WO2022007709A1 - 一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法及电池检测设备 - Google Patents
一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法及电池检测设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022007709A1 WO2022007709A1 PCT/CN2021/104091 CN2021104091W WO2022007709A1 WO 2022007709 A1 WO2022007709 A1 WO 2022007709A1 CN 2021104091 W CN2021104091 W CN 2021104091W WO 2022007709 A1 WO2022007709 A1 WO 2022007709A1
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- battery
- voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of battery detection, and in particular, to a detection method and battery detection device for a vehicle battery.
- the vehicle battery is a necessary part of the vehicle operation, such as the most common lead-acid battery used in electric vehicles, etc., not only used to start the car, but also used to support all electronic loads on the car, such as ECU, etc.
- ECU electronic loads on the car
- it is extremely important to be able to determine whether the vehicle battery needs to be replaced in advance, so that the user can clearly understand the load capacity of the battery and replace it with a new battery in time, so as to avoid the risk of starting and running, for example, during long-distance driving, the battery is damaged halfway, Or, it cannot carry loads such as the ECU of the car.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery detection device, and the battery detection device includes:
- the controller is specifically configured to:
- the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the controller, the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the source of the MOS transistor, and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the MOS transistor
- the gate of the MOS transistor is connected to the first terminal of the load, and the drain of the MOS transistor is connected to the first connection terminal.
- the current sampling circuit includes a second operational amplifier, the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the first terminal of the load, and the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the The second end of the load, the output end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the controller.
- the method for detecting a vehicle battery and the battery detecting device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can obtain the voltage drop by controlling the battery to be tested to discharge under a preset discharge condition. According to the voltage drop value, the battery characteristics of the battery to be tested and the preset mapping relationship, it can be determined whether the battery to be tested needs to be replaced, so that the detection is fast and accurate, and the detection efficiency is improved.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the discharge circuit and the voltage sampling circuit shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sub-flow of step 420 shown in FIG. 4;
- the discharge circuit 10 includes a switch circuit 11 , a load 12 and a current sampling circuit 13 .
- the controller 30 adjusts the switch circuit 11 according to the magnitude of the discharge current detected by the current sampling circuit 20, so that the battery to be tested 200 is discharged under the preset discharge condition, wherein the preset discharge
- the condition includes discharging the battery under test 200 for a preset duration according to a preset discharge current.
- the switch circuit 11 includes a MOS transistor Q and a first operational amplifier U1 , and the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected to the controller 30 (the DAC port of the microcontroller U4 ) ), the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q, the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q, the The source is connected to the first terminal of the load 12 , and the drain of the MOS transistor Q is connected to the first connection terminal 101 .
- the second end of the load 12 is connected to the fourth connection end 104 , and the fourth connection end 104 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery under test 200 .
- the first driving signal is further adjusted, so that when the voltage difference VGS is greater than the turn-on voltage of the MOS transistor Q, the MOS transistor Q is turned on, and the discharge loop generates current, that is, The battery to be tested 200 begins to discharge.
- the discharge current flows through the load 12 , and the voltage of the first end of the load 12 increases, that is, the voltage of the first end of the load 12 is equivalent to the voltage of the load 12 .
- the voltage drop value of the load 12 is sent to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 as a voltage drop signal. Due to the negative feedback effect of the first operational amplifier U1, after processing the voltage signal and the voltage drop signal, the first operational amplifier U1 will output a stable second driving signal to the MOS transistor Q's gate. Under the action of the stable second driving signal, the conduction degree of the MOS transistor Q is certain, and the internal resistance of the channel of the MOS transistor Q is stable, so that the discharge current in the discharge loop can be ensured to be stable.
- the magnitude of the second driving signal is related to the magnitude of the voltage signal sent by the controller 30 , so that a stable discharge current of a corresponding magnitude can be obtained by adjusting the voltage signal sent by the controller 30 .
- the load 12 includes a resistor, a first terminal of the resistor is electrically connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q, and a second terminal of the resistor is electrically connected to the fourth connection terminal 104 .
- the resistance value of the resistor can be set according to the actual situation, for example, the resistance value of the resistor is 10 m ⁇ , so that the discharge current of the battery to be tested 200 can be a large current.
- the current sampling circuit 13 includes a second operational amplifier U2, the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected to the first terminal of the load 12, and the inverting phase of the second operational amplifier U2 The input terminal is connected to the second terminal of the load 12, and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected to the controller. Therefore, the voltage of the first terminal of the load 12 is input to the non-inverting terminal of the second operational amplifier U2, and the voltage of the second terminal of the load 12 is input to the inverting terminal of the second operational amplifier U2. After processing by the operational amplifier U2, the voltage across the load 12 is obtained and sent to the controller 30, and the controller 30 can determine the flow through the The current of the load 12 is the discharge current in the discharge circuit.
- the discharge circuit 10 further includes a diode D1, a first end of the diode D1 is connected to the first connection end 101, and a second end of the diode D1 is connected to the The drain of the MOS transistor Q, the diode D1 is used to prevent the discharge current from flowing back into the battery under test 200 .
- the battery under test 200 is electrically connected through the second connection end 102 and the third connection end 103 for detecting the voltage across the battery under test 200 .
- the voltage at both ends of the battery under test 200 collected by the voltage sampling circuit 20 is the initial voltage; when the discharge circuit 10 is in the connected state, the battery under test 200 is discharged, and the voltage at both ends of the battery to be tested 200 collected by the voltage sampling circuit 20 is the voltage after discharge.
- the voltage sampling circuit 20 includes a third operational amplifier U3, the non-inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 is connected to the second connection terminal 102, and the inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 The terminal is connected to the third connection terminal 103 , and the output terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 is connected to the controller 30 .
- the second connection end 102 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery to be tested 200
- the third connection end 103 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery to be tested 200
- the third operational amplifier U3 collects the The voltage is the voltage across the battery 200 to be tested.
- the preset mapping relationship includes the corresponding relationship between the battery characteristics and the voltage drop interval, and the lower limit value of the voltage drop interval is determined by the voltage drop value obtained by the new battery according to the preset discharge condition.
- the upper limit of the drop interval is determined by the voltage drop value obtained by the critical battery according to the preset discharge condition, and the critical battery is a battery with a battery capacity of 80% of the rated capacity.
- the controller 30 includes a single-chip microcomputer U4, and the single-chip microcomputer U4 can adopt 51 series, iOS series, STM32 series, etc., and the single-chip microcomputer U4 includes a DAC port, an ADC1 port, and an ADC2 port.
- the DAC port of the single-chip microcomputer U4 is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1, the ADC1 port of the single-chip microcomputer U4 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U2, and the ADC2 port of the single-chip microcomputer U4 is electrically connected to the third operational amplifier U2.
- the output terminal of the amplifier U3 is electrically connected.
- the controller 30 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an ARM (Acorn RISC Machine) or other Programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these components; can also be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine; can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, For example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
- DSP digital signal processor
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- ARM Acorn RISC Machine
- the working process of the battery detection device 100 is as follows:
- the third operational amplifier U3 performs signal processing on the voltage at both ends of the battery to be tested 200 to obtain the battery to be tested 200 initial voltage.
- the DAC port of the single-chip microcomputer U4 outputs a voltage signal to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1, and the source voltage of the MOS transistor Q is input to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1.
- the source voltage of the MOS transistor Q is the negative electrode voltage of the battery to be tested 200 .
- the first operational amplifier U1 performs signal processing on the voltage signal input at the non-inverting input terminal and the negative voltage input at the inverting input terminal to obtain a first driving signal, the magnitude of which is related to the magnitude of the voltage signal .
- the first driving signal acts on the gate of the MOS transistor Q, so that a voltage difference VGS is formed between the gate and the source of the MOS transistor Q.
- the single-chip microcomputer U4 determines whether the battery to be tested 200 needs to be replaced according to the voltage drop value, the battery characteristics and the preset mapping relationship.
- the above product can execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method.
- the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method.
- the initial voltage is the voltage at both ends of the battery to be tested when the battery is not discharged, and can be obtained by detecting the voltage at both ends of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to be tested when the battery is in an open circuit.
- the battery characteristics refer to the unique properties of the battery, such as factory parameters and rated parameters of the battery.
- the battery characteristics include battery type, and at least one of rated battery capacity and rated battery voltage.
- the battery feature may be an AGM-type battery, an EFB-type battery, or a Flooded-type battery.
- acquiring the battery characteristics of the battery to be tested is to acquire the battery type of the battery to be tested.
- the feature to be tested includes the battery type and the rated battery capacity
- acquiring the battery feature of the battery to be tested is to obtain the battery type and rated battery capacity of the battery to be tested, respectively. It can be understood that these battery characteristics can be obtained from the nameplate of the battery to be tested, or from the factory data of the battery to be tested.
- the discharge voltage is the voltage at both ends of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to be tested collected during the process of discharging the battery to be tested under a preset discharge condition.
- the preset discharge condition includes discharging the battery under test for a preset duration according to a preset discharge current.
- the preset discharge current may be set according to the rated parameters of the battery to be tested, for example, by presetting the corresponding relationship between the rated parameters and the preset discharge current, and combining the rated parameters to determine the preset discharge current.
- the preset discharge current may be determined according to the rated current of the battery to be tested, for example, the preset discharge current is less than the rated current, accounting for a preset percentage of the rated current. If the rated current is relatively high, the preset percentage can be reduced to reduce the heat generated by the discharge of the battery under test. It can be understood that the preset discharge current can also be set manually according to historical experience values, for example, the preset discharge current is a large current such as 10A, 20A or 30A.
- a preset value of the preset discharge current is set in the battery detection device, and according to the preset discharge current and the current pre-stored in the battery detection device- A voltage signal relationship table, outputting a voltage signal to control the discharge current of the battery under test to be equal to the preset discharge current, that is, the current of the discharge circuit between the battery detection device and the battery under test is equal to the preset discharge current current.
- the preset duration refers to the duration that the battery to be tested is discharged at the preset discharge current.
- the discharge current is a large current, and the preset duration is short.
- the preset duration is in the order of milliseconds, for example, the preset duration is 50ms, 100ms, 200ms, or 300ms, or the like.
- the preset duration is related to the discharge current. For example, when the discharge current is relatively large, a shorter preset duration can be selected for discharging. It is detected whether the battery to be tested needs to be replaced by discharging for a short preset time. On the one hand, the detection time is saved, and it can be quickly determined whether the battery to be tested needs to be replaced, which improves the detection efficiency.
- the preset duration is milliseconds, and the discharge time is short, which can prevent the battery to be tested from generating a large amount of heat, so that no additional heat sink is required during the detection process.
- the step 420 specifically includes:
- Step 421 Collect a plurality of discharge voltages of the battery to be measured according to a preset sampling rate within a period of time that includes a cut-off time point in the preset time period.
- Step 422 Determine that the discharge voltage is an average value of the plurality of voltages.
- V10 corresponds to the discharge voltage at 100ms. Then, the average value Va of the plurality of voltages is calculated and used as the discharge voltage.
- the preset duration is accumulated by means of a timer, and when the discharge time of the battery to be tested reaches the preset duration, the timer reaches a set stop threshold, triggering the battery to be tested to stop discharge.
- the preset time period that is, during the discharge process of the battery to be tested, count 0 at a preset sampling rate by means of a counter.
- the counter n is greater than the preset number, for example, when n>90, the number is collected every preset sampling rate, for example, every 1ms, until the counter reaches the stop threshold set in the timer, then stop Pick numbers.
- the collected voltage is the discharge voltage at the end of the preset duration.
- the method prior to starting the timer and counter, the method further includes initializing the battery detection device.
- the risk of errors can be reduced, abnormal data can be eliminated, and the accuracy of the discharge voltage can be increased .
- Step 430 Calculate the voltage drop value of the battery to be tested as the difference between the initial voltage and the discharge voltage.
- the preset mapping relationship may be pre-built and stored in the battery detection device.
- the preset mapping relationship includes the corresponding relationship between the battery characteristics and the voltage drop interval, the lower limit value of the voltage drop interval is determined by the voltage drop value obtained by the new battery according to the preset discharge condition, and the voltage drop interval is determined.
- the upper limit value of is determined by the voltage drop value obtained by the critical battery according to the preset discharge condition, and the critical battery is a battery with a battery capacity of 80% of the rated capacity.
- the battery characteristics correspond to the voltage drop intervals one-to-one.
- the voltage drop intervals corresponding to the battery characteristics C1, C2, and Cn are S1, S2, and Sn.
- the battery characteristics include a battery type, and at least one of a rated battery capacity and a rated battery voltage, that is, the battery type, and at least one of a rated battery capacity and a rated battery voltage constitute the Describe the battery characteristics.
- both the rated battery capacity and the rated battery voltage can be classified by ranges, for example, the rated battery capacity includes 0-50Ah/50-100Ah/100Ah or more, or includes 0-30Ah/30-60Ah /60-90Ah/90-120Ah etc.
- each battery feature corresponds to a voltage drop interval. Therefore, after determining the voltage drop value and battery characteristics of the battery to be tested, in the preset mapping relationship, after finding out the battery characteristics corresponding to the battery characteristics of the battery to be tested, the corresponding voltage can be obtained. drop interval.
- the load carrying capacity of the battery refers to the output power when the battery drives the load to work when the battery supplies power to the load. That is, when the battery capacity is lower than 80% of the rated battery capacity, the output power of the battery is not enough to drive the load to work.
- a battery with a battery capacity of 80% of the rated battery capacity is used as a critical battery, and a voltage drop value is obtained according to the preset discharge conditions, as the upper limit value of the voltage drop interval, which is used to compare and judge the to-be-measured battery.
- the load capacity of the battery When constructing the preset mapping relationship, the critical battery is classified according to the battery characteristics, and the voltage drop value of the critical battery can be calculated according to step 410, step 420 and step 430, and the voltage drop of the critical battery can be calculated.
- the pressure drop value is used as the upper limit value of the pressure drop interval, and is recorded in the preset mapping relationship.
- the step 440 further includes:
- Step 441a Determine the voltage drop interval corresponding to the battery characteristic in the preset mapping relationship.
- a battery feature corresponding to the battery feature of the battery to be tested is found in the preset mapping relationship, and a corresponding voltage drop interval can be determined according to the preset mapping relationship.
- Step 442a Determine whether the voltage drop value falls within the voltage drop range, if yes, determine that the battery to be tested does not need to be replaced, if not, determine that the battery to be tested needs to be replaced.
- the voltage drop value of the battery to be tested falls within the voltage drop interval, the voltage drop value is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the voltage drop interval, and less than or equal to the upper limit of the voltage drop interval value. That is, when the load carrying capacity of the battery to be tested is greater than the load carrying capacity of the critical battery and smaller than the load carrying capacity of the new battery, the load carrying capacity of the battery to be tested is sufficient and does not need to be replaced.
- the voltage drop value of the battery to be tested is outside the voltage drop range, the voltage drop value is greater than the upper limit of the voltage drop range, and the load capacity of the battery to be tested is smaller than the critical battery With load capacity, the battery under test has insufficient load capacity and needs to be replaced, or if the voltage drop value is less than the lower limit of the voltage drop interval, the battery under test is abnormal and needs to be replaced.
- the voltage drop value is obtained by controlling the battery to be tested to discharge under a preset discharge condition. According to the voltage drop value, the battery characteristics of the battery to be tested and the preset mapping relationship, that is, It can be determined whether the battery to be tested needs to be replaced, so that the detection is fast and accurate, and the detection efficiency is improved.
- the preset mapping relationship includes the corresponding relationship between the initial voltage, battery characteristics and the voltage drop interval.
- Table 1 which shows a way of the preset mapping relationship, within the range of the initial voltage of 6V-14V, a voltage interval is constructed with 0.05V as an interval interval.
- For each of the voltage intervals and each of the battery characteristics acquire several new batteries with initial voltages in the voltage interval and corresponding to the battery characteristics. Calculate the voltage drop value of the new battery according to steps 410, 420 and 430 for the several new batteries, and use the maximum voltage drop value in the several new batteries as the lower limit value of the voltage drop interval .
- the voltage drop values are obtained according to the above steps 410, 420, and 430, respectively.
- the lower limit of the voltage drop interval corresponding to the initial voltage (12.75V-12.80V) and battery characteristics is the maximum value among 50 voltage drop values.
- the interval can also be other values, such as 0.03V, 0.04V, or 0.06V, etc., which can be artificially set according to actual experience.
- the voltage interval can also be other interval values, such as 5V-13V, etc., which can be manually set according to the actual situation.
- 40 or 60 new batteries can be sampled for each voltage interval and each battery feature, and 40 or 60 critical batteries can be sampled for each voltage interval and each battery feature. The specific number can be artificially set according to the actual situation.
- a detection area map 500 may be established according to the preset mapping relationship in Table 1. As shown in FIG. 7 , each Each battery feature has a corresponding detection area map, for example, battery feature C1 corresponds to detection area map (a), battery feature C2 corresponds to detection area map (b), and so on, until the detection area maps corresponding to all battery features are established. Finish.
- the battery characteristics C1 include battery type, and at least one of rated battery capacity and rated battery voltage
- the horizontal axis of the detection area diagram (a) is In the voltage interval [X1, Xn], that is, the first column in Table 1, the vertical axis is the voltage drop value
- the detection area diagram (a) includes a first curve 501 and a second curve 502 .
- the region G between the first curve 501 and the second curve 502 represents the battery with sufficient load capacity and does not need to be replaced, and the region R outside the first curve 501 and the second curve 502 represents the battery with load capacity Insufficient and needs to be replaced.
- the first curve 501 is the linear fitting relationship between the lower limit value of the voltage drop interval and the voltage interval in Table 1, which is the voltage drop of the new battery whose initial voltage is located in the voltage interval and corresponds to the battery characteristic C1 A curve of values.
- the battery characteristic C1 includes that the battery rated capacity is 0-50 Ah and the battery type is AGM
- the ordinate of the midpoint of the first curve 501 is the lower limit value in the second column of Table 1.
- the second curve 502 is the linear fitting relationship between the upper limit value of the voltage drop interval and the voltage interval in Table 1, and is composed of the voltage drop value of the critical battery whose initial voltage is located in the voltage interval and corresponds to the battery characteristic C1.
- the curve for example, when the battery characteristic C1 includes that the battery rated capacity is 0-50 Ah and the battery type is AGM, the ordinate of the midpoint of the second curve 502 is the upper limit value in the third column of Table 1.
- the first curve 501 and the second curve 502 have different curve characteristics, and the curve characteristics are functions of the curves in the coordinates.
- Step 441b Determine the voltage drop interval corresponding to the initial voltage and the battery characteristic in the preset mapping relationship.
- Step 442b Determine whether the voltage drop value falls within the voltage drop range, if yes, determine that the battery to be tested does not need to be replaced, if not, determine that the battery to be tested needs to be replaced.
- a voltage drop interval corresponding to the initial voltage and the battery characteristics is found in the preset mapping relationship. For example, if the initial voltage of the battery to be tested is 6.12V, the rated battery capacity is 40Ah, the battery type is AGM, and the voltage drop value is V0, first, the initial voltage is 6.12V to locate the voltage range [6.10V, 6.15V ), that is, the 3rd row in Table 1, from the battery rated capacity of 40Ah to the battery rated capacity of 0-50Ah, and the battery type AGM to the 2nd, 3rd, and 2nd columns in Table 1.
- the lower limit value in the column V1 and the lower limit V2 in the third column are the corresponding voltage drop intervals.
- the voltage drop value V0 is compared with the voltage drop interval [V1, V2].
- V1 ⁇ V0 ⁇ V2 the voltage drop value V0 falls within the voltage drop interval [V1, V2]
- V0 ⁇ V1 or V0>V2 the voltage drop value V0 is not in the voltage drop Within the interval [V1, V2]
- the corresponding detection area map can also be determined according to the battery characteristics.
- the battery type is AGM
- the coordinates of the battery to be tested are determined according to the initial voltage and voltage drop value of the battery to be tested.
- the coordinates of the battery to be tested fall within the area G, it is determined that the battery to be tested has a sufficient load capacity and does not need to be replaced.
- the coordinates of the battery to be tested fall within the region R, it is determined that the battery to be tested has insufficient load capacity and needs to be replaced.
- the voltage drop value is obtained by controlling the battery to be tested to discharge under a preset discharge condition. According to the voltage drop value, the battery characteristics of the battery to be tested, the initial voltage and the preset According to the mapping relationship, it can be determined whether the battery to be tested needs to be replaced, so that the detection is fast and accurate, and the detection efficiency is improved.
- the detection method of the embodiment of the present invention uses the voltage drop value of the detection battery to confirm whether the battery needs to be replaced, so it is applicable to any suitable circuit that can detect the voltage drop of the battery.
- the battery described in any embodiment of the present invention The detection device is only one of the implementations.
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Abstract
一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法及电池检测设备(100),通过获取待测蓄电池(200)的初始电压以及待测蓄电池(200)以预设放电条件进行放电的放电电压,计算待测蓄电池(200)的压降值为初始电压与放电电压的差值,然后,获取待测蓄电池(200)的电池特征,根据压降值、电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定待测蓄电池(200)是否需要被替换。也即,通过控制待测蓄电池(200)以预设放电条件进行放电,得到压降值,根据压降值、待测蓄电池(200)的电池特征以及预设映射关系,即可确定待测蓄电池(200)是否需要被替换,从而,使得检测快速准确,提高了检测效率。
Description
本申请要求于2020年7月7日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010647710.9、申请名称为“一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法及电池检测设备”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及电池检测技术领域,尤其涉及一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法及电池检测设备。
车辆蓄电池是车辆运行的必要部件,如最常见的用于电动汽车的铅酸蓄电池等,不仅仅用于启动汽车,还用于支持汽车上所有的电子负载,例如ECU等。在使用过程中,能预先判断车辆蓄电池是否需要替换极为重要,能让用户清楚了解到蓄电池的带负载能力,及时替换成新电池,从而避免启动运行风险,例如,长途行驶中,电池半路损坏,或者,无法带载汽车的ECU等负载。
目前,对于开口式电池,可通过观察法、放电法、测比重等方式检测电池的好坏,确定是否需要被替换。但对于密封式电池,通过观察无法看到电池内部状况,也无法测电解液的比重,一般,通过放电法(向电池输入较大电流以观察电池特性)或电导法(向电池输入小信号以计算代表电池特性的电导值或者其他值)检查电池的好坏,确定是否需要被替换。
本发明的发明人在实现本发明实施例的过程中,发现:目前,放电法检测电池时,测量时间长,测量过程会产生大量的热能,且无法连续重复测量,测试误差较大;电导法检测电池时,存在不准确以及测量麻烦的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例主要解决的技术问题是提供一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法及电池检测设备,能够快速准确地确定待测蓄电池是否需要被替换。
为解决上述技术问题,第一方面,本发明实施例中提供给了一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法,包括:
获取待测蓄电池的初始电压与所述待测蓄电池的电池特征;
获取所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电的放电电压;
计算所述待测蓄电池的压降值为所述初始电压与所述放电电压的差值;
根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换;
其中,所述预设映射关系包括电池特征与压降区间的对应关系,所述压降区间的下限值是将新蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述压降区间的上限值是将临界蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定 的,所述临界蓄电池为电池容量为80%额定容量的蓄电池。
在一些实施例中,所述电池特征包括电池类型,以及额定电池容量和额定电池电压中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中,所述预设放电条件包括按照预设放电电流对所述待测蓄电池放电预设时长。
在一些实施例中,所述获取所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电的放电电压,包括:
在所述预设时长中包括截止时间点的时段内,按照预设采样率采集所述待测蓄电池放电的多个电压;
确定所述放电电压为所述多个电压的平均值。
在一些实施例中,所述根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及所述预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换,包括:
确定所述预设映射关系中与所述电池特征对应的压降区间;
确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
在一些实施例中,所述预设映射关系包括初始电压、电池特征与压降区间的对应关系;
所述根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换,包括:
确定所述预设映射关系中与所述初始电压、所述电池特征对应的压降区间;
确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
为解决上述技术问题,第一方面,本发明实施例中提供给了一种电池检测设备,所述电池检测设备包括:
第一连接端、第二连接端、第三连接端和第四连接端,其中,所述第一连接端、所述第二连接端、所述第三连接端和所述第四连接端分别用于连接待测蓄电池;
放电电路,通过所述第一连接端和所述第四连接端电连接所述待测蓄电池,用于触发所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电;
电压采样电路,通过所述第二连接端和所述第三连接端电连接所述待测蓄电池,用于检测所述待测蓄电池两端的电压;
控制器,分别与所述放电电路和所述电压采样电路电连接,所述控制器用于:
通过所述电压采集电路获取所述待测蓄电池的初始电压;
控制所述放电电路,以使所述放电电路触发所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电;
通过所述电压采集电路获取所述待测蓄电池以所述预设放电条件进行放 电的放电电压;
计算所述待测蓄电池的压降值为所述初始电压与所述放电电压的差值;
根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换;
其中,所述预设映射关系包括电池特征与压降区间的对应关系,所述压降区间的下限值是将新蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述压降区间的上限值是将临界蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述临界蓄电池为电池容量为80%额定容量的蓄电池。
在一些实施例中,所述放电电路包括开关电路、负载和电流采样电路:
所述开关电路的第一端连接所述第一连接端,所述开关电路的第二端连接所述控制器,所述开关电路的第三端通过所述负载连接所述第四连接端;
所述电流采样电路的第一端连接所述控制器,所述电流采样电路的第二端连接所述负载,所述电流采样电路用于检测所述待测蓄电池的放电电流;
所述控制器具体用于:
根据所述电流采样电路检测的放电电流大小调整所述开关电路,以使所述待测蓄电池以所述预设放电条件进行放电,其中,所述预设放电条件包括按照预设放电电流对所述待测蓄电池放电预设时长。
在一些实施例中,所述控制器具体用于:
在所述预设时长中包括截止时间点的时段内,按照预设采样率采集所述待测蓄电池放电的多个电压;
确定所述放电电压为所述多个电压的平均值。
在一些实施例中,所述开关电路包括MOS管和第一运算放大器;
所述第一运算放大器的同相输入端连接所述控制器,所述第一运算放大器的反相输入端连接所述MOS管的源极,所述第一运算放大器的输出端连接所述MOS管的栅极,所述MOS管的源极连接所述负载的第一端,所述MOS管的漏极连接所述第一连接端。
在一些实施例中,所述放电电路还包括二极管,所述二级管的第一端连接所述第一连接端,所述二级管的第二端连接所述MOS管的漏极。
在一些实施例中,所述电流采样电路包括第二运算放大器,所述第二运算放大器的同相输入端连接所述负载的第一端,所述第二运算放大器的反相输入端连接所述负载的第二端,所述第二运算放大器的输出端连接所述控制器。
在一些实施例中,所述电压采样电路包括:
第三运算放大器,所述第三运算放大器的同相输入端连接所述第二连接端,所述第三运算放大器的反相输入端连接所述第三连接端,所述第三运算放大器的输出端连接所述控制器。
在一些实施例中,所述控制器具体用于:
确定所述预设映射关系中与所述电池特征对应的压降区间;
确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电 池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
在一些实施例中,所述预设映射关系包括初始电压、电池特征与压降区间的对应关系,所述控制器具体用于:
确定所述预设映射关系中与所述初始电压、所述电池特征对应的压降区间;
确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
本发明实施例的有益效果:区别于现有技术的情况,本发明实施例提供的车辆蓄电池的检测方法及电池检测设备,通过控制所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电,得到压降值,根据所述压降值、所述待测蓄电池的电池特征以及所述预设映射关系,即可确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换,从而,使得检测快速准确,提高了检测效率。
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明,这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定,附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件,除非有特别申明,附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种电池检测设备的电路结构示意图;
图2为图1所示的放电电路和电压采样电路的电路结构示意图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种电池检测设备的电路连接示意图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法的流程示意图;
图5为图4中所示步骤420的一子流程示意图;
图6为图4中所示步骤440的一子流程示意图;
图7为本发明实施例提供的检测区域图;
图8为图4中所示步骤440的另一子流程示意图。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
需要说明的是,如果不冲突,本发明实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合,均在本申请的保护范围之内。另外,虽然在装置示意图中进行了功能模块划分,在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序,但是在某些情况下,可以以不同于装置中的模块 划分,或流程图中的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。此外,本文所采用的“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等字样并不对数据和执行次序进行限定,仅是对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分。
除非另有定义,本说明书所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本说明书中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是用于限制本发明。本说明书所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
请参阅图1,为本发明实施例提供的一种电池检测设备的电路结构示意图。如图1所示,所述电池检测设备100与待测蓄电池200电连接,电池检测设备100包括放电电路10、电压采样电路20以及控制器30。
如图2所示,所述电池检测设备100包括第一连接端101、第二连接端102、第三连接端103和第四连接端104,所述第一连接端101、所述第二连接端102、所述第三连接端103和所述第四连接端104分别用于连接所述待测蓄电池。在本实施例中,所述第一连接端101和所述第二连接端102均与所述待测蓄电池200的正极电连接,所述第三连接端103和所述第四连接端104均与所述待测蓄电池200的负极电连接。在一些实施例中,所述第一连接端101、第二连接端102、第三连接端103和第四连接端104也可为开尔文连接器,即,所述电池检测设备100通过所述开尔文连接器电连接所述待测蓄电池200,可消除布线,以及,消除当电流流过待测蓄电池100的正极或负极时因接触连接而产生的电阻。
对于上述放电电路10,通过所述第一连接端101和所述第四连接端104电连接所述待测蓄电池200,用于触发所述待测蓄电池200进行放电。当放电电路10处于导通状态时,所述放电电路10与所述待测蓄电池200形成放电回路,触发所述待测蓄电池100放电。
在其中一些实施例中,请一并参阅图2,所述放电电路10包括开关电路11、负载12和电流采样电路13。
所述开关电路11的第一端连接所述第一连接端104,所述开关电路11的第二端连接所述控制器30,所述开关电路11的第三端通过所述负载12连接所述第四连接端104,用于根据所述控制器30发送的电压信号,实现闭合或断开所述开关电路11、负载12和所述待测蓄电池200之间的放电回路,以及调节所述放电回路的导通程度。
所述电流采样电路13的第一端接所述控制器30,所述电流采样电路13的第二端连接所述负载12,所述电流采样电路13用于检测所述开关电路11、负载12和所述待测蓄电池200形成的放电回路中的电流,即所述待测蓄电池200的放电电流。
所述控制器30根据所述电流采样电路20检测的放电电流大小,调整所述开关电路11,以使所述待测蓄电池200以所述预设放电条件进行放电,其中,所述预设放电条件包括按照预设放电电流对所述待测蓄电池200放电预设时长。
在一些实施例中,请参阅图3,所述开关电路11包括MOS管Q和第一运算放大器U1,所述第一运算放大器U1的同相输入端连接所述控制器30(单片机U4的DAC端口),所述第一运算放大器U1的反相输入端连接所述MOS管Q的源极,所述第一运算放大器U1的输出端连接所述MOS管Q的栅极,所述MOS管Q的源极连接所述负载12的第一端,所述MOS管Q的漏极连接所述第一连接端101。所述负载12的第二端连接所述第四连接端104,并且所述第四连接端104与所述待测蓄电池200的负极电连接。
当所述MOS管Q断开时,所述负载12的第一端的电压以及所述MOS管Q的源极电压均为所述待测蓄电池200的负极电压,也即,所述第一运算放大器U1的反相输入端输入所述负极电压。当所述控制器30发送电压信号至所述第一运算放大器U1的同相输入端时,所述第一运算放大器U1对所述电压信号和所述负极电压进行处理,输出第一驱动信号,至所述MOS管Q的栅极,从而所述MOS管Q的栅极和源极之间形成电压差VGS。其中,所述第一驱动信号的大小与所述电压信号的大小有关。通过调节所述电压信号,进一步调节所述第一驱动信号,使得所述电压差VGS大于所述MOS管Q的导通电压时,所述MOS管Q导通,所述放电回路产生电流,即所述待测蓄电池200开始放电。
当所述MOS管Q导通时,放电电流流过所述负载12,所述负载12的第一端的电压升高,即所述负载12的第一端的电压相当于所述负载12的压降值,并将所述负载12的压降值作为压降信号发送至所述第一运算放大器U1的反相输入端。由于所述第一运算放大器U1的负反馈作用,所述第一运算放大器U1对所述电压信号和所述压降信号进行处理后,会输出一个稳定的第二驱动信号,至所述MOS管Q的栅极。在稳定的第二驱动信号的作用下,所述MOS管Q的导通程度一定,所述MOS管Q的通道内阻稳定,从而,可确保所述放电回路中的放电电流稳定。此外,所述第二驱动信号的大小与所述控制器30发出的电压信号的大小有关,从而,可通过调节所述控制器30发出的电压信号,即可得到对应大小的稳定的放电电流。
在一些实施例中,所述负载12包括电阻,所述电阻的第一端电连接所述MOS管Q的源极,所述电阻的第二端电连接所述第四连接端104。所述电阻的阻值可根据实际情况而设定,例如所述电阻的阻值为10mΩ,从而,可使得所述待测蓄电池200的放电电流为大电流。
在一些实施例中,所述电流采样电路13包括第二运算放大器U2,所述第二运算放大器U2的同相输入端连接所述负载12的第一端,所述第二运算放大器U2的反相输入端连接所述负载12的第二端,所述第二运算放大器U2的输出端连接所述控制器。从而,所述负载12的第一端电压输入所述第二运算放 大器U2的同相端,所述负载12的第二端电压输入所述第二运算放大器U2的反相端,经所述第二运算放大器U2处理后,得到所述负载12两端的电压,发送给所述控制器30,所述控制器30根据所述负载12的阻值以及所述负载12两端的电压可确定流过所述负载12的电流,即所述放电回路中的放电电流。
在一些实施例中,所述放电电路10还包括二级管D1,所述二级管D1的第一端连接所述第一连接端101,所述二级管D1的第二端连接所述MOS管Q的漏极,所述二级管D1用于防止所述放电电流倒灌回所述待测蓄电池200。当所述第一连接端101与所述待测蓄电池200的正极连接时,所述二级管D1的阳极连接所述第一连接端101,所述二级管D1的阴极连接所述MOS管Q的漏极,利用二级管D1的单向导电性,使得在所述放电电路中,放电电流始终从所述待测蓄电池200的正极经过所述MOS管Q、负载12,最后流回至所述待测蓄电池200的负极,防止电流倒灌,烧毁所述待测蓄电池200。
对于上述电压采样电路20,通过所述第二连接端102和所述第三连接端103电连接所述待测蓄电池200,用于检测所述待测蓄电池200两端的电压。当所述放电电路10处于断开状态时,所述电压采样电路20采集到的所述待测蓄电池200两端的电压为初始电压,当所述放电电路10处于连通状态时,所述待测蓄电池200放电,所述电压采样电路20采集到的所述待测蓄电池200两端的电压为放电后的电压。
在一些实施例中,所述电压采样电路20包括第三运算放大器U3,所述第三运算放大器U3的同相输入端连接所述第二连接端102,所述第三运算放大器U3的反相输入端连接所述第三连接端103,所述第三运算放大器U3的输出端连接所述控制器30。在本实施例中,所述第二连接端102连接所述待测蓄电池200的正极,所述第三连接端103连接所述待测蓄电池200的负极,则所述第三运算放大器U3采集到的电压为所述待测蓄电池200两端的电压。
对于上述控制器30,分别与所述放电电路10和所述电压采样电路20电连接,所述控制器30用于:通过所述电压采集电路20获取所述待测蓄电池200的初始电压,控制所述放电电路,以使所述放电电路10触发所述待测蓄电池200以预设放电条件进行放电,通过所述电压采集电路20获取所述待测蓄电池200以所述预设放电条件进行放电的放电电压,计算所述待测蓄电池200的压降值为所述初始电压与所述放电电压的差值,最后,根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池200是否需要被替换。其中,所述预设映射关系包括电池特征与压降区间的对应关系,所述压降区间的下限值是将新蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述压降区间的上限值是将临界蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述临界蓄电池为电池容量为80%额定容量的蓄电池。
如图3所示,所述控制器30包括单片机U4,单片机U4可采用51系列、Arduino系列、STM32系列等,单片机U4包括DAC端口以及ADC1端口、ADC2端口。其中,单片机U4的DAC端口与第一运算放大器U1的同相输入端电连接, 单片机U4的ADC1端口与所述第二运算放大器U2的输出端电连接,单片机U4的ADC2端口与所述第三运算放大器U3的输出端电连接。
在其他实施例中,所述控制器30还可以为通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、ARM(Acorn RISC Machine)或其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或晶体管逻辑、分立的硬件组件或者这些部件的任何组合;还可以是任何传统处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机;也可以被实现为计算设备的组合,例如,DSP和微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、一个或多个微处理器结合DSP核、或任何其它这种配置。
综上,所述电池检测设备100的工作过程为:
(1)当所述放电电路10断开时,所述待测蓄电池200未放电,所述第三运算放放大器U3对所述待测蓄电池200两端的电压进行信号处理,获取所述待测蓄电池200的初始电压。
(2)单片机U4的DAC端口输出电压信号至所述第一运算放大器U1的同相输入端,所述MOS管Q的源极电压输入所述第一运算放大器U1的反相输入端,此时,所述MOS管Q的源极电压为所述待测蓄电池200的负极电压。所述第一运算放大器U1对同相输入端输入的电压信号和反相输入端输入的负极电压进行信号处理,得到第一驱动信号,所述第一驱动信号的大小与所述电压信号的大小有关。所述第一驱动信号作用于所述MOS管Q的栅极,从而所述MOS管Q的栅极和源极之间形成电压差VGS。通过调节所述电压信号,进一步调节所述第一驱动信号,使得所述电压差VGS大于或等于所述MOS管Q的导通电压时,所述MOS管Q导通,所述放电回路产生电流,即所述待测蓄电池200开始放电。
当所述MOS管Q导通时,放电电流流过所述负载12,所述负载12的第一端的电压升高,即所述负载12的第一端的电压相当于所述负载12的压降值,并将所述负载12的压降值作为压降信号发送至所述第一运算放大器U1的反相输入端。由于所述第一运算放大器U1的负反馈作用,所述第一运算放大器U1对所述电压信号和所述压降信号进行处理后,会输出一个稳定的第二驱动信号,至所述MOS管Q的栅极。在稳定的第二驱动信号的作用下,所述待测蓄电池200以稳定的放电电流进行放电,其中,所述放电电流的大小与所述第二驱动信号的大小有关,进而,所述放电电流的大小与所述控制器30输入的电压信号有关。从而,可通过调节所述电压信号,使得所述待测蓄电池200按预设放电电流进行放电预设时长。
当所述待测蓄电池200以所述预设放电电流进行放电时,所述待测蓄电池200产生放电电压。所述第三运算放放大器U3对所述放电电压进行信号处理,得到放电电压,并将所述放电电压发送至单片机U4的ADC2端口。
当放电时间达到所述预设时长后,停止输出所述电压信号或调整所述电压信号,使得所述MOS管Q的栅极和源极之间的电压差VGS小于所述MOS管Q的导通电压,所述MOS管Q截止,切断所述待测蓄电池200的放电回路,所述 待测蓄电池200停止放电。
(3)所述单片机U4计算所述待测蓄电池200的压降值为所述初始电压与所述放电电压的差值。
(4)所述单片机U4根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池200是否需要被替换。
上述产品可执行本发明实施例所提供的方法,具备执行方法相应的功能模块和有益效果。未在本实施例中详尽描述的技术细节,可参见本发明实施例所提供的方法。
请参阅图4,为本发明实施例提供的一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法的流程示意图,该方法可以应用于任何合适的电池检测电路,例如,上述任一实施例所述的电池检测设备,如图4所示,所述检测方法包括:
步骤410:获取待测蓄电池的初始电压与所述待测蓄电池的电池特征。
所述初始电压为所述待测蓄电池未放电时两端的电压,可通过检测所述待测蓄电池处于开路时正负极两端的电压得到。所述电池特征是指电池的特有属性,例如电池的出厂参数、额定参数等。
在一些实施例中,所述电池特征包括电池类型,以及额定电池容量和额定电池电压中的至少一种。例如,当所述电池特征包括电池类型时,所述电池特征可以是AGM型电池、EFB型电池或Fl ooded型电池。在此实施例中,获取所述待测蓄电池的电池特征即为获取所述待测蓄电池的电池类型。当所述待测特征包括电池类型和额定电池容量时,获取所述待测蓄电池的电池特征即为分别获取所述待测蓄电池的电池类型和额定电池容量。可以理解的是,这些电池特征可从所述待测蓄电池的铭牌中获取,也可从所述待测蓄电池的出厂资料中获取。
步骤420:获取所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电的放电电压。
所述放电电压是在所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电的过程中采集到的所述待测蓄电池的正负极两端电压。
在一些实施例中,所述预设放电条件包括按照预设放电电流对所述待测蓄电池放电预设时长。
其中,所述预设放电电流可根据待测蓄电池的额定参数设置,例如通过预先设置额定参数与预设放电电流的对应关系,结合额定参数,确定所述预设放电电流。在一些实施例中,所述预设放电电流可根据所述待测蓄电池的额定电流而确定,例如所述预设放电电流小于所述额定电流,占所述额定电流的预设百分比。若所述额定电流较大时,则可减小所述预设百分比,以降低待测蓄电池放电产生的热量。可以理解的是,所述预设放电电流也可根据历史经验值人为设置,例如所述预设放电电流为10A、20A或30A等大电流。此外,为了使所述预设放电电流稳定至预设值,通过在所述电池检测设备中设置预设放电电流的预设值,并根据预设放电电流与预先存储于电池检测设备的电流-电压信号关系表,输出电压信号,以控制所述待测蓄电池的放电电流等于所述预设放 电电流,即所述电池检测设备与所述待测蓄电池的放电回路的电流等于所述预设放电电流。
所述预设时长是指待测蓄电池以预设放电电流进行放电的持续时间。所述放电电流为大电流,所述预设时长较短。在一些实施例中,所述预设时长为毫秒级,例如所述预设时长为50ms、100ms、200ms或300ms等。所述预设时长与所述放电电流有关,例如,当所述放电电流较大时,可选用较短的预设时长进行放电。通过较短的预设时长进行放电,检测待测蓄电池是否需要被替换,一方面,节省了检测时间,可快速确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换,提高了检测效率,另一方面,所述预设时长为毫秒级,放电时间短,可避免所述待测蓄电池产生大量的热,从而,在检测的过程中,不需要额外的散热装置。
为了使得所述放电电压更为精确,在一些实施例中,请参阅图5,所述步骤420具体包括:
步骤421:在所述预设时长中包括截止时间点的时段内,按照预设采样率采集所述待测蓄电池放电的多个电压。
步骤422:确定所述放电电压为所述多个电压的平均值。
所述多个电压是按一定的采样率,对所述放电电压在所述预设时长中包括截止时间点的时段内进行采数而得到的。其中,所述预设时长中包括截止时间点的时段为所述预设时长中的某一时间点至截止时间点的时段,即所述预设时长的尾段。例如,当所述预设时长为100ms,所述预设采样率为1ms时,在所述预设时长的91ms-100ms时段内,按采样率每1ms采一次数,得到电压值V1,V2..V10,其中V1对应放电91ms时的放电电压,V2对应放电92ms时的放电电压,以此类推,V10对应放电100ms时的放电电压。然后,计算出所述多个电压的平均值Va,并作为所述放电电压。
具体的,通过定时器的方式累计所述预设时长,当所述待测蓄电池的放电时间达到所述预设时长时,所述定时器达到设定的停止阈值,触发所述待测蓄电池停止放电。在所述预设时长内,即所述待测蓄电池放电的过程中,通过计数器的方式按预设采样率进行计数0,当n=0时采集所述待测蓄电池的初始电压,当所述计数器n大于预设数时,例如n>90时,每隔所述预设采样率采一次数,例如每1ms采集一次,直到所述计数器达到所述定时器中设定的停止阈值,则停止采数。当计数器n大于预设数时,采集到的电压即为处于所述预设时长尾段的放电电压。在一些实施例中,在开启定时器和计数器之前,所述方法还包括:初始化所述电池检测设备。
在本实施实施例中,通过采集所述预设时长尾段的多个电压,并将所述多个电压的平均值作为放电电压,可减少误差风险,排出异常数据,增加放电电压的准确性。
步骤430:计算所述待测蓄电池的压降值为所述初始电压与所述放电电压的差值。
在所述待测蓄电池放电所述预设时长后,所述待测蓄电池两端的电压会降 低。在获取所述初始电压和所述放电电压后,计算所述初始电压与所述放电电压的差值即为所述待测蓄电池的压降值。
步骤440:根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换。
所述预设映射关系可预先构建并存储于所述电池检测设备中。所述预设映射关系包括电池特征与压降区间的对应关系,所述压降区间的下限值是将新蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述压降区间的上限值是将临界蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述临界蓄电池为电池容量为80%额定容量的蓄电池。
电池特征与压降区间一一对应,例如与电池特征C1,C2,,Cn对应的压降区间为S1,S2,,Sn。在一些实施例中,所述电池特征包括电池类型,以及额定电池容量和额定电池电压中的至少一种,也即所述电池类型,以及额定电池容量和额定电池电压中的至少一种构成所述电池特征。其中,所述额定电池容量和所述额定电池电压均可通过范围进行归类,例如,所述额定电池容量包括0-50Ah/50-100Ah/100Ah以上,或,包括0-30Ah/30-60Ah/60-90Ah/90-120Ah等。例如当电池特征C1=(电池类型,额定电池容量)时,将电池按电池类型和额定电池容量进行划分特征,在所述预设映射关系中,每一电池特征对应一压降区间。从而,当确定所述待测蓄电池的压降值和电池特征后,在所述预设映射关系中,查找出与所述待测蓄电池的电池特征对应的电池特征后,即可获取相应的压降区间。
其中,所述压降区间的下限值是将新蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的。所述新蓄电池是指新出厂检测合格的蓄电池,可作为压降判断的参考。在构建所述预设映射关系时,将新蓄电池按所述电池特征进行分类,可根据步骤410、步骤420和步骤430,计算出所述新蓄电池的压降值,并将所述新蓄电池的压降值作为压降区间的下限值,并记录于所述预设映射关系中。
随着蓄电池的使用,蓄电池会逐渐老化,电池容量会降低,压降会增大。当电池容量低于额定电池容量的80%时,电池容量可能呈跳水式下降,导致蓄电池的带负载能力不足。所述蓄电池的带负载能力是指当蓄电池的对负载供电时,带动负载工作时的输出功率。即,当电池容量低于额定电池容量的80%时,蓄电池的输出功率不足以带动负载工作。
因此,将电池容量为80%额定电池容量的蓄电池作为临界蓄电池,并按照所述预设放电条件,得到压降值,作为所述压降区间的上限值,用于比较判断所述待测蓄电池的带负载能力。在构建所述预设映射关系时,将临界蓄电池按所述电池特征进行分类,可根据步骤410、步骤420和步骤430,计算出所述临界蓄电池的压降值,并将所述临界蓄电池的压降值作为压降区间的上限值,并记录于所述预设映射关系中。
在本实施例中,针对每一电池特征,根据所述待测蓄电池的压降值与所述 新蓄电池的压降值、临界蓄电池的压降值,确定所述待测蓄电池的带负载能力是否充足,当所述待测蓄电池的带负载能力不足时,则需要替换所述待测蓄电池,否则,所述待测蓄电池仍可继续使用。此外,压降测试时间短,简单高效。
在一些实施例中,请参阅图6,所述步骤440进一步包括:
步骤441a:确定所述预设映射关系中与所述电池特征对应的压降区间。
通过电池特征匹配,在所述预设映射关系中找出与所述待测蓄电池的电池特征对应的电池特征,根据所述预设映射关系,即可确定对应的压降区间。
步骤442a:确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
若所述待测蓄电池的压降值落入所述压降区间内,则所述压降值大于或等于所述压降区间的下限值,且小于或等于所述压降区间的上限值。即,当所述待测蓄电池的带负载能力大于所述临界蓄电池的带负载能力,小于所述新蓄电池的带负载能力时,所述待测蓄电池的带负载能力足够,不需要被替换。若所述待测蓄电池的压降值在所述压降区间之外,所述压降值大于所述压降区间的上限值,所述待测蓄电池的带负载能力小于所述临界蓄电池的带负载能力,所述待测蓄电池的带负载能力不足,需要被替换,或,所述压降值小于所述压降区间的下限,则所述待测蓄电池存在异常,需要被替换。
在本实施例中,通过控制所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电,得到压降值,根据所述压降值、所述待测蓄电池的电池特征以及所述预设映射关系,即可确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换,从而,使得检测快速准确,提高了检测效率。
为了使所述预设映射关系更加准确,考虑到蓄电池的初始电压对压降区间的影响,在一些实施例中,所述预设映射关系包括初始电压、电池特征与压降区间的对应关系。如表1所示,其示出了所述预设映射关系的一种方式,在初始电压6V-14V的范围内,以0.05V为区间间隔构建电压区间。针对每一所述电压区间以及每一所述电池特征,获取初始电压位于所述电压区间且电池特征对应的若干新蓄电池。对所述若干新蓄电池根据步骤410、步骤420和步骤430,计算出所述新蓄电池的压降值,并将若干所述新蓄电池中最大的压降值作为所述压降区间的下限值。重复上述操作,覆盖到6V-14V之间的各电压区间,获得与各电压区间、各电池特征对应的压降区间的下限值。例如,对电池额定容量为0-50Ah、电池类型为AGM、初始电压位于12.75V-12.80V的新蓄电池,数量50个,分别按上述步骤410、步骤420和步骤430获取压降值,则所述初始电压(12.75V-12.80V)、电池特征(电池额定容量为0-50Ah、电池类型为AGM)对应的压降区间的下限值为50个压降值中的最大值。
针对每一所述电压区间以及每一所述电池特征,获取初始电压位于所述电压区间且电池特征对应的若干临界蓄电池,对所述若干临蓄电池根据步骤410、步骤420和步骤430,计算出所述临界蓄电池的压降值,并将若干所述临界蓄电池中最小的压降值作为所述压降区间的上限值。重复上述操作,覆盖 到6V-14V之间的各电压区间,获得与各电压区间、各电池特征对应的压降区间的上限值。例如,对电池额定容量为0-50Ah、电池类型为AGM、初始电压位于12.75V-12.80V的临界蓄电池,数量50个,分别按上述步骤410-430获取压降值,则所述初始电压(12.75V-12.80V)、电池特征(电池额定容量为0-50Ah、电池类型为AGM)对应的压降区间的上限值为50个压降值中的最小值。
表1预设映射关系
值得说明的是,所述区间间隔还可以是其它值,例如0.03V、0.04V或0.06V等,具体可根据实际经验人为设定。所述电压区间还可以是其它区间值,例如 5V-13V等,具体可根据实际情况进行人为设定。每一电压区间、每一电池特征对应的新蓄电池可采样40个或60个,每一电压区间、每一电池特征对应的临界电池可采样40个或60个,具体数量可根据实际情况人为设定。
为了更直观的表述所述预设映射关系,以方便确定检测结果,在一些实施例中,可根据所述表1中的预设映射关系,建立检测区域图500,如图7所示,每一电池特征均有各自对应一检测区域图,例如电池特征C1对应检测区域图(a),电池特征C2对应检测区域图(b),依次类推,直到将所有的电池特征对应的检测区域图建立完成。
以电池特征C1对的检测区域图(a)为例,所述电池特征C1包括电池类型,以及额定电池容量和额定电池电压中的至少一种,所述检测区域图(a)的横轴为电压区间[X1,Xn],即表1中的第一列,纵轴为压降值,所述检测区域图(a)中包括第一曲线501和第二曲线502。所述第一曲线501和第二曲线502之间的区域G代表蓄电池带负载能力充足、无需被替换,所述第一曲线501和所述第二曲线502之外的区域R代表蓄电池带负载能力不足、需要被替换。
其中,所述第一曲线501为表1中压降区间下限值与电压区间的线性拟合关系,是由初始电压位于所述电压区间并与所述电池特征C1对应的新蓄电池的压降值构成的曲线。例如,当所述电池特征C1包括电池额定容量为0-50Ah,电池类型为AGM时,所述第一曲线501中点的纵坐标为表1第二列中的下限值。所述第二曲线502为表1中压降区间上限值与电压区间的线性拟合关系,是由初始电压位于所述电压区间并与所述电池特征C1对应的临界蓄电池的压降值构成的曲线。例如,当所述电池特征C1包括电池额定容量为0-50Ah,电池类型为AGM时,所述第二曲线502中点的纵坐标为表1第三列中的上限值。
对于不同的电池特征,所述第一曲线501和所述第二曲线502的曲线特征不同,所述曲线特征为所述曲线在坐标中的函数。
通过建立与电池特征对应的检测区域图,可直观地进行对比,方便确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换。
在本实施例中,请参阅图8,所述步骤440进一步包括:
步骤441b:确定所述预设映射关系中与所述初始电压、所述电池特征对应的压降区间。
步骤442b:确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
通过初试电压、电池特征匹配,在所述预设映射关系中找出与所述初始电压、所述电池特征对应的压降区间。例如,若所述待测蓄电池的初始电压为6.12V,电池额定容量为40Ah,电池类型为AGM,压降值为V0,首先,由初始电压为6.12V定位到电压区间[6.10V,6.15V),即表1中第3行,由电池额定容量为40Ah定位到电池额定容量0-50Ah,由电池类型AGM定位到表1中第2列、第3列,第2列中的下限值V1和第3列中的下限值V2即为对应的压降区 间。
通过所述预设映射关系,确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,例如,步骤441b的例子中,将压降值V0与压降区间[V1,V2]作比较,当V1≤V0≤V2时,压降值V0落入压降区间[V1,V2],则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若V0<V1或V0>V2时,压降值V0不在压降区间[V1,V2]内,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
在一些实施例中,也可通过电池特征确定对应的检测区域图,例如,由电池特征(电池额定容量为40Ah,电池类型为AGM)可确定属于电池特征C1(电池额定容量为0-50Ah,电池类型为AGM),则确定对应的检测区域图(a)。在检测区域图(a)中,根据所述待测蓄电池的初始电压和压降值,确定所述待测蓄电池的坐标。当所述待测蓄电池的坐标落入区域G中时,则确定所述待测蓄电池负载能力充足、无需被替换。当所述待测蓄电池的坐标落入区域R中时,则确定所述待测蓄电池带负载能力不足、需要被替换。
在本实施实施例中,通过控制所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电,得到压降值,根据所述压降值、所述待测蓄电池的电池特征、初始电压以及所述预设映射关系,即可确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换,从而,使得检测快速准确,提高了检测效率。
需要说明的是,本发明实施例的检测方法利用检测蓄电池的压降值确认蓄电池是否需要被替换,因此适用于任何合适的可以检测电池压降的电路,本发明任一实施例所述的电池检测设备仅为其中一种实现方式。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;在本发明的思路下,以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合,步骤可以以任意顺序实现,并存在如上所述的本发明的不同方面的许多其它变化,为了简明,它们没有在细节中提供;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (15)
- 一种车辆蓄电池的检测方法,其特征在于,包括:获取待测蓄电池的初始电压与所述待测蓄电池的电池特征;获取所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电的放电电压;计算所述待测蓄电池的压降值为所述初始电压与所述放电电压的差值;根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换;其中,所述预设映射关系包括电池特征与压降区间的对应关系,所述压降区间的下限值是将新蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述压降区间的上限值是将临界蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述临界蓄电池为电池容量为80%额定容量的蓄电池。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电池特征包括电池类型,以及额定电池容量和额定电池电压中的至少一种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预设放电条件包括按照预设放电电流对所述待测蓄电池放电预设时长。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述获取所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电的放电电压,包括:在所述预设时长中包括截止时间点的时段内,按照预设采样率采集所述待测蓄电池放电的多个电压;确定所述放电电压为所述多个电压的平均值。
- 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及所述预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换,包括:确定所述预设映射关系中与所述电池特征对应的压降区间;确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预设映射关系包括初始电压、电池特征与压降区间的对应关系;所述根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换,包括:确定所述预设映射关系中与所述初始电压、所述电池特征对应的压降区间;确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
- 一种电池检测设备,其特征在于,所述电池检测设备包括:第一连接端、第二连接端、第三连接端和第四连接端,其中,所述第一连接端、所述第二连接端、所述第三连接端和所述第四连接端分别用于连接待测 蓄电池;放电电路,通过所述第一连接端和所述第四连接端电连接所述待测蓄电池,用于触发所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电;电压采样电路,通过所述第二连接端和所述第三连接端电连接所述待测蓄电池,用于检测所述待测蓄电池两端的电压;控制器,分别与所述放电电路和所述电压采样电路电连接,所述控制器用于:通过所述电压采集电路获取所述待测蓄电池的初始电压;控制所述放电电路,以使所述放电电路触发所述待测蓄电池以预设放电条件进行放电;通过所述电压采集电路获取所述待测蓄电池以所述预设放电条件进行放电的放电电压;计算所述待测蓄电池的压降值为所述初始电压与所述放电电压的差值;根据所述压降值、所述电池特征以及预设映射关系,确定所述待测蓄电池是否需要被替换;其中,所述预设映射关系包括电池特征与压降区间的对应关系,所述压降区间的下限值是将新蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述压降区间的上限值是将临界蓄电池按照所述预设放电条件得到的压降值确定的,所述临界蓄电池为电池容量为80%额定容量的蓄电池。
- 根据权利要求7所述的电池检测设备,其特征在于,所述放电电路包括开关电路、负载和电流采样电路:所述开关电路的第一端连接所述第一连接端,所述开关电路的第二端连接所述控制器,所述开关电路的第三端通过所述负载连接所述第四连接端;所述电流采样电路的第一端连接所述控制器,所述电流采样电路的第二端连接所述负载,所述电流采样电路用于检测所述待测蓄电池的放电电流;所述控制器具体用于:根据所述电流采样电路检测的放电电流大小调整所述开关电路,以使所述待测蓄电池以所述预设放电条件进行放电,其中,所述预设放电条件包括按照预设放电电流对所述待测蓄电池放电预设时长。
- 根据权利要求8所述的电池检测设备,其特征在于,所述控制器具体用于:在所述预设时长中包括截止时间点的时段内,按照预设采样率采集所述待测蓄电池放电的多个电压;确定所述放电电压为所述多个电压的平均值。
- 根据权利要求8所述的电池检测设备,其特征在于,所述开关电路包括MOS管和第一运算放大器;所述第一运算放大器的同相输入端连接所述控制器,所述第一运算放大器的反相输入端连接所述MOS管的源极,所述第一运算放大器的输出端连接所述 MOS管的栅极,所述MOS管的源极连接所述负载的第一端,所述MOS管的漏极连接所述第一连接端。
- 根据权利要求10所述的电池检测设备,其特征在于,所述放电电路还包括二极管,所述二级管的第一端连接所述第一连接端,所述二级管的第二端连接所述MOS管的漏极。
- 根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的电池检测设备,其特征在于,所述电流采样电路包括第二运算放大器,所述第二运算放大器的同相输入端连接所述负载的第一端,所述第二运算放大器的反相输入端连接所述负载的第二端,所述第二运算放大器的输出端连接所述控制器。
- 根据权利要求7-11任一项所述的电池检测设备,其特征在于,所述电压采样电路包括:第三运算放大器,所述第三运算放大器的同相输入端连接所述第二连接端,所述第三运算放大器的反相输入端连接所述第三连接端,所述第三运算放大器的输出端连接所述控制器。
- 根据权利要求7-11任一项所述的电池检测设备,其特征在于,所述控制器具体用于:确定所述预设映射关系中与所述电池特征对应的压降区间;确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
- 根据权利要求7-11任一项所述的电池检测设备,其特征在于,所述预设映射关系包括初始电压、电池特征与压降区间的对应关系,所述控制器具体用于:确定所述预设映射关系中与所述初始电压、所述电池特征对应的压降区间;确定所述压降值是否落入所述压降区间内,若为是,则确定所述待测蓄电池无需被替换,若为否,则确定所述待测蓄电池需被替换。
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| CN206892194U (zh) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-01-16 | 上海高凯信息科技有限公司 | 脉冲恒流放电精确检测蓄电池内阻的装置 |
| CN209417262U (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-09-20 | 珠海东帆科技有限公司 | 一种电池内阻测量电路 |
| WO2019187680A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-03 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 二次電池制御装置 |
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| CN206892194U (zh) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-01-16 | 上海高凯信息科技有限公司 | 脉冲恒流放电精确检测蓄电池内阻的装置 |
| WO2019187680A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-03 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 二次電池制御装置 |
| CN209417262U (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-09-20 | 珠海东帆科技有限公司 | 一种电池内阻测量电路 |
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