WO2022002255A1 - 电池包及其制作方法 - Google Patents

电池包及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022002255A1
WO2022002255A1 PCT/CN2021/104269 CN2021104269W WO2022002255A1 WO 2022002255 A1 WO2022002255 A1 WO 2022002255A1 CN 2021104269 W CN2021104269 W CN 2021104269W WO 2022002255 A1 WO2022002255 A1 WO 2022002255A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
accommodating cavity
battery
filler
battery pack
cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/104269
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王良均
邓春英
马睿飞
Original Assignee
苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010631670.9A external-priority patent/CN114094251A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202021277330.2U external-priority patent/CN212517376U/zh
Application filed by 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 filed Critical 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司
Priority to EP21831578.6A priority Critical patent/EP4178019A1/en
Publication of WO2022002255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022002255A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/623—Portable devices, e.g. mobile telephones, cameras or pacemakers
    • H01M10/6235—Power tools
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/247—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for portable devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers, hand tools or pacemakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric tools, in particular to a battery pack and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • a battery pack is generally a battery module composed of multiple cells connected in series or in parallel. Further, a plurality of battery modules can also be connected in series or in parallel to form a battery cell group with a certain voltage and capacity.
  • the cells in the battery pack will generate heat during the discharge process. If the heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will affect the normal use of the battery pack, weaken the discharge capacity of the battery pack, shorten the life of the battery pack, and even cause safety accidents.
  • the battery pack it is required to have good heat dissipation performance.
  • one way is to use air to dissipate heat. Specifically, a larger air flow gap is set between the battery cell and the bracket, and a negative pressure air duct communicated with the gap is set in the battery pack.
  • the above-mentioned heat dissipation method for the battery cells not only increases the volume of the battery pack, but also is not conducive to the waterproofing of the battery pack.
  • Another method in the prior art is to dispose a heat absorbing material outside the cell to dissipate heat.
  • the heat-absorbing material is arranged on the periphery of the cell, and at the same time, parts such as a plastic cover gasket need to be added to seal and assemble the heat-absorbing material.
  • the above method has a relatively complex structure as a whole, and the process cost is relatively high.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the heat generated by the discharge of the battery cells can be effectively transferred, thereby increasing the discharge capacity of the battery cells and prolonging the life of the battery cells. Battery pack usage time and service life.
  • a battery pack includes: an electric battery module, including a plurality of electric cells, the electric connection between the electric cells is formed, and each electric cell is provided with an outer side in its longitudinal extension direction; For establishing a mechanical and electrical connection between the power tool and the battery pack; a bracket, an accommodating cavity is formed inside the bracket, and the battery core is at least partially received in the accommodating cavity; a filler, wrapped in the battery core The outer side is located on the inner side of the accommodating cavity, and is used for transferring the heat generated by the battery core to the outside of the accommodating cavity; the outer side surface of the battery core is completely accommodated in the accommodating cavity, and the filler along the The ratio of the length of the cell in the longitudinal direction to the length of the cell is not less than 30%.
  • the setting ratio of the length of the filler along the longitudinal direction of the cell to the length of the cell is not less than 50%.
  • bracket is provided as an integral structure.
  • the bracket includes a first sub-rack and a second sub-rack
  • the accommodating cavity includes a first accommodating cavity provided in the first sub-rack, and a second accommodating cavity provided in the second sub-rack
  • the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity are respectively used for accommodating at least part of the battery cells, and when the first sub-rack and the second sub-rack face each other, the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity communicate with each other
  • the battery can be wrapped along the lengthwise direction of the battery.
  • each battery cell is respectively accommodated in the accommodating cavity that is independent of each other.
  • the accommodating cavity is provided with a sealing member in contact with the outer surface of the cell, and the radial width of the sealing member is greater than or equal to the gap between the outer surface of the electric core and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity.
  • the object is located between the first sub-support or the second sub-support and the sealing member in the longitudinal direction of the cell.
  • the battery cell has a body extending longitudinally, and the body is distributed with positive electrode segments and negative electrode segments along the longitudinal direction, and the filler is arranged on the negative electrode segment and/or the positive electrode segment and the negative electrode segment. inside the gap of the inner wall of the accommodating cavity.
  • the inner wall of the accommodating cavity is protruded with a plurality of positioning pieces extending toward the battery core, and the positioning pieces are in contact with the outer side surface of the battery core.
  • the positioning members extend along the longitudinal direction of the cell, an installation groove is formed between adjacent positioning members, and the filler is arranged in the installation groove.
  • the filler includes at least two different phase change materials, and the melting ranges of the phase change materials are at least partially different.
  • the filler includes a phase change material that is in a solid state at normal temperature, and the phase change material changes form from a solid state to a liquid during an endothermic process, or maintains a solid state.
  • the melting range of the phase change material is between 40°C and 70°C.
  • the material of the filler includes thermally conductive adhesive
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive adhesive is between 1 and 3
  • the thickness of one side of the thermally conductive adhesive is between 0 and 0.5 mm.
  • the first assembly is assembled with the other of the battery core and the bracket to form a second assembly.
  • the battery pack and the manufacturing method thereof provided in the embodiments of the present application, by optimizing the heat dissipation structure of the battery cells, and filling the gap between the battery cells and the bracket with fillers, it can effectively transmit the heat generated by the discharge of the battery cells. heat, thereby increasing the discharge capacity of the battery cell and prolonging the service time and service life of the battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a single accommodating cavity in a cell, a filler, and a support provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is an A-A cross-sectional view of a single accommodating cavity in the cell, filler and bracket provided in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single accommodating cavity in a stent provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell, a filler and a single accommodating cavity in a support provided in another embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a single receiving cavity in the stent provided with filler provided in FIG. 5;
  • Figure 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a single accommodating cavity in the stent provided with filler provided in Figure 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a single accommodating cavity in another stent provided with a filler provided in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a single accommodating cavity in a cell, a filler, and a support provided in yet another embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a battery pack provided in another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a single accommodating cavity in the bracket provided with the filler provided by the battery pack in FIG. 10;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the temperature rise curves of the cells
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of steps of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • bracket 20, accommodating cavity; 21, first sub bracket; 22, second sub bracket; 220, limit step; 23, positioning piece; 24, installation slot; 241, first installation slot; 242, second installation slot;
  • Air is the bottleneck that hinders the heat transfer of the cell.
  • the air can be reduced by reducing the thickness of the interface to reduce the thermal resistance.
  • the interface roughness is limited by the process and the cell assembly process, the air still exists more or less.
  • the gap between the battery cells and the bracket is filled with fillers, which can effectively transfer the heat generated by the battery cells discharge, thereby increasing the battery cell discharge capacity and prolonging the use of the battery pack. time and service life. Tests show that, through the optimization of the heat dissipation structure of the battery cell in this application, the service life of the battery cell is increased by 25% year-on-year.
  • the battery pack mainly includes: a battery cell 1 , a support 2 , and a battery filled between the battery core 1 and the support 2 .
  • the battery pack may further include an outer shell, and the bracket 2 may be located in the outer shell.
  • the bracket 2 may also serve as a shell in part or in whole, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the housing may include an upper cover 41 and a lower cover 42 that are butted together.
  • the upper cover 41 and the lower cover 42 are butted together, a relatively closed cavity is formed for accommodating the battery cell 1 , the bracket 2 , the circuit board 5 , and the like.
  • the battery cell 1 can be in the shape of a column as a whole, for example, a cylindrical shape.
  • the shape of the battery core 1 can also be adaptively adjusted according to actual needs, for example, it can be a cuboid, or an approximate cuboid, or even other Alien structure.
  • the shape and structure of the battery cell 1 are not specifically limited in the present application.
  • the battery core 1 is mainly described as a cylindrical shape, and the shape of other battery cores 1 can be referred to this application by analogy.
  • the battery cell 1 may include a body extending along the longitudinal direction, and the body has a positive electrode segment and a negative electrode segment distributed along the longitudinal direction.
  • the number of the cells 1 and the series-parallel connection between the cells 1 can be adjusted according to the voltage of the cells 1 itself and different nominal voltages, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the battery cells 1 can be connected in series, or in parallel, or a combination of series and parallel to form a battery module through the connecting sheets 11 .
  • the number of the battery modules may be one or two or more.
  • the bracket 2 is mainly used for installing the battery cell 1 , and a plurality of accommodating cavities 20 for installing the battery cell 1 are formed inside the bracket 2 .
  • Each cell 1 is at least partially received in the corresponding accommodating cavity 20 .
  • the battery cell 1 may be partially located in the accommodating cavity 20 ; or, the battery cell 1 may also be entirely located in the accommodating cavity 20 .
  • a filler 3 is provided on the outer side of each battery cell 1 and located inside the accommodating cavity 20 , and the filler 3 is used to transfer the heat generated by the battery cell 1 to the outside of the accommodating cavity 20 . .
  • the battery pack in which the battery cells 1 are assembled through the bracket 2 there are more or less some gaps between the battery cells 1 and the bracket 2, and these gaps are air before the filler 3 is provided.
  • the air has high thermal resistance and small thermal conductivity, about 0.023 (W/m.k), which is a poor conductor of heat.
  • the parameters such as the thermal conductivity and the filling length of the filler 3 can be reasonably set.
  • ⁇ is the thermal conductivity
  • L is the length of the material conduction path (here is the length in the radial direction of the cell in the embodiment)
  • S is the heat transfer area
  • the ratio of the length of the filler 3 along the longitudinal direction of the cell 1 to the length of the cell 1 may not be less than 30%. Further, since the length of the material in the radial direction is longer, the thermal resistance is larger. In order to better ensure the heat exchange effect between the filler 3 and the cell 1 , the length of the filler 3 in the longitudinal direction may be appropriately increased. Specifically, the ratio of the length of the filler 3 along the longitudinal direction of the battery core 1 to the length of the battery core 1 is not less than 50%.
  • the bracket 2 may be an integral bracket; or, in other embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 9 , the bracket 2 may also be a split type bracket.
  • the bracket 2 when the bracket 2 is a split bracket, the bracket 2 may include a first sub-rack 21 and a second sub-rack 22 .
  • the accommodating cavity 20 may include a plurality of first accommodating cavities disposed in the first sub-rack 21 and a plurality of second accommodating cavities disposed in the second sub-rack 22 , the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity.
  • the cavities are respectively used for accommodating at least part of the battery cells 1.
  • the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity correspond one-to-one, and the battery cells are in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the outer side in the longitudinal direction is completely accommodated in the accommodating cavity.
  • the complete accommodating means that the electric core is basically accommodated in the accommodating cavity in its longitudinal direction. It is a case where there are unavoidable gaps caused by assembly gaps or process production. .
  • the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity are communicated with each other and can extend along the longitudinal direction of the cell 1
  • the battery cell 1 is wrapped without any gap in the longitudinal direction. .
  • the battery pack will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and application scenarios.
  • the battery cell 1 has a body extending longitudinally, and positive electrode segments and negative electrode segments are distributed at both ends of the body of the battery core 1 along the longitudinal direction; the filler 3 is arranged on the negative electrode segment and/or inside the gap between the positive electrode segment and the accommodating cavity 20 .
  • the length of the negative electrode segment is greater than the length of the positive electrode segment.
  • the depth of the accommodating cavity of the sub-support disposed outside the negative terminal along the lengthwise direction of the cell 1 is greater than the depth of the accommodating cavity of the sub-support disposed outside the positive electrode segment along the lengthwise direction of the battery cell 1 .
  • the accommodating cavities with different depths may be correspondingly arranged in the first sub-support 21 or in the second sub-support 22 . As shown in FIG. 1 , when the cells 1 are connected in series, first accommodation cavities with different depths may be arranged in the first sub-support 21 at intervals. Similarly, second accommodating cavities with different depths may also be arranged in the second sub-support 22 at intervals.
  • the first accommodating cavity or the accommodating cavity with a longer depth in the second accommodating cavity can be wrapped outside the negative electrode segment by the first thermal conductive glue 31 with zero gap.
  • the first accommodating cavity or the accommodating cavity with a shorter depth in the second accommodating cavity can be wrapped outside the positive electrode segment of the battery cell 1 through the second thermal conductive glue 32 with zero gap.
  • the first thermally conductive adhesive 31 and the second thermally conductive adhesive 32 may be the same or different.
  • the zero-gap wrapping may mean that the inner wall of the bracket 2 (including the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity) can be partially or completely attached to the outer wall of the battery cell 1 (including the negative electrode segment and the positive electrode segment). And the two have no air gap along the radial direction at the fitting position.
  • the bracket 2 is arranged as the first sub-rack 21 and the second sub-rack 2 which are connected to each other is particularly suitable for a scenario where the sizes of the positive electrode segment and the negative electrode segment of the battery cell 1 are different.
  • the positive electrode segment is radially convex relative to the negative electrode segment. If the thermally conductive adhesive is placed in the positive electrode segment, the thermally conductive adhesive is likely to overflow.
  • the negative electrode segment can be inserted into the accommodating cavity of a certain sub-support with a longer depth first, and then the positive electrode segment can be sheathed in another accommodating cavity with a shorter depth of the sub-support.
  • the filler 3 between the positive electrode segment and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 20 can be omitted.
  • the filler 3 outside the positive electrode segment can be omitted. That is to say, the filler 3 may be provided only in the gap between the negative electrode segment and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 20 .
  • the bracket 2 may have a cylindrical wall that matches the basic shape of the battery core 1 .
  • the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 20 can be gap-fitted to form a predetermined gap H.
  • the clearance fit is taken as an example for detailed description, and other situations can be referred to by analogy according to the content disclosed in this application.
  • the shape of the accommodating cavity 20 may substantially match the shape of the battery cell 1 .
  • the accommodating cavity 20 of the bracket 2 can be in the shape of a hollow cylinder.
  • the filler 3 is solid and the filler 3 is continuously distributed along the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 1, which is beneficial to both uniform heat exchange.
  • the shape of the accommodating cavity 20 may or may not match the shape of the battery cell 1 .
  • the cross-section of the accommodating cavity 20 can be any regular or irregular shape, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • a gap is left in the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity along the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 1 , and the outer side surface of the battery cell 1 is exposed from the gap.
  • the brackets 2 are discontinuously distributed in the longitudinal direction of the cell 1 .
  • the shape and size of the accommodating cavity 20 can be adaptively adjusted according to whether the filler 3 is filled between the bracket 2 and the battery core 1, and the type of the filler 3, etc. specific restrictions.
  • the bracket 2 when the heat generated by the battery cell 1 needs to be conducted out through the bracket 2 as soon as possible, the bracket 2 can be made of a thermally conductive material, which can conduct the heat on the battery core 1 outward in time.
  • the thermally conductive material can be selected from a material with higher thermal conductivity.
  • the filler 3 is wrapped around the outer side of each battery cell 1 and is located inside the accommodating cavity 20 , so as to transfer the heat generated by the battery core 1 to the accommodating cavity 20 . outside.
  • the thickness of the filler 3 can also be H on one side.
  • the material of the filler 3 may include thermally conductive adhesive or a phase change material or the like. According to the specific form of the material of the filler 3 , the way of transferring the heat of the cell 1 is also different.
  • the filler 3 serves as an intermediate medium for conducting the heat of the battery core 1 to the support 2 .
  • the filler 3 acts as a heat absorption medium for absorbing the heat generated by the battery core 1 .
  • the thermally conductive adhesive when the material of the filler 3 is in the form of thermally conductive adhesive, can be provided by any one of back glue, a glue storage tank on the bracket 2, and secondary injection molding. between the bracket 2 and the battery core 1 .
  • the thermally conductive adhesive can be set in different ways according to the provided form. For example, for the solid flat thermal grease sheet: it can be glued with the battery cell 1 and then inserted into the wall of the bracket 2; for liquid glue, the tape can be squeezed together when the battery cell 1 is loaded To the predetermined gap H, of course, when the predetermined gap H is 0, a space for accommodating liquid glue can also be formed by arranging a glue storage tank on the bracket 2 .
  • the secondary injection molding method is a method of molding a certain plastic raw material in a primary plastic mold, then taking out the molded parts, putting them into the secondary molding mold, and then injecting the same or another plastic material for molding. process, which is the same as the encapsulation process of soft rubber.
  • the thermally conductive adhesive has a relatively high thermal conductivity.
  • the thermal conductivity may be between 1 and 3.
  • the core function of the filler 3 is to discharge the air in the predetermined gap H formed between the cell 1 and the inner wall of the bracket.
  • the thickness of one side of the thermally conductive adhesive is the same as the predetermined gap H.
  • the predetermined gap is set to be greater than 0 and less than 0.5 mm
  • the thickness of one side of the thermally conductive adhesive is also between 0 and 0.5 mm.
  • the predetermined gap H is theoretically half of the difference between the diameter of the receiving cavity 20 of the bracket 2 and the outer diameter of the cell 1, but in actual installation, considering the installation error, there may be a gap on one side A certain deviation may be greater than 0.5 mm.
  • the battery cell 1 may include a body extending along the longitudinal direction, and the body has positive electrode segments and negative electrode segments distributed along the longitudinal direction.
  • the gap formed between the main body of the battery cell 1 and the bracket 2 may include a first gap between the negative electrode segment and the bracket 2 ; at least the first gap is provided with the filler 3 .
  • the battery cell 1 can be divided into a negative electrode segment and a positive electrode segment in its longitudinal direction.
  • the negative electrode segment is a segment of battery cells including a negative electrode
  • the positive electrode segment is another segment of battery cells including a positive electrode.
  • the negative electrode segment is a cylindrical segment with a regular shape and a small diameter, and the radial dimension of the positive electrode segment is larger than the radial dimension of the negative electrode segment.
  • the filler 3 may be provided only in the first gap between the negative electrode segment and the bracket 2 .
  • a plurality of positioning members 23 extending toward the battery cell 1 are protruded from the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 20 .
  • the positioning member 23 is in contact with the outer surface of the cell 1 , and is used for circumferential positioning of the cell 1 .
  • a positioning member 23 may also be provided on the bracket 2 to position the battery cell 1 , and the positioning member 23 can reliably ensure the positioning stability of the battery cell 1 .
  • the positioning member 23 may be a plurality of local rigid ribs disposed at the end of the bracket 2 , and the local rigid ribs may be evenly spaced along the circumferential direction.
  • four local rigid rib plates can be evenly arranged along the circumferential direction.
  • the specific form of the positioning member 23 may be a raised portion of a rigid material that is the same material as the bracket 2 , such as a raised portion of plastic.
  • the positioning member 23 can be in circumferential contact with the cell 1 , so as to reliably position the cell 1 in the circumferential direction.
  • the specific form and material of the positioning member 23 are not limited to the above examples in the specification of this application, and those skilled in the art can also make adaptive adjustments, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the material of the filler 3 may include a solid phase change material at room temperature.
  • the normal temperature generally refers to 25 degrees Celsius.
  • the heat discharged from the battery core 1 can be effectively absorbed .
  • the state of the phase change material changes from a solid state to a liquid during the endothermic process; or, the phase change material maintains a solid state during the endothermic process.
  • the filler can be composed of phase change materials with different melting ranges (melting range: the melting point of the phase change material after the organic matter is mixed, the melting point is a temperature range, and the temperature range is called melting range).
  • melting range the melting point of the phase change material after the organic matter is mixed, the melting point is a temperature range, and the temperature range is called melting range).
  • the melting range of the phase change material is between 40°C and 70°C.
  • the battery cell 1 instantly dissipates a large amount of heat when it is discharged with a large current. After testing, it was found that when a certain 18650 cell 1 was discharged at a working current of 30A at room temperature, it only took about 1 minute for the outer surface temperature to change from 60°C to 75°C. If the temperature of the phase transition is closer to the protection temperature of the cell 1 at about 75°C, the heat absorption efficiency is very low, that is, the heat emitted by the high current discharge of the cell 1 cannot be absorbed in time.
  • the comprehensive reference outdoor working environment temperature is around 40°C.
  • one of the melting ranges can be close to the ambient temperature, and the other melting range is lower than the protection temperature of cell 1.
  • the temperature rise curve of the cell 1 is gentler than that of the phase change material with a single melting range, which can delay the arrival of the cell 1
  • the protection temperature can effectively prolong the discharge time of the battery cell 1 .
  • the state of the phase change material changes from a solid state to a liquid during an endothermic process, or maintains a solid state.
  • the phase change material is disposed between the battery core 1 and the support 2 in the form of a full circle wrapping.
  • the wrapping form of the whole circle may specifically be as follows: the phase change material may be in the shape of a ring through the circumferential direction, and is arranged between the battery core 1 and the support 2 with zero gap.
  • the whole wrapping form can effectively ensure the contact area between the cell 1 and the phase change material.
  • the filler may be a phase change material with a single melting range, or a ready-made material formed by mixing at least two melting range phase change materials.
  • the positioning members 23 extend longitudinally along the cell 1 , an installation groove 24 is formed between adjacent positioning members 23 , and the filler 3 is arranged in the installation groove 24 .
  • a longitudinally extending positioning member 23 is provided on the inner wall of the bracket 2 .
  • the positioning member 23 can be used for circumferential positioning of the battery core 1 , and on the other hand, two adjacent positioning members A plurality of isolated installation grooves 24 are formed between the 23 .
  • the phase change material is divided into a plurality of independent heat absorbing regions with a fan shape in cross section, on the one hand, the stability of the phase change material structure can be improved and the phase change material and the battery core can be guaranteed. 1 degree of fit, to prevent the phase change material, especially the brittle phase change material from cracking during use; on the other hand, phase change materials with different melting ranges can be flexibly arranged in different installation grooves Improve the endothermic effect of phase change materials.
  • the filler 3 may include at least two different phase change materials, the melting ranges of the phase change materials are at least partially different, and different phase change materials are arranged in adjacent installation grooves 24 .
  • the installation groove 24 may include: a first installation groove 241 and a second installation groove 242 .
  • the melting range of the phase change material in the first installation groove 241 and the second installation groove 242 is different.
  • the number of the first installation grooves 241 may be multiple, and the number of the second installation grooves 242 may also be multiple.
  • the number of the first installation groove 241 and the number of the second installation groove 242 is three respectively.
  • the first installation grooves 241 and the second installation grooves 242 can be spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the cell 1.
  • the heat absorption efficiency can be improved. , in order to improve the endothermic effect of the phase change material and achieve effective control of the temperature rise of the cell 1 .
  • the cell 1 in the case where the state of the phase change material changes from solid to liquid during the endothermic process, the cell 1 cooperates with the bracket 2 to form a sealed cavity for installing the phase change material .
  • the two ends of the phase change material in the longitudinal direction can be sealed by the press fit between the end of the bracket 2 and the battery cell 1, so as to prevent the phase change material from being transformed into a liquid or solid-liquid mixing In the state, a liquid phase change material flows out from the end faces of the two.
  • a sealed cavity may be formed between the cell 1 and the bracket 2 under the action of an axial compression force.
  • the phase change material is arranged in the sealing cavity to achieve sealing.
  • the phase change material is distributed in the negative electrode segment with a smaller diameter.
  • the negative electrode segment corresponds to the first sub-support 21
  • the positive electrode segment corresponds to the second sub-support 2 .
  • the second sub-support 2 The inner diameter of the first sub-support 21 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first sub-support 21 , so that a limit step 220 is formed at the position where the first sub-support 21 and the second sub-support 2 are butted.
  • the cavity thickness of the sealed cavity in which the phase change material is installed is the height of the limiting step 220 .
  • the sealed cavity may be formed by the cooperation of the inner wall of the first sub-support 21 , the outer wall of the cell 1 and the limiting step 220 .
  • a sealing member 6 may be provided at at least one end of the phase change material, or a sealing member 6 may be provided at the butt joint of the first sub-support 21 and the second sub-support 22 .
  • the sealing member 6 may be in the form of an elastic sealing gasket, and its radial width may be equal to or slightly larger than the predetermined gap, so as to effectively seal the phase change material.
  • a circumferential limiter for circumferentially positioning the cell 1 may be formed on the bracket 2 at a position close to the end.
  • the circumferential limiting member may be a first limiting portion 27 formed on the side of the bracket 2 close to the open end 26 .
  • first limiting portion 27 may also be in other forms that can limit the circumferential position of the battery cell 1 , which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the bracket 2 may be formed with a second limiting portion 28 at a position away from the opening end 26 , and the second limiting portion 28 is used for axially positioning the battery cell 1 .
  • the second limiting portion 28 may be a baffle plate provided at the end of the bracket 2 .
  • the bracket 2 can refer to the specific description of the above-mentioned embodiment in which the filler 3 is a thermally conductive adhesive, which will not be repeated in this application.
  • the phase change material in the second sub-support 2 can also be omitted.
  • the bracket 2 is an integral bracket, and the accommodating cavity 20 is enclosed by the inner wall of the bracket 2 and is independent of each other.
  • the bracket 2 may be a hollow cylinder as a whole, one end of the cylinder is provided as an open end 26, and the other end of the cylinder is provided with a second limiting portion 28 for axially limiting the battery core 1.
  • the second limiting portion 28 may be a baffle plate at the end of the bracket 2 , or may be in the form of a limiting step formed inside the bracket 2 to limit the axial position of the cell 1 .
  • the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a battery pack.
  • the manufacturing method includes:
  • Step S11 assembling the filler 3 with one of the battery core 1 and the support 2 in a predetermined manner to form a first assembly;
  • Step S13 Assemble the first assembly with the other of the battery cell 1 and the bracket 2 to form a second assembly.
  • the case where the filler 3 is in a solid state is mainly introduced.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery pack is mainly to inject the filler 3 with one of the battery core 1 and the bracket 2 by means of injection molding, assembling, adhesive backing, etc.
  • One of the phases is assembled to form a first assembly.
  • the first assembly is subsequently assembled with the remaining parts to form a second assembly.
  • the plurality of second assemblies are electrically connected and put into the casing to form a battery pack.
  • the filler 3 can be installed into the first sub-support 21 to form a first assembly; then the cell 1 is inserted into the first assembly; part of the cell 1 is exposed to the first sub-support 21 . Then, the second sub-support 22 provided with the sealing member 6 is sleeved outside the exposed cell 1 to form a second assembly. Subsequently, the plurality of second assemblies are electrically connected and put into the casing to form a battery pack.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery pack has simple process, low manufacturing cost, and high reliability, which is beneficial to improve the performance of the battery pack and reduce the cost of the battery pack at the same time.
  • the manufacturing method can mainly form the filler 3 between the battery cell 1 and the support 2 by means of injection, smearing, or the like.
  • the manufacturing method may include: assembling the battery cell 1 and the support 2 to form a space for filling the filler 3 ; and injecting the liquid filler 3 into the formed space. Subsequently, the plurality of assemblies are electrically connected and put into the casing to form a battery pack.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电池包及其制作方法，该电池包包括：电池模组，包括若干电芯，所述电芯之间形成电性连接，每一电芯在其纵长延伸方向上包括外侧面；适配部，用于在电动工具与所述电池包之间建立机械和电连接；支架，所述支架的内部形成有容纳腔，所述电芯至少部分地接收于容纳腔中；填充物，包裹在电芯的外侧面且位于所述容纳腔的内侧，用于将电芯产生的热量传递至容纳腔之外；所述电芯的外侧面完全收容于所述容纳腔内，所述填充物沿着所述电芯纵长方向的设置长度与所述电芯长度的比例不小于30％。

Description

电池包及其制作方法
本申请要求了申请日为2020年07月03日，申请号为202010631670.9和202021277330.2的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电动工具技术领域，特别涉及一种电池包及其制作方法。
背景技术
电池包一般是由多个电芯通过串联、并联的方式组成的电池模组。进一步的，多个电池模组也可以通过串联、并联的方式组成具有一定电压和容量的电芯组。电池包内的电芯在放电过程中会产生热量，这些热量如果不能及时散发的话，会影响电池包的正常使用，减弱电池包的放电能力，缩短电池包的寿命，甚至会引发安全事故。
对于电池包而言，要求其具有良好的散热性能。现有技术中，一种方式是利用空气进行散热。具体的，在电芯与支架设置较大气流流动间隙，并且在电池包中设置与该间隙相连通的负压风道。但是上述对电芯的散热方式不仅会增加电池包的体积，而且还不利于电池包防水。
此外，现有技术中另一种方式是在电芯外设置吸热材料进行散热。具体的，在电芯的外围设置吸热材料，同时还需要增设塑封套垫板等零件对吸热材料进行密封装配。上述方式整体上结构较为复杂，且工艺成本较高。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供一种电池包及其制作方法，通过对电芯的散热结构进行优化，能够有效地传递出电芯放电产生的热量，从而增加电芯放电容量，延长电池包使用时间和使用寿命。
本发明的上述目的可采用下列技术方案来实现：
一种电池包，其包括：电电池模组，包括若干电芯，所述电芯之间形成电性连接，每一电芯在其纵长延伸方向上设有外侧面；适配部，用于在电动工具与所述电池包之间建立机械和电连接；支架，所述支架的内部形成有容纳腔，所述电芯至少部分地接收于容纳腔中；填充物，包裹在电芯的外侧面且位于所述容纳腔的内侧，用于将电芯产生的热量传递至容纳腔之外；所述电芯的外侧面完全收容于所述容纳腔内，所述填充物沿着所述电芯纵长方向的设置长度与所述电芯长度的比例不小于30％。
进一步的，所述填充物沿着所述电芯纵长方向的设置长度与所述电芯长度的设置比例不小于50％。
进一步的，所述支架设置为一体式结构。
进一步的，所述支架包括第一子支架和第二子支架，所述容纳腔包括设置于所述第一子支架的第一容纳腔，以及设置于所述第二子支架的第二容纳腔，所述第一容纳腔及第二容纳腔分别用于收容至少部分电芯，当所述第一子支架与第二子支架相向对接时，所述第一容纳腔与第二容纳腔相互连通且能沿电芯纵长方向包裹电芯。
进一步的，当所述容纳腔由支架内壁围成且相互独立，每一电芯分别对应地收容于相互独立的容纳腔内。
进一步的，所述容纳腔内设有与电芯的外侧面接触的密封件，所述密封件的径向宽度大于等于所述电芯的外侧面与所述容纳腔内壁的间隙，所述填充物在所述电芯的纵长方向上位于所述第一子支架或所述第二子支架与所述密封件之间。
进一步的，所述电芯具有纵长延伸的本体，所述本体沿着纵长方向的分布有正极段和负极段，所述填充物设置于所述负极段和/或所述正极段与所述容纳腔内壁的间隙内。
进一步的，所述容纳腔的内壁凸设有若干向所述电芯延伸的定位件，所述定位件与所述电芯外侧面相抵接。
进一步的，所述定位件沿所述电芯纵向延伸，相邻的定位件之间形成安装槽，所述填充物设置于所述安装槽中。
进一步的，所述填充物包括至少2种不同的相变材料，所述相变材料的熔程至少部分不同。
进一步的，所述填充物包括常温下呈固态的相变材料，所述相变材料在吸热过程中形态由固态向液体转变，或者维持固态。
进一步的，所述相变材料的熔程在40℃～70℃之间。
进一步的，所述填充物的材料包括导热胶，所述导热胶的导热系数在1至3之间，所述导热胶的单侧厚度在0至0.5毫米之间。
一种如上所述的电池包的制作方法，对于所述填充物呈固态的情况，所述制作方法包括：
将填充物与电芯、支架之一通过预定方式相组装形成第一装配体；
将所述第一装配体与电芯、支架中的另一个进行组装，形成第二装配体。
本申请实施方式中所提供的电池包及其制作方法，通过对电芯的散热结构进行优化，利用填充物将电芯与支架之间的间隙进行填充，能够有效地传递出电芯放电产生的热量，从而增加电芯放电容量，延长电池包使用时间和使用寿命。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明对进一步说明。
图1为本申请实施方式中提供的一种电池包的爆炸图；
图2为本申请一个实施方式中提供的电芯、填充物与支架中单个容纳腔的纵向剖视图；
图3为图2中提供的电芯、填充物与支架中单个容纳腔的A-A横向剖视图；
图4为本申请一个实施方式中提供的支架中单个容纳腔的结构示意图；
图5为本申请另一个实施方式中提供的电芯、填充物与支架中单个容纳腔配合的结构示意图；
图6为图5中提供的设置有填充物的支架中单个容纳腔的横向剖视图；
图7为图5中提供的设置有填充物的支架中单个容纳腔的纵向剖视图；
图8为图5中提供的另一种设置有填充物的支架中单个容纳腔的纵向剖视图；
图9为本申请又一个实施方式中提供的电芯、填充物与支架中单个容纳腔的纵向剖视图；
图10为本申请另一种实施方式中提供的一种电池包的爆炸图；
图11为图10中电池包提供的设置有填充物的支架中单个容纳腔的纵向剖视图；
图12为电芯温升曲线对比示意图；
图13为本申请实施方式中提供的一种电芯的制作方法的步骤流程图。
附图标记说明：
1、电芯；11、连接片；
2、支架；20、容纳腔；21、第一子支架；22、第二子支架；220、限位台阶；23、定位件；24、安装 槽；241、第一安装槽；242、第二安装槽；
3、填充物；31、第一导热胶；32、第二导热胶；
41、上盖；42、下盖；
5、电路板；
6、密封件；
26、开口端；27、第一限位部；28、第二限位部。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作详细说明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落入本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围内。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
空气是阻碍电芯传热出来的瓶颈，可以通过减少界面厚度的方式减少空气，降低热阻，但由于界面粗糙度受工艺及电芯装配工艺的限制，空气仍或多或少的存在。
本申请通过对电芯的散热结构进行优化，利用填充物将电芯与支架之间的间隙进行填充，能够有效地传递出电芯放电产生的热量，从而增加电芯放电容量，延长电池包使用时间和使用寿命。经测试表明，通过本申请对电芯散热结构的优化，电芯的使用寿命同比增加25％。
请综合参阅图1至图9或者图10至图11，本申请说明书实施方式中提供了一种电池包，该电池包主要包括：电芯1、支架2以及填充在电芯1和支架2之间的填充物3，以及电路板5、用于建立所述电池包与电动工具之间的机械和电连接的适配部，及其他必要的电性、机械连接机构等。该电池包还可以包括外壳，该支架2可以位于该外壳中，此外，该支架2也可以部分或全部作为外壳，本申请在此并不作具体的限定。
如图1或图10，在本实施方式中，该外壳可以包括对接的上盖41、下盖42。当该上盖41和下盖42对接后形成一个相对封闭的腔体，用于收容电芯1、支架2和电路板5等。
在本实施方式中，电芯1可以整体呈柱状，例如可以为圆柱形，当然，该电芯1的形状还可以根据实际需要做适应性调节，例如可以为长方体，或者近似长方体，甚至是其他异型构造。对于该电芯1的形状、构造本申请在此并不作具体的限定。在本说明书中，主要以电芯1为圆柱形进行举例说明，其他电芯1的形状可以类比参照本申请。具体的，该电芯1可以包括沿着纵长方向延伸的本体，所述本体沿着纵长方向具有分布有正极段和负极段。
该电芯1的个数以及电芯1之间的串并联方式可以根据该电芯1本身的电压以及不同的标称电压进行调整，本申请在此并不作具体的限定。具体的，该电芯1可以通过连接片11串联，或者并联，或者串联和并联相结合的方式形成电池模组。该电池模组的个数可以为一个也可以为两个及以上。
在本实施方式中，该支架2主要用于安装电芯1，支架2的内部形成有用于安装所述电芯1的若干个容纳腔20。每节电芯1至少部分地接收于对应的容纳腔20中。具体的，电芯1可以部分位于容纳腔20 中；或者，电芯1也可以全部位于容纳腔20中。
在本实施方式中，在每个电芯1的外侧面且位于所述容纳腔20的内侧设置有填充物3，该填充物3用于将电芯1产生的热量传递至容纳腔20之外。
一般的，对于电芯1通过支架2进行装配的电池包而言，电芯1与支架2之间或多或少存在着一些间隙，这些间隙在没有设置填充物3之前为空气。而空气热阻高，导热系数小，约0.023(W/m.k)，是热的不良传导体。
为了保证该填充物3替换空气后能够将电芯1的热量有效传导出，该可以对该填充物3的导热系数和填充长度等参数进行合理设置。根据热阻θ＝L/(λS)(式中：λ是导热系数，L是材料传导路径长度(此处为实施例中在电芯径向方向上的长度)，S是传热面积)，由上可知物体对热流传导的阻碍能力，与传导路径长度成正比，与通过的截面积成反比，与材料的导热系数成反比。
在本实施方式中，填充物3沿着电芯1纵长方向的设置长度与电芯1长度的比例可以不小于30％。进一步的，由于材料在径向方向上的长度越长，热阻越大。为了较佳地保证填充物3与电芯1之间的换热效果，可以适当增加填充物3在纵长方向上长度。具体的，所述填充物3沿着所述电芯1纵长方向的设置长度与所述电芯1长度的比例不小于50％。
在一些实施方式中，如图10和图11所示，该支架2可以为一体式支架；或者，在另一些实施方式中，如图2至图9所示，该支架2也可以为分体式支架。
如图2或图7所示，当该支架2为分体式支架时，所述支架2可以包括第一子支架21和第二子支架22。所述容纳腔20可以包括设置于所述第一子支架21的若干第一容纳腔，以及设置于所述第二子支架22的若干第二容纳腔，所述第一容纳腔及第二容纳腔分别用于收容至少部分电芯1，当所述第一子支架21与第二子支架22相向对接时，所述第一容纳腔与第二容纳腔一一对应，且所述电芯在其纵长方向上的外侧面完全收容于所述容纳腔内，当然，这里所说的完全收容是指所述电芯在其纵长方向上基本容纳在所述容纳腔内，基本所指的是允许有因装配间隙或工艺生产等造成的不可避免地间隙的存在的情况。。
对于分体式支架而言，如图2或图7所示，当第一子支架21与第二子支架22相向对接时，第一容纳腔与第二容纳腔相互连通且能沿电芯1纵长方向无间隙地包裹电芯1。。
以下将结合具体的实施方式和应用场景对该电池包作详细说明。
在一个实施方式中，电芯1具有纵长延伸的本体，该电芯1的本体沿着纵长方向的两端分布有正极段和负极段；填充物3设置于所述负极段和/或者正极段与所述容纳腔20的间隙内。
在本实施方式中，一般的，该负极段的长度大于该正极段的长度。相应的，设置在负极端外的子支架的容纳腔沿着电芯1纵长方向的深度大于设置在正极段外的子支架的容纳腔沿着电芯1纵长方向的深度。根据电芯1连接方式的不同，该深度不同的容纳腔可以在所述第一子支架21或在第二子支架22中对应排布。如图1所示，当电芯1之间通过串联的方式连接时，该第一子支架21中的可以间隔排列有深度不同的第一容纳腔。同样的，该第二子支架22中也可以间隔排列有深度不同的第二容纳腔。
该第一容纳腔或第二容纳腔中深度较长的容纳腔可以通过第一导热胶31零间隙地包裹在所述负极段外。此外，该第一容纳腔或第二容纳腔中深度较短的容纳腔可以通过第二导热胶32零间隙地包裹在所述电芯1的正极段外。其中，第一导热胶31和第二导热胶32可以相同，也可以不同。其中，该零间隙的包裹可以是指支架2(包括第一容纳腔、第二容纳腔)的内壁能与电芯1(包括负极段和正极段)的外壁可以部分贴合或者完全贴合，并且两者在贴合位置沿着径向没有空气间隙。
上述将支架2设置为对接的第一子支架21和第二子支架2的实施方式特别适用于电芯1的正极段和负极段的尺寸存在差异的场景。具体的，对于一些电芯1，其正极段相对负极段在径向呈凸出状，若将导热胶放进该正极段，导热胶容易溢出。针对这些电芯1可以先将负极段插入深度较长的某个子支架的容纳 腔中，后续再在正极段套装在另一个子支架深度较短的容纳腔。
此外，当负极段的长度远大于正极段时，该正极段所起到的导热作用相对而言非常有限，此时，可以省略该正极段与容纳腔20内壁之间的填充物3。例如，负极段的长度是正极段的3倍以上时，该正极段外的填充物3可以省略。也就是说，可以仅在负极段与容纳腔20内壁之间的间隙内设置填充物3。
如图2所示，在一些实施方式中，所述支架2可以具有与所述电芯1基本形状匹配的筒壁。所述电芯1与所述容纳腔20内壁之间可以间隙配合，形成有预定间隙H，当然，也不排除该电芯1与容纳腔20之间为过渡配合、过盈配合的情况，本申请说明书中，以间隙配合为例进行详细地举例说明，其他情况可以根据本申请所公开的内容进行类比参照。具体的，该容纳腔20的形状可以与该电芯1的外形基本相匹配。例如，当该电芯1整体为圆柱形时，该支架2的容纳腔20可以呈中空的筒状。
对于上述支架2的容纳腔20与电芯1匹配的实施方式而言，其主要是针对填充物3为固态，填充物3沿着电芯1的纵长方向连续分布的情况，有利于两者进行均匀换热。
在另一些实施方式中，例如填充物3为液态的场景，该容纳腔20的形状可以与电芯1的形状相匹配，也可以不与该电芯1的形状相匹配。具体的，该容纳腔20的横截面可以为任意规则或不规则的形状，本申请在此并不作具体的限定。
如图9所示，在另一些实施方式中，第一容纳腔与第二容纳腔沿所述电芯1纵长方向留有缺口，电芯1的外侧面部分从缺口外露。支架2在电芯1的纵长方向不连续分布。容纳腔20的形状、尺寸可以根据是否在支架2与电芯1之间填入填充物3，以及填充物3的类型等的不同而作适应性调整，具体的，本申请在此也并不作具体的限定。
在一些实施方式中，利用需要将电芯1所产生的热量通过支架2尽快向外传导出时，该支架2可以由导热材料制备，其能够将电芯1上的热量及时向外传导出。例如，为了保证该支架2具有良好的导热性能，所述导热材料可以选用具有较高导热率的材料。
如图2所示，在本实施方式中，填充物3包裹在每个电芯1的外侧面且位于所述容纳腔20的内侧，用于将电芯1产生的热量传递至容纳腔20之外。例如，当电芯1的外侧面与所述支架2容纳腔20的内侧面之间形成单侧的预定间隙为H时，该填充物3的单侧厚度也可以为H。具体的，该填充物3的材料可以包括导热胶或者是相变材料等。根据该填充物3的材料具体形式不同，其传递电芯1热量的方式也不同。当该填充物3的材料为导热胶时，该填充物3作为中间媒介，用于将电芯1的热量向支架2传导出。当该填充物3的材料为相变材料时，该填充物3作为吸热介质，用于将电芯1产生的热量吸收。
在一些实施方式中，当该填充物3的材料为导热胶的形式时，所述导热胶可以通过背胶、在所述支架2上设置储胶槽、二次注塑方式中的任意一种设置在所述支架2与所述电芯1之间。具体的，导热胶根据提供形态不同可以有不同的设置方式。例如，对于固态平面式导热胶脂片：可以和电芯1周圈背胶粘结后过盈装入支架2的筒壁内；对于液体胶，可以在装入电芯1时一起挤压带到预定间隙H处，当然当该预定间隙H为0时，也可以通过在支架2上设置储胶槽的方式形成容纳液体胶的空间。此外，该二次注塑方式是一种将某种塑胶原材料在一次的塑胶模具内成型后，将成型后的零件取出，放入二次成型的模具内再次注入同种或者另外一种塑胶材料成型的工艺，其同软胶的包胶工艺。
在本实施方式中，该导热胶具有较高的导热系数。具体的，该导热系数可以在1至3之间。当该填充物3的材料为导热胶时，该填充物3最核心的作用是排出电芯1与支架内壁之间形成的预定间隙H中的空气。导热胶的单侧厚度与该预定间隙H相同。例如，当该预定间隙设置为大于0小于0.5毫米时，该导热胶的单侧厚度也在0至0.5毫米之间。需要说明的是，该预定间隙H在理论上为支架2容纳腔20的孔径减去电芯1的外径后差值的一半，但是实际安装时，考虑到安装误差，可能单侧间隙会存在一定的偏差，可能会大于0.5毫米。
在一个实施方式中，所述电芯1可以包括沿着纵长方向延伸的本体，所述本体沿着纵长方向具有分布有正极段和负极段。该电芯1本体与支架2之间形成的间隙可以包括所述负极段与所述支架2之间的第一间隙；至少所述第一间隙设置有所述填充物3。
在本实施方式中，该电芯1在其纵长方向上可以分为负极段和正极段。其中，该负极段为包括负极的一段电芯，正极段为包括正极的另一段电芯。一般的，负极段为外形规则且直径较小的圆柱段，该正极段的径向尺寸大于该负极段的径向尺寸。此时，可以仅在负极段至支架2之间的第一间隙内设置填充物3。
在一个实施方式中，容纳腔20的内壁凸设有若干向电芯1延伸的定位件23。该定位件23与电芯1外侧面相抵接，用于对电芯1的周向定位。
在本实施方式中，支架2上还可以设置有定位件23，对电芯1进行定位，该定位件23能够可靠地保证电芯1定位的稳定性。如图3、图4所示，具体的，该定位件23可以为设置在所述支架2端部的多个局部刚性筋板，该局部刚性筋板可以沿着圆周方向均匀间隔分布。例如，该局部刚性筋板可以沿着圆周方向均匀地设置4个，当电芯1安装在该支架2中时，电芯1的周向与该局部刚性筋板相抵接，从而实现周向定位。当然，该定位件23的具体形式可以为与支架2材料相同的硬性材质凸起部，例如塑料凸起部等。该定位件23与电芯1之间可以周向抵接，从而对电芯1进行可靠地周向定位。当然，该定位件23的具体形式和材质等并不限于本申请说明书中的上述举例，本领域技术人员还可以作适应性的调整，本申请在此并不作具体限定。
请参阅图5、图6和图7，在另一些实施方式中，所述填充物3的材料可以包括常温下呈固态的相变材料。其中，该常温一般是指25摄氏度。
在这些实施方式中，通过在电芯1与支架2之间的预定间隙H填充导热系数约1(W/m.k)且吸热能力强的相变材料，能有效地吸收电芯1排出的热。具体的，如图8所示，所述相变材料在吸热过程中形态由固态向液体转变；或者，所述相变材料在吸热过程中形态维持固态。
具体的，对于填充物可以由不同熔程(熔程：有机物混合后的相变材料的熔点，该熔点是一个温度区间，该温度区间称为熔程)的相变材料组成。所述相变材料的熔程在40℃～70℃之间。
在本实施方式中，通过对相变材料本身和相变材料的熔程进行优选，能够达到理想的吸热效果。
具体的，由于材料传导热量需要时间，而电芯1大电流放电时瞬间散发大量热。经过测试发现：常温下某18650电芯1以工作电流30A放电时，外表面温度从60℃至75℃只需1分钟左右。假如发生相变的温度越靠近电芯1保护温度75℃左右，则吸热效率非常低，即无法将电芯1大电流放电散发出的热量及时吸收。
此外，综合参考户外工作环境温度在40℃左右，当选取熔程至少部分不同的相变材料时，其中一个熔程可以接近环境温度，另一个熔程小于电芯1保护温度。如图12所示，申请人发现：至少具有2种熔程不同的相变材料情况相对具有单一熔程的相变材料的情况，电芯1的温升曲线更平缓，能延缓电芯1到达保护温度，即能有效延长电芯1的放电时间。
在本实施方式中，当该填充物3选用相变材料时，所述相变材料在吸热过程中形态由固态向液体转变，或者维持固态。
在一个实施方式中，所述相变材料以整圈包裹的形式设置在所述电芯1与所述支架2之间。
在本实施方式中，该整圈包裹的形式具体可以为：相变材料可以在圆周方向为贯通的环状，零间隙地设置在电芯1与支架2之间。该整圈包裹的形式可以有效保证该电芯1与相变材料之间的接触面积。此时，填充物可以选用单一熔程的相变材料，也可以选择由至少两种熔程的相变材料混合形成的现编材料。
如图5和图6所示，在一个实施方式中，定位件23沿电芯1纵向延伸，相邻的定位件23之间形成安装槽24，填充物3设置于安装槽24中。
在本实施方式中，在该支架2的内壁上设置有纵长延伸的定位件23，该定位件23一方面能用于对电芯1进行周向定位，另一方面相邻两个定位件23之间形成多个相隔离的安装槽24。当在支架2上设置该定位件23后，将相变材料分隔为横截面上呈扇形的多个独立吸热区域，一方面可以提高相变材料结构的稳定性以及保证相变材料与电芯1的贴合度，防止相变材料，特别是脆性相变材料在使用过程中发生开裂等现象；另一方面可以在不同的安装槽24中灵活地设置具有不同熔程的相变材料，以提高相变材料的吸热效果。
在一个具体的实施方式中，填充物3可以包括至少2种不同的相变材料，相变材料的熔程至少部分不同，相邻的安装槽24中设置不同的相变材料。
在本实施方式中，安装槽24可以包括：第一安装槽241和第二安装槽242。第一安装槽241和第二安装槽242中相变材料的熔程不同。
其中，该第一安装槽241的个数可以为多个，该第二安装槽242的个数也可以为多个。例如，图中，该第一安装槽241和第二安装槽242的个数分别为3个。该第一安装槽241和第二安装槽242可以沿着该电芯1的圆周方向间隔分布，当该第一安装槽241和第二安装槽242内的熔程不同时，可以提高吸热效率，以提高相变材料的吸热效果，实现对电芯1温升的有效控制。
如图8或图7所示，对于所述相变材料在吸热过程中形态由固态向液体转变的情况，所述电芯1与支架2配合形成有用于安装所述相变材料的密封腔。
如图7所示，该相变材料在纵长方向的两端可以利用支架2的端部和电芯1之间的压紧配合进行密封，从而防止当相变材料转变为液态或固液混合状态时，有液态的相变材料从两者配合的端面流出。
具体的，该电芯1与该支架2之间可以在轴向压紧力的作用下形成的密封腔体。该相变材料设置在该密封腔体内，实现密封。如图7所示，该相变材料分布在直径较小的负极段，该负极段外对应的是第一子支架21，正极段外对应的是第二子支架2，该第二子支架2的内径小于所述第一子支架21的内径，使得在该第一子支架21和第二子支架2对接的位置形成限位台阶220。该相变材料安装的密封腔体的腔体厚度为该限位台阶220的高度。该密封腔体可以由第一子支架21的内壁、电芯1的外壁和限位台阶220配合形成。
此外，为了进一步保证密封的可靠性，如图8所示，在该相变材料的至少一个端部可以设置密封件6，或者在第一子支架21和第二子支架22的对接处设置密封件6。该密封件6具体可以为弹性密封垫的形式，其径向的宽度可以等于或略大于预定间隙，从而将相变材料有效地进行密封。
如图8所示，此外，在该支架2上靠近端部的位置，还可以形成有用于对电芯1进行周向定位的周向限位件。该周向限位件可以为在该支架2靠近开口端26一侧形成的第一限位部27。具体的，该第一限位部27结构形式可以参照上述定位件23，本申请在此不再赘述。当然，该第一限位部27还可以为其他可以对电芯1进行周向限位的形式，本申请在此并不作具体的限定。该支架2在背离开口端26处可以形成有第二限位部28，该第二限位部28用于对电芯1进行轴向定位。具体的，该第二限位部28可以为支架2端部设置的挡板。
在填充物3为相变材料时，其支架2可以参照上述填充物3为导热胶实施方式的具体描述，本申请在此不再展开赘述。例如，当第一子支架21长度远大于第二子支架2时，该第二子支架2中的相变材料也可以省略。
如图10和图11所示，对于所述相变材料在吸热过程中形态维持固态的情况，无需考虑相变材料转换为液态的密封性，此时，可以将支架2的结构进一步简化。该支架2为整体式支架，容纳腔20由支架2内壁围成且相互独立。
具体的，该支架2可以整体为中空的筒体，该筒体的一端设置为开口端26，该筒体的另一端设置有 用于对电芯1轴向限位的第二限位部28。具体的，该第二限位部28可以为支架2端部的挡板，或者可以为支架2内部形成的限位台阶的形式，以对电芯1进行轴向限位。装配时，可以将相变材料和电芯1安装在该筒体中至与第二限位部28抵靠，即实现安装。
请参阅图13，基于上述实施方式中所提供的电池包，本申请还提供一种电池包的制作方法，对于所述填充物3呈固态的情况，所述制作方法包括：
步骤S11：将填充物3与电芯1、支架2之一通过预定方式相组装形成第一装配体；
步骤S13：将所述第一装配体与电芯1、支架2中的另一个进行组装，形成第二装配体。
在本实施方式中，主要对于填充物3呈固态的情况展开介绍，该电池包的制作方法主要是将该填充物3与电芯1和支架2中的一个通过注塑、装配、背胶等方式中的一种相组装，形成第一装配体。后续在将该第一装配体与剩下的部分进行组装，从而形成第二装配体。最后，在将多个第二装配体电性连接，装入外壳中，形成电池包。
其中，当支架2的结构和密封件6的具体设置不同时，该电芯1的制作方法还存在一定的差异。
以下以支架2包括第一子支架21和第二子支架22为例进行阐述。具体制作时，可以先将填充物3安装进第一子支架21中形成第一装配体；接着将电芯1插入该第一装配体中；部分电芯1露出第一子支架21。然后，将设置有密封件6的第二子支架22套设在露出的电芯1外，形成第二装配体。后续，再将多个第二装配体电性连接，装入外壳中，形成电池包。
整体上，该电池包的制作方法工艺简单，制作成本低，且可靠性高，有利于提高电池包的性能、同时降低电池包的成本。
此外，对于所述填充物3呈液态的情况，所述制作方法主要可以通过注入、涂抹等方式，在电芯1与支架2之间形成填充物3。具体的，该制作方法可以包括：将电芯1与支架2进行装配，形成用于填充填充物3的空间；在形成的所述空间中注入呈液体的填充物3。后续，再将多个装配体电性连接，装入外壳中，形成电池包。
需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的和区别类似的对象，两者之间并不存在先后顺序，也不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
本说明书中的上述各个实施方式均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施方式之间相同相似部分相互参照即可，每个实施方式重点说明的都是与其他实施方式不同之处。
以上所述仅为本发明的几个实施方式，虽然本发明所揭露的实施方式如上，但所述内容只是为了便于理解本发明而采用的实施方式，并非用于限定本发明。任何本发明所属技术领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施方式的形式上及细节上作任何的修改与变化，但本发明的专利保护范围，仍须以所附权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池包，其包括：
    电池模组，包括若干电芯，所述电芯之间形成电性连接，每一电芯在其纵长延伸方向上包括外侧面；
    适配部，用于在电动工具与所述电池包之间建立机械和电连接；
    支架，所述支架的内部形成有容纳腔，所述电芯至少部分地接收于容纳腔中；
    填充物，包裹在电芯的外侧面且位于所述容纳腔的内侧，用于将电芯产生的热量传递至容纳腔之外；
    其特征在于：所述电芯的外侧面完全收容于所述容纳腔内，所述填充物沿着所述电芯纵长方向的设置长度与所述电芯长度的比例不小于30％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述填充物沿着所述电芯纵长方向的设置长度与所述电芯长度的设置比例不小于50％。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述支架设置为一体式结构。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述支架包括第一子支架和第二子支架，所述容纳腔包括设置于所述第一子支架的第一容纳腔，以及设置于所述第二子支架的第二容纳腔，所述第一容纳腔及第二容纳腔分别用于收容至少部分电芯，当所述第一子支架与第二子支架相向对接时，所述第一容纳腔与第二容纳腔相互连通且能沿电芯纵长方向包裹电芯。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述容纳腔由支架内壁围成且相互独立，每一电芯分别对应地收容于相互独立的容纳腔内。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述容纳腔内设有与电芯的外侧面接触的密封件，所述密封件的径向宽度大于等于所述电芯的外侧面与所述容纳腔内壁的间隙，所述填充物在所述电芯的纵长方向上位于所述第一子支架或所述第二子支架与所述密封件之间。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电芯具有纵长延伸的本体，所述本体沿着纵长方向分布有正极段和负极段，所述填充物设置于所述负极段和/或所述正极段与所述容纳腔内壁的间隙内。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述容纳腔的内壁凸设有若干向所述电芯延伸的定位件，所述定位件与所述电芯外侧面相抵接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述定位件沿所述电芯纵向延伸，相邻的定位件之间形成安装槽，所述填充物设置于所述安装槽中。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述填充物包括至少2种不同的相变材料，所述相变材料的熔程至少部分不同。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述填充物包括常温下呈固态的相变材料，所述相变材料在吸热过程中形态由固态向液体转变，或者维持固态。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述相变材料的熔程在40℃～70℃之间。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述填充物的材料包括导热胶，所述导热胶的导热系数在1至3之间，所述导热胶的单侧厚度在0至0.5毫米之间。
  14. 一种如权利要求1所述的电池包的制作方法，其特征在于，对于所述填充物呈固态的情况，所述制作方法包括：
    将填充物与电芯、支架之一通过预定方式相组装形成第一装配体；
    将所述第一装配体与电芯、支架中的另一个进行组装，形成第二装配体。
PCT/CN2021/104269 2020-07-03 2021-07-02 电池包及其制作方法 WO2022002255A1 (zh)

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CN101926022A (zh) * 2007-12-06 2010-12-22 法雷奥电机设备公司 包括用于接收超高电容储存单元的托架的供电设备
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