WO2022009866A1

WO2022009866A1 - Gasket and method, system, and program for management of same

Info

Publication number: WO2022009866A1
Application number: PCT/JP2021/025408
Authority: WO
Inventors: 淑子赤松; 清華戸田; 聡美高橋; 正寺崎; 義太朗坂田; 和也菊永; 正浩江頭
Original assignee: 株式会社バルカー; 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所
Priority date: 2020-07-08
Filing date: 2021-07-06
Publication date: 2022-01-13
Also published as: TW202206724A; JPWO2022009866A1; CN115777046A; KR20230036065A

Abstract

The present invention has an inner cut (4) in a non-restrained part (2-2) that is adjacent to a restrained part (2-1) that is restrained between flanges (16-1, 16-2), and the shape of the inner cut changes as a result of the load applied to the restrained part. Minimum information can be obtained from the change in shape of the inner cut. Thus, the change in shape of a gasket that is subjected to a load between flanges is observed directly, and the results of the observation are used in the management of the fastening of the gasket, improving the gasket and the management thereof.

Description

Gaskets, their management methods, systems and programs

The present disclosure relates to, for example, gaskets used for fastening piping systems and management techniques thereof.

For gasket tightening control, the tightening torque and bolt axial force value applied to the flange by the bolt are traditionally used. Tightening torque and bolt axial force value are tightening information about bolts that tighten between flanges.
Regarding the tightening of this gasket, in order to grasp the tightening torque, a system using information on the tightening surface pressure corresponding to the type of gasket and internal fluid, a plurality of tightening forces, bolts, etc. is known (for example, Patent Document 1). .. Regarding the tightening of bolts, it is known that the strain generated in the bolts is converted into data and the tightened state of the bolts is visualized (for example, Patent Document 2). Further, a sheet type pressure sensor embedded inside the gasket is known to measure the force applied to a part of the gasket by fastening (for example, Patent Document 3).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-225219 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-141345 Japanese Patent No. 46999935

By the way, the reason why the bolt tightening torque and axial force value are used for gasket tightening management is that the bolt is a means of tightening between flanges, and that the tightening force from the bolt can be easily grasped by measuring the bolt strain. be.

However, as a result of scrutinizing the relationship between the bolt, the flange and the gasket, the tightening force of the bolt acts on the flange, and the gasket merely acts indirectly through the flange. That is, the flange receives a load due to the tightening of the bolt, and this load merely acts on the gasket through the flange. The torque value and the axial force value applied to the bolt are the loads acting on a part of the flange, and cannot be said to represent the surface pressure acting on the gasket.

Therefore, there are the following problems in gasket tightening management.

A) The torque value and axial force value obtained from the bolt are information about the bolt, and it cannot be said that the surface pressure received by the gasket is measured.

B) From the viewpoint of the surface pressure that the gasket receives from the flange, the torque value and axial force value of the bolt are only indirect information and are only a guideline for the surface pressure.

C) The torque value and axial force value of the bolt are affected by the tightening state of the bolt and flange, and this fluctuation tendency cannot be ignored.

When the surface pressure of the gasket is estimated from the torque value or axial force value measured with a torque wrench or bolt axial force meter, the surface pressure applied to the gasket (= estimated surface pressure) when affected by the tightening state of the bolt or flange. ) And the surface pressure (= actual surface pressure) actually received by the gasket,
Estimated surface pressure ≠ actual surface pressure. Even if the measurement accuracy of the torque value and the axial force value is improved, the estimated surface pressure and the actual surface pressure of the gasket do not match. It is not possible to grasp the surface pressure that the gasket receives.

Regarding such a problem, the inventor has found that the shape change of the gasket depends on the load received from between the flanges, and it is useful to observe the shape change in the tightening management of the gasket. Patent Documents 1 to 3 do not disclose or suggest such a problem. Further, such a problem cannot be solved by the configurations disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3.

Therefore, the purpose of the present disclosure is to directly observe the shape change of the gasket that receives the load between the flanges based on the above-mentioned problems and the above-mentioned findings, and to improve the gasket and its management technique by using the observation result for the management of the tightening of the gasket. It is to plan.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the gasket of the present disclosure, the non-constrained portion adjacent to the restrained portion constrained between the flanges is provided with an inner cut, and the inner cut is provided by the load applied to the restrained portion. The shape of is changed.

In this gasket, the minimum point information can be further obtained from the shape change of the inner cut.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the management method of the present disclosure, the step of installing a gasket having an inner cut whose shape changes under load, and the flange being restrained between the flanges. The step of applying a load from between, the step of measuring the shape of the inner cut changed by the load, and the tightening between the flanges are managed based on the shape.

This management method may further include a step of acquiring minimum point information from the shape change of the inner cut.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the management system of the present disclosure, a measuring means for measuring the shape of the inner cut formed on the peripheral edge of the gasket, and management information for managing the tightening of the gasket based on the shape. Includes a management server that generates the above, and an information presentation unit that presents the management information.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the program of the present disclosure, it is a program to be realized by a computer, and the shape information of the inner cut provided in the gasket which is restrained between the flanges and receives a load is acquired. The computer realizes a function, a function of generating management information for managing the tightening of the gasket based on the shape information, and a function of presenting the management information.

In this program, the computer further realizes a function of acquiring minimum point information from the shape change of the inner cut.

According to the present invention, any of the following effects can be obtained.

(1) The load received by the gasket from between the flanges causes strain on the gasket, which can be manifested in the shape change of the inner cut of the gasket. And the shape change of the inner cut can be visualized and easily recognized.

(2) By observing the shape change of the inner cut, the load applied to the gasket can be easily grasped without being affected by the tightening state of the bolt, and the tightening management of the gasket can be performed properly.

(3) Estimate the load applied to the gasket from the shape change of the inner cut. The estimated load is equivalent to the actual surface pressure of the gasket received from the flange. Therefore, this method can improve the management accuracy of gaskets such as fastening management and gasket life prediction.

(4) The shape change of the inner cut and the load estimated from this shape change directly reflect the tightening state of the gasket, unlike the torque value and axial force value of the bolt. Therefore, by observing such a shape change and estimating the load, it is possible to improve the management accuracy of the gasket regardless of the skill of the worker.

And other objectives, features and advantages of the techniques of the present disclosure will be further clarified by reference to the accompanying drawings and each embodiment.

A is a plan view showing a gasket according to the first embodiment, and B is an enlarged perspective view showing an IB portion of A. It is a figure which shows the flange fastening part which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the III-III line cut end face of FIG. A is a diagram showing an enlarged inner cut, and B is a diagram showing a change in the shape of the inner cut. A, B and C are diagrams showing a modified example of the inner cut. It is a figure which shows the gasket management system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the gasket management database. A is a diagram showing a comparative example, and B is a diagram showing the setting of the shape observation unit. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the shape change and the load which concerns on Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 and Example 4. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the minimum point appearing in a shape change and a load. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the inflection point (without the minimum point) appearing in a shape change, and a load. A is a diagram showing the shape of the gasket according to the fifth embodiment, B is a diagram showing an example of a state before a load is applied, and C is a diagram showing an example of a state when a load of a predetermined value is applied. It is a figure which shows the shape observation example which concerns on Example 5.

[First Embodiment]
A in FIG. 1 shows the gasket 2 according to the first embodiment. The configuration shown in FIG. 1 is an example, and the present disclosure is not limited to such a configuration. In FIG. 1, the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis are shown together as an example.

This gasket 2 is, for example, a sheet gasket processed with a material containing a polytetrafluoroethylene resin (PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene) and a filler. A resin material or rubber material other than PTFE may be used for the gasket 2. In addition, the gasket 2 may be made of a metal material, or may be a combination of a metal material and a ceramic, a heat-resistant fiber material, or another material. Further, the gasket 2 includes a spiral gasket 70 (FIG. 12), a flat plate gasket having a sheet such as PTFE or graphite attached to the surface, a groove formed on the gasket surface, or a flange portion on the outer edge portion. Includes can profile gaskets and the like.

The gasket 2 has a restraining portion 2-1 on the inner diameter side and a non-constraining portion 2-2 on the outer diameter side. The restraint portion 2-1 is a region that is in contact with the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 (FIGS. 2 and 3) and receives a load F from between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2. On the other hand, the unconstrained portion 2-2 is a region that does not contact between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2.

Inner cuts 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 (hereinafter, simply referred to as inner cut 4 when a specific position is not specified) are formed in the non-restraint portion 2-2. There is. Each inner cut 4 is a through hole portion penetrated through the front and back of the unrestrained portion 2-2 of the gasket 2, and is a means for facilitating the detection of the shape change of the gasket 2. Therefore, each inner cut 4 constitutes a shape observation unit for observing the shape change of the gasket 2 when the load F is applied to the restraint portion 2-1.

<Inner cut 4>
B in FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of the inner cut 4 in the IB portion of A in FIG. In this inner cut 4, it is a through hole portion penetrating the upper and lower surfaces of the gasket 2 with a long side length L and a width W having a constant arc shape in the circumferential direction of the gasket 2. Each inner cut 4 has vertical surface portions 6-1 and 6-2 facing each other with a constant width W, inner peripheral surface portions 8-1 facing each other with a long side length L, and outer peripheral surface portions 8-2. The height D is the thickness of the gasket 2 before deformation.

In order to detect the change in the shape of the gasket 2, each inner cut 4 may be set at a plurality of locations on the gasket 2. It is preferable that the set position is not biased in order to avoid the influence of the elastic interaction received from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 and to improve the detection accuracy of the shape change. In this embodiment, each inner cut 4 is set at four locations on the X-axis and the Y-axis, and the shape change can be detected in a wide range.

<Flange fastening part 12>
FIG. 2 shows a notch in the flange fastening portion 12 including the gasket 2. The flange fastening portion 12 is an example, and the present disclosure is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.

The flange fastening portion 12 includes a flange 16-1 on the pipeline 14-1 side, a flange 16-2 on the pipeline 14-2 side (FIG. 3), a gasket 2, a plurality of bolts 18, and a nut 20.

The flange 16-1 is integrally formed with the end face of the pipeline 14-1, and similarly, the flange 16-2 is integrally formed with the end face of the pipeline 14-2. The flanges 16-1 and 16-2 have a larger diameter than the pipelines 14-1 and 14-2, and a plurality of bolts 18 and nuts 20 are attached at predetermined angular intervals.

A gasket 2 is installed between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 inside the bolt 18 and the nut 20. The gasket 2 constitutes a sealing member for the flange fastening portion 12. Therefore, by tightening the bolts 18 and nuts 20, the gasket 2 is loaded by the load F applied to the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, and the gaskets 2 are sealed together with the fastening of the pipelines 14-1 and 14-2. ..

The restraining portion 2-1 of the gasket 2 is sandwiched between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, and is in contact with the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 to be restrained. The unconstrained portion 2-2 protrudes around the restraining portion 2-1 and does not contact the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, that is, it is not constrained by the flanges 16-1 and 16-2.

By tightening the bolt 18 and the nut 20, the restraining portion 2-1 receives the load F from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, whereas the non-constraining portion 2-2 constitutes a free end that does not receive the load F. ing.

Then, when the load F acts on the restraint portion 2-1 from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, the load strain of the restraint portion 2-1 due to the load F is applied to the non-constraint portion 2-2 integrated with the restraint portion 2-1. It spreads and causes a shape change in the inner cut 4. As a result, each inner cut 4 of the non-restraint portion 2-2 constitutes a portion for detecting a shape change appearing on the gasket 2. Assuming that the load F acts in the Z-axis direction, the strain occurs in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, for example.

<Relationship between restraint portion 2-1 and non-restraint portion 2-2 and flanges 16-1 and 16-2>
FIG. 3 shows the III-III line cut end face of FIG. The restraining portion 2-1 of the gasket 2 is sandwiched and restrained between the gasket seats 22 of the flanges 16-1 and 16-2. On the other hand, the unconstrained portion 2-2 protrudes into the gap 24 between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2. The non-constrained portion 2-2 is integrated with the restraint portion 2-1 and is supported between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, and is a free end protruding into the gap 24. That is, the unrestrained portion 2-2 is in a cantilever state.

Strains and deformations that occur in the restraint portion 2-1 when the load F is received from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 appear as shape changes in the non-constraint portion 2-2. This shape change can be easily observed from the inner cut 4. That is, the shape change of the gasket 2 that appears in the non-constrained portion 2-2 is distortion or deformation due to being pushed out from between the gasket seats 22, and the restrained portion 2-1 of the gasket 2 is from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2. Represents the load received.

<Observation of shape change of inner cut 4>
The inner cut 4 is formed in order to make the strain generated in the unconstrained portion 2-2 manifest as a remarkable shape change and facilitate its observation.

A in FIG. 4 shows the original shape of the inner cut 4. If the X-axis is taken in the tangential direction of the gasket 2, the Y-axis is in the center of the inner cut 4, and the Z-axis is in the direction in which the load F is applied, the load F is applied to the restraint portion 2-1 from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2. , A shape change (= strain) occurs in the spacing direction of the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, and in the spacing direction and the crossing direction. This shape change includes a shape change in the circumferential direction of the gasket 2.

As shown in B of FIG. 4, the unrestrained portion 2-2 spreads by ΔY in the radial direction of the gasket 2 (indicated by the arrow a), and the inner peripheral surface portion 8-1, the outer peripheral surface portion 8-2, and the vertical surface portion 6 -1 and 6-2 also move in the radial direction of the gasket 2. At the same time, the width W of the inner cut 4 is narrowed to the width ΔW as the distance between the inner peripheral surface portion 8-1 and the outer peripheral surface portion 8-2 is indicated by arrows b and c. These are the load F applied to the restraint portion 2-1, that is, the shape change of the gasket 2 representing the load received by the gasket 2. In this example, the shape change in the XY-axis direction is illustrated, but it goes without saying that the shape change in the Z-axis direction and the thickness direction also appears in the shape of the inner cut 4.

Therefore, the strain generated in the restrained portion 2-1 and the non-constrained portion 2-2 by receiving the load F from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 is manifested as a shape change of the inner cut 4, and its observation is facilitated. Can be done.

<Modification example of inner cut 4>
The inner cut 4 is not limited to the form shown in B of FIG. A, B, and C in FIG. 5 show a modification of the inner cut 4. In FIG. 5, the parts corresponding to B in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals.

As shown in A of FIG. 5, the inner cut 4 is a parallel surface or non-parallel surface composed of linear facing surface portions 9-1 and 9-2 instead of the above-mentioned inner peripheral surface portion 8-1 and outer peripheral surface portion 8-2. It may be formed on parallel surfaces, or as shown in FIG. 5B, it may be formed in a square or fan shape consisting of four surfaces of the facing surface portions 7-1 and 7-2 and the facing surface portions 9-1 and 9-2. good. Further, as shown in C of FIG. 5, by forming the surface portions 9-11 and 9-12 on the facing surface portions 9-1, the widths of the facing surface portions 9-1 and 9-2 are partially different, for example. , Wa, Wb (Wa <Wb). Even in such a form, the shape change that occurs in the non-constrained portion 2-2 when the load F is received by the restrained portion 2-1 can be easily detected from the inner cut 4.

Note that a sensor member such as metal or resin may be installed in the space portion of the inner cut 4, and the shape change of the inner cut 4 may be extracted from this sensor member.

<Gasket 2 management process>
The management process of the gasket 2 is an example of the management method of the present disclosure. This management step includes a generation step S1 of the restraint portion 2-1 and the non-constraint portion 2-2, an addition step S2 of the load F, a shape information acquisition step S3, and a presentation step S4 of the shape information and the like. S1 to S4 attached to each step exemplify the order of each step, and the terms quoted are only used for convenience.

Generation step of generating the restrained portion 2-1 and the non-constrained portion 2-2 S1: When the gasket 2 is installed between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, the portion of the gasket 2 in contact with the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 is formed. The portion of the gasket 2 that becomes the restraint portion 2-1 and does not contact the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 becomes the non-constraint portion 2-2. That is, the restraining portion 2-1 and the non-constraining portion 2-2 of the gasket 2 are generated by being installed between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2.

Load F addition step S2: In the gasket 2, the load F is applied to the restraint portion 2-1 restrained by the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 by tightening the flanges 16-1 and 16-2. In response to this load F, the gasket 2 causes strain in the restraining portion 2-1 and causes a shape change in the non-constraining portion 2-2.

Shape information acquisition step S3: Regarding the shape change appearing in the unconstrained portion 2-2, the management server 30 (FIG. 6) receives the detection output of the strain sensor 28 and acquires the shape information of the inner cut 4.

Presentation process of shape information and the like S4: The management server 30 generates presentation information including shape information and presents it by the information presentation unit 32 (FIG. 6).

Note that the shape information acquired in the shape information acquisition step S3 may be subjected to Nth derivative (multi-step differentiation) to make the change points of the shape information stand out. If this processing result is reflected in the presentation information in the presentation step S4, the change point of the shape information can be clarified.

<Gasket management system 26>
FIG. 6 shows a gasket management system 26 for executing a management process by information processing. The configuration shown in FIG. 6 is an example, and the present disclosure is not limited to such a configuration. In FIG. 6, the same parts as those in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals.

This gasket management system 26 includes a strain sensor 28, a management server 30, and an information presentation unit 32.

The strain sensor 28 measures the shape change appearing in the inner cut 4 of the gasket 2 and outputs a detection signal indicating this shape change. The strain sensor 28 is an example of a means for detecting a shape change and converting it into an electric signal. In addition to the strain sensor 28, a laser displacement meter, a camera, or the like may be used as the means for observing the shape change. The laser displacement meter shines a laser beam on the inner cut 4, detects a change in the shape of the inner cut 4 with the reflected light, and observes the amount of the change. The camera captures the inner cut 4, and the management server 30 detects the strain appearing in the inner cut 4 by the number of pixels, and acquires the shape information according to the strain.

The management server 30 is composed of a computer having a communication function. The management server 30 includes a processor 34, a storage unit 36, an input / output (I / O) unit 38, and a communication unit 40. The processor 34 executes an OS (Operating System) and a management program in the storage unit 36, and performs information processing for gasket management. The storage unit 36 includes a storage medium for storing the OS and the management program. The gasket management database (DB) 42 (FIG. 7) is stored in the storage unit 36. Under the control of the processor 34, the communication unit 40 inputs and presents information in cooperation with a management terminal (not shown). The management terminal is also used for acquiring shape information and writing and reading the gasket management DB 42.

Further, the information presenting unit 32 presents shape information including a load and determination information under the control of the management server 30.

<Information processing of management server 30>
For information processing of the management server 30,
a) Processing for capturing the detection output of the strain sensor 28 b) Acquisition of shape information of the inner cut 4 c) Generation of presentation information including shape information d) Processing such as presentation of estimation information by the information presentation unit 32 is included.

<Gasket management DB42>
FIG. 7 shows an example of the gasket management DB 42. This gasket management DB 42 is used for processing such as estimating a load from shape information. The gasket management file 44 is stored in the gasket management DB 42.

The gasket management file 44 includes a gasket information unit 46, an inner cut information unit 47, a time information unit 48, a load information unit 50, a strain sensor information unit 52, a detection information unit 54, a judgment information unit 56, and a history information unit 58. It is set.
In addition to the identification information of the gasket 2, the gasket information unit 46 stores specification information for specifying the gasket 2.

The inner cut information unit 47 stores shape information such as the shape representing the inner cuts 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, and 4-4, and the arrangement position and size thereof.

Time information such as the measurement date and time is stored in the time information unit 48.

The load information unit 50 stores load information representing the load F applied between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 by tightening the bolt 18.

The strain sensor information unit 52 stores sensor information including the type and identification information of the strain sensor 28 (= 28-1, 28-2, 28-3, 28-4) that detects the shape.

The shape detection value obtained from each inner cut 4 (= 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4) is stored in the detection information unit 54.

The determination information unit 56 stores estimated load information representing the load estimated from the shape information by the information processing of the management server 30.

The history information unit 58 stores history information such as shape information acquisition and estimation processing.

<Effect of the first embodiment>
According to the first embodiment, any of the following effects can be obtained.

(1) Since the gasket 2 is provided with the inner cut 4, the restraining portion 2-1 receives the load F from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, and the strain generated in the restraining portion 2-1 is applied to the non-constraining portion 2-2. It can be visualized as a shape change of the inner cut 4, and the shape change corresponding to the load F can be easily observed from the inner cut 4.

(2) The shape information of the inner cut 4 can be acquired from the inner cut 4 by the detection output of each strain sensor 28, and the load received by the gasket 2 from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 can be estimated from the shape change.

(3) The strain of the gasket 2 can be observed by the shape change of the inner cut 4, and the load received by the gasket 2 is estimated from the shape change without being affected by the tightening torque and the axial force of the bolt 18, and the gasket 2 is used. The tightening state of can be determined.

(4) The tightening state of the gasket 2 can be improved in management accuracy without being affected by the skill of the worker.

[Second Embodiment]
The management method of the gasket 2 according to the second embodiment further includes the estimation step S5 based on the minimum point information in the management method of the first embodiment.

In the estimation step S5 based on the minimum point information, the shape information including the shape change appearing in the inner cut 4 includes the minimum point (FIG. 10) for a specific load, and the management server 30 is in a tightened state of the gasket 2 from the minimum point, that is, The load (= surface pressure) received by the gasket 2 from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 can be estimated.

<Effect of the second embodiment>
According to the second embodiment, any of the following effects can be obtained.

(1) The shape information can include a minimum point as peculiar information of the load.

(2) By associating this minimum point with the load to be set, it is possible to set a specific load by confirming the minimum point from the shape information.

(3) The load F, that is, the surface pressure can be estimated from the shape change of the inner cut 4 received by the gasket 2, and the monitoring or adjustment of the tightened state with respect to the gasket 2 can be facilitated.

Examples of the gasket 2 of the present disclosure will be described together with comparative examples.
<Comparison example>
FIG. 8A shows the gasket 2 according to the comparative example. In this comparative example, the restrained portion 2-1 and the non-constrained portion 2-2 are set concentrically with the same width or substantially the same width.

In the gasket 2 according to this comparative example, as shown in B of FIG. 8, shape observation units 60-1, 60-2, 60-3, 60-4 are set at positions corresponding to the inner cut 4 of the embodiment. ing. The shape observation units 60-1, 60-2, 60-3, and 60-4 are arranged in the unconstrained unit 2-2 at an angular interval of 90 degrees at a center angle. The arrangement positions of the shape observation units 60-1, 60-2, 60-3, and 60-4 are set to positions that do not overlap with the arrangement positions of the bolts 18.

<Example 1-4>
Table 1 shows the shape of the inner cut 4 of the gasket 2 and the measurement results thereof according to the embodiment.

In Table 1, the shape of the inner cut 4 in Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4, the distance between the long sides at the completion of tightening, the minimum point load, and the dimensional information and load information of the comparative example are shown. Shows.

In Example 1, the long side length = 65 mm, the short side length (distance between long sides) = 1 mm, the circumference length of the gasket 2 = 327 mm, the long side length / circumference length = 0.20, the aspect ratio = 65, and when tightening is completed. A distance between long sides = 0 mm and a minimum point load = 145 kN were obtained.

In Example 2, the long side length = 65 mm, the short side length (distance between long sides) = 3 mm, the circumference length of the gasket 2 = 327 mm, the long side length / circumference length = 0.20, and the aspect ratio = 22, when the tightening is completed. The distance between the long sides of the above = 0 mm and the minimum point load = 195 kN were obtained.

In Example 3, the long side length = 16 mm, the short side length (distance between long sides) = 1 mm, the peripheral length of the gasket 2 = 327 mm, the long side length / peripheral length = 0.05, and the aspect ratio = 16, when tightening is completed. Distance between long sides = 0.6 mm, minimum point load = unspecified.

In Example 4, the long side length = 16 mm, the short side length (distance between long sides) = 3 mm, the peripheral length of the gasket 2 = 327 mm, the long side length / peripheral length = 0.05, and the aspect ratio = 5, when the tightening is completed. Distance between long sides = 2.6 mm, minimum point load = unspecified.

And since the inner cut 4 does not exist in the comparative example, there is no corresponding data.

<Relationship between the distance between the long sides of the inner cut and the load>
FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the shape change (change in the distance between long sides) and the load according to Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4.

Regarding the relationship between the change in the distance between the long sides and the load, n1 shows the change in Example 1, n2 shows the change in Example 2, n3 shows the change in Example 3, and n4 shows the change in Example 4.
Comparing these, it can be seen that the shape changes of n1 and n2 are remarkable, and it is easy to identify the load applied to the gasket 2 by observing the shape changes.

<Minimum point information in shape change>
Regarding the case where the long side length L of the inner cut 4 is long, FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the minimum point information appearing in the shape change and the load by taking the load on the horizontal axis and the strain on the vertical axis.

In FIG. 10, o1 shows a shape change in the 0 (deg) direction, o2 shows a shape change in the 45 (deg) direction, and o3 shows a shape change in the 90 (deg) direction.
As described above, the minimum point is generated in the shape change in Examples 1 and 2.

<Inflection point information in shape change>
FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the inflection point appearing in the shape change and the load when the long side length L of the inner cut 4 is short.

In FIG. 11, p1 shows a shape change in the 0 (deg) direction, p2 shows a shape change in the 45 (deg) direction, and p3 shows a shape change in the 90 (deg) direction.
When the long side length L of the inner cut 4 is short, it does not come into contact with the inner peripheral surface portion 8-1 and the outer peripheral surface portion 8-2 of the inner cut 4. Therefore, no minimum point is generated in the shape change. That is, in Examples 3 and 4, only the inflection point is obtained for the circumferential strain in the 0 (deg) direction.

<Effect of Examples>
As is clear from such an embodiment, the relationship between the shape change and the load can be specified by measuring the shape change of the inner cut 4.

In all of Examples 1 to 4, inflection point information or minimum point information can be obtained, but when the long side length L of the inner cut 4 is lengthened, the minimum point information can be obtained. Based on this minimum point information, the tightened state of the gasket 2, that is, the load (= surface pressure) received by the gasket 2 from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 can be estimated, and the tightened state at the flange fastening portion 12 can be determined.

In such shape change monitoring and measurement, unlike torque management and bolt axial force measurement, the shape change appearing in the inner cut 4 of the non-restraint portion 2-2 can be measured, and the shape information representing the load can be obtained from the gasket 2. .. Therefore, the load can be estimated from the shape change of the gasket 2 due to the load F applied to the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 without being affected by the bolt 18 and the flanges 16-1 and 16-2.

Regarding the processed shape of the inner cut 4, it was confirmed that the gasket 2 can also handle various diameters and thicknesses.

<Example 5>
FIG. 12 shows a configuration example of the gasket 70 according to the fifth embodiment.

This gasket 70 is, for example, a laminated body in which a plurality of members having different diameters are coaxially arranged, and is a spiral-wound gasket provided with an outer ring 701, a gasket main body 702, and an inner ring 703. The gasket 70 is, for example, a restraint portion 2-1 in which only the inner ring 703, a part or all of the inner ring 703 and the gasket body 702, and a part of the outer ring 701 come into contact with the gasket seat 22 (FIG. 3) and receive a load F. .. That is, in the gasket 70, a part or all of the outer ring 701 becomes an unconstrained portion 2-2. The gasket body 702 of the gasket 70 is deformed according to the load F from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, and the outer ring 701 is distorted due to this deformation.

The gasket 70 has one or a plurality of inner cuts 4 formed on a part of the outer ring 701. The inner cut 4 is, for example, 5 [mm] as a predetermined distance t from the outer edge portion of the outer ring 701.
It is formed at the position of. In the fifth embodiment, for example, by observing the shape change Qa of the outer edge portion along the formation position of the inner cut 4, the shape of the inner cut 4 is measured and the surface pressure state of the gasket 70 is managed. For the observation of the shape change Qa, for example, the strain sensor 28 of the gasket management system 26 may be used. Further, the gasket management system 26 calculates the shape of the inner cut 4 based on the measured shape change Qa. As for the management process of the tightened state of the gasket 70, the same process as that of the above embodiment may be performed.

<About the configuration of the gasket 70>
The outer ring 701 and the inner ring 703 are made of a metal material such as stainless steel, carbon steel, or titanium, and are formed in a ring having a predetermined thickness or a shape close to the ring. In the gasket body 702, for example, a thin plate-shaped member made of a metal material and a laminated body of a cushioning material (filler) such as graphite or fluororesin are spirally wound between the inner wall surface of the outer ring 701 and the outer wall surface of the inner ring 703. It is composed by winding around. The laminate constituting the gasket main body 702 is formed, for example, in a cross section having a “V” shape or a waveform close to the “V” shape. In this laminated body, for example, the end faces are fixed to the outer ring 701 and the inner ring 703 by spot welding.

As shown in B of FIG. 12, for example, the outer ring 701 has an inner cut 4a opened with a predetermined width before the load F from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 is applied to the gasket main body 702. Then, when the load F acts through the gasket body 702, the outer ring 701 is formed into an inner cut 4b in which a part or all of the opening portion is deformed and closed, as shown in FIG. 15, for example, C.

FIG. 13 shows the measured values of the circumferential shape change Qa (FIG. 12) appearing on the outer edge of the outer ring 701 measured by the strain sensor 28, with the load [kN] on the horizontal axis and the strain (shape change) on the vertical axis. ing.

In this measurement result, when the load on the gasket increases, for example, there is no significant change from the start of weighting to a predetermined value, and then when the load exceeds the predetermined value, a negative value is measured by the strain sensor. .. This indicates that, for example, a shape change has occurred indicating that the outer edge portion of the outer ring 701 is compressed in the circumferential direction. Then, the strain in the circumferential direction increases in the positive direction after a minimum point appears when the load is around 220 kN, for example.

<Effect of Example 5>
(1) By measuring the shape change of the outer ring 701 of the spirally wound gasket 70 sandwiched between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, the surface pressure of the gasket 70 due to the load F can be grasped.

(2) When the spiral-wound gasket 70 is used, unlike torque management and bolt axial force measurement in shape change monitoring and measurement, the shape change of the inner cut 4 is measured from the shape change Qa that occurs in the outer ring 801. A change representing the load F can be obtained from the gasket 8. Therefore, the load F applied to the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 can be estimated from the shape change of the gasket 70 without being affected by the bolts 18 and the flanges 16-1 and 16-2.

<Additional Notes>
The following notes are disclosed with respect to the embodiments and examples.

(Appendix 1) A gasket installed between the flanges of the flange fastening part.
A restraint portion that is restrained between the flanges and receives a load,
An unconstrained portion that is not constrained between the flanges,
The through hole provided in the non-restraint portion and the through hole portion
A gasket comprising, which receives the load and causes a change in the through hole portion.

(Appendix 2) A management system that manages flange fastenings with gaskets between flanges.
A restraining portion that is restrained between the flanges and receives a load, a non-constraining portion that is not restrained between the flanges, and a through hole portion provided in the non-constraining portion are provided.
A gasket that receives the load and causes a change in the through hole,
A measuring instrument that measures changes in the through-hole portion in contact with or without contact with the gasket.
A management server that acquires measurement information from the measuring instrument and generates management information including the tightening force between the flanges.
An information presenting unit that presents the management information in relation to the gasket or the flange fastening portion, and
A management system.

(Appendix 3) A recording medium on which a program to be realized by a computer is recorded.
A function to acquire shape information including changes that occur in the through hole in the non-constrained portion of the gasket due to being restrained between the flanges and receiving a load from the flanges.
A function to generate management information including the tightening force between the flanges based on the shape information, and
The function of presenting the management information and
A recording medium on which a program for realizing the above-mentioned computer is recorded.

[Other embodiments]

(1) In the above embodiments and examples, it is exemplified that the initial fastening at the flange fastening portion 12 receives a load from between the flanges and observes the shape change generated in the gasket 2, but the initial fastening of the flange fastening is performed. Not limited.

(2) The shape of the inner cut 4 described above is an example, and even if it is an arc shape having no vertical surface portion 6, or a polygonal shape or a rectangular through hole portion having a linear parallel surface portion or a non-parallel surface portion. good.

(3) In the above-described embodiment, comparative example and embodiment, the load F applied to the gasket 2 sandwiched between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 and the shape change of the gasket 2 are described. The load F applied to the gasket 2 is equivalent to the surface pressure received by the gasket 2 from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, and there is no qualitative difference between the two. That is, the surface pressure of the gasket 2 can be estimated from the relationship between the load F applied to the gasket 2 and the shape change appearing in the inner cut 4.

(4) In the process of presenting shape information or the like in the management process of the gasket 2, the management server 30 may generate presentation information by processing the acquired shape information by multi-step differentiation or the like, and the information presentation unit may be used. A display unit that clearly indicates the change point may be presented in 32 (FIG. 6).

As described above, the most preferable embodiments of the present disclosure have been described. The present disclosure is not limited to the above description. Various modifications and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art based on the gist of the invention described in the claims or disclosed in the form for carrying out the invention. It goes without saying that such modifications and changes are included in the scope of the present disclosure.

According to the gasket of the present disclosure, its management method, system and program, the shape change of the inner cut of the gasket can be observed for the gasket for fastening between the flanges, so that the gasket is not affected by the tightening state of the bolt or the flange. It can be used for management information such as gasket tightening management and replacement.

2, 70 Gasket 2-1 Restrained part 2-2 Non-restrained part 4,4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 4a, 4b Inner cut 6,6-1, 6-2, Vertical surface part 7-1, 7-2, 9-1, 9-2 Facing surface part 8-1 Inner peripheral surface part 8-2 Outer peripheral surface part 9-11, 9-12 Surface part 12 Flange fastening part 14-1, 14-2 Pipeline 16 -1, 16-2 Flange 18 Bolt 20 Nut 22 Gasket seat 24 Gap 26 Gasket management system 28 Strain sensor 30 Management server 32 Information presentation unit 34 Processor 36 Storage unit 38 Input / output (I / O) unit 40 Communication unit 42 Gasket management Database (DB)
44 Gasket management file 46 Gasket information unit 47 Inner cut information unit 48 Time information unit 50 Load information unit 52 Strain sensor information unit 54 Detection information unit 56 Judgment information unit 58 History information unit 60-1, 60-2, 60-3, 60-4 Shape observation unit 701 Outer ring 702 Gasket body 703 Inner ring

Claims

A gasket characterized in that the non-constrained portion adjacent to the restrained portion constrained between the flanges is provided with an inner cut, and the shape of the inner cut changes depending on the load applied to the restrained portion.
Further, the gasket according to claim 1, wherein the minimum point information can be obtained from the shape change of the inner cut.
The process of installing a gasket with an inner cut that changes shape under load, and
A process of applying a load from between the flanges to the gasket restrained between the flanges, and
The process of measuring the shape of the inner cut changed by the load and
A management method comprising controlling the tightening between the flanges based on the shape.
The management method according to claim 3, further comprising a step of acquiring minimum point information from the shape change of the inner cut.
A measuring means for measuring the shape of the inner cut formed on the periphery of the gasket,
A management server that generates management information that manages the tightening of the gasket based on the shape, and
The information presentation unit that presents the management information and
A management system characterized by including.
It is a program to be realized by a computer.
The function to acquire the shape information of the inner cut provided for the gasket that is restrained between the flanges and receives the load,
A function to generate management information for managing the tightening of the gasket based on the shape information, and
The function of presenting the management information and
A program for realizing the above on the computer.
The program according to claim 6, further, for realizing the function of acquiring the minimum point information from the shape change of the inner cut with the computer.