WO2022006730A1 - 光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备 - Google Patents

光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022006730A1
WO2022006730A1 PCT/CN2020/100551 CN2020100551W WO2022006730A1 WO 2022006730 A1 WO2022006730 A1 WO 2022006730A1 CN 2020100551 W CN2020100551 W CN 2020100551W WO 2022006730 A1 WO2022006730 A1 WO 2022006730A1
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Prior art keywords
grating
optical waveguide
light
waveguide layer
incident light
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PCT/CN2020/100551
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁毅
魏一振
张卓鹏
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杭州光粒科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/100551 priority Critical patent/WO2022006730A1/zh
Publication of WO2022006730A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022006730A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of augmented reality display, and more particularly, to an optical waveguide device, a display system and an augmented reality display device.
  • Augmented Reality (AR) technology has been widely used in simulation training, video games, video games, and video games because it can display virtual image information and integrate the real background environment to realize the combined display of virtual and reality.
  • Existing augmented reality display devices usually use optical waveguide devices to achieve penetrating optical display.
  • the existing optical waveguide devices all use a fixed light transmission mode for light transmission, that is, the light can only be transmitted in the optical waveguide device. Propagating in one direction, which greatly limits the design freedom and application range of optical waveguide devices and augmented reality display devices.
  • the present invention provides an optical waveguide device, a display system and an augmented reality display device, so as to improve the degree of freedom in the design of the optical waveguide device.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • An optical waveguide device comprising:
  • the optical waveguide layer includes at least two optical elements disposed on the surface of the optical waveguide layer;
  • part of the light is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer, and part of the light propagates in the optical waveguide layer along at least two different propagation directions.
  • the optical waveguide layer includes a first grating region, the first grating region includes at least one grating unit, and the grating unit includes the at least two optical elements disposed on the surface of the optical waveguide layer, so The optical element is a grating, and the grating vectors of at least two gratings are different;
  • the first grating region after the incident light is diffracted, reflected or transmitted by the at least two gratings, part of the light is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer, and part of the light travels in the optical waveguide along at least two different propagation directions. Spread within layers.
  • the projections of the at least two gratings at least partially overlap.
  • the grating unit includes at least one first grating and at least one second grating, the grating vectors of the first grating and the second grating are different, and on the plane where the optical waveguide layer is located, the The projection of the first grating at least partially overlaps the projection of the second grating;
  • the first grating region after the incident light is diffracted, reflected or transmitted by the first grating, part of the light is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer, and part of the light travels in the optical waveguide along the current propagation direction of the incident light. Propagation within the layer; after the incident light is diffracted, reflected or transmitted by the second grating, part of the light propagates in the optical waveguide layer along the first propagation direction, and part of the light propagates in the optical waveguide layer along the current propagation direction of the incident light Propagating within the waveguide layer, the first propagation direction is different from the current propagation direction of the incident light.
  • the diffracted light is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer, and after the incident light is reflected or transmitted by the first grating, the reflected light or The transmitted light propagates in the optical waveguide layer along the current propagation direction of the incident light; after the incident light is diffracted by the second grating, the diffracted light propagates in the optical waveguide layer along the first propagation direction, and the incident light passes through the optical waveguide layer.
  • the second grating is reflected or transmitted, the reflected light or the transmitted light propagates in the optical waveguide layer along the current propagation direction of the incident light, and the first propagation direction is different from the current propagation direction of the incident light.
  • the grating unit includes at least one first grating and a plurality of second gratings.
  • the second grating region includes a third grating located on the surface of the optical waveguide layer, and the grating vector of the third grating is the same as the grating vector of the first grating, or the grating vector of the third grating is the same as the grating vector of the first grating.
  • the grating vector of the first grating is mirror-symmetrical along the plane where the optical waveguide layer is located;
  • the third grating is used for coupling incident light incident from the outside into the optical waveguide layer, so that the incident light enters the first grating region after being propagated in the optical waveguide layer, and is incident on the optical waveguide layer. on at least two gratings.
  • the third grating and the grating unit are located on the same side surface of the optical waveguide layer.
  • the third grating and the grating unit are respectively located on opposite side surfaces of the optical waveguide layer.
  • the projection of the first grating does not overlap with the projection of the second grating, so that incident light incident from the outside is coupled through the first grating in the non-overlapping portion. into the optical waveguide layer, so that the incident light propagates in the optical waveguide layer and then enters the first grating region and is incident on the at least two gratings.
  • the grating unit further includes at least one fourth grating, and the grating vector of the fourth grating is different from the grating vector of the first grating and the second grating, and is located where the optical waveguide layer is located.
  • the projection of the fourth grating at least partially overlaps the projection of the first grating and the projection of the second grating;
  • the diffracted light propagates in the optical waveguide layer along the second propagation direction
  • the incident light is reflected or transmitted by the fourth grating
  • the reflected light or the transmitted light propagates within the optical waveguide layer along the current propagation direction of the incident light, the second propagation direction being different from the current propagation direction of the incident light, the second propagation direction being different from the first propagation direction In the opposite direction.
  • the grating unit includes at least one first grating, a plurality of second gratings and a plurality of fourth gratings.
  • the first grating region includes one grating unit, and the grating unit covers the entire first grating region.
  • the first grating region includes multiple grating units, and the multiple grating units are arranged in an array in the first grating region.
  • the grating is a grating structure with a periodically changing refractive index formed by using a photosensitive material, or the grating is a surface relief grating structure.
  • a display system comprising the optical waveguide device of any one of the above.
  • it also includes an image projection device
  • the image projection device is used for providing incident light for displaying an image to the optical waveguide device.
  • An augmented reality display device includes the display system as described above.
  • the optical waveguide device includes at least two optical elements stacked on the surface of the optical waveguide layer. Since the incident light passes through the at least two optical elements, Part of the light is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer, and part of the light propagates in the optical waveguide layer along at least two different propagation directions. Therefore, the light transmission mode of the optical waveguide device in the present invention is no longer single, and can be based on It is actually necessary to freely design the transmission direction of the light in the optical waveguide device and the coupling-out position of the light, thereby expanding the application scope of the optical waveguide device, the display system and the augmented reality display device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in Fig. 2 along cutting line AA';
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in Fig. 2 along cutting line BB';
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a grating vector K1 of the first grating 201 and a grating vector K2 of the second grating 202 provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in Fig. 6 along cutting line AA';
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in Fig. 8 along the cutting line AA';
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a grating vector K1 of the first grating 201 and a grating vector K4 of the second grating 202 provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in Fig. 14 along the cutting line AA';
  • 16 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in Fig. 18 along the cutting line AA';
  • 20 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 21 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in Fig. 23 along the cutting line AA';
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 26 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in Fig. 27 along the cutting line AA';
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic structural diagram of a display system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic structural diagram of an augmented reality display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical waveguide device, the optical waveguide device includes an optical waveguide layer, and the optical waveguide layer includes at least two optical elements disposed on the surface of the optical waveguide layer, on a plane where the optical waveguide layer is located , and after the incident light passes through the at least two optical elements, part of the light is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer, and part of the light propagates in the optical waveguide layer along at least two different propagation directions.
  • the light transmission mode of the optical waveguide device in the present invention is no longer single, and the transmission direction of the light in the optical waveguide device and the coupling-out position of the light can be freely designed according to actual needs, thereby expanding the optical waveguide device and display system. and the range of applications of augmented reality display devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical waveguide device includes an optical waveguide layer 1, and the optical waveguide layer 1 includes a first grating region 2.
  • the first grating region 2 includes at least one grating unit 20, and the grating unit 20 includes at least two gratings 200 disposed on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 1.
  • the grating vectors of at least two gratings 200 are different.
  • part of the light Rout is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1, and part of the light travels in the optical waveguide layer 1 along at least two different propagation directions. Propagation, for example, the light R1 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along one propagation direction, and the light R2 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the other propagation direction.
  • the projections of at least two gratings 200 at least partially overlap.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the projections of at least two gratings 200 may not overlap at all.
  • at least two gratings 200 are disposed adjacent to the surface of the optical waveguide layer 1 and incident
  • the light spot of the light R0 covers at least two gratings 200, that is, the incident light R0 can be irradiated on each grating 200, so that each grating 200 can diffract, reflect or transmit the incident light R0, so that part of the light Rout is transmitted from the optical waveguide.
  • the layer 1 is coupled out, and part of the light propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along at least two different propagation directions.
  • the grating 200 in the embodiment of the present invention may be a reflective diffraction grating or a transmissive diffraction grating.
  • the reflective grating mainly performs reflective diffraction on the incident light R0, that is, the incident light and the diffracted light are located at the same location as the grating. side.
  • the transmissive grating mainly performs transmissive diffraction on the incident light R0, that is, the incident light and the diffracted light are located on opposite sides of the grating.
  • only the grating 200 is a reflective diffraction grating for illustration, and it is not limited to this.
  • the transmitted light after passing through the grating in the embodiment of the present invention is the transmission level 0 of the grating; the reflected light after passing through the grating is the reflection level 0 of the grating; the diffracted light after passing through the grating is
  • the highest order of diffraction efficiency of this grating is usually +1 or -1 order, among which reflection grating is reflective +1 order or -1 order, and transmissive grating is transmission +1 order or -1 order.
  • the grating vectors of the at least two gratings 200 are different, the outgoing directions of the diffracted light, the reflected light or the transmitted light of the at least two gratings 200 are different.
  • the grating vectors of the two gratings 200 are designed so that after the incident light R0 is diffracted, reflected or transmitted by the at least two gratings 200, part of the light is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1 to display the image, and part of the light along at least two different directions.
  • the direction of propagation propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 .
  • the light propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1 can be coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1 after being diffracted, reflected or transmitted by the at least two gratings 200 again, and the light rays in different propagation directions can be emitted from different positions of the optical waveguide layer 1, therefore, , the area where the light is coupled out of the optical waveguide layer 1 is enlarged, so that the optical waveguide device has a two-dimensional pupil dilation function.
  • the grating unit 20 includes at least one first grating 201 and at least one second grating 202 , as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of an optical waveguide device provided by an embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of the structure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in FIG. 2 along the cutting line AA'
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in FIG. 2 along the cutting line BB'
  • the grating unit 20 includes a A first grating 201 and a second grating 202 .
  • the raster vector K1 of the first raster 201 and the raster vector K2 of the second raster 202 are different.
  • the first grating region 2 after the incident light R0 is diffracted, reflected or transmitted by the first grating 201, part of the light is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1, and part of the light is transmitted in the light along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the first propagation direction Y is different from the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the grating vector K1 of the first grating 201 and the grating vector K2 of the second grating 202 provided by an embodiment of the present invention, which satisfy the two Bragg rays of the grating vector K1 .
  • one of the Bragg rays or their total reflection rays satisfies one of the two Bragg rays of the grating vector K2, or the cross product of the grating vector K1 and the surface normal vector of the optical waveguide layer 1 and the grating vector K2 and the optical waveguide layer 1 surface method
  • the cross product of the vector is equal. That is, one of the diffracted light and reflected light of the first grating 201 and one of the diffracted light and reflected light of the second grating 202 travel in the same direction to form a grid-like two-dimensional pupil dilation structure.
  • the propagation direction of the reflected light of the first grating 201 is the same as the propagation direction of the reflected light of the second grating 202 .
  • the incident light R0 is diffracted by the first grating 201 and then coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1, reflected or transmitted by the first grating 201, and then travels in the optical waveguide along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the diffracted light Rout of the first grating 201 is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1 to display the image, and the reflected light R1 of the first grating 201 is in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0. spread.
  • the incident light R0 is diffracted by the second grating 202 and propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the first propagation direction Y, and after being reflected or transmitted by the second grating 202, it propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0,
  • the first propagation direction Y is different from the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0. That is, the diffracted light R2 of the second grating 202 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the first propagation direction Y, and the reflected light R3 of the second grating 202 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the reflected light R3 of the second grating 202 and the reflected light R1 of the first grating 201 propagate along the same propagation direction X.
  • grating vector K1 and K2 are symmetrical about the origin, or about the plane where the x- and y-axes lie.
  • the projection of the first grating 201 and the projection of the second grating 202 at least partially overlap, so that the incident light R0 can be diffracted, reflected or transmitted by the first grating 201, It can in turn be diffracted, reflected or transmitted by the second grating 202 .
  • the diffraction, reflection or transmission of the first grating 201 may occur simultaneously with the diffraction, reflection or transmission of the second grating 202, or may occur sequentially, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the light propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1 will be totally reflected by the optical waveguide layer 1 and propagate along the current propagation direction.
  • the light is the incident light R0
  • the grating unit 20 namely the first grating 201 and the second grating 202 will diffract, reflect or transmit the incident light R0 again, that is, the diffracted light of the first grating 201 is formed again.
  • Rout and the reflected light R1, the diffracted light R2 and the reflected light R3 of the second grating 202 form a grid-like two-dimensional optical path, which not only increases the transmission direction of the light in the optical waveguide device, but also increases the light in the optical waveguide device.
  • the coupling-out position of the optical waveguide device enables the optical waveguide device to have a two-dimensional pupil dilation function, and also expands the application range of the optical waveguide device.
  • the angle between the diffracted light Rout and the normal of the optical waveguide layer 1 and the angle between the incident light R0 and the normal of the optical waveguide layer 1 are The angles are the same, and the exit angle of the diffracted light Rout is not affected by the wavelength.
  • the included angle between the plane where R1 and R2 are located and the x-axis may be any obtuse angle, which is determined by the grating vectors K1 and K2.
  • the projection of the first grating 201 and the projection of the second grating 202 may completely overlap. Based on this, the incident light incident from the outside is such as the incident light R0 provided by the image projection device. It can be directly diffracted, reflected or transmitted by the first grating 201 and the second grating 202 and then coupled into the optical waveguide layer 1 for propagation.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the projection of the first grating 201 and the projection of the second grating 202 may not partially overlap. Based on this, as shown in FIG. 6 and As shown in FIG. 7 , FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in FIG. 6 along the cutting line AA′.
  • the first grating 201 couples the incident light R0 incident from the outside into the optical waveguide layer 1 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic top-view structure of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
  • the cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown along the cutting line AA′ is shown, and the optical waveguide layer 1 further includes a second grating region 3 .
  • the second grating area 3 includes a third grating 30 located on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 1 .
  • the third grating 30 is used to couple the incident light R0 incident from the outside into the optical waveguide layer 1 , so that the incident light R0 is in the optical waveguide layer 1 .
  • the first grating region 2 After propagating, it enters the first grating region 2 and is incident on at least two gratings. Wherein, from which surface of the optical waveguide layer 1 Rout exits is determined by the grating vector K3 of the third grating 30 or the first grating K1.
  • the grating vector K3 of the third grating 30 is the same as the grating vector K1 of the first grating 201 , or, the grating vector K3 of the third grating 30 and the grating vector K1 of the first grating 201 are located along the optical waveguide layer 1 . Plane mirror symmetry to correct for grating dispersion.
  • the light propagating along the first propagation direction Y is the light propagating downward, that is, the light propagating in the direction of y ⁇ 0.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic top view structure of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a top view structure schematic diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is the present invention
  • the light propagating along the first propagation direction Y may also be the upward propagating light, that is, the light propagating in the direction of y>0.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a raster vector K1 of the first raster 201 and a raster vector K4 of the second raster 202 provided by another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the raster vector K4 and the raster vector K2 are along the X-axis symmetry.
  • the third grating 30 and the grating unit 20 in the embodiment of the present invention are located on the same side surface of the optical waveguide layer 1 , or, the third grating 30 and the grating unit 20 are located on the opposite side surfaces of the optical waveguide layer 1 respectively , which is not limited in the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 15 is a cutting along the cutting direction of the optical waveguide device shown in FIG. 14
  • a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of line AA' FIG. 16 is a schematic top-view structure diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 17 is a top-view structure schematic diagram of the optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the grating unit 20 further Including at least one fourth grating 203, the grating vector K5 of the fourth grating 203 is different from the grating vector K1 of the first grating 201 and the grating vector K2 of the second grating 202, and on the plane where the optical waveguide layer 1 is located, the fourth grating
  • the projection of 203 at least partially overlaps the projection of the first grating 201 and the projection of the second grating 202 .
  • the incident light R0 is diffracted by the fourth grating 203 and then propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the second propagation direction, and is reflected or transmitted by the fourth grating 203 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • Propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1, the second propagation direction is different from the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0, and the second propagation direction is opposite to the first propagation direction Y.
  • the projection of the fourth grating 203 partially overlaps the projection of the first grating 201 and the projection of the second grating 202 .
  • the incident light R0 passes through the first grating 201
  • the diffracted light Rout is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1
  • the reflected light or transmitted light R1 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0
  • the diffracted light R2 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the first propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y>0.
  • the reflected light or The transmitted light R3 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the diffracted light R4 propagates in the optical waveguide layer along the second propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y ⁇ 0. 1
  • the reflected light or transmitted light R5 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the diffracted light Rout is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1, and after the incident light R0 is reflected or transmitted by the first grating 201, the reflected light or transmitted light R1 follows the incident light The current propagation direction X of the light R0 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1.
  • the diffracted light R2 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the first propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y>0.
  • the reflected or transmitted light R3 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0 .
  • the diffracted light Rout is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1, and after the incident light R0 is reflected or transmitted by the first grating 201, the reflected light or transmitted light R1 follows the incident light The current propagation direction X of the light R0 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1.
  • the diffracted light R4 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the second propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y ⁇ 0.
  • the reflected or transmitted light R5 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0 .
  • the fourth grating 203 may be formed directly on the second grating 202, or the optical waveguide device shown in FIG. 8 and the optical waveguide device shown in FIG. 10 may be stacked to form The propagation mode shown in Figure 14.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in FIG.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic top view structure of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 21 is a top view structure schematic diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • the fourth grating The projection of 203 completely overlaps the projection of the first grating 201 and the projection of the second grating 202 .
  • the diffracted light Rout is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1, and after the incident light R0 is reflected or transmitted by the first grating 201, the reflected light or transmitted light R1 follows the incident light.
  • the current propagation direction X of the light R0 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1.
  • the diffracted light R2 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the first propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y>0.
  • the reflected light or transmitted light R3 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the diffracted light R4 travels along The second propagation direction propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the direction of Y ⁇ 0.
  • the reflected or transmitted light R5 travels in the optical waveguide along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the first grating region 2 includes one grating unit 20, and the grating unit 20 covers the entire first grating region 2.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • 22 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first grating region 2 may further include a plurality of grating units 20, and the plurality of grating units 20 are arranged in an array in the first grating region 2 .
  • the grating unit 20 includes a first grating 201 and a second grating 202 as an example for description, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the grating The unit 20 may also include at least one first grating 201 and a plurality of second gratings 202, so that each node transmits more light to the next node, so that the light can be diffused from the first few nodes to the next-level nodes, thereby It makes the energy of the light coupled out from each node on the grid more uniform.
  • the plural in this application refers to two or more.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic top view structure of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 24 23 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device along the cutting line AA'
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic top-view structure diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 26 is an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the light or transmitted light R1 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the diffracted light R2 is along the first propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y>0.
  • the reflected light or transmitted light R3 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0, and the incident light R0 passes through another After diffracted by the second grating 202, the diffracted light R2' propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the first propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y>0.
  • the incident light R0 is reflected or transmitted by another second grating 202, the reflected light or transmitted The light R3' propagates within the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the grating unit 20 may further include a first grating 201, a plurality of second gratings 202 and a plurality of fourth gratings 203, so that the energy of the light coupled out from each node on the grid is more efficient evenly.
  • FIG. 27 is an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • 28 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical waveguide device shown in FIG. 27 along the cutting line AA'
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic top-view structure diagram of an optical waveguide device provided by another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 30 is the present invention.
  • Another embodiment provides a schematic top-view structure of an optical waveguide device.
  • the diffracted light Rout is coupled out from the optical waveguide layer 1, and the incident light R0 passes through the first grating.
  • the reflected light or transmitted light R1 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the diffracted light R2 follows the first propagation direction, namely, Propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the direction of Y>0
  • the reflected light or transmitted light R3 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0
  • the diffracted light R2' propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the first propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y>0
  • the incident light R0 is reflected by another second grating 202 or
  • the reflected or transmitted light R3 ′ propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0 .
  • the diffracted light R4 propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the second propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y ⁇ 0.
  • the reflection The light or transmitted light R5 propagates within the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0.
  • the diffracted light R4' propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the second propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y ⁇ 0, and the incident light R0 is reflected or transmitted by the third grating 203.
  • the reflected light or transmitted light R5 ′ propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0 .
  • the diffracted light R4 ′′ propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the second propagation direction, that is, along the direction of Y ⁇ 0, and the incident light R0 is reflected or transmitted by the third grating 203 .
  • the reflected light or transmitted light R5 ′′ propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 along the current propagation direction X of the incident light R0 .
  • all the gratings are grating structures with periodically changing refractive index formed by using photosensitive materials. That is to say, all gratings are formed after exposure and development using photosensitive materials such as photoresist, and different exposure amounts can be used to form regions with different refractive indices. Diffraction gratings required in embodiments of the invention. Based on this, the design and manufacturing period of the grating can be shortened, and the cost of the optical waveguide device can be greatly reduced.
  • a plurality of gratings can be stacked on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 1, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the grating is integrated, it is disposed on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 1 , that is, the grating in the embodiment of the present invention may also be a structure such as a surface relief grating.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic structural diagram of a display system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the display system includes the optical waveguide device provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the display system further includes an image projection device 4, and the image projection device 4 is used for providing incident light for displaying an image to the optical waveguide device.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an augmented reality display device, as shown in FIG. 32 , which is a schematic structural diagram of an augmented reality display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the augmented reality display device 5 includes but is not limited to AR glasses, etc., the augmented reality display device 5 includes the display system provided in the above embodiment.

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Abstract

一种光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备，光波导器件包括设置在光波导层(1)表面的至少两个光学元件，由于入射光(R0)经至少两个光学元件后，部分光(Rout)从光波导层(1)耦合出射，部分光(R1,R2)沿至少两个不同的传播方向在光波导层(1)内传播，使得光波导器件的光线传输模式不再单一，可以根据实际需要自由设计光波导器件内光线的传输方向以及光线的耦出位置，进而扩大了光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备的应用范围。

Description

光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备 技术领域
本发明涉及增强现实显示技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备。
背景技术
增强现实显示技术(Augmented Reality，简称AR)，因其能够在显示虚拟图像信息的同时，融合真实的背景环境，实现虚拟与现实的结合显示，因此，已经广泛应用在模拟训练、电子游戏、显微技术以及外科手术等诸多领域。
现有的增强现实显示设备通常采用光波导器件实现穿透式的光学显示，但是，由于现有的光波导器件都是采用固定的光线传输模式进行光线传输，即光线在光波导器件内只能沿一个方向传播，从而极大地限制了光波导器件和增强现实显示设备设计的自由度以及应用范围。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备，以提高光波导器件设计的自由度。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种光波导器件，包括：
光波导层；
所述光波导层包括设置在所述光波导层表面的至少两个光学元件；
入射光经所述至少两个光学元件后，部分光从所述光波导层耦合出射，部分光沿至少两个不同的传播方向在所述光波导层内传播。
可选地，所述光波导层包括第一光栅区，所述第一光栅区包括至少一个光栅单元，所述光栅单元包括所述设置在所述光波导层表面的至少两个光学元件，所述光学元件为光栅，至少两个光栅的光栅矢量不同；
所述第一光栅区中，入射光经所述至少两个光栅衍射、反射或透射后，部分光从所述光波导层耦合出射，部分光沿至少两个不同的传播方向在所述光波导层内传播。
可选地，在所述光波导层所在平面上，所述至少两个光栅的投影至少部分重叠。
可选地，所述光栅单元包括至少一个第一光栅和至少一个第二光栅，所述第一光栅和所述第二光栅的光栅矢量不同，且在所述光波导层所在平面上，所述第一光栅的投影与所述第二光栅的投影至少部分重叠；
所述第一光栅区中，入射光经所述第一光栅衍射、反射或透射后，部分光从所述光波导层耦合出射、部分光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播；入射光经所述第二光栅衍射、反射或透射后，部分光沿第一传播方向在所述光波导层内传播、部分光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，所述第一传播方向与所述入射光的当前传播方向不同。
可选地，所述第一光栅区中，入射光经所述第一光栅衍射后，衍射光从所述光波导层耦合出射，入射光经所述第一光栅反射或透射后，反射光或透射光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播；入射光经所述第二光栅衍射后，衍射光沿第一传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，入射光经所述第二光栅反射或透射后，反射光或透射光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，所述第一传播方向与所述入射光的当前传播方向不同。
可选地，所述光栅单元包括至少一个第一光栅和多个第二光栅。
可选地，还包括第二光栅区；
所述第二光栅区包括位于所述光波导层表面的第三光栅，所述第三光栅的光栅矢量与所述第一光栅的光栅矢量相同，或者，所述第三光栅的光栅矢量与所述第一光栅的光栅矢量沿所述光波导层所在平面镜像对称；
所述第三光栅用于将外界入射的入射光耦合至所述光波导层内，以使所述入射光在所述光波导层内传播后进入所述第一光栅区，并入射到所述至少两个光栅上。
可选地，所述第三光栅和所述光栅单元位于所述光波导层的同一侧表面。
可选地，所述第三光栅和所述光栅单元分别位于所述光波导层相对的两侧表面。
可选地，在所述光波导层所在的平面上，所述第一光栅的投影与所述第二光栅的投影部分不重叠，以通过不重叠部分的第一光栅将外界入射的入射光耦合至所述光波导层内，使所述入射光在所述光波导层内传播后进入所述第一光栅区，并入射到所述至少两个光栅上。
可选地，所述光栅单元还包括至少一个第四光栅，所述第四光栅的光栅矢量与所述第一光栅和所述第二光栅的光栅矢量均不同，且在所述光波导层所在平面上，所述第四光栅的投影与所述第一光栅的投影和所述第二光栅的投影至少部分重叠；
所述第一光栅区中，入射光经所述第四光栅衍射后，衍射光沿第二传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，入射光经所述第四光栅反射或透射后，反射光或透射光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，所述第二传播方向与所述入射光的当前传播方向不同，所述第二传播方向与所述第一传播方向相反。
可选地，所述光栅单元包括至少一个第一光栅、多个第二光栅和多个第四光栅。
可选地，所述第一光栅区包括一个光栅单元，且所述光栅单元覆盖整个所述第一光栅区。
可选地，所述第一光栅区包括多个光栅单元，且所述多个光栅单元在所述第一光栅区内呈阵列排布。
可选地，光栅是采用光敏材料形成的折射率周期性变化的光栅结构或所述光栅为面浮雕光栅结构。
一种显示系统，包括如上任一项所述的光波导器件。
可选地，还包括图像投影装置；
所述图像投影装置用于向所述光波导器件提供用于显示图像的入射光。
一种增强现实显示装置，包括如上所述的显示系统。
与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的技术方案具有以下优点：
本发明所提供的光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备，光波导器件包括层叠设置在所述光波导层表面的至少两个光学元件，由于入射光经所述至少两个光学元件后，部分光从所述光波导层耦合出射，部分光沿至少两个不同的传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，因此，使得本发明中的光波导器件的光线传输模式不再单一，可以根据实际需要自由设计光波导器件内光线的传输方向以及光线的耦出位置，进而扩大了光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备的应用范围。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一个实施例提供的光波导器件的剖面结构示意图；
图2为本发明一个实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图3为图2所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图；
图4为图2所示的光波导器件沿切割线BB’的剖面结构示意图；
图5为本发明一个实施例提供的第一光栅201的光栅矢量K1和第二光栅202的光栅矢量K2的示意图；
图6为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图7为图6所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图；
图8为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图9为图8所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图；
图10为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图11为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图12为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图13为本发明另一个实施例提供的第一光栅201的光栅矢量K1和第二光栅202的光栅矢量K4的示意图；
图14为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图15为图14所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图；
图16为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图17为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图18为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图19为图18所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图；
图20为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图21为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图22为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图23为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图24为图23所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图；
图25为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图26为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图27为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图28为图27所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图；
图29为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图30为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图；
图31为本发明一个实施例提供的一种显示系统的结构示意图；
图32为本发明一个实施例提供的一种增强现实显示装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种光波导器件，该光波导器件包括光波导层，该光波导层包括设置在所述光波导层表面的至少两个光学元件，在所述光波导层所在平面上，并且，入射光经所述至少两个光学元件后，部分光从所述光波导层耦合出射，部分光沿至少两个不同的传播方向在所述光波导层内传播。
基于此，可以使得本发明中的光波导器件的光线传输模式不再单一，可以根据实际需要自由设计光波导器件内光线的传输方向以及光线的耦出位置，进而扩大了光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备的应用范围。
如图1所示，图1为本发明一个实施例提供的光波导器件的剖面结构示意图，该光波导器件包括光波导层1，该光波导层1包括第一光栅区2，第一光栅区2包括至少一个光栅单元20，光栅单元20包括设置在光波导层1表面的至少两个光栅200。
其中，至少两个光栅200的光栅矢量不同。第一光栅区2中，入射光R0经至少两个光栅200衍射、反射或透射后，部分光Rout从光波导层1耦合出射，部分光沿至少两个不同的传播方向在光波导层1内传播，如光R1沿一个传播方向在光波导层1内传播、光R2沿另一个传播方向在光波导层1内传播。
可选地，本发明实施例中，在光波导层1所在平面上，至少两个光栅200的投影至少部分重叠。当然，本发明并不仅限于此，在本发明的另一实施例中，至少两个光栅200的投影也可以完全不重叠，如至少两个光栅200相邻设置在光波导层1表面，且入射光R0的光斑覆盖至少两个光栅200，即入射光R0能够照射到每个光栅200上，以使每个光栅200都能够对入射光R0进行衍射、反射或透射，使部分光Rout从光波导层1耦合出射，部分光沿至少两个不同的传播方向在光波导层1内传播。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中的光栅200可以是反射式衍射光栅，也可以是透射式衍射光栅，反射式光栅主要对入射光R0进行反射式衍射，即入射光和衍射光位于光栅同侧。透射式光栅主要对入射光R0进行透射式衍射，即入射光和衍射光位于光栅异侧。本发明实施例附图中仅以光栅200是反射式衍 射光栅为例进行说明，并不仅限于此。
还需要说明的是，本发明实施例中的经过光栅之后的透射光，为此光栅的透射0级；经过光栅之后的反射光，为此光栅的反射0级；经过光栅之后的衍射光，为此光栅衍射效率最高的级次，通常为+1级或-1级，其中反射式光栅为反射+1级或-1级，透射式光栅为透射+1级或-1级。
本发明实施例中，由于至少两个光栅200的光栅矢量不同，因此，至少两个光栅200的衍射光、反射光或透射光的出射方向不同，基于此，本发明实施例中，通过对至少两个光栅200的光栅矢量进行设计，可以使得入射光R0经至少两个光栅200衍射、反射或透射后，部分光从光波导层1耦合出射，进行图像的显示，部分光沿至少两个不同的传播方向在光波导层1内传播。由于在光波导层1内传播的光线可以再次经至少两个光栅200衍射、反射或透射后从光波导层1耦合出射，且不同传播方向的光线可以从光波导层1的不同位置出射，因此，扩大了光波导层1耦出光线的区域，使得光波导器件具有二维扩瞳功能。
本发明的一个实施例中，光栅单元20包括至少一个第一光栅201和至少一个第二光栅202，如图2至图4所示，图2为本发明一个实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图3为图2所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图，图4为图2所示的光波导器件沿切割线BB’的剖面结构示意图，光栅单元20包括一个第一光栅201和一个第二光栅202。
其中，第一光栅201的光栅矢量K1和第二光栅202的光栅矢量K2不同。本实施例中，第一光栅区2中，入射光R0经第一光栅201衍射、反射或透射后，部分光从光波导层1耦合出射、部分光沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播；入射光R0经第二光栅202衍射、反射或透射后，部分光沿第一传播方向Y在光波导层1内传播、部分光沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，第一传播方向Y与入射光R0的当前传播方向X不同。
可选地，如图5所示，图5为本发明一个实施例提供的第一光栅201的光栅矢量K1和第二光栅202的光栅矢量K2的示意图，满足光栅矢量K1的两 组布拉格光线中，其中一组布拉格光线或其全反射光线满足光栅矢量K2的两组布拉格光线之一，或者光栅矢量K1与光波导层1表面法向矢量的叉乘与光栅矢量K2与光波导层1表面法向矢量的叉乘相等。也就是说，第一光栅201的衍射光和反射光中的一个与第二光栅202的衍射光和反射光中的一个的传播方向相同，以形成网格状的二维扩瞳结构。
进一步可选地，第一光栅201的反射光的传播方向与第二光栅202的反射光的传播方向相同。具体地，在第一光栅区2中，入射光R0经第一光栅201衍射后从光波导层1耦合出射、经第一光栅201反射或透射后沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，即第一光栅201的衍射光Rout从光波导层1耦合出射，进行图像的显示，第一光栅201的反射光R1沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。
入射光R0经第二光栅202衍射后沿第一传播方向Y在光波导层1内传播、经第二光栅202反射或透射后沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，第一传播方向Y与入射光R0的当前传播方向X不同。即第二光栅202的衍射光R2沿第一传播方向Y在光波导层1内传播，第二光栅202的反射光R3沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，即第二光栅202的反射光R3和第一光栅201的反射光R1沿同一传播方向X传播。
需要说明的是，图5中仅以一种光栅矢量K1和K2为例进行说明，本发明并不仅限于此，在其他实施例中，光栅矢量K1和K2还可以与图5中所示的光栅矢量K1和K2关于原点对称，或者关于x轴和y轴所在平面对称。
本发明实施例中，在光波导层1所在平面上，第一光栅201的投影与第二光栅202的投影至少部分重叠，以使入射光R0既可以被第一光栅201衍射、反射或透射，又可以被第二光栅202衍射、反射或透射。
需要说明的是，第一光栅201的衍射、反射或透射可以与第二光栅202的衍射、反射或透射同时发生，也可以依次发生，本发明并不对此进行限定。
在光波导层1内传播的光线会被光波导层1全反射，并沿当前传播方向传播，在传播的过程中，光线入射到光波导层1具有光栅单元20所在的平面时， 对于光栅单元20而言，该光线即为入射光线R0，此时光栅单元20即第一光栅201和第二光栅202会再次对入射光R0进行衍射、反射或透射，即再次形成第一光栅201的衍射光Rout和反射光R1、第二光栅202的衍射光R2和反射光R3，从而形成了网格状的二维光路，不仅增加了光波导器件内光线的传输方向，而且增加了光波导器件内光线的耦出位置，使得光波导器件具有二维扩瞳功能，还扩大了光波导器件的应用范围。
需要说明的是，由于光线在光波导层1内是以全反射的方式传播的，因此，衍射光Rout与光波导层1法线的夹角与入射光R0与光波导层1法线的夹角相同，且衍射光Rout的出射角度不受波长的影响。本发明实施例中，R1与R2所在平面与x轴的夹角可以是任意钝角，其由光栅矢量K1和K2决定。
本发明实施例中，在光波导层1所在的平面上，第一光栅201的投影与第二光栅202的投影可以完全重叠，基于此，外界入射的入射光如图像投影设备提供的入射光R0可以直接被第一光栅201和第二光栅202衍射、反射或透射后耦合进光波导层1内传播。但是，本发明并不仅限于此，在其他实施例中，在光波导层1所在的平面上，第一光栅201的投影与第二光栅202的投影可以部分不重叠，基于此，如图6和图7所示，图6为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图7为图6所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图，可以通过不重叠部分的第一光栅201将外界入射的入射光R0耦合至光波导层1内。
当然，本发明并不仅限于此，在另一实施例中，如图8和图9所示，图8为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图9为图8所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图，光波导层1还包括第二光栅区3。第二光栅区3包括位于光波导层1表面的第三光栅30，第三光栅30用于将外界入射的入射光R0耦合至光波导层1内，以使入射光R0在光波导层1内传播后进入第一光栅区2，并入射到至少两个光栅上。其中，Rout从光波导层1的哪个表面出射是由第三光栅30的光栅矢量K3或第一光栅K1决定的。
本发明实施例中，第三光栅30的光栅矢量K3与第一光栅201的光栅矢 量K1相同，或者，第三光栅30的光栅矢量K3与第一光栅201的光栅矢量K1沿光波导层1所在平面镜像对称，以纠正光栅色散。
本发明实施例中，沿第一传播方向Y传播的光线是向下传播即沿y＜0的方向传播的光线，但是，本发明并不仅限于此，在其他实施例中，如图10、图11和图12所示，图10为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图11为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图12为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，沿第一传播方向Y传播的光线还可以是向上传播的光线即沿y＞0的方向传播的光线。此时，如图13所示，图13为本发明另一个实施例提供的第一光栅201的光栅矢量K1和第二光栅202的光栅矢量K4的示意图，其中，光栅矢量K4和光栅矢量K2沿X轴对称。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中的第三光栅30和光栅单元20位于光波导层1的同一侧表面，或者，第三光栅30和光栅单元20分别位于光波导层1相对的两侧表面，本发明并不对此进行限定。
本发明的另一实施例中，如图14至图17所示，图14为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图15为图14所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图，图16为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图17为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，光栅单元20还包括至少一个第四光栅203，第四光栅203的光栅矢量K5与第一光栅201的光栅矢量K1和第二光栅202的光栅矢量K2均不同，且在光波导层1所在平面上，第四光栅203的投影与第一光栅201的投影和第二光栅202的投影至少部分重叠。
其中，第一光栅区2中，入射光R0经第四光栅203衍射后沿第二传播方向在光波导层1内传播、经第四光栅203反射或透射后沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，第二传播方向与入射光R0的当前传播方向X不同，第二传播方向与第一传播方向Y相反。
如图15所示，第四光栅203的投影与第一光栅201的投影和第二光栅202 的投影部分重叠，第一光栅区2中，在一个节点C处，入射光R0经第一光栅201衍射后，衍射光Rout从光波导层1耦合出射，入射光R0经第一光栅201反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R1沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第二光栅202衍射后，衍射光R2沿第一传播方向即沿Y＞0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第二光栅202反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R3沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第四光栅203衍射后，衍射光R4沿第二传播方向即沿Y＜0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第四光栅203反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R5沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。
在另一个节点D处，入射光R0经第一光栅201衍射后，衍射光Rout从光波导层1耦合出射，入射光R0经第一光栅201反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R1沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第二光栅202衍射后，衍射光R2沿第一传播方向即沿Y＞0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第二光栅202反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R3沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。
在另一个节点E处，入射光R0经第一光栅201衍射后，衍射光Rout从光波导层1耦合出射，入射光R0经第一光栅201反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R1沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第四光栅203衍射后，衍射光R4沿第二传播方向即沿Y＜0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第四光栅203反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R5沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中，可以直接在第二光栅202上形成第四光栅203，也可以将图8所示的光波导器件与图10所示的光波导器件叠放，来形成图14所示的传播方式。
在本发明的另一实施例中，如图18至图21所示，图18为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图19为图18所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图，图20为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件 的俯视结构示意图，图21为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，第四光栅203的投影与第一光栅201的投影和第二光栅202的投影完全重叠。
第一光栅区2中，入射光R0经第一光栅201衍射后，衍射光Rout从光波导层1耦合出射，入射光R0经第一光栅201反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R1沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第二光栅202衍射后，衍射光R2沿第一传播方向即沿Y＞0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第二光栅202反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R3沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第四光栅203衍射后，衍射光R4沿第二传播方向即沿Y＜0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经第四光栅203反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R5沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。
本发明实施例中，第一光栅区2包括一个光栅单元20，且光栅单元20覆盖整个第一光栅区2，但是，本发明并不仅限于此，在其他实施例中，如图22所示，图22为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，第一光栅区2还可以包括多个光栅单元20，且多个光栅单元20在第一光栅区2内呈阵列排布。
本发明的上述实施例中，仅以光栅单元20包括一个第一光栅201和一个第二光栅202为例进行说明，但是，本发明并不仅限于此，在本发明的另一实施例中，光栅单元20还可以包括至少一个第一光栅201和多个第二光栅202，以使每个节点向下一节点传输的光更多，使得光线能够从最初几个节点向下一级节点扩散，从而使得网格上各节点耦出的光的能量更均匀。需要说明的是，本申请中的多个是指两个及以上。
以光栅单元20包括一个第一光栅201和两个第二光栅202为例，如图23至图26所示，图23为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图24为图23所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图，图25为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图26为本发明另一实 施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，第一光栅区2中，入射光R0经第一光栅201衍射后，衍射光Rout从光波导层1耦合出射，入射光R0经第一光栅201反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R1沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经一个第二光栅202衍射后，衍射光R2沿第一传播方向即沿Y＞0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经该第二光栅202反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R3沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经另一个第二光栅202衍射后，衍射光R2’沿第一传播方向即沿Y＞0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经另一个第二光栅202反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R3’沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。
在本发明的另一实施例中，光栅单元20还可以包括一个第一光栅201、多个第二光栅202和多个第四光栅203，以使得网格上各节点耦出的光的能量更均匀。
以光栅单元20包括一个第一光栅201、两个第二光栅202和三个第四光栅203为例，如图27至图30所示，图27为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图28为图27所示的光波导器件沿切割线AA’的剖面结构示意图，图29为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，图30为本发明另一实施例提供的光波导器件的俯视结构示意图，第一光栅区2中，入射光R0经第一光栅201衍射后，衍射光Rout从光波导层1耦合出射，入射光R0经第一光栅201反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R1沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经一个第二光栅202衍射后，衍射光R2沿第一传播方向即沿Y＞0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经该第二光栅202反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R3沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经另一个第二光栅202衍射后，衍射光R2’沿第一传播方向即沿Y＞0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经另一个第二光栅202反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R3’沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。
入射光R0经一个第三光栅203衍射后，衍射光R4沿第二传播方向即沿Y＜0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经该第三光栅203反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R5沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。入射光R0经另一个第三光栅203衍射后，衍射光R4’沿第二传播方向即沿Y＜0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经该第三光栅203反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R5’沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。入射光R0经另一个第三光栅203衍射后，衍射光R4”沿第二传播方向即沿Y＜0的方向在光波导层1内传播，入射光R0经该第三光栅203反射或透射后，反射光或透射光R5”沿入射光R0的当前传播方向X在光波导层1内传播。
本发明实施例中，所有的光栅都是采用光敏材料形成的折射率周期性变化的光栅结构。也就是说，所有的光栅都是采用光敏材料如光刻胶等进行曝光显影后形成的，采用不同的曝光量可以形成折射率不同的区域，通过形成折射率周期性变化的结构即可形成本发明实施例中所需的衍射光栅。基于此，可以使得光栅的设计和制造周期更短，能够大大降低光波导器件的成本。
本发明实施例中，多个光栅可以层叠设置的光波导层1的表面，但是，本发明并不仅限于此，在其他实施例中，可以通过面浮雕光栅工艺以及光子晶体光栅工艺等将多个光栅集成后，再设置在光波导层1的表面，即本发明实施例中的光栅还可以为面浮雕光栅等结构。
本发明实施例还提供了一种显示系统，如图31所示，图31为本发明一个实施例提供的一种显示系统的结构示意图，该显示系统包括如上任一实施例提供的光波导器件。其中，该显示系统还包括图像投影装置4，该所述图像投影装置4用于向所述光波导器件提供用于显示图像的入射光。
本发明实施例还提供了一种增强现实显示装置，如图32所示，图32为本发明一个实施例提供的一种增强现实显示装置的结构示意图，该增强现实显示装置5包括但不限于AR眼镜等，该增强现实显示装置5包括上述实施例提供的显示系统。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种光波导器件，其特征在于，包括：
    光波导层；
    所述光波导层包括设置在所述光波导层表面的至少两个光学元件；
    入射到所述至少两个光学元件上的光经所述至少两个光学元件后，部分光从所述光波导层耦合出射，部分光沿至少两个不同的传播方向在所述光波导层内传播。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述光波导层包括第一光栅区，所述第一光栅区包括至少一个光栅单元，所述光栅单元包括所述设置在所述光波导层表面的至少两个光学元件，所述光学元件为光栅，至少两个光栅的光栅矢量不同；
    所述第一光栅区中，入射光经所述至少两个光栅衍射、反射或透射后，部分光从所述光波导层耦合出射，部分光沿至少两个不同的传播方向在所述光波导层内传播。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，在所述光波导层所在平面上，所述至少两个光栅的投影至少部分交叠。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述光栅单元包括至少一个第一光栅和至少一个第二光栅，所述第一光栅和所述第二光栅的光栅矢量不同，且在所述光波导层所在平面上，所述第一光栅的投影与所述第二光栅的投影至少部分重叠；
    所述第一光栅区中，入射光经所述第一光栅衍射、反射或透射后，部分光从所述光波导层耦合出射、部分光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播；入射光经所述第二光栅衍射、反射或透射后，部分光沿第一传播方向在所述光波导层内传播、部分光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，所述第一传播方向与所述入射光的当前传播方向不同。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述第一光栅区中，入射光经所述第一光栅衍射后，衍射光从所述光波导层耦合出射，入射光经所 述第一光栅反射或透射后，反射光或透射光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播；入射光经所述第二光栅衍射后，衍射光沿第一传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，入射光经所述第二光栅反射或透射后，反射光或透射光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，所述第一传播方向与所述入射光的当前传播方向不同。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述光栅单元包括至少一个第一光栅和多个第二光栅。
  7. 根据权利要求2～6任一项所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，还包括第二光栅区；
    所述第二光栅区包括位于所述光波导层表面的第三光栅，所述第三光栅的光栅矢量与所述第一光栅的光栅矢量相同，或者，所述第三光栅的光栅矢量与所述第一光栅的光栅矢量沿所述光波导层所在平面镜像对称；
    所述第三光栅用于将外界入射的入射光耦合至所述光波导层内，以使所述入射光在所述光波导层内传播后进入所述第一光栅区，并入射到所述至少两个光栅上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述第三光栅和所述光栅单元位于所述光波导层的同一侧表面。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述第三光栅和所述光栅单元分别位于所述光波导层相对的两侧表面。
  10. 根据权利要求2～6任一项所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，在所述光波导层所在的平面上，所述第一光栅的投影与所述第二光栅的投影部分不重叠，以通过不重叠部分的第一光栅将外界入射的入射光耦合至所述光波导层内，使所述入射光在所述光波导层内传播后进入所述第一光栅区，并入射到所述至少两个光栅上。
  11. 根据权利要求2～10任一项所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述光栅单元还包括至少一个第四光栅，所述第四光栅的光栅矢量与所述第一光栅和所述第二光栅的光栅矢量均不同，且在所述光波导层所在平面上，所述第四光 栅的投影与所述第一光栅的投影和所述第二光栅的投影至少部分重叠；
    所述第一光栅区中，入射光经所述第四光栅衍射后，衍射光沿第二传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，入射光经所述第四光栅反射或透射后，反射光或透射光沿所述入射光的当前传播方向在所述光波导层内传播，所述第二传播方向与所述入射光的当前传播方向不同，所述第二传播方向与所述第一传播方向相反。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述光栅单元包括至少一个第一光栅、多个第二光栅和多个第四光栅。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述第一光栅区包括一个光栅单元，且所述光栅单元覆盖整个所述第一光栅区。
  14. 根据权利要求2所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，所述第一光栅区包括多个光栅单元，且所述多个光栅单元在所述第一光栅区内呈阵列排布。
  15. 根据权利要求2所述的光波导器件，其特征在于，光栅是采用光敏材料形成的折射率周期性变化的光栅结构或所述光栅为面浮雕光栅结构。
  16. 一种显示系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～15任一项所述的光波导器件。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的显示系统，其特征在于，还包括图像投影装置；
    所述图像投影装置用于向所述光波导器件提供用于显示图像的入射光。
  18. 一种增强现实显示装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求16或17所述的显示系统。
PCT/CN2020/100551 2020-07-07 2020-07-07 光波导器件、显示系统和增强现实显示设备 WO2022006730A1 (zh)

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