WO2022007040A1 - 麦克风 - Google Patents

麦克风 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022007040A1
WO2022007040A1 PCT/CN2020/105082 CN2020105082W WO2022007040A1 WO 2022007040 A1 WO2022007040 A1 WO 2022007040A1 CN 2020105082 W CN2020105082 W CN 2020105082W WO 2022007040 A1 WO2022007040 A1 WO 2022007040A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
connecting member
diaphragm
bottom wall
contact
microphone
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PCT/CN2020/105082
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张金宇
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瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
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Publication of WO2022007040A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022007040A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/02—Microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/04—Microphones

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of sound pickup devices, and in particular, to a microphone.
  • the prior art microphones are a single bone conduction microphone and a single sound conduction microphone.
  • the bone conduction sound pickup solution needs to be supplemented by acoustic microphones, and two sets of microphones need to be placed in the device, which takes up product space and increases costs.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a microphone that integrates bone conduction and acoustic conduction pickup.
  • a microphone the microphone includes a casing, a circuit board that is covered with the casing to form an accommodation space, and a diaphragm and a spring sheet accommodated in the accommodation space, the casing It includes a bottom wall and a surrounding wall extending from the periphery of the bottom wall to a direction away from the bottom wall, the bottom wall is provided with openings for sound waves to pass through, and the diaphragm and the bottom wall are relatively spaced.
  • the spring sheet is used to receive vibration signals and set the vibrating membrane away from the bottom wall side, the spring sheet
  • a second capacitor structure is formed with the vibrating membrane and spaced apart from the vibrating membrane.
  • the microphone further includes a mass block fixed on the spring sheet, and the mass block is fixed on the surface of the spring sheet away from the diaphragm.
  • a first connecting member is provided between the diaphragm and the bottom wall, one end of the first connecting member is in contact with the bottom wall, and the other end of the first connecting member is in contact with the bottom wall.
  • the diaphragm abuts.
  • the first connecting member is an annular structure, including a first support portion, and a first opening opened in the middle of the first connecting member, and two sides of the first connecting member are respectively connected to the The bottom wall is in contact with the diaphragm, and the first opening is used to pass sound waves and provide a movement space for the diaphragm to vibrate.
  • a second connecting member is provided between the diaphragm and the elastic sheet, one end of the second connecting member is in contact with the vibrating film, and the other end of the second connecting member is connected to the diaphragm.
  • the elastic sheet abuts.
  • the second connecting member is an annular structure
  • the second connecting member includes a second supporting portion and a second opening, one end of the second supporting portion is in contact with the vibrating membrane, and the The other end of the second support part is in contact with the elastic piece.
  • the second connecting piece is an annular structure
  • the second connecting piece includes a second supporting portion, and a second opening opened in the middle of the second connecting piece, and the second supporting portion has a second opening.
  • One end is in contact with the vibrating membrane, and the other end of the second connecting member is in contact with the elastic sheet, including that the diameter of the second opening is smaller than the diameter of the first opening.
  • a third connecting member is provided between the elastic sheet and the circuit board, and the third connecting member is used to space the elastic sheet and the circuit board apart.
  • the third connecting member is an annular structure
  • the third connecting member includes a third supporting portion, and a third opening opened in the middle of the third connecting member, the third supporting portion
  • One end of the third support part is in contact with the elastic sheet
  • the other end of the third support part is in contact with the PCB board
  • the diameter of the third opening is smaller than the diameter of the second opening.
  • the beneficial effect of the present application is that: by arranging a casing with an accommodation space, an acoustic pickup structure is arranged on the side of the casing close to the bottom wall, and the acoustic pickup structure includes a vibrating membrane.
  • a first capacitor structure that converts sound waves into audio electrical signals; the bone conduction structure is arranged in the accommodation space of the shell and is spaced from the acoustic pickup structure, and the bone conduction structure is bent inward on the shell to form a crimping part Abutting, abutting the acoustic pickup structure on the bottom to form a microphone integrating the acoustic pickup structure and the bone conduction structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the microphone of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is the sectional view at I-I place in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a partial view at A place in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is the top view of the microphone in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view at II-II in FIG. 4 .
  • the microphone includes an acoustic pickup structure 1 , a bone conduction structure 2 , a circuit board 6 and a casing 3 , the casing 3 and the circuit board 6 are covered to form a receiving space, and the casing 3 includes a bottom wall 31 , and a surrounding wall 32 extending from the periphery of the bottom wall 31 in a direction away from the bottom wall 31, the bottom wall 31 is provided with an opening 311 for passing through the sound wave, so that the sound wave can enter the acoustic pickup structure 1 through the opening 311 , thereby converting sound waves into audio electrical signals.
  • the acoustic pickup structure 1 is disposed on the side of the receiving space close to the bottom wall 31 and is spaced apart from the bottom wall 31; the acoustic pickup structure 1 includes a diaphragm 11, and the bottom wall 31 and the diaphragm 11 are formed to transmit sound waves.
  • the bone conduction structure 2 is disposed in the receiving space and is spaced apart from the acoustic pickup structure 1 , and the bone conduction structure 2 includes an elastic sheet 21 for receiving vibration, and the elastic sheet 21 and the diaphragm 11 form a second capacitance structure.
  • first capacitance structure and second capacitance structure make the first capacitance structure generate a potential difference after the sound wave enters the diaphragm 11 through the opening 311, thereby generating an audio electric signal, and at the same time, the diaphragm 11 and the elastic sheet 21 are formed.
  • the second capacitive structure also undergoes a potential change.
  • a first connecting member 4 is provided between the diaphragm 11 and the bottom wall 31 , one end of the first connecting member 4 abuts the bottom wall 31 , and the other end of the first connecting member 4 abuts the diaphragm 11 .
  • the first connecting member 4 is an annular structure, including a first support portion 41 and a first opening 42 opened in the middle of the first connecting member 4.
  • the two sides of the first connecting member 4 are respectively connected to the bottom wall 31 and The diaphragm 11 is abutted, and the first opening 42 is used to pass sound waves and provide a movement space for the diaphragm 11 to vibrate.
  • a second connecting member 5 is provided between the diaphragm 11 and the elastic sheet 21 , one end of the second connecting member 5 abuts the vibrating film 11 , and the other end of the second connecting member 5 abuts the elastic sheet 21 .
  • the second connecting member 5 is an annular structure
  • the second connecting member 5 includes a second supporting portion 51 and a second opening 52 , one end of the second supporting portion 51 abuts against the diaphragm 11 , and the second supporting portion 51 The other end is in contact with the elastic sheet 21, and the diameter of the second opening 52 is smaller than the diameter of the first opening 42, so that the diaphragm 11 is bent on the diaphragm 11 during the external vibration and the internal vibration.
  • the parts are different, thereby prolonging the service life of the diaphragm 11 to a certain extent.
  • a third connecting member 7 is provided between the elastic sheet 21 and the circuit board 6 , and the third connecting member 7 is used to space the elastic sheet 21 from the circuit board 6 to provide a movement space for the vibration of the elastic sheet 21 .
  • the third connecting member 7 is an annular structure
  • the third connecting member 7 includes a third supporting portion 71, and a third opening 72 opened in the middle of the third connecting member 7, one end of the third supporting portion 71 is connected to the elastic
  • the sheet 21 is in contact
  • the other end of the third support portion 71 is in contact with the circuit board 6
  • the diameter of the third opening 72 is larger than the diameter of the second opening 52 . Therefore, the bending parts of the elastic sheet 21 during the upward movement and the downward movement are different, thereby ensuring the working life of the elastic sheet 21 .
  • the elastic sheet 21 is provided with a plurality of airflow holes 211 .
  • a mass block 22 is further provided in the middle of the elastic sheet 21 , the mass block 22 is fixed on the surface of the spring sheet 21 away from the vibrating film 11 , and the mass block 22 can increase the vibration amount.
  • the sound signal passes through the opening 32 on the casing 3, the diaphragm 11 vibrates under the action of sound pressure, and the displacement between the diaphragm 11 and the casing 3 causes the first capacitance to change, and the induction Sound signal, output audio signal.
  • the microphone can not only receive sound waves and output audio electrical signals, but also sense vibrations and output vibration electrical signals.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种麦克风，所述麦克风包括壳体、与所述壳体盖接形成收容空间的线路板以及收容于所述收容空间中的振膜和弹簧片，所述壳体包括底壁以及自所述底壁的周缘向远离所述底壁的方向延伸形成的围壁，所述底壁设有用于声波通过的开孔，所述振膜与所述底壁相对间隔设置并与所述底壁形成用于将声波转换为音频电信号的第一电容结构；所述弹簧片用于接收振动信号并设置所述振膜远离所述底壁的一侧，所述弹簧片与所述振膜相对间隔设置并与所述振膜形成第二电容结构，所述麦克风可接收声波也可感受振动。

Description

麦克风 技术领域
本申请涉及拾音设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种麦克风。
 背景技术
现有技术的麦克风为单一的骨传导麦克风和单一的声音传导麦克风。而多数场合下，骨传导拾音方案都需要声学麦克风进行补充，设备内需要放置两套麦克风，占用产品空间且增加成本。
 技术问题
因此，有必要提供一种新型结构的骨传导和声学传导麦克风来解决上述问题。
 技术解决方案
本申请的目的在于提供一种集成骨传导和声学传导拾音方式的麦克风。
本申请的技术方案如下：一种麦克风，所述麦克风包括壳体、与所述壳体盖接形成收容空间的线路板以及收容于所述收容空间中的振膜和弹簧片，所述壳体包括底壁以及自所述底壁的周缘向远离所述底壁的方向延伸形成的围壁，所述底壁设有用于声波通过的开孔，所述振膜与所述底壁相对间隔设置并与所述底壁形成用于将声波转换为音频电信号的第一电容结构；所述弹簧片用于接收振动信号并设置所述振膜远离所述底壁的一侧，所述弹簧片与所述振膜相对间隔设置并与所述振膜形成第二电容结构。
作为一种改进，所述麦克风还包括固定在所述弹簧片的质量块，所述质量块固定在弹簧片的远离所述振膜的表面。
作为一种改进，所述振膜与所述底壁之间设有第一连接件，所述第一连接件的一端与所述底壁抵接，所述第一连接件的另一端与所述振膜抵接。
作为一种改进，所述第一连接件为环形结构，包括第一支撑部，以及在所述第一连接件的中部开设的第一开孔，所述第一连接件的两侧分别与所述底壁和所述振膜抵接，所述第一开孔用于通过声波和为所述振膜振动提供运动空间。
作为一种改进，所述振膜与所述弹性片之间设有第二连接件，所述第二连接件的一端与所述振膜抵接，所述第二连接件的另一端与所述弹性片抵接。
作为一种改进，所述第二连接件为环形结构，所述第二连接件包括第二支撑部和第二开孔，所述第二支撑部的一端与所述振膜抵接，所述第二支撑部的另一端与所述弹性片抵接。
作为一种改进，所述第二连接件为环形结构，所述第二连接件包括第二支撑部，以及在所述第二连接件中部开设的第二开孔，所述第二支撑部的一端与所述振膜抵接，所述第二连接件的另一端与所述弹性片抵接，包括，所述第二开孔的直径小于所述第一开孔的直径。
作为一种改进，所述弹性片与所述线路板之间设有第三连接件，所述第三连接件用于将所述弹性片和所述线路板间隔开。
作为一种改进，所述第三连接件为环形结构，所述第三连接件包括第三支撑部，以及在所述第三连接件的中部开设的第三开孔，所述第三支撑部的一端与所述弹性片抵接，所述第三支撑部的另一端与所述PCB板抵接，且所述第三开孔的直径小于所述第二开孔的直径。
 有益效果
本申请的有益效果在于：通过设置具有收容空间的壳体，在壳体内靠近底壁的一侧设置声学拾音结构，声学拾音结构包括振膜，振膜与底壁之间形成的用于将声波转换为音频电信号的第一电容结构；将骨传导结构设置在壳体的收容空间内并与声学拾音结构间隔设置，骨传导结构与壳体上向内弯折形成的压接部抵接，将声学拾音结构抵接在底部上，形成一种集成声学拾音结构和骨传导结构的麦克风。
 附图说明
图1为本申请麦克风一种实施方式的立体图；
图2为图1中I-I处的剖视图；
图3为图2中A处的局部视图；
图4为图1中麦克风的俯视图；
图5为图4中II-II处的剖视图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本申请作进一步说明。
参考图1至图5，麦克风包括声学拾音结构1、骨传导结构2、线路板6和壳体3，所述壳体3和线路板6盖接形成收容空间，壳体3包括底壁31，以及在底壁31的周缘向远离底壁31的方向延伸形成的围壁32，底壁31上设有用于穿过声波的开孔311，使得声波能够通过开孔311进入声学拾音结构1，从而将声波转换为音频电信号。具体地，声学拾音结构1设置在收容空间内靠近底壁31的一侧并与底壁31间隔设置；声学拾音结构1包括振膜11，底壁31与振膜11形成用于将声波转换为音频电信号的第一电容结构。骨传导结构2设置在收容空间内与声学拾音结构1间隔设置，骨传导结构2包括接收振动的弹性片21，所述弹性片21与振膜11形成第二电容结构。壳体3远离底壁31的一端向内弯折形成压接部33，线路板6与所述压接部33抵接。上述第一电容结构和第二电容结构，在声波通过开孔311进入振膜11后使得第一电容结构产生电位差，从而产生音频电信号，与此同时振膜11与弹性片21之间形成的第二电容结构也发生电位变化。
优选地，振膜11与底壁31之间设有第一连接件4，第一连接件4的一端与底壁31抵接，第一连接件4的另一端与振膜11抵接。
优选地，第一连接件4为环形结构，包括第一支撑部41，以及在第一连接件4的中部开设的第一开孔42，第一连接件4的两侧分别与底壁31和振膜11抵接，第一开孔42用于通过声波和为振膜11振动提供运动空间。
优选地，振膜11与弹性片21之间设有第二连接件5，第二连接件5的一端与振膜11抵接，第二连接件5的另一端与弹性片21抵接。
优选地，第二连接件5为环形结构，第二连接件5包括第二支撑部51和第二开孔52，第二支撑部51的一端与振膜11抵接，第二支撑部51的另一端与弹性片21抵接，还包括第二开孔52的直径小于第一开孔42的直径，从而使得振膜11在向外部振动和向内部振动过程中在振膜11上产生弯折的部位不同，进而在一定程度上延长振膜11的使用寿命。
优选地，弹性片21与线路板6之间设有第三连接件7，第三连接件7用于将弹性片21和线路板6间隔开，为弹性片21的振动提供运动空间。
优选地，第三连接件7为环形结构，第三连接件7包括第三支撑部71，以及在第三连接件7的中部开设的第三开孔72，第三支撑部71的一端与弹性片21抵接，第三支撑部71的另一端与线路板6抵接，且第三开孔72的直径大于第二开孔52的直径。从而使得弹性片21在向上运动和向下运动的过程中弯折的部位不同，进而保障弹性片21的工作寿命。
优选地，弹性片21开设有多个气流孔211。优选地，在弹性片21的中部还设有质量块22，质量块22固定在弹簧片21的远离所述振膜11的表面，所述质量块22可以增加振动量。
在一个具体的应用过程中，在同一器件内实现声学拾音和骨传导拾音方式，相对于单一器件，仅在高度方向上增加不超过0.1mm。
本申请的工作模式如下：
1.声学拾音，声音信号穿过壳体3上的开孔32，振膜11在声压的作用下振动，振膜11和壳体3之间发生位移，使得第一电容发生变化，感应声音信号，输出音频电信号。
2.骨传导拾音，振膜11在振动过程中，振膜11与弹簧片21之间的位移发生变化，使得第二电容发生变化，输出反向音频电信号，另外，所述麦克风还设有加法器（未图示），将第一电容结构输出的音频电信号与第二电容结构输出的反向音频电信号通过加法器处理后，可消除反向音频电信号，使得麦克风只输出第一电容结构的音频电信号；另外，弹簧片21感受麦克风的振动，由于质量块的惯性作用，带动弹性片21运动，进而通过弹性片21驱动整个麦克风振动。
因此，所述麦克风既可接收声波输出音频电信号，又可感受振动输出振动电信号。
以上所述的仅是本申请的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种麦克风，其特征在于，
    所述麦克风包括壳体、与所述壳体盖接形成收容空间的线路板以及收容于所述收容空间中的振膜和弹簧片，所述壳体包括底壁以及自所述底壁的周缘向远离所述底壁的方向延伸形成的围壁，所述底壁设有用于声波通过的开孔，所述振膜与所述底壁相对间隔设置并与所述底壁形成用于将声波转换为音频电信号的第一电容结构；所述弹簧片用于接收振动信号并设置所述振膜远离所述底壁的一侧，所述弹簧片与所述振膜相对间隔设置并与所述振膜形成第二电容结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其特征在于，所述麦克风还包括固定在所述弹簧片的质量块，所述质量块固定在弹簧片的远离所述振膜的表面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其特征在于，所述振膜与所述底壁之间设有第一连接件，所述第一连接件的一端与所述底壁抵接，所述第一连接件的另一端与所述振膜抵接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的麦克风，其特征在于，所述第一连接件为环形结构，包括第一支撑部，以及在所述第一连接件的中部开设的第一开孔，所述第一连接件的两侧分别与所述底壁和所述振膜抵接，所述第一开孔用于通过声波和为所述振膜振动提供运动空间。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的麦克风，其特征在于，所述振膜与所述弹性片之间设有第二连接件，所述第二连接件的一端与所述振膜抵接，所述第二连接件的另一端与所述弹性片抵接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的麦克风，其特征在于，所述第二连接件为环形结构，所述第二连接件包括第二支撑部和第二开孔，所述第二支撑部的一端与所述振膜抵接，所述第二支撑部的另一端与所述弹性片抵接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的麦克风，其特征在于，所述第二连接件为环形结构，所述第二连接件包括第二支撑部，以及在所述第二连接件中部开设的第二开孔，所述第二支撑部的一端与所述振膜抵接，所述第二连接件的另一端与所述弹性片抵接，包括，
    所述第二开孔的直径小于所述第一开孔的直径。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其特征在于，所述壳体远离所述底壁的一端向内弯折形成压接收，所述线路板与所述压接部抵持。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其特征在于，所述弹性片与所述线路板之间设有第三连接件，所述第三连接件用于将所述弹性片和所述PCB板间隔开。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的麦克风，其特征在于，所述第三连接件为环形结构，所述第三连接件包括第三支撑部，以及在所述第三连接件的中部开设的第三开孔，所述第三支撑部的一端与所述弹性片抵接，所述第三支撑部的另一端与所述PCB板抵接，且所述第三开孔的直径小于所述第二开孔的直径。
PCT/CN2020/105082 2020-07-10 2020-07-28 麦克风 WO2022007040A1 (zh)

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