WO2022013010A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'imprégnation d'au moins une matière fibreuse - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'imprégnation d'au moins une matière fibreuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022013010A1
WO2022013010A1 PCT/EP2021/068648 EP2021068648W WO2022013010A1 WO 2022013010 A1 WO2022013010 A1 WO 2022013010A1 EP 2021068648 W EP2021068648 W EP 2021068648W WO 2022013010 A1 WO2022013010 A1 WO 2022013010A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
feed channel
impregnation
plastic
impregnation device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/068648
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Maik Titze
Matteo REGE
Yannis GROHMANN
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Priority to EP21743081.8A priority Critical patent/EP4182157A1/fr
Publication of WO2022013010A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022013010A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/156—Coating two or more articles simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/314—Preparation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
    • B29C70/521—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die and impregnating the reinforcement before the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/02—Small extruding apparatus, e.g. handheld, toy or laboratory extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/266—Means for allowing relative movements between the apparatus parts, e.g. for twisting the extruded article or for moving the die along a surface to be coated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impregnation device for impregnating at least one quasi-endless fiber material with a plastic material.
  • the invention a method of doing this.
  • Fiber rovings which represent a kind of fiber bundle and are formed from a large number of endless fibers, also called filaments, are very often used both in the production of fiber composite components from fiber composite materials and in 3D printing with fiber reinforcement.
  • Fliers include tape laying, thermoforming, winding, pultrusion, autoclave and infusion processes or overmoulding.
  • Fiber bundles e.g. carbon fibers or glass fibers
  • Fiber bundles often consist of several 1000 to 10,000 individual fibers with one Diameters between 3 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m and must be impregnated with the liquid plastic (completely penetrated or each individual fiber encased) and then consolidated (geometric final contour with as few foreign and air pockets as possible due to solidification of the plastic).
  • a 3D print head is known, to which a quasi-endless fiber material is fed centrally. Furthermore, a plastic material is fed to the 3D print head with the help of two feed channels, with the fiber material and plastic material ending in a common mixing chamber. The fiber material that is fed through is wetted here with the plastic material, with the material mixture thus formed being output. This allows almost any structure to be developed with an integrated load thread.
  • DE 102017 124 352 A1 discloses a system for producing 3-dimensional structures with a 3D print head, in which 3 or more feed channels are provided, which are arranged around an axial course of the channel for the fiber material , which in particular allows the 3D printing of a fiber-plastic mixture with different plastic materials to be realised.
  • an impregnation device for the production of continuous fiber-reinforced semi-finished products with plastic impregnation in which the quasi-continuous fiber material and the plastic material are fed separately to the impregnation device.
  • the quasi-endless fiber material is now drawn through the pressurized plastic material, sound energy being introduced into the plastic material of the mixing chamber by means of a sonotrode for improved impregnation.
  • DE 102017 124 353 A1 discloses a system for producing 3-dimensional structures with a 3D print head Overpressure source is connected, so as to create an overpressure at the entrance of the material supply for the fiber material.
  • This overpressure is intended to prevent plastic material from rising into the fiber feed channel and thus causing the problems described above.
  • the disadvantage here is the high system complexity and limitation of the mobility of the 3D print head, especially at a high placement speed. Because the fiber material, together with its fiber magazine, has to be accommodated in a closed pressure vessel in order to obtain an overall closed system. In addition, the use of compressed air increases the risk of air inclusions forming in the matrix material, which then lead to defects within the component.
  • EP 0 712 716 A1 discloses a method and a device for impregnating endless fibers or fiber bundles with a melted thermoplastic material, the fibers or rovings passing through an impregnation zone which has the form of a damped vibration. This should improve the spreading of the rovings and thus the impregnation result.
  • a split tool is also provided to improve roving insertion and tool cleaning. However, even with this device, it cannot be prevented that the material fed into the tool Plastic material emerges at the entrance of the fiber material feed due to the feed pressure.
  • a highly viscous plastic material is understood to mean, in particular, a plastic material which has a viscosity of essentially more than 8000 mPas (milli-Pascal seconds) at a predetermined process temperature. This is to be distinguished from low-viscosity plastic materials that have a viscosity of up to 300 mPas.
  • Thermoplastics which are often found in hybrid 3D printing, often have a viscosity of 300 Pas to 10,000 Pas. Depending on how much the plastic material is sheared when it comes into contact with the fiber, the viscosity can also be well below the usual zero viscosity (3000 - 10,000 Pas).
  • the specified process temperature is understood to mean that temperature of the plastic material at which the plastic material is used for impregnation. In the case of thermoplastics, this is in particular the temperature at which the plastic material is melted and can thus impregnate the fiber bundle accordingly.
  • Another challenge in the continuous impregnation of rovings using an automated impregnation device is the insertion of the fiber bundle at the very beginning of the process.
  • the feed channel provided for the fiber material must be able to thread the fiber material into the impregnation device at the entry point.
  • an impregnation device for impregnating at least one quasi-endless fiber material is claimed, the quasi-endless fiber material being impregnated with a plastic material which is melted at a corresponding process temperature.
  • the fiber material can in particular be rovings or fiber bundles, which consist of a large number of individual, quasi-endless fibers or filaments.
  • the fiber material can be formed from carbon fibers or glass fibers, for example. However, other fiber materials are certainly also conceivable.
  • the fiber material can in particular be that fiber material which is part of a fiber composite material for the production of a fiber composite component. In particular, these can be fiber materials that are used in additive or generative manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing using a 3D printing system.
  • the plastic material can be a thermoplastic or duoplasti cal plastic material.
  • the plastic material can in particular be a highly viscous plastic material.
  • it can be a plastic material that is part of a fiber composite material for fixing a fiber composite component.
  • Such plastic materials are also referred to as matrix materials.
  • the impregnation device has generically at least one fiber feed channel with a fiber inlet in order to feed the quasi-endless fiber material to the impregnation device. Furthermore, the impregnation device of the generic type has at least one plastic feed channel with a plastic inlet that is separate from the fiber inlet, in order to supply the required plastic material with which the fiber material is impregnated through the impregnation device. to be impregnated to perform separately from the fiber material of the impregnation.
  • the plastic inlet of the plastic feed channel can have a closure device in order to connect the impregnation device to a storage container for the plastic material. By means of the closure device, a supply hose, in particular flexible, can be connected to the impregnation device, which is formed at the opposite end with the storage container and optionally with a pressure source for generating a transport pressure.
  • the at least one fiber feed channel and the at least one plastic feed channel are separate at least in sections in the impregnation device. Both the fiber feed channel and the plastic feed channel then open into a common impregnation cavity in order to impregnate the quasi endless fiber material with the fed and melted plastic material.
  • the impregnation takes place mainly and preferably completely in the impregnation cavity.
  • both the fiber feed channel and the plastic feed channel have a first section, in which both feed channels are present separately, and at least a second section, in which the fiber material and the plastic material are guided in a common channel section. In the second section, the fiber feed channel and the plastic feed channel are thus formed by a common channel.
  • the fiber guide is a component that is separate from the rest of the impregnation device, which is designed to be arranged detachably on the impregnation device and which has at least two individual elements that can be brought from an open state to a closed state, which in the closed state have at least one section form the fiber feed channel.
  • the open state here means a non-assembled or non-assembled state
  • the closed state means an assembled or assembled state.
  • the fiber introduction is a separate component that can be detachably arranged on the impregnation device. The component can therefore be brought from an unassembled state to an assembled state and back again. The separate component can thus be detachably mounted on the impregnation device and removed again.
  • the fiber introduction in the form of a component that is separate from the rest of the impregnation device has at least two individual elements that can be brought from an open state to a closed state. In the closed state, the component can then be mounted on the impregnation device. In the open state, access to the interior of the section formed by the introduction of the fiber from the fiber feed channel is possible.
  • the individual elements can be present as separate elements that are only physically assembled and brought into the closed state when the fiber introduction is installed on the impregnation device. However, it is also conceivable that the individual elements are connected to one another by a hinge device or pivoting device which is designed in such a way that the individual elements can be moved from an open state to a closed state and back.
  • the fiber introduction can now be dismantled from the impregnation device, the fiber material can be inserted into the impregnation device and then the fiber material used can be surrounded by the fiber introduction at the beginning when the fiber introduction is assembled and connected the impregnation device is installed.
  • the section of the fiber feed channel formed by the fiber introduction in the closed state has a cross-sectional shape that essentially corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the feed Fiber material corresponds.
  • This section of the fiber feed channel has in particular a cross-sectional area that is only slightly larger than the cross-sectional area formed by the fiber material. It has turned out to be advantageous if the cross-sectional area of the fiber feed channel section of the fiber introduction transverse to the conveying direction of the fiber material is at most 30 times (preferably at most 20 times and particularly preferably at most 10 times) the theoretical cross-sectional area of the fiber bundle or fiber material as corresponds.
  • the theoretical cross-sectional area of a fiber bundle is the sum of the cross-sectional area of the individual fibers, which results from the number of individual fibers and the cross-sectional area of an individual fiber layer or an individual filament.
  • the greatly reduced cross-sectional area transverse to the conveying direction reliably prevents the plastic material fed into the impregnation device from rising under pressure, with threading in of a roving being possible without any problems due to the modular structure of the fiber introduction.
  • Such an impregnation device can be part of a system for printing quasi-endless fiber materials impregnated with plastic.
  • the parting plane of the individual elements of the fiber inlet lies in the axis of the section of the fiber feed channel formed by the fiber inlet.
  • a part of the inside of the section of the fiber feed channel formed by the fiber inlet is therefore present in each individual element.
  • the section of the fiber feed channel is then formed by the fiber introduction. This makes it easier in particular to load the impregnation device with the fiber material and to clean relevant components. This also enables the targeted treatment of the surface in contact with the fiber (eg coating to minimize friction and/or improve surface hardness or wear hardness).
  • a closure device which is designed for arranging the individual elements of the fiber introduction on the impregnation device in a positive and/or non-positive manner.
  • a closure device can have a centering device (for example by means of latching elements and/or tongue and groove elements) into which the individual elements are inserted, with the individual elements being able to be fixed to the impregnation device by means of a union nut.
  • clamping devices in which the individual elements are pressed together.
  • the closure device has the further advantage that the section of the fiber feed channel formed by the fiber insertion is centered at the mechanical interface in relation to the subsequent section of the fiber feed channel in the rest of the impregnation device, so that the fiber material can be easily removed from the first section of the fiber feed channel ( in the fiber inlet) into the second section of the fiber feed channel (in the rest of the impregnation device, the flap assembly) can be conveyed continuously.
  • the cross-sectional area of the section formed by the fiber feed as the first section of the fiber feed channel is smaller than a second section of the fiber feed channel in the rest of the impregnation device that directly follows the fiber feed.
  • the fiber inlet thus has a narrower section of a fiber feed channel than the rest of the impregnation device, which makes it particularly easy to thread the fiber material into the impregnation device, while a plastic material can be reliably prevented from rising into the fiber feed channel of the fiber inlet.
  • the section formed by the fiber insertion runs essentially in a straight line, in a wavy or double-S-shape, or that the first section formed by the fiber insertion has at least one curvature.
  • the cross-sectional shape (transverse to the fiber guide) is preferably rectangular (advantageous if the fiber material (roving) is supplied already spread) or round or oval (advantageous if the fiber material has not previously been spread).
  • other cross-sectional shapes are also conceivable, such as, for example, multiply curved. If the section of the fiber feed channel formed by the fiber feed runs in a straight line, the fiber material is guided particularly gently through the fiber feed, since the friction of the fiber material on the inner wall of the fiber feed channel is minimized.
  • the friction of the fiber material on the inner wall of the fiber feed channel is increased, but the changing directions of the fiber guide can promote both a spreading of the fiber material, which improves the impregnation of the fiber material with the synthetic material, and the rising of the fiber material Plastic material in the Ab section of the fiber feed channel formed by the fiber introduction are still better un terbunden.
  • the fiber material itself always forms a barrier to the further rise of the liquid plastic material. Because of the change in direction of the curvatures in a double-S-shaped course, the fiber material rests at least once on the first inner side and at least once on the opposite second inner side, so that the plastic material is prevented from rising further by the fiber material itself.
  • the impregnation device has a non-return area, in which the fiber feed channel has an S-shaped course, at least in sections, which is formed by two curves with opposite directions of curvature, between which the fiber feed channel merges with the at least one plastic feed channel is, so that then a common channel section is formed.
  • This S-shaped course of the fiber feed channel in sections is preferably located in the remaining part of the impregnation device and not in the fiber inlet.
  • the fiber material lies in the respective radius of curvature of the S-shaped course, with the S-shaped course changing the direction of curvature and thus the fiber material during transport through the fiber feed channel once on a first inside and once on a opposite two th inner side.
  • the fiber material itself already forms a non-return valve, since the fiber material always rests on an inside due to the change of sides and thus forms a natural non-return valve for the plastic material.
  • the curvatures of the fiber feed channel are designed in such a way that the fiber material is guided along a first inner side of the fiber feed channel with contact at the first bend and on a second inner side of the fiber feed channel opposite the first inner side at the second bend.
  • the at least one plastic feed channel opens into the fiber feed channel on the first inner side of the fiber feed channel between the first and second curvature.
  • the plastic material opens into the fiber feed channel on that inner side on which the fiber material rests at the first bend above, viewed in the conveying direction.
  • the fiber material thus forms a natural backflow barrier at the first bend provided above in the conveying direction. Je- However, knowledge about this can be used in a targeted manner to ensure partial pre-impregnation of the fiber material without it being completely penetrated. This can improve the impregnation result.
  • the backflow blocking area is arranged in front of the impregnation cavity in the conveying direction of the fiber material.
  • the non-return area is provided in a non-return component which is detachably attached or can be attached to an impregnation component having the impregnation cavity, with the fiber inlet being or being arrangeable as a separate component on the non-return component.
  • the entire impregnation device can be constructed in a modular manner.
  • the impregnation device has at least one heating device, which is designed for tempering the fiber material and/or the plastic material upstream of the common impregnation cavity in the conveying direction.
  • the plastic material By tempering the plastic material, it remains at the process temperature in order to accelerate the impregnation process. Tempering the fiber material ensures that the process temperature remains constant or essentially constant even when the plastic material comes into contact with the fiber material and no negative properties are formed on the fiber material due to cooling of the plastic material.
  • the heating device has an electrode arranged in the fiber feed channel at a position at which the fiber material is guided along the electrode with contact, the heating device being set up to generate a current flow in an electrically conductive fiber material by means of the electrode .
  • Such an electrode can preferably be arranged in a bend, more precisely on the inside of the bend, in the fiber feed channel.
  • the heating device also has a counter-electrode, which can also be provided in the impregnation device or else outside of the impregnation device is arranged (e.g. fiber magazine or at the exit point of the impregnation device).
  • a current flow is effected in the electrically conductive fiber material between the electrode and the counter-electrode, as a result of which the fiber material heats up in the manner of resistance heating.
  • the current flow is brought about by applying an electrical voltage to the electrode and/or counter-electrodes.
  • the conveying speed of the fiber material can be between 0.3 m/min and up to 50 m/min (preferably 3 m/min to 15 m/min).
  • the conveying speed of the plastic material can be identical or differ from the conveying speed of the fiber material (up to 30%).
  • the fiber bundles made of carbon fiber, glass fiber, natural fiber, etc. as a roving can contain 1,000 to 50,000 individual fibers.
  • the fiber bundles can be spread open by the impregnation device in front of the impregnation cavity, in particular spread flat. For this purpose, the impregnation device has corresponding spreading elements. It is advantageous if the fiber bundle is tempered to a temperature between 50° C. to 1000° C. (150° C.
  • the fiber bundles can be prestressed with a force of more than 5 Newtons and below the critical tensile force at which damage to the fibers would occur and continuously conveyed through the impregnation device.
  • the pressure of the liquid plastic (melt pressure) can be between 5 bar and 1,000 bar (preferably between 5 bar and 400 bar).
  • the impregnation device has an outlet or outlet channel downstream of the impregnation cavity in the conveying direction, through which the impregnated fiber material is discharged.
  • a nozzle can be connected to the impregnation device in order to extrude the impregnated fiber material (extrusion impregnation).
  • a further aspect of the present invention relates to a non-return component for use in an impregnation device for impregnating a quasi-endless loose fiber material with a plastic material, the non-return component having at least one fiber feed channel with a fiber inlet to feed in the quasi-endless loose fiber material, and at least one plastic feed channel with egg has a separate plastic feed from the fiber feed to feed the plastic material separately to the fiber material, wherein the at least fiber feed channel and the at least plastic feed channel are separate at least in sections.
  • the fiber inlet is a component that is separate from the rest of the non-return component, which is designed to be arranged detachably on the non-return component and has at least two individual elements that can be brought from an open state to a closed state, which form at least one section of the fiber feed channel in the closed state .
  • the non-return component can have the previously mentioned non-return area.
  • the non-return component is designed in particular in such a way that it does not contain the impregnation cavity. This is preferably part (impregnation) contained in a separate construction, which can be detachably arranged on the non-return valve.
  • FIG. 1 shows an impregnation device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a non-return valve component
  • FIG. 3 shows the non-return valve component in an isometric view
  • FIG. 4 representation of the fiber introduction in a further embodiment
  • FIG. 5 representation of the fiber introduction in a further embodiment
  • FIG. 6 representation of the fiber introduction with temperature control elements
  • FIG. 7 representation of a fiber spreading before fiber insertion
  • FIG. 8 representation of a further embodiment for tempering
  • FIG. 9 schematic representation of a non-return valve using fiber material.
  • Figure 1 shows a complete view of the impregnation device 100 with a backflow blocking component 110, an impregnation component 120 and a spreading component 130 for spreading the fiber material 10 to be introduced.
  • the fiber material 10 (fiber bundle) located in a fiber magazine is guided through the spreading component 130, which has a roller system 131 which is designed in such a way that the fiber bundle is spread open.
  • the fiber material 10 is then introduced into the non-return component 110 .
  • a liquid plastic 12 is also fed into this backflow blocking component 110 , which is then combined with the supplied fiber material 10 and is intended to completely impregnate the fiber material 10 in the impregnating component 120 .
  • the fiber material 10 impregnated with the plastic 12 is then extruded from a nozzle 121 .
  • the non-return component 110 has a plurality of non-return valves 112, as will be shown in detail later. At the upper end of the non-return component 110 in the area where the fiber material 12 is introduced into the non-return component 110 is the fiber inlet 111, which will also be explained in detail later.
  • the impregnating component 120 contains an ultrasonic sonotrode 122 in order to apply sound energy to the plastic material 12 located in the impregnating cavity 123 .
  • the aim of this is to improve the impregnation result.
  • the impregnation cavity 123 contains positioning elements 124 so that the fiber material is guided along the ultrasound sonode 122 at an exactly predetermined position in relation to it.
  • the ultrasonic sonotrode 122 can have a passage through which the fiber material is guided.
  • the entire impregnation device 100 has a modular structure, so that the individual components can be assembled as required. If, for example, an impregnation component 120 is required in which no ultrasonic sonotrode 122 is present, the impregnation component 120 can simply be replaced by another component, provided the mechanical interfaces correspond to one another.
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail the non-return component 200 denoted by 110 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows an isometric view of this.
  • a fiber inlet 210 which can be detachably arranged as a separate component on the non-return component 200 .
  • the separate component of the fiber inlet 210 has two individual elements 220 that can be arranged on the backflow blocking component 200 by a centering closure device 230 .
  • the individual elements 220 can be seen in a closed state on the non-return component 200, while in FIG. 3 the individual elements 220 can be seen in an open state.
  • the closure device 230 also includes a bracing element 231 in the form of a union nut, with which, in conjunction with a centering device 233 of the closure device 230, the individual elements 220 of the fiber inlet 210 can be positively and/or non-positively connected to the non-return component 200 in a centered manner. This can be done, for example, using a fine thread that is arranged on a collar of the non-return component 200 .
  • a conical inner shape of the bracing element 231 which interacts with a chronic outer shape of the individual elements 220 , allows the fiber introduction to be arranged firmly on the backflow blocking component 200 . At the same time, the flab shells are braced against each other.
  • the angled face creates a downward force (fastening the individual elements to the component) and an inward force (radial to press the individual elements together) by tightening the nut.
  • Centering is understood here to mean that the channel outlet of the fiber inlet guide 210 lies above the area of the channel inlet of the non-return component 200 .
  • the individual elements 220 have projections and depressions (in the manner of a tongue and groove connection) which engage in one another and fix the individual elements against one another.
  • a corresponding fit is provided on the non-return component 200, into which the individual elements 220 engage and thus arrange the fiber introduction 210 centered on the component.
  • the bracing element 231 fixes the individual elements 220 both to one another and to the component.
  • a felting device 270 can be provided at the fiber inlet 210 in order to be able to appropriately temper the introduced fiber material 10 .
  • the fiber feed channel begins at the upper end of the fiber inlet 210 and ends at a common outlet channel 260, which then leads into the impregnation cavity of the impregnation component.
  • the fiber feed channel has a first channel section 241, which is formed by the section of the fiber feed channel formed by the fiber inlet 210. This is followed by a second channel section 242 which is located in the non-return component and is separate from the plastic supply channel 250 . Finally, there is a third channel section 243 within which the fiber material 10 and the plastic material 12 are guided together and which opens into the common outlet channel 260 .
  • the plastic feed channel 250 has a main section 252 and a section 253 Mauab. Both the main section 252 and the secondary section 253 lead to the common outlet channel 260, so that in the third channel section 243 of the fiber feed channel 240 the plastic material is guided together with the fiber material in a common channel.
  • the inner surfaces of at least part of the fiber feed duct 240 should have a very low surface roughness and high wear resistance since the fibrous material 10 comes into contact with the inner surfaces of the fiber feed duct 240 . This applies in particular to the first and second channel section 241 and 242, with the first channel section 241 in particular having a significantly smaller cross section than the second channel section 242.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the fiber introduction 210 consists of a total of 3 individual elements 220. Each individual element forms an axi alen part of the inner surface of the first channel section 241 of the fiber feed channel 240, wherein the complete first Kanalab section 241 of the fiber feed channel 240 is then formed in the assembled state.
  • the first channel section 241 then has a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
  • the first channel section 241 is straight and, in particular, has no bends or ripples.
  • a fiber inlet 210 is shown which, in the assembled state, shows a wavy first channel section 241 of the fiber feed channel.
  • FIG. 6 shows the fiber introduction 210, which is slotted in a region 211, in an enlarged representation.
  • Each partial area of the fiber introduction can be provided with a separate temperature control element 270 in order to form different temperature control zones in the fiber introduction area.
  • the temperature of one zone can be deliberately set below the temperature of the liquid plastic in order to increase the viscosity of the liquid plastic and thereby prevent the liquid plastic from rising and escaping.
  • FIG. 7 shows a detailed illustration of the spread-apart component 130 that is placed on it and is intended to spread the fiber material 10 open before it is introduced into the impregnation device 100 or into the fiber inlet 200 .
  • the fiber material 10 is about a roller system 131 is steered so that the fiber material constantly changes its direction.
  • An electrode in the form of a roller electrode 132 can be arranged on one of the rollers, which interacts with a counter-electrode 133 in such a way that a current flow is effected in the electrically conductive fiber material between the roller electrode 132 in the counter-electrode 133 .
  • This flow of current leads to heating of the fiber material and thus to temperature control.
  • a sensor 134 can be provided to continuously measure the temperature of the fiber material.
  • Figure 8 shows the channel routing of the fiber feed channel and the plastic feed channel of the backflow blocking component 200. It can be seen that the course of the fiber feed channel in the fiber feed channel 240 is S-shaped, with a first curve 240a and a second curve 240b the S-shaped course of the fiber feed channel form 240. Between the first curve 240a and the second curve 240b, the secondary section 253 of the plastic feed channel opens into the fiber feed channel 240.
  • the first curve 240a is selected such that the fiber material 10 rests against a first inner side of the fiber feed channel 240, on which the secondary section also rests 253 of the plastic feed channel into the fiber feed channel 240 mün det.
  • the fibrous material is then guided from the first inner side at the first curve 240a to the opposite second inner side of the second curve 240b.
  • the fiber material thus forms a non-return valve between the first curve and the second curve, since the plastic material would have to be pressed against the conveying direction between the fiber material and the first inner side along the first curve.
  • an electrode 271 of the furling device 270 (not shown in this figure) is provided in FIG.
  • the fiber material is heated in the area of the fiber material through which current flows.
  • FIG. 9 shows the operating principle of the non-return valve, which is caused by the fiber material, in a schematically simplified representation.
  • Reference character list

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'imprégnation destiné à imprégner au moins une matière fibreuse quasi-continue par une matière plastique qui a été fondue à une température de procédé appropriée, présentant au moins un canal d'alimentation en fibres, pourvu d'une entrée de fibres pour acheminer la matière fibreuse quasi-continue vers le dispositif d'imprégnation, et au moins un canal d'alimentation en plastique présentant une entrée de plastique, séparée de l'entrée de fibres, pour amener la matière plastique au dispositif d'imprégnation séparément de la matière fibreuse, ledit au moins un canal d'alimentation en fibres et ledit au moins un canal d'alimentation en plastique étant au moins partiellement séparés l'un de l'autre et menant dans une cavité d'imprégnation commune, afin d'imprégner la matière fibreuse quasi-continue par la matière plastique alimentée et fondue, caractérisé en ce que l'entrée de fibres est un composant séparé du reste du dispositif d'imprégnation, ledit composant étant conçu pour être agencé de manière amovible sur le dispositif d'imprégnation et comportant au moins deux éléments individuels qui sont en mesure d'être déplacés à partir d'un état ouvert dans un état fermé et qui forment, à l'état fermé, au moins une partie du canal d'alimentation en fibres.
PCT/EP2021/068648 2020-07-15 2021-07-06 Procédé et dispositif d'imprégnation d'au moins une matière fibreuse WO2022013010A1 (fr)

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DE102020118697.5A DE102020118697A1 (de) 2020-07-15 2020-07-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Imprägnieren mindestens eines Fasermaterials

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EP0542709A1 (fr) * 1991-11-13 1993-05-19 Monsanto Company Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de matériaux composites
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DE102015114488A1 (de) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-02 Marvis Medical Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Extrudieren eines strukturierten Extrudats
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DE102017124352A1 (de) 2017-10-18 2019-04-18 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Anlage, Druckkopf und Verfahren zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Strukturen
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DE102019106355A1 (de) 2019-03-13 2020-09-17 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Imprägnieren eines Faserbündels sowie Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung einer dreidimensionalen Struktur

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