WO2022018981A1 - 固体撮像装置、固体撮像装置の製造方法、および電子機器 - Google Patents
固体撮像装置、固体撮像装置の製造方法、および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022018981A1 WO2022018981A1 PCT/JP2021/021231 JP2021021231W WO2022018981A1 WO 2022018981 A1 WO2022018981 A1 WO 2022018981A1 JP 2021021231 W JP2021021231 W JP 2021021231W WO 2022018981 A1 WO2022018981 A1 WO 2022018981A1
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- solid
- state image
- convex portion
- translucent member
- light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/806—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the image sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1866—Transmission gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/011—Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12
- H10F39/024—Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12 of coatings or optical elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/18—Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/802—Geometry or disposition of elements in pixels, e.g. address-lines or gate electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
- G02B5/1857—Manufacturing methods using exposure or etching means, e.g. holography, photolithography, exposure to electron or ion beams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/804—Containers or encapsulations
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a solid-state image sensor, a method for manufacturing a solid-state image sensor, and an electronic device.
- CSP Chip Scale Package
- a translucent member such as a cover glass is attached on a substrate including a photodiode (photoelectric conversion unit).
- the reflection of light in the glass cover becomes a problem.
- the reflection diffraction in the glass cover is reflected in the image, which adversely affects the image quality.
- the image may be blurred. Therefore, when adopting CSP, it is desirable to reduce these problems.
- the present disclosure provides a solid-state image sensor, a method for manufacturing a solid-state image sensor, and an electronic device capable of appropriately providing a translucent member on a substrate including a photoelectric conversion unit.
- the solid-state image sensor includes a substrate including a photoelectric conversion unit, a lens provided on the substrate, and a translucent member provided on the lens, and has the translucency.
- the member includes a plurality of protrusions provided in a two-dimensional array on the upper surface of the translucent member. This makes it possible to suitably provide the translucent member on the substrate including the photoelectric conversion unit.
- the convex portion included in the translucent member makes it possible to suppress the adverse effect of reflected diffraction in the translucent member on the image.
- the height of the convex portion may be 0.13 to 1.00 ⁇ m. This makes it possible, for example, to improve the transmittance of light from the translucent member to the outside on the upper surface of the translucent member.
- the pitch between the convex portions may be 0.23 to 0.70 ⁇ m. This makes it possible to increase, for example, the proportion of transmitted 0th-order light in the transmitted light transmitted from the outside to the translucent member on the upper surface of the translucent member.
- the filling rate of the convex portion on the upper surface of the translucent member may be 35% or more. This makes it possible, for example, to improve the transmittance of light from the outside to the translucent member on the upper surface of the translucent member.
- the filling rate of the convex portion on the upper surface of the translucent member may be 60% or more. This makes it possible, for example, to further improve the transmittance of light from the outside to the translucent member on the upper surface of the translucent member.
- the transmitted light of the light incident on the upper surface of the translucent member at an incident angle of 0 ° from the subject side is non-diffraction light.
- 30% or more of the transmitted light of the light incident on the upper surface of the translucent member at an incident angle of 43 ° from the substrate side may be provided so as to be non-diffractive light. This makes it possible to realize, for example, a solid-state image sensor having desirable camera characteristics.
- the shape of the convex portion may be a cylinder, a prism, a cone, or a pyramid. This makes it possible, for example, to arrange the convex portions in a two-dimensional array and to easily form the convex portions.
- the convex portion may have a first portion and a second portion provided on the first portion and having a larger projected area than the first portion. This makes it possible, for example, to adjust the way light propagates through these portions.
- the convex portion may have a first portion and a second portion provided on the first portion and having a smaller projected area than the first portion. This makes it possible, for example, to adjust the way light propagates through these portions.
- the shape of the vertical cross section of the convex portion may be trapezoidal. This makes it possible, for example, to form a convex portion having properties between a cylinder (or a prism) and a cone (or a pyramid).
- the convex portion may have a concave portion extending in the vertical direction in the convex portion. This makes it possible, for example, to adjust the way light propagates through the recesses.
- the planar shape of the convex portion may be a circle or a polygon. This makes it possible, for example, to arrange the convex portions in a two-dimensional array and to easily form the convex portions.
- the convex portion may be provided in a triangular lattice shape on the upper surface of the translucent member. This makes it possible to arrange the convex portions so that the distance between the convex portions becomes short, for example.
- the convex portion may be exposed to air. This makes it possible, for example, to adjust the propagation method of the light incident from the air and the light emitted into the air by the convex portion.
- the convex portion may be formed of SiO 2 , SiN, Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , TIO 2 , or STO (Strontium Titan Oxide) (Si is silicon, O). Is oxygen, N is nitrogen, Al is aluminum, Hf is hafnium, and Ti is titanium). This makes it possible, for example, to form the convex portion with a material widely used in semiconductor processes.
- the translucent member may be a glass cover. This makes it possible to suppress, for example, the reflection diffraction in the glass cover adversely affecting the image quality.
- the translucent member may be adhered to the substrate. This makes it possible, for example, to easily arrange the translucent member on the substrate by adhesion.
- a translucent member is arranged via a lens on a substrate including a photoelectric conversion unit, and a plurality of convex portions are formed on the upper surface of the translucent member. Includes forming in a dimensional array. This makes it possible to suitably provide the translucent member on the substrate including the photoelectric conversion unit.
- the convex portion included in the translucent member makes it possible to suppress the adverse effect of reflected diffraction in the translucent member on the image.
- the convex portion may be formed on the upper surface of the translucent member by processing the upper surface of the translucent member by etching. This makes it possible to easily form, for example, a convex portion by etching.
- the electronic device on the third side of the present disclosure includes a substrate including a photoelectric conversion unit, a first lens provided on the substrate, a translucent member provided on the lens, and the translucent member.
- a second lens provided apart from the translucent member is provided above the translucent member, and the translucent member has a plurality of protrusions provided in a two-dimensional array on the upper surface of the translucent member. include.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a solid-state image sensor according to the first embodiment.
- the solid-state image sensor of FIG. 1 is a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) type image sensor, which includes a pixel array region 2 having a plurality of pixels 1, a control circuit 3, a vertical drive circuit 4, and a plurality of column signal processes. It includes a circuit 5, a horizontal drive circuit 6, an output circuit 7, a plurality of vertical signal lines 8, and a horizontal signal line 9.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- Each pixel 1 includes a photodiode that functions as a photoelectric conversion unit, and a plurality of pixel transistors.
- pixel transistors are MOS transistors such as transfer transistors, reset transistors, amplification transistors, and selection transistors.
- the pixel array area 2 has a plurality of pixels 1 arranged in a two-dimensional array.
- the pixel array region 2 is an effective pixel region that receives light and performs photoelectric conversion to amplify and output the signal charge generated by the photoelectric conversion, and a black reference pixel that outputs optical black as a reference for the black level. Includes areas and.
- the black reference pixel region is arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the effective pixel region.
- the control circuit 3 generates various signals that serve as reference for the operation of the vertical drive circuit 4, the column signal processing circuit 5, the horizontal drive circuit 6, etc., based on the vertical sync signal, the horizontal sync signal, the master clock, and the like.
- the signal generated by the control circuit 3 is, for example, a clock signal or a control signal, and is input to the vertical drive circuit 4, the column signal processing circuit 5, the horizontal drive circuit 6, and the like.
- the vertical drive circuit 4 includes, for example, a shift register, and scans each pixel 1 in the pixel array area 2 in a row unit in the vertical direction.
- the vertical drive circuit 4 further supplies a pixel signal based on the signal charge generated by each pixel 1 to the column signal processing circuit 5 through the vertical signal line 8.
- the column signal processing circuit 5 is arranged, for example, for each column of the pixel 1 in the pixel array area 2, and the signal processing of the signal output from the pixel 1 for one row is based on the signal from the black reference pixel area. Do it for each row. Examples of this signal processing are denoising and signal amplification.
- the horizontal drive circuit 6 includes, for example, a shift register, and supplies pixel signals from each column signal processing circuit 5 to the horizontal signal line 9.
- the output circuit 7 performs signal processing on the signal supplied from each column signal processing circuit 5 through the horizontal signal line 9, and outputs the signal to which this signal processing has been performed.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment.
- a to C in FIG. 2 show X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis that are perpendicular to each other.
- the X and Y directions correspond to the horizontal direction (horizontal direction), and the Z direction corresponds to the vertical direction (vertical direction). Further, the + Z direction corresponds to the upward direction, and the ⁇ Z direction corresponds to the downward direction.
- the ⁇ Z direction may or may not exactly coincide with the direction of gravity.
- the solid-state image pickup device includes a pixel array region 2, a control circuit 3, and a logic circuit 10 on a substrate 11.
- the logic circuit 10 includes, for example, the above-mentioned vertical drive circuit 4, column signal processing circuit 5, horizontal drive circuit 6, and output circuit 7.
- the solid-state image sensor has a substrate 11 on the support substrate 21, a pixel array region 2 and a control circuit 3 on the substrate 11, and a logic circuit on the support substrate 21. It is equipped with 10.
- the solid-state image sensor has a substrate 11 on the support substrate 21, a pixel array region 2 on the substrate 11, a control circuit 3 and a logic circuit on the support substrate 21. It is equipped with 10.
- the solid-state image sensor of the present embodiment will be described as having the structure of the third example.
- the following description is also applicable to a solid-state image sensor having the structure of the first or second example, except for the description of the structure peculiar to the third example.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a vertical cross section of the pixel array region 2.
- the solid-state imaging device of this embodiment has a substrate 11, a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 12 in the substrate 11, and a p-type semiconductor region 13, an n-type semiconductor region 14, and a p-type semiconductor region included in each photoelectric conversion unit 12.
- a pixel separation layer 16 in the substrate 11, a p-well layer 17, and a plurality of floating diffusion portions 18 are provided.
- the solid-state image sensor of the present embodiment further includes a support substrate 21, a plurality of wiring layers 22, 23, 24, an interlayer insulating film 25, and a gate electrode 26 and a gate insulating film 27 included in each transfer transistor Tr1. ing.
- the solid-state image sensor of the present embodiment further includes a groove 31, an element separation unit 32 provided in the groove 31, a fixed charge film (film having a negative fixed charge) 33 and an insulating film included in the element separation unit 32. It includes 34, a light-shielding film 35, a plurality of color filters 36, and a plurality of on-chip lenses 37.
- the substrate 11 is a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate.
- the surface of the substrate 11 in the ⁇ Z direction is the surface of the substrate 11
- the surface of the substrate 11 in the + Z direction is the back surface of the substrate 11. Since the solid-state image sensor of this embodiment is a back-illuminated type, the back surface of the substrate 11 is the light incident surface (light receiving surface) of the substrate 11.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 is provided in the substrate 11 for each pixel 1.
- FIG. 3 illustrates three photoelectric conversion units 12 provided for the three pixels 1.
- Each photoelectric conversion unit 12 includes a p-type semiconductor region 13, an n-type semiconductor region 14, and a p-type semiconductor region 15 formed in the substrate 11 in order from the front surface side to the back surface side of the substrate 11.
- a main photodiode is realized by a pn junction between the p-type semiconductor region 13 and the n-type semiconductor region 14 and a pn junction between the n-type semiconductor region 14 and the p-type semiconductor region 15.
- a photodiode converts light into a charge.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 receives light from the back surface side of the substrate 11, generates a signal charge according to the amount of the received light, and stores the generated signal charge in the n-type semiconductor region 14.
- the pixel separation layer 16 is a p-type semiconductor region provided between the photoelectric conversion units 12 adjacent to each other.
- the p-well layer 17 is a p-type semiconductor region provided on the surface side of the substrate 11 with respect to the pixel separation layer 16.
- the floating diffusion unit 18 is an n + type semiconductor region provided on the surface side of the substrate 11 with respect to the p-well layer 17.
- the floating diffusion portion 18 is formed, for example, by injecting an n-type impurity into the p-well layer 17 at a high concentration.
- the groove 31 has a shape extending from the back surface of the substrate 11 in the depth direction ( ⁇ Z direction), and is provided between the photoelectric conversion units 12 adjacent to each other, similarly to the pixel separation layer 16.
- the groove 31 is formed, for example, by forming a recess by etching from the back surface of the substrate 11 in the pixel separation layer 16.
- the groove 31 of the present embodiment has reached the p-well layer 17, but has not reached the floating diffusion portion 18.
- the element separating portion 32 includes a fixed charge film 33 and an insulating film 34 sequentially formed in the groove 31.
- the fixed charge film 33 is formed on the side surface and the bottom surface of the groove 31.
- the insulating film 34 is formed in the groove 31 via the fixed charge film 33.
- the fixed charge film 33 is a film having a negative fixed charge, and is a material of the element separation portion 32 together with the insulating film 34.
- the fixed charge film 33 has an effect of suppressing the generation of noise called dark current due to minute defects existing at the interface of the substrate 11.
- the fixed charge film 33 is, for example, an oxide film or a nitride film containing a metal element such as Hf (hafnium), Al (aluminum), Zr (zirconium), Ta (tantalum), or Ti (titalum).
- the fixed charge film 33 of the present embodiment is formed on the entire back surface of the substrate 11, and is arranged not only in the element separation unit 32 but also above the photoelectric conversion unit 12.
- the insulating film 34 is used as a material for the element separating portion 32 together with the fixed charge film 33.
- the fixed charge film 33 and the insulating film 34 are embedded in the groove 31, so that the photoelectric conversion units 12 are separated from each other by the fixed charge film 33 and the insulating film 34. This makes it possible to suppress color mixing between the pixels 1.
- the insulating film 34 is, for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon nitride film, or a resin film.
- the insulating film 34 of the present embodiment is formed on the entire back surface of the substrate 11, and is arranged not only in the element separation unit 32 but also above the photoelectric conversion unit 12.
- the light-shielding film 35 is a film having a light-shielding effect, and is formed in a predetermined region on the insulating film 34 formed on the back surface of the substrate 11.
- the light-shielding film 35 of the present embodiment is formed above the element separation portion 32 and has a mesh-like planar shape.
- the light incident on the light-shielding film 35 is shielded by the light-shielding film 35 or passes through the opening (mesh) of the light-shielding film 35.
- the light-shielding film 35 is a film containing a metal element such as W (tungsten), Al (aluminum), or Cu (copper).
- the color filter 36 has a function of transmitting light having a predetermined wavelength, and is formed on the insulating film 34 and the light-shielding film 35 for each pixel 1.
- the color filters 36 for red (R), green (G), and blue (B) are arranged above the photoelectric conversion unit 12 of the red, green, and blue pixels 1, respectively.
- the color filter 36 for infrared light may be arranged above the photoelectric conversion unit 12 of the infrared light pixel 1. The light transmitted through each color filter 36 is incident on the photoelectric conversion unit 12 via the insulating film 34 and the fixed charge film 33.
- the on-chip lens 37 has a function of condensing incident light, and is formed on the color filter 36 for each pixel 1.
- the light collected by each on-chip lens 37 is incident on the photoelectric conversion unit 12 via the color filter 36, the insulating film 34, and the fixed charge film 33.
- Each on-chip lens 37 of the present embodiment is made of a material through which light is transmitted, and the on-chip lenses 37 of the present embodiment are connected to each other via this material.
- the on-chip lens 37 is an example of the lens and the first lens of the present disclosure.
- the support substrate 21 is provided on the surface of the substrate 11 via an interlayer insulating film 25, and is provided to ensure the strength of the substrate 11.
- the support substrate 21 is, for example, a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate.
- the wiring layers 22 to 24 are provided in the interlayer insulating film 25 on the surface side of the substrate 11 to form a multilayer wiring structure.
- the multilayer wiring structure of the present embodiment includes three wiring layers 22 to 24, but may include four or more wiring layers.
- Each of the wiring layers 22 to 24 contains various wirings, and the pixel transistor such as the transfer transistor Tr1 is driven by using these wirings.
- the wiring layers 22 to 24 are layers containing a metal element such as W (tungsten), Al (aluminum), or Cu (copper).
- the interlayer insulating film 25 is, for example, an insulating film containing a silicon oxide film or the like.
- each transfer transistor Tr1 is provided under the p-well layer 17 between the p-type semiconductor region 13 and the stray diffusion portion 18 via the gate insulating film 27.
- the gate electrode 26 and the gate insulating film 27 are provided in the interlayer insulating film 25.
- Each transfer transistor Tr1 can transfer the signal charge in the photoelectric conversion unit 12 to the stray diffusion unit 18.
- the light incident on the on-chip lens 37 is collected by the on-chip lens 37, passes through the color filter 36, passes through the opening of the light-shielding film 35, and is incident on the photoelectric conversion unit 12.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 converts this light into an electric charge by photoelectric conversion to generate a signal charge.
- the signal charge is output as a pixel signal via the vertical signal line 8 in the wiring layers 22 to 24.
- FIG. 4 is another cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged vertical cross section of the pixel array region 2.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 in the substrate 11 and the support substrate 21 under the substrate 11 are not shown.
- the solid-state imaging device of the present embodiment further includes a flattening film 41, a cover film 42, a glass seal resin 43, and a glass cover 44, in addition to the components shown in FIG.
- the flattening film 41 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 11 so as to cover the plurality of on-chip lenses 37. As a result, the surface on the back surface of the substrate 11 is flat.
- the flattening film 41 is made of, for example, a material having a refractive index lower than that of the material of the on-chip lens 37.
- the material of the on-chip lens 37 is silicon oxide
- the material of the flattening film 41 is resin.
- the cover film 42, the glass seal resin 43, and the glass cover 44 are sequentially provided on the flattening film 41.
- the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment is made of glass (silicon oxide) and is adhered to the cover film 42 by the glass seal resin 43.
- the glass cover 44 is an example of the translucent member of the present disclosure.
- the glass cover 44 may be replaced with another cover made of a material that allows light to pass through (translucent material).
- This cover may be formed only of a translucent material other than glass, or may be formed of glass and a translucent material other than glass. This cover is also an example of the translucent member of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 shows the upper surface S of the glass cover 44.
- the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment is exposed to air.
- the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of convex portions 44b provided on the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 (see B and C in FIG. 8), but in FIG. 4 and the like. The illustration of the convex portion 44b is omitted.
- FIG. 5 is another cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows the entire vertical cross section of the substrate 11 and the glass cover 44.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 in the substrate 11, the support substrate 21 under the substrate 11, the fixed charge film 33 on the substrate 11, and the like are not shown.
- an insulating film 51, a wiring layer 52, a plurality of metal pads 53, a solder mask 54, and a plurality of solder balls 55 are provided. I have.
- FIG. 5 shows a flattening film 41, a cover film 42, a glass seal resin 43, and a glass cover 44 provided on a substrate 11 diced to a chip size so as to cover the plurality of on-chip lenses 37.
- the solid-state image sensor of this embodiment is packaged by a CSP (Chip Scale Package). Therefore, the size of the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 is substantially the same as the size of the upper surface (back surface) of the substrate 11.
- the insulating film 51 and the wiring layer 52 are sequentially provided on the lower surface (front surface) of the substrate 11.
- the metal pad 53 is provided on the upper surface of the substrate 11.
- the wiring layer 52 includes a plurality of via wirings 52a penetrating the substrate 11, and the via wirings 52a are in contact with the lower surface of the metal pad 53. This makes it possible to electrically connect various devices on the upper surface of the substrate 11 to the wiring layer 52.
- the solder mask 54 is provided on the lower surface of the wiring layer 52.
- the solder ball 55 is provided on the lower surface of the wiring layer 52 exposed from the solder mask 54. This makes it possible to electrically connect the solid-state image pickup device of the present embodiment to another device via the solder ball 55.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment before and after dicing.
- a in FIG. 6 shows a substrate (wafer) 11 before dicing.
- the substrate 11 is arranged on a support substrate 21 (see FIG. 3) (not shown) and is diced together with the support substrate 21.
- the substrate 11 (and the support substrate 21) includes a plurality of chip regions 61 and a dicing region 62.
- B in FIG. 6 shows nine chip regions 61 as an example.
- Each chip region 61 includes an effective pixel region 61a and an outer peripheral region 61b surrounding the effective pixel region 61a.
- the dicing region 62 has a shape in which a plurality of dicing lines 62a extending in the X direction and a plurality of dicing lines 62b extending in the Y direction are combined.
- the substrate 11 is diced to a plurality of chips 61'(see C in FIG. 6) by cutting these dicing lines 62a and 62b with a blade.
- FIG. 6 shows one chip 61'obtained by this dicing.
- the chip 61' includes the above-mentioned effective pixel region 61a and the outer peripheral region 61b, and corresponds to the solid-state image pickup apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of light propagation in the electronic device of the first embodiment and a state of light propagation in the electronic device of the comparative example of the first embodiment.
- a in FIG. 7 shows a vertical cross section of the electronic device of the present embodiment.
- the electronic device of this embodiment includes a chip (solid-state image sensor) 61', a mounting substrate 63, and an image pickup lens assembly 64 including a plurality of image pickup lenses 64a to 64e.
- Examples of the electronic device of the present embodiment include cameras such as digital video cameras, digital still cameras, action cameras, and in-vehicle cameras, mobile phones such as smartphones, computers such as PCs (Personal Computers), and various IoT (Internet). of Things) Equipment, etc.
- FIG. 7A shows the substrate 11 and the glass cover 44 included in the chip 61'.
- the image pickup lenses 64a to 64e are arranged above the glass cover 44 so as to be separated from the glass cover 44.
- the light from the subject passes through the image pickup lenses 64a to 64e in order and is incident on the glass cover 44.
- the light incident on the glass cover 44 passes through the glass cover 44, the on-chip lens 37, the color filter 36, and the like, and is incident on the photoelectric conversion unit 12 in the substrate 11 (see FIG. 3).
- the image pickup lenses 64a to 64e are examples of the second lens of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 shows how light propagates from the image pickup lenses 64a to 64e to the substrate 11.
- FIG. 7A shows a light ray incident on the central portion of the chip 61', a light ray incident on the outer peripheral portion of the chip 61', and a light ray incident on the center portion and the outer peripheral portion of the chip 61'. There is.
- FIG. 7B shows a vertical cross section of the electronic device of this comparative example.
- the electronic device of this comparative example has the same components as the electronic device of the first embodiment, and the glass cover 44 of this comparative example has a flat upper surface S.
- Reflected diffraction flare occurs, for example, when the brightness of the light incident on the central portion (central portion of the chip 61') of the solid-state image sensor is high. Since the solid-state image sensor of this comparative example has a thin plate-like shape, reflection diffraction is likely to occur in the solid-state image sensor.
- B in FIG. 7 shows an example of the incident light L incident on the substrate 11 and the reflected lights L1, L2, and L3 reflected on the substrate 11.
- the incident light L on the substrate 11 causes reflected diffraction and becomes diffracted light (reflected light).
- the diffracted light shown in B of FIG. 7 corresponds to the third-order diffracted light.
- a part of the diffracted light re-enters the substrate 11 like the reflected light L3.
- the reflected light L3 is re-incidented not in the effective pixel region 61a but in the outer peripheral region 61b, so that the adverse effect on the image quality is less likely to be a problem.
- the incident light L is incident on the central portion of the solid-state image sensor, the reflected light L3 is generally re-incidented in the effective pixel region 61a, so that an adverse effect on image quality tends to be a problem.
- the total reflection condition of the glass cover 44 is about 43 °.
- the total reflection condition is the minimum value of the incident angle at which the light reflectance becomes 100% when the light is incident on the medium having a high refractive index to the medium having a low refractive index. Since the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of this comparative example is exposed to air, the medium having a high refractive index is glass here, and the medium having a low refractive index is air here.
- the incident angles of the reflected light L1, L2, and L3 with respect to the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 are angles smaller than 43 ° and angles larger than 43 ° and 43 °, respectively.
- the diffracted light having an incident angle of 43 ° or more causes total reflection between the glass cover 44 and the air, and the diffracted light having an incident angle of less than 43 ° escapes into the air.
- the intensity of the diffracted light observed above the glass cover 44 varies greatly at the boundary of total internal reflection.
- the intensity of diffracted light on one side of the total internal reflection boundary is about 10 times the intensity of diffracted light on the other side of the total internal reflection boundary.
- This total reflection boundary causes ring-shaped flare. It is desirable to suppress the occurrence of such flare.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of light propagation in the solid-state image sensor of the comparative example of the first embodiment and a state of light propagation in the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8A shows a vertical cross section of the glass cover 44 of the comparative example of the present embodiment. As described above, in the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of this comparative example, total reflection of light incident on the upper surface S from the glass cover 44 occurs.
- FIG. 8B shows a vertical cross section of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment.
- the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of convex portions 44b provided in a two-dimensional array on the upper surface S of the glass cover 44.
- the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment includes a main body portion 44a and these convex portions 44b, and these convex portions 44b project in the + Z direction with respect to the main body portion 44a.
- the main body portion 44a and these convex portions 44b of the present embodiment are made of the same glass.
- the shape of each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is a cylinder.
- the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment includes the upper surface S1 of the main body portion 44a and the upper surface S2 of the convex portion 44b.
- the upper surface S1 of the main body 44a and the upper surface S2 of the convex portion 44b are connected by the side surface S3 of the convex portion 44b. In a broad sense, the side surface S3 is also a part of the top surface S.
- the convex portion 44b is formed on the upper surface S of the glass cover 44, for example, by processing the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 by etching.
- the upper surface S1 corresponds to the upper surface processed by this etching
- the upper surface S2 corresponds to the upper surface not processed by this etching.
- the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment is not a simple flat surface, but an uneven surface in which fine irregularities are formed by the convex portions 44b. Therefore, even if light is incident on the upper surface S from the glass cover 44 at an angle at which total reflection occurs on a simple plane, total reflection may not occur due to the influence of unevenness depending on the incident position of the light.
- B in FIG. 8 shows, as an example, how the light incident on the side surface S3 of the convex portion 44b escapes into the air. This makes it possible to reduce the occurrence of total reflection and reduce the occurrence of flare.
- FIG. 8C shows a vertical cross section of the glass cover 44 of the modified example of the present embodiment.
- the glass cover 44 of this modification also has a plurality of convex portions 44b provided in a two-dimensional array on the upper surface S of the glass cover 44.
- the shape of each convex portion 44b in this modification is a cone.
- the shape of each convex portion 44b may be other than a cylinder. Other examples of the shape of each convex portion 44b will be described later.
- the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of this modification includes the upper surface S1 of the main body portion 44a and the upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b.
- the upper surface S1 of the main body portion 44a and the upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b are directly connected to each other.
- the upper surface S1 is a horizontal plane parallel to the XY plane
- the upper surface S4 is an inclined surface inclined with respect to the XY plane.
- FIG. 8 shows, as an example, how the light incident on the upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b escapes into the air. This makes it possible to reduce the occurrence of total reflection and reduce the occurrence of flare.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9A shows a vertical cross section of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment, similarly to FIG. 8B.
- FIG. 9B shows a cross section of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment.
- 9B shows a cross section along the AA'line shown in A of FIG. 9, and A in FIG. 9 shows a vertical cross section along the BB'line shown in B of FIG. There is.
- the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment includes a main body portion 44a and a plurality of convex portions 44b. These convex portions 44b are provided on the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 in a two-dimensional array shape, and specifically, are provided in a triangular lattice shape (B in FIG. 9). Since the shape of each convex portion 44b is a cylinder, the planar shape of each convex portion 44b is a circle (B in FIG. 9).
- the main body portion 44a and the convex portion 44b are formed of SiO 2 (Si represents silicon and O represents oxygen).
- the convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is not covered with another layer and is exposed to the air.
- a and B in FIG. 9 show the height H of the convex portion 44b, the diameter R of the convex portion 44b, and the pitch P between the convex portions 44b.
- the pitch P between the convex portions 44b corresponds to the distance between the centers of the closest convex portions 44b.
- B in FIG. 9 further shows the center-to-center distance P'between the convex portions 44b of the next proximity.
- a of FIG. 9 further shows the incident angle ⁇ of the light reaching the surface S of the glass cover 44 from the substrate 11. This incident angle ⁇ indicates an angle between the traveling direction of light and the + Z direction.
- the height H, diameter R, and pitch P of this embodiment are, for example, 300 nm, 300 nm, and 400 nm. Details of these dimensions will be described later.
- FIG. 10 is a graph for explaining the height H in the first embodiment. This graph was obtained by calculation using the FDTD method (the same applies to another graph described later).
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the height H and the transmittance of the 0 ° incident light incident on the glass cover 44 from the air.
- This 0 ° incident light is incident light in which the angle between the traveling direction of the light and the ⁇ Z direction is 0 °, that is, the incident light traveling in the ⁇ Z direction.
- FIG. 10B shows an example of incident light, reflected light, transmitted 0th order light, and transmitted diffracted light. Since the image is blurred when the amount of transmitted diffracted light is large, it is desirable that the amount of transmitted diffracted light is small and the amount of transmitted 0th-order light is large. In addition, it is desirable that the amount of reflected light is small.
- a in FIG. 10 shows the transmittance of the transmitted 0th-order light and the transmittance of the entire transmitted light (transmittance of the transmitted 0th-order light and the transmitted diffracted light).
- the diameter R is fixed at 0.3 ⁇ m
- the pitch P is fixed at 0.4 ⁇ m
- the height H is changed to various values. According to A in FIG. 10, even if the value of the height H changes between 0.1 ⁇ m and 1.0 ⁇ m, the transmittance of the transmitted 0th-order light and the transmittance of the entire transmitted light are almost 100%. Is maintained at. Therefore, from the viewpoint of optimizing these transmittances, the height H may be any value from 0.1 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 11 is a graph for explaining the height H in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the height H and the transmittance of the 43 ° incident light incident on the air from the glass cover 44.
- the 43 ° incident light is incident light in which the angle between the traveling direction and the + Z direction of the light is 43 °, that is, the incident light having the above-mentioned incident angle ⁇ of 43 °.
- FIG. 11B shows an example of incident light, reflected light, transmitted 0th order light, and transmitted diffracted light. This reflected light causes flare. As the amount of transmitted light increases, the amount of reflected light decreases, so it is desirable that the amount of transmitted light increases.
- a in FIG. 11 shows the transmittance of the 0th-order transmitted light and the transmittance of the entire transmitted light.
- the diameter R is fixed at 0.3 ⁇ m and the pitch P is fixed at 0.4 ⁇ m, and the height H is changed to various values.
- these transmittances are highest when the height H is 0.3 ⁇ m, and become lower when the height H is away from 0.3. Specifically, these transmittances decrease sharply as the height H deviates from 0.3 in the decreasing direction.
- the transmittance of the secondary light is lower than the transmittance of the transmitted zero-order light when the height H is 1.00 ⁇ m.
- the height H of this embodiment is preferably 0.13 to 1.00 ⁇ m (0.13 ⁇ m ⁇ H ⁇ 1.00 ⁇ m).
- the transmittance of the 0th-order transmitted light and the transmittance of the entire transmitted light are the highest when the height H is 0.3 ⁇ m. This corresponds to the wavelength for one cycle.
- the 43 ° incident light travels at an angle in the + Z direction, it is necessary to incline the wavelength for one cycle when obtaining the condition of the height H for the 43 ° incident light.
- the height H has a length of 1/4 wavelength to 2 wavelengths when considering the wavelength for one cycle at an angle.
- the 1/4 wavelength is about 0.13 ⁇ m and the 2 wavelengths are about 1.00 ⁇ m.
- the values of 0.13 ⁇ m and 1.00 ⁇ m are slightly different from the 1/4 wavelength and the 2 wavelengths, but this is the glass cover 44 formed of SiO 2 (refractive index: 1.45), and others. This is because we are considering replacing it with a cover made of the same material.
- An example of such a material is TiO 2 (refractive index: 2.5) (Ti stands for titanium).
- the angle of 43 ° in the 43 ° incident light corresponds to the above-mentioned total reflection condition. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, by setting the height H to 0.13 to 1.00 ⁇ m, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of total reflection.
- FIG. 12 is a graph for explaining the pitch P in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the pitch P and the transmittance of the 0 ° incident light incident on the glass cover 44 from the air. Specifically, FIG. 12 shows the transmittance of the transmitted 0th-order light and the transmittance of the entire transmitted light.
- the height H is fixed at 0.3 ⁇ m, and the pitch P is changed to various values.
- the diameter R is changed so that the filling factor (R / P) described later is maintained at 0.75.
- the pitch P when the pitch P is 0.70 ⁇ m or less, the transmittance of the transmitted 0th-order light is almost the same as the transmittance of the entire transmitted light, but when the pitch P is larger than 0.70 ⁇ m.
- the transmittance of the 0th-order transmitted light is lower than the transmittance of the entire transmitted light. This indicates that when the pitch P is larger than 0.70 ⁇ m, the transmitted diffracted light increases. As mentioned above, it is not desirable to increase the amount of transmitted diffracted light. Therefore, it is desirable that the pitch P of this embodiment is 0.70 ⁇ m or less.
- a small pitch P is desirable from the viewpoint of transmitted light, but is not desirable from the viewpoint of ease of forming the convex portion 44b.
- the lower limit of the desired pitch P is preferably about 1/3 of the upper limit of the desired pitch P (0.70 ⁇ m), that is, about 0.23 ⁇ m. Since this value of 0.23 ⁇ m is close to the optimum value of the height H of 0.3 ⁇ m, it is also preferable from the viewpoint of the shape of the convex portion 44b.
- the pitch P of the present embodiment is preferably 0.23 to 0.70 ⁇ m (0.23 ⁇ m ⁇ P ⁇ 0.70 ⁇ m). The condition of such pitch P is the same even when the wavelength of light is taken into consideration.
- FIG. 13 is a graph for explaining the pitch P in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the pitch P and the transmittance of the 43 ° incident light incident on the air from the glass cover 44. Specifically, FIG. 13 shows the transmittance of the transmitted 0th-order light and the transmittance of the entire transmitted light.
- the height H is fixed at 0.3 ⁇ m, and the pitch P is changed to various values.
- the diameter R is changed so that the filling factor (R / P) described later is maintained at 0.75.
- FIG. 14 is a graph for explaining the filling rate R / P in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the filling factor R / P of the convex portion 44b on the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 and the transmittance of the 0 ° incident light incident on the glass cover 44 from the air.
- FIG. 14 shows the transmittance of the entire transmitted light.
- the height H is fixed at 0.3 ⁇ m and the diameter R is fixed at 0.3 ⁇ m, and the filling rate R / P is changed to various values.
- the wavelength of the 0 ° incident light is 0.55 ⁇ m here.
- the filling rate R / P when the filling rate R / P becomes low, the transmittance of the entire transmitted light becomes low. Specifically, when the filling rate R / P becomes less than 0.6 (60%), the transmittance starts to decrease from 100%, and the filling rate R / P further increases from 0.35 (35%) to 0.3 (). While it drops to 30%), the transmittance drops below 80%. As mentioned above, it is not desirable that the transmitted light is reduced and the reflected light is increased. Therefore, it is desirable that the filling factor R / P of this embodiment is 35% or more (R / P ⁇ 0.35), and further preferably 60% or more (R / P ⁇ 0.6). ..
- FIG. 15 is a graph for explaining the filling rate R / P in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the filling factor R / P of the convex portion 44b on the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 and the transmittance of the 43 ° incident light incident on the air from the glass cover 44.
- FIG. 15 shows the transmittance of the 0th-order transmitted light and the transmittance of the entire transmitted light.
- the height H is fixed at 0.3 ⁇ m and the diameter R is fixed at 0.3 ⁇ m, and the filling rate R / P is changed to various values.
- the wavelength of the 0 ° incident light is 0.55 ⁇ m here.
- the transmittance of the 0th-order transmitted light increases with the filling factor R / P, but the transmittance of the entire transmitted light is the filling factor R / P when the filling factor R / P is less than about 0.6.
- the filling rate R / P is about 0.6 or more, it increases with the filling rate R / P and decreases with the filling rate R / P.
- the filling factor R / P of the present embodiment is preferably a value close to 60% from the viewpoint of optimizing the 43 ° incident light.
- the height H, the diameter R, and the pitch P of this embodiment are set to suitable values as described above. Further, in the present embodiment, it is desirable to adopt these suitable values in combination. For example, it is desirable to set the height H to 0.13 to 1.00 ⁇ m, the pitch P to 0.23 to 0.70 ⁇ m, and the filling factor R / P to 35% or more. This makes it possible to adjust both the transmittance of the 0 ° incident light incident on the glass cover 44 from the air and the transmittance of the 43 ° incident light incident on the air from the glass cover 44 to appropriate values. ..
- the transmitted light of the above 0 ° incident light is non-diffractive light (transmitted 0th order light)
- 30% or more of the transmitted light of the 43 ° incident light is non-diffractive light (transmitted). It is possible to set the shape and arrangement of the convex portion 44b so as to be the 0th-order light). This makes it possible to realize a solid-state image sensor having desirable camera characteristics.
- the height H, diameter R, and pitch P of this embodiment are 300 nm, 300 nm, and 400 nm.
- 98.5% of the transmitted light of the above 0 ° incident light was transmitted 0th order light
- of the transmitted light of the above 43 ° incident light. 44.7% was transmitted 0th order light.
- the solid-state imaging device of the present embodiment includes a glass cover 44 provided on the substrate 11 via an on-chip lens 37, and the glass cover 44 has a two-dimensional array shape on the upper surface S of the glass cover 44. It is provided with a plurality of convex portions 44b provided in the above. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to suitably provide the glass cover 44 on the substrate 11 including the photoelectric conversion unit 12. For example, it is possible to suppress the adverse effect of the reflected diffraction in the glass cover 44 on the image by the convex portion 44b.
- the structure of the solid-state image sensor according to the second to eleventh embodiments will be described.
- the solid-state image sensor of these embodiments will be described mainly on the differences from the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment, and the common points with the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment will be omitted as appropriate.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the second embodiment.
- a of FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional view
- B of FIG. 16 is a horizontal sectional view (the same applies to FIGS. 17 to 25 described later).
- the convex portions 44b of the present embodiment are arranged in a two-dimensional array like the convex portions 44b of the first embodiment, but are arranged in a square grid shape unlike the convex portions 44b of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16B shows the pitch P between the convex portions 44b, that is, the center-to-center distance between the closest convex portions 44b and the center-to-center distance P between the next adjacent convex portions 44b.
- the convex portion 44b of the first embodiment has not only the periodic structure of the distance P but also the periodic structure of the distance P'
- the periodic structure of the distance P' also affects the reflection diffraction.
- the convex portion 44b of the present embodiment has not only the periodic structure of the distance P but also the periodic structure of the distance P "
- the periodic structure of the distance P" also affects the reflection diffraction.
- the ratio of P "to P (P" / P) is smaller than the ratio of P'to P (P'/ P)
- the influence of the periodic structure of the distance P " is generally more affected by the distance. It is larger than the influence of the periodic structure of P'. Therefore, when it is desired to reduce the influence of the periodic structure between the convex portions 44b of the next proximity, the triangle as in the first embodiment is more than the square grid as in the present embodiment. It is preferable to use a grid.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the third embodiment.
- the solid-state image sensor of the present embodiment includes a translucent cover 44'instead of the glass cover 44.
- the convex portion 44b of the glass cover 44 of the first embodiment is formed of SiO 2
- the convex portion 44b'of the present embodiment is formed of TiO 2. This makes it possible to obtain the same effect as that of the convex portion 44b of the first embodiment.
- the translucent cover 44' is an example of the translucent member of the present disclosure.
- the translucent cover 44'of the present embodiment includes a main body portion 44a'and a plurality of convex portions 44b' projecting in the + Z direction with respect to the main body portion 44a'.
- the main body portion 44a' may be formed of TiO 2 like the convex portion 44b', or may be formed of a material other than TiO 2 (for example, SiO 2 ).
- the convex portion 44b'of this embodiment may be made of a material other than SiO 2 and TiO 2.
- materials are SiN, Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , TiO 2 , STO (Strontium Titan Oxide) and the like.
- N represents nitrogen
- Al represents aluminum
- Hf represents hafnium.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the fourth embodiment.
- each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment includes a lower portion 45 and an upper portion 46 provided on the lower portion 45.
- the shapes of the lower portion 45 and the upper portion 46 are both cylindrical.
- the projected area of the upper portion 46 is set to be larger than the projected area of the lower portion 45.
- the projected areas of the lower portion 45 and the upper portion 46 are the areas obtained by projecting the lower portion 45 and the upper portion 46 onto the XY plane, respectively. equal.
- the lower portion 45 is an example of the first part of the present disclosure
- the upper portion 46 is an example of the second part of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 18 shows the height H1 of the lower portion 45 and the height H2 of the upper portion 46.
- FIG. 18B shows the diameter R1 of the lower portion 45 and the diameter R2 of the upper portion 46.
- Both the lower portion 45 and the upper portion 46 of the present embodiment are formed of SiO 2.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor according to the fifth embodiment.
- each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment includes a lower portion 47 and an upper portion 48 provided on the lower portion 47.
- the shapes of the lower portion 47 and the upper portion 48 are both cylindrical.
- the projected area of the upper portion 48 is set smaller than the projected area of the lower portion 47.
- the projected areas of the lower portion 47 and the upper portion 48 are the areas obtained by projecting the lower portion 47 and the upper portion 48 onto the XY plane, respectively. equal.
- the lower portion 47 is an example of the first part of the present disclosure
- the upper portion 48 is an example of the second part of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 19 shows the height H3 of the lower portion 47 and the height H4 of the upper portion 48.
- FIG. 19B shows the diameter R3 of the lower portion 47 and the diameter R4 of the upper portion 48.
- Both the lower portion 47 and the upper portion 48 of the present embodiment are formed of SiO 2.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the sixth embodiment.
- each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is a cone as shown in FIG. 20A.
- the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment includes the upper surface S1 of the main body portion 44a and the upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b.
- the upper surface S1 of the main body portion 44a and the upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b are directly connected to each other.
- the upper surface S1 is a horizontal plane parallel to the XY plane
- the upper surface S4 is an inclined surface inclined with respect to the XY plane.
- the method of determining the height H, the diameter R, and the pitch P of the convex portion 44b is the same as in the case of the first embodiment (see A and B in FIG. 9).
- the diameter R of the convex portion 44b represents the diameter at the bottom of the convex portion 44b.
- the height H, diameter R, and pitch P of this embodiment are, for example, 240 nm, 293 nm, and 450 nm.
- the convex portion 44b of the present embodiment it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the convex portion 44b of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the seventh embodiment.
- each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is a shape in which the tip of the cone is cut off. Therefore, the vertical cross-sectional (vertical cross-sectional) shape of each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is a trapezoid.
- the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment includes an upper surface S1 of the main body portion 44a, an upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b, and a further upper surface S5 of the convex portion 44b.
- the upper surface S1 of the main body 44a and the upper surface S5 of the convex portion 44b are connected by the upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b.
- the upper surface S1 is a horizontal plane parallel to the XY plane
- the upper surface S4 is an inclined plane inclined with respect to the XY plane
- the upper surface S5 is a horizontal plane parallel to the XY plane.
- the method of determining the height H, the diameter R, and the pitch P of the convex portion 44b is the same as in the case of the first embodiment (see A and B in FIG. 9).
- the diameter R of the convex portion 44b represents the diameter at the bottom of the convex portion 44b.
- the height H, diameter R, and pitch P of this embodiment are, for example, 170 nm, 293 nm, and 450 nm.
- the diameter of the upper surface S5 of the present embodiment is, for example, 146 nm.
- the convex portion 44b of the present embodiment it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the convex portion 44b of the first embodiment. Further, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to realize the convex portion 44b having a property intermediate between the convex portion 44b of the cylinder and the convex portion 44b of the cone.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the eighth embodiment.
- each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is a pyramid, and more specifically, an octagonal pyramid. Therefore, the planar shape of each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is a polygon (octagon) as shown in FIG. 20B.
- the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment includes the upper surface S1 of the main body portion 44a and the upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b.
- the upper surface S1 of the main body portion 44a and the upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b are directly connected to each other.
- the upper surface S1 is a horizontal plane parallel to the XY plane
- the upper surface S4 is an inclined surface inclined with respect to the XY plane.
- each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the convex portion 44b of the first embodiment.
- the shape of each convex portion 44b may be a pyramid other than the octagonal pyramid.
- the planar shape of each convex portion 44b is a polygon other than an octagon, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, and a hexagon.
- the shape of each convex portion 44b may be a prism such as a triangular prism, a square prism, or a hexagonal prism.
- the planar shape of each convex portion 44b is a polygon such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a hexagon.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the ninth embodiment.
- each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is a shape in which the tip of a pyramid is cut off. Therefore, the vertical cross-sectional (vertical cross-sectional) shape of each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is a trapezoid.
- the upper surface S of the glass cover 44 of the present embodiment includes an upper surface S1 of the main body portion 44a, an upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b, and a further upper surface S5 of the convex portion 44b.
- the upper surface S1 of the main body 44a and the upper surface S5 of the convex portion 44b are connected by the upper surface S4 of the convex portion 44b.
- the upper surface S1 is a horizontal plane parallel to the XY plane
- the upper surface S4 is an inclined plane inclined with respect to the XY plane
- the upper surface S5 is a horizontal plane parallel to the XY plane.
- the convex portion 44b of the present embodiment it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the convex portion 44b of the first embodiment. Further, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a convex portion 44b having a property intermediate between the convex portion 44b of the prism and the convex portion 44b of the pyramid. In this case, the number of vertices on the bottom surface of the prism and the number of vertices on the bottom surface of the pyramid may be any number.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor according to the tenth embodiment.
- each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is such that a concave portion 49 extending in the Z direction is provided in the cylinder.
- the depth of the concave portion 49 of the present embodiment is the same as the height H of the convex portion 44b (see A in FIG. 9), but may be deeper or shallower than the height H of the convex portion 44b. According to this embodiment, it is possible to adjust the way of propagating light by changing the shape of the recess 49.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solid-state image sensor of the eleventh embodiment.
- each convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is such that a concave portion 49 extending in the Z direction is provided in the cone.
- the depth of the concave portion 49 of the present embodiment is the same as the height H of the convex portion 44b, but may be deeper or shallower than the height H of the convex portion 44b. According to this embodiment, it is possible to adjust the way of propagating light by changing the shape of the recess 49.
- the recess 49 of the tenth or eleventh embodiment may be provided in a solid other than a cylinder or a cone.
- this solid are prisms and pyramids.
- the number of vertices on the bottom surface of the prism and the number of vertices on the bottom surface of the pyramid may be any number.
- the shape of the recess 49 of the tenth or eleventh embodiment may be other than a cylinder, for example, a prism. In this case as well, the number of vertices on the bottom surface of this prism may be any number.
- FIG. 26 is a graph for explaining the transmittance in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a graph for explaining the reflectance in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment includes a plurality of convex portions 44b having a cylindrical shape.
- FIG. 26 shows the transmittance of incident light incident on the air from the glass cover 44 at various angles of incidence.
- FIG. 27 shows the reflectance of incident light incident on the air from the glass cover 44 at various angles of incidence.
- each of FIGS. 26 and 27 has not only curves 1 to 3 when the glass cover 44 has the convex portion 44b, but also curves 4 to 6 when the glass cover 44 does not have the convex portion 44b. Shows. Curves 1 to 3 show the transmittance when the wavelengths of the incident light are 0.5 ⁇ m, 0.55 ⁇ m, and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively. Similarly, curves 4 to 6 show the reflectance when the wavelengths of the incident light are 0.5 ⁇ m, 0.55 ⁇ m, and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the transmittance of the incident light increases.
- the transmittance of the curves 4 to 6 is lower than 40%, but the transmittance of the curves 1 to 3 is higher than 80%.
- the glass cover 44 is provided with the convex portion 44b, the reflectance of the incident light is reduced.
- the reflectance of the curves 4 to 6 is higher than 80%, but the reflectance of the curves 1 to 3 is lower than 40%.
- FIG. 28 is a graph for explaining the transmittance in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a graph for explaining the reflectance in the fifth embodiment.
- the solid-state image pickup device of the fifth embodiment includes a plurality of convex portions 44b having a shape including the lower portion 47 and the upper portion 48.
- FIG. 28 shows the transmittance of incident light incident on the air from the glass cover 44 at various angles of incidence.
- FIG. 29 shows the reflectance of incident light incident on the air from the glass cover 44 at various angles of incidence.
- each of FIGS. 28 and 29 has not only curves 1 to 3 when the glass cover 44 has the convex portion 44b, but also curves 4 to 6 when the glass cover 44 does not have the convex portion 44b. Shows. Curves 1 to 3 show the transmittance when the wavelengths of the incident light are 0.5 ⁇ m, 0.55 ⁇ m, and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively. Similarly, curves 4 to 6 show the reflectance when the wavelengths of the incident light are 0.5 ⁇ m, 0.55 ⁇ m, and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the transmittance of the incident light increases.
- the transmittance of the curves 4 to 6 is lower than 40%, but the transmittance of the curves 1 to 3 is higher than 80%.
- the glass cover 44 is provided with the convex portion 44b, the reflectance of the incident light is reduced.
- the reflectance of the curves 4 to 6 is higher than 80%, but the reflectance of the curves 1 to 3 is lower than 40%.
- the convex portion 44b on the glass cover 44, it is possible to suppress the reflection diffraction in the glass cover 44 from adversely affecting the image. It will be possible. This also applies to other embodiments.
- (12th Embodiment) 30 and 31 are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing the solid-state image sensor according to the twelfth embodiment.
- the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment is manufactured, but as will be described later, the solid-state image sensor of another embodiment may be manufactured.
- a photoelectric conversion unit 12 or the like is formed in the substrate 11, wiring layers 22 to 24, an interlayer insulating film 25 or the like is formed on the surface of the substrate 11, and an on-chip lens 37 or the like is formed on the back surface of the substrate 11.
- the substrate 11 is arranged on the support substrate 21.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12, the wiring layers 22 to 24, the interlayer insulating film 25, the on-chip lens 37, the support substrate 21, and the like are not shown.
- the glass cover 44 is attached to the back surface of the substrate 11 via an on-chip lens 37 (not shown) or a glass seal resin 43 (A in FIG. 30).
- the glass cover 44 of this embodiment is, for example, a glass substrate.
- the photoresist layer 71 is formed on the glass cover 44 (B in FIG. 30).
- the photoresist layer 71 is exposed by lithography using the photomask 72 (C in FIG. 30).
- C in FIG. 30 shows a light-shielding portion 72a included in the photomask 72. The light that is not shielded by the light-shielding portion 72a is applied to the photoresist layer 71.
- the photoresist layer 71 is developed by etching (A in FIG. 31). As a result, the photoresist layer 71 is patterned as shown in FIG. 31A. A in FIG. 31 shows a plurality of resist portions 71a which are the remaining portions of the photoresist layer 71.
- the glass cover 44 is processed by etching (B in FIG. 31).
- the shape of the resist portion 71a is transferred to the glass cover 44, and a plurality of convex portions 44b are formed on the upper surface of the glass cover 44.
- B in FIG. 31 shows the main body portion 44a of the glass cover 44 and the convex portions 44b thereof.
- the convex portion 44b of the present embodiment is formed in a two-dimensional array shape as described above.
- the photoresist layer 71 is removed and the glass cover 44 is washed (C in FIG. 31). In this way, the solid-state image sensor of the first embodiment is manufactured.
- the solid-state image sensor according to any one of the second to eleventh embodiments may be manufactured.
- the shape of the convex portion 44b is set to a prism instead of a cylinder
- the shape of the resist portion 71a is set to a prism instead of a cylinder.
- the shape of the resist portion 71a may be set to a cone or a pyramid, or the glass cover 44 is etched back by the etching in FIG. 31B. You may.
- the concave portion 49 may be formed in the convex portion 44b by the etching in B of FIG. 31 or another etching.
- the substrate including the photoelectric conversion unit and With the lens provided on the substrate, A translucent member provided on the lens is provided.
- the translucent member is a solid-state image pickup device including a plurality of convex portions provided in a two-dimensional array on the upper surface of the translucent member.
- the convex part is Of the transmitted light of the light incident on the upper surface of the translucent member at an incident angle of 0 ° from the subject side, 97% or more is non-diffraction light. Of the transmitted light of the light incident on the upper surface of the translucent member at an incident angle of 43 ° from the substrate side, 30% or more is non-diffraction light.
- the solid-state image pickup device according to (1) which is provided as described above.
- the convex portion is formed of SiO 2 , SiN, Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , TIO 2 , or STO (Strontium Titan Oxide) (Si is silicon, O is oxygen, N is nitrogen, Al is aluminum, Hf stands for hafnium and Ti stands for titanium), the solid-state imaging device according to (1).
- a translucent member is placed on the substrate including the photoelectric conversion unit via a lens.
- a plurality of convex portions are formed in a two-dimensional array on the upper surface of the translucent member.
- the substrate including the photoelectric conversion unit and The first lens provided on the substrate and The translucent member provided on the lens and A second lens provided above the translucent member at a distance from the translucent member is provided.
- the translucent member is an electronic device including a plurality of protrusions provided in a two-dimensional array on the upper surface of the translucent member.
- Pixel 2 Pixel array area 3: Control circuit, 4: Vertical drive circuit, 5: Column signal processing circuit, 6: Horizontal drive circuit, 7: Output circuit, 8: Vertical signal line, 9: Horizontal signal line, 10: Logic circuit, 11: Substrate, 12: Photoelectric conversion unit, 13: p-type semiconductor region, 14: n-type semiconductor region, 15: p-type semiconductor region, 16: pixel separation layer, 17: p-well layer, 18: floating diffusion part, 21: Support board, 22: Wiring layer, 23: Wiring layer, 24: Wiring layer, 25: interlayer insulating film, 26: gate electrode, 27: gate insulating film, 31: groove, 32: element separation part, 33: fixed charge film, 34: insulating film, 35: light-shielding film, 36: color filter, 37: on-chip lens, 41: Flattening film, 42: Cover film, 43: Glass seal resin, 44: Glass cover, 44': Translucent cover, 44a: Main body, 44a': Main body, 44
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態の固体撮像装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
図16は、第2実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。図16のAは縦断面図であり、図16のBは横断面図である(後述する図17~図25も同様)。
図17は、第3実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。
図18は、第4実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。
図19は、第5実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。
図20は、第6実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。
図21は、第7実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。
図22は、第8実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。
図23は、第9実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。
図24は、第10実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。
図25は、第11実施形態の固体撮像装置の構造を示す断面図である。
図26は、第1実施形態における透過率について説明するためのグラフである。図27は、第1実施形態における反射率について説明するためのグラフである。第1実施形態の固体撮像装置は、上述のように、円柱の形状を有する複数の凸部44bを備えている。
図30と図31は、第12実施形態の固体撮像装置の製造方法を示す断面図である。本実施形態の方法では、第1実施形態の固体撮像装置を製造するが、後述するように、その他の実施形態の固体撮像装置を製造してもよい。
光電変換部を含む基板と、
前記基板上に設けられたレンズと、
前記レンズ上に設けられた透光性部材とを備え、
前記透光性部材は、前記透光性部材の上面に2次元アレイ状に設けられた複数の凸部を含む、固体撮像装置。
前記凸部の高さは、0.13~1.00μmである、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部間のピッチは、0.23~0.70μmである、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記透光性部材の前記上面における前記凸部の充填率は、35%以上である、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記透光性部材の前記上面における前記凸部の充填率は、60%以上である、(4)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部は、
前記透光性部材の前記上面に被写体側から0°の入射角で入射した光の透過光のうち、97%以上が非回折光となり、
前記透光性部材の前記上面に前記基板側から43°の入射角で入射した光の透過光のうち、30%以上が非回折光となる、
ように設けられている、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部の形状は、円柱、角柱、円錐、または角錐である、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部は、第1部分と、前記第1部分上に設けられ、前記第1部分よりも投影面積が大きい第2部分とを有する、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部は、第1部分と、前記第1部分上に設けられ、前記第1部分よりも投影面積が小さい第2部分とを有する、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部の垂直断面の形状は、台形である、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部は、前記凸部内を垂直方向に延びる凹部を有する、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部の平面形状は、円または多角形である、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部は、前記透光性部材の前記上面に三角格子状に設けられている、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部は、空気に露出している、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記凸部は、SiO2、SiN、Al2O3、HfO2、TiO2、またはSTO(Strontium Titan Oxide)で形成されている(Siはシリコン、Oは酸素、Nは窒素、Alはアルミニウム、Hfはハフニウム、Tiはチタンを表す)、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記透光性部材は、ガラスカバーである、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
前記透光性部材は、前記基板に対し接着されている、(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
光電変換部を含む基板上にレンズを介して透光性部材を配置し、
前記透光性部材の上面に複数の凸部を2次元アレイ状に形成する、
ことを含む固体撮像装置の製造方法。
前記凸部は、前記透光性部材の前記上面をエッチングにより加工することで、前記透光性部材の前記上面に形成される、(18)に記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。
光電変換部を含む基板と、
前記基板上に設けられた第1レンズと、
前記レンズ上に設けられた透光性部材と、
前記透光性部材の上方に前記透光性部材と離間して設けられた第2レンズとを備え、
前記透光性部材は、前記透光性部材の上面に2次元アレイ状に設けられた複数の凸部を含む、電子機器。
4:垂直駆動回路、5:カラム信号処理回路、6:水平駆動回路、
7:出力回路、8:垂直信号線、9:水平信号線、10:ロジック回路、
11:基板、12:光電変換部、13:p型半導体領域、14:n型半導体領域、
15:p型半導体領域、16:画素分離層、17:pウェル層、18:浮遊拡散部、
21:支持基板、22:配線層、23:配線層、24:配線層、
25:層間絶縁膜、26:ゲート電極、27:ゲート絶縁膜、
31:溝、32:素子分離部、33:固定電荷膜、34:絶縁膜、
35:遮光膜、36:カラーフィルタ、37:オンチップレンズ、
41:平坦化膜、42:カバー膜、43:ガラスシール樹脂、
44:ガラスカバー、44’:透光性カバー、44a:本体部、44a’:本体部、
44b:凸部、44b’:凸部、45:下方部、46:上方部、
47:下方部、48:上方部、49:凹部、
51:絶縁膜、52:配線層、52a:ビア配線、53:金属パッド、
54:ソルダーマスク、55:ソルダーボール、
61:チップ領域、61’チップ、61a:有効画素領域、61b:外周領域、
62:ダイシング領域、62a:ダイシングライン、62b:ダイシングライン、
63:実装基板、64:撮像レンズアセンブリ、
64a:撮像レンズ、64b:撮像レンズ、
64c:撮像レンズ、64d:撮像レンズ、64e:撮像レンズ、
71:フォトレジスト層、71a:レジスト部、
72:フォトマスク、72a:遮光部
Claims (20)
- 光電変換部を含む基板と、
前記基板上に設けられたレンズと、
前記レンズ上に設けられた透光性部材とを備え、
前記透光性部材は、前記透光性部材の上面に2次元アレイ状に設けられた複数の凸部を含む、固体撮像装置。 - 前記凸部の高さは、0.13~1.00μmである、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部間のピッチは、0.23~0.70μmである、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記透光性部材の前記上面における前記凸部の充填率は、35%以上である、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記透光性部材の前記上面における前記凸部の充填率は、60%以上である、請求項4に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部は、
前記透光性部材の前記上面に被写体側から0°の入射角で入射した光の透過光のうち、97%以上が非回折光となり、
前記透光性部材の前記上面に前記基板側から43°の入射角で入射した光の透過光のうち、30%以上が非回折光となる、
ように設けられている、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記凸部の形状は、円柱、角柱、円錐、または角錐である、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部は、第1部分と、前記第1部分上に設けられ、前記第1部分よりも投影面積が大きい第2部分とを有する、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部は、第1部分と、前記第1部分上に設けられ、前記第1部分よりも投影面積が小さい第2部分とを有する、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部の垂直断面の形状は、台形である、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部は、前記凸部内を垂直方向に延びる凹部を有する、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部の平面形状は、円または多角形である、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部は、前記透光性部材の前記上面に三角格子状に設けられている、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部は、空気に露出している、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記凸部は、SiO2、SiN、Al2O3、HfO2、TiO2、またはSTO(Strontium Titan Oxide)で形成されている(Siはシリコン、Oは酸素、Nは窒素、Alはアルミニウム、Hfはハフニウム、Tiはチタンを表す)、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記透光性部材は、ガラスカバーである、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 前記透光性部材は、前記基板に対し接着されている、請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
- 光電変換部を含む基板上にレンズを介して透光性部材を配置し、
前記透光性部材の上面に複数の凸部を2次元アレイ状に形成する、
ことを含む固体撮像装置の製造方法。 - 前記凸部は、前記透光性部材の前記上面をエッチングにより加工することで、前記透光性部材の前記上面に形成される、請求項18に記載の固体撮像装置の製造方法。
- 光電変換部を含む基板と、
前記基板上に設けられた第1レンズと、
前記レンズ上に設けられた透光性部材と、
前記透光性部材の上方に前記透光性部材と離間して設けられた第2レンズとを備え、
前記透光性部材は、前記透光性部材の上面に2次元アレイ状に設けられた複数の凸部を含む、電子機器。
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| KR1020237003042A KR20230041712A (ko) | 2020-07-21 | 2021-06-03 | 고체 촬상 장치, 고체 촬상 장치의 제조 방법, 및 전자기기 |
| US18/005,094 US12588309B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2021-06-03 | Solid-state imaging apparatus, method for manufacturing solid-state imaging apparatus, and electronic apparatus |
| CN202180040428.7A CN115803885A (zh) | 2020-07-21 | 2021-06-03 | 固体摄像装置、固体摄像装置的制造方法和电子设备 |
| DE112021003874.5T DE112021003874T5 (de) | 2020-07-21 | 2021-06-03 | Festkörperbildgebungseinrichtung, verfahren zum herstellen einer festkörperbildgebungseinrichtung und elektronische vorrichtung |
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- 2021-06-03 DE DE112021003874.5T patent/DE112021003874T5/de active Pending
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| US20230261018A1 (en) | 2023-08-17 |
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| JP2022021100A (ja) | 2022-02-02 |
| DE112021003874T5 (de) | 2023-05-11 |
| US12588309B2 (en) | 2026-03-24 |
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