WO2022012062A1 - 一种玻璃成型装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种玻璃成型装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012062A1
WO2022012062A1 PCT/CN2021/080340 CN2021080340W WO2022012062A1 WO 2022012062 A1 WO2022012062 A1 WO 2022012062A1 CN 2021080340 W CN2021080340 W CN 2021080340W WO 2022012062 A1 WO2022012062 A1 WO 2022012062A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mold
cavity
molten metal
lower mold
glass
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PCT/CN2021/080340
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈小硕
曹磊
Original Assignee
东莞市新美洋技术有限公司
深圳市长盈精密技术股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022012062A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012062A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/03—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by press-bending between shaping moulds
    • C03B23/0305—Press-bending accelerated by applying mechanical forces, e.g. inertia, weights or local forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
    • C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
    • C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
    • C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/03—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by press-bending between shaping moulds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/03—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by press-bending between shaping moulds
    • C03B23/0307—Press-bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of glass forming, and in particular relates to a glass forming device and method.
  • the existing curved glass is to pass the flat glass through a mold or machine equipment, and then process the finished product into a glass plate with a curved arc.
  • the existing method for manufacturing curved glass with a mold is to provide upper and lower molds, and the lower mold is provided with a mold cavity for the shape of the curved glass to be processed, and after placing the flat glass on the mold cavity of the lower mold, the upper and lower molds and the flat glass Heating to the glass softening temperature, and pressing the softened flat glass into curved glass with the upper mold facing down.
  • the present application provides a glass forming device and method, aiming at solving the technical problem existing in the prior art that more complex glass elements cannot be formed.
  • the present application provides a glass forming device, including: a furnace, a forming mold, a power mechanism and a pipeline,
  • the melting furnace is provided with a first opening, and the melting furnace heats and melts the metal into molten metal and stores the molten metal;
  • One end of the pipe protrudes out of the furnace through the first opening, and one end of the pipe is communicated with the forming die, and the other end of the pipe is suspended in the molten metal, and the pipe is used to provide the molten metal. flow channel;
  • the power mechanism includes a driving part and a punch fixedly connected with the driving part, the punch is suspended above one end of the pipe located in the molten metal, and the driving part drives the punch to approach or away from the edge. moving in the direction of one end of the pipe suspended in the molten metal to drive the molten metal to flow to or out of the forming die through the pipe;
  • the forming mold includes a cavity, and the cavity is communicated with the furnace through the pipeline for the inflow of molten metal.
  • the glass preform is fixed in the cavity, and is softened and formed under the action of the molten metal to form a glass element .
  • the application also provides a glass forming device, comprising: a furnace, a forming mold, a power mechanism and a pipeline,
  • the melting furnace is provided with a first opening, and the melting furnace heats and melts the metal into molten metal and stores the molten metal;
  • One end of the pipe protrudes out of the furnace through the first opening, and one end of the pipe is communicated with the forming die, and the other end of the pipe is suspended in the molten metal, and the pipe is used to provide the molten metal. flow channel;
  • the power mechanism applies pressure to the melting furnace, so that the molten metal in the melting furnace enters the forming mold through the pipeline;
  • the forming mold includes a cavity, and the cavity is communicated with the furnace through the pipeline for the inflow of molten metal.
  • the glass preform is fixed in the cavity, and is softened and formed under the action of the pressure and temperature of the molten metal. It is attached to the top wall of the cavity to form a glass element.
  • the application also provides a glass forming method, comprising:
  • the glass element is cooled and removed from the forming mold.
  • the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are: the present application uniformly applies pressure to the glass preform through the molten metal, so that the glass preform bears the same pressure in all directions during the deformation process, so as to ensure that the glass preform is subjected to the same pressure in all directions.
  • the thickness of the shape is uniform, more complex glass elements can be formed, thereby solving the technical problem existing in the prior art that more complex glass elements cannot be formed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a glass forming device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a furnace provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective mold provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-layer mold provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the glass forming method provided in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a glass forming apparatus and method. Each of them will be described in detail below.
  • the glass forming device includes: a melting furnace 100, a forming mold 200, a power mechanism 300 and a pipeline 400.
  • the melting furnace 100 is used to heat and melt metal into molten metal, and store the molten metal.
  • the furnace 100 is provided with There is a first opening 110, one end of the pipe 400 extends out of the furnace 100 through the first opening 110, one end of the pipe 400 is communicated with the forming die 200, the other end of the pipe 400 is suspended in the molten metal, and the pipe 400 is used to provide flow for the molten metal aisle;
  • the power mechanism 300 includes a driving part 301 and a punch 302 fixedly connected with the driving part 301 .
  • the punch 302 is suspended above one end of the pipe 400 located in the molten metal; Move in the direction of one end of the molten metal to drive the molten metal to flow to or out of the forming die 200 through the pipeline 400;
  • the forming mold 200 includes a cavity, which is communicated with the furnace 100 through a pipe 400 for the inflow of molten metal.
  • the glass preform is fixed in the cavity, and is softened and formed under the action of the molten metal to form a glass element.
  • pressure is uniformly applied to the glass preform in the forming mold 200 through the molten metal, so that the glass preform bears the same pressure in all directions during the softening and deformation process, so as to ensure that the glass preform can be formed more easily when the thickness of the glass preform is uniform.
  • complex glass element meanwhile, by setting the power mechanism 300, the pressure that the glass preform bears during the deformation process can be controlled, and the forming precision of the glass element can be improved.
  • the forming mold 200 includes a lower mold 210 and an upper mold 220 matched with the lower mold 210 , and the glass preform is fixed between the lower mold 210 and the upper mold 220 .
  • the cavity includes an injection cavity 211 opened on the lower mold 210 and a cavity 221 opened on the upper mold 220.
  • the cavity 221 is opposite to the injection cavity 212, and the cavity 221 is used to provide a molding space for the molding of the glass preform;
  • the lower mold 210 is provided with a feeding port 211, and the pipeline 400 is communicated with the injection cavity 212 through the feeding port 211.
  • the injection cavity 212 is used to hold the molten metal.
  • the two sides of the injection cavity 212 are provided with platform parts 213, and the height of the platform part 213 is lower than At the height of the upper surface of the lower mold 210, the platform portion 213 is used to place the glass preform.
  • the stability of the placement of the glass preform can be ensured.
  • the opening width of the cavity 221 is smaller than the opening width of the injection cavity 212 .
  • the thickness of the glass preform is equal to the distance between the platform portion 213 and the upper surface of the lower mold 210 .
  • the upper mold 220 is provided with at least one upper mold ventilation hole 222 , and the at least one upper mold ventilation hole 222 penetrates the upper mold 220 and is used for discharging the gas in the cavity 221 or inflating the cavity 221 .
  • the gas in the cavity 221 can be discharged when the molten metal is filled into the cavity 221, so as to avoid the problem that the molten metal cannot be filled due to the high air pressure in the cavity 221.
  • the setting of the upper mold vent hole 222 can also facilitate the taking out of the molded glass element, and the glass element can be quickly taken out by simply inflating the cavity 222 through the upper mold vent hole 222, which is convenient and quick.
  • the lower mold 210 is provided with at least one lower mold ventilation hole 214 , and the at least one lower mold ventilation hole 214 penetrates the lower mold 210 for discharging the gas in the injection cavity 212 or inflating the injection cavity 212 .
  • the gas in the injection cavity 212 can be discharged when the molten metal is filled into the injection cavity 212, so as to avoid the problem that the molten metal cannot be filled due to the high air pressure in the injection cavity 212.
  • setting the lower mold vent hole 214 can also facilitate the molten metal to fall back into the furnace 100.
  • the injection cavity 212 is inflated through the vent hole 214 of the lower mold, and the gas filled into the injection cavity 212 can hold the The glass element prevents deformation of the glass element and improves the yield of the glass element.
  • the number and opening positions of the upper die vent holes 222 and the lower die vent holes 214 can be adjusted according to the size and shape of the cavity 221 and the injection cavity 212 respectively, which are not limited here.
  • the upper mold 220 includes an upper mold core 230 and an upper mold base 240
  • the upper mold base 240 includes an upper cavity
  • the upper mold core 230 is arranged in the upper cavity
  • the upper mold core 230 is connected to the upper mold.
  • the seat 240 is detachably connected, and the cavity 221 is formed on the upper mold core 230
  • the lower mold 210 includes a lower mold core 250 and a lower mold base 260
  • the lower mold base 260 includes a lower cavity
  • the lower mold core 250 is arranged in the lower cavity
  • the lower mold core 250 is detachably connected to the lower mold base 260
  • the injection cavity 212 is formed on the lower mold core 250 .
  • the manufacturing cost of the molding die 200 can be reduced, and the interchangeability of the molding die 200 can be improved.
  • the lower mold core 250 is used to cooperate with the upper mold core 230 to form a glass element, and the machining accuracy of the upper mold core 230 and the lower mold core 250
  • the upper mold base 240 and the lower mold base 260 are not in direct contact with the glass preform, and their precision and material requirements are relatively low.
  • the upper mold core 230 and the lower mold can be respectively The core 250, the upper mold base 240 and the lower mold base 260 are processed, and the manufacturing cost is lower than that of the upper mold 220 and the lower mold 210 of the integral structure.
  • the forming mold 200 by setting the forming mold 200 to be manufactured separately, if the mold core is broken, replace the mold core, the forming mold 200 can continue to be used, the operation is simple, the cost of replacing the entire forming mold 200 is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced .
  • the lower surface of the upper die core 230 is provided with a first sealing groove 231 for placing a sealing gasket to prevent the molten metal from flowing out of the forming die 200 .
  • the forming mold 200 further includes a mold bushing 270 , the mold bushing 270 includes an opening 271 , the diameter of the opening 271 is the same as the diameter of the feeding port 211 , and the mold bushing 270 is connected to the lower hole 271 .
  • the mold 210 is detachably connected.
  • the die bushing 270 is detachably connected to the lower die 210 through bolts. Since the feeding port 211 is used to provide a flow channel for the molten metal, the wear of the molding feeding port 211 itself can be reduced by providing the mold bushing 270 .
  • the mold bushing 270 can be replaced, and the forming mold 200 can be used continuously. The operation is simple and the cost of replacing the entire forming mold 200 is further reduced. At the same time, the mold bushing 270 can also play a positioning role when the forming mold 200 is installed.
  • the forming die 200 further includes a hydraulic cylinder 280 .
  • the hydraulic cylinder 280 penetrates through the upper die 220 and abuts against the lower die 210 , and the hydraulic cylinder 280 is pressurized and unloaded by the controller. Pressing, the mold clamping and mold separation of the upper mold 220 and the lower mold 210 can be realized, which is convenient and quick.
  • the furnace 100 further includes a second opening 120
  • the driving part 301 includes a motor 310 , a transmission system 320 and a lead screw 330 .
  • the motor 310 is used to provide rotational driving force, and one end of the transmission system 320 It is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 310, the other end of the transmission system 320 is rotatably connected to the lead screw 330, the lead screw 330 is used to convert the rotational driving force provided by the motor into a linear driving force, and the punch 302 is fixedly connected to the lead screw 330 and is close to the pipeline
  • One end of the 400 is used to move up and down under the driving of the lead screw 330, the lead screw 330 penetrates the second opening 120, and the punch 302 extends into the molten metal to provide pressure for the molten metal.
  • the second opening 120 is cylindrical, and the diameter of the second opening 120 is the same as the outer diameter of the lead screw 330 .
  • the control is precise, and the yield rate of the glass element can be improved.
  • the motor 310 is a servo motor.
  • the servo motor has higher precision and is more stable, and can control the moving distance of the punch 302 more accurately.
  • the pipe 400 close to one end of the forming die 200 is attached to the bottom of the forming die 200 , the first opening 110 is cylindrical, and the diameter of the pipe 400 is the same as the diameter of the first opening 110 .
  • the outer wall of 302 is attached to the inner wall of the pipe 400 .
  • the diameter of the pipe 400 can be the same as the diameter of the first opening 110, the molten metal in the furnace 110 can be prevented from flowing out from the pipe 400 and the first opening 110, resulting in waste of molten metal;
  • the inner wall of the pipe 400 can ensure that the punch 302 can extend into the pipe 400 to provide pressure for the molten metal in the pipe 400, thereby ensuring that the glass preform can be formed into a glass element.
  • the pipeline 400 includes a first vertical section 410, a parallel section 420 and a second vertical section 430, and the diameter of the first vertical section 410 is larger than the diameters of the parallel section 420 and the second vertical section 430, through the above arrangement , the pressure of the molten metal flowing to the forming mold 200 can be increased, so as to ensure the forming of the glass element.
  • first vertical section 410 of the pipeline 400 is provided with a liquid inlet and outlet hole 411 for the molten metal to flow into or out of the pipeline 400 .
  • the glass forming apparatus further includes a protective mold 500 , the protective mold 500 includes a cavity, and the forming mold 200 is disposed in the cavity of the protective mold 500 .
  • the protective mold 500 By disposing the protective mold 500 outside the forming mold 200, the forming mold 200 can be insulated to avoid the technical problem that the operator cannot approach the forming mold 200 when the temperature of the forming mold 200 is too high.
  • the glass forming apparatus further includes a thermal insulation pad 600 disposed between the protective mold 500 and the forming mold 200 .
  • the thermal insulation pad 600 By disposing the thermal insulation pad 600 , the thermal insulation of the protective mold 500 can be further improved.
  • the protection mold 500 in order to facilitate the insertion and removal of the forming mold 200 , includes a protection lower mold 510 and a protection upper mold 520 matched with the protection lower mold 510 .
  • the heat insulating pads 600 are disposed on the top and bottom of the forming mold 200 , and the filling space 700 formed between the side surface of the protective mold 500 and the side surface of the forming mold 200 is filled with inert gas to prevent air
  • the oxygen in the metal oxide oxidizes the molten metal to avoid the deterioration of the molten metal and affects the quality of the glass element.
  • the inert gas can also improve the thermal insulation of the protective mold 500 .
  • a second sealing groove 511 is provided on the upper surface of the protective lower mold 510 , and the second sealing groove 511 is filled with a sealing gasket to avoid leakage of inert gas and further improve the thermal insulation of the protective mold 500 .
  • the protective mold 500 in order to fill the protective mold 500 with an inert gas, is provided with at least one protective mold inflation hole 530 for filling the protective mold 500 with an inert gas, or filling the protective mold 500 with inert gas. Gas exhaust.
  • the softening temperature of the plastic metal should be lower than the melting point of the glass preform, wherein the softening temperature of the glass preform is between 800°C and 800°C.
  • the metal is one of zinc, tin or babbitt
  • the melting point of zinc is 420°C
  • the melting point of tin is 230°C
  • the melting point of babbitt is 47°C.
  • the metal is tin.
  • the present application provides a glass forming method, which is suitable for the glass forming device in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5 , the glass forming method includes:
  • heating and melting the metal in the melting furnace 100 into molten metal specifically, heating the melting furnace 100 by heating equipment, such as electric heating, electromagnetic or flame heating equipment;
  • the motor 310 provides a positive rotational drive Driven by the motor 310, the lead screw 330 moves downward, and the punch 302 also moves downward when driven by the lead screw 330.
  • the punch 302 extends into the furnace 100 to provide pressure for the molten metal.
  • inert gas can be filled into the cavity 221 to blow the glass element out, or a thimble can be used to push the waste area around the glass element to push the glass element out.
  • step S200 may be performed first, and then step S100 may be performed.
  • a mold release agent may also be sprayed on the surface of the glass preform to avoid the mold release process. Glass elements are damaged.
  • step S300 includes:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种玻璃成型装置及方法，玻璃成型装置包括：熔炉（100）、成型模具（200）、动力机构（300）及管道（400），熔炉（100）设置有第一开口（110），熔炉（100）将金属加热熔化为金属液，并存储金属液；管道（400）一端通过第一开口（110）伸出于熔炉（100），且管道（400）一端与成型模具（200）连通，管道（400）另一端悬置于金属液内，管道（400）用于为金属液提供流动通道；动力机构（300）包括驱动部（301）及与驱动部（301）固定连接的冲头（302），冲头（302）悬置于管道（400）位于金属液内一端的上方，驱动部（301）驱动冲头（302）沿靠近或远离管道（400）悬置于金属液内一端的方向移动，以驱动金属液通过管道（400）流至或流出成型模具（200）；成型模具（200）包括一空腔，空腔通过管道（400）与熔炉（100）连通，供金属液流入，玻璃预形体固定于空腔内，并在金属液作用下软化成型，形成玻璃元件。

Description

一种玻璃成型装置及方法 技术领域
本申请属于玻璃成型技术领域，特别涉及一种玻璃成型装置及方法。
背景技术
现有的曲面玻璃，是将平面玻璃通过模具或机台设备，以模具或刀具加工后，将成品做出具有弯曲弧度的玻璃板。
现有以模具制造曲面玻璃的方法，是设有上、下模具，在下模具设有曲面玻璃欲加工成形外形的模穴，将平面玻璃置下模具的模穴上后，将上下模具与平面玻璃加热至玻璃软化温度，并将上模具朝下模具对合的方式，将软化的平面玻璃压合成曲面玻璃。
上述现有的玻璃模压制程虽能将平板玻璃制成曲面玻璃，但其是在不改变平面玻璃厚度的情况下进行热弯成型，在玻璃制品弯曲深度、角度和弧度上有很大的限制，无法成型更加复杂的玻璃元件。
发明内容
本申请提供一种玻璃成型装置及方法，旨在解决现有技术中存在的无法成型更加复杂的玻璃元件的技术问题。
本申请提供玻璃成型装置，包括：熔炉、成型模具、动力机构及管道，
所述熔炉设置有第一开口，所述熔炉将金属加热熔化为金属液，并存储金属液；
所述管道一端通过所述第一开口伸出于所述熔炉，且所述管道一端与所述成型模具连通，所述管道另一端悬置于金属液内，所述管道用于为金属液提供流动通道；
所述动力机构包括驱动部及与所述驱动部固定连接的冲头，所述冲头悬置于所述管道位于金属液内一端的上方，所述驱动部驱动所述冲头沿靠近或远离所述管道悬置于金属液内一端的方向移动，以驱动金属液通过所述管道流至或流出所述成型模具；
所述成型模具包括一空腔，所述空腔通过所述管道与所述熔炉连通，供金属液流入，玻璃预形体固定于所述空腔内，并在金属液作用下软化成型，形成玻璃元件。
本申请还提供了一种玻璃成型装置，包括：熔炉、成型模具、动力机构及管道，
所述熔炉设置有第一开口，所述熔炉将金属加热熔化为金属液，并存储金属液；
所述管道一端通过所述第一开口伸出于所述熔炉，且所述管道一端与所述成型模具连通，所述管道另一端悬置于金属液内，所述管道用于为金属液提供流动通道；
所述动力机构施加压力给所述熔炉，使所述熔炉内的金属液经由所述管道进入所述成型模具内；
所述成型模具包括一空腔，所述空腔通过所述管道与所述熔炉连通，供金属液流入，玻璃预形体固定于所述空腔内，并在金属液的压力与温度作用下软化成型贴合于所述空腔的顶壁上，形成玻璃元件。
本申请还提供了一种玻璃成型方法，包括：
将预热的玻璃预形体放置于成型模具内；
将熔炉内的金属加热熔化成金属液；
通过动力机构给熔炉内的金属液施加压力，以使金属液通过管道传递至所述成型模具，对玻璃预形体进行成型，形成玻璃元件；
通过动力机构给熔炉内的金属液卸压，以使金属液通过管道流回至所述熔炉；
对玻璃元件进行降温，并将玻璃元件从所述成型模具内取出。
相对于现有技术，本申请实施例产生的有益效果在于：本申请通过金属液对玻璃预形体均匀施加压力，使玻璃预形体在变形过程中各个方向所承受的压力相同，以保证在玻璃预形体厚度均匀的情况下，能够成型更加复杂的玻璃元件，从而解决现有技术中存在的无法成型更加复杂的玻璃元件的技术问题。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例一提供的玻璃成型装置的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例一提供的熔炉的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例一提供的保护模具的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例一提供的双层模具的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例二提供的玻璃成型方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅 用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本申请实施例提供一种玻璃成型装置及方法。以下分别进行详细说明。
实施例一
如图1和图2所示，玻璃成型装置包括：熔炉100、成型模具200、动力机构300及管道400，熔炉100用于将金属加热熔化为金属液，并对金属液进行存储，熔炉100设置有第一开口110，管道400一端通过第一开口110伸出于熔炉100，且管道400一端与成型模具200连通，管道400另一端悬置于金属液内，管道400用于为金属液提供流动通道；
动力机构300包括驱动部301及与驱动部301固定连接的冲头302，冲头302悬置于管道400位于金属液内一端的上方，驱动部301驱动冲头302沿靠近或远离管道400悬置于金属液内一端的方向移动，以驱动金属液通过管道400流至或流出成型模具200；
成型模具200包括一空腔，空腔通过管道400与熔炉100连通，供金属液流入，玻璃预形体固定于空腔内，并在金属液作用下软化成型，形成玻璃元件。
本申请通过金属液对成型模具200中的玻璃预形体均匀施加压力，使玻璃预形体在软化变形过程中各个方向所承受的压力相同，以保证在玻璃预形体厚度均匀的情况下，能够成型更加复杂的玻璃元件；同时，通过设置动力机构300可对玻璃预形体在变形过程中承受的压力进行控制，提高玻璃元件成型精度。
进一步地，如图3所示，成型模具200包括：下模210及与下模210配合的上模220，玻璃预形体固定于下模210和上模220之间。空腔包括开设在下模210上的注入腔211和开设在上模220上的型腔221，型腔221和注入腔212相对，型腔221用于为玻璃预形体的成型提供成型空间；下模210开设有一进 料口211，管道400通过进料口211与注入腔212连通，注入腔212用于盛放金属液，注入腔212的两侧设有平台部213，平台部213所在高度低于下模210的上表面所在高度，平台部213用于放置玻璃预形体。
本申请通过设置高度低于下模210上表面所在高度的平台部213，用于放置玻璃预形体，可保证玻璃预形体放置稳定性。
需要说明的是：为了保证成型后玻璃元件的精度，型腔221的开口宽度小于注入腔212的开口宽度。
还需要说明的是：玻璃预形体的厚度等于平台部213与下模210上表面之间的距离。通过上述设置，可保证玻璃预形体的稳定性，避免玻璃预形体在金属液的压力下发生浮动和移动，进一步提高玻璃元件的成型精度。
进一步地，上模220设有至少一个上模通气孔222，至少一个上模通气孔222贯穿上模220，用于将型腔221内的气体排出或向型腔221内充气。通过设置上模通气孔222可在金属液充入型腔221时，将型腔221内的气体排出，避免造成由于型腔221内气压过高导致无法填充金属液的问题。同时，设置上模通气孔222还可便于成型后的玻璃元件取出，仅需通过上模通气孔222向型腔222内充气，即可快速取出玻璃元件，方便快捷。
进一步地，下模210设有至少一个下模通气孔214，至少一个下模通气孔214贯穿下模210，用于将注入腔212内的气体排出，或向注入腔212内充气。通过设置下模通气孔214可在金属液充入注入腔212时，将注入腔212内的气体排出，避免造成由于注入腔212内气压过高导致无法填充金属液的问题。同时，设置下模通气孔214还可便于金属液回落至熔炉100内，具体地：当玻璃元件成型后，仅需通过下模通气孔214向注入腔212内充气，即可实现金属液回落至熔炉100内，避免注入腔212内形成负压金属液无法回流；更进一步的， 当玻璃元件成型后，通过下模通气孔214向注入腔212内充气，充入注入腔212的气体可以托住玻璃元件防止玻璃元件变形，提高玻璃元件的良品率。
应当理解的是：上模通气孔222和下模通气孔214的个数和开设位置可分别根据型腔221和注入腔212的大小、形状进行调整，在此不作限定。
进一步地，如图3所示，上模220包括上模仁230以及上模座240，上模座240包括一上腔，上模仁230设置于上腔内，且上模仁230与上模座240可拆卸连接，型腔221形成于上模仁230上；下模210包括下模仁250及下模座260，下模座260包括一下腔，下模仁250设置于下腔内，且下模仁250与下模座260可拆卸连接，注入腔212形成于下模仁250上。
通过上述设置，可降低成型模具200的制造成本，并提高成型模具200的互换性。具体地：由于上模仁230上形成的型腔221为决定玻璃元件形状的主要因素，下模仁250用于与上模仁230配合形成玻璃元件，上模仁230和下模仁250加工精度及材料要求较高，而上模座240和下模座260不与玻璃预形体直接接触，其精度和材料要求较低，因此，在实际应用过程中，可分别对上模仁230、下模仁250、上模座240和下模座260进行加工，相比于整体结构的上模220和下模210，制造成本更低。同时，通过设置将成型模具200分开制造，模仁坏了，换下模仁，成型模具200可以继续使用，操作简易，减少整个换成型模具200的成本，提高了生产效率，降低了生产成本。
进一步地，如图3所示，上模仁230的下表面上设置有第一密封槽231，用于放置密封垫，以避免金属液流出至成型模具200外。
进一步地，如图3所示，成型模具200还包括模具衬套270，模具衬套270包括一开孔271，开孔271的直径与进料口211的直径相同，且模具衬套270与下模210可拆卸连接。具体地，在本申请的一些实施例中，模具衬套270通 过螺栓与下模210可拆卸连接。由于进料口211用于为金属液提供流道，因此，通过设置模具衬套270可减少成型进料口211自身的磨损。模具衬套270坏了，换下模具衬套270，成型模具200可以继续使用，操作简易，进一步减少整个换成型模具200的成本。同时，模具衬套270也可在成型模具200安装时，起到定位作用。
进一步地，如图1所示，为了节省人力，成型模具200还包括液压缸280，液压缸280贯穿上模220，并抵持于下模210，通过控制器对液压缸280进行加压和卸压，即可实现上模220和下模210的合模和分模，方便快捷。
进一步地，如图1和图2所示，熔炉100还包括第二开口120，驱动部301包括：电机310、传动系统320以及丝杠330，电机310用于提供旋转驱动力，传动系统320一端固定连接于电机310的输出轴，传动系统320另一端转动连接于丝杠330，丝杠330用于将电机提供的旋转驱动力变为直线驱动力，冲头302固定连接于丝杠330靠近管道400的一端，用于在丝杠330的带动下上下移动，丝杠330贯穿第二开口120，冲头302伸入至金属液内，为金属液提供压力。
应当理解的是：为了避免金属液泄漏，第二开口120为圆柱形，第二开口120的直径与丝杠330的外径相同。
本申请通过设置电机310和丝杠330控制冲头302的移动距离，控制精确，可实现提高玻璃元件的良率。
优选地，电机310为伺服电机，伺服电机相比于步进电机精度更高，更稳定，可更精确的控制冲头302的移动距离。
进一步地，如图1所示，管道400靠近成型模具200一端的管道贴合于成型模具200底部，第一开口110为圆柱形，且管道400的直径与第一开口110 的直径相同，冲头302外壁贴合于管道400内壁。
本申请通过设置管道400的直径与第一开口110的直径相同可避免熔炉110内的金属液从管道400和第一开口110处流出，造成金属液的浪费；通过设置冲头302外壁贴合于管道400内壁，可保证冲头302可伸入管道400内，为管道400内的金属液提供压力，从而保证玻璃预形体可成型为玻璃元件。
进一步地，管道400包括第一竖直段410、平行段420和第二竖直段430，且第一竖直段410的直径大于平行段420和第二竖直段430的直径，通过上述设置，可提高流至成型模具200处金属液的压力，从而保证玻璃元件的成型。
进一步地，管道400的第一竖直段410开设有一进出液孔411，供金属液流入或流出管道400。
可以理解的是：冲头302外壁贴合于第一竖直段410内壁。
进一步地，如图4所示，玻璃成型装置还包括保护模具500，保护模具500包括一空腔，成型模具200设置在保护模具500的空腔内。通过在成型模具200外设置保护模具500，可对成型模具200进行隔热，避免当成型模具200温度过高时，操作人员无法靠近成型模具200的技术问题。
进一步地，为了提高保护模具500的隔热效果，在本申请的一些实施例中，玻璃成型装置还包括设置在保护模具500与成型模具200之间的隔热垫600，通过设置隔热垫600，可进一步提高保护模具500的隔热性。
应当理解的是：为了便于成型模具200的放入和取出，保护模具500包括保护下模510及与保护下模510配合的保护上模520。
进一步地，如图4所示，隔热垫600设置在成型模具200的顶部和底部，在保护模具500的侧面与成型模具200的侧面之间形成的填充空间700内填充惰性气体，以防止空气中的氧气氧化金属液，避免金属液变质，造成玻璃元件 质量受影响，同时，惰性气体也可提高保护模具500的隔热性。
进一步地，在保护下模510的上表面设置有第二密封槽511，第二密封槽511内填充有密封垫，避免惰性气体泄漏，进一步提高保护模具500的隔热性。
还应当理解的是：为了向保护模具500内充入惰性气体，保护模具500开设有至少一个保护模具充气孔530，用于向保护模具500内充入惰性气体，或将保护模具500内的惰性气体排出。
需要说明的是：由于本申请是通过金属液对玻璃预形体进行加压成型，因此，塑性金属的软化温度应低于玻璃预形体的熔点，其中，玻璃预形体的软化温度介于800℃到1000℃之间，因此，金属是锌、锡或巴氏合金中的一种，锌的熔点是420℃，锡的熔点是230℃，巴氏合金的熔点是47℃。在本申请的一些实施例中，金属为锡。
实施例二
本申请提供了一种玻璃成型方法，适用于实施例一中的玻璃成型装置，如图5所示，玻璃成型方法包括：
S100、将预热的玻璃预形体放置于成型模具200内；具体地；将预热的玻璃预形体放置于下模210的平台部213上，将上模220盖设在下模210上，并通过液压缸280将上模220和下模210固定连接；其中，玻璃的预热温度为200℃～400℃；
S200、将熔炉100内的金属加热熔化成金属液；具体地，通过加热设备，例如电热、电磁或火焰加热设备对熔炉100进行加热；
S300、通过动力机构300给熔炉100内的金属液施加压力，以使金属液通过管道400传递至成型模具200，对玻璃预形体进行成型，形成玻璃元件；具 体地：电机310提供正向旋转驱动力，丝杠330在电机310的带动下向下移动，冲头302在丝杠330的带动也向下移动，冲头302伸入至熔炉100，为金属液提供压力。
S400、通过动力机构300给熔炉内的金属液卸压，以使金属液通过管道400流回至熔炉100；具体地：电机310提供反向旋转驱动力，丝杠330在电机310的带动下向上移动，冲头302在丝杠330的带动也向上移动，为金属液提供压力。
S500、对玻璃元件进行降温；可便于操作人员取出；并将玻璃元件从成型模具200内取出。具体地：为了避免在取出过程中损坏玻璃元件，可往型腔221内充入填惰性气体将玻璃元件吹出，也可用顶针顶顶持玻璃元件四周废料区将玻璃元件顶出。
需要说明的是：在本申请的一些实施例中，可先进行步骤S200，再进行步骤S100。
进一步地，为了实现玻璃元件成型后，顺利地从成型模具200中取出，在本申请的一些实施例中，在步骤S100前，还可在玻璃预形体表面喷脱模剂，避免脱模过程中玻璃元件损坏。
进一步地，步骤S300包括：
S310、快速将金属液填充至玻璃预形体下约3mm的位置处；注入腔212需同步排气，避免注入腔212内有气压导致无法填金属液；其中，金属液的温度为800℃～1000℃，与玻璃预形体软化温度一致；
S320、缓慢将金属液填充到玻璃预形体处；通过步骤S310和步骤S320，可避免金属液一次充填太快，将玻璃预形体冲碎及注入腔212排气不充分的问题，提高玻璃元件的成型良率；
S330、停止对金属液加压，停留3～5秒，将玻璃预形体的温度加热到与金属液温度相同；
S340、以1mm/s的速度、2～5Mpa的压力充填金属液至型腔221，使玻璃预形体变形；在金属液填充完毕后，以2～5Mpa的压力充填锡液，使玻璃充分成型与模具型腔一致；
S340、保持金属液的压力2～4秒，将玻璃预形体成型为玻璃元件。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，包括：熔炉、成型模具、动力机构及管道，
    所述熔炉设置有第一开口，所述熔炉将金属加热熔化为金属液，并存储金属液；
    所述管道一端通过所述第一开口伸出于所述熔炉，且所述管道一端与所述成型模具连通，所述管道另一端悬置于金属液内，所述管道用于为金属液提供流动通道；
    所述动力机构包括驱动部及与所述驱动部固定连接的冲头，所述冲头悬置于所述管道位于金属液内一端的上方，所述驱动部驱动所述冲头沿靠近或远离所述管道悬置于金属液内一端的方向移动，以驱动金属液通过所述管道流至或流出所述成型模具；
    所述成型模具包括一空腔，所述空腔通过所述管道与所述熔炉连通，供金属液流入，玻璃预形体固定于所述空腔内，并在金属液作用下软化成型，形成玻璃元件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述成型模具包括：下模及与所述下模配合的上模，所述空腔包括开设在所述下模上的注入腔和开设在所述上模上的型腔，所述型腔和所述注入腔相对，所述型腔用于为玻璃预形体的成型提供成型空间，所述下模开设有一进料口，所述管道通过所述进料口与所述注入腔连通，所述注入腔的两侧设有平台部，所述平台部所在高度低于所述下模的上表面所在高度，玻璃预形体放置于所述平台部上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述上模设有至少 一个上模通气孔，所述至少一个上模通气孔贯穿所述上模，用于将所述型腔内的气体排出或向所述型腔内充气。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述下模设有至少一个下模通气孔，所述至少一个下模通气孔贯穿所述下模，用于将所述注入腔内的气体排出，或向所述注入腔内充气。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述上模包括上模仁以及上模座，所述上模座包括一上腔，所述上模仁设置于所述上腔内，且所述上模仁与所述上模座可拆卸连接，所述型腔形成于所述上模仁上；所述下模包括下模仁及下模座，所述下模座包括一下腔，所述下模仁设置于所述下腔内，且所述下模仁与所述下模座可拆卸连接，所述注入腔形成于所述下模仁上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述上模仁的下表面上设置有第一密封槽，用于放置密封垫，以避免金属液或气体流出至所述成型模具外。
  7. 根据权利要2所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述成型模具还包括模具衬套，所述模具衬套包括一开孔，所述开孔的直径与所述进料口的直径相同，且所述模具衬套与所述下模可拆卸连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述熔炉还包括第二开口，所述驱动部包括：电机、传动系统以及丝杠，所述电机用于提供旋转驱动力，所述传动系统一端固定连接于所述电机的输出轴，所述传动系统另一端转动连接于所述丝杠，所述丝杠用于将所述电机提供的旋转驱动力变为直线驱动力，所述冲头固定连接于所述丝杠靠近所述管道的一端，用于在所述丝杠的带动下上下移动，所述丝杠贯穿所述第二开口，所述冲头伸入至金属液。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述管道靠近所述 成型模具一端的管道外壁贴合于所述第一开口，所述冲头外壁贴合于所述管道内壁。
  10. 根据权利要1所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述玻璃成型装置还包括保护模具，所述保护模具包括一空腔，所述成型模具设置在所述保护模具的空腔内。
  11. 一种玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，包括：熔炉、成型模具、动力机构及管道，
    所述熔炉设置有第一开口，所述熔炉将金属加热熔化为金属液，并存储金属液；
    所述管道一端通过所述第一开口伸出于所述熔炉，且所述管道一端与所述成型模具连通，所述管道另一端悬置于金属液内，所述管道用于为金属液提供流动通道；
    所述动力机构施加压力给所述熔炉，使所述熔炉内的金属液经由所述管道进入所述成型模具内；
    所述成型模具包括一空腔，所述空腔通过所述管道与所述熔炉连通，供金属液流入，玻璃预形体固定于所述空腔内，并在金属液的压力与温度作用下软化成型贴合于所述空腔的顶壁上，形成玻璃元件。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述成型模具包括：下模及与所述下模配合的上模，所述空腔包括开设在所述下模上的注入腔和开设在所述上模上的型腔，所述型腔和所述注入腔相对，所述型腔用于为玻璃预形体的成型提供成型空间，所述下模开设有一进料口，所述管道通过所述进料口与所述注入腔连通，所述注入腔的两侧设有平台部，所述平台部所在高度低于所述下模的上表面所在高度，玻璃预形体的周缘架设于所述平台部上。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述上模设有至少一个上模通气孔，所述至少一个上模通气孔贯穿所述上模，用于将所述型腔内的气体排出或向所述型腔内充气；所述下模设有至少一个下模通气孔，所述至少一个下模通气孔贯穿所述下模，用于将所述注入腔内的气体排出，或向所述注入腔内充气。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述上模包括上模仁以及上模座，所述上模座包括一上腔，所述上模仁设置于所述上腔内，且所述上模仁与所述上模座可拆卸连接，所述型腔形成于所述上模仁上；所述下模包括下模仁及下模座，所述下模座包括一下腔，所述下模仁设置于所述下腔内，且所述下模仁与所述下模座可拆卸连接，所述注入腔形成于所述下模仁上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述上模仁的下表面和/或所述下模仁的上表面上设置有第一密封槽，用于放置密封垫，以避免金属液或气体流出至所述成型模具外。
  16. 根据权利要12所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述成型模具还包括模具衬套，所述模具衬套包括一开孔，所述开孔的直径与所述进料口的直径相同，且所述模具衬套与所述下模可拆卸连接。
  17. 根据权利要16所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述模具衬套与所述上模座顶面与下模座底面之间夹持有隔热垫，所述上模座与下模座外侧面与所述模具衬套之间形成有填充空间，所述填充空间内填充有惰性气体。
  18. 根据权利要求11所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述熔炉还包括第二开口，所述动力机构通过所述第二开口施加惰性气体至所述熔炉内使所述熔炉内的气压升高，最终使所述金属液注入所述成型模具内。
  19. 根据权利要求12所述的玻璃成型装置，其特征在于，所述玻璃预形体 为平面结构，所述玻璃预形体边缘支撑于所述平台部上，所述玻璃预形体上表面与所述下模仁的上表面平齐并被所述上模仁的下表面夹持。
  20. 一种玻璃成型方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将预热的玻璃预形体放置于成型模具内；
    将熔炉内的金属加热熔化成金属液；
    通过动力机构给熔炉内的金属液施加压力，以使金属液通过管道传递至所述成型模具，对玻璃预形体进行成型，形成玻璃元件；
    通过动力机构给熔炉内的金属液卸压，以使金属液通过管道流回至所述熔炉；
    对玻璃元件进行降温，并将玻璃元件从所述成型模具内取出。
PCT/CN2021/080340 2020-07-15 2021-03-12 一种玻璃成型装置及方法 WO2022012062A1 (zh)

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