WO2022021377A1 - 移液器和移液方法 - Google Patents

移液器和移液方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021377A1
WO2022021377A1 PCT/CN2020/106331 CN2020106331W WO2022021377A1 WO 2022021377 A1 WO2022021377 A1 WO 2022021377A1 CN 2020106331 W CN2020106331 W CN 2020106331W WO 2022021377 A1 WO2022021377 A1 WO 2022021377A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipette
injection
plunger
inner diameter
slider
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/106331
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘新志
苑宝龙
Original Assignee
杭州九洋生物科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 杭州九洋生物科技有限公司 filed Critical 杭州九洋生物科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2020/106331 priority Critical patent/WO2022021377A1/zh
Publication of WO2022021377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021377A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of pipettes, in particular to a pipette and a pipetting method.
  • the pipette of the present invention is the core technology unit in the biological sample automatic processing system, and can be applied to a pipetting workstation composed of a combination of multi-channel electric pipettes.
  • the gas-liquid mixing displacement pipette is composed of an electric industrial syringe pump, a syringe, a reversing valve, a voltage regulator, a catheter, a pipetting head, a sensor, and a pipetting actuator.
  • the rear end of the catheter is connected to the syringe of the electric industrial syringe pump through a voltage regulator, a reversing valve, a pressure sensor, etc., and the syringe and the catheter are filled with liquid by the action of the electric industrial syringe pump, forming a liquid column with the function of a syringe plunger
  • the stopper, the leading end of the catheter and its components form a docking with the exchangeable pipette tip, leaving only an air gap in the pipette tip, isolating the liquid plunger and the sample liquid.
  • the advantage of this method is that the electric reciprocating motion injection mechanism and the pressure sensor are separated, and only one thin tube enters the pipetting actuator, which greatly reduces the design pressure and load of the pipetting actuator assembly and meets the basic center distance of the target plate and vessel. Require. At the same time, the distance between the reciprocating motion axis of the pipetting actuator and the vertical line of the fulcrum of the mechanism can be minimized, and the harmful overturning moment and support generated when the pipetting actuator is frequently pressed down with the pipetting head along its axis downwards is reduced. Part fatigue deformation. And because the isolation air gap between the liquid plunger and the sample liquid is small, the pipetting accuracy is high.
  • the disadvantage is that there is a gas-liquid pipeline pressure system, many components, complicated debugging and high maintenance costs. And when the room temperature is low, it is easy to leak liquid.
  • the gas displacement pipette is composed of a motor, a syringe made of metal or other materials, a sensor, and a pipetting actuator.
  • the reciprocating motion of the solid material plunger is carried out by the motor through the coupling or other connecting parts to drive the screw or timing belt. That is to say, the components such as the electric reciprocating injection mechanism and the pressure sensor are assembled with the pipetting actuator, and there is no need for complicated pressure pipelines and pump systems.
  • the isolation air gap between the solid plunger and the sample liquid depends on the result of structural design concessions. The smaller the isolation air gap, the smaller the pipetting uncertainty range, and vice versa.
  • the present invention provides a pipette, which belongs to a gas displacement type pipette, and the pipette can not only satisfy the center distance between the motion axes of adjacent injection chambers as the basic center distance of the target plate vessel, It will not waste the utilization rate of the injection cavity. It can not only be applied to conventional target plate utensils, but also can be applied to ultra-small target plate utensils, which greatly improves the preparation efficiency of target plate samples, and has high economical practicability and feasibility. Extensibility, thereby at least partially solving the above-mentioned defects and deficiencies in the prior art.
  • the present invention provides a pipette.
  • the pipette includes a housing, a driving device, 6 injection parts and a transmission device.
  • the housing has an inner cavity.
  • the driving device is provided outside the casing.
  • the injection parts are arranged through the housing, wherein the 6 injection parts are arranged in a 2 ⁇ 3 matrix.
  • At least a part of the transmission device is provided in the inner cavity, the transmission device is connected to each of the 6 injection parts and the driving device, so that the 6 injection parts are sucked synchronously. liquid or drain.
  • each of the injection components includes a syringe, a plunger, a seal, and a pipette tip.
  • the injection tube is disposed through the housing, an injection cavity is formed inside the injection tube, and the lower end of the injection tube has a convex and concave portion.
  • the plunger is arranged in the injection cavity, and the upper end of the plunger is connected with the transmission device so as to be able to move at least between a maximum liquid suction position and a maximum liquid discharge position.
  • the seal is provided outside the plunger and on the upper part of the injection cavity for sealing the injection cavity.
  • the pipette tip is fitted at the convex and concave portion through an interference fit.
  • the driving device includes a motor, the motor has a shaft extension, and the transmission device includes a motion pair, a screw pair and a slider.
  • the motion pair is connected with the housing, and the motion pair includes a driving synchronous pulley, a synchronous belt and a follow-up synchronous pulley, wherein the driving synchronous pulley is fixedly connected to the shaft extension.
  • the screw pair is arranged in the inner cavity, and the screw pair includes a screw rod that is fixedly connected with the follow-up synchronous pulley and an anti-backlash nut that can move up and down along the screw rod.
  • the sliding block is arranged in the inner cavity, the sliding block is fixedly connected with the anti-backlash nut and can slide up and down along the screw rod, and the lower end of the sliding block is connected to the upper end of the plunger.
  • the plunger includes a plunger body and a step portion disposed on the upper end of the plunger body, and the lower end of the slider is provided with a notch, the notch includes a first inner diameter portion and a notch located at the upper end of the plunger body.
  • an adjusting top wire and a first elastic member are arranged in the first inner diameter portion, the first elastic member abuts the stepped portion above the stepped portion, and the upper end of the adjusting top wire is connected to the above-mentioned stepped portion.
  • the sliding block is connected, and the lower end of the adjusting top wire abuts the upper end of the first elastic member.
  • the transmission device further includes a guide rail pair, and the guide rail pair includes an optical axis and a linear bearing.
  • the optical axis is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity.
  • the linear bearing is arranged outside the optical axis and can slide up and down along the optical axis, and the linear bearing is also arranged in the slider. The slider can slide along the guide rail pair.
  • the pipette further includes a positioning mechanism, and the positioning mechanism includes a positioning sheet and a reference position sensor.
  • the positioning piece is arranged on the slider.
  • the reference position sensor is provided on the casing.
  • the pipette further includes a pipette head withdrawal mechanism, and the pipette head withdrawal mechanism includes a top rod, a sliding pressure block and a second elastic member.
  • the top rod is vertically arranged in the inner cavity and can slide vertically relative to the housing.
  • the sliding pressing block is arranged outside the injection tube and can slide along the injection tube, and the sliding pressing block is located under the ejector rod.
  • the second elastic member is disposed outside the top rod, the upper end of the second elastic member is connected to the housing, and the lower end of the second elastic member is connected to the sliding pressure block.
  • the center-to-center distance between two adjacent injection parts is 9 mm.
  • the present invention also provides a pipetting method using any of the above-mentioned pipettes.
  • the pipette and the pipetting method of the present invention by setting a reasonable working mode, the pipette can be configured on pipetting workstations for different purposes, not only can be applied to conventional target plate utensils, but also can be applied to ultra-small Target plate utensils, thereby greatly improving the preparation efficiency of target plate samples without wasting the utilization rate of the injection cavity.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a pipette according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the cover plate of the housing is removed in order to clearly show the internal structure of the pipette;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the pipette shown in Figure 1 along line A-A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic bottom view of the pipette shown in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 4 is the process schematic diagram of using the pipette according to the present invention to carry out the pipetting operation on the target plate vessel one;
  • Fig. 5 is the process schematic diagram of using the pipette according to the present invention to carry out the pipetting operation on the target plate vessel two;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the process of pipetting on the target plate vessel three using the pipette according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a pipette according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the cover plate of the housing is removed in order to clearly show the internal structure of the pipette;
  • FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 1 A cross-sectional view of the pipette along the line AA in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the pipette shown in FIG. 1;
  • 5 is a schematic diagram of the process of using the pipette according to the present invention to carry out the pipetting operation on the target plate vessel two;
  • FIG. 6 is the use of the pipette according to the present invention. Schematic diagram of the operation process.
  • the pipette 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 .
  • the illustrated pipette 100 includes a housing 110 , a driving device 120 provided outside the housing 110 , six injection parts 130 provided through the housing 110 , and a transmission device 140 .
  • the injection part 130 and the transmission device 140 constitute the actuator of the pipette 100 .
  • the housing 110 has an inner cavity 115 , and the inner cavity 115 can form an accommodation space for accommodating at least a part of the transmission device 140 of the pipette 100 and components such as the injection part 130 .
  • the housing 110 includes an upper end block 2 , a lower end block 13 , and a frame 6 disposed between the upper end block 2 and the lower end block 13 .
  • the upper end block 2 and the lower end block 13 can be connected to the frame 6 by welding connection or threaded fastener connection, and together with the frame 6 form an inner cavity 115 having an opening on the front side.
  • the housing 110 further includes a cover plate 24 covering the front side opening of the inner cavity 115, and the cover plate 24 can be detachably connected to the upper end block 2 and the lower end block 3 by means of threaded fasteners, so as to facilitate pipetting
  • the cover plate 24 can be detachably connected to the upper end block 2 and the lower end block 3 by means of threaded fasteners, so as to facilitate pipetting
  • At least a part of the transmission 140 of the device 100 , the injection part 130 and other components are arranged in the inner cavity 115 .
  • the housing 110 may be made of a higher strength metal material (eg, aluminum, copper, steel, etc.) in order to provide the mechanical strength required to support various components inside the housing 110 .
  • a higher strength metal material eg, aluminum, copper, steel, etc.
  • the housing 110 is made of aluminum alloy with lower density.
  • the driving device 120 is disposed outside the casing and is fixedly connected with the casing 110 . Specifically, in this embodiment, the driving device 120 is fixedly connected to the upper end block 2 of the housing 110 .
  • the drive device 120 can provide energy to the injection part 130 during operation of the pipette 100 .
  • the pipette 110 further includes six injection parts 130 , and the injection parts 130 are disposed through the housing 110 .
  • the injection part 130 is vertically disposed through the lower end block 13 of the housing 110 . Liquid can be drawn into the injection part 130 or discharged from the injection part 130 .
  • the six injection parts 130 are arranged in a 2 ⁇ 3 matrix.
  • the pipette 100 of the present invention can be configured on pipetting workstations for different purposes, not only can be applied to conventional target plate utensils, but also can be applied to ultra-small target plate Therefore, the preparation efficiency of the target plate sample is greatly improved without wasting the utilization rate of the injection cavity.
  • the operation process of pipetting using the pipette 100 of the present invention will be described in more detail later with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6 .
  • the transmission device 140 is connected to each of the 6 injection parts 130 and the driving device 120 so that the 6 injection parts 130 perform aspiration or discharge synchronously.
  • the transmission 140 is disposed in the inner cavity 115 of the housing 110 so as to be connected to each of the six injection members 130 in the inner cavity 115 of the housing 110, and
  • the transmission device 140 is connected with the driving device 120 , so that the driving device 120 can drive the six injection parts 130 through the transmission device 140 to perform liquid suction or discharge synchronously, which ensures the consistency of the movements of the six injection parts 130 .
  • each of the injection components 130 includes a syringe 14 , a plunger 17 , a seal 26 , and a pipetting head 16 .
  • the injection tube 14 is arranged through the housing 110 and is fixedly arranged relative to the housing 110 .
  • An injection cavity 131 is formed inside the injection tube 14, and the lower end of the injection tube 14 has a convex and concave portion.
  • the injection tube 14 is provided through the lower end block 13 of the housing 110 .
  • the plunger 17 is arranged in the injection cavity 131, and the upper end of the plunger 17 is connected with the transmission device 140 so as to be able to move at least between the maximum liquid suction position and the maximum liquid discharge position.
  • the “maximum suction position” referred to here refers to the position where the maximum volume is suctioned in the injection part 130 (specifically, the pipette head 16 with the maximum volume or volume of the injection part 130 which will be described in detail below).
  • the position of the plunger 17 when the liquid is located is the position where the lower end of the plunger 17 is located at the uppermost end of the injection cavity 131 .
  • the “maximum discharge position” refers to the position at which the plunger 17 is located when the liquid is completely discharged from the injection part 130 .
  • the sealing member 26 is provided outside the plunger 17 and on the upper part of the injection cavity 131 for sealing the injection cavity 131 .
  • the pipetting head 16 is assembled at the convex and concave portion of the lower end of the syringe 14 by interference fit, so as to realize static sealing. Wherein, the pipette heads 16 with different ranges can be assembled at the convex and concave portion of the lower end of the injection tube 14 according to requirements.
  • the pipette tip 16 may be a pipette tip with a standardized volume of 10 microliters to 1000 microliters.
  • the pipetting head 16 is a disposable item, usually made of plastic, which is a consumable item and is discarded after one liquid treatment is completed.
  • the syringe 14 can be inserted into the pipette head 16 by moving axially downward together with the housing 100 , so that the disposable pipette heads 16 of different ranges can be inserted with the convex and concave structure of the syringe 14 .
  • the pipette head 16 is immersed in the liquid to be suctioned, the plunger 17 is driven by the transmission device 140 to move upward toward the maximum suction position, and the liquid is sucked into the pipette head 16; during the discharge process, the plunger 17 Driven by the transmission device 140 to move downward toward the maximum discharge position, the liquid is discharged from the pipetting head 16 . It should be noted that, during the liquid suction or discharge process, the liquid does not enter the injection cavity 131, but only stays in the pipetting head 16, thereby avoiding cross-contamination of the liquid.
  • the size of the range of each liquid treatment depends on the volume of the pipetting head 16 used, and the size of the range of liquid treatment depends on the volume of the plunger 17 or the maximum suction position of the plunger 17, wherein,
  • the maximum pipetting position of the plunger 17 can be configured such that during pipetting, the liquid just fills the pipetting head 16 of maximum volume or volume without entering the injection chamber 131 .
  • the injection part 130 further includes a sealing adjustment nut 12 to press the sealing member 26 against the upper part of the injection cavity 131 .
  • the sealing member 26 is an O-shaped sealing ring, and is sandwiched between the injection tube 14 and the sealing adjustment nut 12.
  • the O-shaped sealing ring 26 and the sealing adjustment nut 12 can seal the injection tube 14 and the column.
  • the plug 17 is connected in a sliding and sealing manner to achieve sliding sealing.
  • the transmission device 140 drives the plunger 17 to move upward along the axial direction of the plunger 17, so that the liquid is sucked into the pipette head 16, and during the liquid discharge process, the transmission device 140 drives the plunger 17 along the plunger The axial direction of 17 moves downwards so that the liquid is expelled from the pipetting head 16 .
  • the driving device 120 includes a motor 1 having a shaft extension 121
  • the transmission device 140 includes a motion pair 141 , a screw pair 142 and a slider 10 .
  • the motion pair 141 is connected to the housing 110 , and the motion pair 141 includes a driving synchronous pulley 3 , a synchronous belt 4 and a follow-up synchronous pulley 5 , wherein the driving synchronous pulley 3 is connected to the motor 1 .
  • Shaft extension 121 As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 2 , the motion pair 141 is connected to the housing 110 , and the motion pair 141 includes a driving synchronous pulley 3 , a synchronous belt 4 and a follow-up synchronous pulley 5 , wherein the driving synchronous pulley 3 is connected to the motor 1 .
  • Shaft extension 121 is provided to the housing 110 , and the motion pair 141 includes a driving synchronous pulley 3 , a synchronous belt 4 and a follow-up synchronous pulley 5 , wherein the driving synchronous pulley 3 is connected to the motor 1 .
  • the motion pair 141 is connected to the upper end block 2 of the housing 110, and the driving synchronous pulley 3 is fixedly connected to the shaft extension 121 of the motor 1, so as to be able to move together with the shaft extension 121 of the motor 1, and
  • the inner teeth of the synchronous belt 4 can mesh with the outer teeth of the driving synchronous pulley 3 and the follower synchronous pulley 5, so that when the shaft extension 121 of the motor 1 drives the driving synchronous pulley 3 to rotate, the driving synchronous pulley 3 can pass through the synchronization.
  • the belt 4 drives the follow-up synchronous pulley 5 to rotate together.
  • the motor 1 is further provided with an encoder (not shown), so as to control the rotational speed, forward and reverse rotation and other motion parameters of the motor 1 .
  • the screw pair 142 is arranged in the inner cavity 115 , and the screw pair 142 includes a screw 8 fixedly connected with the follower synchronous pulley 5 and an anti-backlash nut 20 that can move up and down along the screw 8 .
  • the anti-backlash nut 20 is threadedly connected with the screw rod 8 , so that the anti-backlash nut 20 can move upward or downward in the axial direction of the screw rod 8 .
  • the screw pair 142 further includes an upper bearing 23 and a lower bearing 25 arranged outside the screw 8, wherein the upper bearing 23 is also fixedly arranged in the upper end block 2 of the housing 110, and the lower bearing 25 is fixedly arranged in the housing 110 in the lower end block 13.
  • the upper bearing 23 , the lower bearing 25 and the screw rod 8 are coaxially arranged, so that the screw rod 8 maintains a vertical state during the rotation process, thereby driving the anti-backlash nut 20 to move axially upward or downward.
  • the sliding block 10 is arranged in the inner cavity 115 , the sliding block 10 is fixedly connected with the anti-backlash nut 20 and can slide up and down along the screw 8 , and the lower end of the sliding block 10 is connected to the upper end of the plunger 17 .
  • the screw 8 can drive the anti-backlash nut 20 to move axially upward or downward
  • the anti-backlash nut 20 is fixedly connected with the slider 10
  • the lower end of the slider 10 is connected to the upper end of the plunger 17, it can be seen that,
  • the follow-up synchronous pulley 5 drives the screw 8 to rotate, the slider 10 can slide up and down along the screw 8 to drive the plunger 17 to move up and down, and then perform liquid suction or discharge.
  • the plunger 17 includes a plunger body and a stepped portion 171 provided at an upper end of the plunger body.
  • the stepped portion 171 is connected to the plunger body and protrudes from the plunger body.
  • the lower end of the slider 10 is provided with a slot 28 .
  • the slot 28 includes a first inner diameter portion and a second inner diameter portion located at a lower end of the first inner diameter portion. The inner diameter of the first inner diameter portion is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the stepped portion 171 of the plunger 17 .
  • the inner diameter of the second inner diameter portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the first inner diameter portion to form an abutment surface in the notch 28 , and the inner diameter of the second inner diameter portion is equal to the outer diameter of the plunger body, and the stepped portion 171 of the plunger 17 can abut against The upper part of the resting surface is fitted with the resting surface. In this way, the plunger 17 will not have any displacement in the horizontal direction relative to the slider 10, which is beneficial to the accuracy of the injection part 130 during the pipetting process.
  • the abutment surface in the slot 28A is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plunger 17 .
  • a first elastic member 18 and an adjusting top wire 19 are also arranged in the first inner diameter portion of the slot 28 of the slider 10 .
  • the first elastic member 18 is disposed above the stepped portion 171 of the plunger 17 and abuts against the stepped portion 171 of the plunger 17 .
  • the adjusting top wire 19 is arranged above the first elastic member 18 .
  • the upper end of the adjusting top wire 19 is connected to the slider 10 , and the lower end of the adjusting top wire 19 abuts against the upper end of the first elastic member 18 .
  • the first elastic member 18 In the working state of the pipette 100, the first elastic member 18 is in a compressed state or a natural extension state. In this way, the plunger 17 does not have any displacement in the vertical direction relative to the slider 10 .
  • the transmission device 140 further includes a guide rail pair 145 , and the guide rail pair 145 includes the optical axis 7 and a linear bearing (not shown).
  • the optical axis 7 is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity 115 .
  • the guide rail pair 145 includes two optical axes 7, which are arranged side by side at intervals on both sides of the screw 8 and are fixedly arranged between the upper end block 2 and the lower end block 13 through the slider 10 During this time, the longitudinal axis of the optical axis 7 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the screw 8 .
  • the linear bearing is arranged outside the optical axis 7 and can slide up and down along the optical axis 7 , and the linear bearing is also arranged in the slider 10 , wherein the slider 10 can slide along the guide rail pair 145 .
  • the optical axis 7 is used as the slide rail of the slider 10 to guide the slider 10 to slide up and down along the optical axis 7, so that when the driving device 120 drives the screw 8 to rotate, the anti-backlash nut 20 drives the slider 10 to slide along the optical axis 7.
  • the optical axis 7 slides up and down, that is, the slider 10 can slide along the guide rail pair 145 .
  • the pipette 100 further includes a positioning mechanism 150.
  • the positioning mechanism 150 includes a positioning piece 21 and a reference position sensor 22.
  • the positioning piece 21 is provided on the slider 10, and the reference position sensor 22 is provided on the housing. 110 on.
  • the positioning piece 21 is arranged on the lower part of the slider 10
  • the reference position sensor 22 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower end block 13 of the housing 110 , and the positioning piece 21 and the reference position sensor 22 are vertically opposite to each other. so that when the positioning piece 21 moves downward with the slider 10, the reference position sensor 22 can detect the position of the slider 10 by detecting the position of the positioning piece 21, and then the pipetting head 16 can be judged by the position of the slider 10.
  • the slider 10 drives the plunger 17 to move downward.
  • the positioning piece 21 on the slider 10 detects the initial position signal, it stops running and records this position as the initial position (reset).
  • the reference position sensor 22 can also be connected to the encoder of the motor 1 to feed back the real-time position of the slider 10 to the encoder.
  • the reference position sensor 22 may be a photoelectric sensor.
  • the pipette 100 further includes a pipette head withdrawal mechanism 160
  • the pipette head withdrawal mechanism 160 includes a top rod 11 , a sliding pressing block 15 and a second elastic member 27 .
  • the ejector rod 11 is vertically disposed in the inner cavity 115 and can slide vertically relative to the housing 110 .
  • the sliding pressure block 15 is disposed outside the injection tube 14 and can slide along the injection pipe 14 , and the sliding pressure block 15 is located below the ejector rod 11 .
  • the second elastic member 27 is disposed outside the top rod 11 , the upper end of the second elastic member 27 is connected to the housing 110 , and the lower end of the second elastic member 27 is connected to the sliding pressure block 15 .
  • the top rod 11 is vertically disposed in the inner cavity 115 through the lower end block 13 of the housing 110 , the top rod 11 is located under the slider 10 and is fixedly connected to the sliding pressure block 15 .
  • the second elastic member 27 is in a natural extension state.
  • the slider 10 can go down by a few millimeters.
  • the slider 10 moves down and pushes the ejector rod 11 and the sliding pressure block 15.
  • the upper portion of the pipetting head 16 disposed outside the syringe 14 applies pressure so that the pipetting head 16 falls from the syringe 14 .
  • the sliding pressing block 15 is reset under the elastic force of the second elastic member 27 .
  • the sliding pressure block 15 of the pipette head exit mechanism 160 is directly sleeved outside the injection tube 14 , and the ejector rod 11 and the sliding pressure block 15 are driven by the slider 10 to move downward, that is, The pipette head 16 can be withdrawn, and the driving device 120 of the plunger 17 is directly used as the driving device of the sliding pressure block 15.
  • the structure is simple and compact, and no complicated pipette head withdrawal mechanism and driving electromagnetic components are required, thereby reducing the cost.
  • the center-to-center distance between two adjacent injection parts 130 is 9 mm.
  • the six injection parts 130 are arranged in a 2 ⁇ 3 matrix, so that the pipette 100 of the present invention can be configured on the pipetting workstations of different purposes under the automatic structure.
  • the target plate utensils with a distance of 9mm can also be applied to various target plate utensils with a center distance of 4.5mm and 2.25mm, and in the process of sample preparation, the channel utilization rate is not wasted.
  • the working modes of the pipette 100 according to the present invention on target plates of different sizes are described.
  • Figures 4 to 6 show target plate vessels that have been standardized on the market today.
  • the target plate vessel 200 is shown in FIG. 4 , wherein the target plate vessel 200 includes 96 accommodating parts 201 for accommodating samples, and the 96 accommodating parts 201 are arranged and distributed in an 8 ⁇ 12 matrix, and the The center-to-center distance between two adjacent accommodating portions 201 is 9 mm.
  • the pipette 100 first completes the preparation of the sample on the six accommodating parts 201 located at the position 0, and then moves the injection part 130 downward, so that the injection part 130 is located at the position 0.
  • Above the 6 accommodating parts 201 at site 1 and complete the preparation of the sample similarly, make the injection parts 130 respectively located above the sites 2, 3, . . .
  • samples prepared by the component 130 are evenly distributed on each accommodating portion 201 of the target plate vessel 200 , and are only distributed in the accommodating portion of the target plate vessel 200 , not outside the target plate vessel 200 .
  • samples can be prepared in 6 accommodating parts 201 at the same time, which significantly improves the efficiency of sample preparation; on the other hand, the prepared samples can be evenly distributed in the in the accommodating portion 201 , and will not fall on other areas outside the target plate vessel 200 .
  • the target plate vessel 300 is shown in FIG. 5 , wherein the target plate vessel 300 includes 96 accommodating parts 301 for accommodating samples, and the 96 accommodating parts 301 are arranged and distributed in a matrix of 8 ⁇ 12, and the The center-to-center distance between two adjacent accommodating portions 301 is 4.5 mm.
  • the pipette 100 first completes the preparation of the sample on the 6 receptacles 301 located at the site 0, and then moves the injection part 130 to the 6 receptacles 301 located at the site 1. Above the accommodating parts 301 and complete the preparation of the sample, similarly, the injection part 130 is located above the sites 2, 3, .
  • the target plate vessel 400 is shown in FIG. 6 , wherein the target plate vessel 400 includes 96 accommodating portions 401 for accommodating samples, and the 96 accommodating portions 401 are arranged and distributed in an 8 ⁇ 12 matrix, and the The center-to-center distance between two adjacent accommodating portions 401 is 2.25 mm.
  • the pipette 100 first completes the preparation of the sample on the 6 receptacles 401 located at the site 0, and then moves the injection part 130 to the 6 receptacles 401 located at the site 1. Above the accommodating parts 401 and complete the preparation of the sample, similarly, the injection part 130 is located above the positions 2, 3, .
  • pipette 100 of the present invention is also applicable to any number of stacked target plates, such as two, three or more target plates.
  • the pipette 100 of the present invention can be configured on pipetting workstations for different purposes, and can be applied not only to conventional target plate vessels, but also to ultra-small target plate vessels, so that injections are not wasted.
  • the preparation efficiency of the target plate sample is greatly improved, and it has high economical practicability and scalability.
  • the motor 1 When the liquid transfer starts, the motor 1 is put into operation in a timely manner, and the drive synchronous pulley 3 drives the follow-up synchronous pulley 5 to rotate through the synchronous belt 4, thereby driving the screw 8 to rotate, and the screw 8 drives the slider 10 along the optical axis through the anti-backlash nut 20.
  • the slider 10 can drive the plunger 17 to move up and down in the injection tube 14, so as to perform liquid suction or discharge.
  • the plunger 17 moves upward, and the liquid is sucked into the pipetting head 16 , and when the plunger 17 moves downward, the liquid is discharged from the pipetting head 16 .
  • the liquid does not enter the injection cavity 131, but only stays in the pipetting head 16, thereby avoiding cross-contamination of the liquid.
  • a target plate vessel 300 is used to prepare a sample.
  • the target plate vessel 300 includes 96 accommodating portions for accommodating samples, and the 96 accommodating portions 301 are arranged and distributed in an 8 ⁇ 12 matrix. And the center-to-center distance between two adjacent accommodating portions 301 is 4.5 mm.
  • the pipette 100 first completes the preparation of the sample on the 6 receptacles 301 located at the site 0, and then moves the injection part 130 to the 6 receptacles 301 located at the site 1.
  • the injection part 130 is located above the sites 2, 3, .
  • Distributed on each accommodating portion 301 of the target plate vessel 300 and only distributed in the accommodating portion of the target plate vessel 300 , and not distributed outside the target plate vessel 300 .

Abstract

一种移液器（100）和移液方法。移液器（100）包括壳体（110）、驱动装置（120）、6个注射部件（130）以及传动装置（140）。壳体（110）具有内腔（115），驱动装置（120）设置在壳体（110）外侧。注射部件（130）穿过壳体（110）设置，其中，6个注射部件（130）排列成2×3的矩阵形式。传动装置（140）的至少一部分设置在内腔（115）中。传动装置（140）连接至6个注射部件（130）中的每一者和驱动装置（120），以使6个注射部件（130）同步地进行吸液或排液。根据该移液器（100）和移液方法，通过设置合理的工作模式，移液器（100）能够配置在不同用途的移液工作站上，不仅可以适用于常规的靶板器皿，还可以适用于超小型的靶板器皿，从而在不浪费注射腔的使用率的前提下，大大提高了靶板样品的制备效率。

Description

移液器和移液方法 技术领域
本发明涉及移液器技术领域，尤其涉及移液器和移液方法。
背景技术
随着移液器及其相关技术在生命科学、临床检验、分子医学、生物安全、生物医药与健康等领域的发展，在分子水平的检测应用涵盖了临床诊断、临床分子诊断、分子病理诊断、生命科学、生物信息、生物安全防护、药学研究等诸多行业，并且作为重要的检测仪器广泛应用于高等院校、科研院所、卫生医疗机构、CDC(Centers for Disease Control，疾病控制中心)、动植物检疫、食品安全、水产畜牧养殖、公安、生物反恐、医药研发等部门和单位。
在相关领域的检测中，往往需要对生物材料和样品(通常为液态)进行许多前期处理工作，从而需要花费大量的人力进行人工移液、加样、混合等工作，使得样品的前期处理工作面临效率低下、重复率低、错误率高、操作者容易被污染等问题。因此，需要采用高通量自动化的生物样品前处理设备，使得能够在短时间内批量进行移液、加样、混合等操作以及制备大量生物性检材的样品。
由于装载生物样品的靶板器皿种类繁多，因此，能够适应多种靶板器皿的生物样品自动化处理系统目前已经成为现代生命科学研究和生物技术应用的完整系统中必备的基础设备。本发明的移液器就是生物样品自动化处理系统中的核心技术单元，并且能够应用于由多通道电动移液器组合构成的移液工作站。
就此技术单元来说，我们可以把它等效为电动注射器。因为电动注射器的工作对象为各种不同用途且已经标准化的靶板器皿，所以当电动注射器的注射腔的数量大于2时，相邻注射腔的中心轴线之间的中心距必须满足靶板器皿的基础中心距(通常为9mm)这一要求，使得注射器的注射腔之间的结构空间极其狭窄，而且还要在如此逼 仄的空间中安装各种机械零件、电机和多种用途的传感器等部件。基于以上缺陷和不足，不同厂家的技术之争，也主要体现在移液执行机构的结构形式上。国内外现有的技术方案根据移液器对液体的抽吸驱动方法不同主要分为两种：气液混合置换式和气体置换式。
气液混合置换式式移液器由电动工业注射泵、注射器、换向阀、稳压器、导管、移液头、传感器、移液执行机构组成。导管的后端经由稳压器、换向阀、压力传感器等连接在电动工业注射泵的注射器上，由电动工业注射泵的作用使注射器和导管内充满液体，形成具有注射器柱塞功能的液体柱塞，导管的前端及其部件与可更换移液头形成对接，仅在移液头中保留气隙，隔离液体柱塞和样本液体。此方法的优点是把电动往复运动注射机构和压力传感器等分离出去，只有一根细导管进入移液执行机构，大大减轻了移液执行机构组件的设计压力和载荷，满足靶板器皿基础中心距要求。同时，可以使移液执行机构往复运动轴线与机构支点垂线距离最短化，减轻了由于移液执行机构沿其轴线向下与移液头频繁进行压入式连接时产生的有害倾覆力矩和支撑部件疲劳变形。且由于液体柱塞和样本液体之间的隔离气隙很小，移液精度高。缺点是存在气液管路压力系统，组件多，调试复杂且维护成本高。而且当室温较低时容易产生漏液。
气体置换式移液器由电机、金属或其他材料制成的注射器、传感器、移液执行机构组成。通常情况下，固体材料柱塞的往复运动由电机通过连轴器或其他连接部件驱动螺杆或同步齿形带进行。也就是说电动往复运动注射机构和压力传感器等部件与移液执行机构组装在一起，无须复杂的压力管路和泵系，结构层次分明，大大减小了单元结构安装与调试的工作量。固体柱塞与样本液体隔离气隙取决于结构设计让步的结果，隔离气隙越小，移液不确定度范围越小，反之则会使不确定度范围变大。
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种移液器，其属于气体置换式移液器，该移液器既能满足相邻注射腔的运动轴线之间的中心距为靶板器皿的基础中心距，又不会浪费注射腔的使用率，不仅可以适用于常规的靶板器皿，还可以适用于超小型的靶板器皿，大大提高了靶板样品的制备效率，具有较高的经济实用性和可扩展性，从而至少部分地解决现有技术中存在的上述缺陷和不足。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种移液器。所述移液器包括壳体、驱动装置、6个注射部件以及传动装置。所述壳体具有内腔。所述驱动装置设置在所述壳体外侧。所述注射部件穿过所述壳体设置，其中，所述6个注射部件排列成2×3的矩阵形式。所述传动装置的至少一部分设置在所述内腔中，所述传动装置连接至所述6个注射部件中的每一者和所述驱动装置，以使所述6个注射部件同步地进行吸液或排液。
优选地，所述注射部件中的每一者均包括注射管、柱塞、密封件以及移液头。所述注射管穿过所述壳体设置，所述注射管内部形成有注射腔，并且所述注射管的下端具有凸凹部。所述柱塞设置在所述注射腔中，所述柱塞的上端与所述传动装置连接，以至少能够在最大吸液位置和最大排液位置之间运动。所述密封件设置在所述柱塞外部，并且设置在所述注射腔上部，用于密封所述注射腔。所述移液头通过过盈配合装配在所述凸凹部处。
优选地，所述驱动装置包括电机，所述电机具有轴伸，并且所述传动装置包括运动副、螺杆副以及滑块。所述运动副与所述壳体连接，所述运动副包括驱动同步带轮、同步带和随动同步带轮，其中所述驱动同步带轮固定连接至所述轴伸。所述螺杆副设置在所述内腔中，所述螺杆副包括与所述随动同步带轮固定连接的螺杆和能够沿所述螺杆上下运动的消隙螺母。所述滑块设置在所述内腔中，所述滑块与所述消隙螺母固定连接并且能够沿所述螺杆上下滑动，所述滑块的下端连接至所述柱塞的上端。
优选地，所述柱塞包括柱塞本体和设置在所述柱塞本体的上端的台阶部，并且所述滑块的下端设置有槽口，所述槽口包括第一内径部和位于所述第一内径部下端的第二内径部，所述第一内径部的内径大于或等于所述台阶部的外径，所述第二内径部的内径小于所述第一内径部的内径以在所述槽口中形成抵靠面，并且所述第二内径部的内径等于所述柱塞本体的外径，所述台阶部能够在所述抵靠面上方与所述抵靠面贴合。
优选地，所述第一内径部中设置有调节顶丝和第一弹性件，所述第一弹性件在所述台阶部的上方抵靠所述台阶部，所述调节顶丝的上端与所述滑块连接，所述调节顶丝的下端抵靠所述第一弹性件的上端。
优选地，所述传动装置还包括导轨副，所述导轨副包括光轴以及直线轴承。所述光轴固定设置在所述内腔中。所述直线轴承设置在所述光轴外部并且能够沿所述光轴上下滑动，所述直线轴承还设置在所述滑块中。所述滑块能够沿所述导轨副滑动。
优选地，所述移液器还包括定位机构，所述定位机构包括定位片以及基准位置传感器。所述定位片设置在所述滑块上。所述基准位置传感器设置在所述壳体上。
优选地，所述移液器还包括移液头退出机构，所述移液头退出机构包括顶杆、滑动压块以及第二弹性件。所述顶杆竖直设置在所述内腔中，并且能够相对于所述壳体竖向滑动。所述滑动压块设置在所述注射管外部，并且能够沿所述注射管滑动，所述滑动压块位于所述顶杆下方。所述第二弹性件设置在所述顶杆外部，所述第二弹性件的上端连接所述壳体，所述第二弹性件的下端连接所述滑动压块。
优选地，相邻的两个所述注射部件之间的中心距为9mm。
本发明还提供一种移液方法，所述移液方法使用上述任一种移液器。
根据本发明的移液器和移液方法，通过设置合理的工作模式，移液器能够配置在不同用途的移液工作站上，不仅可以适用于常规的靶板器皿，还可以适用于超小型的靶板器皿，从而在不浪费注射腔的使用率的前提下，大大提高了靶板样品的制备效率。
附图说明
以示例的方式参考以下附图描述本发明的非限制性且非穷举性实施例，其中：
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的移液器的正视图，其中，移除了壳体的盖板，以便清楚地示出移液器的内部结构；
图2是图1中示出的移液器的沿图1中A-A线的剖视图；
图3是图1中示出的移液器的仰视示意图；
图4是使用根据本发明的移液器在靶板器皿一上进行移液操作的过程示意图；
图5是使用根据本发明的移液器在靶板器皿二上进行移液操作的过程示意图；以及
图6是使用根据本发明的移液器在靶板器皿三上进行移液操作的过程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明的第一方面中，提供一种移液器。图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的移液器的正视图，其中，移除了壳体的盖板，以便清楚地示出移液器的内部结构；图2是图1中示出的移液器的沿图1中A-A线的剖视图；图3是图1中示出的移液器的仰视示意图；图4是使用根据本发明的移液器在靶板器皿一上进行移液操作的过程示意图；图5是使用根据本发明的移液器在靶板器皿二上进行移液操作的过程示意图；以及图6是使用根据本发明的移液器在靶板器皿三上进行移液操作的过程示意图。下面将结合图1至图6详细描述根据本发明的一个实施例的移液器100。
如图1至图3所示，所示移液器100包括壳体110、设置在壳体110外侧的驱动装置120、穿过壳体110设置的6个注射部件130、以及传动装置140。其中，注射部件130和传动装置140构成了移液器100的执行机构。
如图1至图3所示，壳体110具有内腔115，该内腔115可以形成容纳空间，以容纳移液器100的传动装置140的至少一部分以及注射部件130等部件。具体地，在本实施例中，壳体110包括上端块2、下端块13以及设置在上端块2与下端块13之间的机架6。上端块2和下端块13可以通过焊接连接或螺纹紧固件连接的方式连接至机架6，并且与机架6共同围成具有前侧开口的内腔115。此外，壳体110还包括覆盖内腔115的前侧开口的盖板24，盖板24可以通过螺纹紧固件连接的方式可拆卸地连接至上端块2和下端块3，以便于将移液器100的传动装置140的至少一部分、注射部件130等部件设置在内腔115中。
壳体110的至少一部分可以由强度较高的金属材料(例如铝、铜、钢等)制成，以便于提供支撑壳体110内部的各个部件所需的机械强度。优选地，在本实施例中，壳体110由密度较低的铝合金制成。
如图1所示，驱动装置120设置在壳体外侧，并且与壳体110固定连接。具体地，在本实施例中，驱动装置120与壳体110的上端块2固定连接。驱动装置120能够在移液器100的操作过程中为注射部件130提供能量。
如图1至图3所示，移液器110还包括6个注射部件130，注射部件130穿过壳体110设置。具体地，在本实施例中，注射部件130竖直穿过壳体110的下端块13设置。液体能够被吸入注射部件130中或者从注射部件130中排出。此外，6个注射部件130排列成2×3的矩阵形式。以此方式设置，使得通过设置合理的工作模式，本发明的移液器100能够配置在不同用途的移液工作站上，不仅可以适用于常规的靶板器皿，还可以适用于超小型的靶板器皿，从而在不浪费注射腔使用率的前提下，大大提高了靶板样品的制备效率。后文将结合图4至图6更详细地描述使用本发明的移液器100进行移液的操作过程。
如图1至图2所示，传动装置140连接至6个注射部件130中的每一者和驱动装置120，以使6个注射部件130同步地进行吸液或排液。具体地，在本实施例中，传动装置140的至少一部分设置在壳体110的内腔115中，从而在壳体110的内腔115中连接至6个注射部件130中的每一者，并且传动装置140与驱动装置120连接，使得驱动装置120能够通过传动装置140带动6个注射部件130同步地进行吸液或排液，保证了6个注射部件130动作的一致性。
如图1至图2所示，注射部件130中的每一者均包括注射管14、柱塞17、密封件26以及移液头16。注射管14穿过壳体110设置，并且相对于壳体110固定设置。注射管14内部形成有注射腔131，并且注射管14的下端具有凸凹部。具体地，在本实施例中，注射管14穿过壳体110的下端块13设置。柱塞17设置在注射腔131中，柱塞17的上端与传动装置140连接，以至少能够在最大吸液位置和最大排液位置之间运动。需要说明的是，这里所说的“最大吸液位置”是指在注射部件130(具体地，在下文将要详细描述的注射部件130的最大容积或量程的移液头16)中吸入最大量程的液体时柱塞17所处的位置，可以理解，在本实施例中，最大吸液位置是柱塞17的下端位于注射腔131的最上端的位置。相应地，“最大排液位置”是指将液体完全排出注射部件130时柱塞17所处的位置。当柱塞17朝向最大吸液位置运动时，注射部件130进行吸液，当柱塞17朝向最大排液位置运动时，注射部件130进行排液。密封件26设置在柱塞17外部，并且设置在注射腔131上部，用于密封注射腔131。移 液头16通过过盈配合装配在注射管14的下端的凸凹部处，以实现静密封。其中，根据需要，具有不同量程的移液头16可以装配在注射管14的下端的凸凹部处。例如，移液头16可以为标准化的容积为10微升至1000微升的移液头。移液头16为一次性用品，通常采用塑料制成，属于消耗品，完成一次液体处理后就丢弃。并且其中，注射管14可以通过与壳体100一起轴向向下运动而与移液头16插接，从而利用注射管14的凸凹结构插接不同量程的一次性移液头16。
在吸液过程中，移液头16浸入待吸入的液体中，柱塞17被传动装置140带动而向上朝向最大吸液位置运动，液体吸入移液头16；在排液过程中，柱塞17被传动装置140带动而向下朝向最大排出位置运动，液体排出移液头16。需要说明的是，在吸液或排液过程中，液体并未进入注射腔131，而是仅停留在移液头16内，从而避免了液体的交叉污染。因此，每一次液体处理的量程大小，取决于所使用的移液头16的容积，而液体处理的量程范围的大小则取决于柱塞17的体积或者柱塞17的最大吸液位置，其中，柱塞17的最大移液位置可以被配置为使得在吸液过程中，液体刚好充满最大容积或量程的移液头16而不会进入注射腔131中。
如图1至图2所示，注射部件130还包括密封调节螺母12，以将密封件26抵靠在注射腔131上部。具体地，在本实施例中，密封件26为O型密封环，并且夹设在注射管14和密封调节螺母12之间，O型密封环26和密封调节螺母12能够将注射管14和柱塞17滑动密封连接，实现滑动密封。在吸液过程中，传动装置140带动柱塞17沿柱塞17的轴向方向向上运动，使得液体被吸入移液头16，而在排液过程中，传动装置140带动柱塞17沿柱塞17的轴向方向向下运动，使得液体被排出移液头16。
如图1至图2所示，驱动装置120包括电机1，电机1具有轴伸121，并且传动装置140包括运动副141、螺杆副142以及滑块10。
如图1至图2所示，运动副141与壳体110连接，运动副141包括驱动同步带轮3、同步带4和随动同步带轮5，其中驱动同步带轮3连接至电机1的轴伸121。具体地，在本实施例中，运动副141与壳体110的上端块2连接，驱动同步带轮3固定连接至电机1的轴伸121，以能够与电机1的轴伸121一起运动，并且同步带4的内齿能够与驱动同步带轮3和随动同步带轮5的外齿啮合，使得当电机1的轴伸121带动驱动同步带轮3转动时，驱动同步带轮3能够通过同步带4带动随动同步带轮5一起 转动。优选地，电机1还设置有编码器(未示出)，以便于控制电机1的转速、正反转等运动参数。
螺杆副142设置在内腔115中，螺杆副142包括与随动同步带轮5固定连接的螺杆8和能够沿螺杆8上下运动的消隙螺母20。其中，消隙螺母20与螺杆8螺纹连接，使得消隙螺母20能够沿螺杆8轴向向上或向下运动。优选地，螺杆副142还包括设置在螺杆8的外部的上轴承23和下轴承25，其中，上轴承23还固定设置在壳体110的上端块2中，并且下轴承25固定设置在壳体110的下端块13中。此外，上轴承23、下轴承25和螺杆8同轴设置，使得螺杆8在转动过程中保持竖直状态，从而带动消隙螺母20轴向向上或向下运动。
滑块10设置在内腔115中，滑块10与消隙螺母20固定连接并且能够沿螺杆8上下滑动，滑块10的下端连接至柱塞17的上端。如上所述，由于螺杆8能够带动消隙螺母20轴向向上或向下运动，而消隙螺母20与滑块10固定连接，滑块10的下端连接至柱塞17的上端，由此可知，当随动同步带轮5带动螺杆8转动时，滑块10能够沿螺杆8上下滑动从而带动柱塞17上下运动，进而进行吸液或排液。
如图1至图2所示，柱塞17包括柱塞本体和设置在柱塞本体的上端的台阶部171。台阶部171连接至柱塞本体并且突出于柱塞本体。滑块10的下端设置有槽口28。槽口28包括第一内径部和位于第一内径部下端的第二内径部。第一内径部的内径大于或等于柱塞17的台阶部171的外径。第二内径部的内径小于第一内径部的内径以形成在槽口28中形成抵靠面，并且第二内径部的内径等于柱塞本体的外径，柱塞17的台阶部171能够在抵靠面上方与抵靠面贴合。以此方式设置，使得柱塞17相对于滑块10在水平方向上不会产生任何位移，有利于注射部件130在移液过程中的精准性。
如图1至图2所示，在本实施例中，槽口28A中的抵靠面垂直于柱塞17的纵向轴线。滑块10的槽口28的第一内径部中还设置有第一弹性件18和调节顶丝19。其中，第一弹性件18设置在柱塞17的台阶部171的上方并且抵靠柱塞17的台阶部171。调节顶丝19设置在第一弹性件18上方。其中，调节顶丝19的上端与滑块10连接，调节顶丝19的下端抵靠第一弹性件18的上端。在移液器100的工作状态下，第一弹性件18处于压缩状态或自然伸展状态。以此方式设置，使得柱塞17相对于滑块10在竖向方向上不会产生任何位移。
如图1至图2所示，传动装置140还包括导轨副145，导轨副145包括光轴7和直线轴承(未示出)。光轴7固定设置在内腔115中。具体地，在本实施例中，导轨副145包括两个光轴7，两个光轴7并排间隔设置在螺杆8的两侧并且穿过滑块10固定设置在上端块2和下端块13之间，光轴7的纵向轴线平行于螺杆8的纵向轴线。直线轴承设置在光轴7的外部并且能够沿光轴7上下滑动，直线轴承还设置在滑块10中，其中，滑块10能够沿导轨副145滑动。以此方式设计，使得光轴7作为滑块10的滑轨，用于引导滑块10沿光轴7上下滑动，从而当驱动装置120驱动螺杆8转动时，消隙螺母20带动滑块10沿光轴7上下滑动，即滑块10能够沿导轨副145滑动。
如图1至图2所示，移液器100还包括定位机构150，定位机构150包括定位片21和基准位置传感器22，定位片21设置在滑块10上，基准位置传感器22设置在壳体110上。具体地，在本实施例中，定位片21设置在滑块10的下部，并且基准位置传感22设置在壳体110的下端块13的上表面，定位片21与基准位置传感器22竖向对准，使得当定位片21随滑块10向下移动时，基准位置传感22能够通过检测定位片21的位置来检测滑块10的位置，进而可以通过滑块10的位置判断移液头16的初始位置和实时位置。初始化时，滑块10带动柱塞17向下运动，滑块10上的定位片21检测到初始位置信号时，停止运行，并将此位置记作初始位置(复位)。优选地，基准位置传感器22还可以连接至电机1的编码器，以将滑块10的实时位置反馈至编码器。例如，基准位置传感器22可以为光电式传感器。
可选地，如图1至图2所示，移液器100还包括移液头退出机构160，移液头退出机构160包括顶杆11、滑动压块15以及第二弹性件27。顶杆11竖直设置在内腔115中，并且能够相对于壳体110竖向滑动。滑动压块15设置在注射管14外部，并且能够沿注射管14滑动，滑动压块15位于顶杆11下方。第二弹性件27设置在顶杆11外部，第二弹性件27的上端连接壳体110，第二弹性件27的下端连接滑动压块15。具体地，在本实施例中，顶杆11穿过壳体110的下端块13竖直设置在内腔115中，顶杆11位于滑块10下方并且固定连接至滑动压块15。在移液状态下，第二弹性件27处于自然伸展状态。当一次移液过程完成需要卸载一次性移液头16时，滑块10可以越程向下几个毫米，滑块10向下移动并推动顶杆11和滑动压块15，滑动压块15对设置在注射管14外部的移液头16的上部施加压力，使得移液头16从注射管14 掉落。当滑块10不再对顶杆11施加向下的压力时，滑动压块15在第二弹性件27的弹力作用下复位。
如图1至图2所示，本实施例中，移液头退出机构160的滑动压块15直接套在注射管14外，通过滑块10驱动顶杆11和滑动压块15向下移动即可退出移液头16，直接将柱塞17的驱动装置120作为滑动压块15的驱动装置，结构简单紧凑，不用设置结构复杂的移液头退出机构和驱动电磁部件，降低成本。
优选地，如图3所示，相邻的两个注射部件130之间的中心距为9mm。6个注射部件130排列成2×3的矩阵形式，使得本发明的移液器100在自动化架构下能够配置在不同用途的移液工作站上，通过选用合理的工作模式，不仅能够适用于基础中心距为9mm的靶板器皿，还可以适用于中心距为4.5mm、2.25mm的各类靶板器皿，并且在样品的制备过程中，不浪费通道使用率，下面将结合图4至图6详细描述根据本发明的移液器100在不同规格的靶板上的工作模式。
图4至图6示出了目前市场上已经标准化的靶板器皿。
图4中示出了靶板器皿200，其中，靶板器皿200包括96个用于容置样品的容置部201，该96个容置部201以8×12的矩阵形式排列分布，并且相邻的两个容置部201之间的中心距为9mm。在使用靶板器皿200制备样品的过程中，移液器100首先在位于位点0处的6个容置部201上完成样品的制备工作，接着向下移动注射部件130，使注射部件130位于位点1处的6个容置部201上方并完成样品的制备工作，类似地，使注射部件130依次分别位于位点2、3、…、15上方，并完成样品的制备工作，使得通过注射部件130制备的样品均匀地分布在靶板器皿200的每个容置部201上，并且仅分布在靶板器皿200的容置部中，而不会分布在靶板器皿200外。以此方式设计，一方面，通过使用本发明的移液器100可以同时在6个容置部201中制备样品，明显提高样品的制备效率，另一方面，所制备的样品能够均匀地分布在容置部201中，而不会落在靶板器皿200外的其他区域。
图5中示出了靶板器皿300，其中，靶板器皿300包括96个用于容置样品的容置部301，该96个容置部301以8×12的矩阵形式排列分布，并且相邻的两个容置部301之间的中心距为4.5mm。在使用靶板器皿300制备样品的过程中，移液器100首先在位于位点0处的6个容置部301上完成样品的制备工作，接着将注射部件130移 动至位点1处的6个容置部301上方并完成样品的制备工作，类似地，使注射部件130分别位于位点2、3、…、15上方，并完成样品的制备工作，使得通过注射部件130制备的样品均匀地分布在靶板器皿300的每个容置部301上，并且仅分布在靶板器皿300的容置部中，而不会分布在靶板器皿300外。以此方式设计，一方面，通过使用本发明的移液器100可以同时在6个容置部301中制备样品，明显提高样品的制备效率，另一方面，通过选用合理的工作模式，所制备的样品能够均匀地分布在的容置部301中，而不会落在靶板器皿300外的其他区域。
图6中示出了靶板器皿400，其中，靶板器皿400包括96个用于容置样品的容置部401，该96个容置部401以8×12的矩阵形式排列分布，并且相邻的两个容置部401之间的中心距为2.25mm。在使用靶板器皿400制备样品的过程中，移液器100首先在位于位点0处的6个容置部401上完成样品的制备工作，接着将注射部件130移动至位点1处的6个容置部401上方并完成样品的制备工作，类似地，使注射部件130分别位于位点2、3、…、15上方，并完成样品的制备工作，使得通过注射部件130制备的样品均匀地分布在靶板器皿400的每个容置部401上，并且仅分布在靶板器皿400的容置部中，而不会分布在靶板器皿400外。以此方式设计，一方面，通过使用本发明的移液器100可以同时在6个容置部401中制备样品，明显提高样品的制备效率，另一方面，通过选用合理的工作模式，所制备的样品能够均匀地分布在的容置部401中，而不会落在靶板器皿400外的其他区域。
当然，本发明的移液器100还适用于任意数量叠加的靶板器皿，例如两个、三个或更多靶板器皿。
综上所述，本发明的移液器100，能够配置在不同用途的移液工作站上，不仅可以适用于常规的靶板器皿，还可以适用于超小型的靶板器皿，从而在不浪费注射腔的使用率的前提下，大大提高了靶板样品的制备效率，具有较高的经济实用性和可扩展性。
在本发明的第二方面中，还提供一种移液方法，该移液方法使用上述的任何一种移液器。
下面将参照图1至图6详细介绍使用本发明的优选实施例的移液器100来制备样品的移液方法。
当移液开始时，电机1适时投入工作，驱动同步带轮3通过同步带4驱动随动同步带轮5转动，从而带动螺杆8转动，螺杆8通过消隙螺母20带动滑块10沿光轴7上下滑动，滑块10能够带动柱塞17在注射管14内上下运动，从而进行吸液或排液。其中，当移液头16浸入液体后，柱塞17向上运动，液体被吸入移液头16，当柱塞17向下运动，液体被排出移液头16。需要说明的是，在吸液或排液过程中，液体并未进入注射腔131，而是仅停留在移液头16内，从而避免了液体的交叉污染。
选用如图4至图6所示的任一种靶板器皿制备样品。例如，选用靶板器皿300制备样品，如图5所示，靶板器皿300包括96个用于容置样品的容置部，该96个容置部301以8×12的矩阵形式排列分布，并且相邻的两个容置部301之间的中心距为4.5mm。在使用靶板器皿300制备样品的过程中，移液器100首先在位于位点0处的6个容置部301上完成样品的制备工作，接着将注射部件130移动至位点1处的6个容置部301上方并完成样品的制备工作，类似地，使注射部件130分别位于位点2、3、…、15上方，并完成样品的制备工作，使得通过注射部件130制备的样品均匀地分布在靶板器皿300的每个容置部301上，并且仅分布在靶板器皿300的容置部中，而不会分布在靶板器皿300外。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
尽管结合实施例对本发明进行了描述，但本领域技术人员应理解，上文的描述和附图仅是示例性而非限制性的，本发明不限于所公开的实施例。在不偏离本发明的精神的情况下，各种改型和变体是可能的。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种移液器，其特征在于，所述移液器包括：
    壳体，所述壳体具有内腔；
    驱动装置，所述驱动装置设置在所述壳体外侧；
    6个注射部件，所述注射部件穿过所述壳体设置，其中，所述6个注射部件排列成2×3的矩阵形式；以及
    传动装置，所述传动装置的至少一部分设置在所述内腔中，所述传动装置连接至所述6个注射部件中的每一者和所述驱动装置，以使所述6个注射部件同步地进行吸液或排液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的移液器，其特征在于，所述注射部件中的每一者均包括：
    注射管，所述注射管穿过所述壳体设置，所述注射管内部形成有注射腔，并且所述注射管的下端具有凸凹部；
    柱塞，所述柱塞设置在所述注射腔中，所述柱塞的上端与所述传动装置连接，以至少能够在最大吸液位置和最大排液位置之间运动；
    密封件，所述密封件设置在所述柱塞外部，并且设置在所述注射腔上部，用于密封所述注射腔；以及
    移液头，所述移液头通过过盈配合装配在所述凸凹部处。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的移液器，其特征在于，所述驱动装置包括电机，所述电机具有轴伸，并且所述传动装置包括：
    运动副，所述运动副与所述壳体连接，所述运动副包括驱动同步带轮、同步带和随动同步带轮，其中所述驱动同步带轮固定连接至所述轴伸；
    螺杆副，所述螺杆副设置在所述内腔中，所述螺杆副包括与所述随动同步带轮固定连接的螺杆和能够沿所述螺杆上下运动的消隙螺母；以及
    滑块，所述滑块设置在所述内腔中，所述滑块与所述消隙螺母固定连接并且能够沿所述螺杆上下滑动，所述滑块的下端连接至所述柱塞的上端。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的移液器，其特征在于，所述柱塞包括柱塞本体和设置在所述柱塞本体的上端的台阶部，并且所述滑块的下端设置有槽口，所述槽口包括第一内径部和位于所述第一内径部下端的第二内径部，所述第一内径部的内径大于或等于所述台阶部的外径，所述第二内径部的内径小于所述第一内径部的内径以在所述槽口中形成抵靠面，并且所述第二内径部的内径等于所述柱塞本体的外径，所述台阶部能够在所述抵靠面上方与所述抵靠面贴合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的移液器，其特征在于，所述第一内径部中设置有调节顶丝和第一弹性件，所述第一弹性件在所述台阶部的上方抵靠所述台阶部，所述调节顶丝的上端与所述滑块连接，所述调节顶丝的下端抵靠所述第一弹性件的上端。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的移液器，其特征在于，所述传动装置还包括导轨副，所述导轨副包括：
    光轴，所述光轴固定设置在所述内腔中；以及
    直线轴承，所述直线轴承设置在所述光轴外部并且能够沿所述光轴上下滑动，所述直线轴承还设置在所述滑块中，
    其中，所述滑块能够沿所述导轨副滑动。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的移液器，其特征在于，所述移液器还包括定位机构，所述定位机构包括：
    定位片，所述定位片设置在所述滑块上；以及
    基准位置传感器，所述基准位置传感器设置在所述壳体上。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的移液器，其特征在于，所述移液器还包括移液头退出机构，所述移液头退出机构包括：
    顶杆，所述顶杆竖直设置在所述内腔中，并且能够相对于所述壳体竖向滑动；
    滑动压块，所述滑动压块设置在所述注射管外部，并且能够沿所述注射管滑动，所述滑动压块位于所述顶杆下方；以及
    第二弹性件，所述第二弹性件设置在所述顶杆外部，所述第二弹性件的上端连接所述壳体，所述第二弹性件的下端连接所述滑动压块。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的移液器，其特征在于，相邻的两个所述注射部件之间的中心距为9mm。
  10. 一种移液方法，其特征在于，所述移液方法使用权利要求1至9中任一项所述的移液器。
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