CN113708048A - Base station antenna and high-frequency radiation unit thereof - Google Patents

Base station antenna and high-frequency radiation unit thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113708048A
CN113708048A CN202010443566.7A CN202010443566A CN113708048A CN 113708048 A CN113708048 A CN 113708048A CN 202010443566 A CN202010443566 A CN 202010443566A CN 113708048 A CN113708048 A CN 113708048A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
frequency
feeding
radiation
frequency radiating
dielectric substrate
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Pending
Application number
CN202010443566.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郑之伦
贾飞飞
刘亮
余行阳
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Comba Telecom Technology Guangzhou Ltd
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Comba Telecom Technology Guangzhou Ltd
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Application filed by Comba Telecom Technology Guangzhou Ltd filed Critical Comba Telecom Technology Guangzhou Ltd
Priority to CN202010443566.7A priority Critical patent/CN113708048A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/141557 priority patent/WO2021232820A1/en
Publication of CN113708048A publication Critical patent/CN113708048A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Abstract

The invention provides a base station antenna and a high-frequency radiation unit thereof, wherein the high-frequency radiation unit comprises a feed balun, a dielectric substrate arranged at the top of the feed balun and two pairs of radiators which are polarized orthogonally and can be fed by the feed balun, the radiators comprise radiation pieces and decoupling circuits which are electrically connected with the radiation pieces and used for reducing low-frequency parasitic radiation, and the radiation pieces and the decoupling circuits are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate. The high-frequency radiating unit provided by the invention is provided with the decoupling circuit on the dielectric substrate, and the decoupling circuit can effectively inhibit the coupling signal of the low-frequency radiating unit adjacent to the high-frequency radiating unit and reduce parasitic radiation, so that the distance between the high-frequency radiating unit and the low-frequency radiating unit can be reduced on the premise of ensuring good low-frequency electrical performance, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized. Secondly, because the decoupling circuit and the radiation sheet are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the medium substrate, the structure is simple and compact, and the cost is favorably controlled.

Description

Base station antenna and high-frequency radiation unit thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to a high-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna adopting the high-frequency radiation unit.
Background
With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, under the current environment of coexistence of multiple networks, the number of base station antennas is required to be multiplied, and the problems of difficult location selection, inconvenient installation and the like of the base station antennas are increasingly manifested. In order to save the site and antenna feed resources, multi-frequency and miniaturization become the main development direction of the base station antenna.
However, in the multi-band antenna system, in order to meet the requirement of miniaturization, the array arrangement of different frequency bands is very compact, which results in the mutual coupling phenomenon. For example, a low-frequency radiating element may generate a certain excitation signal to its neighboring high-frequency radiating element, thereby generating parasitic radiation, resulting in an abnormal pattern of the low-frequency signal, and causing a sharp drop in performance of the low-frequency signal. In view of the above problem, the existing solutions generally increase the distance between the high and low frequency radiating elements, or design the radiating element with a complex structure to implement the decoupling function, which is not favorable for implementing the miniaturization of the antenna, and also increases the manufacturing cost of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a high-frequency radiating element which has a simple and compact structure and can effectively reduce low-frequency parasitic radiation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a base station antenna using the above high frequency radiating element.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
as a first aspect, the present invention relates to a high-frequency radiation unit, including a feeding balun and a dielectric substrate disposed on top of the feeding balun, and two pairs of radiators with orthogonal polarization and capable of being fed by the feeding balun, where the radiators include a radiation patch and a decoupling circuit electrically connected to the radiation patch for reducing low-frequency parasitic radiation, and the radiation patch and the decoupling circuit are disposed on two opposite sides of the dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the decoupling circuit includes a coupling pad equivalent to a capacitor and a transmission line equivalent to an inductor, and both ends of the transmission line are respectively connected to the coupling pad and the radiating patch.
Preferably, a connection hole for electrically connecting with the feed balun is formed in the center of the coupling disc.
Preferably, the radiation piece is arranged on the medium substrate close to one surface of the feed balun, the radiation piece is provided with an avoiding hole at the position of the connecting hole, and the diameter of the avoiding hole is larger than that of the connecting hole.
Further, the radiator further comprises a connecting wire arranged on the dielectric substrate and used for connecting the radiating sheet and the decoupling circuit.
Preferably, the height of the feed balun is 0.15-0.2 times of the wavelength of the center frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit.
Furthermore, the feed balun comprises a supporting seat, and a feed sheet and a feed column which are both arranged on the supporting seat, wherein the feed sheet is electrically connected with the radiation sheet, and the feed column is electrically connected with the decoupling circuit.
Preferably, the support seat is integrally formed.
Preferably, the radiating patch is disposed on a surface of the dielectric substrate close to the feed balun, the feed balun further includes a support pillar disposed on the support base and used for supporting the dielectric substrate, a diameter of the support pillar is larger than a diameter of the feed pillar, and the feed pillar is coaxially disposed at a top of the support pillar relative to the support pillar.
As a second aspect, the present invention also relates to a base station antenna, including a reflection plate, a low frequency radiation unit and the above high frequency radiation unit, both of which are disposed on the reflection plate.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the high-frequency radiating unit provided by the invention is provided with the decoupling circuit on the dielectric substrate, and the decoupling circuit can effectively inhibit the coupling signal of the low-frequency radiating unit adjacent to the high-frequency radiating unit and reduce parasitic radiation, so that the distance between the high-frequency radiating unit and the low-frequency radiating unit can be reduced on the premise of ensuring good low-frequency electrical performance, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized. Secondly, because the decoupling circuit and the radiation sheet are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the medium substrate, the structure is simple and compact, and the cost is favorably controlled.
2. In the high-frequency radiation unit provided by the invention, as the decoupling circuit is arranged to increase the equivalent electrical length of the feed balun, the height of the feed balun is 0.15-0.2 times of the central frequency wavelength of the high-frequency radiation unit, so that good impedance matching can be realized, while the height of the existing high-frequency radiation unit is generally one fourth of the central frequency wavelength, and the reduction of the height is more beneficial to realizing the miniaturization of the antenna.
3. In the high-frequency radiation unit provided by the invention, the decoupling circuit is arranged on the dielectric substrate, so that the structure of the feed balun can be greatly simplified, and the supporting seat of the feed balun can be integrally formed, thereby reducing welding spots, improving intermodulation stability and reducing production cost.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a perspective view of a high-frequency radiating unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of the high-frequency radiating unit shown in fig. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a radiation plate and a dielectric substrate in the high-frequency radiation unit shown in fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an assembly structure of a decoupling circuit and a dielectric substrate in the high-frequency radiating unit shown in fig. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing an assembled structure of radiators in the high-frequency radiating unit shown in fig. 1, in which solid lines indicate structures located on the front surface of a dielectric substrate, and dotted lines indicate structures located on the rear surface of the dielectric substrate;
fig. 6 is a graph showing simulation results of return loss and isolation of the high-frequency radiating unit shown in fig. 1;
fig. 7 is a directional diagram of a low frequency signal of a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a pattern diagram of a low frequency signal of a base station antenna using a conventional high frequency radiation unit.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
It will be understood by those within the art that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Fig. 1 to 8 collectively show a high-frequency radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which belongs to a dual-polarized broadband radiation unit, the operating frequency range of which is 1700MHz to 2690MHz, and the relative bandwidth of which is about 45%, the high-frequency radiation unit is used for radiation and reception of communication signals installed on a reflection plate of a base station antenna, the high-frequency radiation unit has a simple and compact structure, and can effectively reduce parasitic radiation to a low-frequency radiation unit adjacent thereto, and when the high-frequency radiation unit is applied to a base station antenna, the high-frequency radiation unit is beneficial to realizing antenna miniaturization and improving antenna performance.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-frequency radiation unit 1 includes a feeding balun 11, a dielectric substrate 12, and a radiator 13, where the dielectric substrate 12 is disposed on top of the feeding balun 11 and supported by the feeding balun 11, and two pairs of the radiators 13 are disposed, and are orthogonally disposed on the dielectric substrate 12 in polarization and are both used for radiating signals.
As shown in fig. 2, the feeding balun 11 includes a supporting base 111 and a feeding plate 112, the supporting base 111 is provided with a slot 1111 for embedding the feeding plate 112, the feeding plate 112 is embedded in the slot 1111 and electrically connected to the radiator 13, and the feeding plate 112 is used for feeding the radiator 13, and the feeding manner may be direct feeding or coupled feeding.
Further, two pairs of the radiators 13 are provided, two corresponding feed pieces 112 are provided, each pair of the radiators 13 is fed through one feed piece 112, and the intersection positions of the feed piece 112 and the other feed piece 112 are mutually avoided through a bent structure.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, fig. 3 shows a structure of the dielectric substrate 12 on a side close to the feeding balun 11, fig. 4 shows a structure of the dielectric substrate 12 on a side far from the feeding balun 11, and fig. 5 shows an assembly structure of the radiator 13 on both sides of the dielectric substrate 12. Each of the radiators 13 includes a radiation plate 131 and a decoupling circuit 132 electrically connected to the radiation plate 131, the decoupling circuit 132 is used for reducing low-frequency parasitic radiation, and the radiation plate 131 and the decoupling circuit 132 are respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the dielectric substrate 12.
Specifically, the decoupling circuit 132 includes a coupling pad 1321 equivalent to a capacitor and a transmission line 1322 equivalent to an inductor, both ends of the transmission line 1322 are respectively connected to the coupling pad 1321 and the radiating patch 131, that is, the decoupling circuit 132 is composed of a capacitor and an inductor which are arranged in parallel, and the radiating patch 131 is connected to the decoupling circuit 132, so that the coupling signal of the low-frequency radiating element adjacent to the high-frequency radiating element 1 can be suppressed, and the low-frequency parasitic radiation can be reduced. In addition, the decoupling circuit 132 and the radiating plate 131 are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate 12, so that the whole structure is simple and compact, the cost control is facilitated, and the antenna miniaturization is realized.
In practical applications, for radiation units with different structures and sizes and different arrangement structures in the antenna, parameters such as the size of the coupling plate 1321 and the length and width of the transmission line 1322 can be adjusted, so that the decoupling circuit 132 is better adapted to the high-frequency radiation unit 1, and low-frequency coupling signals can be effectively suppressed. The method can be specifically adjusted by combining a simulation test structure, so that the return loss and the isolation can reach preset values.
It should be understood that, in the present embodiment, the radiation patch 131 is disposed on a surface of the dielectric substrate 12 close to the feeding balun 11. In other embodiments, the radiation plate 131 may also be disposed on a surface of the dielectric substrate 12 away from the feeding balun 11, and correspondingly, the decoupling circuit 132 is disposed on a surface of the dielectric substrate 12 close to the feeding balun 11, and the radiation performance of the structure is equivalent to the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit 1 provided in this embodiment.
Preferably, a connection hole 1323 for electrically connecting with the feeding balun 11 is formed in the center of the coupling disc 1321, a through hole 121 is formed in a position of the dielectric substrate 12 corresponding to the connection hole 1323, an avoidance hole 1311 is formed in the position of the connection hole 1323 of the radiation piece 131, and a diameter of the avoidance hole 1311 is larger than that of the connection hole 1323.
As shown in fig. 2, the feeding balun 11 further includes a supporting pillar 113 and a feeding pillar 114 disposed on the supporting seat 111, a diameter of the supporting pillar 113 is larger than a diameter of the feeding pillar 114, a diameter of the supporting pillar 113 is smaller than a diameter of the avoiding hole 1311, the feeding pillar 114 is disposed at a top of the supporting pillar 113 coaxially with respect to the supporting pillar 113, four supporting pillars 113 and four feeding pillars 114 are disposed, and positions of the four supporting pillars 113 are arranged in a rectangular array. The dielectric substrate 12 abuts against the end face of the supporting column 113 and is supported on the supporting seat 111 by the supporting column 113, the feeding column 114 sequentially penetrates through the avoiding hole 1311, the through hole 121 and the connecting hole 1323 to be electrically connected with the coupling plate 1321, and the radiation piece 131 is insulated from the feeding column 114 through the avoiding hole 1311.
As shown in fig. 5, the radiator 13 further includes a connection line 133 disposed on the dielectric substrate 12 and used for connecting the radiation plate 131 with the decoupling circuit 132, the connection line 133 extends from the radiation plate 131, one end of the transmission line 1322 away from the coupling pad 1321 is connected to one end of the connection line 133 away from the radiation plate 131, and a metalized via hole for connecting through the dielectric substrate 12 is disposed at a connection position of the two.
Preferably, the height of the feeding balun 11 is 0.17 times the center frequency wavelength of the high-frequency radiating element 1, and the height of the existing high-frequency radiating element is generally one quarter of the center frequency wavelength. Due to the decoupling circuit 132, the equivalent electrical length of the feed balun 11 is increased, good impedance matching is still ensured after the height of the feed balun 11 is reduced, and the feed balun is not greatly affected by coupling with an adjacent low-frequency radiation unit when applied to a multi-frequency antenna, so that the miniaturization of the antenna is facilitated.
In other embodiments, the specific height of the feeding balun 11 can be adjusted between 0.15 and 0.2 times the wavelength of the center frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit 1 according to different parameter requirements.
Preferably, the supporting seat 111 is integrally formed, and may be made by die casting. Because the radiation sheet 132 and the decoupling circuit 132 are both disposed on the dielectric substrate 12, it is not necessary to provide a related circuit structure on the feeding balun 11, and the feeding balun 11 can be greatly simplified, so that the support seat 111 can be integrally formed, solder joints are reduced, intermodulation stability of the high-frequency radiation unit 1 is improved, and production cost can be reduced.
Fig. 6 shows simulation results of return loss and isolation of the high-frequency radiating element 1, where a line S11 and a line S22 show return loss of the high-frequency radiating element 1 in two polarization directions, and a line S21 shows isolation between the two polarization directions of the high-frequency radiating element 1. As can be seen from fig. 6, the return loss and the isolation of the high-frequency radiating unit 1 are both at normal levels, and the radiation performance can be better realized when the high-frequency radiating unit is applied to an antenna.
As a second aspect, the present invention further relates to a base station antenna (not shown, the same applies below), including a reflection plate, a low frequency radiation unit and the high frequency radiation unit 1, which are all disposed on the reflection plate, and since the structure of the high frequency radiation unit 1 is compact and can effectively reduce the parasitic radiation to the low frequency radiation unit adjacent to the high frequency radiation unit, the layout of the base station antenna can be more compact, and the miniaturization can be realized.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, fig. 7 shows a directional diagram of a low frequency signal when the base station antenna uses the high frequency radiating unit 1, and fig. 8 shows a directional diagram of a low frequency signal when the base station antenna uses an existing high frequency radiating unit. As shown in the figure, under the same compact layout, all parameters of the base station antenna provided by this embodiment all appear normal, and when the existing high-frequency radiating unit is adopted, the directional diagram of the base station antenna is obviously distorted, and the performance cannot be guaranteed.
In summary, the base station antenna provided in this embodiment adopts the high-frequency radiation unit 1, so that the coupling influence between high and low frequencies can be effectively avoided while realizing miniaturization, the electrical performance is ensured to be good, and the product competitiveness is improved.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-frequency radiation unit is characterized by comprising a feed balun, a dielectric substrate arranged on the top of the feed balun and two pairs of radiators which are orthogonal in polarization and can be fed by the feed balun, wherein each radiator comprises a radiation piece and a decoupling circuit electrically connected with the radiation piece and used for reducing low-frequency parasitic radiation, and the radiation piece and the decoupling circuit are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate.
2. The high-frequency radiating element according to claim 1, wherein the decoupling circuit comprises a coupling pad equivalent to a capacitor and a transmission line equivalent to an inductor, and both ends of the transmission line are connected to the coupling pad and the radiating patch, respectively.
3. The high-frequency radiating unit according to claim 2, wherein a connection hole for electrically connecting with the feed balun is formed at a center of the coupling plate.
4. The high-frequency radiating unit according to claim 3, wherein the radiating plate is disposed on a surface of the dielectric substrate close to the feeding balun, an avoiding hole is disposed at a position of the connecting hole of the radiating plate, and a diameter of the avoiding hole is larger than a diameter of the connecting hole.
5. The high-frequency radiating element according to claim 1, wherein the radiator further comprises a connecting line provided on the dielectric substrate for connecting the radiating patch to the decoupling circuit.
6. The high-frequency radiating element according to claim 1, wherein the height of the feed balun is 0.15 to 0.2 times the wavelength of the center frequency of the high-frequency radiating element.
7. The high-frequency radiating element according to claim 1, wherein the feeding balun includes a supporting base, a feeding plate and a feeding post, the feeding plate and the feeding post are both disposed on the supporting base, the feeding plate is electrically connected to the radiating plate, and the feeding post is electrically connected to the decoupling circuit.
8. The high-frequency radiating element according to claim 7, wherein the support base is integrally formed.
9. The high-frequency radiating element according to claim 7, wherein the radiating patch is disposed on a surface of the dielectric substrate close to the feeding balun, the feeding balun further includes a supporting pillar disposed on the supporting base and used for supporting the dielectric substrate, a diameter of the supporting pillar is larger than a diameter of the feeding pillar, and the feeding pillar is disposed coaxially with respect to the supporting pillar on a top of the supporting pillar.
10. A base station antenna comprising a reflector plate, a high frequency radiating element and a low frequency radiating element both provided on the reflector plate, wherein the high frequency radiating element is the high frequency radiating element according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202010443566.7A 2020-05-22 2020-05-22 Base station antenna and high-frequency radiation unit thereof Pending CN113708048A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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CN202010443566.7A CN113708048A (en) 2020-05-22 2020-05-22 Base station antenna and high-frequency radiation unit thereof
PCT/CN2020/141557 WO2021232820A1 (en) 2020-05-22 2020-12-30 Base station antenna and high-frequency radiation unit therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN114597646B (en) * 2022-04-11 2023-07-18 湖南迈克森伟电子科技有限公司 Radiation unit
CN116995411A (en) * 2022-04-24 2023-11-03 华为技术有限公司 Antenna, communication equipment and base station
CN115051142B (en) * 2022-06-16 2023-08-22 华南理工大学 Multi-frequency base station antenna unit and communication equipment
CN116191026B (en) * 2023-02-01 2024-02-27 广东工业大学 Multiband dual polarized antenna

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WO2017091993A1 (en) * 2015-12-03 2017-06-08 华为技术有限公司 Multi-frequency communication antenna and base station
CN105406188A (en) * 2015-12-23 2016-03-16 安谱络(苏州)通讯技术有限公司 Novel antenna radiation unit and multi-band antenna
CN105896071B (en) * 2016-04-27 2019-07-12 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 Dual polarization vibrator unit, antenna and multifrequency antenna array
US20180191075A1 (en) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-05 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Compact multi-band dual slant polarization antenna
CN206893796U (en) * 2017-05-26 2018-01-16 华南理工大学 High alien frequencies isolates broadband dual-frequency base-station antenna array
CN108539383A (en) * 2018-05-24 2018-09-14 南京澳博阳射频技术有限公司 Multifrequency antenna for base station and antenna-feeder system

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