WO2022012023A1 - Low-frequency radiation unit and base station antenna - Google Patents

Low-frequency radiation unit and base station antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012023A1
WO2022012023A1 PCT/CN2021/073892 CN2021073892W WO2022012023A1 WO 2022012023 A1 WO2022012023 A1 WO 2022012023A1 CN 2021073892 W CN2021073892 W CN 2021073892W WO 2022012023 A1 WO2022012023 A1 WO 2022012023A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
low
line
frequency radiation
frequency
radiation unit
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PCT/CN2021/073892
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
邱小凯
江峰
邬烈锋
梁小健
孔唯同
Original Assignee
摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司
摩比科技（深圳）有限公司
摩比通讯技术（吉安）有限公司
摩比科技(西安)有限公司
深圳市晟煜智慧科技网络有限公司
西安摩比天线技术工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2022012023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012023A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/18—Vertical disposition of the antenna

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna.
  • the low frequency band of the multi-frequency antenna may include the GSM900 frequency band, which operates at 880-960MHz, and the low frequency band may also include the 800M frequency band that operates at 790-880MHz, and the 700M frequency band that operates at 694-790Mhz.
  • the high frequency band of the multi-frequency antenna can include the GSM1800 frequency band operating at 1710-1880MHz, the UMTS frequency band operating at 1920-2170MHz, the LTE2600 frequency band operating at 2500-2700MHz, and the TDD 3.5G frequency band operating at 3.3-3.8G.
  • the above-mentioned multi-frequency and multi-system antennas must be miniaturized, one antenna can achieve all frequency bands, and the size cannot be greatly increased.
  • the above-mentioned antennas are difficult to implement. There is severe coupling interference between radiating units in different frequency bands, which will cause the radiation performance to deteriorate and seriously affect the network performance. The most obvious impact is the interference of low-frequency radiating units on high-frequency radiation performance.
  • cross vibrators are mostly used to form nested arrays, but there are problems such as large size, complicated feeding, and high cost.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit has a filtering function, and can effectively reduce the high-frequency radiation performance of the low-frequency radiation unit when the high- and low-frequency antennas are nested and arrayed. and can realize the miniaturization of the antenna size.
  • the present invention provides a low-frequency radiation unit, comprising a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a feeding balun;
  • the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, which are respectively at ⁇ 45° of the dielectric substrate. Distributed in the ° direction, the radiating arms of the two dipoles are respectively composed of vertical lines and horizontal lines, and together form a cross-shaped line, the ends of the vertical lines and the horizontal lines are connected by a circular arc line, and the A plurality of bent lines are arranged in the middle of the arc line;
  • the feeding balun is in an orthogonal structure, the bottom of the feeding balun is connected to the feeding network, and the top of the feeding balun is connected to the radiator.
  • the bending line includes two longitudinal line segments and one transverse line segment, the upper ends of the two longitudinal line segments are respectively connected to the circular arc line, and the lower ends of the two longitudinal line segments are respectively connected to the circular arc line. Both ends of the horizontal line segment are connected; the bent line is equivalent to an LC parallel circuit, the bent line itself is equivalent to an inductive structure, the gap between the two longitudinal line segments of the bent line, etc. The effect is a capacitive structure.
  • the diameter of the bent line is smaller than the diameter of the arc line.
  • the vertical line and the horizontal line of the radiation arm have the same length, and the lengths are both 0.15-0.2 ⁇ , and the ⁇ is the working frequency of the low-frequency radiation unit. wavelength.
  • the feeding balun is composed of two orthogonally combined circuit boards, each of the circuit boards includes a dielectric sheet, and the front surface of the dielectric sheet is distributed with feeding lines , the back of the dielectric sheet is covered with ground; the feed line is coupled and connected to the ground, the bottom of the feed line is connected to the feed network, and the top of the feed line is connected to the radiator Feed connection.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit according to the present invention further comprises a grounding plate located at the bottom of the feeding balun;
  • the bottom of the ground is connected to the ground plate, and the top of the ground is connected to the radiator for feeding.
  • the grounding sheet includes a grounding dielectric sheet and a grounding layer on the back of the grounding dielectric sheet, and the bottom of the ground of the feeding balun passes through the grounding dielectric sheet and is connected to the grounding dielectric sheet.
  • the ground plane is connected.
  • the circuit board includes a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board is provided with a first fitting groove, and the second circuit board is provided with a first fitting groove. Two fitting grooves; the first circuit board and the second circuit board are respectively fitted into an orthogonal structure through the first fitting groove and the second fitting groove.
  • the present invention also provides a base station antenna, comprising a reflector, a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units according to any one of the above are distributed on the reflector, and the low-frequency radiation units are nested and inserted the middle of the high-frequency radiation unit.
  • a plurality of the low-frequency radiation units form at least one column of low-frequency linear arrays
  • a plurality of the high-frequency radiation units form at least one column of high-frequency linear arrays
  • the low-frequency linear arrays are nested and inserted into the high-frequency linear arrays. the middle of the frequency line array;
  • the first spacing between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units is 0.8-1 ⁇
  • the second spacing between two adjacent low-frequency radiation units is 0.7-0.9 ⁇
  • the first spacing and all The ratio of the second spacing is 1/2
  • the ⁇ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the low-frequency radiation unit.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator located on the dielectric substrate, and a feed balun located under the radiator; the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, and the feed balun also has an orthogonal structure.
  • the radiating arms of the two dipoles are respectively composed of vertical lines and horizontal lines and together form a cross-shaped line.
  • the ends of the vertical line and the horizontal line are connected by a circular arc line, and the circular arc line can be used as the current extension of the cross-shaped line.
  • the path can effectively improve the unit gain and reduce the aperture when the gain remains unchanged, which can be used to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention has a filtering function, and can effectively reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation performance when the high-frequency antenna is nested and arrayed, and can realize the miniaturization of the antenna size.
  • Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the front structure schematic diagram of the radiator of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • 3A is a schematic front view of the cross-shaped circuit of the preferred radiator of the present invention.
  • 3B is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the arc line of the preferred radiator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is an enlarged schematic view of a partial structure of a circular arc line of a preferred radiator of the present invention.
  • 4B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the partial structure of the circular arc line shown in FIG. 4A;
  • 5A is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a feeding balun of a preferred radiation unit of the present invention.
  • 5B is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the first circuit board of the preferred feeding balun of the present invention.
  • 5C is a schematic front view of the second circuit board of the preferred feeding balun of the present invention.
  • 5D is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the second circuit board of the preferred feeding balun of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a preferred base station antenna of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the preferred base station antenna of the present invention.
  • radiator 20 low frequency radiation unit 100; dielectric substrate 10; radiator 20;
  • Bending line 24 Longitudinal line segment 241; Horizontal line segment 242;
  • Feed balun 30 Dielectric sheet 31; Feed line 32;
  • Base station antenna 200 Reflector 300; High frequency radiation unit 400.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “example embodiment”, etc. mean that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every Embodiments must contain these specific features, structures or characteristics. Furthermore, such expressions are not referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, whether or not explicitly described, it has been shown that it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to incorporate such feature, structure or characteristic into other embodiments .
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 100 includes a dielectric substrate 10 , a radiator 20 located on the dielectric substrate 10 , and a feeding balun 30 located below the radiator 20 .
  • the radiator 20 (or vibrator) includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, which are distributed and placed in the ⁇ 45° direction of the dielectric substrate 10 respectively to form two polarizations of ⁇ 45°, forming a dual-polarized radiation unit.
  • the radiation arms of the two dipoles are respectively composed of a vertical line 21 and a horizontal line 22 and together form a cross-shaped line.
  • the ends of the vertical line 21 and the horizontal line 22 are connected by a circular arc line 23, and the circular arc line 23 can be As the current extension path of the cross-shaped line, the unit gain can be effectively improved, and the aperture can be reduced when the gain remains unchanged, which can be used to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • a plurality of bending lines 24 are arranged in the middle of the arc line 23. The bending lines 24 can suppress the high frequency induced current and can effectively reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the high frequency radiation unit.
  • the feeding balun 30 has an orthogonal structure, the bottom of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the feeding network, and the top of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the radiator 20 , that is, the top of the feeding balun 30 is fed with the radiator 20 connect.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention can effectively reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna in which the high- and low-frequency antennas are nested, realize the filtering function of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 on high-frequency signals, and can realize the antenna Small size.
  • the middle lines of the radiation arms of the two groups of dipoles of the radiator 20 form a cross-shaped line.
  • the two groups of dipoles of the radiator 20 The line at the end of the radiating arm forms a circular arc line.
  • the arc line can be used as the current extension path of the middle cross-shaped line, which can effectively improve the unit gain, and at the same time, can widen the impedance bandwidth of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 and improve the standing wave ratio.
  • the circular arc line 23 is provided with a plurality of relatively thin bending lines 24 , that is, the diameter of the bending line 24 is smaller than the diameter of the circular arc line 23 .
  • the suppression of the high-frequency induced current can be realized, and the influence on the radiation performance of the high-frequency unit can be effectively reduced.
  • the structure can reduce the aperture under the condition of constant gain, which can be used to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the bending line 24 of the radiator 20 preferably includes two longitudinal line segments 241 and one transverse line segment 242 , the upper ends of the two longitudinal line segments 241 are respectively connected with the circular arc line 23 , and the two longitudinal The lower ends of the line segments 241 are respectively connected with both ends of the transverse line segments 242 , that is, the two longitudinal line segments 241 and one transverse line segment 242 together form the U-shaped bending line 24 .
  • the bent line 24 is equivalent to an LC parallel circuit 25
  • the bent line 24 itself is equivalent to an inductance structure L
  • the gap between the two longitudinal line segments 241 of the bent line 24 is equivalent to a capacitance structure C.
  • the LC parallel circuit 25 exhibits resonance to high frequencies, so that the high-frequency signal forms an open circuit here, so that the low-frequency radiation unit 100 has a filtering function for high frequencies, thereby effectively suppressing high-frequency current and reducing the impact on high-frequency radiation performance.
  • the lengths of the vertical line 21 and the horizontal line 22 of the radiation arm are equal, and the lengths are both 0.15-0.2 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the operating frequency band of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 .
  • the vertical line 21 and the horizontal line 22 of the radiation arm form a right angle to form a 45-degree polarization.
  • the feeding balun 30 is preferably composed of two orthogonally combined circuit boards 310 and 320, each circuit board 310 and 320 respectively include a dielectric sheet 31 , the front surface of the dielectric sheet 31 is distributed with feeding lines 32 , and the back surface of the dielectric sheet 31 is covered with a ground 33 .
  • the feed line 32 is a microstrip line.
  • the feed line 32 is coupled and connected to the ground 33 , the bottom of the feed line 32 is connected to the feed network, and the top of the feed line 32 is connected to the radiator 20 for feed.
  • Each dipole of the radiator 20 has a feeding balun 30, and the top of the feeding balun 30 preferably feeds each dipole by coupling through a feeding probe.
  • the circuit board includes a first circuit board 310 and a second circuit board 320, preferably a PCB circuit board.
  • the first circuit board 310 is provided with a first fitting groove 311
  • the second circuit board 320 is provided with a second fitting groove 321 .
  • the first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 are respectively fitted into an orthogonal structure through the first fitting groove 311 and the second fitting groove 321 .
  • the first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 respectively correspond to one dipole.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 100 further includes a grounding plate 40 located at the bottom of the feeding balun 30 .
  • the bottom of the ground 33 is connected to the grounding sheet 40, and the top of the ground 33 is connected to the radiator 20 for feeding, that is, the top of the ground 33 and the dielectric sheet 31 pass through the substrate of the radiating arm, and are respectively connected with the two radiating arms of the low-frequency radiation unit 100. Connect the feed.
  • the grounding sheet 40 includes a grounding dielectric sheet and a grounding layer on the back of the grounding dielectric sheet, and the bottom of the ground 33 of the feeding balun 30 passes through the grounding dielectric sheet and is connected to the grounding layer to form a common ground structure.
  • the top of the first circuit board 310 is provided with at least two first upper tabs
  • the top of the second circuit board 320 is provided with at least two second upper tabs
  • the radiator 20 At least four upper slots are correspondingly provided on the top, and the first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 are respectively clamped to the upper slots of the radiator 20 through the first upper tab and the second upper tab, so as to realize the feeding electrical connection.
  • the bottom of the first circuit board 310 is provided with at least two first lower tabs.
  • the bottom of the second circuit board 320 is provided with at least two second lower tabs, the grounding sheet 40 is correspondingly provided with at least four lower slots, and the first circuit board and the second circuit board pass through the first lower tab and the second The lower protruding piece is clamped at the lower slot of the grounding piece, so as to realize the connection of grounding and feeding.
  • the base station antenna 200 includes a reflector 300 on which a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 400 and a plurality of the low-frequency radiation units 100 are distributed, and the low-frequency radiation units 100 are nested and inserted into the high-frequency radiation units In the middle of 400.
  • multiple low frequency radiation units 100 form at least one column of low frequency line arrays
  • multiple high frequency radiation units 400 form at least one column of high frequency line arrays
  • the low frequency line arrays are nested and inserted in the middle of the high frequency line arrays.
  • the base station antenna 200 includes a nested array antenna composed of two columns of low-frequency linear arrays and four columns of high-frequency linear arrays, and the two columns of low-frequency linear arrays are nested and inserted into the middle of the four columns of high-frequency linear arrays. It should be reminded that the number of columns of the high-frequency linear array and the low-frequency linear array of the base station antenna 100 of the present invention is not limited, and can be arbitrarily set according to actual needs.
  • the first distance between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units 400 is 0.8-1 ⁇
  • the second distance between two adjacent low-frequency radiation units 100 is 0.7-0.9 ⁇
  • ⁇ is the low-frequency radiation unit and the ratio of the first spacing to the second spacing is 1/2, that is, the spacing between the high-frequency radiation unit 400 and the low-frequency radiation unit 100 is in a 1:2 relationship.
  • the base station antenna 200 of the present invention successfully inserts the low-frequency linear array into the high-frequency linear array without changing the size of the antenna. There is no obvious decrease, so that the influence on the radiation performance of the high-frequency radiation unit 400 can be reduced, and the miniaturization of the multi-frequency antenna can be realized.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator located on the dielectric substrate, and a feed balun located under the radiator;
  • the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, and the feed balun also
  • the structure is orthogonal;
  • the radiating arms of the two dipoles are respectively composed of vertical lines and horizontal lines and together form a cross-shaped line.
  • the ends of the vertical lines and the horizontal lines are connected by circular arc lines, and the circular arc lines can be used as ten
  • the current extension path of the zigzag line can effectively improve the unit gain and reduce the aperture when the gain remains unchanged, which can be used to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention has a filtering function, and can effectively reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation performance when the high-frequency antenna is nested and arrayed, and can realize the miniaturization of the antenna size.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a low-frequency radiation unit, comprising a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a feeding balun, the radiator containing two orthogonally distributed dipoles, radiation arms of the two dipoles being respectively formed by a vertical line and a horizontal line and forming a cross-shaped line together, tail ends of the vertical line and the horizontal line being connected by means of a circular arc line, and a plurality of bent lines being provided in the middle of the circular arc line; and the feeding balun being of an orthogonal structure, the bottom of the feeding balun being connected to a feeding network, and the top of the feeding balun being connected to the radiator. The present invention also provides a base station antenna, which is formed by a plurality of low-frequency radiation units nested into the middle of a plurality of high-frequency radiation units. Thus, the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention has a filtering function, can effectively reduce the effect of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation performance when a high-frequency antenna and a low-frequency antenna are nested in an array, and can implement miniaturization of the antenna.

Description

低频辐射单元及基站天线Low frequency radiation unit and base station antenna 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种低频辐射单元及基站天线。The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna.
背景技术Background technique
随着无线通信快速发展，频谱数量不断增加，基站规模及数量不断增加，站点困难、安装不便等问题日益显现。基站天线作为无线接入关键设备，多频多系统及小型化成为其主要发展方向。多频天线的低频段可以包括GSM900频带，其工作在880～960MHz，低频段还可包括工作于790～880MHz的800M频带、694～790Mhz的700M频带。多频天线的高频段可以包括工作于1710～1880MHz的GSM1800频带、工作频率1920～2170MHz的UMTS频带、工作频率2500～2700MHz的LTE2600频带以及工作在3.3～3.8G的TDD 3.5G频带。With the rapid development of wireless communications, the number of spectrums is increasing, the scale and number of base stations are increasing, and problems such as site difficulties and installation inconvenience are becoming increasingly apparent. As the key equipment of wireless access, base station antenna, multi-frequency multi-system and miniaturization have become its main development directions. The low frequency band of the multi-frequency antenna may include the GSM900 frequency band, which operates at 880-960MHz, and the low frequency band may also include the 800M frequency band that operates at 790-880MHz, and the 700M frequency band that operates at 694-790Mhz. The high frequency band of the multi-frequency antenna can include the GSM1800 frequency band operating at 1710-1880MHz, the UMTS frequency band operating at 1920-2170MHz, the LTE2600 frequency band operating at 2500-2700MHz, and the TDD 3.5G frequency band operating at 3.3-3.8G.
由于站点资源紧张，要求上述多频多系统天线必须实现小型化，一副天线实现所有频带，且尺寸不能大幅增加。但是上述天线在实现上存在困难，不同频段的辐射单元之间存在严重耦合干扰，会造成辐射性能恶化，严重影响网络性能，其中影响比较明显的为低频段辐射单元对高频辐射性能的干扰。现有技术多采用十字振子进行嵌套组阵，但是存在尺寸偏大及馈电复杂等问题，且成本偏高。Due to the shortage of site resources, it is required that the above-mentioned multi-frequency and multi-system antennas must be miniaturized, one antenna can achieve all frequency bands, and the size cannot be greatly increased. However, the above-mentioned antennas are difficult to implement. There is severe coupling interference between radiating units in different frequency bands, which will cause the radiation performance to deteriorate and seriously affect the network performance. The most obvious impact is the interference of low-frequency radiating units on high-frequency radiation performance. In the prior art, cross vibrators are mostly used to form nested arrays, but there are problems such as large size, complicated feeding, and high cost.
综上可知，现有技术在实际使用上显然存在不便与缺陷，所以有必要加以改进。To sum up, the prior art obviously has inconvenience and defects in practical use, so it is necessary to improve it.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种低频辐射单元及基站天线，所述低频辐射单元具有滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，并且能够实现天线尺寸小型化。In view of the above-mentioned defects, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna. The low-frequency radiation unit has a filtering function, and can effectively reduce the high-frequency radiation performance of the low-frequency radiation unit when the high- and low-frequency antennas are nested and arrayed. and can realize the miniaturization of the antenna size.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种低频辐射单元，包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦；所述辐射体包含两个正交分布的偶极子，分别在所述介质基板的±45°方向上分布放置，两个所述偶极子的辐射臂分别由垂直线路和水平线路组成并共同构成十字形线路，所述垂直线路和所述水平线路的末端通过圆弧 线路连接，所述圆弧线路中间设有多段弯折线路；所述馈电巴伦呈正交结构，所述馈电巴伦的底部连接馈电网络，所述馈电巴伦的顶部连接所述辐射体。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a low-frequency radiation unit, comprising a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a feeding balun; the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, which are respectively at ±45° of the dielectric substrate. Distributed in the ° direction, the radiating arms of the two dipoles are respectively composed of vertical lines and horizontal lines, and together form a cross-shaped line, the ends of the vertical lines and the horizontal lines are connected by a circular arc line, and the A plurality of bent lines are arranged in the middle of the arc line; the feeding balun is in an orthogonal structure, the bottom of the feeding balun is connected to the feeding network, and the top of the feeding balun is connected to the radiator.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述弯折线路包括两条纵向线段和一条横向线段，两条所述纵向线段的上端分别与圆弧线路连接，两个所述纵向线段的下端分别与所述横向线段的两端连接；所述弯折线路等效为LC并联电路，所述弯折线路本身等效为电感结构，所述弯折线路的两条所述纵向线段之间的缝隙等效为电容结构。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the bending line includes two longitudinal line segments and one transverse line segment, the upper ends of the two longitudinal line segments are respectively connected to the circular arc line, and the lower ends of the two longitudinal line segments are respectively connected to the circular arc line. Both ends of the horizontal line segment are connected; the bent line is equivalent to an LC parallel circuit, the bent line itself is equivalent to an inductive structure, the gap between the two longitudinal line segments of the bent line, etc. The effect is a capacitive structure.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述弯折线路的口径小于所述圆弧线路的口径。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the diameter of the bent line is smaller than the diameter of the arc line.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述辐射臂的所述垂直线路和所述水平线路的长度相等，且长度均为0.15～0.2λ，所述λ为所述低频辐射单元的工作频段的波长。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the vertical line and the horizontal line of the radiation arm have the same length, and the lengths are both 0.15-0.2λ, and the λ is the working frequency of the low-frequency radiation unit. wavelength.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述馈电巴伦由两个正交组合的线路板构成，每个所述线路板包括有介质片，所述介质片的正面分布设有馈电线路，所述介质片的背面覆盖设有地面；所述馈电线路与所述地面耦合连接，所述馈电线路的底部连接所述馈电网络，所述馈电线路的顶部与所述辐射体馈电连接。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the feeding balun is composed of two orthogonally combined circuit boards, each of the circuit boards includes a dielectric sheet, and the front surface of the dielectric sheet is distributed with feeding lines , the back of the dielectric sheet is covered with ground; the feed line is coupled and connected to the ground, the bottom of the feed line is connected to the feed network, and the top of the feed line is connected to the radiator Feed connection.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，还包括有位于所述馈电巴伦底部的接地片；The low-frequency radiation unit according to the present invention further comprises a grounding plate located at the bottom of the feeding balun;
所述地面的底部与所述接地片连接，所述地面的顶部与所述辐射体馈电连接。The bottom of the ground is connected to the ground plate, and the top of the ground is connected to the radiator for feeding.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述接地片包括接地介质片以及所述接地介质片背部的接地层，所述馈电巴伦的所述地面的底部穿过所述接地介质片并与所述接地层连接。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the grounding sheet includes a grounding dielectric sheet and a grounding layer on the back of the grounding dielectric sheet, and the bottom of the ground of the feeding balun passes through the grounding dielectric sheet and is connected to the grounding dielectric sheet. The ground plane is connected.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述线路板包括第一线路板和第二线路板，所述第一线路板上设有第一嵌合槽，所述第二线路板上设有第二嵌合槽；所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板分别通过所述第一嵌合槽和所述第二嵌合槽相互嵌合成正交结构。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the circuit board includes a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board is provided with a first fitting groove, and the second circuit board is provided with a first fitting groove. Two fitting grooves; the first circuit board and the second circuit board are respectively fitted into an orthogonal structure through the first fitting groove and the second fitting groove.
本发明还提供一种基站天线，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个高频辐射单元和多个如任一项所述的低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元嵌套插入所述高频辐射单元的中间。The present invention also provides a base station antenna, comprising a reflector, a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units according to any one of the above are distributed on the reflector, and the low-frequency radiation units are nested and inserted the middle of the high-frequency radiation unit.
根据本发明所述的基站天线，多个所述低频辐射单元组成至少一列低频线阵，多个所述高频辐射单元组成至少一列高频线阵；所述低频线阵嵌套插入所述高频线阵的中间；和/或According to the base station antenna of the present invention, a plurality of the low-frequency radiation units form at least one column of low-frequency linear arrays, and a plurality of the high-frequency radiation units form at least one column of high-frequency linear arrays; the low-frequency linear arrays are nested and inserted into the high-frequency linear arrays. the middle of the frequency line array; and/or
相邻两个所述高频辐射单元之间的第一间距为0.8～1λ，相邻两个所述低频辐射单元之间的第二间距为0.7～0.9λ，且所述第一间距和所述第二间距的比值为1/2，所述λ为所述低频辐射单元的工作频段的波长。The first spacing between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units is 0.8-1λ, the second spacing between two adjacent low-frequency radiation units is 0.7-0.9λ, and the first spacing and all The ratio of the second spacing is 1/2, and the λ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the low-frequency radiation unit.
本发明低频辐射单元包括介质基板、位于介质基板上的辐射体和位于辐射体下的馈电巴伦；辐射体包含两个正交分布的偶极子，馈电巴伦也对应呈正交结构；两个偶极子的辐射臂分别由垂直线路和水平线路组成并共同构成十字形线路，垂直线路和水平线路的末端通过圆弧线路连接，所述圆弧线路可作为十字形线路的电流延伸路径，能够有效提升单元增益，在增益不变的情况下缩小口径，可以用于实现天线小型化。并且，所述圆弧线路中间设有多段弯折线路，所述弯折线路可实现对高频感应电流的抑制作用，能够有效降低对高频辐射单元的辐射性能的影响。借此，本发明低频辐射单元具有滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，并且能够实现天线尺寸小型化。The low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator located on the dielectric substrate, and a feed balun located under the radiator; the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, and the feed balun also has an orthogonal structure. The radiating arms of the two dipoles are respectively composed of vertical lines and horizontal lines and together form a cross-shaped line. The ends of the vertical line and the horizontal line are connected by a circular arc line, and the circular arc line can be used as the current extension of the cross-shaped line. The path can effectively improve the unit gain and reduce the aperture when the gain remains unchanged, which can be used to realize the miniaturization of the antenna. In addition, a plurality of sections of bending lines are arranged in the middle of the arc line, and the bending lines can realize the inhibition effect on the high-frequency induced current, and can effectively reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the high-frequency radiation unit. Thereby, the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention has a filtering function, and can effectively reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation performance when the high-frequency antenna is nested and arrayed, and can realize the miniaturization of the antenna size.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明优选低频辐射单元的立体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图2为本发明优选低频辐射单元的辐射体的正面结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the front structure schematic diagram of the radiator of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图3A为本发明优选辐射体的十字形线路的正面结构示意图；3A is a schematic front view of the cross-shaped circuit of the preferred radiator of the present invention;
图3B为本发明优选辐射体的圆弧线路的正面结构示意图；3B is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the arc line of the preferred radiator of the present invention;
图4A为本发明优选辐射体的圆弧线路局部结构的放大示意图；4A is an enlarged schematic view of a partial structure of a circular arc line of a preferred radiator of the present invention;
图4B为图4A所示圆弧线路局部结构的等效电路图；4B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the partial structure of the circular arc line shown in FIG. 4A;
图5A为本发明优选辐射单元的馈电巴伦的立体结构示意图；5A is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a feeding balun of a preferred radiation unit of the present invention;
图5B为本发明优选馈电巴伦的第一线路板的正面结构示意图；5B is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the first circuit board of the preferred feeding balun of the present invention;
图5C为本发明优选馈电巴伦的第二线路板的正面结构示意图；5C is a schematic front view of the second circuit board of the preferred feeding balun of the present invention;
图5D为本发明优选馈电巴伦的第二线路板的背面结构示意图；5D is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the second circuit board of the preferred feeding balun of the present invention;
图6为本发明优选基站天线的立体结构示意图；FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a preferred base station antenna of the present invention;
图7为本发明优选基站天线的正面结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the preferred base station antenna of the present invention.
附图标记：Reference number:
低频辐射单元100；     介质基板10；       辐射体20；low frequency radiation unit 100; dielectric substrate 10; radiator 20;
垂直线路21；          水平线路22；       圆弧线路23； Vertical line 21; Horizontal line 22; Arc line 23;
弯折线路24；          纵向线段241；      横向线段242； Bending line 24; Longitudinal line segment 241; Horizontal line segment 242;
馈电巴伦30；          介质片31；         馈电线路32； Feed balun 30; Dielectric sheet 31; Feed line 32;
地面33；              第一线路板310；    第一嵌合槽311；The ground 33; The first circuit board 310; The first fitting groove 311;
第二线路板320；       第二嵌合槽321；    接地片40；The second circuit board 320; the second fitting groove 321; the grounding sheet 40;
基站天线200；         反射板300；        高频辐射单元400。 Base station antenna 200; Reflector 300; High frequency radiation unit 400.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
需要说明的，本说明书中针对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“示例实施例”等的引用，指的是描述的该实施例可包括特定的特征、结构或特性，但是不是每个实施例必须包含这些特定特征、结构或特性。此外，这样的表述并非指的是同一个实施例。进一步，在结合实施例描述特定的特征、结构或特性时，不管有没有明确的描述，已经表明将这样的特征、结构或特性结合到其它实施例中是在本领域技术人员的知识范围内的。It should be noted that references in this specification to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "example embodiment", etc., mean that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every Embodiments must contain these specific features, structures or characteristics. Furthermore, such expressions are not referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, whether or not explicitly described, it has been shown that it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to incorporate such feature, structure or characteristic into other embodiments .
此外，在说明书及后续的权利要求当中使用了某些词汇来指称特定组件或部件，所属领域中具有通常知识者应可理解，制造商可以用不同的名词或术语来称呼同一个组件或部件。本说明书及后续的权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件或部件的方式，而是以组件或部件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。在通篇说明书及后续的权利要求书中所提及的“包括”和“包含”为一开放式的用语，故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。以外，“连接”一词在此系包含任何直接及间接的电性连接手段。间接的电性连接手段包括通过其它装置进行连接。In addition, certain terms are used in the description and the following claims to refer to specific components or components, and it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that manufacturers may use different terms or terms to refer to the same component or component. The present specification and the following claims do not use differences in names as a way of distinguishing components or parts, but use differences in functions of the components or parts as a criterion for distinguishing. References to "including" and "comprising" throughout the specification and subsequent claims are open-ended terms and should be interpreted as "including but not limited to". Otherwise, the term "connected" herein includes any direct and indirect means of electrical connection. Indirect electrical connection means include connection through other means.
图1～图5示出了本发明低频辐射单元100的优选结构，所述低频辐射单元100包括介质基板10、位于介质基板10上的辐射体20以及位于辐射体20下方 的馈电巴伦30。辐射体20(或称振子)包含两个正交分布的偶极子，分别在介质基板10的±45°方向上分布放置，形成±45°两个极化，构成双极化辐射单元。所述两个偶极子的辐射臂分别由垂直线路21和水平线路22组成并共同构成十字形线路，垂直线路21和水平线路22的末端通过圆弧线路23连接，所述圆弧线路23可作为十字形线路的电流延伸路径，能够有效提升单元增益，在增益不变的情况下缩小口径，可以用于实现天线小型化。所述圆弧线路23中间设有多段弯折线路24，所述弯折线路24可实现对高频感应电流的抑制作用，能够有效降低对高频辐射单元的辐射性能的影响。所述馈电巴伦30呈正交结构，馈电巴伦30的底部连接馈电网络，馈电巴伦30的顶部连接辐射体20，即馈电巴伦30的顶部与辐射体20馈电连接。1 to 5 show the preferred structure of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention. The low-frequency radiation unit 100 includes a dielectric substrate 10 , a radiator 20 located on the dielectric substrate 10 , and a feeding balun 30 located below the radiator 20 . . The radiator 20 (or vibrator) includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, which are distributed and placed in the ±45° direction of the dielectric substrate 10 respectively to form two polarizations of ±45°, forming a dual-polarized radiation unit. The radiation arms of the two dipoles are respectively composed of a vertical line 21 and a horizontal line 22 and together form a cross-shaped line. The ends of the vertical line 21 and the horizontal line 22 are connected by a circular arc line 23, and the circular arc line 23 can be As the current extension path of the cross-shaped line, the unit gain can be effectively improved, and the aperture can be reduced when the gain remains unchanged, which can be used to realize the miniaturization of the antenna. A plurality of bending lines 24 are arranged in the middle of the arc line 23. The bending lines 24 can suppress the high frequency induced current and can effectively reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the high frequency radiation unit. The feeding balun 30 has an orthogonal structure, the bottom of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the feeding network, and the top of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the radiator 20 , that is, the top of the feeding balun 30 is fed with the radiator 20 connect.
本发明低频辐射单元100在高低频天线嵌套组阵的基站天线中，能够有效降低对高频辐射单元的辐射性能的影响，实现低频辐射单元100对高频信号的滤波功能，并且可实现天线尺寸小型化。The low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention can effectively reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna in which the high- and low-frequency antennas are nested, realize the filtering function of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 on high-frequency signals, and can realize the antenna Small size.
如图2和图3A所示，所述辐射体20的两组偶极子的辐射臂中间线路构成十字形线路，如图2和图3B所示，所述辐射体20的两组偶极子辐射臂末端线路构成圆弧线路。圆弧线路可作为中间十字形线路的电流延伸路径，可有效提升单元增益，同时能够扩宽低频辐射单元100的阻抗带宽，改善驻波比。As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3A , the middle lines of the radiation arms of the two groups of dipoles of the radiator 20 form a cross-shaped line. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3B , the two groups of dipoles of the radiator 20 The line at the end of the radiating arm forms a circular arc line. The arc line can be used as the current extension path of the middle cross-shaped line, which can effectively improve the unit gain, and at the same time, can widen the impedance bandwidth of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 and improve the standing wave ratio.
如图4A和图4B所示，所述圆弧线路23中间设有多段较细的弯折线路24，即所述弯折线路24的口径小于圆弧线路23的口径。实现对高频感应电流的抑制作用，能够有效降低对高频单元辐射性能的影响。相比传统十字型振子，该结构可以在增益不变的情况下缩小口径，可用于实现天线小型化。As shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B , the circular arc line 23 is provided with a plurality of relatively thin bending lines 24 , that is, the diameter of the bending line 24 is smaller than the diameter of the circular arc line 23 . The suppression of the high-frequency induced current can be realized, and the influence on the radiation performance of the high-frequency unit can be effectively reduced. Compared with the traditional cross-type vibrator, the structure can reduce the aperture under the condition of constant gain, which can be used to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
如图4A和图4B所示，所述辐射体20的弯折线路24优选包括两条纵向线段241和一条横向线段242，两条纵向线段241的上端分别与圆弧线路23连接，两个纵向线段241的下端分别与横向线段242的两端连接，即两条纵向线段241和一条横向线段242共同形成U型的弯折线路24。所述弯折线路24等效为LC并联电路25，弯折线路24本身等效为电感结构L，弯折线路24的两条纵向线段241之间的缝隙等效为电容结构C。所述LC并联电路25对高频呈现谐振，使得高频信号在此处形成开路，使得低频辐射单元100具有对高频的滤波功能，从而有效抑制高频电流，降低对高频辐射性能影响。As shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B , the bending line 24 of the radiator 20 preferably includes two longitudinal line segments 241 and one transverse line segment 242 , the upper ends of the two longitudinal line segments 241 are respectively connected with the circular arc line 23 , and the two longitudinal The lower ends of the line segments 241 are respectively connected with both ends of the transverse line segments 242 , that is, the two longitudinal line segments 241 and one transverse line segment 242 together form the U-shaped bending line 24 . The bent line 24 is equivalent to an LC parallel circuit 25 , the bent line 24 itself is equivalent to an inductance structure L, and the gap between the two longitudinal line segments 241 of the bent line 24 is equivalent to a capacitance structure C. The LC parallel circuit 25 exhibits resonance to high frequencies, so that the high-frequency signal forms an open circuit here, so that the low-frequency radiation unit 100 has a filtering function for high frequencies, thereby effectively suppressing high-frequency current and reducing the impact on high-frequency radiation performance.
优选的是，所述辐射臂的垂直线路21和水平线路22的长度相等，且长度 均为0.15～0.2λ，λ为低频辐射单元100的工作频段的波长。所述辐射臂的垂直线路21和水平线路22成直角形构成45度极化。Preferably, the lengths of the vertical line 21 and the horizontal line 22 of the radiation arm are equal, and the lengths are both 0.15-0.2λ, where λ is the wavelength of the operating frequency band of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 . The vertical line 21 and the horizontal line 22 of the radiation arm form a right angle to form a 45-degree polarization.
如图5A～图5D示出了本发明优选低频辐射单元的馈电巴伦的结构，所述馈电巴伦30优选由两个正交组合的线路板310和320构成，每个线路板310和320分别包括有介质片31，介质片31的正面分布设有馈电线路32，介质片31的背面覆盖设有地面33。优选的是，所述馈电线路32为微带线路。馈电线路32与地面33耦合连接，馈电线路32的底部连接馈电网络，馈电线路32的顶部与辐射体20馈电连接。辐射体20的每个偶极子各有一个馈电巴伦30，馈电巴伦30的顶部优选通过馈电探针通过耦合方式给每个偶极子馈电。5A to 5D show the structure of the feeding balun of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the feeding balun 30 is preferably composed of two orthogonally combined circuit boards 310 and 320, each circuit board 310 and 320 respectively include a dielectric sheet 31 , the front surface of the dielectric sheet 31 is distributed with feeding lines 32 , and the back surface of the dielectric sheet 31 is covered with a ground 33 . Preferably, the feed line 32 is a microstrip line. The feed line 32 is coupled and connected to the ground 33 , the bottom of the feed line 32 is connected to the feed network, and the top of the feed line 32 is connected to the radiator 20 for feed. Each dipole of the radiator 20 has a feeding balun 30, and the top of the feeding balun 30 preferably feeds each dipole by coupling through a feeding probe.
优选的是，所述线路板包括第一线路板310和第二线路板320，优选采用PCB线路板。第一线路板310上设有第一嵌合槽311，第二线路板320上设有第二嵌合槽321。第一线路板310和第二线路板320分别通过第一嵌合槽311和第二嵌合槽321相互嵌合成正交结构。第一线路板310和第二线路板320分别对应一个偶极子。Preferably, the circuit board includes a first circuit board 310 and a second circuit board 320, preferably a PCB circuit board. The first circuit board 310 is provided with a first fitting groove 311 , and the second circuit board 320 is provided with a second fitting groove 321 . The first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 are respectively fitted into an orthogonal structure through the first fitting groove 311 and the second fitting groove 321 . The first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 respectively correspond to one dipole.
如图1所示，所述低频辐射单元100还包括有位于馈电巴伦30底部的接地片40。地面33的底部与接地片40连接，地面33的顶部与辐射体20馈电连接，即地面33的顶部与介质片31一起穿过辐射臂的基板，分别与低频辐射单元100的两个辐射臂连接馈电。As shown in FIG. 1 , the low-frequency radiation unit 100 further includes a grounding plate 40 located at the bottom of the feeding balun 30 . The bottom of the ground 33 is connected to the grounding sheet 40, and the top of the ground 33 is connected to the radiator 20 for feeding, that is, the top of the ground 33 and the dielectric sheet 31 pass through the substrate of the radiating arm, and are respectively connected with the two radiating arms of the low-frequency radiation unit 100. Connect the feed.
优选的是，接地片40包括接地介质片以及接地介质片背部的接地层，馈电巴伦30的地面33的底部穿过接地介质片并与接地层连接，形成共地结构。Preferably, the grounding sheet 40 includes a grounding dielectric sheet and a grounding layer on the back of the grounding dielectric sheet, and the bottom of the ground 33 of the feeding balun 30 passes through the grounding dielectric sheet and is connected to the grounding layer to form a common ground structure.
如图5B～图5C所示，所述第一线路板310的顶部设有至少两个第一上凸片，第二线路板320的顶部设有至少两个第二上凸片，辐射体20上对应设有至少四个上开槽，第一线路板310和第二线路板320分别通过第一上凸片和第二上凸片卡接于辐射体20的上开槽处，从而实现馈电连接。As shown in FIGS. 5B to 5C , the top of the first circuit board 310 is provided with at least two first upper tabs, the top of the second circuit board 320 is provided with at least two second upper tabs, and the radiator 20 At least four upper slots are correspondingly provided on the top, and the first circuit board 310 and the second circuit board 320 are respectively clamped to the upper slots of the radiator 20 through the first upper tab and the second upper tab, so as to realize the feeding electrical connection.
如图5B～图5C所示，所述第一线路板310的底部设有至少两个第一下凸片。第二线路板320的底部设有至少两个第二下凸片，接地片40对应设有至少四个下开槽，第一线路板和第二线路板分别通过第一下凸片和第二下凸片卡接于接地片的下开槽处，从而实现接地与馈电连接。As shown in FIGS. 5B to 5C , the bottom of the first circuit board 310 is provided with at least two first lower tabs. The bottom of the second circuit board 320 is provided with at least two second lower tabs, the grounding sheet 40 is correspondingly provided with at least four lower slots, and the first circuit board and the second circuit board pass through the first lower tab and the second The lower protruding piece is clamped at the lower slot of the grounding piece, so as to realize the connection of grounding and feeding.
图6～图7示出了是本发明优选基站天线的结构，所述基站天线100采用如上述图1～图5所示的低频辐射单元100。具体而言，所述基站天线200包括有 反射板300，反射板300上分布设有多个高频辐射单元400和多个所述低频辐射单元100，低频辐射单元100嵌套插入高频辐射单元400的中间。6 to 7 show the preferred structure of the base station antenna of the present invention, and the base station antenna 100 adopts the low frequency radiation unit 100 shown in the above-mentioned FIGS. 1 to 5 . Specifically, the base station antenna 200 includes a reflector 300 on which a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 400 and a plurality of the low-frequency radiation units 100 are distributed, and the low-frequency radiation units 100 are nested and inserted into the high-frequency radiation units In the middle of 400.
优选的是，多个低频辐射单元100组成至少一列低频线阵，多个高频辐射单元400组成至少一列高频线阵，低频线阵嵌套插入高频线阵的中间。本实施例中，所述基站天线200包括两列低频线阵以及四列高频线阵组成的嵌套阵列天线，两列低频线阵嵌套插入到四列高频线阵中间。需提醒的是，本发明基站天线100的高频线阵和低频线阵的列数不限，可以根据实际需要任意设定。Preferably, multiple low frequency radiation units 100 form at least one column of low frequency line arrays, multiple high frequency radiation units 400 form at least one column of high frequency line arrays, and the low frequency line arrays are nested and inserted in the middle of the high frequency line arrays. In this embodiment, the base station antenna 200 includes a nested array antenna composed of two columns of low-frequency linear arrays and four columns of high-frequency linear arrays, and the two columns of low-frequency linear arrays are nested and inserted into the middle of the four columns of high-frequency linear arrays. It should be reminded that the number of columns of the high-frequency linear array and the low-frequency linear array of the base station antenna 100 of the present invention is not limited, and can be arbitrarily set according to actual needs.
优选的是，多相邻两个高频辐射单元400之间的第一间距为0.8～1λ，相邻两个低频辐射单元100之间的第二间距为0.7～0.9λ，λ为低频辐射单元100的工作频段的波长；且第一间距和第二间距的比值为1/2，即高频辐射单元400、低频辐射单元100的间距为1:2关系。Preferably, the first distance between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units 400 is 0.8-1λ, the second distance between two adjacent low-frequency radiation units 100 is 0.7-0.9λ, and λ is the low-frequency radiation unit and the ratio of the first spacing to the second spacing is 1/2, that is, the spacing between the high-frequency radiation unit 400 and the low-frequency radiation unit 100 is in a 1:2 relationship.
本发明基站天线200在不改变天线尺寸的基础上，成功将低频线阵嵌套插入高频线阵，所述低频辐射单元100具有滤波特性，对高频辐射单元400的干扰小，高频性能无明显下降，从而可降低对高频辐射单元400的辐射性能的影响，丙实现多频天线小型化。The base station antenna 200 of the present invention successfully inserts the low-frequency linear array into the high-frequency linear array without changing the size of the antenna. There is no obvious decrease, so that the influence on the radiation performance of the high-frequency radiation unit 400 can be reduced, and the miniaturization of the multi-frequency antenna can be realized.
综上所述，本发明低频辐射单元包括介质基板、位于介质基板上的辐射体和位于辐射体下的馈电巴伦；辐射体包含两个正交分布的偶极子，馈电巴伦也对应呈正交结构；两个偶极子的辐射臂分别由垂直线路和水平线路组成并共同构成十字形线路，垂直线路和水平线路的末端通过圆弧线路连接，所述圆弧线路可作为十字形线路的电流延伸路径，能够有效提升单元增益，在增益不变的情况下缩小口径，可以用于实现天线小型化。并且，所述圆弧线路中间设有多段弯折线路，所述弯折线路可实现对高频感应电流的抑制作用，能够有效降低对高频辐射单元的辐射性能的影响。借此，本发明低频辐射单元具有滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，并且能够实现天线尺寸小型化。To sum up, the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator located on the dielectric substrate, and a feed balun located under the radiator; the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, and the feed balun also Correspondingly, the structure is orthogonal; the radiating arms of the two dipoles are respectively composed of vertical lines and horizontal lines and together form a cross-shaped line. The ends of the vertical lines and the horizontal lines are connected by circular arc lines, and the circular arc lines can be used as ten The current extension path of the zigzag line can effectively improve the unit gain and reduce the aperture when the gain remains unchanged, which can be used to realize the miniaturization of the antenna. In addition, a plurality of sections of bending lines are arranged in the middle of the arc line, and the bending lines can realize the inhibition effect on the high-frequency induced current, and can effectively reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the high-frequency radiation unit. Thereby, the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention has a filtering function, and can effectively reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation performance when the high-frequency antenna is nested and arrayed, and can realize the miniaturization of the antenna size.
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。Of course, the present invention can also have other various embodiments, without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding Changes and deformations should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低频辐射单元，其特征在于，包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦；所述辐射体包含两个正交分布的偶极子，分别在所述介质基板的±45°方向上分布放置，两个所述偶极子的辐射臂分别由垂直线路和水平线路组成并共同构成十字形线路，所述垂直线路和所述水平线路的末端通过圆弧线路连接，所述圆弧线路中间设有多段弯折线路；所述馈电巴伦呈正交结构，所述馈电巴伦的底部连接馈电网络，所述馈电巴伦的顶部连接所述辐射体。A low-frequency radiation unit, characterized in that it includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a feeding balun; the radiator includes two orthogonally distributed dipoles, which are respectively distributed in the ±45° direction of the dielectric substrate Placed, the radiating arms of the two dipoles are respectively composed of vertical lines and horizontal lines and together form a cross-shaped line, the ends of the vertical lines and the horizontal lines are connected by a circular arc line, and the middle of the circular arc line is A plurality of bent lines are provided; the feeding balun is in an orthogonal structure, the bottom of the feeding balun is connected to the feeding network, and the top of the feeding balun is connected to the radiator.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述弯折线路包括两条纵向线段和一条横向线段，两条所述纵向线段的上端分别与圆弧线路连接，两个所述纵向线段的下端分别与所述横向线段的两端连接；所述弯折线路等效为LC并联电路，所述弯折线路本身等效为电感结构，所述弯折线路的两条所述纵向线段之间的缝隙等效为电容结构。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 1, wherein the bending line comprises two longitudinal line segments and one transverse line segment, the upper ends of the two longitudinal line segments are respectively connected with the circular arc line, and the two longitudinal line segments are respectively connected to the circular arc line. The lower ends of the line segments are respectively connected with both ends of the transverse line segments; the bent line is equivalent to an LC parallel circuit, the bent line itself is equivalent to an inductance structure, and the two longitudinal line segments of the bent line The gap between them is equivalent to a capacitor structure.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述弯折线路的口径小于所述圆弧线路的口径。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of the bent line is smaller than the diameter of the arc line.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述辐射臂的所述垂直线路和所述水平线路的长度相等，且长度均为0.15～0.2λ，所述λ为所述低频辐射单元的工作频段的波长。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 2, wherein the vertical line and the horizontal line of the radiation arm have the same length, and the lengths are both 0.15-0.2λ, and the λ is the low-frequency radiation The wavelength of the operating frequency band of the unit.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电巴伦由两个正交组合的线路板构成，每个所述线路板包括有介质片，所述介质片的正面分布设有馈电线路，所述介质片的背面覆盖设有地面；所述馈电线路与所述地面耦合连接，所述馈电线路的底部连接所述馈电网络，所述馈电线路的顶部与所述辐射体馈电连接。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 1, wherein the feeding balun is composed of two orthogonally combined circuit boards, each of the circuit boards includes a dielectric sheet, and the front surface of the dielectric sheet is distributed A feeder line is provided, and the back of the dielectric sheet is covered with a ground; the feeder line is coupled and connected to the ground, the bottom of the feeder line is connected to the feeder network, and the top of the feeder line is connected to the feeder network. connected to the radiator feed.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，还包括有位于所述馈电巴伦底部的接地片；The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 5, further comprising a grounding plate located at the bottom of the feeding balun;
    所述地面的底部与所述接地片连接，所述地面的顶部与所述辐射体馈电连接。The bottom of the ground is connected to the ground plate, and the top of the ground is connected to the radiator for feeding.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述接地片包括接地介质片以及所述接地介质片背部的接地层，所述馈电巴伦的所述地面的底部穿过所述接地介质片并与所述接地层连接。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 6, wherein the grounding sheet comprises a grounding dielectric sheet and a grounding layer on the back of the grounding dielectric sheet, and the bottom of the ground of the feeding balun passes through the The ground dielectric sheet is connected to the ground layer.
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述线路板包括第 一线路板和第二线路板，所述第一线路板上设有第一嵌合槽，所述第二线路板上设有第二嵌合槽；所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板分别通过所述第一嵌合槽和所述第二嵌合槽相互嵌合成正交结构。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 5, wherein the circuit board comprises a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board is provided with a first fitting groove, and the second circuit board is provided with a first fitting groove. The board is provided with a second fitting groove; the first circuit board and the second circuit board are respectively fitted into an orthogonal structure through the first fitting groove and the second fitting groove.
  9. 一种基站天线，其特征在于，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个高频辐射单元和多个如权利要求1～8任一项所述的低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元嵌套插入所述高频辐射单元的中间。A base station antenna, characterized in that it includes a reflector, and the reflector is distributed with a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the low-frequency radiation units The radiating element is nested and inserted in the middle of the high-frequency radiating element.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的基站天线，其特征在于，多个所述低频辐射单元组成至少一列低频线阵，多个所述高频辐射单元组成至少一列高频线阵；所述低频线阵嵌套插入所述高频线阵的中间；和/或The base station antenna according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of the low-frequency radiation units form at least one column of low-frequency linear arrays, and a plurality of the high-frequency radiation units form at least one column of high-frequency linear arrays; the low-frequency linear arrays are embedded in a sleeve inserted into the middle of the high frequency line array; and/or
    相邻两个所述高频辐射单元之间的第一间距为0.8～1λ，相邻两个所述低频辐射单元之间的第二间距为0.7～0.9λ，且所述第一间距和所述第二间距的比值为1/2，所述λ为所述低频辐射单元的工作频段的波长。The first spacing between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units is 0.8-1λ, the second spacing between two adjacent low-frequency radiation units is 0.7-0.9λ, and the first spacing and all The ratio of the second spacing is 1/2, and the λ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the low-frequency radiation unit.
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