in the corresponding stator slot, the stator coil is easy to assemble, and the stator coil is easy to fix.
  • the magnetic steel on the front rotor and/or the rear rotor adopts a slanted pole structure.
  • the magnetic steel on the front rotor and/or the rear rotor adopts a slanted pole structure, so that the rotor can act as a centrifugal fan to generate a certain air volume during the rotation process, thereby Strengthen the cooling effect of the motor.
  • circumferentially arranged cooling ribs are also provided on the circumferential bottom of the stator support.
  • cooling ribs are arranged on the circumferential bottom of the stator support, and after the support columns at both ends of the stator support conduct the heat generated by the stator coils to the bottom of the stator support, they are arranged on the bottom of the stator support.
  • the heat dissipation ribs at the bottom will further conduct heat to the cooling air to enhance the cooling effect on the stator coils; in addition, the heat dissipation ribs are arranged in the circumferential direction at the circumferential bottom of the stator support, which can strengthen the strength of the stator support.
  • the heat dissipation ribs on the circumferential bottom are arranged in multiple rows along the circumference of different radii, thereby improving the heat conduction capability and enhancing the cooling effect.
  • a U-shaped heat pipe is also arranged on the stator core wound with the stator coil;
  • One end of the U-shaped heat pipe is inserted into the stator core along the axial direction, and the other end is located on the outer circumferential surface of the stator core and is closely attached to the stator coil.
  • a U-shaped heat pipe is arranged on the stator iron core, and one end of the U-shaped heat pipe inserted into the stator iron core in the axial direction can absorb the heat inside the stator iron core, and conduct to the end of the U-shaped heat pipe located on the outer surface of the stator iron core to dissipate heat, At the same time, the end of the U-shaped heat pipe located on the outer surface of the stator core can also directly dissipate heat to the stator coil that is close to it, thereby effectively improving the cooling effect of the stator core and the stator coil.
  • the U-shaped heat pipe is located on one end of the outer circumferential surface of the stator core, and a plurality of external cooling fins are arranged in the axial direction, so that the heat dissipation of the U-shaped heat pipe located at one end of the outer circumferential surface of the stator core can be enhanced. ability.
  • the U-shaped heat pipe is axially inserted into one end of the stator core, and a plurality of radially arranged internal heat absorbing fins are arranged, thereby enhancing the heat absorption capability of the U-shaped heat pipe axially inserted into one end of the stator core.
  • stator core is made of soft magnetic composite material (SMC), so that the insertion hole on the stator core for inserting the U-shaped heat pipe can be easily processed.
  • SMC soft magnetic composite material
  • stator core and the U-shaped heat pipe are integrally formed, which facilitates the processing of the insertion hole on the stator core for inserting the U-shaped heat pipe, and effectively reduces the number of stator cores and U-shaped heat pipes made of soft magnetic composite materials. The contact thermal resistance between them improves the heat dissipation of the stator core.
  • each ventilation port is arranged in the axial middle position between the two axially symmetrical support columns, thereby facilitating the circulation of cooling air between the stator coils and strengthening the ventilation of the stator coils. cooling effect.
  • the integrated air-cooled axial flux motor provided by the present invention has obliquely arranged blades on the casing connecting the front and rear rotors, an air inlet is arranged on the rotor disk, and a vent is arranged on the stator support, so that the The air gap between the stator and the rotor, as well as between the stator coils, form a cooling flow channel; during operation, under the action of the rotation of the casing, the cooling air will enter the motor through the air inlet located on the rotor disk, and directly interact with the magnetic steel, The stator iron core and the stator coil are in full contact, which can directly and efficiently cool the axial flux motor and effectively improve the thermal performance of the motor.
  • the magnetic steel on the front rotor and/or the rear rotor adopts a slanted pole structure, which can enhance the cooling effect of the motor.
  • heat dissipation ribs are arranged on the circumferential bottom of the stator support, which can enhance the cooling effect of the stator coil and strengthen the strength of the stator support.
  • the heat dissipation ribs on the circumferential bottom are arranged in multiple rows along the circumference of different radii, thereby improving the heat conduction capability and enhancing the cooling effect.
  • a U-shaped heat pipe is arranged on the stator iron core, which can absorb the heat inside the stator iron core and conduct it to the outside for dissipation, and dissipate heat to the stator coil, thereby Effectively improve the cooling effect of the stator core and the stator coil.
  • the U-shaped heat pipe is located on one end of the outer circumferential surface of the stator core, and a plurality of external cooling fins are arranged in the axial direction, so that the U-shaped heat pipe can be strengthened to be located on the outer circumferential surface of the stator core.
  • the stator core is made of soft magnetic composite material (SMC), which can facilitate the processing of the stator core for inserting U-shaped
  • SMC soft magnetic composite material
  • the stator core and the U-shaped heat pipe are processed by integral molding, which can facilitate the processing of the socket on the stator core for inserting the U-shaped heat pipe, and effectively reduce the number of the stator core and the U-shaped heat pipe made of soft magnetic composite materials.
  • the contact thermal resistance between the type heat pipes improves the heat dissipation of the stator core.
  • the stator core can be embedded in the corresponding stator slot, the stator coil is easy to assemble, and the stator is easy to install. The coil is fixed.
  • the integrated air-cooled axial flux motor provided by the present invention realizes the air-cooling of the motor through the integrated fan blades of the casing or the self-ventilation of the inclined pole of the rotor, which simplifies the system structure of the air-cooled motor and reduces the size of the system. size, weight and cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional exploded view of an integrated air-cooled axial flux motor provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an integrated air-cooled axial flux motor provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a casing provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a stator support structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a stator coil assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a U-shaped heat pipe provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a motor cooling air flow path according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is the front rotor
  • 11 is the rotor disc of the front rotor
  • 12 is the rotor core of the front rotor
  • 13 is the magnetic steel of the front rotor
  • 14 is the front bearing
  • 15 is the magnetic steel platen of the front rotor
  • 2 is the stator
  • 21 is the stator Support
  • 211 is a support column
  • 212 is a heat dissipation rib
  • 22 is a stator core
  • 221 is an internal heat sink socket
  • 23 is a stator coil
  • 24 is a U-shaped heat pipe
  • 241 is an external heat sink
  • 242 is an internal heat sink
  • 25 is the fixing screw
  • 26 is the stator bar
  • 3 is the rear rotor
  • 31 is the rotor disc of the rear rotor
  • 32 is the rotor core of the rear rotor
  • 33 is the magnetic steel of the rear rotor
  • 34 is the rear bearing
  • 35 is the magnetic steel of the rear rot
  • the axial flux motors involved in the following embodiments are all axial flux motors with a single-stator and double-rotor yokeless armature separation (YASA) structure.
  • An integrated air-cooled axial flux motor as shown in Figures 1 and 2, includes: a front rotor 1, a stator 2 and a rear rotor 3 that are coaxially arranged in sequence, and air is formed between the stator 2 and the two rotors respectively. Air gap; as shown in FIG. 3, the front rotor 1 includes a rotor disk 11, a rotor core 12 and a magnetic steel 13, the rotor core 12 is mounted on the rotor disk 11, the magnetic steel 13 is mounted on the rotor core 12, and The structure of the rear rotor 3 is similar to that of the front rotor 1.
  • the rear rotor 3 includes a rotor disk 31, a rotor iron core 32 and a magnetic steel 33, and the rotor iron core 32 is installed and attached to the rotor disk 31.
  • the magnetic steel 33 is installed and attached to the rotor core 32, and is fixed by the magnetic steel pressing plate; the front rotor 1 and the rear rotor 3 and the stator 1 are supported by the front bearing 14 and the rear bearing 24 respectively, so as to facilitate the rotation movement;
  • the front rotor 1 and the rear rotor 3 are connected by a casing 4 to reduce the eccentricity and deformation of the two rotor disks; the casing 4 has blades 41 arranged obliquely.
  • the structure of the casing 4 is shown in FIG. 4 , the blades 41 The inclination angle can be determined according to the actual motor structure and heat dissipation requirements to ensure the air volume and efficiency; the rotor disk 31 of the rear rotor 3 is provided with an air inlet 5;
  • stator 2 The structure of the stator 2 is shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , including a stator support 21 , a stator core 22 and a stator coil 23 ;
  • the axial ends of the stator support 21 are symmetrically provided with a plurality of supporting columns 211 radially arranged in a radial shape, and the plurality of supporting columns 211 form a plurality of U-shaped grooves in the circumferential direction; the supporting columns 211 at both ends are connected by a circumferential bottom , There are ventilation openings on the bottom of the circumferential direction.
  • each ventilation opening is arranged in the axial middle position between the two axially symmetrical support columns. ;
  • stator cores 22 There are a plurality of stator cores 22, the stator coils 23 are wound on the stator cores 22, and the stator cores 22 wound with the stator coils 23 are respectively embedded in a U-shaped slot; in this embodiment, the special structure design of the stator support 21 , so that after the stator coil 23 is wound around the stator core 22, the stator core 22 can be embedded in the corresponding stator slot, the stator coil 23 is easy to assemble, and it is easy to fix the stator coil 23;
  • the stator coil 23 and the stator iron core 22 are fixed and pressed by using the fixing screw 25 and the stator pressing bar 26;
  • the casing 4 connecting the front and rear rotors has obliquely arranged blades 41
  • the rotor disk 31 of the rear rotor 3 is provided with an air inlet 5
  • the stator support 21 is provided with an air inlet 5 .
  • a vent is provided to form a cooling channel between the air gap between the stator and the rotor and between the stator coils; as shown in Figure 2, the cooling channel formed in the air gap between the rear rotor 3 and the stator 2 is The first cooling channel 6, the radial cooling channel between the stator coils 23 is the second cooling channel 7, and the cooling channel formed in the air gap between the front rotor 1 and the stator 2 is the third cooling channel 8 , the blade gap on the casing 4 also constitutes the air outlet 9;
  • the cooling air will enter the motor through the air inlet 4 located on the rotor disk 31; after the cooling air enters the motor, it is divided into three parts; a part of the cooling air flows through the first cooling channel 6.
  • the magnetic steel on the front rotor 1 and/or the rear rotor 3 adopts a slanted pole structure, so that the rotor can act as a centrifugal fan to generate a certain amount of air during the rotation process to enhance the cooling of the motor. Effect.
  • the circumferential bottom of the stator support 21 is further provided with circumferentially arranged heat dissipation ribs 212 , and the heat dissipation ribs 212 on the circumferential bottom extend along the The circles with different radii are arranged in multiple rows; after the support column 211 conducts the heat generated by the stator coil to the bottom of the stator support, the heat dissipation rib 212 arranged at the bottom will further conduct the heat to the cooling air to enhance the cooling effect of the stator coil 23
  • the heat dissipation ribs 212 are arranged in the circumferential direction at the circumferential bottom of the stator support 21, which can strengthen the strength of the stator support 21; the arrangement of multiple rows of heat dissipation ribs helps to improve the heat conduction ability and enhance the cooling effect.
  • a U-shaped heat pipe 24 is also provided on the stator core wound with the stator coil;
  • One end of the U-shaped heat pipe 24 is inserted into the stator core 22 in the axial direction to absorb the heat inside the stator core. and the stator coil 23 to dissipate heat;
  • the U-shaped heat pipe 24 On one end of the outer circumferential surface of the stator core 22, a plurality of external cooling fins 241 are arranged in the axial direction, and the U-shaped heat pipe 24 is inserted into one end of the stator core 22 in the axial direction.
  • the stator core 22 is provided with corresponding inner heat absorbing fin insertion holes 221; in order to overcome the problem of difficult processing of the inner heat absorbing fin insertion holes 221 caused by the complex structure of the inner heat absorbing fins 242, as a kind of
  • the stator core 22 is made of soft magnetic composite material (SMC), and the U-shaped heat pipe 24 is directly formed and manufactured together with the SMC stator core. This method can also effectively reduce the cost of the SMC stator core.
  • the contact thermal resistance with the U-shaped heat pipe improves the heat dissipation of the stator core;
  • this embodiment can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the windings and improve the thermal performance of the motor. Specifically, the cooling air flow paths between the winding coils are shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the air-cooling method for the axial flux motor proposed in this embodiment has a compact structure and is deeply integrated with the mechanical support components of the motor and the electromagnetic structure. weight.
  • An integrated air-cooled axial flux motor this embodiment is similar to the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, the difference is that in this embodiment, the air inlet is arranged on the front rotor;
  • An integrated air-cooled axial flux motor this embodiment is similar to the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, the difference is that in this embodiment, both the front rotor and the rear rotor are provided with air inlets;

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，属于电机冷却技术领域，其中，连接前、后转子的机壳上具有倾斜设置的叶片；前转子和/或后转子的转子盘上设置有进风口；定子包括定子支撑，其轴向两端对称设置有呈辐射状径向排布的多个支撑柱，多个支撑柱沿周向形成多个U型槽；两端支撑柱通过周向底部连接，周向底部上设置有通风口和周向布置的散热筋；缠绕有定子线圈的定子铁心嵌放在U型槽中；转子磁钢采用斜极式结构；定子铁心上还设置有U型热管，U型热管一端沿轴向插入定子铁心，另一端位于定子铁心的周向外表面且紧贴定子线圈，定子铁心与U型热管一体成型。本发明能够有效降低轴向磁通电机中的绕组和铁心温度，提升电机的热性能。

Description

一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机 【技术领域】
本发明属于电机冷却技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机。
【背景技术】
轴向磁通永磁电机以其结构扁平紧凑、功率(转矩)密度高等优点引起了国内外学者广泛的关注与研究，作为一种很有潜力的高功率(转矩)密度电机拓扑，轴向磁通电机在航空航天、舰船推进、电动汽车等重量和空间受限的场合领域具有很好的应用前景。
在轴向磁通电机中，单定子双转子无轭电枢分离型(YASA型，Yokeless and Segmented Armature)轴向磁通电机由于省去了定子轭部，定子铁耗小，以及电枢绕组线圈可使用模块化绕制等原因而获得了很大的关注，相关研究成果较多，并且由于具有较大的功率密度优势和很好的市场应用前景，有些研究机构直接成立相关公司，将创新性研究成果进行产品转化推广，在全球高端电机市场上赢得了较好的口碑。例如牛津大学与英国YASA公司，比利时根特大学和MagnaX公司。
但是，轴向磁通电机由于其结构紧凑而造成冷却困难，尤其是YASA结构电机，由于定子无轭，绕组热流通道减少，从而导致电机绕组散热困难，因此，设计高效的绕组冷却方式降低绕组温升，以提升电机的热性能，对于提高电机功率和转矩有着十分重要的意义。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的缺陷和改进需求，本发明提供了一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其目的在于，有效降低轴向磁通电机中的绕组温度，以提升电机的热性能。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，包括依次同轴设置的前转子、定子和后转子，定子与两个转子之间分别形成空气气隙，前转子和后转子均包括转子盘、转子铁心和磁钢，其中，
前转子和后转子之间通过机壳连接，机壳上具有倾斜设置的叶片；前转子和/或后转子的转子盘上设置有进风口；
定子包括定子支撑、定子铁心和定子线圈；
定子支撑的轴向两端对称设置有呈辐射状径向排布的多个支撑柱，多个支撑柱沿周向形成多个U型槽；两端支撑柱通过周向底部连接，周向底部上设置有通风口；
定子铁心设置有多个，定子线圈缠绕于定子铁心上，各缠绕有定子线圈的定子铁心分别嵌放在一个U型槽中。
本发明提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，连接前、后转子的机壳上具有倾斜设置的叶片，转子盘上设置有进风口，定子支撑上设置有通风口，从而在定子与转子间的气隙，以及定子线圈之间均形成冷却流道；工作时，在机壳的旋转作用下，冷却空气会通过位于转子盘上的进风口进入电机；冷却空气进入电机后，部分冷却空气流经转子盘与定子之间的气隙，对磁钢和定子铁心表面进行冷却后，通过机壳上的叶片间隙流出；部分冷却空气经定子支撑的轴向底部上设置的通风口流经定子线圈之间，对定子线圈进行冷却后，通过机壳上的叶片间隙流出；在此过程中，冷却空气直接与磁钢、定子铁心以及定子线圈充分接触，能够对轴向磁通电机进行直接高效的冷却，有效提升电机的热性能。
本发明中，将定子线圈缠绕于定子铁心后，将定子铁心嵌放到对应的定子槽中即可，定子线圈装配简单，并且易于将定子线圈固定。
进一步地，前转子和/或后转子上的磁钢采用斜极式结构。
本发明所提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，前转子和/或后转子上的磁钢采用斜极式结构，使得转子在旋转的过程中，可充当离心风扇产生一定 的风量，从而加强对电机的冷却效果。
进一步地，定子支撑的周向底部上还设置有周向布置的散热筋。
本发明所提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，定子支撑的周向底部上设置有散热筋，在定子支撑两端的支撑柱将定子线圈产生的热量传导至定子支撑的底部之后，设置于底部的散热筋会进一步将热量传导至冷却空气，加强对定子线圈的冷却效果；此外，散热筋在定子支撑的周向底部沿周向布置，能够加强定子支撑的强度。
进一步地，周向底部上的散热筋沿不同半径的圆周布置有多排，由此能够提高对热量的传导能力，加强冷却效果。
进一步地，缠绕有定子线圈的定子铁心上还设置有U型热管；
U型热管，其一端沿轴向插入定子铁心，其另一端位于定子铁心的周向外表面且紧贴定子线圈。
本发明中，定子铁心上设置有U型热管，U型热管沿轴向插入定子铁心的一端可吸收定子铁心内部的热量，并传导至U型热管位于定子铁心周向外表面的一端进行散热，同时，U型热管位于定子铁心周向外表面的一端也可直接对与其紧贴的定子线圈进行散热，由此能够有效提高对定子铁心以及定子线圈的冷却效果。
进一步地，U型热管位于定子铁心的周向外表面的一端上，设置有多个沿轴向排列的外部散热片，由此能够加强U型热管位于定子铁心的周向外表面的一端的散热能力。
进一步地，U型热管沿轴向插入定子铁心的一端上，设置有多个径向排列的内部吸热片，由此能够加强U型热管沿轴向插入定子铁心的一端的吸热能力。
进一步地，定子铁心由软磁复合材料(SMC)制成，由此能够便于加工定子铁心上用于插入U型热管的插孔。
进一步地，定子铁心和U型热管通过一体成型加工而成，由此能够便 于加工定子铁心上用于插入U型热管的插孔，并有效减低软磁复合材料制成的定子铁心与U型热管之间的接触热阻，改善定子铁心散热。
进一步地，定子支撑的周向底部上，各通风口设置于轴向对称的两个支撑柱之间的轴向中间位置，由此能够便于冷却空气在定子线圈之间的流通，加强对定子线圈的散热效果。
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案，能够取得以下有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，连接前、后转子的机壳上具有倾斜设置的叶片，转子盘上设置有进风口，定子支撑上设置有通风口，从而在定子与转子间的气隙，以及定子线圈之间均形成冷却流道；工作时，在机壳的旋转作用下，冷却空气会通过位于转子盘上的进风口进入电机后，直接与磁钢、定子铁心以及定子线圈充分接触，能够对轴向磁通电机进行直接高效的冷却，有效提升电机的热性能。
(2)本发明所提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，前转子和/或后转子上的磁钢采用斜极式结构，能够加强对电机的冷却效果。
(3)本发明所提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，定子支撑的周向底部上设置有散热筋，能够加强对定子线圈的冷却效果，并加强定子支撑的强度。在本发明的优选方案中，周向底部上的散热筋沿不同半径的圆周布置有多排，由此能够提高对热量的传导能力，加强冷却效果。
(4)本发明所提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，定子铁心上设置有U型热管，能够将定子铁心内部的热量吸收后传导至外部散去，并对定子线圈进行散热，从而有效提高对定子铁心以及定子线圈的冷却效果。在本发明的优选方案中，U型热管位于定子铁心的周向外表面的一端上，设置有多个沿轴向排列的外部散热片，由此能够加强U型热管位于定子铁心的周向外表面的一端的散热能力；U型热管沿轴向插入定子铁心的一端上，设置有多个径向排列的内部吸热片，由此能够加强U型热管沿轴向插入定子 铁心的一端的吸热能力。
(5)本发明所提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，在其优选方案中，定子铁心由软磁复合材料(SMC)制成，由此能够便于加工定子铁心上用于插入U型热管的插孔；定子铁心和U型热管通过一体成型加工而成，由此能够便于加工定子铁心上用于插入U型热管的插孔，并有效减低软磁复合材料制成的定子铁心与U型热管之间的接触热阻，改善定子铁心散热。
(6)本发明所提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，将定子线圈缠绕于定子铁心后，将定子铁心嵌放到对应的定子槽中即可，定子线圈装配简单，并且易于将定子线圈固定。
(7)本发明所提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，通过机壳集成风扇叶片或转子斜极自通风实现对电机的风冷，简化了风冷电机的系统结构，减小了系统的体积、重量和成本。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明实施例提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机的三维爆炸图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机的纵截面图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的电机转子结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的机壳结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的定子支撑结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的定子线圈装配示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的U型热管示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的电机冷却空气流动路径示意图；
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或者结构，其中：
1为前转子，11为前转子的转子盘，12为前转子的转子铁心，13为前转子的磁钢，14为前轴承，15为前转子的磁钢压板，2为定子，21为定子支撑，211为支撑柱，212为散热筋，22为定子铁心，221为内部吸热片插孔，23为定子线圈，24为U型热管，241为外部散热片，242为内部吸热 片，25为固定螺钉，26为定子压条，3为后转子，31为后转子的转子盘，32为后转子的转子铁心，33为后转子的磁钢，34为后轴承，35为后转子的磁钢压板，4为机壳，41为叶片，5为进风口，6为第一冷却流道，7为第二冷却流道，8为第三冷却流道，9为出风口。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
在本发明中，本发明及附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
以下实施例所涉及的轴向磁通电机均为单定子双转子无轭电枢分离(YASA)结构的轴向磁通电机。
实施例1：
一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，如图1和图2所示，包括：依次同轴设置的前转子1、定子2和后转子3，定子2与两个转子之间分别形成空气气隙；如图3所示，前转子1包括转子盘11、转子铁心12和磁钢13，转子铁心12安装贴合在转子盘11上，磁钢13安装贴合在转子铁心12上，并且利用磁钢压板15固定；后转子3的结构与前转子1的结构类似，相应地，后转子3包括转子盘31、转子铁心32和磁钢33，转子铁心32安装贴合在转子盘31上，磁钢33安装贴合在转子铁心32上，并且利用磁钢压板固定；前转子1和后转子3与定子1分别依靠前轴承14和后轴承24进行支撑，便于进行旋转运动；其中，
前转子1和后转子3之间通过机壳4连接，以降低两个转子盘的偏心和变形；机壳4上具有倾斜设置的叶片41，机壳4的结构如图4所示，叶 片41的倾角可根据实际的电机结构和散热要求确定，以保证风量和效率；后转子3的转子盘31上设置有进风口5；
定子2的结构如图5和图6所示，包括定子支撑21、定子铁心22和定子线圈23；
定子支撑21的轴向两端对称设置有呈辐射状径向排布的多个支撑柱211，多个支撑柱211沿周向形成多个U型槽；两端支撑柱211通过周向底部连接，周向底部上设置有通风口，为便于冷却空气流通，作为一种可选的实施方式，本实施例中，各通风口设置于轴向对称的两个支撑柱之间的轴向中间位置；
定子铁心22设置有多个，定子线圈23缠绕于定子铁心22上，各缠绕有定子线圈23的定子铁心22分别嵌放在一个U型槽中；本实施例中，定子支撑21的特殊结构设计，使得将定子线圈23缠绕于定子铁心22后，将定子铁心22嵌放到对应的定子槽中即可，定子线圈23装配简单，并且易于将定子线圈23固定；可选地，本实施例采用采用固定螺钉25和定子压条26将定子线圈23和定子铁心22固定压紧；
本实施例提供的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，连接前、后转子的机壳4上具有倾斜设置的叶片41，后转子3的转子盘31上设置有进风口5，定子支撑21上设置有通风口，从而在定子与转子间的气隙，以及定子线圈之间均形成冷却流道；如图2所示，其中，后转子3与定子2的气隙中形成的冷却流道为第一冷却流道6，在定子线圈23之间的径向冷却流道为第二冷却流道7，在前转子1与定子2的气隙中形成的冷却流道为第三冷却流道8，机壳4上的叶片间隙同时构成出风口9；
工作时，在机壳4的旋转作用下，冷却空气会通过位于转子盘31上的进风口4进入电机；冷却空气进入电机后，分为三个部分；一部分冷却空气流经第一冷却流道6，对后转子3的磁钢33和定子铁心22表面进行冷却后，通过出风口9流出；一部分部分冷却空气流经第二冷却流道7，对定子 线圈23进行冷却后，通过出风口9流出；一部分冷却空气流经第第三冷却流道8，对前转子1的磁钢13和定子铁心22表面进行冷却后，通过出风口9流出；在冷却过程中，冷却空气直接与磁钢、定子铁心以及定子线圈充分接触，能够对轴向磁通电机进行直接高效的冷却，有效提升电机的热性能。
可选地，本实施例中，前转子1和/或后转子3上的磁钢采用斜极式结构，从而转子在旋转的过程中，可充当离心风扇产生一定的风量，加强对电机的冷却效果。
为了进一步加强冷却效果，作为一种可选的实施方式，如图5所示，定子支撑21的周向底部上还设置有周向布置的散热筋212，且周向底部上的散热筋212沿不同半径的圆周布置有多排；支撑柱211将定子线圈产生的热量传导至定子支撑的底部之后，设置于底部的散热筋212会进一步将热量传导至冷却空气，加强对定子线圈23的冷却效果；此外，散热筋212在定子支撑21的周向底部沿周向布置，能够加强定子支撑21的强度；设置多排散热筋，有助于提高对热量的传导能力，加强冷却效果。
为了进一步加强冷却效果，作为一种可选的实施方式，如图6和图7，缠绕有定子线圈的定子铁心上还设置有U型热管24；
U型热管24的一端沿轴向插入定子铁心22，以吸收定子铁心内部的热量，U型热管24的另一端位于定子铁心22的周向外表面且紧贴定子线圈23，以对定子铁心22和定子线圈23散热；
为了进一步加强U型热管24位于定子铁心22的周向外表面的一端的散热能力以及加强U型热管24沿轴向插入定子铁心22的一端的吸热能力，本实施例中，U型热管24位于定子铁心22的周向外表面的一端上，设置有多个沿轴向排列的外部散热片241，U型热管24沿轴向插入定子铁心22的一端上，设置有多个径向排列的内部吸热片242；
如图7所示，在定子铁心22上，设置有相应的内部吸热片插孔221；为了克服内部吸热片242复杂结构引起的内部吸热片插孔221加工困难的 问题，作为一种优选的实施方式，本实施例中，定子铁心22采用软磁复合材料(SMC)来制作，并且将U型热管24与SMC定子铁心一起直接成形制造，采用这种方式亦可有效减低SMC定子铁心与U型热管之间的接触热阻，改善定子铁心散热；
基于上述关于定子结构的优化设计，本实施例能够高效地降低绕组温升，提升电机的热性能，具体地，绕组线圈之间的冷却空气流动路径如图8所示。
本实施例所提出的轴向磁通电机风冷方法结构紧凑，与电机机械支撑部件和电磁结构深度融合，充分利用了电机内部的空间和各部件的功能复合能力，有效降低了电机的体积和重量。
实施例2：
一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，本实施例与上述实施例1类似，所不同之处在于，本实施例中，进风口设置于前转子上；
电机其余结构及工作原理，可参考上述实施例1中的描述，在此将不作复述。
实施例3：
一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，本实施例与上述实施例1类似，所不同之处在于，本实施例中，在前转子和后转子上均设置有进风口；
电机其余结构及工作原理，可参考上述实施例1中的描述，在此将不作复述。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，包括依次同轴设置的前转子、定子和后转子，定子与两个转子之间分别形成空气气隙，前转子和后转子均包括转子盘、转子铁心和磁钢，其特征在于，
    前转子和后转子之间通过机壳连接，机壳上具有倾斜设置的叶片；前转子和/或后转子的转子盘上设置有进风口；
    定子包括定子支撑、定子铁心和定子线圈；
    定子支撑的轴向两端对称设置有呈辐射状径向排布的多个支撑柱，多个支撑柱沿周向形成多个U型槽；两端支撑柱通过周向底部连接，周向底部上设置有通风口；
    定子铁心设置有多个，定子线圈缠绕于定子铁心上，各缠绕有定子线圈的定子铁心分别嵌放在一个U型槽中。
  2. 如权利要求1的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其特征在于，前转子和/或后转子上的磁钢采用斜极式结构。
  3. 如权利要求1或2的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其特征在于，定子支撑的周向底部上还设置有周向布置的散热筋。
  4. 如权利要求3的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其特征在于，周向底部上的散热筋沿不同半径的圆周布置有多排。
  5. 如权利要求1或2的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其特征在于，缠绕有定子线圈的定子铁心上还设置有U型热管；
    U型热管，其一端沿轴向插入定子铁心，其另一端位于定子铁心的周向外表面且紧贴定子线圈。
  6. 如权利要求5的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其特征在于，U型热管位于定子铁心的周向外表面的一端上，设置有多个沿轴向排列的外部散热片。
  7. 如权利要求5的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其特征在于，U型热管沿轴向插入定子铁心的一端上，设置有多个径向排列的内部吸热片。
  8. 如权利要求7的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其特征在于，定子铁心由软磁复合材料制成。
  9. 如权利要求8的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其特征在于，定子铁心和U型热管通过一体成型加工而成。
  10. 如权利要求1或2的集成式风冷轴向磁通电机，其特征在于，定子支撑的周向底部上，各通风口设置于轴向对称的两个支撑柱之间的轴向中间位置。
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