WO2022017356A1 - 一种拾音装置 - Google Patents

一种拾音装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022017356A1
WO2022017356A1 PCT/CN2021/107273 CN2021107273W WO2022017356A1 WO 2022017356 A1 WO2022017356 A1 WO 2022017356A1 CN 2021107273 W CN2021107273 W CN 2021107273W WO 2022017356 A1 WO2022017356 A1 WO 2022017356A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pickup device
microphone
sound pickup
sound
diaphragm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/107273
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜南
林居颖
付强
郑坤坤
李�瑞
吴登峰
冯津伟
Original Assignee
阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司
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Application filed by 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 filed Critical 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司
Publication of WO2022017356A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022017356A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/08—Microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/04—Structural association of microphone with electric circuitry therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/08—Mouthpieces; Microphones; Attachments therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/10—Telephone receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2410/00—Microphones

Definitions

  • the embodiments of this specification relate to the technical field of acoustic signal processing, and in particular, to a sound pickup device.
  • the directivity of a microphone refers to a description of its sensitivity to sound from all directions in space, which is an important attribute of mic.
  • the directivity attributes include omnidirectional and cardioid, supercardioid and bidirectional, etc. Except for the omnidirectional attribute, other directivities are almost all received by changing the cavity setting of the microphone and mixing modulation. sound signal to obtain sensitivity to sound in different directions.
  • the vibration of the diaphragm depends on the pressure difference between the acoustic signals received at both ends, and a fine acoustic filter is placed at the front of the rear sound hole to delay the effect.
  • the incoming sound can reach the diaphragm from the front and rear sound inlet holes at the same time and cancel, so the polar diagram of the directional microphone is in the shape of a heart.
  • This manual describes a sound pickup device. Through the internal structure design of the mic, the occlusion of the sound signal by the internal structure of the mic is reduced, so as to improve the directivity performance of the mic.
  • the embodiments of this specification provide a sound pickup device, including a microphone and a first component,
  • the microphone includes at least one sound inlet hole and a diaphragm, and at least one sound inlet hole is located on at least one side of the diaphragm; the first component at least includes a signal processing circuit, and the signal processing circuit is used to perform signal processing on the electrical signal output by the microphone; the first The component forms a solid angle with respect to the center point of the microphone or diaphragm; the angle between the center point of the first component and the first straight line determined by the center point of the microphone or diaphragm and the first plane where the diaphragm is located is less than The first threshold; the projection of the solid angle on the second plane is smaller than the second threshold, the second plane is the plane determined by the center axis of the diaphragm and the center point of the first component, and the center axis is perpendicular to the first plane.
  • the length of the first component is less than the third threshold; and/or, the distance between the center point of the first component and the center point of the microphone or diaphragm is less than the fourth threshold .
  • the absolute value of the included angle between the first straight line and the first plane is less than or equal to 15°.
  • the signal processing circuit is integrated on the PCB circuit board, including the impedance converter.
  • the impedance converter includes a field effect transistor and a diode; the gate of the field effect transistor is electrically connected to the microphone, and the diode is connected between the source and the gate of the field effect transistor.
  • the first component further includes a lighting component and/or a structural component
  • the structural assembly includes any one or more structural members for supporting, limiting and fixing the microphone or the first assembly.
  • the numbers of the microphones and the first components are both multiple, and the multiple first components and the multiple microphones are respectively arranged correspondingly;
  • the sound pickup device also includes an annular support member supporting a plurality of first assemblies; the plurality of first assemblies are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular support member and fixed on one side of the annular support member; the plurality of microphones correspond to the plurality of first assemblies It is fixed on the other side of the annular support, and the first plane of each microphone is perpendicular to the plane where the annular support is located.
  • the sound pickup device further includes a flexible annular PCB circuit board, the signal processing circuits of the plurality of first components are integrated on the flexible annular PCB circuit board, and the flexible annular PCB circuit board is attached to the annular support member.
  • the first assembly further includes an LED light, and the LED light is fixed on the annular support.
  • the sound pickup device further includes a plurality of LED lights, the plurality of LED lights are evenly distributed on the annular support, and the number of the LED lights is greater than the number of the microphones.
  • the sound pickup device further includes a second casing and a supporting bottom plate; the second casing is outside the plurality of microphones and the plurality of first assemblies; at least one side of the second casing is provided with a plurality of sound inlet holes; a plurality of The microphone is fixed on the support base plate.
  • the microphone further includes a metal electrode plate, and the metal electrode plate is provided with a number of sound inlet holes; opposite charges reside on both sides of the diaphragm, one of which is coated with a metal layer, and the diaphragm is parallel to the metal electrode plate And spaced apart, an air gap is formed in the middle, the air gap is used as an insulating medium, the metal electrode plate and the metal layer on the vibrating film are used as two electrodes to form a flat capacitor, and the two poles of the flat capacitor are respectively provided with output electrodes.
  • the microphone further includes a first shell and a first surface and a second surface; the first surface and the second surface and the first shell enclose a cavity, and both the diaphragm and the metal electrode plate are placed in the cavity; At least one of the first surface and the second surface is a sound entry surface, and the sound entry surface is provided with a plurality of sound entry holes.
  • the microphone further includes a first shell and a first surface; the first surface, the metal electrode plate, and the first shell form a cavity, and the diaphragm is placed in the cavity; the first surface and the metal electrode plate at least One is used as the input surface, and there are several input holes on the input surface.
  • an embodiment of the present specification further provides a conference phone device, where the conference phone device includes the sound pickup device described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • an embodiment of this specification further provides a mobile terminal, where the mobile terminal includes the sound pickup device described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present specification further provides a recording device, where the recording device includes the sound pickup device described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the embodiments of this specification further provide a portable wearable device, the portable wearable device supports voice recognition, voice calls and/or video calls, and includes the sound pickup device according to any of the above embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present specification further provides an IoT device, where the IoT device supports at least voice collection, and includes the sound pickup device described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the sound pickup device By using the sound pickup device provided in the embodiment of this specification, by adjusting the relative positional relationship between the first component in the mic and the microphone, the noise to entry caused by the unreasonable position setting of components such as signal processing circuits and LED lights in the internal structure of the traditional mic is reduced.
  • the occlusion of the acoustic signal makes the incoming acoustic signal more in line with the expected strength or signal state required by the directional design, thereby reducing the gap between the actual directional performance of the product and the expected performance.
  • Fig. 1 shows a kind of existing structure design of directional mic
  • FIG. 2 shows the relative positional relationship between the first component and the microphone in the perspective of a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the spatial solid angle ⁇ formed in an embodiment of the present specification
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the projection angle of the solid angle ⁇ on the second plane according to an embodiment of the present specification
  • Fig. 5 shows the relative positional relationship between the first component and the microphone in another embodiment of the present specification
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a microphone in an embodiment of the present specification
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between a microphone and a signal processing circuit in an embodiment of the present specification
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a sound pickup device in yet another embodiment of the present specification.
  • the inventor found that one of the reasons for the gap between the directivity performance of the mic and the design expectation is that in the structural design of some existing directivity mics, some structures block the acoustic path of the directivity mic. Part of the sound signal entering the sound hole cannot reach the diaphragm because it is blocked, resulting in a gap between the sound pressure intensity that the diaphragm in the mic can sense and the intensity that the design expects to sense, which affects the sound transparency of the mic. Sex mic cannot achieve ideal directional radio, and there are phenomena such as pointing direction deviation.
  • an embodiment of the present specification discloses a sound pickup device, the structural design of the sound pickup device can minimize the influence on the directivity performance due to the shielding of its own structure.
  • an embodiment of this specification discloses a sound pickup device, which at least includes a microphone 11 and a first component 12 .
  • the microphone 11 includes at least one diaphragm 111 and at least one sound inlet hole, and the at least one sound inlet hole is located on at least one side of the diaphragm 111 .
  • the first component 12 at least includes a signal processing circuit, and the signal processing circuit is used to perform signal processing on the electrical signal output by the microphone 11 .
  • a microphone is sometimes also referred to as a microphone (mic), a microphone head, a microphone tube, a microphone, and the like.
  • the microphone only includes a component for converting an acoustic signal into an electrical signal, and does not include a signal processing circuit for performing signal processing on the electrical signal.
  • the microphone in the embodiment of the present specification only includes the acousto-electric conversion component in the mic, but does not include the impedance conversion circuit for performing impedance conversion and signal amplification on the electrical signal.
  • a mic includes both an acoustic-electrical conversion component and a signal processing circuit, that is, electronic devices such as signal processing circuits sometimes belong to a component of the mic, but it should be noted that in the embodiments of this specification, Among them, the signal processing circuit belongs to the first component, and in some embodiments, the first component at least includes the signal processing circuit, and the signal processing circuit can be integrated on the PCB circuit board. In another part of the embodiments, it may also include other electronic devices such as LED lights, and structural members that play the role of supporting, limiting, fixing, etc., or may also include printed trademark logos, decorative parts with industrial design elements, etc. Wait.
  • FIG. 2 shows the relative positional relationship between the first component 12 and the microphone 11 in the perspective of a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an embodiment.
  • the first component 12 is disposed above the side surface of the microphone 11
  • the microphone 11 includes at least one diaphragm 111 , which defines the center point a of the first component 12 and the diaphragm 111 or
  • the straight line ab determined by the center point b of the microphone 11 is the first straight line
  • the plane where the diaphragm 111 is located is defined as the first plane, then the angle formed by the first straight line and the first plane is ⁇ , and ⁇ should be smaller than the first plane.
  • a threshold is
  • ⁇ falls within a first preset angle range approaching 0, for example, the absolute value of the included angle between the first straight line ab and the first plane is less than or equal to 15°, that is, ⁇ ⁇ [-15°,+15°].
  • the first component 12 forms a spatial solid angle ⁇ with respect to the center point b of the microphone 12 or the diaphragm 111 .
  • the solid angle ⁇ is the solid angle formed by the apparent boundary shape of the first component relative to the center point b.
  • the projection of the solid angle ⁇ on the second plane is smaller than the second threshold.
  • the second plane is the plane defined by the center axis of the diaphragm 111 and the center point a of the first component.
  • the central axis of the diaphragm is the central axis perpendicular to the first plane.
  • the straight line bc in FIG. 4 is the central axis perpendicular to the first plane where the diaphragm 111 is located, and the plane determined by the central axis bc and the point a in the three-dimensional space is the second plane.
  • the projection of the solid angle ⁇ on the second plane falls within the second predetermined angle range.
  • the projection angle of the solid angle ⁇ on the second plane is ⁇ .
  • the absolute value of ⁇ is less than or equal to 20°, that is, ⁇ [-20°,+20°] , in another part of the embodiment, ⁇ [-10°,+10°].
  • the definition of the projection angle of the solid angle formed by the first component 12 and the center point b on the second plane is equivalent to limiting the size of the first component 12 in the direction of the center axis bc not to exceed a preset value. If the size of the first component 12 in the bc direction is relatively large, the acoustic signal of at least one of the front and back surfaces of the microphone 11 will be blocked. Therefore, the dimension of the first component 12 in the bc direction should be smaller than the thickness dimension of the microphone in the bc direction as much as possible.
  • the first component 12 shown in FIG. 3 only includes a PCB circuit board with a regular shape, while in actual products, the shape of the PCB circuit board is not a regular geometry in most cases. shape, the first component 12 may also include other electronic devices other than the PCB circuit board.
  • the length of the first component 12 is less than the third threshold.
  • the value range of the third threshold may be 0-0.5 cm.
  • the distance between the center point a of the first component 12 and the center point b of the microphone 11 or the diaphragm 111 is smaller than the fourth threshold.
  • the distance between the center point and the center point b is less than the fourth threshold, which defines the relative distance between the first component 12 and the microphone 11 in the direction perpendicular to the center axis of the diaphragm; the value range of the fourth threshold can be 0 ⁇ 1cm.
  • the center points of the first component 12 and the microphone 11 or the diaphragm 111 in the above embodiments may be their respective geometric center points, or may be their respective centers of gravity or mass.
  • a suspension method can be used to determine where the center of gravity is.
  • the center point may be determined as follows:
  • the shape of the diaphragm 111 is a circular sheet, and the center of the circle can be approximated as the center point of the diaphragm.
  • the microphone 11 is a regular shape approximate to a cylinder, and the geometric center point of the cylinder can be approximated as the center point of the microphone 11 .
  • the first component is an irregular shape. There are many methods for determining the geometric center of an irregular spatial three-dimensional shape. In a few cases, the first component can be approximated as a homogeneous body with uniform density, and its center of gravity is the geometric center. It can be determined by the suspension method. In most cases, the first component is a heterogeneous body with significantly uneven density, and its center point can be determined as follows:
  • the plane geometry obtained by the projection of its three-dimensional appearance boundary on the horizontal plane ie, on the xy plane
  • the coordinates of each point on the boundary of the plane geometry are obtained, and the coordinates obtained by averaging the coordinates of each point are is the coordinate of the center point of the plane geometry, and then in the vertical direction (that is, in the z-axis direction) passing through the center point of the plane geometry, the midpoint of the size and length of the first component is the geometry of the first component
  • the method of confirming the center point of the plane geometry is not limited to the mean value of the coordinates, but can also be determined according to the intersection of the long axis and the short axis, or can also be determined based on the suspension method.
  • the center of gravity or the center of mass, the center of gravity of the plane geometry or The centroid is its geometric center point; or you can also draw a straight line on the geometric plane, and then calculate the area on both sides. center.
  • the above-mentioned method can be referred to, and the diaphragm 111 can be approximated as a plane geometric figure.
  • the embodiments of this specification are not listed one by one.
  • the center points of the microphone 11 and the diaphragm 111 may be coincident, that is, the center points of the two are the same point, and in some other embodiments, the center points of the diaphragm 111 and the microphone 11 are two different points.
  • the included angle ⁇ is 0°, that is, the first straight line ab where the center point a and the center point b are located is coplanar with the first plane where the diaphragm 111 is located, and the first component 12 is located on the diaphragm 111
  • the shielding degree of the first component 12 for the acoustic signal is minimized, and the directivity performance of the mic is minimized.
  • the angle between the straight line ab and the first plane is difficult to be precisely 0°, that is, the first component 12 is not arranged directly above the side surface of the microphone 11, but is slightly inclined. .
  • the microphones may be various types of microphones, such as moving coil type, condenser type, electret and silicon micro-microphone.
  • the microphone in one embodiment is described below by taking the electret type as an example.
  • the microphone 11 may include a diaphragm 111 , a metal electrode plate 112 , and a first housing 114 .
  • the metal electrode plate 112 is provided with a plurality of sound inlet holes 1121 .
  • the body of the diaphragm 111 is an extremely thin polymer material diaphragm, such as a Teflon plastic film, one side of which is coated (or plated or evaporated) with a layer of pure gold film 1110. After the high-voltage electric field electret , opposite charges reside on both sides of the diaphragm 111 respectively.
  • the first casing 114 is made of metal, the metal surface 1110 of the diaphragm 111 is connected to the first casing 114 , a metal washer 117 is arranged between the diaphragm 111 and the first casing, and the other side of the diaphragm 111 is connected to the first casing 114 .
  • the space is separated by a plastic gasket 118, and the plastic gasket 118 is also used to isolate the metal electrode plate 112 and the first casing 114, so as to place a short circuit between the metal casing and the metal electrode plate.
  • the diaphragm 111 and the metal electrode plate 112 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart.
  • An air gap 113 is formed in the middle.
  • the air gap 113 is used as an insulating medium.
  • the metal electrode plate 112 and the metal layer 1110 on the diaphragm 111 are used as two electrodes to form a flat capacitor.
  • the two poles of the capacitor are respectively provided with output electrodes.
  • the microphone 11 further has a first surface 115 and a second surface 116, and the first surface 115 is a sound-transmitting diaphragm, which mainly plays a role of dust prevention.
  • the second surface 116 is also a sound-transmitting film, which plays the role of encapsulation and dust prevention.
  • the first surface 115 and the second surface 116 and the first housing 114 form a cavity, and the diaphragm 111 and the metal electrode plate 112 are placed in the cavity.
  • at least one of the first surface 115 and the second surface 116 is used as the input surface.
  • the first housing 114 A sound inlet hole is provided at the position connected to the first surface 115 , and a plurality of sound inlet holes are arranged on the metal electrode plate 112 that is attached to the second surface 116 .
  • first surface 115 may be provided, and the second surface 116 need not be provided, that is, the first surface 115 , the metal electrode plate 112 , and the first casing 114 enclose a cavity, and the diaphragm 111 is placed in the cavity.
  • the first surface 115 and the metal electrode plate 112 is used as a sound inlet surface, and the sound inlet surface is provided with a number of sound inlet holes.
  • the first component 12 in the embodiment of the present specification includes at least a signal processing circuit, and the signal processing circuit includes an impedance converter.
  • the impedance converter is used to perform impedance conversion or amplify processing on the electrical signal converted by the microphone.
  • the signal processing circuit can be integrated in the PCB circuit. board.
  • the impedance converter includes a field effect transistor 121 and a diode VD; the gate (G) of the field effect transistor is electrically connected to the microphone 11 , and the diode VD is connected to the between source (S) and gate (G).
  • the grid (G) of the FET is connected to the metal electrode plate 112 of the microphone, and is grounded through the first shell 114 made of metal after passing through the plate capacitor formed by the metal electrode plate 112 and the diaphragm 111 .
  • the field effect transistor 121 and the diode VD can be integrated on the PCB circuit board, and are connected with the metal electrode plate 112 through pins.
  • the first component further includes a lighting component and/or a structural component.
  • the structural assembly includes any one or more structural members for supporting, limiting and fixing the microphone 11 or the first assembly 12 .
  • the same sound pickup device may have multiple first components and multiple microphones.
  • a typical embodiment of the sound pickup device provided by the embodiments of the present specification is described below.
  • One of the application scenarios of the sound pickup device is a conference call, for example, it can be applied to the multi-party conference phone product Octopus.
  • a plurality of pairs of first components and microphones corresponding to each other are included.
  • the pickup device a plurality of first components and a plurality of microphones are respectively arranged correspondingly, and the pickup device further includes an annular support member 123 and a flexible annular PCB circuit board. Fitted on the annular support member 123 , the size and shape of the flexible annular PCB circuit board are matched with the annular support member 123 .
  • the signal processing circuits of each of the first components 12 can be integrated on the flexible annular PCB circuit board.
  • each of the first components is evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular support 123 and fixed to one side of the annular support 123 .
  • each microphone 11 corresponds to the first component fixed to the other side of the annular support 123 . one side, and the first plane of each microphone 11 is perpendicular to the plane where the annular support 123 is located.
  • the plurality of first components 12 and the plurality of microphones 11 are respectively arranged correspondingly, which may be arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, that is, a microphone is correspondingly provided with a first component; or a part of the first component and the microphone are one One-to-one setup, while the rest can be in many-to-one or one-to-many setups.
  • the signal processing circuits in the first component can be arranged one-to-one with respect to the microphones, that is, one signal processing circuit is arranged corresponding to one microphone, and each signal processing circuit is arranged on the flexible annular PCB circuit board, while the number of LED lights relative to the microphones is much higher.
  • the LED lights 122 are fixed on the annular support and evenly distributed, the number of LED lights being greater than the number of microphones.
  • the LED light can be considered as part of the first component during product design, that is, the first component including the LED and the microphone should meet the The relative positional relationship defined in the above embodiment; and in another part of the embodiment, the LED lamp can be designed as a separate component, in this case, the positional relationship between the LED lamp and the microphone should refer to the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the relative positional relationship between the first component and the microphone that is, when the LED light is considered as a separate component, should also minimize the occlusion of the acoustic signals on both sides of the microphone.
  • the sound pickup device is also provided with a second housing and a supporting bottom plate 13, and the second housing covers the plurality of microphones 11 and the plurality of first Outside the assembly 12 , the supporting bottom plate 13 plays the role of supporting and limiting the position of each microphone 11 .
  • a typical application scenario of the pickup device is the desktop of a conference room.
  • the pickup device When in use, the pickup device is generally placed horizontally on the desktop as shown in FIG.
  • the top surface and the side surface of the second shell are provided with sound inlet holes.
  • annular support 123 is described as a single component.
  • a first component 12 and the first component 12 includes a plurality of corresponding signal processing circuits.
  • the angle ⁇ is equivalent to At 0°, the two sides of the microphone can achieve the best sound transparency state, so that the directivity performance of the pickup device is maintained to the greatest extent.
  • the annular support 123 can be fixed at a position close to the edge of the top surface of the second housing. In this case, the angle between the first component 12 or the annular support 123 and the relative position cannot be exactly 0°.
  • the spatial position of the assembly 12 is slightly inclined relative to the microphone 11, for example, the included angle ⁇ is 5°, but it can also achieve a better sound transparency state.
  • the sound pickup device provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of this specification can be applied not only to conference phones, but also to voice recorders, mobile phones, TVs, intelligent Internet of Things (Internet of Things, IOT) devices, and the like.
  • IOT Internet of Things
  • embodiments of this specification further provide a conference phone device
  • the conference phone device includes the sound pickup device described in any of the above embodiments, for example, the conference phone device may be an octopus or the like for multiple parties Products for conference calls.
  • the embodiments of this specification further provide a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a portable POS machine, etc.
  • the mobile terminal includes the sound pickup device according to any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the embodiments of this specification further provide a recording device, such as a recording pen or a sound recorder, where the recording device includes the sound pickup device according to any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the present specification further provide a portable wearable device, the portable wearable device supports voice recognition, voice calls and/or video calls, and includes the sound pickup device according to any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the portable wearable device may be any one of earphones, phone watches, smart bracelets, smart rings, smart sports shoes, smart collars, necklaces, smart glasses, smart helmets, and the like.
  • the embodiments of this specification also provide an IoT (Internet of Things, Internet of Things) device, the IoT device (ie, the Internet of Things device) at least supports voice collection, and the IoT device includes any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • IoT Internet of Things, Internet of Things
  • the IoT device ie, the Internet of Things device
  • the IoT device includes any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • IoT devices may include smart home devices, wearable devices, travel devices, etc.
  • smart home devices may include major appliances (such as TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, etc.), small home appliances (such as electric pressure cookers, induction cookers, water dispensers, vacuum cleaners, etc.) , routers, cleaning robots, fans, air purifiers, curtains, drying racks, etc.), as well as personal care and health-related equipment such as hair dryers, shavers, blood pressure monitors, and lighting, door locks, cameras, and socket switches, etc.
  • Basic electrical appliances and safety-related equipment; travel equipment includes electric vehicles, balance vehicles, scooters, driving recorders, car air purifiers, etc.
  • the sound pickup device provided in the above embodiment may be integrated on an integrated circuit inside the television, or the sound pickup device provided in the above embodiment may also be provided in various remote controllers that support voice control.
  • the hardware of the pickup device based on the directional mic has relatively special acoustic transparency requirements for the acoustic structure.
  • the acoustic structure design scheme proposed in the embodiment of this specification is adjusted by adjusting the relationship between the relevant components and the acoustic-electric conversion unit (ie the microphone).
  • the relative positional relationship of the microphone reduces the influence of the internal structure design on the acoustic performance to the greatest extent, so that the pickup device not only ensures that the front and rear sound inlet areas of the microphone are not blocked, but also ensures the structural parts and lighting required in the design of the whole machine. and other components have a place to place them.

Abstract

本说明书实施例提供一种拾音装置，包括传声器和第一组件，其中第一组件相对于传声器或振膜的中心点形成一个立体角；第一组件的中心点与传声器或振膜的中心点确定的第一直线，与振膜所在的第一平面之间的夹角小于第一阈值；立体角在第二平面上的投影小于第二阈值，第二平面为振膜的中心轴线与第一组件的中心点确定的平面，中心轴线垂直于第一平面。该方案通过mic内部的结构调整，减少mic内部结构对声信号的遮挡，以提升mic的指向性性能。

Description

一种拾音装置
本公开要求2020年07月23日递交的申请号为202010719625.9、发明名称为“一种拾音装置”中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本说明书实施例涉及声信号处理技术领域，具体地，涉及一种拾音装置。
背景技术
麦克风(microphone，mic)的指向性指其对来自空间各个方向声音灵敏度模式的一个描述，为mic的一个重要属性。指向性属性包括全指向性和心形指向、超心形指向和双指向式等等，其中除了全指向属性以外，其他指向性几乎都是通过变换咪头的腔体设定以及混合调制接收到的声音信号，以获得对不同方向的声音的灵敏度。例如，心形指向性mic中，振膜的振动取决于两端接收到的声信号之间的压力差，在后入声孔的前端置一细密的声学滤网起延时作用，这样从后面传来的声音可同时从前后两个入声孔到达振膜并抵消，因而指向性麦克风的极性图呈心形状。
然而，实际mic产品的指向性性能有时无法达到预期，例如会出现信噪比较差、指向方向偏移等现象，无法实现理想的指向性收音，因此，如何使mic的指向性性能更贴近预期要求，成为本领域有待解决的技术问题之一。
发明内容
本说明书描述了一种拾音装置，通过mic内部的结构设计，减少mic内部结构对声信号的遮挡，以提升mic的指向性性能。
第一方面，本说明书实施例提供一种拾音装置，包括传声器和第一组件，
传声器包括至少一个入声孔和振膜，至少一个入声孔位于振膜的至少一侧；第一组件至少包括信号处理电路，信号处理电路用于对传声器输出的电信号进行信号处理；第一组件相对于传声器或振膜的中心点形成一个立体角；第一组件的中心点与传声器或振膜的中心点确定的第一直线，与振膜所在的第一平面之间的夹角小于第一阈值；立体角在第二平面上的投影小于第二阈值，第二平面为振膜的中心轴线与第一组件的中心点确定的平面，中心轴线垂直于第一平面。
在一个实施例中，在第一直线方向上，第一组件的长度小于第三阈值；和/或，第一组件的中心点与传声器或振膜的中心点之间的距离小于第四阈值。
在一个实施例中，第一直线与第一平面之间的夹角的绝对值小于或等于15°。
在一个实施例中，信号处理电路集成于PCB电路板上，包括阻抗转换器。
在一个实施例中，阻抗转换器包括一场效应管和一二极管；场效应管的栅极与传声器电连接，二极管连接于场效应管的源极和栅极之间。
在一个实施例中，第一组件还包括灯光组件和/或结构组件；
结构组件包括用于对传声器或第一组件起到支撑、限位、固定中任意一种或多种作用的结构件。
在一个实施例中，拾音装置中，传声器和第一组件的数目均为多个，多个第一组件与多个传声器分别对应设置；
拾音装置还包括支撑多个第一组件的一个环形支撑件；多个第一组件沿环形支撑件的圆周均匀分布并且固定于环形支撑件的一侧；多个传声器对应于多个第一组件固定于环形支撑件的另一侧，并且各传声器的第一平面与环形支撑件所在平面垂直。
在一个实施例中，拾音装置活还包括一柔性环形PCB电路板，多个第一组件的信号处理电路集成于柔性环形PCB电路板，柔性环形PCB电路板贴合在环形支撑件上。
在一个实施例中，第一组件还包括LED灯，LED灯固定于环形支撑件上。
在一个实施例中，拾音装置还包括多个LED灯，多个LED灯均匀分布在环形支撑件上，且LED灯的数目大于传声器的数目。
在一个实施例中，拾音装置还包括第二外壳和支撑底板；第二外壳罩在多个传声器和多个第一组件外部；第二外壳的至少一面设有多个入声孔；多个传声器固定于支撑底板上。
在一个实施例中，传声器还包括金属电极板，金属电极板上设有若干个入声孔；振膜的两面分别驻有异性电荷，其中一个面涂有金属层，振膜与金属电极板平行且间隔设置，中间形成空气隙，以空气隙作绝缘介质，金属电极板和振膜上的金属层作为两个电极构成一个平板电容，平板电容的两极分别设有输出电极。
在一个实施例中，传声器还包括第一外壳和第一面和第二面；第一面和第二面与第一外壳围成一个腔体，振膜和金属电极板均置于腔体内；第一面和第二面中至少一个面为入声面，入声面上设有若干入声孔。
在一个实施例中，传声器还包括第一外壳和第一面；第一面、金属电极板、第一外壳围成一个腔体，振膜置于腔体内；第一面和金属电极板中至少有一个作为入声面，入声面上设有若干入声孔。
第二方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种会议电话设备，该会议电话设备包括如上述任一实施例所述的拾音装置。
第三方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种移动终端，该移动终端包括上述任一实施例所述的拾音装置。
第四方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种录音设备，该录音设备包括如上述任一实施例所述的拾音装置。
第五方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种便携式可穿戴设备，该便携式可穿戴设备支持语音识别、语音通话和/或视频通话，包括如上述任一实施例所述的拾音装置。
第六方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种IoT设备，该IoT设备至少支持语音采集，包括如上述任一实施例所述的拾音装置。
采用本说明书实施例提供的拾音装置，通过调整mic中第一组件与传声器的相对位置关系，减少传统mic内部结构中由于信号处理电路、LED灯等组件的位置设置不合理造成的对进入的声信号的遮挡，使得进入的声信号更加符合指向性设计所需的预期强度或信号状态，进而减少产品实际指向性性能与预期性能的差距。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本说明书披露的多个实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本说明书披露的多个实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1示出了指向性mic的一种已有结构设计；
图2示出了一个实施例中第一组件与传声器的纵向剖面图视角下的相对位置关系；
图3示出了本说明书一个实施例中形成的空间立体角β示意图；
图4示出了本说明书一个实施例中立体角β在第二平面上的投影角示意图；
图5示出了本说明书另一个实施例中第一组件与传声器的相对位置关系；
图6示出了本说明书一个实施例中传声器的纵向剖面示意图；
图7示出了本说明书一个实施例中传声器与信号处理电路连接关系示意图；
图8示出了本说明书再一个实施例中拾音装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本说明书披露的多个实施例进行描述。
发明人在产品研发过程中发现，导致mic指向性性能与设计预期有差距的原因之一在于，已有的一些指向性mic的结构设计中，部分结构遮挡了指向性mic的声学路径，通过入声孔进入的部分声信号由于被遮挡而无法到达振膜，导致mic中振膜能够感应到的声压强度与设计预期能够感应到的强度有所差距，影响了mic的声透明需求，使得指向性mic无法实现理想的指向性收音，出现指向方向偏移等现象。
例如，参阅图1所示，在mic的一种已有结构设计下，以图1示角度描述时，PCB电路板和LED等电子器件位于传声器背面一侧上方的位置，这样传声器背面原本能够接收到的一部分声音信号被遮挡，该部分声音无法直达传声器背面，传声器内的振膜在背面一侧感应到的声压无法按照设计预期与来自正面的相应声压部分相抵消，使得指向性mic性能受到影响，偏离预期。
鉴于此，本说明书实施例披露了一种拾音装置，该拾音装置的结构设计能够尽量减小由于自身结构遮挡对于指向性性能的影响。
参阅图2所示，第一方面，本说明书实施例披露了一种拾音装置，该拾音装置至少包括传声器11和第一组件12。其中，传声器11包括至少一片振膜111和至少一个入声孔，至少一个入声孔位于振膜111的至少一侧。第一组件12至少包括信号处理电路，信号处理电路用于对传声器11输出的电信号进行信号处理。
为防止概念混淆，需要说明的是，在现有技术中传声器有时也称为麦克风(mic)、咪头、咪胆、拾音器等等。而在本说明书实施例中，传声器仅包括用于将声信号转换为电信号的组件，而不包含对电信号进行信号处理的信号处理电路。例如，本说明书实施例中的传声器仅包括mic中的声电转换组件，而不包含用于对电信号进行阻抗转换和信号放大的阻抗转换电路。
并且，现有技术的部分产品中有时一个mic既包含声电转换组件又包含信号处理电路，即信号处理电路等电子器件有时属于mic的一个组成部分，但需要注意的是，在本说明书实施例中，信号处理电路属于第一组件，在一部分实施例中，第一组件至少包括信号处理电路，信号处理电路可集成于PCB电路板上。在另外一部分实施例中，还可以包括LED灯等其他电子器件以及起到支撑、限位、固定等作用的结构件，或者还可以包括印制有商标logo、带有工业设计元素的装饰件等等。
下面从传声器和第一组件两个部分的相对位置关系的角度对本说明书提供的拾音装置的内部结构设计进行详细描述。
参阅图2所示，图2示出了一个实施例中第一组件12与传声器11的纵向剖面图视角下的相对位置关系。在该实施例中，以图2所示视角描述，第一组件12设置于传声器11的侧面上方，传声器11中包含至少一片振膜111，定义第一组件12的中心点a与振膜111或者传声器11的中心点b所确定的直线ab为第一直线，定义振膜111所在的平面为第一平面，那么第一直线与第一平面所形成的夹角为α，α应小于第一阈值。
作为一种可实施方式，α落入趋近于0的第一预设角度范围内，例如，第一直线ab与第一平面之间的夹角的绝对值小于或等于15°，即α∈[-15°,+15°]。
进一步地，参阅图3所示，在本说明书实施例中，第一组件12相对于传声器12 或振膜111的中心点b形成一个空间立体角β。该立体角β为第一组件的外观边界形状相对于中心点b形成的立体角。该立体角β在第二平面上的投影小于第二阈值。
第二平面为振膜111的中心轴线与第一组件的中心点a所确定的平面。其中，振膜的中心轴线为垂直于第一平面的中心轴线。例如，参阅图4所示，图4中直线bc即为与振膜111所在的第一平面垂直的中心轴线，中心轴线bc与点a在三维空间中所确定出的平面即为第二平面。
立体角β在第二平面上的投影落入第二预设角度范围内。例如，参阅图4所示，立体角β在第二平面上的投影角为γ，在一部分实施例中，γ的绝对值小于或者等于20°，即γ∈[-20°,+20°]，在另一部分实施例中，γ∈[-10°,+10°]。
对于第一组件12与中心点b所形成立体角在第二平面上的投影角的限定，相当于限定了第一组件12在中心轴线bc方向上的尺寸不超过预设值。若第一组件12在bc方向上的尺寸较大，则会对传声器11的正面和背面中至少一个面的声信号造成遮挡。因而，第一组件12在bc方向上的尺寸应尽量小于传声器在bc方向上的厚度尺寸。
需要说明的是，为便于表示，图3中所示出的第一组件12为仅包含一形状规则的PCB电路板的情形，而实际产品中，PCB电路板形状多数情况下并非为规则的几何形状，第一组件12还可以包括除PCB电路板以外的其他电子器件。
此外，在一部分实施例中，在第一直线ab方向上，第一组件12的长度小于第三阈值。第三阈值的取值范围可以是0～0.5cm。在该部分实施例或者另外的一部分实施例中，第一组件12的中心点a与传声器11或振膜111的中心点b之间的距离小于第四阈值。中心点与中心点b之间的距离小于第四阈值，限定了在垂直于振膜的中心轴线方向上，第一组件12与传声器11之间的相对距离；第四阈值的取值范围可以是0～1cm。
上述实施例中的第一组件12以及传声器11或振膜111的中心点，可以为各自的几何中心点，也可以为各自的重心或者质心。在将重心或者质心作为中心点的一部分实施例中，可以采用悬挂法确定出重心点所在。在将几何中心作为中心点的一部分实施例中，中心点可以按照如下方式确定：
在一些实施例中，振膜111的形状为一圆形薄片，圆形的圆心即可近似为振膜的中心点。传声器11多数情形下为一近似圆柱体的规则形状，圆柱体的几何中心点即可近似为传声器11的中心点。第一组件多数情形下为不规则形状，对于不规则的空间立体形状的几何中心确定方法有多种，少数情形下第一组件可以近似为密度均匀的匀质体，其重心即为几何中心，可以采用悬挂法确定。多数情形下，第一组件为密度明显不均匀的非匀质体，则可按照如下方式确定其中心点：
首先获取其三维外观边界在水平面上(即xy平面上)投影得到的平面几何图形，然后基于平面直角坐标系，获得平面几何图形边界上各个点的坐标，各个点的坐标求均值得到的坐标即为平面几何图形的中心点的坐标，然后在经过所述平面几何图形中心点的竖直方向上(即z轴方向上)，第一组件的尺寸长度的中点即为该第一组件的几何中心点；或者，通过扫描直接获取第一组件的三维外观边界上的各个点在空间直角坐标系中的坐标，各个点的三维坐标求均值，即可得到几何中心点的三维坐标值。
其中，对于平面几何图形的中心点的确认方式并不仅限于坐标求均值，还可以根据长轴与短轴的交点确定，或者还可以基于悬挂法，确定出重心或者质心，平面几何图形的重心或者质心即为其几何中心点；或者还可以在几何平面图形上绘制一条直线，然后计算两侧的面积，面积大小一致，则绘制另外一条直线，仍然使两边面积相等，两条直线的交点就是几何中心。
对于不规则形状的传声器11以及振膜111可参考上述方式，振膜111可近似为一平面几何图形。在本说明书实施例中，具体确定传声器11或振膜111以及第一组件12的几何中心点的方式还有其他多种，例如，基于2d或者3d绘图软件获得，或者通过相应的程序代码来获得，本说明书实施例不逐一列举。
在一部分实施例中，传声器11与振膜111的中心点可以是重合的，即二者的中心点为同一个点，在另外一部分实施例中，振膜111与传声器11的中心点为两个不同的点。
参阅图5所示，当夹角α为0°，即中心点a与中心点b所在的第一直线ab与振膜111所在的第一平面共面，且第一组件12在振膜111的中心轴线方向上的尺寸小于或者等于传声器11的在同一方向上的厚度尺寸时，第一组件12对于声信号的遮挡程度降到最小，对mic的指向性性能影响最小。实际情况中，受实际产品的其他因素影响，直线ab与第一平面之间的夹角难以精确为0°，即第一组件12并非设置于传声器11的侧面正上方，而是稍有所倾斜。
为更充分了解本说明书实施例提供的拾音装置，下面对传声器11以及第一组件12的各自结构组成进行具体说明。
本说明书实施例中，传声器可以是动圈式、电容式、驻极体和硅微传声器等各种类别的传声器。下面以驻极体式为例，对一个实施例中的传声器加以说明。参阅图6所示，传声器11可以包括振膜111、金属电极板112、第一外壳114。
其中，金属电极板112上设有若干个入声孔1121。振膜111的本体为一片极薄的高分子材料膜片，例如可以是特氟龙塑料薄膜，其中一面涂有(也可以是镀或者蒸发)一层纯金薄膜1110，经过高压电场驻极后，振膜111的两面分别驻有异性电荷。
第一外壳114为金属材质，振膜111的金属面1110与第一外壳114连接，振膜 111与第一外壳之间设置为一金属垫圈117，振膜111的另一面与第一外壳114之间用塑料垫圈118隔离开，塑料垫圈118还用于隔离金属电极板112和第一外壳114，放置金属外壳与金属电极板之间短路。
振膜111与金属电极板112平行且间隔设置，中间形成空气隙113，以空气隙113作绝缘介质，金属电极板112和振膜111上的金属层1110作为两个电极构成一个平板电容，平板电容的两极分别设有输出电极。当振膜111遇到声波振动时，引起平板电容两端的电场发生变化，从而产生了随声波变化而变化的交变电压，进而将声信号转换为电信号。
在一部分实施例中，传声器11还具有的第一面115和第二面116，第一面115为一透声性隔膜，主要起到防尘作用。第二面116也为一透声性薄膜，起到封装和防尘作用。第一面115和第二面116与第一外壳114围成一个腔体，振膜111和金属电极板112均置于该腔体内。其中，第一面115和第二面116中至少一个面作为入声面，例如，对于单指向性mic，第一面115和第二面116均作为入声面，相应的，第一外壳114与第一面115连接的位置设置有入声孔，与第二面116贴合设置的金属电极板112上设置有若干个入声孔。
在另外一部分实施例中，可以仅设置第一面115，而无需设置第二面116，即第一面115、金属电极板112、第一外壳114围成一个腔体，振膜111置于该腔体内；第一面115和金属电极板112中至少有一个作为入声面，入声面上设有若干入声孔。
本说明书实施例中的第一组件12至少包括一信号处理电路，信号处理电路包括阻抗转换器，阻抗转换器用于对传声器转换的电信号进行阻抗转换或放大处理，信号处理电路可集成于PCB电路板上。
参阅图7所示，在一个实施例中，阻抗转换器包括一场效应管121和一二极管VD；场效应管的栅极(G)与传声器11电连接，二极管VD连接于场效应管121的源极(S)和栅极(G)之间。具体地，场效应管的栅极(G)连接于传声器的金属电极板112，经金属电极板112与振膜111所构成的平板电容后，再经金属材质的第一外壳114接地。其中，场效应管121和二极管VD可集成于PCB电路板上，与金属电极板112通过引脚连接。
可选的，在一部分实施例中，第一组件还包括灯光组件和/或结构组件。结构组件包括用于对传声器11或第一组件12起到支撑、限位、固定中任意一种或多种作用的结构件。
上述实施例中，为便于理解和描述，仅从一个第一组件相对于一个传声器的角度进行描述，实际产品中，同一拾音装置内部可以具有多个第一组件和多个传声器。
下面阐述本说明书实施例提供的拾音装置的一个典型实施例，该拾音装置的应用 场景之一为电话会议，例如可以应用于多方会议电话产品八爪鱼中。包括多对彼此对应的第一组件和传声器。
参阅图8所示，在该拾音装置中，多个第一组件与多个传声器分别对应设置，该拾音装置还包括一个环形支撑件123和一柔性环形PCB电路板，柔性环形PCB电路板贴合在环形支撑件123上，柔性环形PCB电路板的尺寸和形状均与环形支撑件123相配合。各个第一组件12的信号处理电路可集成于该柔性环形PCB电路板上。作为一种可实施方式，各个第一组件沿环形支撑件123的圆周均匀分布并且固定于环形支撑件123的一侧，对应地，各个传声器11对应于第一组件固定于环形支撑件123的另一侧，并且各个传声器11的第一平面与环形支撑件123所在的平面垂直。
在该实施例中，多个第一组件12与多个传声器11分别对应设置，可以是一一对应设置，即一个传声器对应设置有一个第一组件；或者第一组件中的部分与传声器为一对一设置，而其余部分可以采用多对一或者一对多设置。
例如，第一组件中的信号处理电路可以相对于传声器一对一设置，即一个传声器对应设置一个信号处理电路，各个信号处理电路均布设于柔性环形PCB电路板上，而LED灯相对于传声器多对一设置，如图8中所示，LED灯122固定于环形支撑件上，且均匀分布，LED灯的数目大于传声器的数目。
LED灯的作用在于显示设备运行状态以及装饰和美观作用，在一部分实施例中，产品设计时，可以将LED灯作为第一组件的一部分考虑，即包含LED在内的第一组件与传声器应满足上述实施例所限定的相对位置关系；而在另一部分实施例中，LED灯可作为单独的组件进行设计，此种情形下，LED灯相对于传声器的位置关系，应参照上述实施例所限定的第一组件与传声器的相对位置关系，即LED灯作为单独的组件考虑时也应尽量减少对传声器两面的声信号的遮挡。
图8所示的mic结构可以作为一个单独的产品。但在实际应用中，为对其加以保护以及防止灰尘落入，多数情形下，该拾音装置还设有第二外壳和支撑底板13，第二外壳罩在多个传声器11和多个第一组件12的外部，支撑底板13对各个传声器11起到支撑和限位的作用。
该拾音装置的一个典型应用场景中为会议室桌面，在使用时，该拾音装置一般会按照图8所示水平放置于桌面上，第二外壳的顶面和侧面中至少有一个面设有多个入声孔，可选的，在一个实施例中，所述第二外壳的顶面和侧面均开设有入声孔。
在该实施例中，为描述方便和便于理解，将环形支撑件123单独作为一个部件进行描述，实际上，环形支撑件123也可作为第一组件12的一部分，相当于多个传声器11对应于一个第一组件12，而该第一组件12中包括多个相应的信号处理电路。
在该实施例中，当环形支撑件123和柔性环形电路板等放置于与传声器轴向呈 90°的方向上时，即图8所示角度传声器侧面的上方90°，相当于夹角α为0°时，传声器两面能够达到最佳的声透明状态，使得该拾音装置的指向性性能得到了最大程度的保持。在实际产品中，环形支撑件123可以固定于第二外壳靠近顶面边缘的位置，此种情形下，第一组件12或环形支撑件123与相对位置夹角无法精确为0°，因此第一组件12的空间位置相对于传声器11会有稍微倾斜，例如夹角α为5°，但也能达到较佳的声透明状态。
本说明书上述实施例提供的拾音装置，不仅可以应用于会议电话中，还可以应用于录音笔、手机、电视、智能物联网(Internet of Things，IOT)设备等。
第二方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种会议电话设备，该会议电话设备包括如上述实施例中任一项所述的拾音装置，例如该会议电话设备可以是八爪鱼等用于多方会议电话的产品。
第三方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种移动终端，例如手机、平板电脑以及笔记本电脑、便携式POS机等，该移动终端包括如上述实施例中任一项所述的拾音装置。
第四方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种录音设备，例如录音笔或录音机，该录音设备包括如上述实施例中任一项所述的拾音装置。
第五方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种便携式可穿戴设备，该便携式可穿戴设备支持语音识别、语音通话和/或视频通话，包括如上述实施例中任一项所述的拾音装置。例如，便携式可穿戴设备可以是耳机、电话手表、智能手环、智能戒指、智能运动鞋以及智能项圈、项链以及智能眼镜、智能头盔等等设备中的任意一种。
第六方面，本说明书实施例还提供一种IoT(Internet of Things，物联网)设备，该IoT设备(即物联网设备)至少支持语音采集，该IoT设备包括如上述实施例中任一项所述的拾音装置。例如，IoT设备可以包括智能家居设备、穿戴设备、出行设备等，其中智能家居设备可以包括大家电(如电视、冰箱、洗衣机、空调等)、小家电(如电压力锅、电磁炉、饮水机、吸尘器、路由器、扫地机器人、风扇、空气净化器、窗帘、晾衣架等等)、以及吹风机、剃须刀、血压计等与个人护理以及健康相关的设备、以及照明、门锁、摄像头和插座开关等电器基础和安全相关设备；出行设备包括电动车、平衡车、滑板车、行车记录仪、车载空气净化器等等。
例如，上述实施例提供的拾音装置可以集成于电视机内部的集成电路上，或者上述实施例提供的拾音装置还可以设置于各种支持语音控制的遥控器中。
综上，基于指向性mic构成的拾音装置硬件对声学结构有着较为特殊的声透明要求，本说明书实施例提出的声学结构设计方案，通过调整相关部件与声电转换单元(即传声器)之间的相对位置关系，最大程度的减少了内部结构设计对声学性能的影响，使得拾音装置整机既保证了传声器前后进音区域不被阻挡，又保证了整机设计中需要 的结构件、灯光等组件有位置放置。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本说明书披露的多个实施例的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本说明书披露的多个实施例的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本说明书披露的多个实施例的保护范围，凡在本说明书披露的多个实施例的技术方案的基础之上，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包括在本说明书披露的多个实施例的保护范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种拾音装置，包括传声器和第一组件；
    所述传声器包括至少一个入声孔和振膜，所述至少一个入声孔位于所述振膜的至少一侧；
    所述第一组件至少包括信号处理电路，所述信号处理电路用于对所述传声器输出的电信号进行信号处理；所述第一组件相对于所述传声器或所述振膜的中心点形成一个立体角；
    所述第一组件的中心点与所述传声器或所述振膜的中心点确定的第一直线，与所述振膜所在的第一平面之间的夹角小于第一阈值；
    所述立体角在第二平面上的投影小于第二阈值，所述第二平面为所述振膜的中心轴线与所述第一组件的中心点确定的平面，所述中心轴线垂直于所述第一平面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，在所述第一直线方向上，所述第一组件的长度小于第三阈值；和/或，
    所述第一组件的中心点与所述传声器或所述振膜的中心点之间的距离小于第四阈值。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的拾音装置，其中，所述第一直线与所述第一平面之间的夹角的绝对值小于或等于15°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的拾音装置，其中，所述信号处理电路集成于PCB电路板上，包括阻抗转换器。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的拾音装置，其中，所述阻抗转换器包括一场效应管和一二极管；所述场效应管的栅极与所述传声器电连接，所述二极管连接于所述场效应管的源极和栅极之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的拾音装置，其中，所述第一组件还包括灯光组件和/或结构组件；
    所述结构组件包括用于对所述传声器或第一组件起到支撑、限位、固定中任意一种或多种作用的结构件。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的拾音装置，其中，所述拾音装置中，所述传声器和所述第一组件的数目均为多个，所述多个第一组件与所述多个传声器分别对应设置；
    所述拾音装置还包括支撑所述多个第一组件的一个环形支撑件；所述多个第一组件沿所述环形支撑件的圆周均匀分布并且固定于所述环形支撑件的一侧；所述多个传声器对应于所述多个第一组件固定于所述环形支撑件的另一侧，并且各传声器的第一平面与所述环形支撑件所在平面垂直。
  8. 据权利要求7所述的拾音装置，其中，所述拾音装置活还包括一柔性环形PCB电路板，所述多个第一组件的信号处理电路集成于所述柔性环形PCB电路板，所述 柔性环形PCB电路板贴合在所述环形支撑件上。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的拾音装置，其中，所述第一组件还包括LED灯，所述LED灯固定于所述环形支撑件上。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的拾音装置，其中，所述拾音装置还包括多个LED灯，所述多个LED灯均匀分布在所述环形支撑件上，且所述LED灯的数目大于所述传声器的数目。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的拾音装置，其中，所述拾音装置还包括第二外壳和支撑底板；
    所述第二外壳罩在所述多个传声器和多个第一组件外部；
    所述第二外壳的至少一面设有多个入声孔；
    所述多个传声器固定于所述支撑底板上。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的拾音装置，其中，所述传声器还包括金属电极板，所述金属电极板上设有若干个入声孔；
    所述振膜的两面分别驻有异性电荷，其中一个面涂有金属层，所述振膜与所述金属电极板平行且间隔设置，中间形成空气隙，以所述空气隙作绝缘介质，所述金属电极板和所述振膜上的金属层作为两个电极构成一个平板电容，所述平板电容的两极分别设有输出电极。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的拾音装置，其中，所述传声器还包括第一外壳和第一面和第二面；
    所述第一面和第二面与所述第一外壳围成一个腔体，所述振膜和所述金属电极板均置于所述腔体内；所述第一面和第二面中至少一个面为入声面，所述入声面上设有若干入声孔。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的拾音装置，其中，所述传声器还包括第一外壳和第一面；
    所述第一面、所述金属电极板、所述第一外壳围成一个腔体，所述振膜置于所述腔体内；所述第一面和所述金属电极板中至少有一个作为入声面，所述入声面上设有若干入声孔。
  15. 一种会议电话设备，其中，所述会议电话设备包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的拾音装置。
  16. 一种移动终端，其中，所述移动终端包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的拾音装置。
  17. 一种录音设备，其中，所述录音设备包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的拾音装置。
  18. 一种便携式可穿戴设备，其中，所述便携式可穿戴设备支持语音识别、语音 通话和/或视频通话，包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的拾音装置。
  19. 一种IoT设备，其中，所述IoT设备至少支持语音采集，包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的拾音装置。
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CN212785845U (zh) * 2020-07-23 2021-03-23 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 一种拾音装置及包含拾音装置的设备

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