WO2022027657A1 - Réseau de pixels pour capteur d'image, capteur d'image et dispositif électronique - Google Patents

Réseau de pixels pour capteur d'image, capteur d'image et dispositif électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022027657A1
WO2022027657A1 PCT/CN2020/107969 CN2020107969W WO2022027657A1 WO 2022027657 A1 WO2022027657 A1 WO 2022027657A1 CN 2020107969 W CN2020107969 W CN 2020107969W WO 2022027657 A1 WO2022027657 A1 WO 2022027657A1
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Prior art keywords
pixel
pixels
image sensor
array
white
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PCT/CN2020/107969
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张玮
李顺展
王炳文
王磊
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深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司
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Priority to CN202080036875.0A priority Critical patent/CN114391248B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/107969 priority patent/WO2022027657A1/fr
Publication of WO2022027657A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022027657A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
    • H04N23/12—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with one sensor only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of semiconductor technology, and in particular, to a pixel array of an image sensor, an image sensor, and an electronic device.
  • Image sensors such as charge coupled device image sensors (Charge Coupled Device, referred to as: CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, referred to as: CMOS), use the photoelectric conversion function of photoelectric devices to convert optical images into Digital signal sensor, which is widely used in mobile terminals, digital products, security monitoring and other fields.
  • CCD Charge Coupled Device
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • photosensitive elements are used to collect images.
  • the core of the photosensitive elements of CCD or CMOS is a photodiode.
  • the photodiode generates an output current after receiving light irradiation, and the output analog signal is converted into a digital signal.
  • the signal is output after post-processing by the image processor; among them, each photosensitive element corresponds to a pixel in the image sensor. Since the photosensitive element can only sense the intensity of light and cannot capture color information, a color filter must be covered above the photosensitive element. The most common practice is to cover the RGB red, green and blue color filters.
  • a color pixel is composed of four pixels in a 1:2:1 configuration (that is, the red and blue filters cover one pixel respectively, and the remaining two pixels both cover the green filter).
  • the photosensitive area of the pixel is also limited, and the amount of light entering the image sensor is affected by the color filter, which will affect the performance of taking pictures in low-light environments.
  • the present application provides a pixel array of an image sensor, an image sensor and an electronic device, so as to improve the photographing performance of the image sensor in a low-light environment and improve the imaging quality of the image sensor.
  • the present application provides a pixel array of an image sensor, the pixel array includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array on a photosensitive surface, each pixel unit is arranged with a plurality of pixels in an array, and the plurality of pixels includes a plurality of A color pixel and at least one white pixel, the color pixel is used to transmit the light band corresponding to its own color, and the white pixel is used to transmit the visible light of the whole wavelength band.
  • each pixel unit includes a plurality of pixel groups arranged in an array, and the plurality of pixel groups include a first pixel group and a second pixel group adjacent in the row direction and a pixel group located in an adjacent row and a third pixel group and a fourth pixel group adjacent to the first pixel group and the second pixel group respectively in the column direction;
  • At least one of the first pixel group, the second pixel group, the third pixel group and the fourth pixel group has white pixels.
  • other color pixels except white pixels in each pixel group are the same color
  • the color pixels in the second pixel group and the third pixel group are the same color
  • the first pixel The color pixels in the group and the fourth pixel group are different in color and different from the second pixel group and the third pixel group.
  • the color pixels in the first pixel group are red pixels
  • the color pixels in the second pixel group and the third pixel group are green pixels
  • the color pixels in the fourth pixel group are blue pixels color pixels.
  • the white pixels are evenly spaced in a plurality of pixel units.
  • each pixel group includes only one pixel.
  • each pixel group includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, and each pixel group includes at least one white pixel.
  • the rows and columns of each pixel group are equal.
  • each pixel group includes four pixels, nine pixels or sixteen pixels.
  • each pixel group includes one white pixel, and white pixels in adjacent pixel groups have intervals.
  • each pixel group includes two white pixels, and the two white pixels are diagonally displaced.
  • the white pixels are located at the corners of the pixel groups, and the white pixels corresponding to adjacent pixel groups are arranged adjacently.
  • At least one pixel group includes four white pixels that are adjacent to each other in pairs.
  • the pixel array includes a filter layer, and the filter layer includes a red filter part, a green filter part, a blue filter part, a red filter part, a green filter part, a blue filter and white filter.
  • the pixel array further includes a micro-lens group, and the micro-lens group is disposed on the photosensitive side of the filter layer.
  • the micro-lens group includes a plurality of first lenses and a plurality of second lenses, and each of the first lenses covers each of the red pixels, the green pixels, the blue pixels, and the white pixels arranged at intervals, Each second lens covers two adjacent four white pixels.
  • the pixel array further includes a semiconductor substrate and a dielectric layer disposed on the semiconductor substrate, and the filter layer and the microlens group are sequentially stacked on the dielectric layer.
  • a photodiode is provided in the semiconductor substrate corresponding to each pixel.
  • an isolation portion is provided between adjacent pixels, and the isolation portion is used to prevent light leakage between adjacent pixels.
  • the pixel array includes an effective pixel area and a non-photosensitive area located at the periphery of the effective pixel area, and a plurality of pixel units uniformly cover the effective pixel area.
  • the present application provides an image sensor, the image sensor includes a readout circuit, an image processor, an output interface, and the pixel array of the image sensor described in any of the above, the pixel array, the readout circuit, and the image processor be electrically connected to the output interface in sequence;
  • the readout circuit is used to convert the analog signal collected by the pixel array into a digital signal
  • the image processor is used to process the digital signal
  • the output interface is used to output the processed digital signal.
  • the image processor is configured to output the digital signal of each pixel unit of the pixel array as a color pixel signal and a white pixel signal;
  • the processing modes of the image processor for digital signals include full resolution mode and high sensitivity mode, wherein the full resolution mode is used to output each pixel signal in each pixel unit independently, and the high sensitivity mode is used to output each pixel signal.
  • the pixel signals of the same color in the pixel unit are combined and output.
  • the present application provides an electronic device including the image sensor as described above.
  • the pixel array of the image sensor is composed of a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array on its photosensitive surface, and a plurality of pixels arranged in an array in each pixel unit At least one white pixel is set in the image sensor, and the white pixel can transmit visible light in the whole band. Therefore, by setting the white pixel, the amount of light entering the pixel array can be increased, especially when the image sensor is in a low-light environment. Setting white pixels increases the amount of light entering the pixel array, and at the same time improves the focusing performance of the pixel array, thereby improving the photographing performance of the image sensor in a low-light environment, and improving the imaging quality of the sensor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a pixel unit in a pixel array in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of a pixel unit in another pixel array in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic layout diagram of a pixel unit in a third type of pixel array in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of a pixel unit in a fourth pixel array in the prior art
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic layout diagram of a pixel unit of a pixel array according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • 6a-6d are schematic layout diagrams of pixel units in another pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIGS. 7a-7c are schematic layout diagrams of pixel units in a third pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIGS. 8a-8c are schematic layout diagrams of pixel units in a fourth pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a pixel array according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 9b is a schematic partial structure diagram of another pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan layout diagram of a pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an image sensor according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • 12a is a schematic diagram of signal processing in a full resolution mode of an image processor according to Embodiment 2 of the present application;
  • Fig. 12b is a schematic diagram of signal processing in the high sensitivity mode of the image processor provided in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • A-effective pixel area A-effective pixel area; B-non-photosensitive area;
  • 100-image sensor 110-pixel array; 120-readout circuit; 130-image processor; 140-output interface; 150-system control unit; 160-power management unit.
  • Bayer Color Filter Array (Bayer Color Filter Array, referred to as Bayer Array) is usually used to acquire color images.
  • the Bayer array sets different colors on one filter, that is, the filters of different colors are concentrated on one filter, and the filter has filter parts of different colors.
  • the filter array is arranged.
  • the photosensitive area of the pixel array is usually limited. Especially in low-light environments, the amount of light entering the image sensor is affected by the Bayer array, which affects the photographing performance of the image sensor. The focus and resolution of the image sensor affect the imaging quality of the image sensor.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a pixel array of an image sensor, an image sensor, and an electronic device, so as to improve the photographing performance of the image sensor in a low-light environment and improve the imaging quality of the image sensor.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic layout diagram of a pixel unit in a pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application
  • FIGS. 6a-6d are schematic layout diagrams of pixel units in another pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application
  • FIGS. 7a- 7c is a schematic layout diagram of a pixel unit in a third type of pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application
  • FIGS. 8a-8c are schematic layout diagrams of a pixel unit in a fourth type of pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application
  • FIG. 9b is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another pixel array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the pixel array of the image sensor (hereinafter referred to as the pixel array) provided by this embodiment includes a plurality of pixel units 1 arranged in an array on the photosensitive surface.
  • a plurality of pixels are arranged in the array, and the plurality of pixels include a plurality of color pixels and at least one white pixel 114.
  • the color pixels are used to transmit light bands corresponding to their own colors, and the white pixels 114 are used to transmit visible light in all wavelength bands.
  • the pixel array of this embodiment includes a plurality of pixel units 1 , and the plurality of pixel units 1 are arranged in a matrix.
  • the pixel unit 1 can be used as a basic photosensitive unit in a pixel array, and a plurality of pixel units 1 arranged in a matrix form a photosensitive surface of the pixel array, and color images are collected through the plurality of pixel units 1 .
  • the pixel unit 1 may be the smallest repeating unit in a pixel array, and the pixel array is composed of a plurality of repeating pixel units 1 arranged in a matrix.
  • the matrix constituting the pixel array includes a plurality of pixel units 1 of M (positive integer greater than or equal to 2) rows and N (positive integers greater than or equal to 2) columns.
  • each pixel unit 1 includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array.
  • the plurality of pixels include a plurality of color pixels, and the color pixels may specifically include pixels of different colors.
  • the corresponding color pixels can transmit light bands corresponding to their own colors.
  • the red pixel 111 is used to transmit red light
  • the green pixel 112 is used to transmit green light.
  • the color pixels Since the color pixels only transmit light corresponding to their own color, the light input of the color pixels in the pixel unit 1 is relatively low, especially in a low-light environment, the light input of the pixel array composed of only color pixels will be affected. If it is larger, this will reduce the performance of the pixel array such as the resolution and focusing function, and then affect the photographing performance of the image sensor, and the resolution and sharpness of the image sensor will be lower.
  • each pixel unit 1 has at least one white pixel 114 , and the white pixel 114 can transmit visible light in the full wavelength band, which can increase the amount of light entering the pixel unit 1 , especially in a low-light environment It can compensate the brightness collected by the pixel array, improve the photosensitive ability of the pixel array, enhance its resolution and focusing function and other performance, thereby improving the photographing performance of the image sensor, so that the color image obtained by the image sensor has higher quality.
  • each pixel unit 1 may include a plurality of pixel groups 11, and the plurality of pixel groups 11 may include a first pixel group 11a and a second pixel group 11b that are adjacent in the row direction, and The third pixel group 11c and the fourth pixel group 11d which are adjacent to the first pixel group 11a and the second pixel group 11b in the column direction are adjacent to each other.
  • each pixel unit 1 is composed of a plurality of pixel groups 11, and the plurality of pixel groups 11 are arranged in an array.
  • each pixel unit 1 includes a first pixel group 11a, a second pixel group 11b, a third pixel group 11c and a fourth pixel group 11d, and the four pixel groups 11 may include the same number of pixels, and the The arrangement of the four pixel groups 11 is the same.
  • the first pixel group 11a and the second pixel group 11b are located in the same row and adjacent, and the third pixel group 11c and the fourth pixel group 11d are adjacent and arranged adjacent to the first pixel group 11a and the second pixel group 11b row, the first pixel group 11a and the third pixel group 11c are located in the same column, the second pixel group 11b and the fourth pixel group 11d are displaced in the same column, that is, the first pixel group 11a and the fourth pixel group 11d are arranged on top of each other.
  • the second pixel group 11b and the third pixel group 11c are disposed on top of each other.
  • the first pixel group 11a, the second pixel group 11b, the third pixel group 11c and the fourth pixel group 11d arranged in rows and columns constitute one pixel unit 1, and a plurality of pixel units 1 arranged in an array constitute the entire pixel array.
  • at least one pixel is a white pixel 114 .
  • other color pixels except the white pixel 114 in each pixel group 11 are of the same color, and the color pixels in the second pixel group 11b and the third pixel group 11c have the same color, and the first pixel group 11c has the same color.
  • the color pixels in the pixel group 11a and the fourth pixel group 11d are different in color and different from the second pixel group 11b and the third pixel group 11c.
  • the pixel group 11 is the basic structural unit of the pixel unit 1.
  • the pixels in each pixel group 11 are pixels of the same color, and the colors of the pixels in the adjacent pixel groups 11 may be the same or different. .
  • the color pixels in the second pixel group 11b and the third pixel group 11c arranged opposite to each other have the same color
  • the other first pixel group 11a and the fourth pixel group 11d arranged opposite to each other have the same color
  • the colors of the pixels are different, and the colors of the color pixels in the first pixel group 11a and the fourth pixel group 11d are different from the colors of the color pixels in the second pixel group 11b and the third pixel group 11c.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a pixel unit in a pixel array in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of a pixel unit in another pixel array in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a third type of pixel in the prior art. Schematic diagram of the layout of the pixel units in the array
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the pixel units in the fourth type of pixel array in the prior art.
  • Unit 1 needs to set pixels capable of collecting three colors of R, G, and B corresponding to the colors, ie, red pixels 111 , green pixels 112 and blue pixels 113 .
  • the number of green pixels 112 set in the pixel unit 1 may be more than the number of red pixels 111 and blue pixels 113 .
  • the number of green pixels 112 may be roughly the sum of the numbers of red pixels 111 and blue pixels 113, that is, the color pixels in the first pixel group 11a may be red pixels 111, which are arranged on top of the first pixel group 11a.
  • the color pixels in the fourth pixel group 11 d may be blue pixels 113
  • the color pixels in the second pixel group 11 b and the third pixel group 11 c disposed on top of each other may be green pixels 112 .
  • the red pixels 111 in the pixel unit 1 are used to transmit red light
  • the green pixels 112 are used to transmit green light
  • the blue pixels 113 are used to transmit blue light.
  • filters corresponding to the pixel colors can be set. to transmit light of the corresponding color.
  • the red filter is used to transmit red light
  • the green filter is used to transmit green light
  • the blue filter is used to transmit blue light.
  • the pixel array can be set as a Bayer Color Filter Array (Bayer Color Filter Array, referred to as: Bayer Array).
  • the Bayer array is to set different colors on a filter, for example, set three colors of R, G, B, and these three colors correspond to the color pixels of the corresponding colors, which can improve the production efficiency of the pixel array, reduce the production cost and Different colored parts of the filter can better align the pixels of the corresponding color.
  • the pixel array of this embodiment can be improved by improving the Bayer array to increase the amount of light entering the pixel array, thereby improving the photographing performance of the image sensor in a low-light environment, and improving the imaging quality of the image sensor. .
  • the white part corresponds to the white pixel 114, that is, the original R, G, B replaces at least one of the three colors with white (W).
  • the layout form in which the green pixels 112 are roughly the sum of the red pixels 111 and the blue pixels 113 can still be maintained, so as to satisfy the sensitivity of human eyes to different colors. need.
  • the white pixels 114 may be uniformly arranged in the plurality of pixel units 1 .
  • the white pixels 114 can be evenly spaced in the pixel array, so that the light entering the pixel array as a whole is relatively uniform, which can improve the uniformity of the imaging of the image sensor, thereby improving the imaging of the image sensor. quality.
  • FIG. 1 is a layout structure of a classic Bayer array, with R, G, and B as the basic colors, and consists of a red pixel 111, a blue pixel 113 and two opposite each other.
  • the green pixels 112 constitute one pixel unit 1 .
  • each pixel unit 1 of the pixel array includes only one pixel, and the pixel The unit 1 consists of four pixels arranged in an array. Among the four pixels constituting the pixel unit 1 , at least one pixel is a white pixel 114 .
  • the pixel unit 1 may have various layout forms, for example, the pixel unit 1 may be composed of four pixels of R, G, B, W, or composed of R, G and two W, Or it is composed of R, B and two Ws, or it is composed of G, B and two Ws, or it is composed of any one pixel of R, G, B and three Ws in different forms; wherein, for the white pixel 114 in the The position in the pixel unit 1 is not specifically limited.
  • each color area includes a plurality of pixels of the color arranged in the array.
  • a high-resolution pixel array can be formed, and at the same time, the pixel array also has the performance of high sensitivity and low noise in the dark state.
  • each color area is composed of 4 pixel arrays; as shown in Figure 3, each color area is composed of 9 pixel arrays; 4, each color area is composed of 16 pixel arrays. It can be understood that each color region may also be formed by arranging and combining more pixel arrays, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • each pixel group 11 constituting each pixel unit 1 in this embodiment It may also include a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, and the plurality of pixels in each pixel group 11 include at least one white pixel 114 , so as to increase the amount of light entering each pixel unit 1 by arranging the white pixel 114 .
  • each pixel group 11 may include four pixels, and the four pixels are arranged in two rows and two columns. That is, four pixels are combined into one pixel group 11 , wherein the four pixels in each pixel group 11 include at least one white pixel 114 .
  • each pixel group 11 may include one white pixel 114, and the white pixels 114 in adjacent pixel groups 11 are spaced apart from each other, in order to improve the distribution uniformity of the white pixels 114.
  • the white pixels 114 may be located at the corners of each pixel group 11 in the same direction, for example, the white pixels 114 are located in the lower right corner of each pixel group 11 . In such a pixel unit 1, the number of white pixels 114 is 25% of the total number of pixels.
  • each pixel group 11 may include two white pixels 114 , and the two white pixels 114 are diagonally displaced. Taking the paper direction shown in FIG. 6b as an example, two white pixels 114 may be located at the upper left corner and the lower right corner of each pixel group 11, respectively; or, two white pixels 114 may be located at the upper right corner of each pixel group 11, respectively corner and lower left corner. In such a pixel unit 1, the number of white pixels 114 is 50% of the total number of pixels.
  • four pixels in one pixel group 11 may all be white pixels 114, and the four white pixels 114 are adjacent to each other.
  • the setting is equivalent to forming a four-in-one white pixel group.
  • each pixel group 11 may include one white pixel 114, and the white pixels 114 in the four pixel groups 11 are arranged adjacently. Taking one pixel group 11 as an example, the white pixels 114 are located at the corners of the pixel group 11 adjacent to other pixel groups 11 , so four white pixels 114 are also equivalent to forming a four-in-one white pixel group.
  • the number of white pixels 114 is 25% of the total number of pixels.
  • each pixel group 11 may include nine pixels, and the nine pixels are arranged in three rows and three columns. That is, nine pixels are combined into one pixel group 11 , wherein the nine pixels in each pixel group 11 include at least one white pixel 114 .
  • each pixel group 11 includes one white pixel 114, and the white pixel 114 is located at the corner of the pixel group 11, and the white pixels 114 corresponding to adjacent pixel groups 11 are arranged adjacently.
  • the four white pixels 114 can be equivalent to forming a four-in-one white pixel group.
  • the number of white pixels 114 is 1/9 of the total number of pixels.
  • each pixel group 11 includes two white pixels 114 , and the two white pixels 114 are respectively arranged at two opposite corners of the pixel group 11 , and the adjacent four pixel groups 11 are The corresponding white pixels 114 are arranged adjacently, and the four adjacent pixel groups 11 located at the corners of the adjacent four pixel groups 11 may be equivalent to forming a four-in-one white pixel group.
  • the number of white pixels 114 is 2/9 of the total number of pixels.
  • At least one pixel group 11 may include four white pixels 114 that are adjacent to each other in pairs.
  • each pixel group 11 includes four white pixels 114 that are adjacent to each other.
  • the four white pixels 114 in each pixel group 11 are located on the right lower corner. In such a pixel unit 1, the number of white pixels 114 is 4/9 of the total number of pixels.
  • each pixel group 11 may include sixteen pixels, and the sixteen pixels are arranged in four rows and four columns. That is, sixteen pixels are combined into one pixel group 11 , wherein the sixteen pixels in each pixel group 11 include at least one white pixel 114 .
  • each pixel group 11 includes four white pixels 114 that are adjacent to each other.
  • the number of white pixels 114 is 1/4 of the total number of pixels; as shown in FIG. 8b , one white pixel 114 is disposed at each of the four corners of each pixel group 11 , and the opposite corners of the adjacent four pixel groups 11 form four white pixels 114 adjacent to each other.
  • the number of white pixels 114 is 1/4 of the total number of pixels; as shown in FIG.
  • each pixel group 11 includes four white pixels 114 adjacent to each other, and the adjacent pixel groups 11 are formed
  • the number of the white pixels 114 is 4/9 of the total number of pixels.
  • each pixel group 11 in the pixel unit 1 including at most sixteen pixels arranged in four rows and four columns as an example, by designing the number and position of the white pixels 114 in each pixel unit 1, one pixel In unit 1, the ratio of the number of white pixels 114 to the total number of pixels may be between 1/16-15/16, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • the light input amount of each pixel unit 1 is increased, thereby increasing the light input amount of the pixel array. For example, by setting 25% white pixels 114 in pixel unit 1, the light input of the entire image sensor will be increased by about 30%; by setting 50% white pixels 114 in pixel unit 1, the light input of the entire image sensor will be increased 60% or so.
  • FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a pixel array according to Embodiment 1 of the present application
  • FIG. 9b is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another pixel array according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the pixel array may further include a filter layer 2, and the filter layer 2 may include a filter layer 2 corresponding to the red pixel 111, the green pixel 112, the blue pixel 113 and the white pixel 114, respectively. Red filter part 21 , green filter part 22 , blue filter part 23 and white filter part 24 .
  • the pixel array can use an integral filter layer 2 similar to the Bayer array.
  • the filter layer 2 is provided with filter parts of different colors, and the red pixels 111 and the green pixels 112 are distributed on the filter layer 2 .
  • the filter part on the filter layer 2 includes a red filter part 21 , a green filter part 22 , a blue filter part 23 and a white filter part 24 .
  • the red filter part 21 is used to transmit red light
  • the green filter part 22 is used to transmit green light
  • the blue filter part 23 is used to transmit blue light
  • the white filter part 24 is used to transmit all wavelengths of light. visible light.
  • the pixel array may further include a microlens group 3, and the microlens group 3 is arranged on the photosensitive side of the filter layer 2.
  • the microlens group 3 is arranged on the photosensitive side of the filter layer 2.
  • the light entering the pixel array enters the filter layer 2 after passing through the microlens group 3 .
  • the light is concentrated by the microlens group 3, which can increase the amount of light entering the pixel array and increase the brightness, thereby improving the utilization rate of the incident light by the array substrate, and the output is relatively high. High quality color images.
  • a microlens refers to a lens with a small size, and usually refers to a lens with a diameter of a micrometer or even a nanometer, so that the microlens matches the size of each pixel in the pixel unit 1 .
  • the micro-lens group 3 may specifically include a plurality of first lenses 31 and a plurality of second lenses 32 , and each of the first lenses 31 covers each of the red pixels 111 , the green pixels 112 , and the blue pixels 113 As well as the white pixels 114 arranged at intervals, each of the second lenses 32 covers the four white pixels 114 that are adjacent to each other in pairs.
  • the first lens 31 is used to cover the filter part of the corresponding color, and each pixel above Both cover one first lens 31, that is, the first lens 31 corresponds to a single pixel, and the size of the first lens 31 corresponds to the size of a single pixel.
  • the white filter portion 24 corresponding to such white pixels 114 also covers the first lens 31, that is, the first lens 31 covers a separate Set the white pixel to 114.
  • the four white pixels 114 can be covered by the second lens 32, that is, by A second lens 32 covers the entire four white pixels 114 .
  • the four white pixels 114 covered by the second lens 32 because the second lens 32 completely covers the center of the four white pixels 114, and there is no uncovered area at the opposite corners of the four white pixels 114, so the second lens The effect of 32's concentrated light is better.
  • the amount of incoming light can be further increased by about 10%.
  • this embodiment is not limited to setting four adjacent white pixels 114 in pairs, but also can set adjacent nine white pixels 114 in three rows and three columns or sixteen adjacent white pixels 114 in four rows and four columns, etc.
  • the layout structure by arranging a lens whose size matches the entire area of the adjacent white pixels 114 , the light input amount of the pixel array is further increased, which will not be repeated here.
  • the pixel array may further include a semiconductor substrate 4 and a dielectric layer 5 disposed on the semiconductor substrate 4, and the filter layer 2 and the microlens group 3 are sequentially stacked on the dielectric layer 5 Above; wherein, a photodiode 41 is provided in the semiconductor substrate 4 corresponding to each pixel.
  • the semiconductor substrate 4 serves as the basic carrying structure of the pixel array, and the rest of the components of the pixel array are arranged on the semiconductor substrate 4 .
  • the semiconductor substrate 4 is provided with a photodiode 41, and each pixel of the photodiode 41 is correspondingly arranged.
  • the photodiode 41 can generate an output current after receiving light irradiation.
  • the intensity of the current corresponds to the intensity of the light, and the photodiode 41 outputs an electrical signal.
  • the dielectric layer 5 is disposed on the semiconductor substrate 4, that is, the dielectric layer 5 is located between the microlens group 3 and the semiconductor substrate 4.
  • the dielectric layer 5 is mainly used to maintain the gate capacitance of the photodiode 41, and the dielectric layer 5 also has a noise reduction effect. .
  • each pixel is used to transmit light corresponding to its color, and adjacent pixels may have different colors and transmit light of different colors
  • the adjacent two pixels are the red pixel 111 and the blue pixel 113 as an example
  • the red pixel 111 is used to transmit red light
  • the blue pixel 113 is used to transmit blue light.
  • an isolation portion 6 may be provided between adjacent pixels.
  • the isolation part 6 By arranging the isolation part 6 between adjacent pixels, the isolation part 6 can prevent the light entering a certain pixel from leaking to the adjacent pixels, which can ensure that each pixel has good filter performance, thereby improving the imaging quality of the image sensor .
  • the isolation portion 6 may be made of a semiconductor material, and the isolation portion 6 may be provided in the filter layer 2 and the semiconductor substrate 4 between adjacent pixels; wherein the isolation portion 6 in the filter layer 2 and the semiconductor substrate
  • the material of the spacer 6 in 4 may be the same or different.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan layout diagram of a pixel array according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the pixel array may include an effective pixel area A and a non-photosensitive area B located at the periphery of the effective pixel area A, and a plurality of pixel units 1 cover the effective pixel area A uniformly.
  • the pixel array includes an effective pixel area A and a non-photosensitive area B.
  • the effective pixel area A is an area that can receive light and display a color image.
  • the non-sensitive area B is an area surrounding the effective pixel area A, that is, the non-sensitive area B is located in the pixel.
  • the edge area of the array, the non-photosensitive area B is the area that cannot be exposed to light and cannot display an image.
  • each pixel unit 1 is evenly distributed in the effective pixel area A, and covers the entire effective pixel area A.
  • the white pixel can be Through the visible light of the whole band, the light input of the pixel array can be increased by setting white pixels, especially when the image sensor is in a low light environment, the light input has a significant enhancement effect.
  • the focusing performance of the pixel array can also be improved, thereby improving the photographing performance of the image sensor in a low-light environment, and improving the imaging quality of the sensor.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an image sensor according to Embodiment 2 of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11 , this embodiment provides an image sensor 100 .
  • the image sensor includes a readout circuit 120 , an image processor 130 , an output interface 140 , and the pixel array 110 described in Embodiment 1.
  • the pixel array 110 , a readout The circuit 120, the image processor 130 and the output interface 140 are electrically connected in sequence; the readout circuit 120 is used to convert the analog signal collected by the pixel array 110 into a digital signal, the image processor 130 is used to process the digital signal, and the output interface 140 is used to output the processed digital signal.
  • the light collection signal is firstly received through the pixel array 110, and the current output signal is generated by the photodiode in the pixel array 110.
  • the electrical signal output by the photodiode is an analog signal, and then passed through the readout circuit.
  • 120 converts the analog signal into a corresponding digital signal, and then processes the digital signal by the image processor 130, for example, the image processor 130 performs linear correction, noise removal, dead pixel removal, interpolation, white balance and automatic on the digital signal. Exposure and other processing; after the digital signal is processed by the image processor 130 , it is output through the output interface 140 .
  • the image sensor 100 further includes a system control unit 150 and a power management unit 160 , the system control unit 150 performs system control on the image sensor 100 , and the power management unit 160 controls the working voltage and working current of the image sensor 100 , etc. parameter.
  • FIG. 12a is a schematic diagram of signal processing in the full resolution mode of the image processor 130 according to the second embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 12b is a schematic diagram of signal processing in the high sensitivity mode of the image processor 130 according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • the image processor 130 is configured to output the digital signal of each pixel unit of the pixel array 110 as a color pixel signal and a white pixel signal.
  • the processing mode of the digital signal by the image processor 130 may include a full resolution mode and a high sensitivity mode, wherein the full resolution mode is used for each Each pixel signal in the pixel unit is output separately, and the high-sensitivity mode is used to combine the pixel signals of the same color in each pixel unit for output.
  • a higher resolution image signal can be obtained by separately processing each pixel signal in the pixel unit.
  • the white pixel array 110 processes the data of the RGB pixels through the main control image processing unit at the back end.
  • the high-sensitivity mode can obtain image signals with stronger sensitivity by combining and outputting pixels of the same color.
  • this embodiment provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes the image sensor described in the second embodiment.
  • the electronic device may specifically be a smart phone, a camera, a tablet computer, and other mobile devices with an imaging function.
  • the pixel array in the image sensor of the electronic device is designed, and at least one white pixel is arranged in the plurality of pixels arranged in the array in each pixel unit of the pixel array, and the white pixel can transmit visible light in the whole waveband, Therefore, by setting white pixels, the light input of the pixel array can be increased, especially when the image sensor is in a low-light environment, the light input has a significant enhancement effect.
  • By setting white pixels to increase the light input of the pixel array it can also improve the pixel array.
  • the focusing performance of the image sensor can be improved, and the photographing performance of the image sensor in low light environment can be improved, and the imaging quality of the sensor can be improved.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un réseau de pixels pour capteur d'image, un capteur d'image et un dispositif électronique. Dans le réseau de pixels pour capteur d'image, une surface photosensible comprend une pluralité d'unités de pixel agencées en réseau; chaque unité de pixel comprend une pluralité de pixels agencés en réseau; la pluralité de pixels comprenant une pluralité de pixels de couleur et au moins un pixel blanc; les pixels de couleur sont utilisés pour transmettre des bandes de longueur d'onde de lumière correspondant à leurs propres couleurs; le pixel blanc est utilisé pour transmettre une lumière visible dans une bande de longueur d'onde entière. Le réseau de pixels pour capteur d'image selon la présente invention peut améliorer les performances photographiques d'un capteur d'image dans un environnement à faible lumière, et améliorer la qualité d'imagerie du capteur d'image.
PCT/CN2020/107969 2020-08-07 2020-08-07 Réseau de pixels pour capteur d'image, capteur d'image et dispositif électronique WO2022027657A1 (fr)

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CN202080036875.0A CN114391248B (zh) 2020-08-07 2020-08-07 图像传感器的像素阵列、图像传感器及电子装置
PCT/CN2020/107969 WO2022027657A1 (fr) 2020-08-07 2020-08-07 Réseau de pixels pour capteur d'image, capteur d'image et dispositif électronique

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CN105430362A (zh) * 2015-12-18 2016-03-23 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 成像方法、成像装置及电子装置
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