CN115777046A - Pad, and method, system, and program for managing pad - Google Patents

Abstract

The non-constraining section (2-2) adjacent to the constraining section (2-1) constrained between the flanges (16-1, 16-2) has an inner cutout (4) whose shape changes due to a load applied to the constraining section. And minimum point information is obtained according to the shape change of the inner notch. Thus, the shape change of the gasket subjected to the load between the flanges can be directly observed, and the gasket and its management technique can be improved by using the observation result in the management of the fastening of the gasket.

Description

Pad, and method, system, and program for managing pad

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a gasket used in, for example, fastening of piping systems and the like, and a management technique thereof.

Background

In the fastening management of the gasket, a fastening torque applied to the flange by the bolt, a bolt axial force value, is conventionally used. The fastening torque and the bolt axial force value are fastening information about the bolt for fastening the flanges.

As for the fastening of the gasket, a system using a fastening surface pressure corresponding to the gasket, the type of internal fluid, a plurality of fastening forces, information on the bolt, and the like is known in order to grasp the fastening torque (for example, patent document 1). It is known that, in fastening a bolt, strain generated in the bolt is digitized to visually confirm a fastening state of the bolt (for example, patent document 2). In addition, a technique of measuring a force applied to a part of a gasket by fastening using a sheet-type pressure sensor embedded inside the gasket is known (for example, patent document 3).

Documents of the prior art

Patent literature

Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2014-225219

Patent document 2: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2015-141345

Patent document 3: japanese patent No. 4699935

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

However, the reason why the fastening torque and the axial force value of the bolt are used in the fastening management of the gasket is that the bolt is a means for fastening the flanges, and the fastening force from the bolt can be easily grasped by measuring the strain of the bolt.

However, as a result of examining the relationship among the bolt, the flange, and the gasket, the fastening force of the bolt only acts on the flange, and indirectly acts on the gasket via the flange. That is, the flange receives only the load generated by fastening the bolt, and the load acts on the gasket via the flange. The torque value and the axial force value applied to the bolt are loads applied to a part of the flange, and cannot be said to represent surface pressures applied to the gasket.

Therefore, the following problems are involved in the fastening management of the gasket.

a) The torque value and the axial force value obtained from the bolt are information related to the bolt, and cannot be said to be the measurement of the surface pressure to which the gasket is subjected.

b) In terms of the surface pressure of the gasket received by the flange, the torque value and the axial force value of the bolt are only indirect information and are only references of the surface pressure.

c) The torque value and the axial force value of the bolt are affected by the fastening state of the bolt and the flange, and the tendency of the variation cannot be ignored.

When the surface pressure of the gasket is estimated using the torque value and the axial force value measured by the torque wrench and the bolt axial force meter, the relationship between the surface pressure (= estimated surface pressure) applied to the gasket and the surface pressure (= actual surface pressure) actually received by the gasket when affected by the fastening state of the bolt and the flange is as follows: the inferred surface pressure is not equal to the actual surface pressure. Even if the accuracy of measuring the torque value and the axial force value is improved, the estimated surface pressure is not consistent with the actual surface pressure of the gasket. The surface pressure to which the gasket is subjected cannot be grasped.

The inventors have obtained the following findings regarding the problem: the shape change of the gasket depends on the load received from between the flanges, and it is advantageous in the fastening management of the gasket to observe the shape change. This problem is not disclosed or suggested in patent documents 1 to 3. In addition, the structures disclosed in patent documents 1 to 3 cannot solve the problem.

Therefore, in view of the above-described problems and the above-described findings, an object of the present disclosure is to improve a gasket and a management technique thereof by directly observing a change in shape of the gasket that receives a load between flanges and using the observation result in management of fastening of the gasket.

Means for solving the problems

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the gasket of the present disclosure, the gasket has an inner cutout in a non-constraining section adjacent to a constraining section constrained between flanges, the shape of the inner cutout being changed by a load applied to the constraining section.

In the pad, minimum point information is also obtained according to the shape change of the inner cut.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of a management method of the present disclosure, the management method includes the steps of: providing a gasket having an inner cut that changes shape when subjected to a load; applying a load from between the flanges to the gasket confined between the flanges; and measuring the shape of the inner cutout changed by the load, and managing the fastening between the flanges based on the shape.

The management method may further include: and acquiring minimum point information according to the shape change of the inner notch.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the management system of the present disclosure, the management system includes: a measuring unit that measures a shape of an inner notch formed at a periphery of the pad; a management server that generates management information for managing fastening of the pad according to the shape; and an information presentation unit that presents the management information.

In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of a program of the present disclosure, the program is for implementation by a computer, wherein the program is for implementing by the computer: acquiring shape information of an inner notch of a gasket which is limited between flanges and bears load; generating management information for managing fastening of the gasket based on the shape information; and prompting the management information.

In this program, the following functions are also realized by the computer: and acquiring minimum point information according to the shape change of the inner notch.

Effects of the invention

According to the present invention, the following arbitrary effects can be obtained.

(1) The gasket is strained by the load applied between the flanges, and the shape change of the inner cut of the gasket can be made conspicuous. Further, the shape change of the inner notch can be visualized and easily recognized.

(2) If the shape change of the inner notch is observed, the load applied to the gasket can be easily grasped without being affected by the fastening state of the bolt, and the gasket can be appropriately fastened and managed.

(3) The load applied to the pad is inferred from the change in shape of the inner cut. The inferred load is the same as the actual face pressure the gasket is subjected to from the flange. Therefore, this method can improve the accuracy of pad management such as fastening management and pad life prediction.

(4) The shape change of the inner notch, and the difference between the load inferred from the shape change and the torque value and the axial force value of the bolt directly reflect the fastening state of the gasket. Therefore, if the load is estimated by observing the shape change, the accuracy of management of the pad can be improved regardless of the skill of the practitioner.

Further, other objects, features, and advantages of the technology of the present disclosure will become more apparent by referring to the drawings and the embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 a is a plan view showing the gasket of the first embodiment, and fig. 1B is a perspective view showing a portion IB of a in an enlarged manner.

Fig. 2 is a view showing a flange fastening portion of the first embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a view showing a cut end surface along the line III-III of fig. 2.

Fig. 4a is an enlarged view of the inner slit, and fig. 4B is a view showing a change in shape of the inner slit.

Fig. 5 a, B, and C are diagrams illustrating a modification of the inner notch.

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a cushion management system of the first embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a pad management database.

Fig. 8 a is a diagram showing a comparative example, and fig. 8B is a diagram showing the setting of the shape observing section.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing a relationship between a change in shape and a load in example 1, example 2, example 3, and example 4.

Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a relationship between a minimum point and a load that occur in a shape change.

Fig. 11 is a graph showing a relationship between an inflection point (no minimum point) appearing in a change in shape and a load.

Fig. 12 a is a diagram showing the shape of the spacer of example 5, fig. 12B is a diagram showing an example of a state before a load is applied, and fig. 12C is a diagram showing an example of a state in a case where a load of a predetermined value is applied.

Fig. 13 is a diagram showing an example of shape observation in example 5.

Detailed Description

[ first embodiment ] A

Fig. 1 a shows the gasket 2 of the first embodiment. The configuration shown in fig. 1 is an example, and the present disclosure is not limited to this configuration. In fig. 1, an X axis, a Y axis, and a Z axis are shown as an example.

The gasket 2 is a sheet gasket formed by processing a material in which polytetrafluoroethylene 4-fluoroethylene (PTFE) and a filler are mixed, for example. The gasket 2 may be made of a resin material other than PTFE or a rubber material. The gasket 2 may be a gasket made of a metal material, or a gasket made of a combination of a metal material and a ceramic, a heat-resistant fiber material, another material, or the like. The gasket 2 includes a spiral gasket 70 (fig. 12), a gasket in which a sheet material such as PTFE or graphite is stuck to a surface of a flat plate-shaped gasket, a coal-type gasket in which a groove is formed on a surface of the gasket or a flange portion is provided at an outer peripheral portion, and the like.

The packing 2 has a restricted portion 2-1 on the inner diameter side and an unconstrained portion 2-2 on the outer diameter side. The restraint portion 2-1 is a region that is in contact with the flanges 16-1, 16-2 (fig. 2, 3) and receives the load F from between the flanges 16-1, 16-2. In contrast, the unconstrained portions 2-2 are regions of non-contact with the flanges 16-1, 16-2.

The non-restriction portion 2-2 is formed with inner notches 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 (hereinafter, simply referred to as inner notch 4 when a specific position is not specified). Each of the inner cuts 4 is a through hole penetrating along the front surface and the back surface of the unconstrained portion 2-2 of the pad 2, and is a means for facilitating detection of a change in the shape of the pad 2. Therefore, each inner notch 4 constitutes a shape observation portion for observing a change in shape of the pad 2 when the constraining section 2-1 receives the load F.

< inner incision 4 >

B of fig. 1 shows the inner incision 4 located at the IB portion of a of fig. 1 in an enlarged manner. The inner notch 4 is a through hole penetrating along the upper and lower surfaces of the gasket 2 with a constant arc-shaped long side length L and width W in the circumferential direction of the gasket 2. Each inner slit 4 has vertical surface portions 6-1, 6-2 opposed to each other with a constant width W, an inner peripheral surface portion 8-1 and an outer peripheral surface portion 8-2 opposed to each other with a long side length L. The height D is the thickness of the gasket 2 before deformation.

In order to detect the change in shape of the pad 2, the inner notches 4 may be set at a plurality of positions of the pad 2. In order to avoid the influence of elastic interaction received from the flanges 16-1, 16-2 and to improve the accuracy of detection of the shape change, it is also preferable that there is no deviation in the set position. In this embodiment, each of the inner slits 4 is set to 4 positions on the X axis and the Y axis, and a shape change can be detected in a wide range.

< Flange fastening part 12 >

Fig. 2 is a view showing the flange fastening portion 12 including the gasket 2 cut away. The flange fastening portion 12 is an example, and the present disclosure is not limited to the configuration shown in fig. 2.

The flange fastening portion 12 includes a flange 16-1 on the pipe 14-1 side, a flange 16-2 (fig. 3) on the pipe 14-2 side, a gasket 2, a plurality of bolts 18, and a nut 20.

The flange 16-1 is integrally formed on the end face of the pipe 14-1, and similarly, the flange 16-2 is integrally formed on the end face of the pipe 14-2. The flanges 16-1, 16-2 have a diameter larger than that of the pipes 14-1, 14-2, and a plurality of bolts 18 and nuts 20 are installed at regular angular intervals.

A spacer 2 is provided between the flanges 16-1, 16-2 at a position inward of the bolt 18 and the nut 20. The gasket 2 constitutes a sealing member of the flange fastening portion 12. Therefore, by fastening the bolts 18 and the nuts 20, the gasket 2 receives a load due to the load F applied to the flanges 16-1, 16-2, and seals together with the fastening of the pipes 14-1, 14-2.

The constraining section 2-1 of the gasket 2 is sandwiched by the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 and is constrained by contact with the flanges 16-1 and 16-2. The non-constraining section 2-2 protrudes toward the periphery of the constraining section 2-1 without contacting the flanges 16-1, 16-2, i.e., without being constrained by the flanges 16-1, 16-2.

The restrained portion 2-1 receives the load F from the flanges 16-1, 16-2 by tightening the bolt 18 and the nut 20, whereas the unrestrained portion 2-2 constitutes a free end that does not receive the load F.

When a load F acts on the constraining section 2-1 from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, the load strain of the constraining section 2-1 caused by the load F is propagated to the non-constraining section 2-2 integral with the constraining section 2-1, and the shape of the inner slit 4 is changed. Thus, each of the inner cuts 4 of the non-restricted portion 2-2 constitutes a site for detecting a shape change exhibited by the gasket 2. If the load F acts in the Z-axis direction, strain occurs, for example, in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

< relationship of the constraining section 2-1, the non-constraining section 2-2 and the flanges 16-1, 16-2 >

Fig. 3 shows a cut end face along the line III-III of fig. 2. The restraint portion 2-1 of the gasket 2 is sandwiched and restrained between the respective gasket seats 22 of the flanges 16-1, 16-2. In contrast, the non-restricted portion 2-2 projects into the gap 24 between the flanges 16-1, 16-2. The non-restricted portion 2-2 is supported integrally with the restricted portion 2-1 between the flanges 16-1, 16-2, and projects toward the gap 24 to become a free end. That is, the non-restriction portion 2-2 is in a cantilever state.

The strain, deformation, etc. generated in the constraining section 2-1 when the load F is received by the flanges 16-1, 16-2 appear as a change in shape in the non-constraining section 2-2. This shape change can be easily observed from the inner incision 4. That is, the shape change of the gasket 2 occurring at the non-restrained portion 2-2 is strain or deformation due to extrusion from between the gasket seats 22, indicating the load that the restrained portion 2-1 of the gasket 2 receives from the flanges 16-1, 16-2.

< Observation of shape Change of inner notch 4 >

The inner notch 4 is formed to clarify the strain generated in the non-constraining section 2-2 as a significant shape change and to facilitate observation of the shape change.

A of fig. 4 shows the original shape of the inner slit 4. When the tangential direction of the gasket 2 is taken as the X axis, the center of the inner notch 4 is taken as the Y axis, and the direction in which the load F is applied is taken as the Z axis, when the load F is applied from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 to the constraining section 2-1, a shape change (= strain) occurs in the direction of the interval between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 and the direction of intersection intersecting the direction of the interval. The shape change includes a change in the circumferential shape of the gasket 2.

As shown in B of fig. 4, the non-constraining section 2-2 is expanded by Δ Y in the radial direction (indicated by arrow a) of the cushion 2, and the inner peripheral surface section 8-1 and the outer peripheral surface section 8-2, and the vertical surface sections 6-1, 6-2 are also moved in the radial direction of the cushion 2. At the same time, the distance separating the inner peripheral surface portion 8-1 and the outer peripheral surface portion 8-2 narrows from the width W of the inner slit 4 to a width Δ W as indicated by arrows b and c. This is a change in the shape of the pad 2 indicating the load F applied to the constraining section 2-1, i.e., the load received by the pad 2. In this example, the shape change in the X-Y axis direction is exemplified, but it is needless to say that the shape change in the Z axis direction and the thickness direction appears in the shape of the inner notch 4.

Therefore, the strain generated in the restrained portion 2-1 and the non-restrained portion 2-2 when the load F is received from the flanges 16-1, 16-2 becomes apparent as a change in the shape of the inner notch 4, and the change in the shape can be easily observed.

< modification of inner notch 4 >

The inner notch 4 is not limited to the form shown in B of fig. 1. Fig. 5 a, B, and C show modifications of the inner slit 4. In fig. 5, the same reference numerals are given to parts corresponding to B in fig. 1.

As shown in a of fig. 5, the inner notch 4 may be formed as a parallel surface or a non-parallel surface composed of the linear facing surface portions 9-1 and 9-2 instead of the inner peripheral surface portion 8-1 and the outer peripheral surface portion 8-2 described above, or may be formed as a square or fan shape composed of four surfaces of the facing surface portions 7-1 and 7-2 and the facing surface portions 9-1 and 9-2 as shown in B of fig. 5. As shown in FIG. 5C, the facing surface 9-1 may be formed with the surface portions 9-11 and 9-12, and the facing surface portions 9-1 and 9-2 may be formed with partially different widths Wa and Wb (Wa < Wb), for example. In this configuration, the shape change in the non-restricted portion 2-2 caused by the load F received by the restricted portion 2-1 can be easily detected from the inner slit 4.

Further, a sensor member such as metal or resin may be provided in the space portion of the inner slit 4, and the shape of the inner slit 4 may be changed by taking out the sensor member.

< management Process of gasket 2 >

The pad 2 management process is an example of the management method of the present disclosure. The management process includes a generation process S1 for the constraining section 2-1 and the non-constraining section 2-2, an application process S2 for the load F, an acquisition process S3 for shape information, and a presentation process S4 for shape information and the like. S1 to S4 given to the respective steps show the order of the respective steps, and the terms used are used merely for convenience.

Step S1 for producing constrained portion 2-1 and unconstrained portion 2-2: when the gasket 2 is disposed between the flanges 16-1, 16-2, a portion of the gasket 2 that is in contact with the flanges 16-1, 16-2 becomes a constraining portion 2-1, and a portion of the gasket 2 that is not in contact with the flanges 16-1, 16-2 becomes a non-constraining portion 2-2. That is, the restrained portions 2-1 and the unrestrained portions 2-2 of the cushion 2 are created by being disposed between the flanges 16-1, 16-2.

Load F application step S2: the gasket 2 is applied with the load F by the restraint portion 2-1 restrained by the flanges 16-1, 16-2 by the fastening of the flanges 16-1, 16-2. When the load F is received, the gasket 2 is strained at the restrained portion 2-1 and changed in shape at the unrestrained portion 2-2.

Shape information acquisition step S3: the management server 30 (fig. 6) receives the detection output of the strain sensor 28 regarding the change in shape indicated by the unconstrained portion 2-2, and acquires the shape information of the inner notch 4.

Presentation step S4 of shape information and the like: the management server 30 generates presentation information including the shape information, and presents the presentation information by the information presentation unit 32 (fig. 6).

Further, the shape information acquired in the shape information acquisition step S3 may be subjected to N-time differentiation (multistage differentiation) to make the change point of the shape information conspicuous. If the processing result is reflected in the presentation information in the presentation step S4, the change point of the shape information can be clarified.

< cushion management system 26 >

Fig. 6 shows a cushion management system 26 for performing management procedures through information processing. The configuration shown in fig. 6 is an example, and the present disclosure is not limited to this configuration. In fig. 6, the same parts as those in fig. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The pad management system 26 includes a strain sensor 28, a management server 30, and an information presentation unit 32.

The strain sensor 28 measures a shape change occurring at the inner slit 4 of the gasket 2, and outputs a detection signal indicating the shape change. The strain sensor 28 is an example of a means for detecting a change in shape and converting the change into an electric signal. The observation means of the shape change may use a laser displacement meter, a camera, or the like, in addition to the strain sensor 28. The laser displacement meter irradiates the inner notch 4 with laser light, detects a change in the shape of the inner notch 4 by reflected light, and observes the amount of change in the shape. The camera photographs the inner notch 4, and the management server 30 detects the strain occurring in the inner notch 4 by the number of pixels and acquires shape information corresponding to the strain.

The management server 30 is constituted by a computer having a communication function. The management server 30 includes a processor 34, a storage unit 36, an input/output (I/O) unit 38, and a communication unit 40. The processor 34 executes an OS (Operating System) or a hypervisor program in the storage unit 36, and performs information processing for pad management. The storage unit 36 includes a storage medium storing an OS and a hypervisor. The storage unit 36 stores a pad management Database (DB) 42 (fig. 7). The communication unit 40 inputs and presents information in association with a management terminal, not shown, under the control of the processor 34. The management terminal is also used flexibly for acquisition of shape information, writing or reading of the pad management DB42, and the like.

The information presentation unit 32 presents shape information including the load and the determination information under the control of the management server 30.

< information processing of management Server 30 >

The information processing of the management server 30 includes processing of a), b), c), d), and the like.

a) Acquisition processing of detection output of strain sensor 28

b) Acquisition of shape information of internal incision 4

c) Generating a prompt including shape information

d) Presentation of estimated information by the information presentation unit 32

< pad management DB42 >

Fig. 7 shows an example of the pad management DB 42. The pad management DB42 is used for processing for estimating a load from the shape information. The pad management DB42 stores a pad management file 44.

The pad management file 44 is provided with a pad information section 46, an inner-contact information section 47, a time information section 48, a load information section 50, a strain sensor information section 52, a detection information section 54, a determination information section 56, and a history information section 58.

The pad information unit 46 stores specification information for specifying the pad 2 in addition to identification information of the pad 2.

The internal notch information section 47 stores shape information indicating the shapes of the internal notches 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, the arrangement positions and sizes of the internal notches, and the like.

The time information unit 48 stores time information such as the date and time of measurement.

The load information section 50 stores load information indicating the load F applied between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 by fastening the bolts 18.

The strain sensor information unit 52 stores sensor information including the type, identification information, and the like of the strain sensors 28 (= 28-1, 28-2, 28-3, and 28-4) that detect the shape.

The detection information unit 54 stores shape detection values obtained from the respective inner cuts 4 (= 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4).

The determination information unit 56 stores therein estimated load information indicating a load estimated from the shape information by the information processing of the management server 30.

The history information unit 58 stores history information such as acquisition of shape information and estimation processing.

< Effect of the first embodiment >

According to the first embodiment, the following advantageous effects can be obtained.

(1) Since the gasket 2 has the inner notch 4, the constraining section 2-1 receives the load F from the flanges 16-1, 16-2, and the strain generated in the constraining section 2-1 can be visualized as a change in the shape of the inner notch 4 of the non-constraining section 2-2. That is, the shape change corresponding to the load F can be easily observed from the inner slit 4.

(2) The shape information of the inner slit 4 is acquired from the inner slit 4 by the detection output of each strain sensor 28, and the load that the gasket 2 receives from the flanges 16-1, 16-2 can be estimated from the change in shape.

(3) The strain of the gasket 2 can be observed by the change in the shape of the inner notch 4, and the load applied to the gasket 2 can be estimated from the change in the shape without being affected by the fastening torque or the axial force of the bolt 18, and the fastened state of the gasket 2 can be determined.

(4) The accuracy of management of the fastened state of the pad 2 can be improved without being affected by the skill of the practitioner.

[ second embodiment ]

The method for managing the spacer 2 according to the second embodiment includes an estimation step S5 based on the minimum point information, in addition to the method for managing the first embodiment.

In the estimation step S5 based on the minimum point information, the shape information including the shape change exhibited by the inner notch 4 includes the minimum point for a specific load (fig. 10), and the management server 30 can estimate the fastening state of the gasket 2, that is, the load (= surface pressure) that the gasket 2 receives from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, from the minimum point.

< Effect of the second embodiment >

According to the second embodiment, the following advantageous effects can be obtained.

(1) The shape information may contain the minimum point as the specific information of the payload.

(2) The minimum point is associated with the load to be set, and the minimum point is confirmed from the shape information, whereby the specific load can be set.

(3) The load F, that is, the surface pressure, to which the pad 2 is subjected can be estimated from the change in shape of the inner notch 4, and monitoring or adjustment of the fastening state to the pad 2 can be facilitated.

Examples

Examples of the gasket 2 of the present disclosure will be described together with comparative examples.

< comparative example >

A of fig. 8 shows the gasket 2 of the comparative example. In this comparative example, the constraining section 2-1 and the non-constraining section 2-2 are set to be concentric circles with the same width or substantially the same width.

As shown in B in FIG. 8, in the gasket 2 of this comparative example, shape observation portions 60-1, 60-2, 60-3, and 60-4 were set at positions corresponding to the inner notches 4 of the example. The shape observation portions 60-1, 60-2, 60-3, and 60-4 are disposed in the non-restraint portion 2-2 at angular intervals such that the center angle is 90 degrees. The arrangement positions of the shape observing portions 60-1, 60-2, 60-3, and 60-4 are set at positions that do not overlap the arrangement positions of the bolts 18.

< examples 1 to 4 >

The shape of the inner slit 4 of the gasket 2 of the example, the measurement results thereof, and the like are shown in table 1.

[ Table 1]

Table 1 shows the shape of the inner notch 4, the distance between the long sides when fastening is completed, the minimum point load, and the size information and the load information of the comparative example in example 1, example 2, example 3, and example 4.

In example 1, when the long side length =65mm, the short side length (distance between long sides) =1mm, the peripheral length of the spacer 2 =327mm, the long side length/peripheral length =0.20, and the aspect ratio =65, the distance between long sides =0mm and the minimum point load =145kN at the time of fastening completion were obtained.

In example 2, when the long side length =65mm, the short side length (distance between long sides) =3mm, the peripheral length of the spacer 2 =327mm, the long side length/peripheral length =0.20, and the aspect ratio =22, the distance between long sides =0mm and the minimum point load =195kN were obtained at the time of completion of fastening.

In example 3, when the long side length =16mm, the short side length (long side distance) =1mm, the peripheral length of the spacer 2 =327mm, the long side length/peripheral length =0.05, and the aspect ratio =16, the long side distance =0.6mm at the time of fastening completion, and the minimum point load = could not be determined.

In example 4, when the long side length =16mm, the short side length (long side distance) =3mm, the peripheral length of the spacer 2 =327mm, the long side length/peripheral length =0.05, and the aspect ratio =5, the long side distance =2.6mm at the time of fastening completion, and the minimum point load = could not be determined.

In the comparative example, since the inner notch 4 is not present, there is no correspondence data.

< relationship between distance between long sides of inner notch and load >

Fig. 9 shows the relationship between the change in shape (change in distance between long sides) and the load in examples 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Regarding the relationship between the change in the distance between the long sides and the load, n1 represents the change in embodiment 1, n2 represents the change in embodiment 2, n3 represents the change in embodiment 3, and n4 represents the change in embodiment 4.

As can be seen by comparing these, the shape change of n1 and n2 is significant, and the load applied to the pad 2 can be easily determined by observing the shape change.

< information on minimum points in shape Change >

In fig. 10, the horizontal axis represents load and the vertical axis represents strain when the long side length L of the inner notch 4 is long, and the relationship between the minimum point information occurring in the change in shape and the load is shown.

In fig. 10, o1 represents a shape change in the 0 (degree) direction, o2 represents a shape change in the 45 (degree) direction, and o3 represents a shape change in the 90 (degree) direction.

Thus, a minimum point was generated in the shape change of examples 1 and 2.

< information of inflection point in shape change >)

Fig. 11 shows the relationship between the inflection point occurring in the shape change and the load in the case where the length L of the long side of the inner notch 4 is short.

In fig. 11, p1 represents a shape change in the 0 (degree) direction, p2 represents a shape change in the 45 (degree) direction, and p3 represents a shape change in the 90 (degree) direction.

When the long side length L of the inner slit 4 is short, the inner peripheral surface portion 8-1 and the outer peripheral surface portion 8-2 of the inner slit 4 are not in contact with each other. Therefore, no minimum point is generated in the shape change. That is, with respect to the circumferential strain in the 0 (degree) direction, only an inflection point can be obtained in examples 3 and 4.

< Effect of the embodiment >

According to such an embodiment, by measuring the shape change of the inner notch 4, the relationship between the shape change and the load can be determined.

In examples 1 to 4, inflection point information or minimum point information can be obtained, but when the long side length L of the inner notch 4 is increased, minimum point information can be obtained. The fastening state of the gasket 2, that is, the load (= the surface pressure) that the gasket 2 receives from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 is estimated based on the minimum point information, and the fastening state of the flange fastening portion 12 can be determined.

In such monitoring and measurement of the shape change, unlike torque management and measurement of the bolt axial force, the shape change occurring in the inner notch 4 of the non-restrained portion 2-2 is measured, and shape information indicating the load can be acquired from the pad 2. Therefore, the load can be estimated from the change in shape of the gasket 2 due to the load F applied to the flanges 16-1, 16-2 without being affected by the bolts 18 and the flanges 16-1, 16-2.

It was confirmed that the gasket 2 can be applied to various diameters and thicknesses with respect to the processed shape of the inner notch 4.

< example 5 >

Fig. 12 shows a structural example of a spacer 70 of embodiment 5.

The gasket 70 is a laminated body in which a plurality of members having different diameters are coaxially arranged, and is a spiral gasket having an outer ring 701, a gasket main body 702, and an inner ring 703. The packing 70 is, for example, a constraining section 2-1 in which only the inner ring 703 or a part or all of the inner ring 703 and the packing main body 702 and a part of the outer ring 701 abut against the packing seat 22 (fig. 3) and receive the load F. That is, a part or the whole of the outer ring 701 of the gasket 70 becomes the non-restricted portion 2-2. Further, the gasket 70 deforms the gasket main body 702 in accordance with the load F from the flanges 16-1, 16-2, and generates strain in the outer ring 701 upon receiving the deformation.

The gasket 70 is formed with 1 or more inner slits 4 at a portion of the outer ring 701. The inner notch 4 is formed, for example, at a position spaced apart from the outer edge of the outer ring 701 by a predetermined distance t of 5 (mm). In example 5, for example, the shape of the inner notch 4 is measured by observing the shape change Qa of the outer edge portion along the formation position of the inner notch 4, and the surface pressure state of the gasket 70 is managed. For example, the strain sensor 28 of the cushion management system 26 may be used for observing the shape change Qa. In addition, the cushion management system 26 calculates the shape of the inner cutout 4 from the measured shape change Qa. The process of managing the fastened state of the gasket 70 may be performed in the same manner as in the above embodiment.

< Structure with respect to gasket 70 >

The outer ring 701 and the inner ring 703 are formed into a ring having a predetermined thickness or a shape close thereto, using a metal material such as stainless steel, carbon steel, or titanium. The gasket main body 702 is formed by winding a laminate of a thin plate-like member made of a metal material and a cushioning material (filler) such as graphite or fluororesin in a spiral shape between the inner wall surface of the outer ring 701 and the outer wall surface of the inner ring 703, for example. The laminate constituting the pad main body 702 is formed, for example, in a shape having a cross section of "V" or a waveform close thereto. The end surfaces of the laminated body are fixed to the outer ring 701 and the inner ring 703 by spot welding, for example.

For example, as shown in B of FIG. 12, the outer ring 701 is opened with an inner slit 4a having a predetermined width before a load F from the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 is applied to the gasket main body 702. When a load F acts via the pad main body 702, for example, as shown in C of fig. 15, a part or all of the opening portion of the outer ring 701 is deformed to become the closed inner notch 4b.

In fig. 13, the horizontal axis represents the load (kN), the vertical axis represents the strain (shape change), and the measured value measured by the strain sensor 28 represents the circumferential shape change Qa occurring in the outer edge of the outer ring 701 (fig. 12).

In the measurement result, when the load related to the pad increases, for example, there is no significant change from the start of the lifting to a predetermined value, and then the load exceeds the predetermined value, a negative value is measured in the strain sensor. This shows, for example, that a change in shape indicating that the outer edge portion of the outer ring 701 is compressed in the circumferential direction occurs. Further, the value of the strain in the circumferential direction increases in the positive direction after a minimum point occurs in the vicinity of a load of 220kN, for example.

< Effect of example 5 >

(1) By measuring the change in the shape of the outer ring 701 of the spiral gasket 70 sandwiched between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, the surface pressure of the gasket 70 due to the load F can be grasped.

(2) When the spiral gasket 70 is used, the change in shape of the inner notch 4 is measured from the change in shape Qa generated in the outer ring 801, unlike torque management and measurement of the bolt axial force, and thus the change in shape representing the load F can be acquired from the gasket 8. Therefore, the load F applied to the flanges 16-1, 16-2 can be estimated from the change in shape of the gasket 70 without being affected by the bolts 18 and the flanges 16-1, 16-2.

< appendix memory >

With regard to the above embodiments and examples, the following disclosure is attached.

(attached note 1)

A gasket is provided between flanges of a flange fastening portion, wherein,

the gasket has:

a restraining portion that is restrained between the flanges and receives a load;

a non-restricted portion that is not restricted between the flanges; and

a through hole portion provided in the non-restraint portion,

the load is received and changes in the through hole.

(attached note 2)

A management system that manages flange fastening portions having gaskets between flanges, wherein,

the management system includes:

a pad having a restraining portion that is restrained between the flanges and receives a load, a non-restraining portion that is not restrained between the flanges, and a through hole portion that is provided in the non-restraining portion and changes in the through hole portion upon receiving the load;

a measuring device for measuring a change in the through hole portion in a contact or non-contact manner with the pad;

a management server that acquires measurement information from the measuring device and generates management information including a fastening force between the flanges; and

and an information presentation unit that presents the management information in association with the pad or the flange fastening unit.

(attached note 3)

A recording medium having recorded thereon a program for implementation by a computer, wherein,

the program is for realizing the following functions by the computer:

the method includes the steps of limiting the shape of the gasket between the flanges, receiving a load from between the flanges, and acquiring shape information including a change in the through hole portion located in the non-restrained portion of the gasket due to the load;

generating management information including a fastening force between the flanges based on the shape information; and

and prompting the management information.

(other embodiments)

(1) In the above-described embodiment and examples, the initial tightening of the flange fastening portion 12 is performed by receiving a load from between the flanges and observing a change in shape occurring in the gasket 2, but the present invention is not limited to the initial tightening of the flange fastening.

(2) The shape of the inner notch 4 is an example, and may be a circular arc shape without the vertical surface portion 6, a polygonal shape formed by a straight parallel surface portion or a non-parallel surface portion, or a rectangular through hole portion.

(3) In the above-described embodiment, comparative example, and example, the load F applied to the gasket 2 by being sandwiched between the flanges 16-1, 16-2 and the change in shape of the gasket 2 were described. The load F applied to the gasket 2 is equivalent to the surface pressure of the gasket 2 from the flanges 16-1, 16-2, and there is no substantial difference therebetween. That is, the surface pressure of the pad 2 can be estimated from the shape change from the relationship between the load F applied to the pad 2 and the shape change occurring in the inner notch 4.

(4) In the presentation step (S4) of the shape information and the like in the management step of the pad 2, the management server 30 may generate presentation information for presenting the acquired shape information by multi-stage differentiation or the like, or the information presentation unit 32 (fig. 6) may present a display unit in which the change point is clearly indicated.

As described above, the most preferable embodiment and the like of the present disclosure are described. The present disclosure is not limited to the above description. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations based on the gist of the invention described in the claims or disclosed in the detailed description. Such modifications and variations are, of course, included in the scope of the present disclosure.

Industrial applicability

According to the gasket and the management method, system, and program for the gasket of the present disclosure, since the shape change of the inner notch of the gasket can be observed with respect to the gasket fastened between the flanges, the gasket can be flexibly applied to management information such as fastening management and replacement of the gasket without being affected by the fastening state of the bolt and the flange.

Description of the reference symbols

2. 70: a liner; 2-1: a restraint section; 2-2: a non-constraining section; 4. 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 4a, 4b: an inner incision; 6. 6-1, 6-2: a vertical face; 7-1, 7-2, 9-1, 9-2: an opposed face portion; 8-1: an inner peripheral surface portion; 8-2: a peripheral face portion; 9-11, 9-12: a face; 12: a flange fastening portion; 14-1, 14-2: a pipeline; 16-1, 16-2: a flange; 18: a bolt; 20: a nut; 22: a gasket seat; 24: a gap; 26: a pad management system; 28: a strain sensor; 30: a management server; 32: an information presentation unit; 34: a processor; 36: a storage unit; 38: an input/output (I/O) unit; 40: a communication unit; 42: a pad management Database (DB); 44: a pad management file; 46: a pad information section; 47: an inner notch information section; 48: a time information unit; 50: a load information unit; 52: a strain sensor information section; 54: a detection information unit; 56: a determination information unit; 58: a history information unit; 60-1, 60-2, 60-3, 60-4: a shape observation unit; 701: an outer ring; 702: a pad body; 703: an inner ring.

Claims (7)

1. A gasket, characterized in that,

the gasket has an inner cutout in a non-restricted portion adjacent to a restricted portion restricted between the flanges, and the shape of the inner cutout changes due to a load applied to the restricted portion.

2. The cushion according to claim 1,

and obtaining minimum point information according to the shape change of the inner notch.

3. A method of managing, characterized by,

the management method comprises the following steps:

providing a gasket having an inner cut that changes shape when subjected to a load;

applying a load from between the flanges to the gasket confined between the flanges; and

measuring the shape of the inner cut that has changed due to the load,

the fastening between the flanges is managed according to the shape.

4. The management method according to claim 3,

the management method further includes the following steps: and acquiring minimum point information according to the shape change of the inner notch.

5. A management system, characterized in that,

the management system includes:

a measuring unit that measures a shape of an inner notch formed at a periphery of the pad;

a management server that generates management information for managing fastening of the pad based on the shape; and

and an information presentation unit that presents the management information.

6. A program for being implemented by a computer, wherein,

the program is for realizing the following functions by the computer:

acquiring shape information of an inner notch of a gasket which is limited between flanges and bears load;

generating management information for managing fastening of the gasket based on the shape information; and

and prompting the management information.

7. The program according to claim 6, wherein,

the program is also for realizing, by the computer, functions of: and acquiring minimum point information according to the shape change of the inner notch.

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