WO2022022246A1 - 一种显示装置和电子设备 - Google Patents

一种显示装置和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022022246A1
WO2022022246A1 PCT/CN2021/104887 CN2021104887W WO2022022246A1 WO 2022022246 A1 WO2022022246 A1 WO 2022022246A1 CN 2021104887 W CN2021104887 W CN 2021104887W WO 2022022246 A1 WO2022022246 A1 WO 2022022246A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarized light
substrate
dimming
polarizer
light
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PCT/CN2021/104887
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张译文
赵晨项
刘康仲
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010800927.9A external-priority patent/CN114063348A/zh
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21849392.2A priority Critical patent/EP4180865A4/en
Priority to JP2023506318A priority patent/JP2023535519A/ja
Publication of WO2022022246A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022022246A1/zh
Priority to US18/158,000 priority patent/US11868008B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133626—Illuminating devices providing two modes of illumination, e.g. day-night
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0056—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G02F1/13312—Circuits comprising photodetectors for purposes other than feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133368—Cells having two substrates with different characteristics, e.g. different thickness or material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133601—Illuminating devices for spatial active dimming
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G02F1/13471—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G02F1/13318—Circuits comprising a photodetector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/13338—Input devices, e.g. touch panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133603—Direct backlight with LEDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular, to a display device and electronic equipment.
  • liquid crystal displays With the wide application of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), the usage scenarios of liquid crystal displays are becoming more and more diverse. In different usage scenarios, users have different needs for the display effect of liquid crystal displays. For example, in some usage scenarios, the liquid crystal display needs to have a high contrast performance, that is, the ratio of the brightness of the liquid crystal display in a full white screen state to a full black screen state.
  • the contrast ratio of some liquid crystal displays can only reach the performance of 1500.
  • some manufacturers In order to improve the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display, some manufacturers have begun to improve the backlight module in the liquid crystal display.
  • the backlight module can be arranged on the back of the liquid crystal display panel, and the number of light sources used in the backlight module can be increased, so that the backlight module can adjust the brightness of some areas according to the content of the display screen.
  • the number of light sources configured in the backlight module is low, it is impossible to achieve high-precision brightness and dark adjustment, and therefore, the display effect of the liquid crystal display will be affected.
  • the manufacturing cost and the overall weight of the liquid crystal display will be significantly increased.
  • the present application provides a display device and electronic equipment that are beneficial to improve the display effect of a display panel and are easy to manufacture.
  • the present application provides a display device including a backlight assembly, a dimming assembly, a display panel and a first polarizer.
  • the backlight assembly is used to generate polarized light, so that the display panel can be provided with a light source for displaying images.
  • the dimming assembly is disposed on one side of the backlight assembly, and is used for deflecting or not deflecting the polarized light generated by the backlight assembly.
  • the first polarizer is arranged between the dimming component and the display panel, and is used to transmit polarized light in the same direction as its own vibration transmission. In the display device provided by the present application, the polarized light generated by the backlight assembly must first pass through the dimming assembly.
  • the polarized light can maintain the original vibration direction directly. reveal.
  • the polarized light can be deflected by the dimming component and then transmitted.
  • the polarized light after the dimming component passes through the first polarizer if the vibration direction of the polarized light is consistent with the transmission direction of the first polarizer, the polarized light can be transmitted.
  • the display panel can receive the light intensity. higher light, so that it can display a picture with a good bright state effect. If the vibration direction of the polarized light and the transmission direction of the first polarizer are perpendicular to each other, the polarized light cannot be transmitted. At this time, the display panel cannot receive effective light, so that a picture with a good black state effect can be displayed.
  • the dimming component may include a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer and a driving circuit.
  • the first substrate is arranged opposite to the second substrate, and the liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; the driving circuit is arranged on the first substrate for driving the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer to deflect to polarize The vibration direction of the light is deflected.
  • the driving circuit may include thin film transistors, storage capacitors, and the like. It can be understood that the fact that the driving circuit is arranged on the first substrate and/or the second substrate means that the driving circuit may be arranged on the first substrate or the second substrate, or may be arranged on the first substrate and the second substrate at the same time.
  • the first substrate and the second substrate may be fabricated using soft materials.
  • the first substrate and the second substrate can be made of transparent polyimide (CPI), so as to effectively prevent phenomena such as moiré, and at the same time, the weight of the dimming component can also be effectively reduced.
  • CPI transparent polyimide
  • the first substrate and the second substrate can also be made of glass, polyimide (PI), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC), polycarbonate ( polycarbonate, PC), polyester resin (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) or materials with low optical phase retardation (such as Rth ⁇ 300nm).
  • first substrate and the second substrate can be made of the same material or different materials.
  • the first substrate and the second substrate may be made of materials with different refractive indices, so as to improve the light transmittance of the dimming component.
  • the surface of the first substrate can also be atomized; for example, protrusions and grooves can be provided on the surface of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer to improve the light transmittance of the dimming component, and at the same time Effectively prevent moiré and other phenomena.
  • an anti-reflection film may also be provided on the surface of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, so as to improve the light transmittance of the dimming component.
  • any one of protrusions, grooves or anti-reflection films may be provided on the surface of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer (the upper surface in the figure).
  • the above-mentioned protrusions, grooves or anti-reflection films may also be provided on both the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • a diffusion film may also be arranged between the display panel and the dimming component.
  • the diffuser film can improve the field angle distribution of polarized light, and at the same time can effectively maintain the original vibration direction of polarized light.
  • the diffusion film can increase the viewing angle of polarized light by 10° or more, and can maintain the vibration direction of polarized light by 90% or more.
  • the diffusion film may be disposed between the first polarizer and the first substrate, or may be disposed between the first polarizer and the fourth substrate.
  • the diffusion film can be made of materials such as polycarbonate and polyimide, and the thickness of the diffusion film can be adjusted adaptively according to the actual situation. This application does not limit this.
  • photoelectric elements are also provided in the dimming component.
  • an external light source such as an infrared laser pointer used by a user
  • the external light source will pass through the display panel and the first polarizer, and be transmitted through the dimming component.
  • the photoelectric element senses the external light source, it can determine the specific irradiation position of the external light source, so as to realize the purpose of human-computer interaction.
  • one photoelectric element or more than one photoelectric element may be configured in each light adjustment unit of the light adjustment assembly, so as to effectively improve the accuracy of the irradiation position of the external light source.
  • the optoelectronic element may be disposed on the first substrate or the second substrate, or may be disposed on both the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • the photoelectric element can be a photoresistor, a photodiode, a photosensitive three-laser, and the like.
  • the display panel may include a panel body and a second polarizer; wherein the panel body includes a third substrate, a fourth substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a color filter and a driving circuit.
  • the third substrate is arranged opposite to the fourth substrate, and the liquid crystal layer is arranged between the third substrate and the fourth substrate; the driving circuit is arranged on the third substrate for driving the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, so as to polarize the The vibration direction of the light is deflected.
  • the driving circuit may include thin film transistors, storage capacitors, and the like. It can be understood that the driving circuit may be provided on the third substrate or the fourth substrate, or may be provided on the third substrate and the fourth substrate at the same time.
  • the color filter is arranged on the third substrate, and when the polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer, the light is filtered by the color filter, so that the display panel displays a color picture.
  • the color filter can also be arranged on the fourth substrate.
  • the second polarizer is arranged on the plate surface of the third substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, and is used to transmit polarized light consistent with its vibration-transmitting direction.
  • a plurality of pixel units may be provided.
  • the number of pixel units equipped can be adaptively selected and adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the number of pixel units can be equipped with 1920*1080.
  • the dimming component in order to enable the dimming component to effectively control the amount of light entering each pixel unit, the dimming component can also be equipped with 1920*1080 dimming units. That is, a plurality of dimming units are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of pixel units, and each dimming unit can actively adjust the light transmitted to the corresponding pixel unit, so as to effectively control the light input amount of the pixel unit.
  • the number of dimming units may be smaller than the number of pixel units. That is, a single dimming unit can also be configured corresponding to multiple pixel units. Alternatively, it can be understood that, in an area corresponding to a single dimming unit, multiple pixel units may be configured, so that a single dimming unit can effectively control the light input amount of the corresponding multiple pixel units.
  • the dimming component can also homogenize the light of the backlight component, so as to improve the display effect of the display device.
  • a plurality of backlight units may be configured in the backlight assembly, and each backlight unit may be configured with at least one point light source.
  • the number of backlight units may be smaller than the number of dimming units configured. Since the light emission of the point light source is non-uniform, that is, the light intensity at the center of the point light source is high, while the light intensity in the surrounding area of the point light source is weak.
  • the dimming component can perform different deflection treatments on the polarized light in the area with strong light and the area with weak light, so that the polarized light passing through the first polarizer has uniform light intensity.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, comprising a casing and the above-mentioned display device, wherein the display device is mounted on the casing.
  • the housing may be provided with an accommodating groove for fixedly installing the display device. After the display device is fixedly installed in the accommodating groove, the display panel can be exposed on the outer surface of the housing.
  • the electronic device may be a display, a TV, a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a smart watch, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a backlight assembly
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a planar distribution of polarized light through a dimming component
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a planar distribution of polarized light transmitted to a display panel
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a dimming component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of yet another dimming assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another dimming component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another dimming component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another dimming component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another dimming component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another dimming component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to electronic devices such as displays, mobile phones, notebook computers, smart watches, etc., to display text, pictures and other information, or to respond to user's touch, slide and other operations to achieve the purpose of human-computer interaction .
  • liquid crystal display mainly includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight. Under the action of an external electric field, the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules changes, so that the light transmittance of the backlight changes, so as to transmit different brightness to achieve the purpose of image display. .
  • the liquid crystal display cannot effectively take into account the bright and dark images. For example, in the displayed image, the pictures in some areas need to show higher brightness (such as white pictures), and the pictures in other areas need to show lower brightness (such as black pictures).
  • the liquid crystal display cannot effectively suppress the area with low brightness of the screen, so that a better black state effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, it is difficult to effectively improve the contrast of the liquid crystal display.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a display device that can help to improve the contrast ratio.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment” or “some embodiments” and the like mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in some embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” etc. in various places in this specification are not necessarily All refer to the same embodiment, but mean “one or more but not all embodiments” unless specifically emphasized otherwise.
  • the terms “including”, “including”, “having” and their variants mean “including but not limited to” unless specifically emphasized otherwise.
  • Light is a transverse wave, and in natural light (such as the light emitted by ordinary light sources such as the sun and electric lamps), it contains light that vibrates in all directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
  • natural light such as the light emitted by ordinary light sources such as the sun and electric lamps
  • the process of converting natural light into polarized light is called polarization, and the optical devices used for this conversion are called polarizers (such as polarizers).
  • polarizers such as polarizers
  • the polarized light passes through an analyzer (such as a polarizer), if the vibration direction of the polarized light is consistent with the transmission direction of the analyzer, the polarized light can pass. If the vibration direction of the polarized light and the vibration transmission direction of the analyzer are perpendicular to each other, the polarized light cannot pass through. If the vibration direction of the polarized light and the transmission direction of the analyzer are set at an angle (between 0° and 90°), part of the polarized light can pass through, and the transmittance of the polarized light depends on the angle. , that is, the smaller the angle between the vibration direction of the polarized light and the transmission direction of the analyzer, the greater the transmittance of the polarized light, and vice versa.
  • an analyzer such as a polarizer
  • the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application realizes lower dark-state brightness display based on the above-mentioned characteristics of polarized light, thereby improving the contrast ratio.
  • a display device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a backlight assembly 11 , a dimming assembly 12 , a display panel 13 and a first polarizer 14 .
  • the backlight assembly 11 is used to generate polarized light, so that the display panel 13 can be provided with light for displaying images.
  • the dimming assembly 12 is disposed on one side of the backlight assembly 11 and is used to deflect or not deflect the vibration direction of the polarized light generated by the backlight assembly 11 .
  • the first polarizer 14 is disposed between the dimming component 12 and the display panel 13 and is used to transmit polarized light in the same direction as its own vibration transmission.
  • the polarized light generated by the backlight assembly 11 first passes through the dimming assembly 12. After passing through the dimming assembly 12, if the dimming assembly 12 does not deflect the polarized light, the polarized light can maintain the original vibration direction and directly transmit through out. Alternatively, the polarized light can be deflected by the dimming component 12 before being transmitted.
  • the polarized light after the dimming component 12 passes through the first polarizer 14 if the vibration direction of the polarized light is consistent with the vibration transmission direction of the first polarizer 14, the polarized light can be transmitted, and at this time, the display panel 13 can Light with higher light intensity is received, so that a picture with a good bright state effect can be displayed.
  • the vibration direction of the polarized light and the vibration transmission direction of the first polarizer 14 are perpendicular to each other, the polarized light cannot be transmitted. At this time, the display panel 13 cannot receive effective light, so that the display panel 13 can display a good black state effect. screen.
  • the display panel 13 can receive light with stronger light intensity.
  • the vibration directions of the polarized light S and the polarized light P are perpendicular to each other.
  • the vibration transmission direction of the first polarizer 14 is consistent with the vibration direction of the polarized light S.
  • the dimming component 12 deflects the vibration direction of the polarized light S by 90° (that is, the dimming component 12 converts the polarized light S into the polarized light P), when the polarized light P passes through the first polarizer 14, due to the first polarizer 14 The transmission direction of the polarized light S is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the polarized light S, the polarized light P will be blocked by the first polarizer 14, and the display panel 13 cannot receive effective light, so that the display panel 13 can display a good black state. effect screen.
  • a plurality of dimming units may be configured in the dimming assembly 12 , and each dimming unit can independently adjust the vibration direction of the polarized light. Please refer to FIG. 3 to FIG. 6 in combination.
  • the backlight assembly 11 can generate polarized light S. As shown in FIG. 3 , the backlight assembly 11 can generate polarized light S. As shown in FIG.
  • the dimming component 12 is configured with six dimming units, wherein the dimming unit 120b, the dimming unit 120c and the dimming unit 120d do not deflect the polarized light; the dimming unit 120a and the dimming unit 120e And the dimming unit 120f is used to deflect the polarization direction of the polarized light by 90°.
  • the vibration transmission direction of the first polarizer 14 is consistent with the vibration direction of the polarized light S, and the vibration transmission direction of the first polarizer 14 is the same as that of the polarized light P
  • the vibration directions of S are perpendicular to each other.
  • the polarized light S can be effectively transmitted; In the regions of the dimming unit 120a, the dimming unit 120e, and the dimming unit 120f, the polarized light P is effectively blocked.
  • a plurality of pixel units may be configured in the display panel 13, and the number of dimming units may be the same as the number of pixel units. That is, a plurality of dimming units are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of pixel units, and each dimming unit can actively adjust the light transmitted to the corresponding pixel unit, so as to effectively control the light input amount of the pixel unit.
  • a single dimming unit may also be configured to correspond to multiple pixel units. Specifically, in an area corresponding to a single dimming unit, multiple pixel units may be configured, so that a single dimming unit can effectively control the light input amount of the corresponding multiple pixel units.
  • the structural forms of the dimming assembly 12 can be various.
  • the dimming component 12 includes a first substrate 121 , a second substrate 122 , a liquid crystal layer 123 and a driving circuit (not shown in the figure).
  • the first substrate 121 is disposed opposite to the second substrate 122
  • the liquid crystal layer 123 is disposed between the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 122
  • the driving circuit is disposed on the first substrate 121 for driving the liquid crystal layer 123 .
  • the liquid crystal is deflected to deflect the vibration direction of polarized light.
  • the driving circuit may include thin film transistors, storage capacitors, and the like. It can be understood that the driving circuit may be disposed on the first substrate 121 or the second substrate 122 , or may be disposed on the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 122 at the same time.
  • Alignment films are provided on the surfaces of the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 122 facing the liquid crystal layer 123.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 123 will be changed.
  • the upper and lower alignment films Specifically, when the angle difference between the upper and lower alignment films is 90°, the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules will automatically rotate 90° from top to bottom.
  • the polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 123, since the liquid crystal molecules rotate by 90° in total, after the polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 123, the vibration direction of the polarized light is rotated by 90° by the liquid crystal layer.
  • the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules tends to be parallel to the electric field direction, so that the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules tend to be aligned in the same direction, or the overall rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is less than 90°.
  • the vibration direction of the polarized light does not change, or the deflection angle of the vibration direction is less than 90°.
  • the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules is the same as the angle of the upper and lower alignment films.
  • the polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 123, the polarized light is not deflected.
  • the driving circuit applies a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 123, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is deflected.
  • the rotation angle of the liquid crystal molecules approaches 90°, after the polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 123 , the vibration direction of the polarized light is rotated by 90° by the liquid crystal layer 123 .
  • the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is less than 90°, after the polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 123, the deflection angle of the vibration direction of the polarized light is less than 90°.
  • the liquid crystal molecules change the vibration direction of the polarized light by rotating in the horizontal direction (the direction parallel to the third substrate).
  • the deflection direction of the liquid crystal molecules may also be a vertical type (a direction perpendicular to the third substrate) or a three-dimensional type of cholesteric liquid crystal. That is, the specific type of the display panel is not limited in the present application.
  • the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 122 may be fabricated using soft materials.
  • the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 122 may use transparent polyimide (CPI), polyimide (PI), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC), polycarbonate (polycarbonate, PC), polyester resin (polyethylene terephthalate, PET), etc. or materials with low optical phase retardation (Rth ⁇ 300nm) for material properties.
  • atomization treatment can be performed on the surface of the first substrate or the second substrate to effectively prevent moiré and other phenomena, and at the same time, the weight of the dimming component 12 can also be effectively reduced.
  • the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 122 can be made of the same material or different materials.
  • the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 122 may be made of materials with different refractive indices, so as to improve the light transmittance of the dimming component 12 .
  • any one of protrusions 121 a , grooves 121 b or anti-reflection films 121 c may be provided on the surface of the first substrate 121 away from the liquid crystal layer 123 (the upper surface in the figure), so as to The light transmittance of the dimming component 12 is improved.
  • any one of the above-mentioned protrusions 121 a , grooves 121 b or anti-reflection films 121 c may be provided on the surface of the second substrate 122 away from the liquid crystal layer 123 .
  • the above-mentioned protrusions 121a, grooves 121b or anti-reflection films 121c may also be provided on both the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 122.
  • the display panel 13 may be a liquid crystal display panel 13 .
  • the display panel 13 includes a panel body 131 and a second polarizer 132 ; wherein, the panel body 131 includes a third substrate 1311 , a fourth substrate 1312 , a liquid crystal layer 1313 , a color Filter 1314 and driving circuit (not shown in the figure).
  • the third substrate 1311 is disposed opposite to the fourth substrate 1312, and the liquid crystal layer 1313 is disposed between the third substrate 1311 and the fourth substrate 1312; the driving circuit is disposed on the third substrate 1311 for driving the liquid crystal layer 1313.
  • the liquid crystal is deflected to deflect the vibration direction of polarized light.
  • the driving circuit may include thin film transistors, storage capacitors, and the like. It can be understood that the driving circuit may be disposed on the third substrate 1311 or the fourth substrate 1312, or may be disposed on the third substrate 1311 and the fourth substrate 1312 at the same time.
  • the color filter 1314 is disposed on the third substrate 1311. When the polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 1313, the light is filtered by the color filter 1314, so that the display panel 13 displays a color image. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the color filter 1314 may also be disposed on the fourth substrate 1312 .
  • the second polarizer 132 is disposed on the surface of the third substrate 1311 away from the liquid crystal layer 1313 , and is used to transmit polarized light in a direction consistent with its vibration transmission direction.
  • the vibration direction of the polarized light S is consistent with the transmission direction of the first polarizer 14 and the second polarizer 132 , and the vibration directions of the polarized light S and the polarized light P are perpendicular to each other.
  • the backlight assembly 11 generates polarized light S (assuming that the proportion of the polarized light S is 100%). Since the vibration direction of the polarized light S is consistent with the vibration transmission direction of the first polarizer 14 , the polarized light S can effectively transmit through the first polarizer 14 . When the polarized light S passes through the display panel 13 , the liquid crystal layer in the display panel 13 will not deflect the vibration direction of the polarized light S. Since the vibration direction of the polarized light S is consistent with the vibration transmission direction of the second polarizer 132 , the polarized light S can effectively transmit through the second polarizer 132 . During this process, since neither the first polarizer 14 nor the second polarizer 132 effectively blocks the polarized light S generated by the backlight assembly 11 , the display device 10 will eventually display a bright image.
  • the backlight assembly 11 generates polarized light S.
  • the dimming assembly 12 deflects the vibration direction of the polarized light S by 90°, so that the polarized light S is converted into the polarized light P.
  • the polarized light P passes through the first polarizer 14, since the vibration direction of the polarized light P and the transmission direction of the first polarizer 14 are perpendicular to each other, the first polarizer 14 effectively blocks the polarized light P. Therefore, The display panel 13 will not receive effective light, so that a good dark state display effect can be achieved.
  • the polarized light generated by the backlight assembly 11 includes not only the polarized light S, but also a part of the stray light P' (wherein, the stray light P' and the polarized light P have the same vibration direction), therefore, There will still be a small amount of stray light P' entering the dimming component 12 .
  • the vibration direction of the stray light P' is deflected by 90°, that is, the stray light P' is converted into stray light S' ( Among them, the vibration direction of the stray light S' is the same as the vibration direction of the polarized light S).
  • the vibration direction of the stray light S' is the same as the vibration transmission direction of the first polarizer 14, this part of the stray light S' will be transmitted into the display panel 13, and the liquid crystal layer 1313 in the display panel 13 will be able to prevent the stray light from being transmitted to the display panel 13.
  • the vibration direction of S' is deflected by 90° to convert the stray light S' into stray light P' (wherein, the stray light P' and the polarized light P have the same vibration direction), since the vibration direction of the stray light P' is the same as the second polarized light
  • the vibration-transmitting directions of the sheets 132 are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, the second polarizer 132 effectively blocks the stray light P'.
  • the final display device 10 will display a dark image.
  • the vibration transmission directions of the first polarizer 14 and the second polarizer 132 may also be perpendicular to each other; or, the vibration direction of the polarized light S generated by the backlight assembly 11 may also be the same as The transmission directions of a polarizer 14 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the liquid crystal layer 123 in the dimming component 12 and the liquid crystal layer 1313 in the display panel 13 can also deflect the polarization direction of the polarized light according to the desired display effect.
  • the first polarizer 14 can be attached to the surface of the fourth substrate 1312 away from the liquid crystal layer 1313 (the lower surface in the figure), or the first polarizer 14 can be attached to the The surface of a substrate 121 away from the liquid crystal layer 123 (the upper surface in the figure) is not specifically limited in this application.
  • a certain gap is maintained between the display panel 13 and the dimming component 12 to prevent the occurrence of undesirable phenomena such as moiré.
  • the width of the gap can be kept above 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the display panel 13 and the dimming component 12 may also be arranged in a fit.
  • an adhesive layer with a certain thickness may be disposed between the display panel 13 and the dimming assembly 12 to attach and fix the display panel 13 and the dimming assembly 12 .
  • a diffusion film 15 may also be provided between the display panel 13 and the dimming component 12 .
  • the diffuser film 15 can improve the field angle distribution of the polarized light, and can also effectively maintain the original vibration direction of the polarized light.
  • the diffusion film 15 can increase the viewing angle of polarized light by 10° or more, and can maintain the vibration direction of polarized light by 90% or more.
  • the diffusion film 15 may be disposed between the first polarizer 14 and the first substrate 121 , or may be disposed between the first polarizer 14 and the fourth substrate 1312 .
  • the diffusion film 15 can be made of materials such as polycarbonate and polyimide, and the thickness of the diffusion film 15 can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual situation. This application does not limit this.
  • the polarized light is linearly polarized light
  • the first polarizer 14 and the second polarizer 132 are both linear polarizers for illustration. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, when the polarized light is circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, the first polarizer 14 is a circular polarizer, and the second polarizer 132 is a circular polarizer, it is still applicable.
  • the first polarizer 14 and the second polarizer 132 may both be linear polarizers, or the first polarizer 14 and the second polarizer 132 may both be Circular polarizer.
  • the polarization rate of the light generated by the backlight assembly 11 may be greater than or equal to 75%. That is, in the light generated by the backlight assembly 11, the proportion of polarized light with the same vibration direction is greater than or equal to 75% (for example, the proportion of polarized light S is greater than or equal to 75%, and the proportion of polarized light P' is less than or equal to 75%. 25%).
  • the display device 10 may not only have the function of image display, but also realize human-computer interaction.
  • the dimming component 12 is further provided with photoelectric elements 124 (there are five in the figure).
  • an external light source such as an infrared laser pointer used by a user
  • the external light source will pass through the display panel 13 and the first polarizer 14, and be transmitted through the dimming component 12.
  • the photoelectric element 124 senses the external light source, it can determine the specific irradiation position of the external light source, so as to achieve the purpose of human-computer interaction.
  • a photoelectric element 124 may be configured in each dimming unit of the dimming assembly 12, so as to effectively improve the accuracy of the irradiation position of the external light source.
  • the optoelectronic element 124 may be disposed on the first substrate 121 or the second substrate 122 , or may be disposed on both the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 122 .
  • the photoelectric element 124 may be a photoresistor, a photodiode, a photosensitive three-laser, or the like.
  • the specific structural settings of the backlight assembly 11 can also be varied.
  • the backlight assembly 11 may adopt an edge-type backlight design, or may adopt a direct-type backlight arrangement.
  • the backlight assembly 11 may include an edge light source 111 and a light guide plate 112 to form a surface light source on one side of the dimming assembly 12 .
  • the configuration quantity and position of the side light sources 111 can be reasonably adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the side light sources 111 may only be arranged on one side (the left side in the figure), and the number of the side light sources 111 may be arranged one or more (one is shown in the figure).
  • the backlight assembly 11 may include a plurality of point light sources 113 (five are shown in the figure), wherein the devices of the point light sources 113 may specifically be light emitting diodes, and A plurality of point light sources 113 may be arranged in an array.
  • a single point light source 113 may constitute a backlight unit, or a backlight unit may also be composed of a plurality of point light sources.
  • 2*2 point light sources can form a backlight unit
  • 3*4 point light sources can also form a backlight unit.
  • the dimming component 12 may further homogenize the light of the backlight component 11 to improve the display effect of the display device 10 .
  • the central region of the point light source 113 can generate 100% polarized light S
  • the left region can generate 80% polarized light S
  • the right region can generate 70% polarized light S.
  • the part of the dimming component 12 corresponding to the central area of the point light source 113 can deflect the vibration direction of the polarized light, and the deflected polarized light can be decomposed into 70% polarization Light S, 30% polarized light P.
  • the part of the dimming component 12 corresponding to the left area of the point light source 113 can deflect the vibration direction of the polarized light S, and the deflected polarized light can be decomposed into 70% polarized light S and 10% polarized light P.
  • the portion of the dimming component 12 corresponding to the right region of the point light source 113 does not deflect the vibration direction of the polarized light S.
  • the vibration directions of the polarized light S and the polarized light P are perpendicular to each other, and the vibration transmission direction of the first polarizer 14 is consistent with the vibration direction of the polarized light S. Since the first polarizer 14 can transmit the polarized light S and block the polarized light P, the display panel 13 receives 70% polarized light S. That is, different regions (dimming units) of the dimming assembly 12 can independently adjust the polarized light of the backlight assembly 11, so that the display panel 13 can receive a surface light source with uniform light intensity.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including a casing and the above-mentioned display device 10 , and the display device 10 is mounted on the casing.
  • the housing may be provided with an accommodating groove for fixedly installing the display device 10. After the display device 10 is fixedly installed in the accommodating groove, the display panel 13 can be exposed to the housing. the outer surface.
  • the electronic device may be a display, a TV, a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a smart watch, and the like.

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Abstract

一种显示装置（10）和电子设备，涉及显示技术领域，以解决显示装置（10）对比度不高的问题；显示装置（10）包括背光组件（11）、调光组件（12）、显示面板（13）和第一偏光片（14）；其中，背光组件（11）用于产生偏振光；调光组件（12）设置在背光组件（11）的一侧，用于对背光组件（11）所产生的偏振光进行偏转或者不进行偏转；第一偏光片（14）设置在调光组件（12）和显示面板（13）之间；在显示装置（10）中，经调光组件（12）后的偏振光在经过第一偏光片（14）时，若偏振光的振动方向与第一偏光片（14）的透振方向一致，则偏振光可以透出，此时，显示面板（13）可以接收到光强较高的光线，若偏振光的振动方向与第一偏光片（14）的透振方向相互垂直，则偏振光不能透出，此时，显示面板（13）则不能接收到有效的光线。

Description

一种显示装置和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年07月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010763098.1、发明名称为“一种显示装置和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权；以及要求于2020年08月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010800927.9、发明名称为“一种显示装置和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权；所引用的优先权专利的全部内容，通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种显示装置和电子设备。
背景技术
随着液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)的广泛应用，液晶显示器的使用场景也越来越多样化，在不同的使用场景下，用户对液晶显示器的显示效果也有着不同的需求。例如，在一些使用场景中，需要液晶显示器具备较高的对比度表现，即液晶显示器在全白屏状态和全黑屏状态亮度的比值。但是受限于液晶显示器的背光源式显示原理，以及液晶显示面板中液晶材料和驱动方式的限制，使得部分液晶显示器的对比度只能达到1500的表现。为了提升液晶显示器的对比度，有些厂家开始对液晶显示器中的背光模组进行改良。例如，可以采用直下式背光设计，将背光模组设置在液晶显示面板的背部，并增加背光模组中光源的使用数量，使背光模组随着显示画面的内容进行部分区域的亮暗调配，以协助液晶显示面板达到亮度更低的暗态效果和亮度更高的亮态效果，进而提升液晶显示器的整体对比度。但是当背光模组中光源的配置数量较低时，无法实现较高精度的亮暗调节，因此，会影响液晶显示器的显示效果。当背光模组中光源的配置数量较低时，为了达到良好的亮暗显示效果会明显增加制作成本和液晶显示器的整体重量。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种有利于提升显示面板显示效果且便于制作的显示装置和电子设备。
一方面，本申请提供了一种显示装置，包括背光组件、调光组件、显示面板和第一偏光片。其中，背光组件用于产生偏振光，从而可以为显示面板提供用于显示图像的光源。调光组件设置在背光组件的一侧，用于对背光组件所产生的偏振光进行偏转或者不进行偏转。第一偏光片设置在调光组件和显示面板之间，用于透出与自身的透振方向相同的偏振光。在本申请提供的显示装置中，背光组件所产生的偏振光首先要经过调光组件，经调光组件后，若调光组件不对偏振光进行偏转，则偏振光可以保持原有的振动方向直接透出。或者偏振光也可以经调光组件对其振动方向进行偏转后再透出。经调光组件后的偏振光在经过第一偏光片时，若偏振光的振动方向与第一偏光片的透振方向一致，则偏振光可以透出，此时，显示面板可以接收到光强较高的光线，从而可以显示出具有良好亮态效果的画面。若偏振光的振动方向与第一偏光片的透振方向相互垂直，则偏振光不能透出，此时，显示面板则不能接收到有效的光线，从而可以显示出具有良好黑态效果的画面。
在具体实施时，调光组件可以包括第一基板、第二基板、液晶层和驱动电路。具体来说，第一基板与第二基板相对设置，液晶层设置在第一基板和第二基板之间；驱动电路设置于第一基板，用于驱动液晶层中的液晶进行偏转，以对偏振光的振动方向进行偏转。在具体配置时，驱动电路可以包括薄膜晶体管和存储电容等。可以理解的是，驱动电路设置于第一基板和/或第二基板指的是，驱动电路可以设置于第一基板或第二基板，也可以同时设置在第一基板和第二基板上。
在进行制作时，第一基板和第二基板可以采用软性材料进行制作。例如，第一基板和第二基板可以采用透明聚酰亚胺(CPI)进行制作，以有效防止摩尔纹等现象，同时还能有效降低调光组件的重量。可以理解的是，在另外的实施方式中，第一基板和第二基板也可以采用玻璃，聚酰亚胺(polyimide，PI)，三羧酸循环(tricarboxylic acid cycle，TAC)，聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate，PC)，涤纶树脂(polyethylene terephthalate，PET)等或材料特性具有低光相位延迟(如Rth<300nm)的材料进行制作。
另外，第一基板和第二基板可以选用相同的材料也可以采用不同的材料。
例如，第一基板和第二基板可以采用折射率不同的材料进行制作，以提升调光组件的透光率。
或者，也可以对第一基板的板面进行雾化处理；例如，可以在第一基板的远离液晶层的板面设置凸起、凹槽，以提升调光组件的透光率，同时还能有效防止摩尔纹等现象。或者，也可以在第一基板的远离液晶层的板面设置增透膜，以提升调光组件的透光率。
在其他的实施方式中，也可以在第二基板的远离液晶层的板面(图中的上板面)设置凸起、凹槽或者增透膜中的任意一种。或者，也可以在第一基板和第二基板上均设置上述的凸起、凹槽或增透膜。
在另一些实施方式中，为了防止出现摩尔纹等不良现象，在显示面板和调光组件之间还可以设置扩散膜。扩散膜可以改善偏振光的视场角分布，同时还能有效保持偏振光原有的振动方向。例如，扩散膜可以使偏振光的视场角提升10°以上，且能够将偏振光的振动方向保持在90％以上。
在具体配置时，扩散膜可以设置在第一偏光片和第一基板之间，也可以设置在第一偏光片和第四基板之间。另外，扩散膜可以采用聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺等材料进行制作，且扩散膜的厚度可以根据实际情况进行适应性调整。本申请对此不作限定。
另外，在具体实施时，为了实现人机交互等功能，调光组件中还设有光电元件。当外界光源(如用户使用的红外激光笔)照射在显示装置上时，外界光源会透过显示面板和第一偏光片，并透射在调光组件中。当光电元件感测到外界光源后，便可判断出外界光源的具体照射位置，从而实现人机交互的目的。在具体实施时，调光组件的每个调光单元中均可以配置一个光电元件或一个以上光电元件，以有效提升对外界光源照射位置的精度。
在一些实现方式中，光电元件可以设置在第一基板或第二基板上，也可以在第一基板和第二基板上均设置。其中，光电元件可以是光敏电阻、光敏二极管、光敏三激光等。
在对显示面板进行配置时，显示面板可以包括面板本体和第二偏光片；其中，面板本体包括第三基板、第四基板、液晶层、彩色滤光片以及驱动电路。具体来说，第三基板与第四基板相对设置，液晶层设置在第三基板和第四基板之间；驱动电路设置于第三基板，用于驱动液晶层中的液晶进行偏转，以对偏振光的振动方向进行偏转。在具体配置时，驱动电路可以包括薄膜晶体管和存储电容等。可以理解的是，驱动电路可以设置于第三基板 或第四基板，也可以同时设置在第三基板和第四基板上。
彩色滤光片设置在第三基板上，当偏振光透过液晶层后经彩色滤光片对光线进行过滤，从而使显示面板显示出彩色画面。或彩色滤光片亦可设置在第四基板上。
第二偏光片设置于第三基板的远离液晶层的板面上，用于透出与其透振方向一致的偏振光。
另外，在显示面板中，可以配备多个像素单元。其中，所配备的像素单元的数量可以根据实际需求作适应性选择和调整。例如，像素单元的数量可以配备1920*1080个。相应的，为了使得调光组件能够对每个像素单元的进光量进行有效调控，调光组件中也可以配备1920*1080个调光单元。即多个调光单元与多个像素单元一一对应设置，每个调光单元可以对透射到对应的像素单元的光线进行主动调节，以对该像素单元的进光量进行有效控制。
或者，在另一些实现方式中，调光单元的配置数量也可以小于像素单元的配置数量。即单个调光单元也可以对应多个像素单元进行配置。或者，可以理解的是，在对应于单个调光单元的区域中，可以配置有多个像素单元，以使单个调光单元能够对对应的多个像素单元的进光量进行有效控制。
另外，调光组件还可以对背光组件的光线进行匀化处理，以提升显示装置的显示效果。
例如，背光组件中可以配置多个背光单元，每个背光单元中可以至少配备一个点光源。其中，背光单元的数量可以小于调光单元的配置数量。由于点光源的发光具有不均匀性，即点光源中心位置的光强较高，而点光源周围区域的光强较弱。为了使得显示面板能够接收到均匀光强的面光源，调光组件可以对光线较强的区域和光线较弱区域的偏振光进行不同的偏转处理，以使透过第一偏光片的偏振光具有均匀的光强。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种电子设备，包括壳体和上述的显示装置，显示装置安装于壳体。其中，显示装置安装于壳体具体来说可以是，壳体可以设置用于固定安装显示装置的容纳槽，当显示装置固定安装在容纳槽内后，显示面板能够外露于壳体的外表面。在具体实施时，电子设备可以是显示器、电视、手机、笔记本电脑、智能手表等。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置的剖面结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置的剖面结构示意图；
图3为背光组件的平面示意图；
图4为调光组件的平面示意图；
图5为经调光组件的偏振光的平面分布示意图；
图6为透射到显示面板的偏振光的平面分布示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的另一种显示装置的剖面结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种调光组件的剖面结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的又一种调光组件的剖面结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种调光组件的剖面结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的另一种调光组件的剖面结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的另一种调光组件的剖面结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的另一种调光组件的剖面结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的另一种调光组件的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的显示装置，下面首先介绍一下其应用场景。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置可应用在显示器、手机、笔记本电脑、智能手表等电子设备中，用于显示文字、图片等信息，或响应用户的触摸、滑动等操作以达到人机交互的目的。
在实际应用中，被广泛使用的显示装置主要包括液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)。液晶显示器中主要包括液晶面板和背光源，在外加电场的作用下，利用液晶分子的排列方向发生变化，使背光源的透光率发生改变，从而透射出不同的亮度，以达到图像显示的目的。但是，在实际使用过程中，液晶显示器不能对亮、暗画面进行有效兼顾。例如，在所显示的图像中，有些区域的画面需要体现出较高的亮度(如白色画面)，另一些区域的画面需要体现出较低的亮度(如黑色画面)，但是，在实际应用时，液晶显示器无法对画面亮度较低的区域进行有效抑制，从而不能达到较好的黑态效果，因此，液晶显示器的对比度很难得到有效的提升。
基于目前的显示装置所存在的上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种能够有利于提升对比度的显示装置。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”、“上述”、“该”和“这一”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。还应当理解，在本申请以下各实施例中，“至少一个”、“一个或多个”是指一个、两个或两个以上。术语“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系；例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A、B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其他一些实施例中”、“在另外一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
为了便于理解本申请技术方案，下面首先对偏振光的特性进行简单介绍。
光是一种横波，在自然光中(如太阳、电灯等普通光源发出的光)，包含着在垂直于传播方向上沿一切方向振动的光。把自然光转化为偏振光的过程叫做起偏，用于这种转化的光学器件称为起偏器(如偏光片)。自然光通过起偏器后，只有振动方向与起偏器的透振方向一致的光才能通过。也就是说，通过起偏器的光，只沿着特定的方向振动，这种光 叫做偏振光。当偏振光经过检偏器(如偏光片)时，若偏振光的振动方向与检偏器的透振方向一致，则偏振光可以通过。若偏振光的振动方向与检偏器的透振方向相互垂直，则偏振光不能通过。若偏振光的振动方向与检偏器的透振方向呈夹角(0°至90°之间)设置，则部分偏振光可以通过，其中，偏振光的透过率取决于该夹角的大小，即偏振光的振动方向与检偏器的透振方向之间的夹角越小时，偏振光的透过率越大，反之透过率越小。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置基于偏振光的上述特性来实现较低的暗态亮度显示，从而提升对比度。
如图1所示，在本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置10中，包括背光组件11、调光组件12、显示面板13和第一偏光片14。其中，背光组件11用于产生偏振光，从而可以为显示面板13提供用于显示图像的光线。调光组件12设置在背光组件11的一侧，用于对背光组件11所产生的偏振光的振动方向进行偏转或者不进行偏转。第一偏光片14设置在调光组件12和显示面板13之间，用于透出与自身的透振方向相同的偏振光。
具体来说，背光组件11所产生的偏振光首先要经过调光组件12，经调光组件12后，若调光组件12不对偏振光进行偏转，则偏振光可以保持原有的振动方向直接透出。或者偏振光也可以经调光组件12对其振动方向进行偏转后再透出。经调光组件12后的偏振光在经过第一偏光片14时，若偏振光的振动方向与第一偏光片14的透振方向一致，则偏振光可以透出，此时，显示面板13可以接收到光强较高的光线，从而可以显示出具有良好亮态效果的画面。若偏振光的振动方向与第一偏光片14的透振方向相互垂直，则偏振光不能透出，此时，显示面板13则不能接收到有效的光线，从而可以显示出具有良好黑态效果的画面。
例如，如图1所示，当背光组件11所产生的偏振光为偏振光S，且第一偏光片14的透振方向与偏振光S的振动方向一致时。若调光组件12不对偏振光S的振动方向进行偏转，则显示面板13可以接收到光强较强的光线。
如图2所示，偏振光S和偏振光P的振动方向相互垂直。当背光组件11所产生的偏振光为偏振光S，且第一偏光片14的透振方向与偏振光S的振动方向一致时。若调光组件12将偏振光S的振动方向偏转90°(即调光组件12将偏振光S转化为偏振光P)，当偏振光P经过第一偏光片14时，由于第一偏光片14的透振方向与偏振光S的振动方向相互垂直，则偏振光P会被第一偏光片14阻挡，显示面板13则不能接收到有效的光线，从而可以使得显示面板13显示出具备良好黑态效果的画面。
在具体实施时，调光组件12中可以配置有多个调光单元，每个调光单元可以对偏振光的振动方向进行独立调节，请结合参阅图3至图6。
如图3所示，背光组件11能够产生偏振光S。
如图4所示，调光组件12中配置有6个调光单元，其中，调光单元120b、调光单元120c以及调光单元120d不对偏振光进行偏转；调光单元120a、调光单元120e以及调光单元120f用于将偏振光的偏振方向偏转90°。
请结合参阅图5，当背光组件11的偏振光S经过调光单元120b、调光单元120c以及调光单元120d后，透出的光线仍为偏振光S；当背光组件11的偏振光S经过调光单元120a、调光单元120e以及调光单元120f后，透出的光线转变为偏振光P。
请结合参阅图6，示出了透射到显示面板13上的偏振光亮暗分布。当偏振光S和偏振光P透过第一偏光片14时，由于第一偏光片14的透振方向与偏振光S的振动方向一致， 且第一偏光片14的透振方向与偏振光P的振动方向相互垂直，因此，在第一偏光片14对应于调光单元120b、调光单元120c以及调光单元120d的区域，偏振光S能够被有效透出；在第一偏光片14对应于调光单元120a、调光单元120e以及调光单元120f的区域，偏振光P被有效阻挡。
在具体配置时，显示面板13中可以配置多个像素单元，且调光单元的数量与像素单元的数量可以相同。即多个调光单元与多个像素单元一一对应设置，每个调光单元可以对透射到对应的像素单元的光线进行主动调节，以对该像素单元的进光量进行有效控制。或者，在另一些实施方式中，单个调光单元也可以对应多个像素单元进行配置。具体来说，在对应于单个调光单元的区域中，可以配置有多个像素单元，以使单个调光单元能够对对应的多个像素单元的进光量进行有效控制。
在进行设置时，调光组件12的结构形式可以是多样的。
例如，如图7所示，在本申请提供的一个实施例中，调光组件12包括第一基板121、第二基板122、液晶层123和驱动电路(图中未示出)。具体来说，第一基板121与第二基板122相对设置，液晶层123设置在第一基板121和第二基板122之间；驱动电路设置于第一基板121，用于驱动液晶层123中的液晶进行偏转，以对偏振光的振动方向进行偏转。在具体配置时，驱动电路可以包括薄膜晶体管和存储电容等。可以理解的是，驱动电路可以设置于第一基板121或第二基板122，也可以同时设置在第一基板121和第二基板122上。
在第一基板121和第二基板122朝向液晶层123的板面上均设有配向膜(图中未示出)，在驱动电路不施加电压的情况下，液晶层123中液晶分子的排列会依照上、下配向膜而定。具体来说，当上、下配向膜的角度差为90°时，液晶分子的排列由上而下会自动旋转90度。当偏振光经过液晶层123时，由于液晶分子总共旋转了90°，所以偏振光穿过液晶层123后，偏振光的振动方向被液晶层旋转90°。当驱动电路对液晶层123施加电压时，液晶分子的排列方向会倾向平行于电场方向，从而使得液晶分子的排列方向趋于向同一方向排列，或使液晶分子的整体旋转方向小于90°。当偏振光经过液晶层123时，偏振光的振动方向不发生改变，或振动方向的偏转角度小于90°。
相应的，当上、下配向膜的角度差为0°时，液晶分子的排列与上、下配向膜的角度相同。当偏振光经过液晶层123时，偏振光不发生偏转。当驱动电路对液晶层123施加电压时，使液晶分子的排列方向产生偏转。当液晶分子的旋转角度趋于90°时，偏振光穿过液晶层123后，偏振光的振动方向被液晶层123旋转90°。当液晶分子的旋转方向小于90°时，偏振光经过液晶层123后，偏振光的振动方向偏转角度小于90°。
可以理解的是，在上述的实施例中，液晶分子通过在水平方向的旋转(平行于第三基板的方向)的方式来改变偏振光的振动方向。在其他的实施方式中，液晶分子的偏转方向也可以是垂直式(垂直于第三基板的方向)或胆固醇液晶的立体式。即，显示面板的具体类型本申请不作限定。在进行制作时，第一基板121和第二基板122可以采用软性材料进行制作。例如，第一基板121和第二基板122可以采用透明聚酰亚胺(CPI)，聚酰亚胺(polyimide，PI)，三羧酸循环(tricarboxylic acid cycle，TAC)，聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate，PC)，涤纶树脂(polyethylene terephthalate，PET)等或材料特性具有低光相位延迟(Rth<300nm)的材料进行制作。并且可以在第一基板或第二基板的板面进行雾化处理，以有效防止摩尔纹等现象，同时还能有效降低调光组件12的重量。可以理解的是，在另外的实施 方式中，第一基板121和第二基板122可以选用相同的材料也可以采用不同的材料。
例如，第一基板121和第二基板122可以采用折射率不同的材料进行制作，以提升调光组件12的透光率。
或者，如图8所示，可以在第一基板121的远离液晶层123的板面(图中的上板面)设置凸起121a、凹槽121b或者增透膜121c中的任意一种，以提升调光组件12的透光率。
在其他的实施方式中，也可以在第二基板122的远离液晶层123的板面设置上述的凸起121a、凹槽121b或者增透膜121c中的任意一种。或者，也可以在第一基板121和第二基板122上均设置上述的凸起121a、凹槽121b或者增透膜121c。
在具体实施时，显示面板13可以为液晶显示面板13。
如图7所示，在本申请提供的实施例中，显示面板13包括面板本体131和第二偏光片132；其中，面板本体131包括第三基板1311、第四基板1312、液晶层1313、彩色滤光片1314以及驱动电路(图中未示出)。具体来说，第三基板1311与第四基板1312相对设置，液晶层1313设置在第三基板1311和第四基板1312之间；驱动电路设置于第三基板1311，用于驱动液晶层1313中的液晶进行偏转，以对偏振光的振动方向进行偏转。在具体配置时，驱动电路可以包括薄膜晶体管和存储电容等。可以理解的是，驱动电路可以设置于第三基板1311或第四基板1312，也可以同时设置在第三基板1311和第四基板1312上。
彩色滤光片1314设置在第三基板1311上，当偏振光透过液晶层1313后经彩色滤光片1314对光线进行过滤，从而使显示面板13显示出彩色画面。可以理解的是，在其他的实施方式中，彩色滤光片1314也可以设置在第四基板1312上。
第二偏光片132设置于第三基板1311的远离液晶层1313的板面上，用于透出与其透振方向一致的偏振光。
为了便于理解显示装置10的显示原理，下面将对亮态和暗态两种画面显示效果进行具体说明。
首先说明的是，偏振光S的振动方向与第一偏光片14和第二偏光片132的透振方向一致，且偏振光S与偏振光P的振动方向相互垂直。
如图7所示，当显示装置10显示亮态画面时。
背光组件11产生偏振光S(假设偏振光S所占比例为100％)，偏振光S经过调光组件12时，调光组件12不对偏振光S的振动方向进行偏转。由于偏振光S的振动方向与第一偏光片14的透振方向一致，因此，偏振光S能够有效的透出第一偏光片14。当偏振光S经过显示面板13时，显示面板13中的液晶层不会对偏振光S的振动方向进行偏转。由于偏振光S的振动方向与第二偏光片132的透振方向一致，因此，偏振光S能够有效的透出第二偏光片132。在此过程中，由于第一偏光片14以及第二偏光片132均没有对背光组件11所产生的偏振光S形成有效阻挡，因此，最终显示装置10会显示出亮态画面。
如图9所示，当显示装置10显示暗态画面时。
背光组件11产生偏振光S，偏振光S经过调光组件12时，调光组件12将偏振光S的振动方向偏转90°，使偏振光S转化为偏振光P。当偏振光P经过第一偏光片14时，由于偏振光P的振动方向与第一偏光片14的透振方向相互垂直，因此，第一偏光片14对偏振光P形成了有效阻挡，因此，显示面板13不会接收到有效的光线，从而可以达到良好的暗态显示效果。在实际情况下，由于背光组件11所产生的偏振光中，除了包含偏振光S外，还会包括一部分杂散光P’(其中，杂散光P’与偏振光P的振动方向相同)，因此， 仍然会有少量的杂散光P’进入调光组件12中。当背光组件11所产生的杂散光P’经过调光组件12时，在调光组件12的作用下，杂散光P’的振动方向偏转90°，即杂散光P’转化为杂散光S’(其中，杂散光S’的振动方向与偏振光S的振动方向相同)。由于杂散光S’的振动方向与第一偏光片14的透振方向相同，因此，该部分杂散光S’会透射到显示面板13中，此时显示面板13中的液晶层1313会对杂散光S’的振动方向偏转90°，以将杂散光S’转化为杂散光P’(其中，杂散光P’与偏振光P的振动方向相同)，由于杂散光P’的振动方向与第二偏光片132的透振方向相互垂直，因此，第二偏光片132对杂散光P’形成了有效阻挡。在此过程中，由于第一偏光片14对偏振光P形成了有效阻挡，且第二偏光片132对杂散光P’形成了有效阻挡，因此，最终显示装置10会显示出暗态画面。
可以理解的是，在另外的实施方式中，第一偏光片14和第二偏光片132的透振方向也可以相互垂直；或者，背光组件11所产生的偏振光S的振动方向也可以与第一偏光片14的透振方向相互垂直。相应的，在对偏振光进行处理时，也可以根据所需显示的画面效果，使调光组件12中的液晶层123以及显示面板13中的液晶层1313对偏振光的偏振方向进行偏转。另外，在结构设置上，第一偏光片14可以贴合在第四基板1312的远离液晶层1313的板面上(图中的下板面)，也可以将第一偏光片14贴合在第一基板121的远离液晶层123的板面上(图中的上板面)，本申请对此不作具体限定。
另外，在具体设置时，显示面板13和调光组件12之间保持一定的间隙，以防止出现摩尔纹等不良现象。其中，该间隙的宽度可以保持在0.5μm以上。或者在另外的实施方式中，显示面板13和调光组件12也可以贴合设置。例如，可以在显示面板13和调光组件12之间设置具有一定厚度的胶层，以将显示面板13和调光组件12进行贴合固定。
如图10所示，为了提升显示装置10的显示效果，防止出现摩尔纹等不良现象，在显示面板13和调光组件12之间还可以设置扩散膜15。扩散膜15可以改善偏振光的视场角分布，同时还能有效保持偏振光原有的振动方向。例如，扩散膜15可以使偏振光的视场角提升10°以上，且能够将偏振光的振动方向保持在90％以上。
在具体配置时，扩散膜15可以设置在第一偏光片14和第一基板121之间，也可以设置在第一偏光片14和第四基板1312之间。另外，扩散膜15可以采用聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺等材料进行制作，且扩散膜15的厚度可以根据实际情况进行适应性调整。本申请对此不作限定。
需要说明的是，为了便于理解本申请技术方案，在上述的实施例中，以偏振光为线偏振光、第一偏光片14和第二偏光片132均为线偏光片进行举例说明。可以理解的是，在另外的实施方式中，当偏振光为圆偏振光或椭圆偏振光，第一偏光片14为圆偏光片，第二偏光片132为圆偏光片时依然适用。例如，当背光组件11所产生的偏振光为圆偏振光时，第一偏光片14和第二偏光片132可以均为线偏光片，或者第一偏光片14和第二偏光片132可以均为圆偏光片。
另外，为了提升显示装置10的显示效果，背光组件11所产生光的偏振率可以大于或等于75％。即背光组件11所产生的光线中，具备相同振动方向的偏振光所占的比例大于或等于75％(如偏振光S所占比例大于或等于75％，偏振光P’所占比例小于或等于25％)。
在实际应用中，显示装置10不仅可以具备图像显示的功能，还可以实现人机交互。
如图11所示，在本申请提供的一个实施例中，调光组件12中还设有光电元件124(图中示出有5个)。当外界光源(如用户使用的红外激光笔)照射在显示装置10上时，外界 光源会透过显示面板13和第一偏光片14，并透射在调光组件12中。当光电元件124感测到外界光源后，便可判断出外界光源的具体照射位置，从而实现人机交互的目的。在具体实施时，调光组件12的每个调光单元中均可以配置一个光电元件124，以有效提升对外界光源照射位置的精度。
在具体实施时，光电元件124可以设置在第一基板121或第二基板122上，也可以在第一基板121和第二基板122上均设置。其中，光电元件124可以是光敏电阻、光敏二极管、光敏三激光等。
另外，背光组件11的具体结构设置也可以是多样的。
例如，背光组件11可以采用侧入式背光设计，也可以采用直下式背光设置。
如图12所示，具体来说，当背光组件11采用侧入式背光设计时，背光组件11可以包括侧光源111以及导光板112，以在调光组件12的一侧形成面光源。其中，侧光源111的配置数量和位置可以根据实际需求进行合理调配。例如，侧光源111可以仅设置在一个侧边(如图中的左侧)，且侧光源111的数量可以设置一个或多个(图中示出有个)。
如图13所示，当背光组件11采用直下式设计时，背光组件11可以包括多个点光源113(图中示出有5个)，其中，点光源113的器件具体可以是发光二极管，且多个点光源113可以阵列设置。在具体设置时，单个点光源113可以构成一个背光单元，或者，一个背光单元也可以由多个点光源所组成。例如2*2个点光源可以组成一个背光单元，3*4个点光源也可以组成一个背光单元。
另外，在本申请提供的实施例中，调光组件12还可以对背光组件11的光线进行匀化处理，以提升显示装置10的显示效果。
如图14所示，由于点光源113的发光具有不均匀性，即点光源113中心位置的光强较高，而点光源113周围区域的光强较弱。例如，点光源113中心区域能够产生100％的偏振光S，左侧区域能够产生80％的偏振光S，右侧区域能够产生70％的偏振光S。为了使得显示面板13能够接收到均匀光强的偏振光，调光组件12中对应点光源113中心区域的部分可对偏振光的振动方向进行偏转，偏转后的偏振光可以分解为70％的偏振光S、30％的偏振光P。相应的，调光组件12中对应点光源113左侧区域的部分可对偏振光S的振动方向进行偏转，偏转后的偏振光可以分解为70％的偏振光S、10％的偏振光P。调光组件12中对应点光源113右侧区域的部分不对偏振光S的振动方向进行偏转。其中，偏振光S和偏振光P的振动方向相互垂直，第一偏光片14的透振方向与偏振光S的振动方向一致。由于第一偏光片14能够透出偏振光S，且能够阻挡偏振光P，因此，显示面板13所接收到70％偏振光S。即调光组件12的不同区域(调光单元)可以分别对背光组件11的偏振光进行独立调节，以使显示面板13能够接收到均匀光强的面光源。
另外，本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备，包括壳体和上述的显示装置10，显示装置10安装于壳体。其中，显示装置10安装于壳体具体来说可以是，壳体可以设置用于固定安装显示装置10的容纳槽，当显示装置10固定安装在容纳槽内后，显示面板13能够外露于壳体的外表面。在具体实施时，电子设备可以是显示器、电视、手机、笔记本电脑、智能手表等。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括：
    背光组件，用于产生偏振光；
    调光组件，设置在所述背光组件的一侧，用于对所述偏振光的振动方向进行偏转；
    显示面板，设置在所述调光组件的一侧，且所述调光组件位于所述背光组件和所述显示面板之间；
    第一偏光片，设置在所述调光组件和所述显示面板之间，用于透出与自身的透振方向相同的偏振光。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述调光组件包括：
    第一基板；
    第二基板，与所述第一基板相对设置；
    液晶层，设置在所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间；
    驱动电路，设置于所述第一基板和/或所述第二基板，用于驱动所述液晶层中的液晶进行偏转，以对所述偏振光的振动方向进行偏转。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述第一基板和所述第二基板的折射率不相同。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述第一基板的远离所述液晶层的板面上设有凸起、凹槽或增透膜。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述第二基板的远离所述液晶层的板面上设有凸起、凹槽或增透膜。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述调光组件还包括光电元件；
    所述光电元件设置于所述第一基板或所述第二基板内，用于感测由所述显示面板的一侧透出的光信号。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示面板包括面板本体和第二偏光片；
    所述第二偏光片设置在所述面板本体的远离所述第一偏光片的一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置还包括扩散膜，所述扩散膜设置于所述调光组件和所述第一偏光片之间，或所述扩散膜设置于所述显示面板和所述第一偏光片之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示面板配置有多个像素单元，所述调光组件配置有多个调光单元；
    所述调光单元的数量小于或等于所述像素单元的数量。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述背光组件配置有多个背光单元；
    所述背光单元的数量小于所述调光单元的数量。
  11. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括壳体和如权利要求1至10中任一所述的显示装置，所述显示装置安装于所述壳体。
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