WO2022007648A1 - 一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器 - Google Patents

一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022007648A1
WO2022007648A1 PCT/CN2021/102293 CN2021102293W WO2022007648A1 WO 2022007648 A1 WO2022007648 A1 WO 2022007648A1 CN 2021102293 W CN2021102293 W CN 2021102293W WO 2022007648 A1 WO2022007648 A1 WO 2022007648A1
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Prior art keywords
eccentric
descender
friction wheel
trigger
wheel
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PCT/CN2021/102293
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
付小华
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浙江唯海科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022007648A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022007648A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/14—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brakes sliding on the rope

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of high-altitude descending devices, in particular to a multi-mode eccentric wheel anti-panic descender.
  • the descender is a protective device used to protect the operator in sports or rescue scenarios such as expansion training, mountaineering, extreme, outdoor, etc.
  • the Chinese patent with application number CN201020216676.1 discloses a rope stop descender, comprising a fixed side plate and a movable side plate rotatably connected to the fixed side plate through a first pin, the first pin is sleeved There is a movable wheel with grooves on the outer circumference that can rotate with the movement of the rope and a control handle, the movable wheel is located between the fixed side plate and the movable side plate, and the control handle is connected with the movable wheel.
  • the roulette is linked; the fixed side plate on the upper part of the movable roulette is fixedly provided with a fixed roulette with a groove on the outer periphery through the second pin; There is a bow-shaped brake plate, the connecting end of the control handle and the first pin shaft is provided with a connecting arm, and the end of the connecting arm and the corresponding end of the brake plate are respectively hinged to two ends of a connecting rod. so that with the reciprocating swing of the control handle, the connecting rod drives the brake plate to reciprocate around the third pin shaft, so that one of the two ends of the brake plate is connected to the fixed wheel. the periphery of the .
  • the bow-shaped stopper is arranged above the fixed roulette, so that the rope can be stopped on both sides of the fixed roulette, so as to ensure that when the rope is installed on the descender incorrectly, the rope stop descender will automatically jam the rope;
  • the problem is that there is no indication on the grip when the user rotates the control handle, it is difficult to judge whether the control handle is rotated in place, and it is difficult for operators without professional training to quickly grasp the use method.
  • the existing descenders for ropes have the following shortcomings: (1) those that can be operated with one hand cannot realize automatic protection, those that can realize automatic protection cannot be operated with one hand; , especially the unique range of use is especially important for freeing hands, such as fire rescue, military operations, etc. Descenders such as figure 8, ATC, SIMPLE, etc., are operated with one hand but do not have a protective function. After the hand is released from the rope, the user will fall.
  • Descenders such as STOP, ID, etc., have an automatic stop function after being subjected to force, but it is necessary to hold the handle with the other hand other than the rope to achieve descending;
  • the existing rope descenders do not protect the end of the rope In the case of a knot, if the descent reaches the end of the rope, the rope will break away, and the user faces the risk of falling. This requires the user to have professional skills and spend time to tie the rope tail;
  • the existing rope descenders generally use the friction cam design in the protection design, which is easy to lock the rope. After the bumps are worn, the rope stopping effect is poor or the rope stopping fails, which affects the service life of the descender.
  • the present invention is difficult for the user to operate in special occasions such as firefighting and rescue, and the user has no grip feeling when turning the control handle It is difficult to judge whether the control handle is turned in place or not, and it is difficult for operators without professional training to quickly grasp the technical problem of the use method.
  • a multi-mode eccentric wheel anti-panic descender is provided, which can realize when the hands are off the rope.
  • the coexistence of the automatic protection function and the one-hand operation function can effectively improve the rescue efficiency in special occasions such as fire rescue.
  • the handle is rotated in place, the user will feel the step change of the rotation resistance, which is very difficult for operators without professional training. Very friendly.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • a multi-mode eccentric wheel anti-panic descender comprising a descender base plate, an auxiliary friction wheel and an eccentric brake friction wheel are installed on the descender base plate, a first lock hole is arranged on the descender base plate, and the first lock hole is located in the eccentric brake.
  • the side of the dynamic friction wheel far away from the auxiliary friction wheel, the eccentric brake friction wheel is provided with a limit chute, an eccentric wheel limit shaft matched with the limit chute is fixed on the bottom plate of the descender, and the eccentric wheel limit shaft is close to the auxiliary wheel
  • One side of the friction wheel is provided with an eccentric wheel to fix the rotating shaft.
  • the eccentric brake friction wheel can rotate relative to the bottom plate of the descender through the eccentric wheel fixed rotation shaft.
  • the eccentric braking friction wheel is provided with a state switching component that assists the descender to switch from the self-locking state to the descending state.
  • the present invention provides a multi-mode eccentric wheel anti-panic descender, which includes two use modes.
  • the first use mode the first lock hole is located under the eccentric brake friction wheel
  • the second use mode the first lock hole is located eccentrically.
  • the brake friction wheel the upper end of the rope is connected to a fixed anchor point or a protection station, the lower end of the rope passes through the descender to form a grip end, and the eccentric braking friction wheel is located on the auxiliary friction wheel Below, after the rope is wound upward from the lower edge of the eccentric braking friction wheel, it is then wound down along the upper edge of the auxiliary friction wheel and then passed out.
  • the part of the rope in contact with the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel is roughly " S" type, the fitting length of the rope with the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel is about two-thirds of the circumference of the two.
  • the eccentric brake friction wheel cooperates with the auxiliary friction wheel to squeeze the rope.
  • the drive The clockwise rotation torque of the eccentric braking friction wheel is about twice the torque driving its counterclockwise rotation, so although the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel are both friction wheels with smooth circumference, plus the ropes of the two wheels
  • the friction force can still brake the rope stably, so that the descender is in the self-locking protection state; when it is necessary to switch from the self-locking protection state to the descending state, use the state switching component to switch the mode.
  • the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel are used to squeeze together to make the force more uniform, without causing damage to the rope, and the surfaces of the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel are round and smooth, and the contact surface Even if there is wear, it is very uniform.
  • the friction is more dispersed, and the probability of friction points with concentrated force is lower, and the service life of the descender is greatly improved.
  • the upper end of the rope is connected to a fixed anchor point or a protection station, the lower end of the rope passes through the descender to form a grip end, the eccentric braking friction wheel is located above the auxiliary friction wheel, and the rope After winding upward from the lower edge of the eccentric braking friction wheel, it is then wound down along the upper edge of the auxiliary friction wheel and then passed out.
  • the second mode of use is suitable for professionally trained users, which can be operated with one hand. Compared with the first mode of use, the contact of the rope with the eccentric brake friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel The friction part is reduced by about half, and the friction resistance is smaller in the second mode of use.
  • the state switching assembly includes a trigger and a trigger force-bearing member, the trigger is rotatably installed on the bottom plate of the descender, the trigger is connected with a handle, and one end of the trigger is provided with a limit boss; the trigger force-bearing member is rotatably installed on the eccentric braking friction wheel, One end of the trigger force receiving member is provided with a limit groove adapted to the limit boss, the limit boss can abut into the limit groove and the limit boss can slide away from the trigger force member. In the self-locking state, one end of the trigger is supported on the limit shaft of the eccentric wheel.
  • a first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom plate of the descender, the trigger is fixedly sleeved on the peripheral surface of the first rotating shaft, the handle is fixedly sleeved on the peripheral surface of the first rotating shaft, and the handle is located on the side of the descender bottom plate away from the trigger,
  • the teardrop-shaped trigger is located on the side of the eccentric limit shaft close to the auxiliary friction wheel.
  • the first rotating shaft rotates relative to the bottom plate of the descender, and the trigger and the handle are fixedly sleeved on the peripheral surface of the first rotating shaft, so as to realize the rotation of the handle and drive the trigger to rotate. Arranged on both sides of the descender bottom plate.
  • the trigger force-bearing member is located on the side of the eccentric wheel limit shaft away from the auxiliary friction wheel, the eccentric brake friction wheel is provided with a second rotating shaft, the trigger force-bearing member is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft, and the trigger force-bearing member is a cashew nut. shape.
  • the trigger force-receiving member and the trigger cooperate to form a state switching assembly.
  • the state switching process includes descending ready state and descending state.
  • the operation process of the descending ready state is as follows: Pull the handle clockwise from the lower end of the handle, and the trigger coaxial with the handle rotates clockwise synchronously with the handle. When the trigger rotates clockwise, it will push the trigger force member to rotate counterclockwise. After the trigger force-bearing member is higher than the trigger force-bearing member, the trigger force-bearing member is reset and springs back, thus forming a state of preparation for descent.
  • the operation process of the descending state is as follows: the user presses the lower end of the handle to rotate the handle counterclockwise, and the trigger coaxial with the handle rotates together with the handle to form a downward pressure on the force-bearing member of the trigger, and the force-bearing member of the trigger passes through the first
  • the second rotating shaft is fixed on the eccentric braking friction wheel. After being pressed, the eccentric braking friction wheel will move down counterclockwise, the rope is removed by the force squeezed by the eccentric braking friction wheel, and the descender switches from the descending preparation state to In the descending state, as long as the gripping end of the rope maintains a small grip force, it can maintain a faster speed to descend from the rope.
  • the limit boss on the trigger and the limit groove on the trigger force-bearing member are designed in a concave-convex fit.
  • the pressure resistance of the handle will rise in steps, and it can be quickly judged whether the control handle is rotated in place, and operators without professional training can quickly master the use method; in addition, when the limit boss is embedded in the limit groove, If the user is in a state of panic, the user will tensely hold the handle, and at this time, the trigger and the force-receiving member of the trigger will be separated, forming a self-locking protection against panic.
  • the trigger is provided with a first return spring
  • the first return spring is in the shape of a "ji"
  • one end of the first return spring is fixed on the trigger
  • the bending section of the first return spring is arranged around the peripheral surface of the first rotating shaft
  • the other end of the first return spring is connected with the eccentric braking friction wheel.
  • the first return spring is used to assist the reset of the trigger.
  • the trigger force-bearing member is provided with a second return spring
  • the second return spring is in the shape of a "ji"
  • one end of the second return spring is fixed on the trigger force-bearing member
  • the bending section of the second return spring is wound around the On the peripheral surface of the second rotating shaft, the other end of the second return spring is connected with the eccentric braking friction wheel.
  • the second return spring is used to assist the return of the trigger force receiving member.
  • the limit chute is in the shape of a waist circle, and the included angle between the limit chute and the horizontal direction is ⁇ , and ⁇ is between 45° and 60°.
  • the side of the eccentric braking friction wheel away from the bottom plate of the descender is provided with a third return spring
  • the third return spring is in the shape of a "ji"
  • one end of the third return spring is connected to the eccentric braking friction wheel
  • the third return spring The bending section of the eccentric wheel is wound around the peripheral surface of the fixed rotating shaft of the eccentric wheel, and the other end of the third return spring is connected with the bottom plate of the descender.
  • the second return spring is used to assist the return of the eccentric brake friction wheel.
  • a descender top plate is provided on the side of the auxiliary friction wheel away from the descender bottom plate, and the descender top plate is provided with a second locking hole coaxially arranged with the first locking hole.
  • the contours of the first locking hole and the second locking hole Consistently, the first lock hole and the second lock hole cooperate to form a lock hole for hanging a safety lock, and the lock hole is an obliquely arranged oval.
  • the top plate of the descender and the bottom plate of the descender cooperate to limit the rope in the horizontal direction, so as to prevent the rope from falling out of the descender, thereby ensuring the safety of use.
  • the descender bottom plate includes a first body and a first folded plate located at one end of the first body, the angle between the first folded plate and the first body is an obtuse angle
  • the descender top plate includes a second body and a first folded plate located on the second body.
  • the second folded plate at one end, the angle between the second folded plate and the second body is an obtuse angle, the end of the first folded plate away from the first body abuts against the end of the second folded plate away from the second body, the first lock
  • the hole is located on the first folding plate, and the second locking hole is located on the second folding plate.
  • the handle is in an "L" shape
  • the handle includes a connecting section and a holding section
  • the connecting section is connected with the trigger
  • the length of the holding section is greater than that of the connecting section
  • a rock climbing protector comprises an installation base plate, a rotatable eccentric brake friction wheel is installed on the installation base plate, a limit chute is arranged on the eccentric brake friction wheel, and an eccentric wheel matched with the limit chute is fixed on the installation base plate
  • the limit shaft, the installation base plate is provided with an eccentric wheel to fix the rotating shaft, and the eccentric brake friction wheel can rotate relative to the installation base plate through the eccentric wheel fixed rotation shaft.
  • a braking gap is formed between it and the eccentric braking friction wheel, and a state switching component for adjusting the size of the braking gap is installed on the installation base plate to switch the climbing protector from the self-locking state to the descending state.
  • a high-load long-distance descender includes an installation base plate, a rotatable eccentric braking friction wheel is installed on the installation base plate, a limit chute is arranged on the eccentric braking friction wheel, and a limit chute is fixed on the installation base plate to match the limit chute.
  • the eccentric wheel limit shaft, the installation base plate is provided with an eccentric wheel fixed rotation shaft, the eccentric brake friction wheel can rotate relative to the installation base plate through the eccentric wheel fixed rotation shaft, and the eccentric brake friction wheel on the installation base plate is provided with a braking surface on the periphery.
  • a braking gap is formed between the braking surface and the eccentric braking friction wheel, and a state switching component is installed on the installation base plate to adjust the size of the braking gap to switch the high-load long-distance descender from the self-locking state to the descending state.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1)
  • the descender of the present invention can be applied to two descending modes.
  • the first descending mode adopts the eccentric braking friction wheel and the
  • the auxiliary friction wheel cooperates with the extrusion to make the force more uniform, without causing damage to the rope, and the surfaces of the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel are round and smooth, and the contact surface is evenly worn even if it is worn.
  • the second descending mode can realize one-hand operation, compared with In the first use mode, the contact friction between the rope and the eccentric brake friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel is reduced by about half.
  • the descender will automatically flip back to the self-locking protection state to form a safety protection, so there is no protection knot at the end of the rope to automatically form protection.
  • the descender will automatically flip back to the self-locking protection state.
  • the limit boss on the trigger and the limit groove on the trigger force-bearing member are designed to be concave and convex.
  • the pressure resistance of the handle will rise in steps, and it can be quickly judged whether the control handle is rotated in place, and operators without professional training can quickly master the use method;
  • the limit boss is embedded in the limit groove , if the user is in a state of panic, the user will tensely hold the handle, at this time the trigger and the trigger force member will be separated, forming an anti-panic self-locking protection;
  • the coexistence of automatic protection function and one-hand operation function can effectively improve rescue efficiency in special occasions such as fire rescue.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the descender of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the descender top plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the descender in the present invention after the top plate of the descender is removed.
  • Figure 5 is a rear view of the descender of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of the descender of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the descender according to the present invention when it is in a self-locking protection state.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the descender according to the present invention when it is in a descending preparation state.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the descender according to the present invention when it is in a descending state.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Descender bottom plate 1 auxiliary friction wheel 2, eccentric brake friction wheel 3, first lock hole 4, limit chute 5, eccentric wheel limit shaft 6, eccentric wheel fixed rotating shaft 7, brake gap 8, state switching Assembly 9, trigger 10, first shaft 11, handle 12, limit boss 13, first return spring 14, trigger force member 15, second shaft 16, limit groove 17, second return spring 18, first Three return springs 19 , descender top plate 20 , second locking hole 21 , first body 22 , first folding plate 23 , second body 24 , second folding plate 25 , connecting section 26 , and holding section 27 .
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
  • a multi-mode eccentric wheel anti-panic descender includes a descender base plate 1, an auxiliary friction wheel 2 and an eccentric braking friction wheel 3 are installed on the descender base plate, and the descender base plate is provided with The first lock hole 4, the first lock hole is located on the side of the eccentric braking friction wheel away from the auxiliary friction wheel, the eccentric braking friction wheel is provided with a limit chute 5, and the bottom plate of the descender is fixed with a limit chute matched with the limit chute.
  • the eccentric wheel limit shaft 6, the side of the eccentric wheel limit shaft close to the auxiliary friction wheel is provided with an eccentric wheel fixed rotating shaft 7, the eccentric brake friction wheel can rotate relative to the bottom plate of the descender through the eccentric wheel fixed rotating shaft, and the auxiliary friction Between the wheel and the eccentric braking friction wheel, there is a braking gap 8 for threading the rope, and the eccentric braking friction wheel is provided with a state switching component 9 that assists the descender to switch from the self-locking state to the descending state;
  • the state switching assembly includes a trigger 10 and a trigger force-bearing member 11.
  • the trigger is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate of the descender, the trigger is connected to a handle 12, and one end of the trigger is provided with a limit boss 13; the trigger force-bearing member is rotated and installed on the eccentric braking friction wheel
  • One end of the trigger force receiving member is provided with a limit groove 17 adapted to the limit boss, the limit boss can abut into the limit groove and the limit boss can slide away from the trigger force member.
  • a first rotating shaft 11 is rotatably connected to the bottom plate of the descender, the trigger is fixedly sleeved on the peripheral surface of the first rotating shaft, the handle is fixedly sleeved on the peripheral surface of the first rotating shaft, and the handle is located on the side of the descender bottom plate away from the trigger, in the form of water droplets
  • the shaped trigger is located on the side of the eccentric wheel limit shaft close to the auxiliary friction wheel;
  • the trigger is provided with a first return spring 14, the first return spring is in the shape of a "ji", and one end of the first return spring is fixed on the trigger, the first return spring is The bending section of the return spring is wound around the peripheral surface of the first rotating shaft, and the other end of the first return spring is connected to the eccentric braking friction wheel;
  • the trigger force receiving member is located on the side of the eccentric wheel limit shaft away from the auxiliary friction wheel,
  • the eccentric braking friction wheel is provided with a second rotating shaft 16, the trigger force-bearing member is rotat
  • the third return spring is in the shape of a "ji"
  • one end of the third return spring is connected to the eccentric braking friction wheel, and the bending section of the third return spring is arranged around the peripheral surface of the eccentric fixed rotating shaft,
  • the other end of the third return spring is connected to the descender bottom plate;
  • the side of the auxiliary friction wheel away from the descender bottom plate is provided with a descender top plate 20, and the descender top plate is provided with a second lock hole 21 coaxially arranged with the first lock hole , the contours of the first lock hole and the second lock hole are consistent, the first lock hole and the second lock hole cooperate to form a lock hole for hanging a safety lock, and the lock hole is an obliquely arranged oval;
  • the bottom plate of the descender includes a A body 22 and a first folded plate 23 at one end of the first body.
  • the angle between the first folded plate and the first body is an obtuse angle.
  • the top plate of the descender includes a second body 24 and a second folded plate at one end of the second body. Plate 25, the angle between the second folded plate and the second body is an obtuse angle, the end of the first folded plate away from the first body is in contact with the end of the second folded plate away from the second body, and the first lock hole is located in the first On the folded plate, the second lock hole is located on the second folded plate; the handle is in an "L" shape, the handle includes a connecting section 26 and a holding section 27, the connecting section is connected with the trigger, and the length of the holding section is greater than that of the connecting section.
  • the bottom plate of the descender is in the shape of a long strip, and an auxiliary friction wheel is installed near the upper end of the bottom plate of the descender.
  • the auxiliary friction wheel is connected to the bottom plate of the descender through two connecting shafts.
  • the two connecting shafts are arranged along the diameter direction of the auxiliary friction wheel, an eccentric braking friction wheel is arranged below the auxiliary friction wheel, and a braking gap for winding the rope is left between the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel.
  • the diameters of the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel are the same.
  • the eccentric braking friction wheel is provided with an eccentric fixed rotating shaft fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the descender at the eccentric position.
  • the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel are connected at the center.
  • the fixed rotating shaft of the eccentric wheel is located on the upper right side of the center of the eccentric braking friction wheel.
  • the eccentric braking friction wheel is provided with a limit chute, which is in the shape of a cashew nut.
  • the centers of the eccentric braking friction wheels are coincident, and the limit chute is bent and extended from the upper left to the lower right.
  • the eccentric wheel limit shaft matching the limit chute is fixed on the bottom plate of the descender.
  • the state switching assembly includes a trigger, a trigger force-bearing member, a handle and a return spring, and the specific structure and position distribution are as follows.
  • a first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom plate of the descender, the trigger is fixedly sleeved on the peripheral surface of the first rotating shaft, the other side of the bottom plate of the descender is provided with a handle, and the handle is fixedly sleeved on the peripheral surface of the first rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft It is located at the upper left of the fixed rotating shaft of the eccentric wheel.
  • the trigger is in the shape of a water drop or a hook.
  • the trigger includes a large end and a small end.
  • the trigger force-bearing member in the shape of a cashew is rotatably connected with the second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is located at the lower left of the eccentric limit shaft, and the upper end of the trigger force-bearing member is provided with a limit boss.
  • the limit groove; the trigger is provided with a first return spring, the first return spring is in the shape of a "ji", one end of the first return spring is fixed on the trigger, and the bending section of the first return spring is wound around the first shaft.
  • the trigger force receiving member is provided with a second return spring
  • the second return spring is in the shape of a "ji"
  • one end of the second return spring is fixed on the trigger
  • the bending section of the second return spring is wound around the peripheral surface of the second rotating shaft, and the other end of the second return spring is connected with the eccentric braking friction wheel, which is far away from a part of the bottom plate of the descender.
  • the third return spring is in the shape of "ji"
  • one end of the third return spring is connected with the eccentric braking friction wheel
  • the bending section of the third return spring is arranged around the circumference of the fixed rotating shaft of the eccentric wheel.
  • the other end of the third return spring is connected with the bottom plate of the descender.
  • the present invention provides a multi-mode eccentric wheel anti-panic descender, which includes two use modes.
  • the first use mode the first lock hole is located under the eccentric brake friction wheel, and in the second use mode, the first lock hole is located eccentrically. Above the brake friction wheel.
  • This embodiment introduces the operation process of the first use mode, and the specific operation process of the second use mode is expanded in the second embodiment.
  • Figure 7 shows the schematic diagram of the descender in the self-locking protection state in the first use mode.
  • the upper part of the rope is connected to a fixed anchor point or a protection station. After the descender comes out, it is the handshake end of the rope. After the rope is installed as shown, the descender wears Connect the safety belt with the main lock and the keyhole of the descender. At this time, the gravity of the descender is transmitted to the main lock through the safety belt, and the main lock is transmitted to the top plate of the descender and the bottom plate of the descender. Due to the eccentric braking friction wheel is fixed by the fixed shaft.
  • the eccentric braking friction wheel will rotate around the fixed rotating shaft of the eccentric wheel until it does not move after squeezing the rope with the auxiliary friction wheel.
  • the clockwise rotation torque of the eccentric braking friction wheel is the counterclockwise resistance.
  • the torque is about twice the torque, so although there are two smooth friction wheels, the rope friction force of the two wheels can still brake the rope steadily, so that the descender is in the self-locking protection mode and does not slide down.
  • the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel are used to squeeze together to make the force more uniform, without causing damage to the rope, and the surfaces of the eccentric braking friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel are round and smooth, and the contact surface is very uniform even if there is wear. , Compared with the traditional cam structure, the friction is more dispersed, the probability of the friction point with concentrated force is lower, and the service life of the descender is greatly improved.
  • Figure 8 shows the schematic diagram of the descender in the first mode of use when the descender is in the ready state. Pull the handle clockwise from the lower end of the handle. At this time, the trigger connected to the handle will rotate with the handle, and the trigger will rotate clockwise. The force-bearing member of the trigger rotates counterclockwise at the top. When the rotation angle of the trigger is higher than the force-bearing member of the trigger, the receiving member of the trigger is reset and springs back, forming a state of preparation for descent.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the descender in the descending state in the first use mode.
  • the rotation forms a downward pressure on the force-bearing member of the trigger.
  • the force-bearing member of the trigger is fixed on the eccentric braking friction wheel through the rotating shaft.
  • the eccentric braking friction wheel After being pressed, the eccentric braking friction wheel will move down counterclockwise, and the rope will be eccentric.
  • the pressing force of the brake friction wheel is removed, and the descender switches to the descending working mode. At this time, as long as you maintain a small grip on the end of the rope in the lower right corner, you can maintain a faster speed to descend from the rope.
  • the force-bearing member of the trigger and the working surface of the trigger have a concave-convex design, the purpose is that when the handle is pressed down to the contact point of the trigger and embedded in the recess of the force-bearing member of the trigger, the resistance of the handle pressing down will increase, making it easier for the user to maintain the this state.
  • the trigger contact point is embedded in the recess of the trigger force member, if the user is in a state of panic, the handle will be tightly gripped, and the rear trigger and the trigger force member will be separated, forming an anti-panic protection and self-locking. After the anti-panic self-locking, if the user regains a stable mood, lift the handle clockwise as shown in Figure 8 to return to the ready-to-fall state.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of the descender in the descending state in the second use mode, which is more suitable for users with good professional quality.
  • the upper end of the rope is connected to a fixed anchor point or a protection station, the lower end of the rope passes through the descender to form a grip end, the eccentric braking friction wheel is located above the auxiliary friction wheel, and the rope After winding upward from the lower edge of the eccentric braking friction wheel, it is then wound down along the upper edge of the auxiliary friction wheel and then passed out.
  • ° "S" type The second use mode can realize one-handed operation.
  • the contact friction parts between the rope and the eccentric brake friction wheel and the auxiliary friction wheel are reduced by about half, and the friction resistance in the second use mode is higher.
  • the descender will automatically flip back to the self-locking protection state to form a safety protection, so there is no protection knot at the end of the rope to automatically form protection, and finally, when the user releases in panic situations When the rope is used, the descender will automatically flip back to the self-locking protection state.
  • the specific working method is as follows: hold the rope from the end of the descender rope, and force the descender downward to the right to turn the descender clockwise. After turning over, the eccentric braking friction wheel greatly reduces the torque of clockwise rotation, so it will remove the squeeze on the rope and enter the descending state. At this time, the right hand can quickly descend by maintaining a certain grip strength. If the right hand is released from the rope, the descender will flip back to the self-locking protection mode.
  • Figure 11 shows a rock-climbing protector, including a lemon-shaped installation bottom plate, on which a rotatable eccentric braking friction wheel is installed, a limit chute is arranged on the eccentric braking friction wheel, and a limit and a limiter are fixed on the installation bottom plate.
  • the structure of the state switching assembly is the same as that of the state switching assembly in Embodiment 1, and the rock climbing protector can realize the anti-panic function, but cannot realize the second descending mode described in Embodiment 2.
  • the braking surface is set on the periphery of the eccentric braking friction wheel on the installation base plate, and a braking gap is formed between the braking surface and the eccentric braking friction wheel. Unlock.
  • the limit boss of the trigger is inserted into the limit groove of the trigger force-bearing member, the lowering mode can be maintained by maintaining a proper grip on the handle.
  • the trigger and the trigger force-bearing member will In case of separation, it will automatically enter the self-locking protection state, thereby realizing the anti-panic function.
  • Figure 12 shows a high-load long-distance descender, including a bulb-shaped installation base plate, on which a rotatable eccentric brake friction wheel is installed, the eccentric brake friction wheel is provided with a limit chute, and the installation base plate is fixed There is an eccentric wheel limit shaft matched with the limit chute, the installation base plate is provided with an eccentric wheel fixed rotating shaft, the eccentric brake friction wheel can rotate relative to the installation base plate through the eccentric wheel fixed rotating shaft, and the eccentric brake on the installation base plate A braking surface is set on the periphery of the friction wheel, and a braking gap is formed between the braking surface and the eccentric braking friction wheel.
  • the structure of the state switching assembly is consistent with the structure of the state switching assembly in Embodiment 1.
  • the high-load long-distance descender can realize the anti-panic function, but cannot realize the second descending mode described in Embodiment 2.
  • the braking surface is set on the periphery of the eccentric braking friction wheel on the installation base plate, and a braking gap is formed between the braking surface and the eccentric braking friction wheel. Unlock.
  • the descender has a stronger structure and can be used for rescue and descent, increasing the working load and the distance of a single working rope.
  • the lowering mode can be maintained by maintaining a proper grip on the handle.
  • the trigger and the trigger force-bearing member will In case of separation, it will automatically enter the self-locking protection state, thereby realizing the anti-panic function.

Abstract

本发明为了克服现有技术中下降器无法实现单手操作功能和自动保护功能的共存，在消防救援等特殊场合应用时使用者的操作难度较大的技术问题，提供一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，包括下降器底板，下降器底板上安装有辅助摩擦轮和偏心制动摩擦轮，下降器底板上设有第一锁孔，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽，下降器底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴，偏心轮限位轴靠近辅助摩擦轮的一侧设有偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对下降器底板发生转动，辅助摩擦轮和偏心制动摩擦轮之间设有用以穿设绳索的制动间隙，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有辅助所述下降器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件。

Description

一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器 技术领域
本发明涉及高空缓降装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器。
背景技术
下降器是一种应用于拓展训练、登山、极限、户外等运动场景或救援场景中用以保护操作人员的防护装置。
申请号为CN201020216676.1的中国专利公开了一种绳索制停下降器，包括固定侧板和与所述固定侧板通过第一销轴转动连接的活动侧板，所述第一销轴上套设有一外周具有凹槽的能够随绳索运动而转动的活动轮盘和一控制手柄，所述活动轮盘位于所述固定侧板和所述活动侧板之间，所述控制手柄与所述活动轮盘联动；所述活动轮盘上部的固定侧板上通过第二销轴固定设置有一外周具有凹槽的固定轮盘；所述固定轮盘上部的固定侧板上通过第三销轴转动连接有一弓形的制停摆片，所述控制手柄与所述第一销轴的连接端设有一连接臂，所述连接臂的端部与所述制停摆片的相应端分别铰接在一连杆的两端，使得随着所述控制手柄的往复摆动，所述连杆带动所述制停摆片绕所述第三销轴往复转动，使所述制停摆片两端中的一端与所述固定轮盘的外周相抵。
上述专利通过在固定轮盘上方设置弓形制停摆片，使得在固定轮盘的两侧均能制停绳索，保证绳索在下降器上安装错误时，该绳索制停下降器都会自动卡住绳索；其问题在于，使用者在转动控制手柄时没有握感上的提示，控制手柄是否转动到位难以判断，未经专业训练的操作人员难以快速掌握使用方法。
此外，现有的绳索用下降器存在以下几方面缺点：(1)可单手操作的不能实现自动保护，能实现自动保护的不能单手操作；不能解放绳索运用下降过程中的另一只手，特别是特有的使用范围对解放手尤其重要，例如消防救援时、军事行动中等。如8字环、ATC、SIMPLE等下降器，单手操作但不具备保护功能，手脱离绳索后使用者即下坠。如STOP、ID等下降器，受力后都有自动掣停功能，但需要握绳子以外另一只手操作手柄才能实现下降；(2)现有的绳索用下降器在绳索尾端不打保护结的情况下，如果下降到达绳尾均会脱离绳索，使用者面临坠落风险。这就要求使用者在使用过程中有专业技能且要花费时间去打绳尾结；(3)现有的绳索用下降器在保护设计中一般都使用摩擦凸轮设计，这种设计容易在卡绳凸点摩损后造成停绳效果差或停绳失效，影响下降器使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有技术中下降器无法实现单手操作功能和自动保护功能的共存，在 消防救援等特殊场合应用时使用者的操作难度较大，以及使用者在转动控制手柄时没有握感上的提示，控制手柄是否转动到位难以判断，未经专业训练的操作人员难以快速掌握使用方法的技术问题，提供一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，所述下降器可实现双手脱离绳索时的自动保护功能和单手操作功能和共存，在消防救援等特殊场合可有效提升救援效率，此外，手柄转动到位时使用者会感受到转动阻力的阶跃变化，对未经专业训练的操作人员极为友好。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案。
一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，包括下降器底板，下降器底板上安装有辅助摩擦轮和偏心制动摩擦轮，下降器底板上设有第一锁孔，第一锁孔位于偏心制动摩擦轮远离辅助摩擦轮的一侧，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽，下降器底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴，偏心轮限位轴靠近辅助摩擦轮的一侧设有偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对下降器底板发生转动，辅助摩擦轮和偏心制动摩擦轮之间设有用以穿设绳索的制动间隙，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有辅助所述下降器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件。
本发明提供一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，包括两种使用模式，第一种使用模式中第一锁孔位于偏心制动摩擦轮下方，第二种使用模式中第一锁孔位于偏心制动摩擦轮上方。具体的，在采取第一种使用模式时，将绳索的上端与固定锚点或保护站相连，绳索的下端沿所述下降器穿出后形成握持端，偏心制动摩擦轮位于辅助摩擦轮下方，绳索自偏心制动摩擦轮下缘向上绕设后，再沿辅助摩擦轮的上缘朝下绕设后穿出，绳索与偏心制动摩擦轮及辅助摩擦轮相接触的部分大致呈“S”型，绳索与偏心制动摩擦轮和辅助摩擦轮的贴合长度均大致为两者周长的三分之二左右，待绳索穿设完成后，使用者穿好安全腰带后用主锁和下降器上的锁孔连接，此时使用者的重力经安全腰带传递到主锁，再经主锁传递到下降器顶板和底板，由于偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对下降器底板发生转动，故而偏心制动摩擦轮会以偏心轮固定旋转轴为中心向上摆动，偏心制动摩擦轮与辅助摩擦轮配合对绳索进行挤压，当偏心制动摩擦轮停止转动时，驱动偏心制动摩擦轮顺时针旋转的力矩是驱动其逆时针旋转的力矩的两倍左右，故而虽然偏心制动摩擦轮和辅助摩擦轮均为周面光滑的摩擦轮，加上两个轮子的绳索摩擦力仍可以稳稳的制动住绳索，从而使下降器处于自锁保护状态；当需要从自锁保护状态切换至下降状态时，使用状态切换组件进行模式切换即可。第一种使用模式下采用偏心制动摩擦轮和辅助摩擦轮配合挤压使得受力更加均匀，不会对绳索造成损伤，且偏心制动摩擦轮和辅助摩擦轮的表面均圆润光滑，接触面即时有磨损也非常均匀，相较于传统的凸轮结构摩擦较为分散，出现集中受力的摩擦点的概率较低，下降器的使用寿命得到 大幅提升。
在采取第二种使用模式时，将绳索的上端与固定锚点或保护站相连，绳索的下端沿所述下降器穿出后形成握持端，偏心制动摩擦轮位于辅助摩擦轮上方，绳索自偏心制动摩擦轮下缘向上绕设后，再沿辅助摩擦轮的上缘朝下绕设后穿出，绳索与偏心制动摩擦轮及辅助摩擦轮相接触的部分大致呈逆时针旋转45°的“S”型，第二种使用模式适用于经过专业训练的使用者，其可实现单手操作，相较于第一种使用模式，绳索与偏心制动摩擦轮及辅助摩擦轮的接触摩擦部位减少约一半，第二种使用模式下所受摩擦阻力更小，此外，当握持端失去拉力时，下降器会自动翻转回自锁保护状态形成安全防护，故而在绳索末端无保护结亦可自动形成保护，最后，当使用者在恐慌情景下松开绳索时，下降器会自动翻转回自锁保护状态。
作为优选，状态切换组件包括扳机、扳机受力构件，扳机转动安装在下降器底板上，扳机上连接手柄，扳机一端设有限位凸台；扳机受力构件转动安装在偏心制动摩擦轮上，扳机受力构件一端设有和限位凸台适配的限位凹槽，限位凸台可抵接到限位凹槽中且限位凸台可滑离扳机受力构件。自锁状态下，扳机一端支撑在偏心轮限位轴上。当要解锁时，转动手柄转动带动扳机一起转动，扳机与扳机受力构件分离，然后反向转动手柄，使扳机上的限位凸台抵接到扳机受力构件上的限位凹槽中，从而推动偏心制动摩擦轮向远离辅助摩擦轮方向偏转，制动间隙增大，实现绳索的解锁，下降器的下降。
作为优选，下降器底板上转动连接有第一转轴，扳机固定套接在第一转轴的周面上，手柄固定套设在第一转轴周面上，手柄位于下降器底板远离扳机的一侧，呈水滴状的扳机位于偏心轮限位轴靠近辅助摩擦轮的一侧。第一转轴相对下降器底板发生转动，扳机和手柄均固定套设在第一转轴的周面上，从而实现手柄转动的同时带动扳机发生转动，为避免手柄与扳机发生干涉，将手柄和扳机分别布设在下降器底板的两侧。
作为优选，扳机受力构件位于偏心轮限位轴远离辅助摩擦轮的一侧，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有第二转轴，扳机受力构件与第二转轴转动相连，扳机受力构件呈腰果形。
扳机受力构件和扳机配合构成状态切换组件，以采用第一种下降模式为例对下降器的状态切换过程进行说明，所述状态切换过程包括下降准备状态和下降状态。下降准备状态的操作过程如下：从手柄下端顺时针拉动手柄，与手柄共轴的扳机随手柄同步顺时针旋转，扳机顺时针旋转时会将扳机受力构件顶成逆时针旋转，当扳机旋转角度高过扳机受力构件后，扳机受力构件复位弹回，从而形成了下降准备状态。下降状态的操作过程如下：使用者按压手柄下端使手柄按逆时针方向旋转，与手柄共轴的板机随手柄一同旋转对板机受力构件形成下压的力，板机受力构件通过第二转轴固定于偏心制动摩擦轮上，受压后会使偏心制动摩擦 轮按逆时针向下运动，绳索被偏心制动摩擦轮挤压的力移除，下降器从下降准备状态切换至下降状态，此时只要在绳索的握持端保持较小的握力就可以保持较快的速度从绳索上下降。本发明中，扳机上的限位凸台与扳机受力构件上的限位凹槽呈凹凸配合设计，当手柄下压至扳机的限位凸台嵌入扳机受力构件上的限位凹槽时，手柄的下压阻力会呈阶跃式上升，控制手柄是否转动到位可快捷判断，未经专业训练的操作人员亦可以快速掌握使用方法；此外，在限位凸台嵌入限位凹槽时，倘若使用者处于恐慌状态，使用者会紧张性握死手柄，此时扳机与扳机受力构件会脱离，形成防恐慌的自锁保护。
作为优选，扳机上设有第一复位弹簧，第一复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第一复位弹簧的一端固定在扳机上，第一复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在第一转轴的周面上，第一复位弹簧的另一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连。第一复位弹簧用以辅助扳机的复位。
作为优选，扳机受力构件上设有第二复位弹簧，第二复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第二复位弹簧的一端固定在扳机受力构件上，第二复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在第二转轴的周面上，第二复位弹簧的另一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连。第二复位弹簧用以辅助扳机受力构件的复位。
作为优选，限位滑槽呈腰圆形，限位滑槽与水平方向的夹角为α，α在45°到60°之间。
作为优选，偏心制动摩擦轮远离下降器底板的一侧设有第三复位弹簧，第三复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第三复位弹簧的一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连，第三复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在偏心轮固定旋转轴的周面上，第三复位弹簧的另一端与下降器底板相连。第二复位弹簧用以辅助偏心制动摩擦轮的复位。
作为优选，辅助摩擦轮远离下降器底板的一侧设有下降器顶板，下降器顶板上设有与第一锁孔共轴布设的第二锁孔，第一锁孔和第二锁孔的轮廓一致，第一锁孔和第二锁孔配合构成用以挂设安全锁具的锁孔，锁孔为倾斜布置的长圆形。下降器顶板和下降器底板配合对绳索进行水平方向的限位，避免绳索从下降器上脱出，从而保障使用安全性。
作为优选，下降器底板包括第一本体和位于第一本体一端的第一折板，第一折板与第一本体之间的夹角为钝角，下降器顶板包括第二本体和位于第二本体一端的第二折板，第二折板与第二本体之间的夹角为钝角，第一折板远离第一本体的一端与第二折板远离第二本体的一端相抵接，第一锁孔位于第一折板上，第二锁孔位于第二折板上。
作为优选，手柄呈“L”型，手柄包括连接段和握持段，连接段与扳机相连，握持段的长度大于连接段的长度。
一种攀岩保护器，包括安装底板，安装底板上安装可转动的偏心制动摩擦轮，偏心制动摩擦 轮上设有限位滑槽，安装底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴，安装底板上设有偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对安装底板发生转动，安装底板上偏心制动摩擦轮外围设置制动面，制动面和偏心制动摩擦轮之间形成制动间隙，安装底板上安装用于调整制动间隙大小从而使攀岩保护器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件。
一种高负荷长距离下降器，包括安装底板，安装底板上安装可转动的偏心制动摩擦轮，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽，安装底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴，安装底板上设有偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对安装底板发生转动，安装底板上偏心制动摩擦轮外围设置制动面，制动面和偏心制动摩擦轮之间形成制动间隙，安装底板上安装用于调整制动间隙大小从而使高负荷长距离下降器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件。
综上所述，本发明具有如下有益效果：(1)本发明所述下降器可应用于两种下降模式，对于未经过专业训练的使用者，第一种下降模式采用偏心制动摩擦轮和辅助摩擦轮配合挤压使得受力更加均匀，不会对绳索造成损伤，且偏心制动摩擦轮和辅助摩擦轮的表面均圆润光滑，接触面即时有磨损也非常均匀，相较于传统的凸轮结构摩擦较为分散，出现集中受力的摩擦点的概率较低，下降器的使用寿命得到大幅提升；(2)对于经过专业训练的使用者，第二种下降模式可实现单手操作，相较于第一种使用模式，绳索与偏心制动摩擦轮及辅助摩擦轮的接触摩擦部位减少约一半，第二种使用模式下所受摩擦阻力更小，此外，当握持端失去拉力时，下降器会自动翻转回自锁保护状态形成安全防护，故而在绳索末端无保护结亦可自动形成保护，最后，当使用者在恐慌情景下松开绳索时，下降器会自动翻转回自锁保护状态；(3)扳机上的限位凸台与扳机受力构件上的限位凹槽呈凹凸配合设计，当手柄下压至扳机的限位凸台嵌入扳机受力构件上的限位凹槽时，手柄的下压阻力会呈阶跃式上升，控制手柄是否转动到位可快捷判断，未经专业训练的操作人员亦可以快速掌握使用方法；(4)在限位凸台嵌入限位凹槽时，倘若使用者处于恐慌状态，使用者会紧张性握死手柄，此时扳机与扳机受力构件会脱离，形成防恐慌的自锁保护；(5)所述下降器可实现双手脱离绳索时的自动保护功能和单手操作功能和共存，在消防救援等特殊场合可有效提升救援效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是本发明所述下降器的透视图。
图3是本发明中下降器顶板的正视图。
图4是本发明中下降器拆除下降器顶板后的正视图。
图5是本发明所述下降器的后视图。
图6是本发明所述下降器的侧视图。
图7是本发明所述下降器处于自锁保护状态时的示意图。
图8是本发明所述下降器处于下降准备状态时的示意图。
图9是本发明所述下降器处于下降状态时的示意图。
图10是本发明中实施例2的示意图。
图11是本发明中实施例3的示意图。
图12是本发明中实施例4的示意图。
图中：
下降器底板1，辅助摩擦轮2，偏心制动摩擦轮3，第一锁孔4，限位滑槽5，偏心轮限位轴6，偏心轮固定旋转轴7，制动间隙8，状态切换组件9，扳机10，第一转轴11，手柄12，限位凸台13，第一复位弹簧14，扳机受力构件15，第二转轴16，限位凹槽17，第二复位弹簧18，第三复位弹簧19，下降器顶板20，第二锁孔21，第一本体22，第一折板23，第二本体24，第二折板25，连接段26，握持段27。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例1：
如图1至图9所示，一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，包括下降器底板1，下降器底板上安装有辅助摩擦轮2和偏心制动摩擦轮3，下降器底板上设有第一锁孔4，第一锁孔位于偏心制动摩擦轮远离辅助摩擦轮的一侧，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽5，下降器底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴6，偏心轮限位轴靠近辅助摩擦轮的一侧设有偏心轮固定旋转轴7，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对下降器底板发生转动，辅助摩擦轮和偏心制动摩擦轮之间设有用以穿设绳索的制动间隙8，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有辅助所述下降器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件9；
状态切换组件包括扳机10、扳机受力构件11，扳机转动安装在下降器底板上，扳机上连接手柄12，扳机一端设有限位凸台13；扳机受力构件转动安装在偏心制动摩擦轮上，扳机受力构件一端设有和限位凸台适配的限位凹槽17，限位凸台可抵接到限位凹槽中且限位凸台可滑离扳机受力构件。
下降器底板上转动连接有第一转轴11，扳机固定套接在第一转轴的周面上，手柄固定套设在第一转轴周面上，手柄位于下降器底板远离扳机的一侧，呈水滴状的扳机位于偏心轮限位轴靠近辅助摩擦轮的一侧；扳机上设有第一复位弹簧14，第一复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第一复位弹簧的一端固定在扳机上，第一复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在第一转轴的周面上，第一复位弹簧的另一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连；扳机受力构件位于偏心轮限位轴远离辅助摩擦轮的一侧，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有第二转轴16，扳机受力构件与第二转轴转动相连，扳机受力构件呈腰果形；扳机受力构件上设有第二复位弹簧18，第二复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第二复位弹簧的一端固定在扳机受力构件上，第二复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在第二转轴的周面上，第二复位弹簧的另一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连；限位滑槽呈腰圆形，限位滑槽与水平方向的夹角为α，α在45°到60°之间；偏心制动摩擦轮远离下降器底板的一侧设有第三复位弹簧19，第三复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第三复位弹簧的一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连，第三复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在偏心轮固定旋转轴的周面上，第三复位弹簧的另一端与下降器底板相连；辅助摩擦轮远离下降器底板的一侧设有下降器顶板20，下降器顶板上设有与第一锁孔共轴布设的第二锁孔21，第一锁孔和第二锁孔的轮廓一致，第一锁孔和第二锁孔配合构成用以挂设安全锁具的锁孔，锁孔为倾斜布置的长圆形；下降器底板包括第一本体22和位于第一本体一端的第一折板23，第一折板与第一本体之间的夹角为钝角，下降器顶板包括第二本体24和位于第二本体一端的第二折板25，第二折板与第二本体之间的夹角为钝角，第一折板远离第一本体的一端与第二折板远离第二本体的一端相抵接，第一锁孔位于第一折板上，第二锁孔位于第二折板上；手柄呈“L”型，手柄包括连接段26和握持段27，连接段与扳机相连，握持段的长 度大于连接段的长度。
如图1、图2和图4所示，下降器底板呈长条形板状，下降器底板的靠近上端的部位安装有辅助摩擦轮，辅助摩擦轮通过两个连接轴与下降器底板相连，两个连接轴沿辅助摩擦轮的直径方向布置，辅助摩擦轮的下方设有偏心制动摩擦轮，偏心制动摩擦轮与辅助摩擦轮之间留有用以绕设绳索的制动间隙，本实施例中偏心制动摩擦轮与辅助摩擦轮的直径一致，偏心制动摩擦轮的偏心位置设有与下降器底板固定相连的偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮与辅助摩擦轮的连心线沿竖直方向时，偏心轮固定旋转轴位于偏心制动摩擦轮圆心的右上侧，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽，限位滑槽呈腰果形，限位滑槽的上端与偏心制动摩擦轮的圆心重合，限位滑槽自左上朝右下方弯折延伸，下降器底板上固定有与限位滑槽相匹配的偏心轮限位轴，当偏心制动摩擦轮与辅助摩擦轮的连心线沿竖直方向时，偏心轮限位轴与偏心制动摩擦轮的圆心重合。偏心制动摩擦轮自下而上绕偏心轮固定旋转轴转动时，制动间隙的宽度变窄，同步的，偏心轮限位轴相对限位滑槽朝偏心制动摩擦轮的反方向运动，当偏心轮限位轴与限位滑槽的下端接触时，偏心制动摩擦轮的上摆动停止。
状态切换组件包括扳机、扳机受力构件、手柄和复位弹簧，具体的结构及位置分布如下。下降器底板上转动连接有第一转轴，扳机固定套接在第一转轴的周面上，下降器底板的另一侧设有手柄，手柄固定套设在第一转轴周面上，第一转轴位于偏心轮固定旋转轴的左上方，扳机呈水滴状或勾玉状，扳机包括大端和小端，大端套设在第一转轴上，小端设有限位凸台；偏心制动摩擦轮上设有第二转轴，呈腰果形的扳机受力构件与第二转轴转动相连，第二转轴位于偏心轮限位轴的左下方，扳机受力构件的上端设有与限位凸台相匹配的限位凹槽；扳机上设有第一复位弹簧，第一复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第一复位弹簧的一端固定在扳机上，第一复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在第一转轴的周面上，第一复位弹簧的另一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连，扳机受力构件上设有第二复位弹簧，第二复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第二复位弹簧的一端固定在扳机受力构件上，第二复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在第二转轴的周面上，第二复位弹簧的另一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连，偏心制动摩擦轮远离下降器底板的一侧设有第三复位弹簧，第三复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第三复位弹簧的一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连，第三复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在偏心轮固定旋转轴的周面上，第三复位弹簧的另一端与下降器底板相连。
本发明提供一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，包括两种使用模式，第一种使用模式中第一锁孔位于偏心制动摩擦轮下方，第二种使用模式中第一锁孔位于偏心制动摩擦轮上方。本实施例对第一种使用模式的操作过程进行介绍，第二种使用模式的具体操作过程在实施例2中展开。
图7所示为第一种使用模式中下降器处于自锁保护状态时的示意图，绳索上部连接固定锚点或保护站，下降器出来后为绳索握手端，绳索如图安装好后下降者穿好安全腰带后用主锁和下降器锁孔连接，此时下降者重力经安全腰带传递到主锁，主锁传递到下降器顶板和下降器底板，由于偏心制动摩擦轮由固定轴固定于下降器底板，故偏心制动摩擦轮会以偏心轮固定旋转轴为中心旋转，直至与辅助摩擦轮挤压绳索后不到动弹，此时偏心制动摩擦轮顺时针旋转的力矩是逆时针阻力力矩的两倍左右，所以虽然是两个光滑的摩擦轮，加上两个轮子的绳索摩擦力仍可以稳稳的制动住绳索，使下降器处于自锁保护模式不下滑。
采用偏心制动摩擦轮和辅助摩擦轮配合挤压使得受力更加均匀，不会对绳索造成损伤，且偏心制动摩擦轮和辅助摩擦轮的表面均圆润光滑，接触面即时有磨损也非常均匀，相较于传统的凸轮结构摩擦较为分散，出现集中受力的摩擦点的概率较低，下降器的使用寿命得到大幅提升。
图8所示为第一种使用模式中下降器处于下降准备状态时的示意图，从手柄下端顺时针拉动手柄，这时连接手柄的板机会随手柄一同旋转，板机顺时针旋转时会将板机受力构件顶成逆时针旋转，当板机旋转角度高过板机受力构件后板机受机构件复位弹回，形成了下降准备状态。
图9所示为第一种使用模式中下降器处于下降状态时的示意图，在图8下降准备状态下，用手按压手柄下端，使手柄按逆时针方向旋转，连接手柄的板机随手柄一同旋转对板机受力构件形成下压的力，板机受力构件通过旋转轴固定于偏心制动摩擦轮上，受压后会使偏心制动摩擦轮按逆时针向下运动，绳索被偏心制动摩擦轮挤压的力被移除，下降器就转换到了下降工作模式。此时只要在右下角绳索尾端保持较小的握力就可以保持较快的速度从绳索上下降。
板机受力构件与板机工作面有凹凸设计，目的是当手柄下压到板机接触点嵌入到板机受力构件凹处时手柄下压的阻力会增加，让使用者比较容易保持在这个状态。而在板机接触点嵌入到板机受力构件凹处时，如果使用者处于恐慌状态就会紧张性握死手柄，而后板机与板机受力构件会脱离，形成防恐慌保护自锁。防恐慌自锁后如使用者恢复稳定情绪，按图8重新顺时针抬升手柄就可以回到准备下降状态。
实施例2：
图10所示为第二种使用模式中下降器处于下降状态时的示意图，第二种使用模式更加适用于具备良好专业素养的使用者。在采取第二种使用模式时，将绳索的上端与固定锚点或保护站相连，绳索的下端沿所述下降器穿出后形成握持端，偏心制动摩擦轮位于辅助摩擦轮上方， 绳索自偏心制动摩擦轮下缘向上绕设后，再沿辅助摩擦轮的上缘朝下绕设后穿出，绳索与偏心制动摩擦轮及辅助摩擦轮相接触的部分大致呈逆时针旋转45°的“S”型。第二种使用模式可实现单手操作，相较于第一种使用模式，绳索与偏心制动摩擦轮及辅助摩擦轮的接触摩擦部位减少约一半，第二种使用模式下所受摩擦阻力更小，此外，当握持端失去拉力时，下降器会自动翻转回自锁保护状态形成安全防护，故而在绳索末端无保护结亦可自动形成保护，最后，当使用者在恐慌情景下松开绳索时，下降器会自动翻转回自锁保护状态。
具体工作方式为：从下降器出绳端握住绳子，向右下方用力使下降器按顺时针方向翻转。翻转后偏心制动摩擦轮由于顺时针旋转的扭力大大减小，所以会移除对绳索的挤压进入下降状态。此时右手保持一定握力即可快速下降，若右手脱离绳索则下降器翻转回自锁保护模式。
实施例3：
图11所示为一种攀岩保护器，包括柠檬型的安装底板，安装底板上安装可转动的偏心制动摩擦轮，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽，安装底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴，安装底板上设有偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对安装底板发生转动，安装底板上偏心制动摩擦轮外围设置制动面，制动面和偏心制动摩擦轮之间形成制动间隙，安装底板上安装用于调整制动间隙大小从而使攀岩保护器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件。状态切换组件结构与实施例1中的状态切换组件结构一致，所述攀岩保护器可实现防恐慌功能，无法实现实施例2所述的第二种下降模式。安装底板上偏心制动摩擦轮外围设置制动面，制动面和偏心制动摩擦轮之间形成制动间隙，通过偏心制动摩擦轮的偏转调整制动间隙的大小，从而实现自锁和解锁。当扳机的限位凸台嵌入扳机受力构件的限位凹槽时，对手柄保持适当握持力即可以保持下降模式，当使用者因恐慌而握紧手柄时，扳机与扳机受力构件会发生脱离，自动进入自锁保护状态，从而实现防恐慌功能。
实施例4：
图12所示为一种高负荷长距离下降器，包括灯泡状的安装底板，安装底板上安装可转动的偏心制动摩擦轮，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽，安装底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴，安装底板上设有偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对安装底板发生转动，安装底板上偏心制动摩擦轮外围设置制动面，制动面和偏心制动摩擦轮之间形成制动间隙，安装底板上安装用于调整制动间隙大小从而使高负荷长距离下降器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件。状态切换组件结构与实施例1中的状态切换组件结构一致，所述高负荷长距离下降器可实现防恐慌功能，无法实现实施例2所述的第二种 下降模式。安装底板上偏心制动摩擦轮外围设置制动面，制动面和偏心制动摩擦轮之间形成制动间隙，通过偏心制动摩擦轮的偏转调整制动间隙的大小，从而实现自锁和解锁。该下降器的结构更牢固，可应用于救援带人下降，增加工作负荷和单趟工作绳索距离。当扳机的限位凸台嵌入扳机受力构件的限位凹槽时，对手柄保持适当握持力即可以保持下降模式，当使用者因恐慌而握紧手柄时，扳机与扳机受力构件会发生脱离，自动进入自锁保护状态，从而实现防恐慌功能。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，包括下降器底板，其特征在于，下降器底板上安装有辅助摩擦轮和偏心制动摩擦轮，下降器底板上设有第一锁孔，第一锁孔位于偏心制动摩擦轮远离辅助摩擦轮的一侧，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽，下降器底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴，偏心轮限位轴靠近辅助摩擦轮的一侧设有偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对下降器底板发生转动，辅助摩擦轮和偏心制动摩擦轮之间设有用以穿设绳索的制动间隙，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有辅助所述下降器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，状态切换组件包括扳机、扳机受力构件，扳机转动安装在下降器底板上，扳机上连接手柄，扳机一端设有限位凸台；扳机受力构件转动安装在偏心制动摩擦轮上，扳机受力构件一端设有和限位凸台适配的限位凹槽，限位凸台可抵接到限位凹槽中且限位凸台可滑离扳机受力构件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，下降器底板上转动连接有第一转轴，扳机固定套接在第一转轴的周面上，手柄固定套设在第一转轴周面上，手柄位于下降器底板远离扳机的一侧，呈水滴状的扳机位于偏心轮限位轴靠近辅助摩擦轮的一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，扳机受力构件位于偏心轮限位轴远离辅助摩擦轮的一侧，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有第二转轴，扳机受力构件与第二转轴转动相连，扳机受力构件呈腰果形。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，扳机上设有第一复位弹簧，第一复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第一复位弹簧的一端固定在扳机上，第一复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在第一转轴的周面上，第一复位弹簧的另一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，扳机受力构件上设有第二复位弹簧，第二复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第二复位弹簧的一端固定在扳机受力构件上，第二复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在第二转轴的周面上，第二复位弹簧的另一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，限位滑槽呈腰圆形，限位滑槽与水平方向的夹角为α，α在45°到60°之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，偏心制动摩擦轮远离下降器底板的一侧设有第三复位弹簧，第三复位弹簧呈“几”字形，第三复位弹簧的一端与偏心制动摩擦轮相连，第三复位弹簧的弯折段绕设在偏心轮固定旋转轴的周面上，第三复位弹簧的另一端与下降器底板相连。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，辅助摩擦轮远离下降器底板的一侧设有下降器顶板，下降器顶板上设有与第一锁孔共轴布设的第二锁孔，第一锁孔和第二锁孔的轮廓一致，第一锁孔和第二锁孔配合构成用以挂设安全锁具的锁孔，锁孔为倾斜布置的长圆形。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，下降器底板包括第一本体和位于第一本体一端的第一折板，第一折板与第一本体之间的夹角为钝角，下降器顶板包括第二本体和位于第二本体一端的第二折板，第二折板与第二本体之间的夹角为钝角，第一折板远离第一本体的一端与第二折板远离第二本体的一端相抵接，第一锁孔位于第一折板上，第二锁孔位于第二折板上。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器，其特征在于，手柄呈“L”型，手柄包括连接段和握持段，连接段与扳机相连，握持段的长度大于连接段的长度。
  12. 一种攀岩保护器，其特征在于，包括安装底板，安装底板上安装可转动的偏心制动摩擦轮，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽，安装底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴，安装底板上设有偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对安装底板发生转动，安装底板上偏心制动摩擦轮外围设置制动面，制动面和偏心制动摩擦轮之间形成制动间隙，安装底板上安装用于调整制动间隙大小从而使攀岩保护器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的一种攀岩保护器，其特征在于，状态切换组件包括扳机、扳机受力构件，扳机转动安装在安装底板上，扳机上连接手柄，扳机一端设有限位凸台；扳机受力构件转动安装在偏心制动摩擦轮上，扳机受力构件一端设有和限位凸台适配的限位凹槽，限位凸台可抵接到限位凹槽中且限位凸台可滑离扳机受力构件。
  14. 一种高负荷长距离下降器，其特征在于，包括安装底板，安装底板上安装可转动的偏心制动摩擦轮，偏心制动摩擦轮上设有限位滑槽，安装底板上固定有与限位滑槽相配合的偏心轮限位轴，安装底板上设有偏心轮固定旋转轴，偏心制动摩擦轮通过偏心轮固定旋转轴可相对安装底板发生转动，安装底板上偏心制动摩擦轮外围设置制动面，制动面和偏心制动摩擦轮之间形成制动间隙，安装底板上安装用于调整制动间隙大小从而使高负荷长距离下降器从自锁状态切换至下降状态的状态切换组件。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的一种高负荷长距离下降器，其特征在于，状态切换组件包括扳机、扳机受力构件，扳机转动安装在安装底板上，扳机上连接手柄，扳机一端设有限位凸台；扳机受力构件转动安装在偏心制动摩擦轮上，扳机受力构件一端设有和限位凸台适配的限位凹 槽，限位凸台可抵接到限位凹槽中且限位凸台可滑离扳机受力构件。
PCT/CN2021/102293 2020-07-08 2021-06-25 一种多模式偏心轮防恐慌下降器 WO2022007648A1 (zh)

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