WO2022015269A1 - Masque assurant une désinfection thermochimique et pouvant stocker de l'énergie - Google Patents

Masque assurant une désinfection thermochimique et pouvant stocker de l'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022015269A1
WO2022015269A1 PCT/TR2021/050507 TR2021050507W WO2022015269A1 WO 2022015269 A1 WO2022015269 A1 WO 2022015269A1 TR 2021050507 W TR2021050507 W TR 2021050507W WO 2022015269 A1 WO2022015269 A1 WO 2022015269A1
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Prior art keywords
mask
mask according
interlayer
zeolites
zeolite
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PCT/TR2021/050507
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English (en)
Inventor
Ertugrul YORUKOGULLARI
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Yorukogullari Ertugrul
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Publication of WO2022015269A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022015269A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
    • B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/04—Heat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/23—Solid substances, e.g. granules, powders, blocks, tablets
    • A61L2/235—Solid substances, e.g. granules, powders, blocks, tablets cellular, porous or foamed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A41D13/1107—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
    • A61L2202/11—Apparatus for generating biocidal substances, e.g. vaporisers, UV lamps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
    • A61L2202/26—Textiles, e.g. towels, beds, cloths
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L2209/10—Apparatus features
    • A61L2209/14—Filtering means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators
    • A62B23/025—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators the filter having substantially the shape of a mask
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
    • B01D2239/0241—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials comprising electrically conductive fibres or particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0442—Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0627—Spun-bonded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
    • B01D2239/1241—Particle diameter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three layered mask that enables both thermal and chemical disinfection.
  • the present invention particularly relates to a mask that not only ensures disinfection by denaturing the proteins of microorganisms through high heat, but also deactivates the enzymes of microorganisms by affecting metabolisms thereof through chemicals, that is capable of storing energy, that features high filtration performance, and that may be used repeatedly with the same efficiency as the first day.
  • Viruses are defined as biological beings that have both living and non-living characteristics at the same time and consist of capsidal and genetic material. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material. However, it does not contain both at the same time. Viruses do not consist of cells, although they have DNA or RNA and cannot reproduce in abiotic environments.
  • the genetic information of viruses is surrounded by a simple protein structure named as a capsid.
  • the structure of the membrane that encloses viruses contains fat molecules. Said membrane protects the genetic material of the virus.
  • the soap dissolves the fat molecules in the membrane that protect the genetic material of the virus when we wash our hands with soap. Thus, the structure of the membrane is damaged and the virus loses its infection ability.
  • the structures of viruses are quite impressive.
  • RNA, protein and fats form the virus on their own in an organised manner. Viruses absolutely require a host organism to survive. Viruses may cause a variety of diseases and negatively affect the quality of life of a person substantially. Viruses are non-living before entering living cells of another living being, and have very simple or very complex structures. Diseases caused by viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics, since they are not affected by antibiotics. The human body produces interferon as a defence mechanism against viruses that cause human beings to catch serious diseases. The development of cell culture techniques in the second half of the 20th century allowed for isolating many viruses. Viruses can be observed under an electron microscope, not a light microscope.
  • Viruses are generally in size of 20-300 nm. Viruses have no cell organelles, they reproduce by means of replication. Their structures contain enzymes that serve a function in replications thereof. Viruses are sensitive to antivirals and interferon. They cannot be stained with bacteriologic and cytologic dyes. Negative staining is required to observe said viruses under the electron microscope. High-temperature applications like steam baths, or humidity or cold applications do not kill viruses. 15 minutes of duration and 56°C of temperature are sufficient to kill 10000 units of SARS Coronavirus (rapid reduction).
  • Viruses such as SARS die at 56 ° C, however proteins in our cells are denaturilised, which may lead to the death of our cells. It is reported that thermal disinfection is highly effective against viruses, nevertheless, basic parameters (temperature, humidity, exposure time) are still required to be defined for Coronavirus (COVID-19). Viruses cause dangerous and common diseases named virosis. Diseases such as smallpox, poliomyelitis, measles, rabies, AIDS, SARS, MERS-COV, COVID-19, and influenza are important viral diseases observed in humans. Viruses may cause diseases such as foot and mouth disease, plague, rabies, etc. in animals, also mosaic, leaf curl, fading, etc. in plants.
  • Bacteria that cause inflammatory reactions such as pharyngitis and tonsillitis are used to describe other localized infections caused by viruses.
  • Bacteria may require the use of antibiotics, and infections caused by bacteria in the throat may be treated by means of performing culture and antigen tests.
  • the rate of bacterial multiplication also varies depending on the time and temperature.
  • Disease-causing bacteria multiply in a wide temperature range between 5- 60°C. Said temperature range is known as temperature danger zone. Room temperature is the most dangerous environment for food storage since many bacteria are sensitive to moderate temperatures. Food should not be kept in temperature danger zone while storing, preparing, cooking, heating and serving.
  • bacteria multiply very fast at 37 °C, being the temperature of the human body.
  • Bacterial multiplication continues albeit at a diminishing, especially in a temperature range of 37-63 °C, and stops at a temperature of over 63 °C. Bacterial multiplication continues albeit at a diminishing in temperatures of decreasing 37°C to 5°C. Bacteria survive in the cooler temperatures (0°C to +4°C) but cannot multiply. Bateria that spoil food multiply rapidly and their number can increase two times or more in 30 minutes, when appropriate conditions are provided.
  • Disinfection is the reduction of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.) in an abiotic environment to a level that does not cause disease.
  • Some of the applications used in disinfection are thermal disinfection, chemical disinfection, mechanical and chemical disinfection.
  • Thermal disinfection is one of the most efficient disinfection methods. It aims to denature the proteins of microorganisms through high heat. Viruses are generally sensitive to high heat. Most viruses lose their activity by being subjected to a heat at 60 °C for about 30 minutes to 1 hour. In high temperatures, the structure of the capsid proteins is degraded, and their ability to bind to the host cell is lost.
  • Enveloped viruses are less resistant to heat due to the lipid in their structure and are inactivated in a short period of time even at low temperatures. Disinfection by means of a heating process is successfully utilized to kill all microbial contaminants including molds, fungi, bacterial and viral contaminants. In the chemical disinfection method, most of the heavy metals are utilized to kill microorganisms either single or as compounds. Metal ions deactivate the enzymes of microorganisms by affecting the metabolisms thereof.
  • Viruses or microorganisms that cause upper respiratory tract infections such as influenza, cold syndrome (flu) and coronaviruses are caused by the direct inhalation of respiratory secretions that spread to the environment by coughing, sneezing, or speaking of sick people or infected indirectly by taking the virus contaminated on surfaces through hands and touching the nose or mouth. On average, people touch their mouth reflexively 23 times during the day according to researches. It is accepted to be in contact with the sick person in an area of 1 -1 .5 meters in diameter, so that the virus is to be transmitted by means of respiratory.
  • the spread of viruses in nature occurs through direct contact as well as living and non-living carriers (vectors). Insects, aphids, flies, etc. are important live vectors.
  • coronaviruses are resistant to gastrointestinal (digestive) system conditions and can also be transmitted via the fecal-oral route. It is not yet fully known to what extent the newly discovered coronavirus (Covid-19) is transmitted from person to person. The way to prevent this Covid-19 pandemic, which is observed in almost every continent and country except Antarctica, is possible by breaking the spreading chain of this virus. The cheapest and most effective way to break this chain is through a mask that is easy to use, does not contain the virus and microorganisms for a long time, can be used repeatedly, and is recyclable.
  • Masks are generally defined as an equipment that protects people against the emerging elements of physical, chemical, and biological structures such as dust, particles, and fragments. They are sorted into two types: The first of these is surgical (medical) masks and the other is particle filter masks.
  • Surgical masks are masks used by healthcare professionals, primarily designed to limit the transmission of infectious agents from staff to patients or from patients to staff during surgical operations in operating rooms or other medical environments with similar characteristics, as the name suggests. These masks are also utilized to prevent people with respiratory diseases or suspected to be sick (such as influenza, tuberculosis, Covid-19) from infecting others. These masks are produced according to TSE-EN 14236 standards and are CE certified. Surgical masks can be produced as 2 or 3 layers made of paper or fabric. Surgical masks are disposable and after use, they should be put in plastic bags and thrown into trash cans in houses. Once removed, they cannot be used again. They are inexpensive compared to other masks. Masks are actually designed to protect the user from infectious droplets in clinical environments, however, they cannot help much to prevent the spread of respiratory diseases such as SARS, MERS, or flu.
  • a three-layer structure consisting of two layers of spunbond and one layer of meltblown nonwoven material has been started to be used in the production of the surgical face mask. Thus, it is aimed to provide a high level of protection to the user by means of masks.
  • the properties of both fabrics are briefly stated in their catalogs as follows.
  • Meltblown Nonwoven Material Although it is synthetic, hydrophilic, flexible and has filtering properties, it loses its filtering feature after a certain period of time (2 hours). Sometimes problems may arise regarding these specified properties and standards of Nonwoven Spunbond and Meltblown Nonwoven materials. This can significantly affect the quality and thus the effectiveness of masks made of these materials.
  • Particle filter masks are utilized to ensure occupational safety in other areas besides the health sector. These masks, also called respirators, are sorted into two types as vented and non-vented respirator masks. There is a valve on vented respirators that closes while breathing and opens while exhaling. These masks are mainly utilized in dusty environments. Said mask facilitates the breathing of those who work with it for long hours in hot and humid conditions by expelling the air inside the mask quickly. Said masks do not prevent that the infection is transmitted from sick people to others since it outlets the breath without filtering. Those who use this mask must wear a surgical mask on it in order not to infect others.
  • Non-vented respirators also known as N95 or FFP2, FFP3, are masks that block at least 95% of small particles, bacteria, or viruses in the environment. Said masks are mainly produced to be utilized by healthcare professionals in special conditions. These are the masks utilized by healthcare professionals when performing high-risk operations such as examination of individuals with highly infectious diseases such as Covid-19, heart massage, and intensive care treatments.
  • respirators designed to protect the person from viral aerosols are sufficient for protection, owing to the fact that airborne pathogens such as the flu virus adhere to aerosols and droplets when we cough or sneeze or talk. Although masks trap these virus-laden droplets, the virus remains contagious on the mask.
  • the mask contains a potential infection risk in continuous use for both the wearer and the people around, due to said droplets trapped on the mask. For this reason, using only a mask is not sufficient to be protected against infections. Additionally, breathing difficulties may occur due to the materials from which these masks are made, and CO2 accumulates in the mask over time. CO2 accumulation in the mask may cause health problems such as headaches for the user.
  • a self sanitizing face mask that comprises a filter layer of material adapted in order to trap particles having a size range of known contaminant particles and a porous layer of material located adjacent to the filter layer and adapted to continually sanitize contaminant particles trapped by the filter layer contaminant particles passing through the porous layer by releasing free ions of elements selected from the group consisting of silver and copper.
  • Said porous layer of material continually sanitizes contaminant particles including viruses and bacteria known to cause disease that pass through the filter layer and is trapped by means of the filter layer.
  • Said sanitizing process is carried out by means of free ions of elements selected from the heavy metal group consisting of copper and silver metals.
  • Said porous layer of the mask consists of fibers having zeolite carriers (type is not indicated) holding silver and copper embedded at the surfaces thereof.
  • zeolites have a non-linear adsorption isotherm towards water. The ability of zeolites to adsorb and desorb water allows for being used in energy storage. Water molecules in the structure of zeolites are disposed when zeolites are heated. Thus, thermal energy is stored. The thermal energy stored in the zeolite is released when the water molecules (including humidity in the environment) are re-adsorbed.
  • the zeolite carriers embedded in the fibers in the aforementioned patent document output heat as they hold the humidity in the breath and the environment, and said zeolite carriers must be desorbed by means of heating to regain their activity of humidity holding. Otherwise, the activation of humidity holding of said zeolites and accordingly the activation of sanitizing effect against microorganisms decreases to zero depending on the frequency of use.
  • the aforementioned American patent application does not include information regarding the desorption/ activation of zeolites. Due to this reason, in the related American patent application, zeolites whose humidity holding activation decreases to zero cannot fulfill their duties that provide sanitizing effect in the mask, since said zeolites cannot be desorbed/ activated.
  • the copper-silver minerals carried by the zeolites should be released depending on the frequency of use. These released ions activate by adhering to the contaminating particles and after affecting the particles, said ions are released again. Said released ions cannot be attached to the zeolites again in case of the chemical activation of the zeolites decreases to zero and is gradually evacuated through the mask, and after a while, silver-copper ions are not observed in the mask environment. For this reason, in the aforementioned patent application, the activity of the zeolite and the silver-copper ions carried therein, the sanitizing feature of the mask, and its productive use time are very short.
  • the specified mask reduces the virus load, reducing the possibility of viruses causing disease.
  • the said patent application in the state of the art does not mention that killing all viruses and/or bacteria.
  • the mask must have a resistance to heat that is physically emitted by zeolites embedded in the fibers. Otherwise, it is very possible that the mask is to be deformed physically due to excessive heat.
  • the related patent application also does not include information on whether the mask is heat resistance/heatproof.
  • the present invention relates to a mask that not only ensures disinfection by denaturing the proteins of microorganisms through high heat, but also deactivates the enzymes of microorganisms by affecting metabolisms thereof through chemicals, that is capable of storing energy, that features high filtration performance and that may be used repeatedly with the same efficiency as the first day.
  • the most important object of the present invention is to obtain a mask suitable for long term use that traps and kills completely microorganisms that cause viral respiratory diseases such as SARS, MERS, COVID-19, or influenza or some other diseases.
  • Another object of the present invention is to prevent the accumulation/reproduction of bacteria and viruses in the outer and inner parts of the mouth and nose parts by eliminating virus-laden droplets or aerosols accumlated therein.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to obtain a mask that allows for removing the water droplets/ humidity that occurs due to the condensation of the water vapor in the breath while breathing in and out in masks and some gases therein by means of adsorbing them.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to obtain a mask ensuring that microorganisms are removed during aerosol passage in a two-way (from inside to outside and from outside to inside).
  • the most important advantage of the invention is to prevent odors and possible health problems caused by the gases by means of adsorbtion of gases in the breath.
  • the lenses of glasses of users do not fog up while wearing said mask due to the water vapor adsorbtion feature of the inventive mask. In this way, the visiual quality does not deteriorate and comfort of the user is provided.
  • Said mask does not create environmental pollution and thus resources are utilized efficiently by means of the reusable feature of the mask.
  • the inventive mask consists of three layers in which two of said layers are made of fabric qualified materials that can be produced domestically and the other layer is made of particle qualified local material.
  • the accumulation of microorganisms on the mask is prevented by means of the zeolite contained in one of the layers of the mask, thus a mask is provided to user that can be worn and removed frequently in case of environmental changes.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates the sectional view of the layers of the inventive mask that ensures thermochemical disinfection.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates the isometric view of the layers of the inventive mask that ensures thermochemical disinfection.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates the side view of the inventive mask that ensures thermochemical disinfection.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates the isometric view of the inventive mask that ensures thermochemical disinfection.
  • the present invention relates to a three layer mask that not only ensures disinfection by denaturing the proteins of microorganisms through high heat, but also deactivates the enzymes of microorganisms by affecting metabolisms thereof through chemicals, that is capable of storing energy, that features high filtration performance and that may be used repeatedly with the same efficiency as the first day.
  • the inventive three layer mask comprises;
  • An inner layer (1 ) made of fabric that is positioned closest to the mouth of the user when it is worn
  • An outer layer (3) made of fabric that is positioned farther to the mouth than the inner layer (1 )
  • interlayer (2) positioned between said two layers, wherein the interlayer (2) includes natural zeolite and/or modified natural zeolite and/or synthetic zeolites 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X and a thermostatic electric heater embedded therein.
  • the closest layer to the mouth is the inner layer (1 )
  • the farthest layer is the outer layer (3)
  • the layer between said two layers is the interlayer (2) from within three layers.
  • Inner layer (1 ) and outer layer (3) are made of fabric.
  • the fabric of the inner layer (1 ) and outer layer (3) may be Nonwoven Spunbond fabric and/or cotton and/or silk fabrics and/or acrylic fabric.
  • Interlayer (2) comprises natural zeolite and/or modified natural zeolite and/or synthetic zeolites 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X, and a thermostatic electric heater embedded into the interlayer (2).
  • the fact that the thermostatic electric heater is embedded in the interlayer (2) ensures that the zeolite particles are homogeneously heated and may be reached effectively from all directions.
  • the expression “inner” in the inner layer (1 ) refers to the part of the mask that is closest to the face (mouth, nose, etc.) and that touches the face when worn by the user.
  • the expression “outer” refers to the farthest part of the mask from the wearer.
  • interlayer (2) comprises natural zeolite and/or modified natural zeolite and/or synthetic zeolites 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X, and a thermostatic electric heater and also various clays.
  • the inventive mask is configured so as to have the two-way passage of liquid droplets and aerosols both from the inside to outside and from outside to inside. Therefore, the above-mentioned Nonwoven Spunbond fabric and/or cotton and/or silk fabrics and/or acrylic fabrics are preferred. It is preferred that the fabric of the inner and outer side of the mask is to be high strength, resistant to high temperature (up to 150 °C), non- humid, resistant to ultraviolet (UV), long-lasting, face-fitting and air-permeable, resistant to corrosion, soundproofed, resistant to insect, and non-toxic. Specifically, Nonwoven Spunbond fabric can be used. Spunbond Nonwoven fabric is a type of 100% polypropylene (PP) fabric.
  • PP polypropylene
  • Nonwoven Spunbond fabric is also known as Nonwoven or Interlining.
  • Spunbond Interlining is a 100% recyclable fabric that is produced without weaving and knitting. Said 100% recyclable fabrics are resistant up to 150°C.
  • the section width of the three-layer mask is in the range of between 2-5 mm. Breathing is carried out easily by means of said section width.
  • the thermostatic electric heater has 5 W of power.
  • the heater may include a USB input.
  • the heater may be activated with the mobile phone charger, and energy storage may be provided.
  • the electric heater is made of thin Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) resistance wire and has a mass as of mg, thereby it does not put an additional load on the mask and does not cause a disadvantage to the ergonomics of the mask.
  • the electricity of the thermostatic electric heater can also be provided by solar cells positioned on the outer surface of the outer layer (3) of the mask.
  • the base areas of the inner layer (1 ) and outer layer (3) are equal to each other and said area is 25x15 cm 2 .
  • the inner and outer layers (3) may have a thickness in the range of 0,12-0,72 mm, and a base area in the range of (15x10) cm 2 - (25X15) cm 2 .
  • the inner and outer layers (3) show a sheath feature for the interlayer (2) so as to form a rectangular prism. For this reason, the section width of the interlayer (2) is in the range of between 2,5 - 5 mm. Said section width ensures breathing easily.
  • the zeolites in the interlayer (2) may be selected from natural zeolites modified with Ag + , Cu +2 and Zn +2 . They can be natural zeolites (clinoptilolite, chabasite, mordenite etc.) modified with Ag + , Cu +2 and Zn +2 .
  • the zeolites in the interlayer (2) show both the desiccant feature in the mask due to its natural feature and antibacterial features due to Ag + ,Cu +2 ve Zn +2 releasable ions, and also ensures thermal disinfection by means of its thermal energy adsorption/desorption feature.
  • the interlayer using natural zeolite (especially clinoptilolite), modified natural zeolite (modified clinoptilolite), various clays or synthetic zeolite will serve as the thermochemical energy storage layer.
  • One of the modification methods implemented for changing the features of zeolites is ion exchange.
  • the types, numbers, and positions of cations in the pores of the zeolites may be changed by means of the ion exchange method. In this way, it is possible to increase the effective pore volumes of natural zeolites. It was ensured that the sodium ions in the structure of the natural zeolite were replaced by the silver ions in the solution with the experiments carried out. It is sufficient for the zeolite to have metal ions up to 0.001-5% by weight in case Ag + is used, and 0.01 -15% by weight in case Cu 2+ or Zn 2+ is used.
  • Said ions in zeolites have been modified with Ag + , Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ to provide the zeolite with antibacterial properties since ions such as sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ) and calcium (Ca 2+ ) present in natural zeolites do not have antibacterial properties.
  • ions such as sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ) and calcium (Ca 2+ ) present in natural zeolites do not have antibacterial properties.
  • the metabolism of microorganisms such as virus bacteria accumulating in the inner layer, interlayer, and outer layer of the mask is affected by the antibacterial effect of zeolite modified with Ag+, Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ , thus enzymes of microorganisms are deactivated and all microorganisms are killed.
  • Zeolites include a three-dimensional network structure formed by bonding AIO4 and S1O4 tetrahedra in which all oxygen atoms are shared.
  • the aluminosilicate skeletal structure of zeolites includes interconnected channels and cavities containing cation and water molecules therein.
  • the inner crystal cavity covers from 20% to 50% of the overall volume of most zeolites.
  • the water molecules in the crystal cavity are partially or completely removed (desorbed) from the structure when zeolites are heated. After the desorption process, the water is obtained back (adsorbed) from the air/environment, and the crystal structure of the zeolites does not change as a result of these processes.
  • Zeolites have a non-linear adsorption isotherm towards the water.
  • Q indicates endotherm and exotherm by zeolites.
  • the relationship of these reactions between pressure and temperature is given by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
  • the adsorption heat (Q) of zeolites can be detected experimentally by means of said equation.
  • the inventive mask has gained the ability to kill viruses by means of using the heat energy storage and antibacterial properties of zeolite.
  • Zeolites in the interlayer (2) of the mask are activated for 1 -6 hours at approximately 110°C according to Equation 1 .
  • droplets coming to the mask from outside and inside (mouth) and the water vapor (6.2%) in the breath are adsorbed by zeolite and then viruses in the droplets lose their effectiveness due to the heat generated.
  • Almost all of the viruses and bacteria accumulated on the front and back of the mask are killed by means of the antibacterial effect of Ag + , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ modified zeolites with the temperature (approximately 60-80°C) generated as a result of the heat released by zeolite.
  • Zeolites are reactivated by means of using the thermostatic electric heater positioned in said part after the mask is used and the mask gets ready to use again.
  • the energy of the thermostatic electric heater positioned in said part can be provided by means of a USB input in order to use with a mobile phone charger or by solar cells that are positioned on the outer surface of the outer layer of the mask. Disinfection is ensured by means of denaturing the proteins of microorganisms through heat in the environment during both the activation (desorption) and deactivation of zeolites.
  • the electricity of the thermostatic electric heater can also be provided by solar cells positioned on the outer surface of the outer layer (3) of the mask. Thus, it is possible to denature the proteins of microorganisms by means of high heat.
  • the amount of zeolite in the interlayer (2) is 5-6 gr, and natural zeolite and/or modified natural zeolite, synthetic zeolites 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X, and/or various clays are in a granular form in the interlayer (2).
  • the particle size of said materials in granular form is in the range of 0-0.5 mm. Said particle size was selected among said ranges in order to facilitate breathing.
  • the amount of various clays that may be found in the interlayer (2) is in the range of 5-6 gr.
  • the molecular sieve properties of zeolites may be controlled by means of ion exchange (modification). It is very important to convert zeolites, especially natural zeolites, to mono cationic form before they are functionalized.
  • the cation content of natural zeolites may vary from reserve to reserve, even depending on the location of the reserve from which they are obtained. Therefore, the zeolite sample in polycationic form is first converted to the sodium (Na) form.
  • the principle of ion exchange through heat was utilized in order to obtain the Na + form of the samples.
  • the ion exchange process is implemented to the sample of 1 N NaCI solution in a way that the ratio of zeolite: NaCI solution is 1 :50 in the preparation of the Na + form.
  • a set of clinoptilolites that are prepared in the specified ratios and placed in volumetric flasks have been processed for five hours at 353 K in a hot water bath with magnetic stirring. After heating process, the clinoptilolite samples that are separated from the solution by filtering are washed with distilled water until said clinoptilolite samples do not include salt solution and then dried.
  • 0.1 N AgNC>3 solution is utilized so that Na-clinoptilolite samples may be converted to Ag+ form.
  • a previously prepared set of clinoptilolite samples are placed in volumetric flasks and are subjected to an ion exchange process at 353 K in a hot water bath with magnetic stirring so that the Na- clinoptilolite: 0.1 N Ag solution ratio is 1 :100.
  • AgNC>3 solution 2000 milliliters of AgNC>3 solution is prepared in order to obtain 40 g of silver (Ag) zeolite. 33.78 g AgN03 is added to 8 number of 250 milliliters of volumetric flasks. Weighing is carried out with an accuracy of ⁇ 0.1 g. 0.1 M of silver nitrate solution is prepared by means of diluting the silver nitrate in volumetric flasks to 250 milliliters with distilled water. Desired amounts of silver nitrate solution may be obtained by means of multiples of amounts used.
  • the method implemented for converting Ag+ form is utilized in order to determine the period of time in which clinoptilolite samples reach equilibrium in experiments of binary ion exchange containing Zn 2+ .
  • clinoptilolite samples prepared in Na form are utilized again in order to obtain Zn-clinoptilolite.
  • 0.1 N Zn(CH3C00)2.H20 solution is utilized so that the Na-clinoptilolite samples may be converted to form of Zn 2+
  • 0.1 N CU(N0 3 )2.3H 0 solution is utilized so that the Na-clinoptilolite samples may be converted to form of Cu 2+ .
  • a previously obtained set of clinoptilolite samples have been subjected to an ion exchange process at 353 K in a hot water bath with magnetic stirring in volumetric flasks with Na-clinoptilolite: 0.1 N Zn,0.1 N Cu solution such that the ratios of said samples are 1 :100 separately.
  • Samples are taken from the water bath at certain times and said samples are subjected to chemical analysis, and the process is carried out by means of controlling the course of ion exchange.
  • the droplets and aerosols containing viruses coming from the mouth and outside get in touch with the surface of the mask, they pass through fabrics such as Nonwoven Spunbond and come to the part in which the activated natural zeolite (clinoptilolite and form of natural zeolite (such as clinoptilolite) converted to form of Ag + ,Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ ) is present.
  • the heat of adsorption in the above-mentioned Equation 2 comes out when the droplets and aerosols are adsorbed by the zeolite. Said heat generates a temperature of 60-80°C in the mask, depending on the activation time and activation temperature of the natural zeolite.
  • the droplets that accumulate on both sides of the mask and the viruses and bacteria in aerosol are killed with a two-way effect due to both temperature and anti-virus effect of natural zeolite modified with Ag + , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ .
  • Natural zeolite begins to lose its adsorption effect when it is filled with droplets and aerosols. In that case, zeolite is activated for 1 -6 hours at 110 °C by means of thermostatic electric heater positioned therein, therefore it gets ready to use.
  • said mask can be used repeatedly.
  • disposable masks without a heater may be produced which can be thrown away after use. Disposable masks that can be thrown away after use are not considered as medical waste since they do not contain viruses. Therefore, a mask suitable for long-term use is obtained that allows for trapping the microorganisms caused viral respiratory diseases such as SARS, MERS, COVID-19, or influenza or some other diseases and then killing them.
  • Natural zeolite e.g. clinoptilolite
  • modified natural zeolite e.g. modified clinoptilolite
  • various clays or synthetic zeolites that include some gases and vapors in the breath (benzene, acetone formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc.) in the interlayer (2) of the inventive mask are adsorbed.
  • the inventive mask that performs both thermal and chemical disinfection may be theoretically used 300-400 times. However, it is possible to reuse the mask 40-50 times with the same efficiency as the first day depending on the deformation that occurs due to use, or the working performance of the thermostatic heater.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un masque à trois couches assurant non seulement la désinfection par dénaturation des protéines de micro-organismes par une chaleur élevée, mais désactivant également les enzymes de micro-organismes en affectant leurs métabolismes par l'intermédiaire de produits chimiques, permettant de stocker de l'énergie, qui présente une performance de filtration élevée et qui peut être utilisé de manière répétée avec le même rendement que le premier jour.
PCT/TR2021/050507 2020-07-17 2021-05-28 Masque assurant une désinfection thermochimique et pouvant stocker de l'énergie WO2022015269A1 (fr)

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TR2020/11411A TR202011411A1 (tr) 2020-07-17 2020-07-17 Termokimyasal Dezenfeksiyon Sağlayan, Enerji Depolamalı Bir Maske.

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JP2020002483A (ja) * 2018-06-26 2020-01-09 王子ホールディングス株式会社 マスク用シート及びマスク
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