WO2022012848A1 - Système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012848A1
WO2022012848A1 PCT/EP2021/066431 EP2021066431W WO2022012848A1 WO 2022012848 A1 WO2022012848 A1 WO 2022012848A1 EP 2021066431 W EP2021066431 W EP 2021066431W WO 2022012848 A1 WO2022012848 A1 WO 2022012848A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
sprinkling
fuel cell
cell system
path
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/066431
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard BRÜMMER
Christian BÜRCK
Rainer Lutz
Jan Schultes
Thomas Strauss
Original Assignee
Mahle International Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International Gmbh filed Critical Mahle International Gmbh
Publication of WO2022012848A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012848A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/05308—Assemblies of conduits connected side by side or with individual headers, e.g. section type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F28F25/06—Spray nozzles or spray pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P9/00—Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P7/00
    • F01P9/02—Cooling by evaporation, e.g. by spraying water on to cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system which has a stack with at least one fuel cell, an exhaust gas system for discharging exhaust gas produced during operation of the stack, and a cooling device for cooling the stack.
  • a cathode gas and a fuel are supplied to the fuel cell.
  • Fuel cells are usually present as so-called stacks, in which several individual fuel cells are combined.
  • a cathode gas supply system and an exhaust system are provided in an associated fuel cell system for supplying the cathode gas and for discharging the exhaust gas produced during operation.
  • heat is generated which makes it necessary to cool the fuel cell, in particular the stack, as required.
  • a cooling device which has a circuit in which a coolant circulates in order to cool the stack.
  • DE 102016 106919 A1 discloses a method for operating a sprinkling device of a charge air cooler for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, with the sprinkling of the charge air cooler with water depending on the temperatures in the associated motor vehicle.
  • Other sprinkler systems for motor vehicles are from DE 102008051 368 A1, US 4771822 A, US 4215753 A, KR 100634870 B1, DE 19637926 A1, US 5101775 A, US 6298809 B1, DE 2358631 A1,
  • a fuel cell system in a motor vehicle is known from DE 102017002 471 A1.
  • a condenser for condensing the exhaust gas is integrated in the exhaust system.
  • the condenser has a collection area in which the water that occurs when the exhaust gas condenses collects.
  • a cooling device for cooling the stack has a coolant cooler, with which the coolant circulating through a circuit is cooled, the coolant being used for cooling the stack.
  • the fuel cell system also has a sprinkling device with which the coolant cooler is sprinkled with water in order to increase the cooling capacity.
  • This water originates from the collection area of the condenser, with the sprinkler device being arranged below the collection area with respect to gravity, so that the water flows from the collection area in the direction of outlets of the sprinkler device due to gravity.
  • the conveyor of the sprinkling device is omitted.
  • the disadvantage here is that the sprinkling device is only supplied with water in this way if there is a corresponding relative arrangement of the coolant cooler to the collection area.
  • interruptions in the water supply to the sprinkler system can occur with corresponding positions of the associated motor vehicle.
  • the present invention is concerned with the task of improving or for a fuel cell system of the type mentioned above specify at least another embodiment which is characterized in particular by increased overall efficiency and/or a reduced space requirement.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea of using water present in a fuel cell system in the exhaust gas of a fuel cell with a sprinkling device for sprinkling a cooler for cooling the fuel cell and conveying the water in the direction of the cooler with the aid of a conveyor device, which is in the fuel cell system and/or in the associated area of application of the fuel cell system, it is also used to convey a gas in an application that is separate from the sprinkler system.
  • the application separate from the sprinkling device is a main application for the delivery device, ie one in which the delivery device primarily and primarily delivers a gas.
  • a conveying device provided specifically for the sprinkling device for conveying the water is therefore not necessary.
  • the sprinkling device and the fuel cell system can be operated in a more energy-efficient manner and at the same time can be provided with a smaller installation space requirement and a structure that is easier to adapt.
  • the cooler can be sprinkled as required, in particular independently of the relative position of individual components of the fuel cell system.
  • the gas conveyed by the conveying device is used to apply pressure to the water and thus to sprinkle the cooler.
  • the overall efficiency of the fuel cell system is increased with a reduced space requirement and an adaptable structure.
  • the fuel cell system has a stack with at least one fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell system has an exhaust gas system for discharging exhaust gas produced in the stack during operation.
  • the exhaust system has an integrated device for extracting water from the exhaust gas, which is also referred to below as a water separator. During operation, water is thus obtained from the exhaust gas, in particular separated, by means of the water separator.
  • the fuel cell system also has a cooling device for cooling the stack.
  • the cooling device has a circuit in which a coolant circulates during operation. The coolant serves to cool the stack. Consequently, the stack is integrated in the circuit, so that the coolant cools the stack during operation.
  • the cooler for cooling the coolant which is also referred to below as the coolant cooler.
  • the coolant cooler has at least one channel body, through which a flow path of the coolant, also referred to below as the coolant path, leads.
  • the at least one channel body is arranged in the flow path of a cooling gas, which is also referred to below as the cooling gas path.
  • the coolant path and the cooling gas path are fluidically separated from one another, so that during operation the coolant transfers fluidly separated from the cooling gas heat to the cooling gas and is thus cooled.
  • the fuel cell system also has the sprinkling device for introducing water into the cooling gas path.
  • the sprinkling device has at least one outlet opening into the coolant cooler, which is also referred to below as the sprinkling outlet.
  • the sprinkling outlet is arranged and/or designed in such a way that during operation water gets into the cooling gas path via the at least one sprinkling outlet.
  • the sprinkler device is also fluidically connected to the water separator in such a way that water passes from the water separator into the sprinkler device.
  • the sprinkling device has a feed path, which is also referred to below as Separator feed path is referred to, wherein the separator feed path is fluidly connected to the water separator.
  • the fuel cell system has the conveying device for conveying the water originating from the water separator in the direction of the at least one sprinkler outlet and thus for sprinkling the coolant cooler, which is also referred to below as the sprinkler conveying device.
  • the sprinkling device is also used to convey gas in an application separate from the sprinkling device.
  • the sprinkling delivery device is arranged in a service path of the application and during operation delivers gas through the service path, the service path being a flow path of the separate application, ie separate from the sprinkling device.
  • the main path serves to supply an application of the fuel cell system that is separate from the sprinkler system. Gas is branched off from the flow path on the pressure side of the sprinkling conveyor device and fed to the sprinkling device.
  • the sprinkling device has an associated supply path, also referred to below as the gas supply path, which branches off from the flow path on the pressure side of the sprinkling conveyor device and thus fluidly connects the flow path to the at least one sprinkling outlet, so that during operation gas from the flow path via the gas supply path water in the direction of the promotes at least one sprinkling outlet.
  • the gas supply path also referred to below as the gas supply path
  • the gas conveyed by the existing conveying device is partially branched off and fed to the sprinkler device in order to convey the water in the direction of the at least one sprinkler outlet.
  • the water separator can be configured in any way to recover water from the exhaust gas.
  • the water separator the exhaust gas condense to obtain water from the exhaust gas.
  • the water separator can therefore be a condenser or have a condenser.
  • the water with which the coolant cooler is sprinkled can also contain other components in addition to the water originating from the water separator.
  • the conveying of the water within the sprinkling device with the gas conveyed by the conveying device can result in the gas being admixed with the water and the cooler being sprinkled with water droplets, in particular mist and/or steam. This leads to an improved cooling performance of the cooler and a further increase in the efficiency of the fuel cell system.
  • the sprinkling device preferably has a plurality of sprinkling outlets. This results in improved and/or more even irrigating of the cooler.
  • the sprinkling outlets can be provided in a network and/or grid of the sprinkling device.
  • the sprinkler conveyor is preferably one that is required to operate the fuel cell system. This leads to a particularly simple and compact design of the fuel cell system with increased overall efficiency at the same time.
  • Embodiments are considered to be advantageous in which the sprinkling delivery device is one for delivering a gas supplied to the stack. This leads to a particularly compact design of the fuel cell system.
  • the sprinkling delivery device is preferably one for delivering a cathode gas to be supplied to the stack.
  • the fuel cell system has a cathode gas supply system for supplying the cathode gas, for example air and/or oxygen, to the stack.
  • the cathode gas supply system also has a conveyor device for conveying the cathode gas, which is integrated in the cathode gas supply system and is also referred to below as a cathode gas conveyor device.
  • the cathode gas delivery device is in particular a compressor for compressing the cathode gas.
  • the cathode gas conveying device corresponds to the sprinkler conveying device. Accordingly, the cathode gas conveying device is arranged in the main path. This means that the main path is defined and/or limited by the cathode gas supply system.
  • the gas supply path branches off from the cathode gas supply system.
  • the use of the cathode gas delivery device as a sprinkler delivery device also offers the advantage that the volume flow through the at least one sprinkler outlet is related to the volume flow through the cathode gas supply system.
  • Increased cooling of the stack is generally necessary when there are increased performance requirements for the stack and thus an increased demand for cathode gas from the stack.
  • the increased demand for cathode gas results from an increased delivery rate of the cathode gas delivery device, which in turn leads to increased sprinkling of the coolant cooler and consequently to increased cooling of the coolant. In this way, simple, reliable and needs-based cooling of the stack is achieved with improved overall efficiency.
  • the fuel cell system is used in a motor vehicle, it is conceivable to use a conveyor device of a braking system of the motor vehicle as the conveyor device arranged in the main path.
  • the sprinkling conveyor of a braking system conveyor of a Brake system of an associated motor vehicle corresponds.
  • the brake system delivery device primarily delivers gas, in particular air, for the brake system.
  • the fuel cell system in a motor vehicle, it is also conceivable to use a conveyor device of a tire filling system of the motor vehicle as the conveyor device arranged in the main path.
  • the sprinkler conveying device corresponds to a tire air conveying device of the tire inflation system. In that case it serves
  • Tire air conveying device as a sprinkler conveying device also for filling tires of the motor vehicle, especially in an emergency, for example in the event of damage, in particular a leak, to an associated tire.
  • the sprinkling device has a container for storing water originating from the water separator, which is also referred to below as a water container.
  • the water tank is expediently fluidically connected to the at least one sprinkling outlet, in particular to the separator feed path, so that water accumulating in the water separator can get into the water tank and be conveyed to the at least one sprinkling outlet with the gear pump.
  • the sprinkling device has a flow path that fluidly connects the water tank to the at least one sprinkling outlet, which flow path is also referred to below as the water supply path.
  • the sprinkling device can have the separator supply path fluidically connecting the water tank to the water separator and the water supply path fluidly connecting the water tank to the at least one sprinkling outlet.
  • the water tank makes it possible to collect water in the sprinkler system in order to use the collected water to sprinkle the coolant radiator when required.
  • the water tank thus allows the Irrigate the coolant cooler more independently of the water present directly in the exhaust gas and consequently leads to an improvement in the needs-based cooling of the stack.
  • the sprinkling conveying device applies pressure to the water supply path for sprinkling the coolant cooler.
  • the flow of water originating from the water separator into the water tank is independent of the sprinkler conveyor. Gravity can be used for this purpose, ie a gravitational flow of water from the water separator into the water tank.
  • the fuel cell system has a valve device for releasing and blocking flows in the sprinkler device.
  • the sprinkler system can thus be used variably and as required.
  • the valve device is therefore designed in such a way that it selectively opens and blocks at least one fluidic connection in the sprinkler system. Accordingly, the valve device has at least one valve.
  • the valve device has a valve which selectively blocks and releases the fluidic connection between the water tank and the at least one sprinkling outlet.
  • the valve hereinafter also referred to as the first valve
  • the first valve it is therefore possible either to spray the coolant cooler or to interrupt the spraying. In this way, the coolant and thus the stack can be cooled as required and variably.
  • the valve device has a valve which blocks a flow from the water container in the direction of the main path.
  • This valve also referred to below as the second valve, prevents water from getting into the main path during operation and being mixed with the gas flowing through the main path. This prevents unwanted ingress of water into the main path.
  • the second valve can in particular be a valve that can only be flowed through in one direction, for example a non-return valve.
  • the sprinkler device is additionally emptied of water with the aid of the valve device. This in particular prevents the water in the sprinkler device from freezing at low temperatures and leading to damage to the sprinkler device and/or the coolant cooler. Accordingly, the fuel cell system is designed accordingly.
  • the fuel cell system is configured such that it sets the valve device in a first emptying operation in such a way that the sprinkling conveyor device delivers water from the separator feed path in the direction of the exhaust system.
  • the valve device in a second emptying operation, is set in such a way that the sprinkler conveyor device conveys water from the water supply path in the direction of the at least one sprinkler outlet, with the separator supply path and the water supply path being emptied of water after the first and second emptying operations have been carried out. It goes without saying here that the first emptying operation and the second emptying operation can also be carried out in reverse order.
  • the water container can also be emptied of water when required.
  • the fuel cell system can be designed in such a way that the sprinkling conveyor device in the first Drainage operation also promotes water from the water tank in the direction of the exhaust system, so that the water tank and the consensus water supply path are emptied of water after the first drainage operation.
  • the fuel cell system empties the water container in an associated emptying operation, also referred to below as container emptying operation.
  • the valve device is set in such a way that the sprinkling delivery device delivers water from the water tank into the environment.
  • the fuel cell system in particular the sprinkling device, can have a flow path that fluidly connects the water tank to the environment, also referred to below as a drain path.
  • the valve device can have a valve arranged in the discharge path, also referred to below as the third valve.
  • the third valve is designed in such a way that it can selectively open and block the drain path.
  • the fuel cell system has a control device that is designed accordingly.
  • the control device is expediently connected in a communicating manner to the valve device, so that the control device adjusts the at least one valve of the valve device during operation.
  • the control device can be communicatively connected to the sprinkler conveyor device, so that the control device controls the sprinkler conveyor device during operation, and in particular can change the conveying capacity of the sprinkler conveyor device.
  • valves of the valve device can selectively release and block a flow.
  • releasing also means partial releasing. This means that at least two release states can be possible for each release, with which different volume flows and/or through-flow cross-sections can be released.
  • the fuel cell system can be part of a motor vehicle.
  • the stack is used in particular to drive the motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel cell system with a sprinkling device
  • Fig. 2 is a partial view of the fuel cell system in the area
  • Fig. 3 is a partial view of the fuel cell system in the area
  • Fig. 4 is a partial view of the fuel cell system in the area
  • Fig. 5 is a partial view of the fuel cell system in the area
  • a fuel cell system 1, as shown for example in FIGS. 1 to 6, has a stack 2 with at least one fuel cell 3.
  • the fuel cell system 1 is used, for example, in a motor vehicle 4 , with the stack 2 being able to serve to drive the motor vehicle 4 .
  • the stack 2 usually has two or more fuel cells 3 .
  • the stack 2 requires a fuel and a cathode gas, such as air.
  • the fuel is supplied to the stack 2 via a fuel supply system that is not shown.
  • the cathode gas is fed to the stack 2 with the aid of a cathode gas feed system 5 .
  • the cathode gas supply system 5 has a conveying device 6 , which is also referred to below as a cathode gas conveying device 6 .
  • the cathode gas conveying device 6 can compress the cathode gas for conveying the cathode gas.
  • the cathode gas supply system 5 also preferably has a filter device 7 for filtering the cathode gas, as shown in particular in FIG.
  • exhaust gas that contains water, in particular steam, is produced. This exhaust gas is discharged using an exhaust system 17 of the fuel cell system 1 .
  • the cooling device 8 has a cooling circuit 9, shown only in simplified form in FIG. 1, through which a coolant circulates during operation.
  • the stack 2 is integrated into the circuit 9 in such a way that it is cooled by the coolant during operation.
  • the cooling device 8 has a cooler 10 which is also referred to below as a coolant cooler 10 .
  • the coolant cooler 10 is also integrated in the cooling circuit 9 and the coolant flows through it during operation.
  • the cooling device 8 expediently has further components, for example a conveying device 11 for conveying the coolant through the cooling circuit 9 , also called coolant conveying device 11 here, which are integrated in the cooling circuit 9 .
  • a cooling gas is used to cool the coolant, which flows through the coolant cooler 10 along an associated flow path 12 (cf. FIG. 1), also referred to below as the cooling gas path 12, fluidically separated from the coolant.
  • the coolant cooler 10 has at least one channel body 13, preferably a plurality of channel bodies 13, through which a flow path 14 of the coolant, also referred to below as the coolant path 14 (cf. FIG. 1), leads.
  • the at least one channel body 13 is arranged in the cooling gas path 12, so that in the coolant cooler 10 the coolant via the at least one channel body 13, fluidically separated from the cooling gas, transfers heat to the cooling gas and is thus cooled.
  • the fuel cell system 1 also has a sprinkling device 15, with which water is introduced into the cooling gas path 12 in the coolant cooler 10 and the coolant cooler 10, in particular the at least one channel body 13, is thus sprinkled.
  • the sprinkler device 15 has at least one outlet 16 which opens into the coolant cooler 10 and is also referred to below as the sprinkler outlet 16 .
  • the at least one sprinkler outlet 16 is expediently arranged in such a way that the water is introduced into the cooling gas path 12 upstream of the at least one channel body 13 with respect to the cooling gas path 12 .
  • the sprinkling device 15 has several such sprinkling outlets 16 . This results in a uniform and/or large-area distribution of the sprinkled water.
  • the water used for sprinkling to operate the sprinkling device 15 originates at least partially from the exhaust gas occurring in the stack 2 .
  • the fuel cell system 1 has an exhaust gas system 17 which is used to discharge the exhaust gas.
  • a device 18 for extracting, in particular separating, water from the exhaust gas is integrated into the exhaust system 17 and is also referred to below as a water separator 18 .
  • the water separator 18 can have, for example, a condenser 44 for condensing the exhaust gas or can be such a condenser 44 .
  • the sprinkler system 15 is connected to the water separator 18 via a flow path 19 fluidically connecting the water separator 18 to the sprinkler system 15, hereinafter also referred to as the separator feed path 19, so that the water obtained by the water separator 18 reaches the sprinkler system 15 via the separator feed path 19 and at least a sprinkling outlet 16 can be promoted.
  • a conveyor device 20 is used to convey the water in the direction of the at least one sprinkler outlet 16 , which is also referred to below as a sprinkler conveyor device 20 .
  • the sprinkling device 15 also has a container 21 for storing water, which is also referred to below as the water container 21 .
  • the separator feed path 19 fluidly connects the water separator 18 to the water tank 21 so that water can flow from the water separator 18 into the water tank 21 .
  • a flow path 22 connects the water tank 21 with the at least one sprinkling outlet 16, so that in the Operation, funded by the sprinkler conveyor 20, water via the flow path 22, hereinafter also referred to as water supply path 22, to which at least one sprinkler outlet 16 can flow.
  • the sprinkling delivery device 20 corresponds to an already existing delivery device 6, 23, 24 of the fuel cell system 1, in particular of the associated motor vehicle 4, with which a gas is delivered during operation.
  • the conveyor device 6, 20, 23, 24 is arranged in a flow path 25 of the associated application and, during operation, conveys a gas for the associated application.
  • the sprinkling device 15 has a pressure side with the Flauptpfad 25 of the conveyor 6, 20, 24, 25, d. H. flow path 26 which is connected downstream of the conveying device 6, 20, 23, 24 and thus branches off from the flow path 25, which is also referred to below as the gas supply path 26.
  • gas is thus conveyed into the sprinkler system 15 via the gas supply path 26 and thus conveys water in the sprinkler system 15 in the direction of the at least one sprinkler outlet 16.
  • the sprinkler conveyor device 20 corresponds to the cathode gas conveyor device 6. Accordingly, the flow path 25 is delimited and defined by the cathode gas feed system 5. Cathode gas is thus delivered to the stack 2 during operation of the cathode gas delivery device 6 . At the same time, the delivered cathode gas serves to introduce the water into the cooling gas path 12 via the at least one sprinkler outlet 16.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment in which the sprinkling conveyor 20 corresponds to the use of the fuel cell system 1 in an associated motor vehicle 4 of a brake system conveyor 23 of a brake system 29 for braking the motor vehicle 4, the brake system 29 with a gas, in particular with air, is operated.
  • the sprinkler conveyor device 20 can correspond to a tire air conveyor device 24 of the motor vehicle 4 .
  • tire air conveying device 24 is also used to fill at least one tire (not shown) of motor vehicle 4 with air, in particular for emergency filling of the tire, and is therefore a component of a tire inflation system 30 of motor vehicle 4.
  • the fuel cell system 1, in particular the sprinkler device 15, has a valve device 31 for controlling flows in the sprinkler device 15 in the exemplary embodiments shown.
  • the valve device 31 has a valve 32 which selectively opens and blocks the fluidic connection between the water tank 21 and the at least one sprinkling outlet 16 .
  • this valve 32 also referred to below as the first valve 32, it is therefore possible to selectively interrupt or allow the sprinkling of the coolant cooler 10.
  • the optional release can be multi-stage or stepless.
  • the valve device 31 also has a valve 33 which selectively enables and blocks the flow of gas between the main path 25 and the gas supply path 26 .
  • This valve 33 also referred to below as the second valve 33, is expediently arranged in the gas supply path 26.
  • a check valve 34 is also provided in the exemplary embodiments shown, which is expediently arranged in the gas supply path 26.
  • the valve device 31 also preferably has a valve 35 that selectively blocks and releases the separator feed path 19 and is also referred to below as the third valve 35 .
  • the third valve 35 can therefore selectively release and block a flow between the water separator 18 and the sprinkler conveyor device 20 .
  • the third valve 35 arranged in the separator feed path 19.
  • the first valve 33 can thus selectively block and release a fluidic connection to the main path 25 .
  • the fuel cell system 1 also has a control device 36, which is only indicated in FIG.
  • the control device 36 communicates with the valve device 31, in particular the valves 32, 33, 35, in order to control the valve device 31 and thus selectively enable or block the corresponding flows.
  • the second valve 33 is closed and the third valve 35 is opened in order to fill the water container 21 with water originating from the water separator 18 .
  • water obtained with the water separator 18 reaches the water tank 21, in particular by gravity.
  • the third valve 35 is closed, whereas the second valve 33 and the first valve 32 are opened.
  • the sprinkler conveying device 20 corresponding to the cathode gas conveying device 6 thus conveys cathode gas into the water tank 21 and, via the water tank 21 and the water supply path 22, water to the at least one sprinkler outlet 16.
  • the fuel cell system 1, in particular the sprinkler device 15 and the valve device 31, is designed in such a way that the sprinkler device 15 is emptied when water is required, in particular to prevent or at least to prevent water from freezing to reduce.
  • the second valve 33 is designed as a three-way valve 37 for this purpose, in comparison to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
  • an additional flow path 38 provided which, bypassing the water tank 21, connects the main path 25 to the separator feed path 19.
  • This flow path 38 also referred to below as the bypass flow path 38, connects the separator feed path 19 to the main path 25 via the second valve 33.
  • the valve device 31 is set in a first emptying operation in such a way that the sprinkler conveyor system 20 draws water from the separator feed path 19 to the exhaust system 17, in particular to the water separator 18 promotes.
  • the fluidic connection between the main path 25 and the bypass path 38 is released via the second valve 33 .
  • the third valve 35 is opened.
  • the valve device 31 is set in such a way that the sprinkler conveyor device 20 conveys water from the water supply path 22 in the direction of the at least one sprinkler outlet 16 .
  • the third valve 35 is blocked, the first valve 32 is opened and the second valve 33 is set in such a way that gas from the main path 5 pumps the water present in the water supply path 22 out of the at least one sprinkling outlet 16 .
  • the water present in the water tank 21 can also be emptied in the first emptying operation and/or in the second emptying operation.
  • the first emptying operation the water is conveyed in the direction of the exhaust system 17 .
  • the second emptying operation the water in the water tank 21 is conveyed via the water supply path 22 in the direction of the at least one sprinkler outlet 16 .
  • no bypass path 38 is provided in comparison to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the second valve 33 is designed as a simple valve.
  • the sprinkling device 15 has a discharge path 39 for discharging im Water tank 21 stored water in the environment.
  • the drain path 39 is thus separate from the water supply path 22 .
  • a further valve 40 of the valve device 31 also referred to below as the fourth valve 40 , is arranged in the discharge path 39 .
  • the fourth valve 40 is closed and is only opened to empty the water tank 21 . This can be done by opening the fourth valve 40 either in the first and/or second emptying mode.
  • valve device 31 is adjusted in such a way that the sprinkling conveyor device 20 conveys water from the water tank 21 into the environment.
  • the fourth valve 40 is opened, the first valve 32 and the third valve 35 are closed and the second valve 33 is opened.
  • the sprinkling device 15 can be emptied independently of the sprinkling device 15 by the conveying device 6 , 23 , 24 arranged in the main path 25 .
  • an emptying path 41 is fluidically connected to the main path 25 on the pressure side of the conveying device 6 , 23 , 24 , with a check valve 34 preferably being arranged in the emptying path 41 to prevent a flow in the direction of the main path 25 .
  • a valve 42 of the valve device 31, which is generally referred to below as a drain valve 42 and can correspond to one of the valves 32, 33, 35 mentioned above, can be arranged in the drain path 41.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de pile à combustible (1) comprenant un empilement (2) qui comporte au moins une pile à combustible (3). Le système de pile à combustible (1) comprend en outre un dispositif de refroidissement (8) pour refroidir l'empilement (2), ledit dispositif de refroidissement refroidissant l'empilement (2) à l'aide d'un agent de refroidissement et comportant un refroidisseur de liquide de refroidissement (10) pour refroidir le fluide de refroidissement, le refroidisseur de liquide de refroidissement (10) étant arrosé d'eau à l'aide d'un dispositif d'aspersion (15). Le fait que l'eau du dispositif d'aspersion (15) est retirée du gaz d'échappement produit pendant le fonctionnement de l'empilement (2) ce qui permet d'obtenir un rendement global accru et une utilisation flexible et d'économie d'espace du système de pile à combustible (1), un dispositif de transport de dispositif d'aspersion (20) correspondant à un dispositif de transport (6, 23, 24) qui est déjà présent pour transporter un gaz dans une application séparée du dispositif d'aspersion (25).
PCT/EP2021/066431 2020-07-13 2021-06-17 Système de pile à combustible WO2022012848A1 (fr)

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DE102020208704.0 2020-07-13
DE102020208704.0A DE102020208704A1 (de) 2020-07-13 2020-07-13 Brennstoffzellensystem

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023232610A1 (fr) * 2022-06-02 2023-12-07 Man Truck & Bus Se Dispositif de refroidissement, dispositif de commande et système de refroidissement pour refroidir un liquide de refroidissement au moyen d'un refroidissement par air et d'un refroidissement par évaporation

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022210720A1 (de) 2022-10-11 2024-04-11 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zum Berieseln eines Wärmeübertragers

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DE2358631A1 (de) 1973-11-24 1975-06-05 Wilhelm Dr Ing Schirp Klimaanlage fuer fahrzeuge, insbesondere pkw, lkw, omnibusse usw.
US4215753A (en) 1978-12-04 1980-08-05 Elwood Champness Drilling fluid cooling system
US4494384A (en) 1983-11-21 1985-01-22 Judy A. Lott Apparatus for enhancing the performance of a vehicle air conditioning system
US4771822A (en) 1987-05-15 1988-09-20 Barbosa Ricardo A Automobile tire, radiator and brake cooling system with passenger compartment water heater
US5101775A (en) 1991-01-10 1992-04-07 Hubbs Perry E Cooling apparatus for engine radiator
DE19637926A1 (de) 1996-09-17 1998-03-19 Xaver Hirsch Kühleinrichtung für Ladeluftkühler
US6298809B1 (en) 2000-08-29 2001-10-09 Clayton F Boggs Emergency cooling and refilling system
FR2833803A1 (fr) 2001-12-17 2003-06-20 Renault Circuit electronique de puissance et systeme de motorisation hybride pour vehicule automobile pourvu d'un tel circuit electronique de puissance
KR100634870B1 (ko) 2004-12-20 2006-10-16 현대자동차주식회사 연료전지 차량의 냉각장치
JP2007164999A (ja) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-28 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システム、燃料電池車
DE112007001422B4 (de) 2006-06-13 2012-09-20 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Kühler
DE102008051368A1 (de) 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Tino Cabero Kühlsystem
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023232610A1 (fr) * 2022-06-02 2023-12-07 Man Truck & Bus Se Dispositif de refroidissement, dispositif de commande et système de refroidissement pour refroidir un liquide de refroidissement au moyen d'un refroidissement par air et d'un refroidissement par évaporation

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