WO2022009807A1 - 撮像素子および撮像方法 - Google Patents
撮像素子および撮像方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022009807A1 WO2022009807A1 PCT/JP2021/025194 JP2021025194W WO2022009807A1 WO 2022009807 A1 WO2022009807 A1 WO 2022009807A1 JP 2021025194 W JP2021025194 W JP 2021025194W WO 2022009807 A1 WO2022009807 A1 WO 2022009807A1
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- pixel
- address event
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/47—Image sensors with pixel address output; Event-driven image sensors; Selection of pixels to be read out based on image data
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an image sensor and an image pickup method.
- an asynchronous image pickup device having an address event detection circuit for detecting in real time as an address event that the amount of light of the pixel exceeds the threshold value for each pixel address has been used.
- each address event detection circuit When each address event detection circuit detects the occurrence of an address event, it outputs a request signal requesting the output of a detection signal to that effect to an arbiter circuit called an arbiter.
- the arbiter gives a selection right from the address event detection circuit that has transmitted the request signal earliest, and enables the output of the light receiving element signal (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the above-mentioned image pickup apparatus is arbitrated in the order in which address events are detected, even if an address event with a high priority is detected, the generation of an image based on the address event may be delayed. Specifically, even when a valid address event that should be detected, such as an event accompanying the movement of the observation object, is detected, the address event caused by the previously detected noise or the like is preferentially processed. Will be done. Therefore, there is a problem that the detection of a valid address event that should be originally detected is delayed.
- the image pickup device has a plurality of pixels, a pixel address event detection unit, a region address event detection unit, and a pixel selection unit.
- the pixel includes a photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of incident light.
- the pixel address event detection unit detects a pixel address event, which is an address event of its own pixel, based on a change in the amount of charge generated by photoelectric conversion, which is arranged for each pixel.
- the region address event detection unit detects a region address event, which is an address event in the region, based on a change in the amount of charge generated by photoelectric conversion in a plurality of pixels included in a predetermined region among the plurality of pixels.
- the pixel selection unit selects a pixel based on the detected pixel address event and area address event, and causes the selected pixel to output the detection result of the pixel address event.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an image pickup apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a diagram showing a configuration example of the image pickup apparatus 1.
- the image pickup device 1 includes an image pickup lens 5, an image pickup element 2, a recording unit 3, and a control unit 4.
- an image pickup device 1 a camera mounted on a wearable device, an in-vehicle camera, or the like is assumed.
- the image pickup lens 5 is an example of an optical system, and captures incident light from a subject to form an image on the image pickup surface of the image pickup element 2.
- the image sensor 2 is also called an EVS (Event-based Vision Sensor), and detects as an address event that the absolute value of the amount of change in luminance exceeds the threshold value for each of the plurality of pixels.
- This address event is, for example, an on event indicating that the amount of increase in brightness exceeds the upper limit threshold value and an off event indicating that the amount of decrease in brightness is below the lower limit threshold value below the upper limit threshold value. including.
- Each detection signal includes an on-event detection signal V CH (see FIG. 6) indicating the presence or absence of an on-event and an off-event detection signal V CL (see FIG. 6) indicating the presence or absence of an off-event.
- the image sensor 2 further generates an image signal for each pixel in which the detection signal is generated.
- a predetermined signal process such as an image recognition process is executed on the generated image signal, and the image data after the process is output to the recording unit 3 via the signal line 6.
- the recording unit 3 records the image data from the image sensor 2.
- the control unit 4 controls the image pickup element 2 to cause the image pickup element 2 to take an image of image data. At this time, the control unit 4 outputs the control signal to the image pickup device 2 via the signal line 7.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the image pickup device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the image pickup device 2.
- the image pickup device 2 in the figure includes a pixel array unit 10, a control circuit 20, an arbiter 30, and a signal processing unit 40.
- the pixel array unit 10 is configured by arranging a plurality of pixels 100.
- the pixel array unit 10 in the figure shows an example in which the pixels 100 are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.
- the pixel 100 includes a photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of incident light, and detects an address event based on the amount of change in the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion.
- the address event detected in the pixel 100 is referred to as a pixel address event.
- the pixel 100 that has detected the pixel address event outputs the detection signal of the pixel address event to the control circuit 20 and the signal processing unit 40, which will be described later.
- the control circuit 20 outputs a control signal to the pixel 100 that outputs the detection signal, and resets the pixel address event detected in the pixel 100. Further, the signal processing unit 40 performs predetermined signal processing on the detected signal.
- the pixel 100 Prior to the output of this detection signal, the pixel 100 sends a request requesting the output of the detection signal to the arbiter 30 described later.
- the arbiter 30 selects the pixel 100 that sent the request and outputs a response to the request. This response allows the output of the detection signal.
- the region address event is an address event detected based on the amount of change in the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion of the pixel 100 included in a predetermined region among the plurality of pixels 100 arranged in the pixel array unit 10. Is. This region address event can be detected, for example, based on the amount of change in the total charge generated by the pixels 100 included in the predetermined region. The details of the configuration of the pixel 100 will be described later.
- the control circuit 20 is a circuit that controls the reset of the pixel address event in each pixel 100 of the pixel array unit 10.
- the control circuit 20 resets the pixel address event detection unit 120 by outputting a control signal for resetting the subtractor 123 of the pixel address event detection unit 120 arranged in the pixel 100, which will be described later.
- the arbiter 30 selects the pixel 100 that sent the request.
- the arbiter 30 selects the pixel 100 based on the pixel address event and the area address event as described above.
- the pixel 100 that has detected the address event outputs the detection signal to the control circuit 20 and the signal processing unit 40.
- This control signal needs to be supplied exclusively to one pixel 100. This is to prevent collisions when the detection signals are output from the plurality of pixels 100. Therefore, the arbiter 30 arbitrates the plurality of pixels 100 for which the pixel address event is detected. Specifically, the arbiter 30 detects a pixel address event, selects one of the pixels 100, and returns a response to the selected pixel 100. This response represents the result of the selection.
- the arbiter 30 can select the pixels 100 in the order in which the requests are sent. At this time, the arbiter 30 can make a preferential selection for the specific pixel 100. For example, the arbiter 30 can select the pixel 100 included in the area where the above-mentioned area address event is detected in preference to the pixel 100 not included in the area.
- the region in which the region address event is detected is a region in which a change in the brightness of the incident light is detected in many pixels 100. In such a region, it can be estimated that a change such as movement in the subject of the image sensor 2 has occurred. That is, it is presumed that an address event such as an event accompanying the movement of the observation object is detected in the region. Therefore, by preferentially selecting the pixels 100 in this region, it is possible to acquire an image of an observation object accompanied by movement at an early stage.
- the pixel 100 not selected by the arbiter 30 outputs a response after the generation of the image signal of the pixel 100 included in the area where the area address event is detected is completed.
- the priority of the pixel 100 that has detected the pixel address event can be lowered due to the influence of noise or the like. The details of the configuration of the arbiter 30 will be described later.
- the signal processing unit 40 performs predetermined signal processing on the detection signal from the pixel 100.
- the signal processing unit 40 can arrange such detection signals as image signals in a two-dimensional matrix and generate image data having 2 bits of information for each pixel 100. Further, the signal processing unit 40 can perform signal processing such as image recognition processing on the generated image data.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit and an arbiter according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the pixel array unit 10 and the arbiter 30.
- the pixel 100 of the pixel array unit 10 in the figure includes a photoelectric conversion unit 110 and a pixel address event detection unit 120.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 110 performs photoelectric conversion of incident light.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 110 can be configured by a photodiode. This photoelectric conversion generates an electric charge according to the brightness of the incident light. By applying a voltage to the photoelectric conversion unit 110, it is possible to supply an photocurrent, which is a current corresponding to the generated charge, to an external circuit.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 detects a pixel address event. By detecting the change in the photocurrent described above, it is possible to detect the change in the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion, and it is possible to detect the pixel address event based on the change in the amount of electric charge. Further, the pixel address event detection unit 120 supplies the photocurrent of the photoelectric conversion unit 110 to the region address event detection unit 320. The details of the configuration of the pixel address event detection unit 120 will be described later.
- the arbiter 30 in the figure includes an area address event detection unit 320 and a pixel selection unit 310.
- the region address event detection unit 320 is a region that is an address event in the region based on a change in the amount of charge generated by the photoelectric conversion of the pixel 100 included in a predetermined region among the plurality of pixels 100 of the pixel array unit 10. It detects address events. This region address event can be detected, for example, based on the change in the photocurrent in all the pixels 100 included in the predetermined region, and is based on the change in the total photocurrent of all the pixels 100 included in the region. Can be detected.
- the pixel array unit 10 in the figure shows an example in which the area 591, which is the above-mentioned predetermined area, is arranged for each row of the pixels 100 arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.
- the area address event detection unit 320 is arranged in each area 591, and photocurrent is supplied from the pixel 100 included in the area. This photocurrent is supplied via the signal line 103. Details of the configuration of the region address event detection unit 320 will be described later.
- the pixel selection unit 310 selects the pixel 100 based on the pixel address event and the area address event. Further, the pixel selection unit 310 causes the selected pixel 100 to output the detection result of the pixel address event. The pixel selection unit 310 can select the pixel 100 in which the pixel address event is detected among the pixels 100 included in the area 591 in which the area address event is detected.
- a request for requesting the output of the pixel address event detection signal is output to the pixel selection unit 310.
- This request is output via the signal line 102.
- the area address event detection unit 320 outputs a request to the pixel selection unit 310 when the area address event is detected in its own area 591.
- the pixel selection unit 310 selects the pixel 100 based on these pixel address events and region address events, and outputs a response to the selected pixel 100. This response is output via the signal line 101.
- the pixel 100 to which the response is output from the pixel selection unit 310 outputs the detection signal of the pixel address event to the signal processing unit 40 and the control circuit 20. This detection signal is output via the signal line 104.
- the control circuit 20 outputs a control signal to the pixel 100 that outputs the detection signal, and resets the pixel 100. As a result, the detection of the pixel address event in the pixel 100 is reset, and the output of the request is stopped.
- the pixel selection unit 310 also outputs a response to the area address event detection unit 320 of the area 591 including the selected pixel 100.
- the area address event detection unit 320 to which this response is output is reset, and the output of the request is stopped.
- the configuration of the area 591 is not limited to this example.
- the area 591 can be set for each of a plurality of rows such as every two rows of the pixels 100 arranged in the pixel array unit 10.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel address event detection unit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel address event detection unit 120.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 in the figure includes a current-voltage conversion circuit 121, a buffer 122, a subtractor 123, a quantizer 124, and a transfer control unit 125.
- the current-voltage conversion circuit 121 converts the photocurrent from the photoelectric conversion unit 110 into a voltage signal. Further, at the time of this conversion, the current-voltage conversion circuit 121 performs logarithmic compression of the voltage signal. The converted voltage signal is output to the buffer 122. The details of the configuration of the current-voltage conversion circuit 121 will be described later.
- the buffer 122 corrects the voltage signal output from the current-voltage conversion circuit 121, and outputs this corrected signal to the subtractor 123.
- the driving force for driving the subsequent stage can be improved by the buffer 122, and the noise isolation associated with the switching operation of the subsequent stage can be ensured.
- the subtractor 123 obtains the amount of change in the correction signal output from the buffer 122 by the subtraction process. Then, the subtractor 123 outputs the obtained change amount as a differential signal to the quantizer 124. The details of the configuration of the subtractor 123 will be described later.
- the quantizer 124 converts (that is, quantizes) an analog differential signal into a digital detection signal by comparing the output differential signal with a predetermined threshold value.
- the quantizer 124 according to the embodiment compares the differential signal with each of the upper limit threshold value and the lower limit threshold value, and outputs the comparison result as a 2-bit detection signal to the transfer control unit 125.
- the transfer control unit 125 controls the transfer of the detection signal to the signal processing unit 40 and the control circuit 20.
- the transfer control unit 125 outputs a request to the pixel selection unit 310.
- the transfer control unit 125 outputs the detection signal to the signal processing unit 40 and the control circuit 20.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the current-voltage conversion circuit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the current-voltage conversion circuit 121.
- the current-voltage conversion circuit 121 in the figure includes MOS transistors 501 to 505.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 110 is further shown in the figure.
- Vdd represents a power line that supplies power.
- Vb1 represents a signal line that supplies a bias voltage.
- a p-channel MOS transistor can be used for the MOS transistors 501 to 503.
- MOS transistors 504 and 505 n-channel MOS transistors can be used.
- the anode of the photoelectric conversion unit 110 is grounded, and the cathode is connected to the source of the MOS transistor 504 and the gate of the MOS transistor 505.
- the source of the MOS transistor 505 is grounded and the drain is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor 504, the drain of the MOS transistor 503 and the signal line 129.
- the gate of the MOS transistor 503 is connected to the signal line Vb1, and the source is connected to the power line Vdd.
- the drains of the MOS transistor 504 are connected to the drain and gate of the MOS transistor 501 and the gate of the MOS transistor 502.
- the source of the MOS transistor 501 and the source of the MOS transistor 502 are commonly connected to the power supply line Vdd.
- the drain of the MOS transistor 502 is connected to the signal line 103.
- the MOS transistor 504 is a MOS transistor that supplies a current to the photoelectric conversion unit 110.
- a sink current (photocurrent) corresponding to the incident light flows through the photoelectric conversion unit 110.
- the MOS transistor 504 supplies this sink current.
- the gate of the MOS transistor 504 is driven by the output voltage of the MOS transistor 505, which will be described later, and outputs a source current equal to the sink current of the photoelectric conversion unit 110. Since the gate-source voltage Vgs of the MOS transistor becomes a voltage corresponding to the source current, the source voltage of the MOS transistor 504 becomes a voltage corresponding to the current of the photoelectric conversion unit 110. As a result, the current of the photoelectric conversion unit 110 is converted into a voltage signal.
- the MOS transistor 505 is a MOS transistor that amplifies the source voltage of the MOS transistor 504. Further, the MOS transistor 503 constitutes a constant current load of the MOS transistor 505. An amplified voltage signal is output to the drain of the MOS transistor 505. This voltage signal is output to the signal line 129 and fed back to the gate of the MOS transistor 504.
- the Vgs of the MOS transistor 504 is equal to or less than the threshold voltage
- the source current changes exponentially with respect to the change of Vgs. Therefore, the output voltage of the MOS transistor 505 fed back to the gate of the MOS transistor 504 becomes a voltage signal in which the optical current of the photoelectric conversion unit 110 equal to the source current of the MOS transistor 504 is logarithmically compressed.
- the MOS transistor 501 is connected between the power line Vdd and the drain of the MOS transistor 504, and the gate and drain are short-circuited. Therefore, the drain current of the MOS transistor 504, that is, the photocurrent of the photoelectric conversion unit 110 flows through the MOS transistor 501.
- the MOS transistor 502 constitutes a current mirror circuit with the MOS transistor 501, and a current substantially equal to the drain current of the MOS transistor 501 flows. As a result, the photocurrent of the photoelectric conversion unit 110 is copied and supplied to the signal line 103 connected to the drain of the MOS transistor 502.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a buffer, a subtractor, and a quantizer according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a buffer 122, a subtractor 123, and a quantizer 124.
- Vb2 and Vb3 are signal lines that supply bias voltages, respectively.
- Vbon and Vboff are signal lines that supply voltages corresponding to the upper limit threshold value of the amount of increase in luminance and the upper limit threshold value of the amount of decrease in luminance described above in FIG.
- a p-channel MOS transistor can be used for the MOS transistors 511 to 515.
- An n-channel MOS transistor can be used for the MOS transistors 521 to 524.
- the signal line 129 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor 521, and the source of the MOS transistor 521 is grounded.
- the gate of the MOS transistor 511 is connected to the signal line Vb2, and the source is grounded to the power line Vdd.
- the drain of the MOS transistor 511 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor 521 and one end of the capacitor 531.
- the other end of the capacitor 531 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor 512, the source of the MOS transistor 513 and one end of the capacitor 532.
- the other end of the capacitor 532 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor 512, the drain of the MOS transistor 513, the drain of the MOS transistor 522, the gate of the MOS transistor 514 and the gate of the MOS transistor 515.
- the source of the MOS transistor 512 is connected to the power supply line Vdd, and the gate of the MOS transistor 513 is connected to the signal line 105.
- the source of the MOS transistor 522 is grounded and the gate is connected to the signal line Vb3.
- the source of the MOS transistor 514 and the source of the MOS transistor 515 are commonly connected to the power line Vdd.
- the drain of the MOS transistor 514 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor 523 and the signal line 128 (VCH).
- the source of the MOS transistor 523 is grounded and the gate is connected to the signal line Vbon.
- the drain of the MOS transistor 515 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor 526 and the signal line 128 (VCL), the source of the MOS transistor 524 is grounded, and the gate is connected to the signal line Vboff.
- the buffer 122 is composed of MOS transistors 511 and 521.
- the voltage signal input via the signal line 129 is amplified by the MOS transistor 521 and output to the subtractor 123.
- the MOS transistor 511 constitutes a drain load of the MOS transistor 521.
- the subtractor 123 is composed of MOS transistors 512, 513 and 522 and capacitors 531 and 532.
- the MOS transistor 512 constitutes an inverting amplifier.
- the MOS transistor 522 constitutes a constant current load.
- Capacitors 532 and MOS transistors 513 connected in parallel form a feedback circuit of an inverting amplifier composed of MOS transistors 512.
- the capacitor 531 corresponds to a coupled capacitor connected to the input of the inverting amplifier.
- the input of this inverting amplifier becomes a virtual grounding point.
- the potential of this virtual ground terminal is set to zero for convenience.
- the voltage signal output from the buffer 122 and applied to the capacitor 531 is defined as Vinit .
- the MOS transistor 513 is in a conductive state, and both ends of the capacitor 532 are short-circuited.
- the charge Q2 stored in the capacitor 532 is expressed by the following equation (3), where the capacitance of the capacitor 532 is C2 and the output voltage is V out.
- Q2 -C2 x V out ... (3)
- the above equation (5) represents the subtraction operation of the voltage signal, and the gain of the subtraction result is C1 / C2. Since it is usually desired to maximize the gain, it is preferable to design the capacitance C1 to be large and the capacitance C2 to be small. On the other hand, if the capacitance C2 is too small, kTC noise may increase and noise characteristics may deteriorate. Therefore, the capacitance reduction of the capacitance C2 is limited to a range in which noise can be tolerated.
- the change in the input signal is subtracted and output. Further, the change in the input signal is integrated in the capacitor 532.
- the reset signal is input to the gate of the MOS transistor 513 via the signal line 105, the MOS transistor 513 becomes conductive, the charge of the capacitor 532 is discharged, and the change in the integrated input signal is reset.
- the MOS transistors 514, 515, 523 and 524 constitute the quantizer 124.
- the MOS transistors 514 and 523 constitute a comparator and compares the output signal of the subtractor 123 with the bias voltage Vbon indicating the upper threshold. As a result of the comparison, when the output signal of the subtractor 123 exceeds Vbon, the on-event detection signal VCH is output to the transfer control unit 125 as a detection signal.
- the MOS transistors 515 and 524 form a comparator and compare the output signal of the subtractor 123 with the bias voltage Vboff indicating the lower limit threshold. As a result of the comparison, when the output signal of the subtractor 123 is less than Vboff, the off-event detection signal VCL is output to the transfer control unit 125 as a detection signal.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the region address event detection unit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a diagram showing a configuration example of the area address event detection unit 320.
- the region address event detection unit 320 in the figure includes a current-voltage conversion circuit 321, a buffer 322, a subtractor 323, a quantizer 324, and a transfer control unit 325.
- the optical current of the pixel 100 included in the region 591 is input to the current-voltage conversion circuit 321 to convert the total current of these optical currents into a voltage signal and perform logarithmic compression.
- the transfer control unit 325 exchanges requests and responses with the pixel selection unit 310. Further, the transfer control unit 325 outputs a reset signal of the subtractor 323 when a response is input. Other than this, the configuration of the transfer control unit 325 can be the same as that of the transfer control unit 125 described with reference to FIG.
- the buffer 322, the subtractor 323 and the quantizer 324 can have the same configuration as the buffer 122, the subtractor 123 and the quantizer 124 described in FIG. 4, respectively.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the current-voltage conversion circuit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the current-voltage conversion circuit 321.
- the current-voltage conversion circuit 321 includes MOS transistors 541 to 543 and a plurality of current mirror circuits 550.
- the circuit composed of the MOS transistors 541 to 543 converts the optical current into a voltage signal in the same manner as the current-voltage conversion circuit composed of the MOS transistors 503 to 505 described with reference to FIG.
- the current mirror circuit 550 includes MOS transistors 551 and 552.
- An n-channel MOS transistor can be used for the MOS transistors 551 and 552.
- the current mirror circuit 550 includes an input terminal Ii and an output terminal Io.
- the input terminal Ii is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor 551, the gate of the MOS transistor 551, and the gate of the MOS transistor 552.
- the source of the MOS transistor 551 and the source of the MOS transistor 552 are grounded.
- the drain of the MOS transistor 552 is connected to the output terminal Io.
- a current substantially equal to the current flowing through the input terminal Ii flows into the output terminal Io. Since the photocurrent of the pixel 100 included in the area 591 flows through the input terminal Ii, the same value of the current also flows through the output terminal Io.
- the same number of such current mirror circuits 550 as the pixels 100 included in the area 591 are arranged, and the photocurrent is input to each of the current mirror circuits 550. Since the output terminal Io of these current mirror circuits 550 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor 542, a current corresponding to the sum of the optical currents of the pixels 100 included in the region 591 flows through the MOS transistor 542. .. As a result, the current-voltage conversion circuit 321 converts the total photocurrent of the pixels 100 included in the region 591 into a voltage signal.
- the voltage signal output from the current-voltage conversion circuit 321 is processed by the buffer 322, the subtractor 323, and the quantizer 324, and the region address event is detected.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel selection unit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel selection unit 310.
- the pixel selection unit 310 in the figure includes a region arbiter 311 and a pixel arbiter 312.
- the area arbiter 311 mediates the request from the area address event detection unit 320.
- the area arbiter 311 arbitrates the requests from the plurality of area address event detection units 320, and outputs the response as the arbitration result. This arbitration can be performed, for example, by selecting the area address event detection unit 320 on a first-come, first-served basis. Further, the area arbiter 311 outputs the area 591 corresponding to the selected area address event detection unit 320 to the pixel arbiter 312.
- the pixel arbiter 312 mediates the request from the pixel address event detection unit 120.
- the pixel arbiter 312 performs arbitration for requests from a plurality of pixel address event detection units 120, and outputs a response as the arbitration result. This arbitration can be performed, for example, by preferentially selecting a request from the pixel address event detection unit 120 included in the area 591 selected by the area arbiter 311. Specifically, when the region arbiter 311 selects the region 591, the pixel address event detection unit 120 can be selected in the pixels 100 included in the region on a first-come, first-served basis to output a response.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 can be selected in the first-come-first-served order of the requests in all the pixels 100 of the pixel array unit 10, and the response can be output. .. In this way, the pixel selection unit 310 can select the pixel 100 based on the pixel address event and the area address event.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of image data generation processing according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a diagram showing an example of image data generation processing in the image sensor 2.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 detects the pixel address event in all the pixels 100 arranged in the pixel array unit 10, and the pixel selection unit 310 determines whether or not the pixel address event is detected (step S101). ). It can be determined that the pixel address event has been detected when the pixel address event is detected and the request is output by any of the pixel address event detection units 120 of the pixels 100 arranged in the pixel array unit 10. can.
- the pixel selection unit 310 waits until this pixel address event is detected and a request is output (steps S101 and No).
- the process of step S101 is an example of the pixel address event detection procedure described in the claims.
- step S101 Yes
- the pixel selection unit 310 determines whether or not the area address event is detected (step S102). It can be determined that the area address event has been detected when the area address event is detected and the request is output by any one of the plurality of area address event detection units 320.
- the process of step S102 is an example of the area address event detection procedure described in the claims.
- the pixel selection unit 310 selects the pixel address event detection unit 120 that detects the pixel address event and outputs the request (step S103).
- the pixel selection unit 310 can select the pixel address event detection unit 120 on a first-come, first-served basis.
- the pixel selection unit 310 outputs a response to the pixel address event detection unit 120 of the selected pixel 100 (step S104).
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 to which this response is output executes the detection result output process (step S110). After that, the process proceeds to step S101.
- the pixel selection unit 310 selects the area address event detection unit 320 that outputs the area address event (step S105).
- the pixel selection unit 310 can select the area address event detection unit 320 on a first-come, first-served basis.
- the pixel selection unit 310 outputs a response to the selected area address event detection unit 320 (step S106).
- the pixel selection unit 310 determines whether or not a pixel address event has been detected in the pixels 100 in the selected area (step S107).
- a pixel address event is detected, that is, when a request is output from the pixel address event detection unit 120 of the pixel 100 in the selected area (step S107, Yes)
- the pixel selection unit 310 outputs the request.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 is selected (step S108).
- the pixel selection unit 310 can select the pixel address event detection unit 120 on a first-come, first-served basis.
- the pixel selection unit 310 outputs a response to the selected pixel address event detection unit 120 (step S109).
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 to which this response is output executes the detection result output process (step S110). After that, the process from step S107 is repeated again.
- step S107 If the pixel address event is not detected in step S107 (steps S107, No), it can be determined that the detection result is output in all the pixels 100 in which the pixel address event in the selected area is detected. In this case, the process proceeds to step S101 again.
- the processing of steps S103 and S108 is an example of the selection procedure described in the claims.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the detection result output process according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the detection result output process (step S110) in FIG.
- the process in the figure shows an example of the process in the pixel address event detection unit 120.
- the transfer control unit 125 of the pixel address event detection unit 120 to which the response is output by the pixel selection unit 310 outputs the detection signal to the signal processing unit 40 and the control circuit 20 (step S111).
- image data is generated in the signal processing unit 40.
- a control signal is generated in the control circuit 20 and output to the subtractor 123.
- the subtractor 123 is reset by this control signal (step S112).
- the process of step S111 is an example of the detection result output procedure described in the claims.
- image data can be generated based on the detected pixel address event and area address event.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit and an arbiter according to a first modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the pixel array unit 10 and the arbiter 30 in the same manner as in FIG. It differs from the pixel array unit 10 of FIG. 3 in that an area is formed for each row of pixels 100 arranged in the pixel array unit 10. For convenience, the description of the control circuit 20 and some signal lines has been omitted, and the description of the pixel 100 has been simplified.
- the area 592 in the figure is an area arranged for each row of pixels 100 arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.
- the area address event detection unit 330 in the figure is arranged for each area 592.
- the photocurrent from the pixel 100 included in the area 592 is input to the area address event detection unit 330.
- the area address event detection unit 330 can detect the area address event of the corresponding area 592.
- the configuration of the area 591 is not limited to this example.
- the area 592 can be set for each of a plurality of columns such as every two columns of the pixels 100 arranged in the pixel array unit 10.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit and an arbiter according to a second modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the pixel array unit 10 and the arbiter 30 as in FIG. 12. It differs from the pixel array unit 10 of FIG. 12 in that an area is formed for each block of 2 rows and 2 columns of the pixels 100 arranged in the pixel array unit 10.
- the area 593 in the figure is an area arranged for each of the four pixels 100 in 2 rows and 2 columns of the pixels 100 arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.
- the area address event detection unit 340 in the figure is arranged for each area 593.
- the photocurrent from the pixel 100 included in the area 593 is input to the area address event detection unit 340, and the area address event in the area 593 can be detected.
- the configuration of the area 591 is not limited to this example.
- the area 593 can be set for each block of different sizes of the pixels 100 arranged in the pixel array unit 10.
- the image sensor 2 selects the pixel 100 based on the pixel address event and the region address event, and outputs a detection signal based on the pixel address event of the selected pixel 100. Output.
- regions can be prioritized based on detected region address events. By setting the priority of the region in which the region address event is detected to be high, it is possible to preferentially generate the image data in the region where the luminance change is large. This makes it possible to suppress the delay in detecting effective events such as the movement of the observation object. It is also possible to specify a region in which such a region address event is detected as a region of interest (ROI: Region Of Interest).
- ROI Region Of Interest
- an ineffective event such as noise is detected as a single pixel address event for each pixel 100.
- noise and the like can be suppressed.
- the pixel 100 in the region where the region address event is detected is preferentially selected and the pixel address event is detected.
- the second embodiment of the present disclosure is different from the first embodiment described above in that the pixel 100 in a region different from the region in which the region address event is detected is preferentially selected.
- the pixel selection unit 310 in the second embodiment of the present disclosure sets the priority of the area 591 in which the area address event is detected low. For example, the pixel selection unit 310 can omit the detection of the pixel address event of the pixel 100 included in the area 591 in which the area address event is detected. This makes it possible to stop the generation of image data in a region where the luminance change is large.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit and an arbiter according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the pixel array unit 10 and the arbiter 30 in the same manner as in FIG. It differs from the pixel array unit 10 of FIG. 3 in that the pixel selection unit 310 outputs a reset signal to the pixel address event detection unit 120.
- the pixel 100 is described as an example in the pixel array unit 10 in the figure.
- the pixel selection unit 310 in the figure outputs a reset signal to the pixel address event detection unit 120 arranged in the area 591 in which the area address event is detected.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 in the figure stops the output of the request when the reset signal is input.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 in the figure can reset its own subtractor 123 when a reset signal is input.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of image data generation processing according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of image data generation processing in the image sensor 2 as in FIG. 10. It differs from the image data generation process of FIG. 10 in that a process of outputting a reset signal to the pixel address event detection unit 120 (step S121) is performed after the process of step S108.
- the pixel selection unit 310 in the figure outputs a reset signal to all the pixels 100 in the area 591 in which the area address event is detected, thereby stopping the output of the detection signal from the pixel address event detection unit 120 in the area 591. Can be made to.
- the pixel selection unit 310 in the figure can output a response when a pixel address event is detected in the pixel 100 included in the region 591 different from the region 591 in which the region address event is detected. As a result, when strong light is applied to a part of the region 591 of the image pickup device by flicker or the like, the generation of image data in the region can be stopped.
- the image sensor 2 resets the pixel address event detection unit 120 included in the region where the region address event is detected, and is the region where the region address event is detected. Detect pixel address events in different regions. As a result, it is possible to suppress the generation of image data based on the pixel 100 in which the pixel address event is detected by flicker or the like.
- the pixel 100 in the region where the region address event is detected is preferentially selected and the pixel address event is detected.
- the third embodiment of the present disclosure differs from the first embodiment described above in that it is in a standby state until an address event in a specific region is detected.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an arbiter according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a diagram showing a configuration example of the arbiter 30.
- the arbiter 30 in the figure is different from the arbiter 30 in FIG. 3 in that it further includes a specific area address event detection unit 350 and a standby control unit 360.
- the specific region address event detection unit 350 detects an address event based on a change in the amount of charge generated by the photoelectric conversion of the photoelectric conversion unit 110 included in the specific region among all the pixels 100 arranged in the pixel array unit 10. To detect.
- the specific area address event detection unit 350 in the figure shows an example of detecting an address event with the pixel array unit 10 as a specific area.
- the photocurrents of all the pixels 100 included in the pixel array unit 10 are input to the specific area address event detection unit 350 in the figure, and when the amount of change in the total sum of these photocurrents exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the address is reached. Detect events.
- the specific area address event detection unit 350 that has detected this address event can output a request in the same manner as the area address event detection unit 320.
- the standby control unit 360 controls the standby state for stopping the output of the detection result of the pixel address event.
- the standby control unit 360 controls the standby state based on the address event detected by the specific area address event detection unit 350. Specifically, the standby control unit 360 can shift the image pickup device 2 to the standby state when there is no output of a request from the specific area address event detection unit 350 during a preset period. The transition to the standby state can be performed, for example, by stopping the output of the response to the pixel address event detection unit 120 in the pixel selection unit 310.
- the standby control unit 360 can return from the standby state to the normal state for generating image data.
- the image sensor 2 detects an address event based on the change in the total photocurrent of the photoelectric conversion unit included in the specific region of the pixel array unit 10 and is in a standby state. By controlling the above, the power consumption of the image sensor 2 can be reduced.
- image data is generated from the detection signal of the pixel address event output from the pixel 100.
- the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure differs from the first embodiment described above in that image data is generated from an image signal generated based on incident light.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel array unit and an arbiter according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the pixel array unit 10 and the arbiter 30 in the same manner as in FIG. It differs from the pixel array unit 10 of FIG. 3 in that the photoelectric conversion unit 130 and the image signal generation unit 140 are further arranged on the pixel 100.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 130 can be configured by a photodiode in the same manner as the photoelectric conversion unit 110.
- the image signal generation unit 140 generates an image signal based on the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion of the photoelectric conversion unit 130.
- the image signal generation unit 140 is controlled by the control signal output from the control circuit 20 to generate an image signal, and outputs the image signal to the signal processing unit 40.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 in the figure outputs a detection signal to the control circuit 20 when a response is output from the pixel selection unit 310.
- the control circuit 20 outputs a control signal to the image signal generation unit 140 of the pixel 100 that outputs this detection signal. As a result, an image signal is generated and output.
- the image pickup device 2 can generate an image signal at the pixel 100 in which the address event is detected.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the image signal generation unit according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the image signal generation unit 140.
- the image signal generation unit 140 includes a charge holding unit 571 and MOS transistors 561 to 564.
- An n-channel MOS transistor can be used for the MOS transistors 561 to 564.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 130 is further shown in the figure.
- the anode of the photoelectric conversion unit 130 is grounded, and the cathode is connected to the source of the MOS transistor 561.
- the drain of the MOS transistor 561 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor 562, the gate of the MOS transistor 563, and one end of the charge holding portion 571. The other end of the charge holding portion 571 is grounded.
- the drain of the MOS transistors 562 and 563 is commonly connected to the power line Vdd, and the source of the MOS transistor 563 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor 564.
- the source of the MOS transistor 564 is connected to the signal line 106.
- the gates of the MOS transistors 561, 562 and 564 are connected to the transfer signal line TR, the reset signal line RST and the selection signal line SEL, respectively.
- the transfer signal line TR, the reset signal line RST, and the selection signal line SEL constitute the signal line 105.
- the MOS transistor 561 is a transistor that transfers the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion of the photoelectric conversion unit 130 to the charge holding unit 571.
- the charge transfer in the MOS transistor 561 is controlled by the signal transmitted by the transfer signal line TR.
- the charge holding unit 571 is a capacitor that holds the charge transferred by the MOS transistor 561.
- the MOS transistor 563 is a transistor that generates a signal based on the charge held in the charge holding unit 571.
- the MOS transistor 564 is a transistor that outputs a signal generated by the MOS transistor 563 to the signal line 12 as an image signal.
- the MOS transistor 564 is controlled by a signal transmitted by the selection signal line SEL.
- the MOS transistor 562 is a transistor that resets the charge holding unit 571 by discharging the charge held in the charge holding unit 571 to the power supply line Vdd.
- the reset by the MOS transistor 562 is controlled by the signal transmitted by the reset signal line RST, and is executed before the charge transfer by the MOS transistor 561.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 130 can also be reset by conducting the MOS transistor 561. In this way, the image signal generation unit 140 converts the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 130 into an image signal.
- the image sensor 2 arranges the image signal generation unit 140 in the pixel 100 to generate the image signal in the pixel 100 in which the pixel address event is detected.
- the image data By updating the image data using the generated image signal, it is possible to update only the image in the region where the brightness has changed. As a result, image data can be generated at high speed.
- the configuration of the second embodiment can be applied to other embodiments. Specifically, the pixel selection unit 310 of FIG. 14 can be applied to the pixel selection unit 310 of FIGS. 12, 13 and 16.
- the configuration of the third embodiment can be applied to other embodiments. Specifically, the specific area address event detection unit 350 and the standby control unit 360 of FIG. 16 can be applied to the pixel selection unit 310 of FIGS. 12 to 14.
- the configuration of the fourth embodiment can be applied to other embodiments.
- the image signal generation unit 140 of FIG. 17 can be applied to the pixels 100 of FIGS. 12 and 13.
- the image pickup element 2 has a plurality of pixels 100 having a photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of incident light, and an address event of its own pixel 100 based on a change in the amount of charge generated by the photoelectric conversion arranged for each pixel 100.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 that detects the pixel address event, and the address in the region based on the change in the amount of charge generated by the photoelectric conversion in the plurality of pixels 100 included in the predetermined region among the plurality of pixels 100.
- the area address event detection unit 320 that detects the area address event, which is an event, selects the pixel 100 based on the detected pixel address event and the area address event, and outputs the detection result of the pixel address event to the selected pixel. It has a pixel selection unit 310.
- the pixel 100 can be selected based on the area address event and the pixel address event, and the pixel 100 that has detected the pixel address event can be selected for each predetermined area.
- the plurality of pixels 100 are arranged in the shape of a two-dimensional matrix.
- a predetermined area is arranged for each row of the two-dimensional matrix.
- a predetermined area is arranged for each column of the two-dimensional matrix.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 detects the pixel address event based on the change in the optical current, which is a current corresponding to the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion, and the region address event detection unit 320 detects the pixel address event.
- the region address event is detected based on the change in the optical current of each of the plurality of pixels 100 included in the region.
- the region address event detection unit 320 detects the region address event based on the change in the total photocurrent of each of the plurality of pixels 100 included in the region.
- the pixel selection unit 310 selects the pixel 100 based on the pixel address event detected in the pixel 100 included in the region in which the area address event is detected.
- the pixel selection unit 310 selects the pixel 100 based on the pixel address event detected in the pixel 100 included in the region different from the region in which the region address event is detected.
- the pixel selection unit 310 selects the pixel 100 based on the detected pixel address event when the area address event is not detected.
- an address event in a specific region is generated based on a change in the amount of charge generated by photoelectric conversion in the plurality of pixels 100 included in the specific region of the pixel array unit composed of the plurality of pixels 100.
- the specific area address event detection unit 350 to detect and the standby control unit 360 that controls the standby state to stop the output of the detection result of the pixel address event in the pixel 100 based on the detection result of the specific area address event detection unit 350. Have more.
- the specific area address event detection unit 350 detects an address event with the pixel array unit 10 as a specific area.
- the pixel address event detection unit 120 detects a pixel address event when the amount of change in the generated charge exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
- the region address event detection unit 320 detects a region address event when the amount of change in the electric charge generated in the plurality of pixels 100 included in the predetermined region exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
- the image sensor 2 further includes an image signal generation unit 140 that is arranged for each pixel 100 and generates an image signal that is a signal based on a charge generated by photoelectric conversion of incident light, and the pixel selection unit 310 selects.
- the image signal is output to the image signal generation unit 140 of the pixel 100 as a detection result of the pixel address event.
- the image pickup method in the image pickup element 2 is a pixel address, which is a pixel address event based on a change in the amount of charge generated by the photoelectric conversion for each of a plurality of pixels 100 including a photoelectric conversion unit 110 that performs photoelectric conversion of incident light.
- a region address event that is an address event in a region based on a pixel address event detection procedure for detecting an event and a change in the amount of charge generated by photoelectric conversion in a plurality of pixels included in a predetermined region among the plurality of pixels 100.
- the area address event detection procedure for detecting the selection procedure for selecting the pixel 100 based on the detected pixel address event and the area address event, and the detection result output for causing the selected pixel 100 to output the detection result of the pixel address event. Including the procedure.
- the pixel 100 can be selected based on the area address event and the pixel address event, and the pixel 100 that has detected the pixel address event can be selected for each predetermined area.
- a plurality of pixels including a photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of incident light, and A pixel address event detection unit that is arranged for each pixel and detects a pixel address event that is an address event of its own pixel based on a change in the amount of charge generated by the photoelectric conversion.
- a region address event detection unit that detects a region address event, which is an address event in the region, based on a change in the amount of charge generated by photoelectric conversion in the plurality of pixels included in a predetermined region among the plurality of pixels.
- An image pickup device having a pixel selection unit that selects the pixel based on the detected pixel address event and region address event and outputs the detection result of the pixel address event to the selected pixel.
- the image pickup device according to (1) above wherein the plurality of pixels are arranged in the shape of a two-dimensional matrix.
- the predetermined region is arranged for each row of the two-dimensional matrix.
- the pixel address event detection unit detects the pixel address event based on the change in the photocurrent, which is a current corresponding to the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion.
- the image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the region address event detection unit detects the region address event based on a change in the photocurrent of each of a plurality of pixels included in the region.
- the region address event detection unit detects the region address event based on a change in the total photocurrent of each of a plurality of pixels included in the region.
- the pixel selection unit selects the pixel based on the pixel address event detected in the pixel included in the region in which the region address event is detected.
- the pixel selection unit selects the pixel based on the pixel address event detected in the pixel included in the region different from the region in which the region address event is detected (1).
- the image pickup device according to any one of 6).
- the image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (8) above, wherein the pixel selection unit selects the pixel based on the detected pixel address event when the area address event is not detected. .. (10) Specific detection of an address event in a specific region based on a change in the amount of charge generated by photoelectric conversion in the plurality of pixels included in the specific region of the pixel array unit composed of the plurality of pixels.
- the image sensor described in Crab. (11) The image pickup device according to (10), wherein the specific area address event detection unit detects the address event with the pixel array unit as the specific area. (12) The image pickup according to any one of (1) to (11) above, wherein the pixel address event detection unit detects the pixel address event when the generated charge amount changes beyond a predetermined threshold value. element.
- the region address event detection unit detects any of the region address events (1) to (12) when the amount of charge generated in the plurality of pixels changes beyond a predetermined threshold value.
- the image pickup device according to. (14) Further having an image signal generation unit which is arranged for each pixel and generates an image signal which is a signal based on a charge generated by photoelectric conversion of the incident light.
- the image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the pixel selection unit outputs the image signal to the image signal generation unit of the selected pixel as a detection result of the pixel address event.
- a pixel address event that detects a pixel address event, which is an address event of the pixel, based on a change in the amount of charge generated by the photoelectric conversion for each of a plurality of pixels including a photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of incident light.
- Detection procedure and A region address event detection procedure for detecting a region address event, which is an address event in the region, based on a change in the amount of charge generated by photoelectric conversion in the plurality of pixels included in a predetermined region among the plurality of pixels.
- a selection procedure for selecting the pixel based on the detected pixel address event and region address event
- An imaging method including a detection result output procedure for outputting the detection result of the pixel address event to the selected pixel.
- Image sensor 2 Image sensor 10 Pixel array unit 30 Arbiter 40 Signal processing unit 100 Pixel 110, 130 Photoelectric conversion unit 120 Pixel address event detection unit 140 Image signal generation unit 310 Pixel selection unit 311 Area arbiter 312 Pixel arbiter 320, 330, 340 Area address event detection unit 350 Specific area address event detection unit 360 Standby control unit 591 to 593 area
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Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態
2.第2の実施の形態
3.第3の実施の形態
4.第4の実施の形態
[撮像装置の構成]
図1は、本開示の実施形態に係る撮像装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。同図は、撮像装置1の構成例を表す図である。
図2は、本開示の実施形態に係る撮像素子の構成例を示すブロック図である。同図は、撮像素子2の構成例を表すブロック図である。同図の撮像素子2は、画素アレイ部10と、制御回路20と、アービタ30と、信号処理部40とを備える。
図3は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部およびアービタの構成例を示す図である。同図は、画素アレイ部10およびアービタ30の構成例を説明する図である。同図の画素アレイ部10の画素100は、光電変換部110と画素アドレスイベント検出部120とを備える。
図4は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る画素アドレスイベント検出部の構成例を示す図である。同図は、画素アドレスイベント検出部120の構成例を表す図である。同図の画素アドレスイベント検出部120は、電流電圧変換回路121と、バッファ122と、減算器123と、量子化器124と、転送制御部125とを備える。
図5は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る電流電圧変換回路の構成例を示す図である。同図は、電流電圧変換回路121の構成例を表す回路図である。同図の電流電圧変換回路121は、MOSトランジスタ501乃至505を備える。なお、同図には、光電変換部110をさらに記載した。同図においてVddは、電源を供給する電源線を表す。Vb1は、バイアス電圧を供給する信号線を表す。MOSトランジスタ501乃至503には、pチャネルMOSトランジスタを使用することができる。MOSトランジスタ504および505には、nチャネルMOSトランジスタを使用することができる。
図6は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係るバッファ、減算器および量子化器の構成例を示す図である。同図は、バッファ122、減算器123および量子化器124の構成例を表す回路図である。同図において、Vb2およびVb3は、それぞれバイアス電圧を供給する信号線である。VbonおよびVboffは、図1において前述した輝度の上昇量の上限しきい値および輝度の低下量の上限しきい値に相当する電圧を供給する信号線である。MOSトランジスタ511乃至515にはpチャネルMOSトランジスタを使用することができる。MOSトランジスタ521乃至524にはnチャネルMOSトランジスタを使用することができる。
Qinit=C1×Vinit ・・(1)
Qafter=C1×Vafter ・・(2)
Q2=-C2×Vout ・・(3)
Qinit=Qafter+Q2 ・・(4)
Vout=-(C1/C2)×(Vafter-Vinit) ・・(5)
図7は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る領域アドレスイベント検出部の構成例を示す図である。同図は、領域アドレスイベント検出部320の構成例を表す図である。同図の領域アドレスイベント検出部320は、電流電圧変換回路321と、バッファ322と、減算器323と、量子化器324と、転送制御部325とを備える。
図8は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る電流電圧変換回路の構成例を示す図である。同図は、電流電圧変換回路321の構成例を表す回路図である。電流電圧変換回路321は、MOSトランジスタ541乃至543および複数のカレントミラー回路550を備える。
図9は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る画素選択部の構成例を示すブロック図である。同図は、画素選択部310の構成例を表す図である。同図の画素選択部310は、領域アービタ311と、画素アービタ312とを備える。
図10は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る画像データ生成処理の一例を示す図である。同図は、撮像素子2における画像データの生成処理の一例を表す図である。まず、画素アレイ部10に配置された全ての画素100において画素アドレスイベント検出部120が画素アドレスイベントの検出を行い、画素選択部310は画素アドレスイベントが検出されたか否かを判断する(ステップS101)。これは、画素アレイ部10に配置される画素100の画素アドレスイベント検出部120の何れかにおいて画素アドレスイベントが検出されてリクエストが出力される場合に、画素アドレスイベントが検出されたと判断することができる。画素選択部310は、この画素アドレスイベントが検出されてリクエストが出力されるまで待機する(ステップS101,No)。なお、ステップS101の処理は、請求の範囲に記載の画素アドレスイベント検出手順の一例である。
図11は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る検出結果出力処理の一例を示す図である。同図は、図10における検出結果出力処理(ステップS110)の一例を表す図である。なお、同図の処理は、画素アドレスイベント検出部120における処理の一例を表したものである。まず、画素選択部310により応答が出力された画素アドレスイベント検出部120の転送制御部125が検出信号を信号処理部40および制御回路20に出力する(ステップS111)。これにより、信号処理部40において画像データが生成される。また、制御回路20において制御信号が生成されて減算器123に対して出力される。この制御信号により減算器123がリセットされる(ステップS112)。その後、検出結果出力処理を終了する。なお、ステップS111の処理は、請求の範囲に記載の検出結果出力手順の一例である。
図12は、本開示の第1の実施形態の第1の変形例に係る画素アレイ部およびアービタの構成例を示す図である。同図は、図3と同様に画素アレイ部10およびアービタ30の構成を説明する図である。画素アレイ部10に配置された画素100の列毎に領域が形成される点で、図3の画素アレイ部10と異なる。便宜上、制御回路20および一部の信号線の記載を省略し、画素100の記載を簡略化した。
図13は、本開示の第1の実施形態の第2の変形例に係る画素アレイ部およびアービタの構成例を示す図である。同図は、図12と同様に画素アレイ部10およびアービタ30の構成を説明する図である。画素アレイ部10に配置された画素100の2行2列のブロック毎に領域が形成される点で、図12の画素アレイ部10と異なる。
上述の第1の実施形態は、領域アドレスイベントが検出された領域の画素100が優先的に選択されて画素アドレスイベントが検出されていた。これに対し、本開示の第2の実施形態では、領域アドレスイベントが検出された領域とは異なる領域の画素100が優先的に選択される点で、上述の第1の実施形態と異なる。
図14は、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部およびアービタの構成例を示す図である。同図は、図3と同様に画素アレイ部10およびアービタ30の構成を説明する図である。画素選択部310が画素アドレスイベント検出部120に対してリセット信号を出力する点で、図3の画素アレイ部10と異なる。便宜上、同図の画素アレイ部10には1つの画素100を例として記載した。
図15は、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る画像データ生成処理の一例を示す図である。同図は、図10と同様に、撮像素子2における画像データの生成処理の一例を表す図である。ステップS108の処理の後に、画素アドレスイベント検出部120にリセット信号を出力する処理(ステップS121)を行う点で、図10の画像データの生成処理と異なる。
上述の第1の実施形態は、領域アドレスイベントが検出された領域の画素100が優先的に選択されて画素アドレスイベントが検出されていた。これに対し、本開示の第3の実施形態では、特定の領域におけるアドレスイベントが検出されるまで待機状態になる点で、上述の第1の実施形態と異なる。
図16は、本開示の第3の実施形態に係るアービタの構成例を示す図である。同図は、アービタ30の構成例を表す図である。同図のアービタ30は、特定領域アドレスイベント検出部350および待機制御部360をさらに備える点で、図3のアービタ30と異なる。
上述の第1の実施形態は、画素100から出力される画素アドレスイベントの検出信号から画像データを生成していた。これに対し、本開示の第4の実施形態では、入射光に基づいて生成される画像信号から画像データを生成する点で、上述の第1の実施形態と異なる。
図17は、本開示の第4の実施形態に係る画素アレイ部およびアービタの構成例を示す図である。同図は、図3と同様に画素アレイ部10およびアービタ30の構成を説明する図である。画素100に光電変換部130および画像信号生成部140がさらに配置される点で、図3の画素アレイ部10と異なる。
図18は、本開示の第4の実施形態に係る画像信号生成部の構成例を示す図である。同図は、画像信号生成部140の構成例を表す回路図である。画像信号生成部140は、電荷保持部571と、MOSトランジスタ561乃至564とを備える。MOSトランジスタ561乃至564には、nチャネルMOSトランジスタを使用することができる。なお、同図には、光電変換部130をさらに記載した。
撮像素子2は、入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部を備える複数の画素100と、画素100毎に配置されて光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて自身の画素100のアドレスイベントである画素アドレスイベントを検出する画素アドレスイベント検出部120と、複数の画素100のうちの所定の領域に含まれる複数の画素100における光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて領域におけるアドレスイベントである領域アドレスイベントを検出する領域アドレスイベント検出部320と、検出された画素アドレスイベントおよび領域アドレスイベントに基づいて画素100を選択して選択された画素に画素アドレスイベントの検出結果を出力させる画素選択部310とを有する。
(1)入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部を備える複数の画素と、
前記画素毎に配置されて前記光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて自身の画素のアドレスイベントである画素アドレスイベントを検出する画素アドレスイベント検出部と、
前記複数の画素のうちの所定の領域に含まれる複数の前記画素における光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて当該領域におけるアドレスイベントである領域アドレスイベントを検出する領域アドレスイベント検出部と、
前記検出された画素アドレスイベントおよび領域アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択して当該選択された画素に前記画素アドレスイベントの検出結果を出力させる画素選択部と
を有する撮像素子。
(2)前記複数の画素は、2次元行列の形状に配置される前記(1)に記載の撮像素子。
(3)前記所定の領域は、前記2次元行列の行毎に配置される前記(2)に記載の撮像素子。
(4)前記所定の領域は、前記2次元行列の列毎に配置される前記(2)に記載の撮像素子。
(5)前記画素アドレスイベント検出部は、前記光電変換により生成される電荷に応じた電流である光電流の変化に基づいて前記画素アドレスイベントを検出し、
前記領域アドレスイベント検出部は、前記領域に含まれる複数の画素のそれぞれの光電流の変化に基づいて前記領域アドレスイベントを検出する
前記(1)から(4)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(6)前記領域アドレスイベント検出部は、前記領域に含まれる複数の画素のそれぞれの光電流の総和の変化に基づいて前記領域アドレスイベントを検出する前記(5)に記載の撮像素子。
(7)前記画素選択部は、前記領域アドレスイベントが検出された前記領域に含まれる前記画素において検出された前記画素アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択する前記(1)から(6)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(8)前記画素選択部は、前記領域アドレスイベントが検出された前記領域とは異なる領域に含まれる前記画素において検出された前記画素アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択する前記(1)から(6)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(9)前記画素選択部は、前記領域アドレスイベントが検出されない場合には前記検出された画素アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択する前記(1)から(8)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(10)前記複数の画素により構成される画素アレイ部の特定の領域に含まれる複数の前記画素における光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて当該特定の領域におけるアドレスイベントを検出する特定領域アドレスイベント検出部と、
前記特定領域アドレスイベント検出部の検出結果に基づいて前記画素における画素アドレスイベントの検出結果の出力を停止させる待機状態の制御を行う待機制御部と
をさらに有する前記(1)から(9)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(11)前記特定領域アドレスイベント検出部は、前記画素アレイ部を前記特定の領域として前記アドレスイベントを検出する前記(10)に記載の撮像素子。
(12)前記画素アドレスイベント検出部は、前記生成される電荷量が所定の閾値を超えて変化する場合に前記画素アドレスイベントを検出する前記(1)から(11)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(13)前記領域アドレスイベント検出部は、前記複数の画素において生成される電荷量が所定の閾値を超えて変化する場合に前記領域アドレスイベントを検出する前記(1)から(12)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(14)前記画素毎に配置されて前記入射光の光電変換により生成される電荷に基づく信号である画像信号を生成する画像信号生成部をさらに有し、
前記画素選択部は、前記選択した画素の前記画像信号生成部に前記画像信号を前記画素アドレスイベントの検出結果として出力させる
前記(1)から(13)の何れかに記載の撮像素子。
(15)入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部を備える複数の画素毎に前記光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて当該画素のアドレスイベントである画素アドレスイベントを検出する画素アドレスイベント検出手順と、
前記複数の画素のうちの所定の領域に含まれる複数の前記画素における光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて当該領域におけるアドレスイベントである領域アドレスイベントを検出する領域アドレスイベント検出手順と、
前記検出された画素アドレスイベントおよび領域アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択する選択手順と、
前記選択された画素に前記画素アドレスイベントの検出結果を出力させる検出結果出力手順と
を含む撮像方法。
2 撮像素子
10 画素アレイ部
30 アービタ
40 信号処理部
100 画素
110、130 光電変換部
120 画素アドレスイベント検出部
140 画像信号生成部
310 画素選択部
311 領域アービタ
312 画素アービタ
320、330、340 領域アドレスイベント検出部
350 特定領域アドレスイベント検出部
360 待機制御部
591~593 領域
Claims (15)
- 入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部を備える複数の画素と、
前記画素毎に配置されて前記光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて自身の画素のアドレスイベントである画素アドレスイベントを検出する画素アドレスイベント検出部と、
前記複数の画素のうちの所定の領域に含まれる複数の前記画素における光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて当該領域におけるアドレスイベントである領域アドレスイベントを検出する領域アドレスイベント検出部と、
前記検出された画素アドレスイベントおよび領域アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択して当該選択された画素に前記画素アドレスイベントの検出結果を出力させる画素選択部と
を有する撮像素子。 - 前記複数の画素は、2次元行列の形状に配置される請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記所定の領域は、前記2次元行列の行毎に配置される請求項2に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記所定の領域は、前記2次元行列の列毎に配置される請求項2に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記画素アドレスイベント検出部は、前記光電変換により生成される電荷に応じた電流である光電流の変化に基づいて前記画素アドレスイベントを検出し、
前記領域アドレスイベント検出部は、前記領域に含まれる複数の画素のそれぞれの光電流の変化に基づいて前記領域アドレスイベントを検出する
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記領域アドレスイベント検出部は、前記領域に含まれる複数の画素のそれぞれの光電流の総和の変化に基づいて前記領域アドレスイベントを検出する請求項5に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記画素選択部は、前記領域アドレスイベントが検出された前記領域に含まれる前記画素において検出された前記画素アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択する請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記画素選択部は、前記領域アドレスイベントが検出された前記領域とは異なる領域に含まれる前記画素において検出された前記画素アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択する請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記画素選択部は、前記領域アドレスイベントが検出されない場合には前記検出された画素アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択する請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記複数の画素により構成される画素アレイ部の特定の領域に含まれる複数の前記画素における光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて当該特定の領域におけるアドレスイベントを検出する特定領域アドレスイベント検出部と、
前記特定領域アドレスイベント検出部の検出結果に基づいて前記画素における画素アドレスイベントの検出結果の出力を停止させる待機状態の制御を行う待機制御部と
をさらに有する請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記特定領域アドレスイベント検出部は、前記画素アレイ部を前記特定の領域として前記アドレスイベントを検出する請求項10に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記画素アドレスイベント検出部は、前記生成される電荷量が所定の閾値を超えて変化する場合に前記画素アドレスイベントを検出する請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記領域アドレスイベント検出部は、前記所定の領域に含まれる複数の画素において生成される電荷量が所定の閾値を超えて変化する場合に前記領域アドレスイベントを検出する請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記画素毎に配置されて前記入射光の光電変換により生成される電荷に基づく信号である画像信号を生成する画像信号生成部をさらに有し、
前記画素選択部は、前記選択した画素の前記画像信号生成部に前記画像信号を前記画素アドレスイベントの検出結果として出力させる
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 入射光の光電変換を行う光電変換部を備える複数の画素毎に前記光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて当該画素のアドレスイベントである画素アドレスイベントを検出する画素アドレスイベント検出手順と、
前記複数の画素のうちの所定の領域に含まれる複数の前記画素における光電変換により生成される電荷量の変化に基づいて当該領域におけるアドレスイベントである領域アドレスイベントを検出する領域アドレスイベント検出手順と、
前記検出された画素アドレスイベントおよび領域アドレスイベントに基づいて前記画素を選択する選択手順と、
前記選択された画素に前記画素アドレスイベントの検出結果を出力させる検出結果出力手順と
を含む撮像方法。
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| US11991465B2 (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2024-05-21 | Omnivision Technologies, Inc. | Low power event driven pixels with passive, differential difference detection circuitry, and reset control circuits for the same |
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2021
- 2021-07-02 WO PCT/JP2021/025194 patent/WO2022009807A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-02 JP JP2022535303A patent/JPWO2022009807A1/ja active Pending
- 2021-07-02 CN CN202180047450.4A patent/CN116057945B/zh active Active
- 2021-07-02 US US18/003,808 patent/US12088934B2/en active Active
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| JP2009516476A (ja) * | 2005-11-14 | 2009-04-16 | サーノフ コーポレーション | ハイブリッドのピクセル配列を有するcmosイメージ・センサ |
| JP2017531865A (ja) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-10-26 | クアルコム,インコーポレイテッド | イベントベースのコンピュータビジョン計算 |
| JP2020072471A (ja) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-07 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像素子、撮像装置、および、固体撮像素子の制御方法 |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024062842A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-28 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
| EP4432687A1 (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2024-09-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Imaging device and equipment |
| US12525015B2 (en) | 2023-03-14 | 2026-01-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Imaging device and equipment |
| WO2025187390A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-08 | 2025-09-12 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置、撮像方法 |
| WO2025192222A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-12 | 2025-09-18 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 光検出装置、光検出方法、及び、電子機器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2022009807A1 (ja) | 2022-01-13 |
| US20230262349A1 (en) | 2023-08-17 |
| CN116057945A (zh) | 2023-05-02 |
| CN116057945B (zh) | 2025-10-17 |
| US12088934B2 (en) | 2024-09-10 |
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