WO2022001914A1 - 耦合器、收发模块及通信系统 - Google Patents

耦合器、收发模块及通信系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022001914A1
WO2022001914A1 PCT/CN2021/102611 CN2021102611W WO2022001914A1 WO 2022001914 A1 WO2022001914 A1 WO 2022001914A1 CN 2021102611 W CN2021102611 W CN 2021102611W WO 2022001914 A1 WO2022001914 A1 WO 2022001914A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductive sheet
coupler
edge
transmission
segment
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/102611
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王超
马静言
赵壮
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022001914A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022001914A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/107—Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a coupler, a transceiver module and a communication system.
  • Terahertz (THz) communication is an emerging technology that has received much attention in recent years.
  • Using a communication device in the THz frequency band high-speed communication can be achieved within a certain distance.
  • a traditional communication device includes a transmitter chip, a coupler, and a transmission line.
  • the coupler is used to couple the signal on the transmitting chip into the transmission line.
  • the energy loss during the signal transmission process is relatively large, which reduces the data signal transmission efficiency of the communication device. Therefore, it is increasingly urgent to design a coupler with less energy loss of electromagnetic waves.
  • the present application provides a coupler, a transceiver module and a communication system capable of realizing low energy loss.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a coupler.
  • the coupler includes a dielectric plate, a first conductive sheet, a second conductive sheet, a third conductive sheet, a fourth conductive sheet, a plurality of first conductive members and a plurality of second conductive members.
  • the dielectric plate includes a first surface and a second surface facing oppositely.
  • the first conductive sheet is fixed on the first surface.
  • the second conductive sheet is fixed on the second surface.
  • the first conductive sheet includes a first transmission portion and a first radiation portion. The head end of the first radiation part is connected to the end of the first transmission part.
  • the first transmission part may also be referred to as a first transmission sub-block or a first transmission sub-slice, or the like.
  • the first radiation portion may also be referred to as a first radiation sub-block or a first radiation sub-slice or the like.
  • the second conductive sheet includes a second transmission portion and a second radiation portion.
  • the head end of the second radiation part is connected to the end of the second transmission part.
  • the second transmission portion is arranged opposite to the first transmission portion, and the end of the second transmission portion is arranged opposite to the end of the first transmission portion.
  • the second transmission part may also be referred to as a second transmission sub-block or a second transmission sub-slice.
  • the second radiation portion may also be referred to as a second radiation sub-block or a second radiation sub-slice or the like.
  • the end of the second radiation portion and the end of the first radiation portion extend in opposite directions. In this way, the two parts form an open area. Specifically, the expanded regions of the first radiation portion and the second radiation portion substantially form a three-dimensional region. The splayed region is substantially triangular in shape on the first side of the dielectric plate.
  • the third conductive sheet and the fourth conductive sheet are fixed on the first surface and are respectively located on both sides of the first transmission part. Both the third conductive sheet and the fourth conductive sheet are disposed opposite to the second transmission portion. A first gap and a second gap are formed between the third conductive sheet and the fourth conductive sheet and the first transmission part, respectively.
  • the plurality of first conductive members are arranged at intervals and arranged along an extending direction of the third conductive sheet close to the edge of the first transmission part.
  • Each of the first conductive members is embedded in the dielectric plate, and one end is connected to the third conductive sheet, and the other end is connected to the second transmission part.
  • the plurality of second conductive members are arranged at intervals and arranged along an extending direction of the fourth conductive sheet close to the edge of the first transmission part.
  • Each of the second conductive members is embedded in the dielectric plate, and one end is connected to the fourth conductive sheet, and the other end is connected to the second transmission part.
  • the length direction of the coupler is defined as the X axis, that is, the extension direction of the first transmission portion.
  • the width direction of the coupler is the Y axis.
  • the thickness direction of the coupler is the Z axis.
  • the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the first transmission part and the second transmission part to the first radiation part and the second radiation part along the positive direction of the X axis.
  • the second transmission portion can limit the Z
  • the electromagnetic waves in the axial direction are radiated outward, so that most of the electromagnetic waves are confined between the first transmission part and the second transmission part.
  • the plurality of first conductive members and the plurality of second conductive members can limit the Y-axis direction
  • the electromagnetic waves are radiated outward, so that most of the electromagnetic waves can also be bound between the plurality of first conductive members and the plurality of second conductive members. Therefore, during the transmission of electromagnetic waves along the positive direction of the X-axis, most of the electromagnetic waves are bound in the area surrounded by the first transmission part, the second transmission part, the plurality of first conductive parts and the plurality of second conductive parts, and the electromagnetic waves It is not easy to cause energy loss due to external radiation. Therefore, the coupler of this implementation has less energy loss during the transmission of electromagnetic waves.
  • the first transmission part includes a first segment, a second segment and a third segment connected in sequence.
  • the end of the third segment remote from the second segment is the end of the first transmission portion.
  • the width of the first segment is smaller than the width of the third segment.
  • the width of the second segment increases in the direction from the head end to the end of the first transport portion.
  • the first segment is used to electrically connect the signal terminals of the chip.
  • the signal end of the chip is generally connected to the first segment through a coaxial line (or a twisted pair line, etc.).
  • a coaxial line or a twisted pair line is two parallel signal lines.
  • Coaxial or twisted pair lines are also called balanced transmission lines.
  • the first conductive sheet is a single signal line, also called an unbalanced transmission line.
  • the width of the first segment is in the range of 0.07 to 0.09 mm.
  • the width of the first segment is equal to 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm or 0.09 mm. It should be understood that when the width of the first segment is within this dimension, the impedance of the first segment will not be too large. At this time, the first section can better realize impedance matching with the coaxial line.
  • the width of the third segment is in the range of 0.15 to 0.2 mm.
  • the width of the third segment is equal to 0.15 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.17 mm, 0.18 mm or 0.2 mm. It should be understood that when the width of the third segment satisfies this dimension, the difference between the impedance of the third segment and the impedance of the first radiation portion will not be too large.
  • the edge of the second segment facing the third conductive sheet is the first edge.
  • the first side is a curve. In this way, the impedance between the first section and the third section can be smoothly transitioned, so that the electromagnetic wave will not be reflected due to the sudden increase or decrease of the impedance of the second section, and the energy loss of the electromagnetic wave will not be increased. .
  • the edge of the second segment facing the fourth conductive sheet is the second side.
  • the setting of the second side is similar to the setting of the first side.
  • the first radiation portion further includes a first edge, a second edge, a third edge and a fourth edge which are connected in sequence.
  • the first edge is connected to the edge of the first transmission portion facing the fourth conductive sheet.
  • the fourth edge is connected to the edge of the first transmission portion facing the third conductive sheet.
  • the first edge is a curve.
  • the impedance in the open area also changes.
  • the edge of the opening area changes smoothly.
  • the size of the opening area also changes smoothly, so that the change of the first edge will not change the opening to a large extent. impedance of the area.
  • the distribution of electromagnetic waves in the open area is relatively uniform, and the electromagnetic waves will not lose more energy due to the sudden increase of impedance.
  • connection point between the third segment and the first edge is used as the origin of the coordinate system.
  • the first edge in this coordinate system satisfies:
  • y 1 is the ordinate of the first edge.
  • x 1 is the abscissa of the first edge.
  • W 1 is equal to half the width of the third segment.
  • the value of ⁇ 1 is in the range of 1.25 to 1.35.
  • the change of the first edge is relatively gentle.
  • the change of the edge of the open area is also relatively gentle, so that the first edge change will not change the impedance of the open area to a large extent.
  • the distribution of electromagnetic waves in the open area is relatively uniform, and the electromagnetic waves will not lose more energy due to the sudden increase of impedance.
  • the first radiation portion includes a top surface and a bottom surface facing oppositely.
  • the bottom surface is connected to the first surface of the dielectric board.
  • the coupler has a plurality of first grooves.
  • the plurality of first grooves are arranged along the third edge at intervals. The plurality of first grooves all penetrate from the top surface of the first radiation portion to the bottom surface of the first radiation portion, and the plurality of first grooves all penetrate the side surface where the third edge is located.
  • the first groove suppresses the radiation of electromagnetic waves at the end of the first radiation part, and increases the electric field radiated in the open area along the X-axis direction, thereby effectively increasing the electrical length of the coupler and reducing the The low-frequency cutoff frequency increases the operating bandwidth of the coupler.
  • the width of the first groove is in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.
  • the width of the first groove is equal to 0.1 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.19 mm or 0.2 mm.
  • connection point between the third segment and the fourth edge is used as the origin of the coordinate system.
  • the fourth edge satisfies in this coordinate system:
  • y 2 is the ordinate of the fourth edge.
  • x 2 is the abscissa of the fourth edge.
  • W 1 is equal to half the width of the third segment.
  • the value of ⁇ 2 is in the range of 3.2 to 3.35.
  • the change of the fourth edge is relatively gentle. At this time, the change of the fourth edge does not greatly change the impedance of the first radiating portion. In this way, the change in the impedance of the first radiation portion has less influence on the electromagnetic wave.
  • the width of the second edge is in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
  • the width of the second edge is equal to 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm.
  • the length of the third edge is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 millimeters.
  • the length of the third edge is equal to 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm.
  • the second radiating portion includes a fifth edge, a sixth edge, a seventh edge and an eighth edge that are connected in sequence.
  • the fifth edge is connected to the second transmission portion.
  • the eighth edge is connected to the second transmission portion.
  • the arrangement of the fifth edge is similar to the arrangement of the first edge.
  • connection point of the fifth edge and the second transmission part is taken as the origin of the coordinate system.
  • the fifth edge satisfies in this coordinate system:
  • y 3 is the ordinate of the fifth edge.
  • x 3 The abscissa of the fifth edge.
  • W 1 is equal to half the width of the third segment.
  • the value of ⁇ 3 is in the range of 1.25 to 1.35.
  • the change of the fifth edge is relatively gentle.
  • the change of the edge of the open area is also relatively gentle, so that the fifth edge change will not change the impedance of the open area to a large extent.
  • the distribution of electromagnetic waves in the open area is relatively uniform, and the electromagnetic waves will not lose more energy due to the sudden increase of impedance.
  • the origin of the coordinate system is the connection point between the eighth edge and the second transmission part.
  • the eighth edge in this coordinate system satisfies:
  • y 4 is the ordinate of the eighth edge.
  • x 4 is the abscissa of the eighth edge.
  • W 1 is equal to half the width of the third segment.
  • the value of ⁇ 4 is in the range of 3.2 to 3.35.
  • the change of the eighth edge is relatively gentle. At this time, the change of the eighth edge does not greatly change the impedance of the second radiating portion. In this way, the change in the impedance of the second radiating portion has less influence on the electromagnetic wave.
  • the coupler is provided with a plurality of second grooves spaced along the seventh edge.
  • the plurality of first grooves all penetrate the side surface where the seventh edge is located.
  • the arrangement of the second grooves is similar to that of the first grooves.
  • the width of the first slit does not change in the extending direction of the first slit.
  • This design makes the width of the first slit less affected by the impedance, so that the electromagnetic waves are evenly distributed among the first transmission part, the second transmission part, the plurality of first conductive parts and the plurality of second conductive parts, and further Minimize the energy loss of electromagnetic waves.
  • the width of the first slit is in the range of 0.07 to 0.09 mm.
  • the width of the first slit is equal to 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm or 0.08 mm.
  • the distance from the center of each of the plurality of first conductive members to the edge of the third conductive sheet close to the first transmission portion is equal.
  • This design makes the first conductive member have less influence on the impedance of the part, so that the electromagnetic waves are evenly distributed among the first transmission part, the second transmission part, the plurality of first conductive members and the plurality of second conductive members , thereby reducing the energy loss of electromagnetic waves to a greater extent.
  • the arrangement manner of the second slit is similar to the arrangement manner of the first slit.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of second conductive members is similar to the arrangement of the plurality of first conductive members.
  • the dielectric plate further includes an end face.
  • the end face is connected between the first face and the second face.
  • the end of the first radiation portion and the end of the second radiation portion are connected to the end face.
  • the coupler includes an energy concentrator.
  • the energy concentrator is connected to the end face, and the energy concentrator is facing the open area of the first radiation part and the second radiation part.
  • the energy concentrator is used for converging electromagnetic waves. Specifically, when the electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the first radiation part and the second radiation part, the electromagnetic waves can be concentrated on the energy concentrator through the open area. In this way, most of the electromagnetic waves are not easy to cause energy loss due to outward radiation.
  • the energy concentrator can also be used to connect the waveguide. Specifically, the energy concentrator can be inserted into the waveguide through the opening of the waveguide. At this point, the coupler can be stably connected to the waveguide. In addition, most of the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the energy concentrator can also enter the waveguide, thereby effectively reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the energy concentrator has the function of "multi-purpose".
  • the energy concentrator has a semi-cylindrical structure.
  • the energy concentrator protrudes in a direction away from the dielectric plate.
  • the shape of the energy concentrator is roughly the same as the shape of the electromagnetic wave, and at this time, the energy concentrator can radiate the electromagnetic wave well.
  • the shape of the energy concentrator is the same as the shape of the opening of the waveguide, which facilitates the stable and firm assembly of the energy concentrator in the waveguide.
  • the energy concentrator and the dielectric plate are integrally formed.
  • the manufacturing process of the coupler can be simplified, and the cost can be reduced.
  • the coupler further includes an energy director.
  • the energy director is fixed on the first surface and is located in the open area of the first radiation part and the second radiation part.
  • the energy diverter is used to direct electromagnetic waves to the energy concentrator. Specifically, when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the first radiation part and the second radiation part, the electromagnetic wave can be guided by the energy director to the opening area of the first radiation part and the second radiation part, and the energy can be concentrated in the opening area through the opening area. within the aggregator. In this way, most of the electromagnetic waves are not easy to cause energy loss due to outward radiation.
  • the energy director includes a first metal segment and a second metal segment.
  • the first metal segment and the second metal segment are arranged at intervals along the X-axis direction. In the Y-axis direction, the length of the second metal segment is greater than the length of the first metal segment.
  • the energy director has a gradual structure in the positive direction of the X-axis.
  • the impedance of the energy director also gradually decreases along the positive direction of the X-axis. It will be appreciated that when metal segments are provided in the flared region, the impedance in the flared region will change.
  • the energy director has a gradient structure in the positive direction of the X-axis, the impedance of the open region can also change smoothly along the positive direction of the X-axis. In this way, when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted in the open area and along the positive direction of the X-axis, the electromagnetic wave will not lose a lot of energy due to the sudden increase of the impedance. Therefore, the energy director can also reduce the loss of electromagnetic waves.
  • the energy director further includes a third metal segment.
  • the third metal segment is located on a side of the second metal segment away from the first metal segment. In the Y-axis direction, the length of the third metal segment is greater than the length of the second metal segment.
  • the energy director when the energy director further includes a third metal segment, and the length of the third metal segment is greater than the length of the second metal segment, the impedance of the opening region is positive along the X axis.
  • the change of direction is more gradual. In this way, when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted in the open area and along the positive direction of the X-axis, the electromagnetic wave will not lose a lot of energy due to the sudden increase of the impedance. Therefore, the energy director can also reduce the loss of electromagnetic waves.
  • the end of the second transmission portion protrudes from the third conductive sheet and the fourth conductive sheet.
  • the second transmission part can further guide the electromagnetic wave into the open area of the first radiation part and the second radiation part, so as to avoid the energy loss caused by the electromagnetic wave due to the outward radiation.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a transceiver module.
  • the transceiver module includes a circuit board, a chip, and the above-mentioned coupler. Both the chip and the coupler are fixed on the circuit board.
  • the first transmission portion of the first conductive sheet is electrically connected to the signal terminal of the chip.
  • the third conductive sheet is electrically connected to the first ground terminal of the chip.
  • the fourth conductive sheet is electrically connected to the second ground terminal of the chip.
  • the transceiver module when the above-mentioned coupler is applied to a transceiver module, the transceiver module has the advantages of a wider operating frequency band, less energy loss, and less signal crosstalk.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system.
  • the communication system includes a transmission line.
  • the transmission line includes a waveguide and a transceiver module as described above.
  • the number of the transceiver modules is two.
  • the waveguide is located between the two transceiver modules, and the waveguide is used for propagating electromagnetic waves between the two transceiver modules.
  • the communication system has the advantages of a wider operating frequency band, less energy loss, and less signal crosstalk.
  • the communication system further includes a first device and a second device.
  • the transmission line is connected between the first device and the second device.
  • the transmission line is used for data signal transmission between the first device and the second device. It can be understood that when a data signal is transmitted between the first device and the second device using a transmission line, the data transmission rate is faster and the energy loss is smaller.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is the partial structure schematic diagram of the first transmission line of the communication system shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partially exploded schematic view of the first transmission line shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the coupler of the first transmission line shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic view of the coupler shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the coupler shown in FIG. 4 at another angle
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the coupler shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the coupler shown in FIG. 4 on line A-A;
  • FIG. 9 is a top view of the dielectric plate of the coupler shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of the first conductive sheet of the coupler shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of the second conductive sheet of the coupler shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of the coupler shown in FIG. 4 on line A-A;
  • FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of still another embodiment of the coupler shown in FIG. 4 on line A-A;
  • FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of still another embodiment of the coupler shown in FIG. 4 on line A-A;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the coupler of the first transmission line shown in FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the dimension setting of an embodiment of the coupler shown in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the coupler shown in FIG. 16;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation of an embodiment of the coupler and the waveguide shown in FIG. 16;
  • Fig. 19 is a signal transmission simulation diagram of the coupler and the waveguide shown in Fig. 18;
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the transmission coefficient curve of the first coupler and the waveguide shown in FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the transmission coefficient curves of the first coupler, the waveguide and the second coupler shown in FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the simulation of the coupler and the waveguide shown in FIG. 16;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the coupling coefficient curve between the coupler and the waveguide shown in FIG. 22 .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system 1000 includes a first transmission line 200 , a second transmission line 300 , a first device 400 and a second device 500 .
  • the first device 400 and the second device 500 may be servers or network switches.
  • the first transmission line 200 is connected between the first device 400 and the second device 500 for data transmission (ie, sending or receiving) between the two devices.
  • the first transmission line 200 is capable of transmitting terahertz (THz) waves.
  • THz waves refer to electromagnetic waves with frequencies in the range of 0.1THz to 10THz. Since the THz wave has a higher transmission rate, the first device 400 and the second device 500 can realize high-speed communication. For example, the data signal of the first device 400 can be quickly transmitted to the second device 500 through the first transmission line 200 . vice versa.
  • the first transmission line 200 can also transmit electromagnetic waves in other frequency bands.
  • a second transmission line 300 is further disposed between the first device 400 and the second device 500 , and its function is similar to that of the first transmission line 200 , and details are not described herein again.
  • the first device 400 and the second device 500 can transmit and receive data signals simultaneously by setting the direction in which the second transmission line 300 transmits data opposite to the direction in which the first transmission line 200 transmits data.
  • the first transmission line 200 is used to transmit the data signal of the first device 400 to the second device 500 .
  • the second transmission line 300 is used to transmit the data signal of the second device 500 to the first device 400 .
  • FIG. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the first transmission line 200 of the communication system 1000 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the first transmission line 200 includes a first transceiver module 100 , a waveguide 110 and a second transceiver module 120 .
  • the first transceiver module 100 is electrically connected to the first device 400 .
  • the second transceiver module 120 is electrically connected to the second device 500 .
  • the structure of the first transceiver module 100 and the structure of the second transceiver module 120 may be the same.
  • the waveguide 110 is located between the first transceiver module 100 and the second transceiver module 120 .
  • the waveguide 110 is used for propagating electromagnetic waves between the first transceiver module 100 and the second transceiver module 120 .
  • the first transceiver module 100 receives the data signal of the first device 400 and processes the data signal. The processed signal is then transmitted to the waveguide 110 .
  • the waveguide 110 transmits the signal to the second transceiver module 120 .
  • the second transceiver module 120 receives the signal and transmits the processed signal to the second device 500 .
  • the process of transmitting the data signal from the second device 500 to the first device 400 is similar, and details are not repeated here.
  • the waveguide 110 may be a plastic waveguide 110 .
  • the cost of the plastic waveguide 110 is relatively cheap, which can reduce the manufacturing cost of the first transmission line 200 , so that the mass production of the first transmission line 200 is easier.
  • the plastic waveguide 110 may be a rectangular waveguide, a circular waveguide, or a semicircular waveguide or the like. In other embodiments, the waveguide 110 may also be a metal waveguide 110 .
  • FIG. 3 is a partially exploded schematic view of the first transmission line 200 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the first transceiver module 100 includes a circuit board 10 , a chip 20 and a coupler 30 .
  • the chip 20 is fixed on the circuit board 10 .
  • the chip 20 is electrically connected to the first device 400 (refer to FIG. 1 ).
  • the circuit board 10 may be a rigid circuit board, a flexible circuit board, or a flex-rigid circuit board or the like.
  • the circuit board 10 may be a FR-4 dielectric board, a Rogers (Rogers) dielectric board, or a mixed media board of FR-4 and Rogers.
  • FR-4 is the code name of a grade of fire-resistant materials.
  • Rogers dielectric board is a high frequency board.
  • the chip 20 may be configured to process the data signal after receiving the data signal from the first device 400 , and transmit the processed signal to coupler 30.
  • the chip 20 may be configured to process the signal after receiving the signal from the coupler 30 , and transmit the processed signal to the first device 400 .
  • a signal processing circuit may be provided on the circuit board 10, wherein the signal processing circuit may include a capacitor, an inductor or a resistor.
  • the chip 20 is assisted in signal processing by a signal processing circuit.
  • the coupler 30 is fixed to the circuit board 10 .
  • the coupler 30 is electrically connected to the chip 20 .
  • One end of the coupler 30 faces the waveguide 110 .
  • the coupler 30 can be used to couple the processed signal of the chip 20 into the waveguide 110 .
  • the coupler 30 can also be used to transmit the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the waveguide 110 to the chip 20 .
  • the coupler 30 has the function of bidirectionally transmitting signals.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the coupler 30 of the first transmission line 200 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic view of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the length direction of the coupler 30 is defined as the X axis.
  • the width direction of the coupler 30 is the Y axis.
  • the thickness direction of the coupler 30 is the Z axis.
  • the coupler 30 includes a dielectric plate 31 , a first conductive sheet 32 , a second conductive sheet 33 (mainly referring to FIG. 5 ), an energy concentrator 34 , an energy director 35 , a third conductive sheet 36 , and a fourth conductive sheet 37 , a plurality of first conductive members 381 and a plurality of second conductive members 382 .
  • the medium plate 31 may be a Megtron6 medium plate, an FR-4 medium plate, a Rogers (Rogers) medium plate, or a mixed medium plate of FR-4 and Rogers.
  • the dielectric plate 31 includes a first surface 311 and a second surface 312 facing oppositely (mainly referring to FIG. 5 ). The direction in which the second surface 312 points to the first surface 311 is the positive direction of the Z axis.
  • the first conductive sheet 32 is fixed on the first surface 311 .
  • the material of the first conductive sheet 32 may be gold, silver, copper or graphene.
  • the first conductive sheet 32 includes a first transmission part 321 and a first radiation part 322 .
  • FIG. 4 schematically distinguishes the first transmission part 321 and the first radiation part 322 by dashed lines.
  • the first transmission part 321 may also be referred to as a first transmission sub-block or a first transmission sub-slice, or the like.
  • the first radiation portion 322 may also be referred to as a first radiation sub-block or a first radiation sub-slice, or the like.
  • the first transmission part 321 extends along the positive direction of the X-axis. It can be understood that the extending direction of the first transmission part 321 may not be completely parallel to the positive direction of the X-axis. For example, the first transmission portion 321 may also extend at an angle (eg, 3°, 5°, 10°, or 15°, etc.) offset from the X-axis.
  • the head end of the first radiation part 322 is connected to the end of the first transmission part 321 .
  • the end of the first radiation part 322 extends in the positive direction of the Y-axis.
  • the signal passes through the head end of the first transmission part 321 , the end of the first transmission part 321 , and the head end of the first radiation part 322 in sequence. end and the end of the first radiating portion 322 .
  • the head end of the first transmission part 321 is a part of the input end of the coupler 30 .
  • the end of the first radiating portion 322 is part of the output of the coupler 30 .
  • the input end is the end of the signal input in the coupler 30 .
  • the output terminal is the terminal of the signal output in the coupler 30 .
  • the head end of the first transmission portion 321 is a part of the output end of the coupler 30 .
  • the end of the first radiating portion 322 is part of the input of the coupler 30 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 at another angle.
  • the second conductive sheet 33 is fixed on the second surface 312 .
  • the material of the second conductive sheet 33 may be gold, silver, copper or graphene.
  • the second conductive sheet 33 includes a second transmission part 331 and a second radiation part 332 .
  • FIG. 6 schematically distinguishes the second transmission part 331 and the second radiation part 332 by dashed lines.
  • the second transmission part 331 may also be referred to as a second transmission sub-block or a second transmission sub-slice.
  • the second radiation portion 332 may also be referred to as a second radiation sub-block or a second radiation sub-slice, or the like.
  • the extension direction of the second transmission part 331 is similar to the extension direction of the first transmission part 321 . It is not repeated here.
  • the head end of the second radiation part 332 is connected to the end of the second transmission part 331 .
  • the end of the second radiation portion 332 extends in the negative direction of the Y-axis. It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the head end of the second transmission part 331 is a part of the input end of the coupler 30 .
  • the end of the second radiating portion 332 is part of the output of the coupler 30 .
  • the head end of the second transmission part 331 may also be a part of the output end of the coupler 30 .
  • the end of the second radiating portion 332 may also be part of the input end of the coupler 30 .
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 . It should be noted that since the second conductive sheet 33 is located on the second surface 312 of the dielectric plate 31 (see FIG. 5 ), the second conductive sheet 33 cannot be seen from the perspective of FIG. 7 . At this time, FIG. 7 simply illustrates the second conductive sheet 33 by dashed lines.
  • the second transmission part 331 is disposed opposite to the first transmission part 321 . In addition, the end of the second transmission part 331 is disposed opposite to the end of the first transmission part 321 .
  • the two portions form an open area 301 .
  • the first radiation portion 322 and the second radiation portion 332 are located in two different surfaces of the dielectric plate 31 .
  • the expanded regions 301 of the first radiation portion 322 and the second radiation portion 332 substantially form a three-dimensional region.
  • the shape of the opening area 301 on the first surface 311 of the dielectric plate 31 is substantially triangular.
  • the width of the flared region 301 increases along the X-axis direction.
  • first transmission part 321 , the second transmission part 331 and the dielectric plate 31 corresponding to the first transmission part 321 and the second transmission part 331 constitute a part of the input end of the coupler 30 .
  • the first radiation part 322 , the second radiation part 332 , and the dielectric plate 31 corresponding to the first radiation part 322 and the second radiation part 332 constitute a part of the output end of the coupler 30 .
  • Other structures of the input end of the coupler 30 will be described in detail below with reference to the related drawings.
  • the third conductive sheet 36 and the fourth conductive sheet 37 are both fixed on the first surface 311 .
  • the third conductive sheet 36 and the fourth conductive sheet 37 are respectively located on both sides of the first transmission portion 321 .
  • the material of the third conductive sheet 36 and the fourth conductive sheet 37 may be gold, silver, copper or graphene.
  • a first gap 361 is formed between the third conductive sheet 36 and the first transmission part 321 .
  • a second gap 371 is formed between the fourth conductive sheet 37 and the first transmission part 321 .
  • the third conductive sheet 36 and the fourth conductive sheet 37 are both disposed opposite to the second transmission portion 331 .
  • the distal end of the second transmission portion 331 protrudes with respect to the third conductive sheet 36 and the fourth conductive sheet 37 .
  • the end of the second transmission part 331 may also be flush with the third conductive sheet 36 and the fourth conductive sheet 37 .
  • the plurality of first conductive members 381 are spaced apart and arranged along the extending direction of the third conductive sheet 36 close to the edge of the first transmission portion 321 . It should be understood that the plurality of first conductive members 381 are not completely parallel to the extending direction of the third conductive sheet 36 near the edge of the first transmission part 321 .
  • the material of the first conductive member 381 may be gold, silver or copper.
  • the material of the first conductive member 381 may be the same as or different from that of the third conductive sheet 36 or the fourth conductive sheet 37 .
  • FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 along the line A-A.
  • the first conductive member 381 is a solid structure. Each of the first conductive members 381 is embedded in the dielectric plate 31 , one end is connected to the third conductive sheet 36 , and the other end is connected to the second transmission portion 331 .
  • the first conductive member 381 may be formed by the following method. Specifically, a plurality of first holes 391 are opened on the coupler 30 . The number of the first holes 391 is not limited to the four illustrated in FIG. 8 . Each of the first holes 391 penetrates through the third conductive sheet 36 , the dielectric plate 31 and the second transmission part 331 in sequence.
  • a conductive material is filled or injection molded into each of the first holes 391 .
  • the conductive material may be copper paste, silver paste, or the like. After the conductive material in the first hole 391 is cured, a solid first conductive member 381 is formed. In this way, the third conductive sheet 36 , the plurality of first conductive members 381 and the second transmission part 331 form an integral body.
  • the plurality of second conductive members 382 are spaced apart and arranged along the extending direction of the fourth conductive sheet 37 close to the edge of the first transmission portion 321 . It should be understood that the plurality of second conductive members 382 are not completely parallel to the extending direction of the fourth conductive sheet 37 near the edge of the first transmission part 321 .
  • the material of the second conductive member 382 can be gold, silver or copper. The material of the second conductive member 382 may be the same as or different from that of the first conductive member 381 .
  • each of the second conductive members 382 is embedded in the dielectric plate 31 , and one end is connected to the fourth conductive sheet 37 , and the other end is connected to the second transmission portion 331 .
  • the second conductive member 382 is formed in a manner similar to that of the first conductive member 381 . It is not repeated here. In this way, the third conductive sheet 36 , the fourth conductive sheet 37 , the plurality of first conductive members 381 , the plurality of second conductive members 382 and the second conductive sheet 33 form a whole.
  • the connection relationship between the coupler 30 and the chip 20 (see FIG. 3 ): the first transmission portion 321 of the first conductive sheet 32 is electrically connected to the signal terminal of the chip 20 .
  • the first transmission part 321 may be electrically connected to the signal end of the chip 20 by means of a coaxial line or a microstrip line.
  • the third conductive sheet 36 and the fourth conductive sheet 37 may be electrically connected to the first ground terminal and the second ground terminal of the chip 20 by means of coaxial lines or microstrip lines, respectively.
  • the third conductive sheet 36 , the fourth conductive sheet 37 , the plurality of first conductive members 381 , the plurality of second conductive members 382 and the second conductive sheet 33 are integral, when the third conductive sheet 36 and the fourth conductive sheet After the conductive sheet 37 is grounded, the plurality of first conductive members 381 , the plurality of second conductive members 382 and the second conductive sheet 33 are also in a grounded state.
  • the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the first transmission part 321 and the second transmission part 331 to the first radiation part 322 and the second radiation part 332 along the positive direction of the X axis.
  • the third conductive sheet 36 , the fourth conductive sheet 37 , the plurality of first conductive members 381 , the plurality of second conductive members 382 and the second conductive sheet 33 are all in the grounded state, on the one hand, the second conductive sheet
  • the transmission part 331 can restrict the electromagnetic waves in the Z-axis direction from radiating outward, so that most of the electromagnetic waves are bound between the first transmission part 321 and the second transmission part 331 .
  • the second conductive members 382 can restrict the electromagnetic waves in the Y-axis direction from radiating outward, so that most of the electromagnetic waves can also be bound between the plurality of first conductive members 381 and the plurality of second conductive members 382 . Therefore, during the transmission of the electromagnetic waves along the positive direction of the X-axis, most of the electromagnetic waves are bounded by the first transmission part 321 , the second transmission part 331 , the plurality of first conductive parts 381 and the plurality of second conductive parts 382 . In the area of the electromagnetic wave is not easy to cause energy loss due to outward radiation. Therefore, the coupler 30 of this embodiment has less energy loss during the transmission of electromagnetic waves.
  • the distal end of the second transmission portion 331 protrudes in the positive direction of the X-axis relative to the third conductive sheet 36 and the fourth conductive sheet 37 .
  • the second transmission part 331 can further guide the electromagnetic wave into the open area 301 of the first radiation part 322 and the second radiation part 332, so as to avoid energy loss caused by the electromagnetic wave being radiated outward.
  • the dielectric plate 31 further includes an end surface 313 .
  • the end surface 313 is connected between the first surface 311 and the second surface 312 .
  • the end of the first radiation portion 322 and the end of the second radiation portion 332 are connected to the end face 313 .
  • the energy concentrator 34 is connected to the end surface 313 of the dielectric plate 31 , and the energy concentrator 34 protrudes along the positive direction of the X-axis.
  • the energy concentrator 34 is facing the open area 301 of the first radiation part 322 and the second radiation part 332 .
  • the energy concentrator 34 can be used to condense electromagnetic waves. Specifically, when the electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the first radiation portion 322 and the second radiation portion 332 , the electromagnetic waves can be converged on the energy concentrator 34 through the open area 301 . In this way, most of the electromagnetic waves are not easy to cause energy loss due to outward radiation.
  • the energy concentrator 34 can also be used to connect the waveguide 110 (see FIG. 3 ). Specifically, the energy concentrator 34 can be inserted into the waveguide 110 through the opening of the waveguide 110 . At this time, the coupler 30 can be stably connected to the waveguide 110 . In addition, most of the electromagnetic waves transmitted out of the energy concentrator 34 can also enter the waveguide 110 , thereby effectively reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic waves. In this embodiment, the energy concentrator 34 has the function of "multiple uses for one thing".
  • the energy concentrator 34 has a semi-cylindrical structure.
  • the shape of the energy concentrator 34 is substantially the same as the shape of the electromagnetic wave, so that the energy concentrator 34 can better radiate the electromagnetic wave.
  • the shape of the energy concentrator 34 is the same as the shape of the opening of the waveguide 110 , which facilitates the stable and firm assembly of the energy concentrator 34 in the waveguide 110 .
  • the energy concentrator 34 may also be configured as a triangular prism or a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the energy concentrator 34 and the dielectric plate 31 are integrally formed. In this case, the manufacturing process of the coupler 30 can be simplified and the cost is lower.
  • the energy concentrator 34 can be fixedly connected to the end face 313 of the dielectric plate 31 by adhesive.
  • the material of the energy concentrator 34 may also be different from the material of the dielectric plate 31 .
  • the radius of the energy concentrator 34 is in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.
  • the radius of the energy concentrator 34 is equal to 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.25 mm or 0.3 mm.
  • the coupler 30 may not be provided with the energy concentrator 34 .
  • the flared regions 301 of the first radiation portion 322 and the second radiation portion 332 face the opening of the waveguide 110 directly, so that electromagnetic waves are coupled into the waveguide 110 through the flared regions 301 .
  • the energy director 35 is fixed on the first surface 311 , and the energy director 35 faces the energy concentrator 34 .
  • the material of the energy director 35 is metal material.
  • the material of the energy director 35 is copper, gold or silver.
  • the material of the energy director 35 may also be a non-metallic conductive material, such as graphene.
  • the energy director 35 is located in the open area 301 of the first radiation part 322 and the second radiation part 332 .
  • the energy diverter 35 is used to direct the electromagnetic waves to the energy concentrator 34 .
  • the electromagnetic wave can be guided by the energy director 35 into the open area 301 of the first radiation part 322 and the second radiation part 332,
  • the flared region 301 converges within the energy concentrator 34 . In this way, most of the electromagnetic waves are not easy to cause energy loss due to outward radiation.
  • the energy director 35 includes a first metal segment 351 , a second metal segment 352 and a third metal segment 353 which are sequentially spaced along the X-axis direction.
  • the length of the second metal segment 352 is greater than the length of the first metal segment 351 and is less than the length of the third metal segment 353 .
  • the energy director 35 is roughly in the shape of a "three" shape.
  • the energy director 35 has a gradient structure in the positive direction of the X-axis.
  • the impedance of the energy director 35 also gradually decreases along the positive direction of the X-axis. It can be understood that when a metal segment is provided in the flared region 301, the impedance in the flared region 301 will change. At this time, when the energy director 35 has a gradient structure in the positive direction of the X-axis, the impedance of the open region 301 can also change smoothly along the positive direction of the X-axis. In this way, when the electromagnetic wave propagates in the open area 301 and along the positive direction of the X-axis, the electromagnetic wave will not lose much energy due to the sudden increase of impedance. Therefore, the energy director 35 of this embodiment can also reduce the loss of electromagnetic waves.
  • the length of the first metal segment 351 , the length of the second metal segment 352 and the length of the third metal segment 353 may not be specifically limited.
  • the energy director 35 may also not include the third metal segment 353 .
  • the coupler 30 may not be provided with the energy director 35 .
  • the specific arrangement of each part of the coupler 30 will be described in detail below with reference to the related drawings.
  • the width of the first slit 361 does not change in the extending direction of the first slit 361 .
  • the influence of the width of the first slit 361 on the impedance of the part smaller, so that the electromagnetic waves are evenly distributed among the first transmission part 321, the second transmission part 331, the plurality of first conductive parts 381 and the plurality of second conductive parts 382, thereby reducing the energy loss of electromagnetic waves to a greater extent .
  • the width of the first slit 361 is in the range of 0.07 mm to 0.09 mm.
  • the width of the first slit 361 is equal to 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm or 0.08 mm.
  • the distance from the center of each of the plurality of first conductive members 381 to the edge of the third conductive sheet 36 close to the first transmission part 321 is equal.
  • the first conductive parts 381 have a relatively small influence on the impedance of the part. Therefore, the electromagnetic waves are evenly distributed among the first transmission part 321 , the second transmission part 331 , the plurality of first conductive members 381 and the plurality of second conductive members 382 , thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic waves to a greater extent.
  • the arrangement of the second slits 371 is similar to the arrangement of the first slits 361 . It is not repeated here.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of second conductive members 382 is similar to the arrangement of the plurality of first conductive members 381 . It is not repeated here.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of the dielectric plate 31 of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the dielectric board 31 includes a first part 314 , a second part 315 and a third part 316 which are connected in sequence, that is, the second part 315 of the dielectric board 31 is connected between the first part 314 of the dielectric board 31 and the third part 316 of the dielectric board 31 . between.
  • FIG. 9 schematically distinguishes the first part 314 of the dielectric plate 31 , the second part 315 of the dielectric plate 31 and the third part 316 of the dielectric plate 31 by dashed lines.
  • FIG. 9 schematically distinguishes the first part 314 of the dielectric plate 31 , the second part 315 of the dielectric plate 31 and the third part 316 of the dielectric plate 31 by dashed lines.
  • FIG. 9 schematically distinguishes the first part 314 of the dielectric plate 31 , the second part 315 of the dielectric plate 31 and the third part 316 of the dielectric plate
  • the first portion 314 of the dielectric plate 31 can be used to fix most of the first transmission portion 321 and the second transmission portion 331 .
  • the third portion 316 of the dielectric plate 31 may be used to hold most of the first radiating portion 322 , and most of the second radiating portion 332 .
  • the width of the first portion 314 of the dielectric plate 31 is d1.
  • the width of the second portion 315 of the dielectric plate 31 is d2.
  • the width of the third portion 316 of the dielectric plate 31 is d3.
  • d1 is less than d3.
  • d2 increases in the positive direction of the X axis. It can be understood that by setting d1 to be smaller than d3, while ensuring that the first part 314 of the dielectric board 31 can provide enough space for the first transmission part 321 and the second transmission part 331 to transmit signals, the dielectric board 31 can also be relatively small. Minimized size enables miniaturized designs.
  • the width d1 of the first portion 314 of the dielectric plate 31 is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • d1 is equal to 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.77 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, or 1.5 mm, etc.
  • the width d3 of the third portion 316 of the dielectric plate 31 is in the range of 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • d2 is equal to 1 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.27 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm or 2 mm, etc.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of the first conductive sheet 32 of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the first transmission part 321 includes a first segment 3211 , a second segment 3212 and a third segment 3213 connected in sequence, that is, the second segment 3212 is connected between the first segment 3211 and the third segment 3213 .
  • the third segment 3213 is connected to the first radiation part 322 , that is, the end of the third segment 3213 away from the second segment 3212 is the end of the first transmission part 321 .
  • the first segment 3211 is electrically connected to the signal terminal of the chip 20 (refer to FIG. 3 ).
  • the width of the first segment 3211 is d4.
  • the width of the second segment 3212 is d5.
  • the width of the third segment 3213 is d6.
  • d4 is less than d6.
  • d5 increases along the positive direction of the X axis.
  • the signal end of the chip 20 is generally connected to the first segment 3211 through a coaxial line (or a twisted pair line, etc.).
  • a coaxial line or a twisted pair line is two parallel signal lines.
  • Coaxial or twisted pair lines are also called balanced transmission lines.
  • the first conductive sheet 32 is a single signal line, also called an unbalanced transmission line.
  • the width d5 of the second section 3212 is set to increase along the X-axis direction, so that the impedance between the coaxial line and the first radiating portion 322 is matched, so as to realize the balance between the balanced transmission line and the unbalanced transmission line. Therefore, the signal wave transmitted by the coaxial line is transmitted to the first radiating part 322 in a manner of maximizing energy.
  • the width d4 of the first segment 3211 is in the range of 0.07 to 0.09 mm.
  • d4 is equal to 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm or 0.09 mm. It can be understood that when the width d4 of the first segment 322 is within this dimension, the impedance of the first segment 322 will not be too large. At this time, the impedance of the first section 322 can be better matched with the impedance of the coaxial line.
  • the width d6 of the third segment 3213 is in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.2 mm.
  • d6 is equal to 0.15 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.17 mm, 0.18 mm or 0.2 mm. It can be understood that when the width d6 of the third segment 3213 satisfies this dimension, the difference between the impedance of the third segment 3213 and the impedance of the first radiating portion 322 will not be too large.
  • the edge of the second segment 3212 facing the third conductive sheet 36 (please refer to FIG. 7 ) is the first edge 3214 .
  • the first side 3214 is a curve. In this way, the impedance between the first section 3211 and the third section 3213 can be smoothly transitioned, so that the electromagnetic wave will not be reflected due to the sudden increase or decrease of the impedance of the second section 3212, which increases the energy loss of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the first side 3214 may also be a straight line.
  • the edge of the second segment 3212 facing the fourth conductive sheet 37 is the second side 3215 .
  • the setting of the second side 3215 is similar to that of the first side 3214 . It is not repeated here.
  • the first radiation portion 322 includes a first edge 3221 , a second edge 3222 , a third edge 3223 and a fourth edge 3224 which are connected in sequence.
  • the head end of the first edge 3221 is connected to the edge of the third segment 3213 facing the fourth conductive sheet 37 (mainly referring to FIG. 7 ).
  • the end of the fourth edge 3224 away from the third edge 3223 is connected to the edge of the third segment 3213 facing the third conductive sheet 36 (mainly referring to FIG. 7 ).
  • the first edge 3221 is a curve. It can be understood that when the size of the open area 301 (mainly referring to FIG. 7 ) changes, the impedance in the open area 301 also changes. By setting the first edge 3221 as a curve, the edge of the open area 301 changes smoothly. At this time, the size of the open area 301 also changes gently, so that the change of the first edge 3221 will not be greatly changed. ground to change the impedance of the flared region 301 . The distribution of the electromagnetic waves in the open area 301 is relatively uniform, and the electromagnetic waves will not lose a lot of energy due to the sudden increase of the impedance. In other embodiments, the first edge 3221 may also be a straight line.
  • the width d7 of the second edge 3222 is in the range of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • d7 is equal to 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm.
  • the length L1 of the third edge 3223 is in the range of 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm.
  • L1 equals 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm.
  • connection point between the third segment 3213 and the first edge 3221 is taken as the origin of the coordinate system.
  • the first edge 3221 satisfies in this coordinate system:
  • y 1 is the ordinate of the first edge 3221 .
  • x 1 is the abscissa of the first edge 3221 .
  • W 1 is equal to half the width d6 of the third segment 3213 .
  • the value of ⁇ 1 is in the range of 1.25 to 1.35.
  • the change of the first edge 3221 is relatively gentle.
  • the change of the edge of the open area 301 is also relatively gentle, so that the change of the first edge 3221 will not greatly change the impedance of the open area 301 .
  • the distribution of the electromagnetic waves in the open area 301 is relatively uniform, and the electromagnetic waves will not lose a lot of energy due to the sudden increase of the impedance. It should be understood that, in other embodiments, the first edge 3221 may also satisfy other relational expressions in this coordinate system.
  • connection point of the third segment 3213 and the fourth edge 3224 is taken as the origin of the coordinate system.
  • the fourth edge 3224 satisfies in this coordinate system:
  • y 2 is the ordinate of the fourth edge 3224 .
  • x 2 is the abscissa of the fourth edge 3224.
  • W 1 is equal to half the width d6 of the third segment 3213 .
  • the value of ⁇ 2 is in the range of 3.2 to 3.35.
  • the change of the fourth edge 3224 is relatively gentle. At this time, the change of the fourth edge 3224 does not greatly change the impedance of the first radiating portion 322 . In this way, the change in the impedance of the first radiation portion 322 has less influence on the electromagnetic wave.
  • the fourth edge 3224 may also satisfy other relational expressions in this coordinate system.
  • the first radiation portion 322 includes a top surface 323 and a bottom surface 324 facing oppositely (mainly referring to FIG. 5 ).
  • the bottom surface 324 of the first radiation portion 322 is connected to the first surface 311 (mainly referring to FIG. 5 ) of the dielectric plate 31 (mainly referring to FIG. 5 ).
  • the coupler 30 has a plurality of first grooves 3225 .
  • the number of the first grooves 3225 is not limited to the three shown in FIG. 10 .
  • a plurality of first grooves 3225 are arranged along the third edge 3223 at intervals. The plurality of first grooves 3225 all penetrate from the top surface 323 of the first radiation portion 322 to the bottom surface 324 of the first radiation portion 322 , and the plurality of first grooves 3225 all penetrate the side surface of the third edge 3223 .
  • the first grooves 3225 suppress the radiation of electromagnetic waves at the end of the first radiation portion 322, and increase the electric field radiated by the open region 301 along the X-axis direction, thereby The electrical length of the coupler 30 is effectively increased, the low-frequency cut-off frequency of the coupler 30 is reduced, and the operating bandwidth of the coupler 30 is increased.
  • the width L2 of the first groove 3225 ranges from 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
  • L2 is equal to 0.1 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.19 mm or 0.2 mm.
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of the second conductive sheet 33 of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the second radiation portion 332 includes a fifth edge 3321 , a sixth edge 3322 , a seventh edge 3323 and an eighth edge 3324 which are connected in sequence.
  • the fifth edge 3321 is connected to the second transmission part 331 .
  • the eighth edge 3324 is connected to the second transmission portion 331 .
  • the arrangement of the fifth edge 3321 is similar to the arrangement of the first edge 3221 . I won't go into details here.
  • connection point of the fifth edge 3321 and the second transmission part 331 is taken as the origin of the coordinate system.
  • the fifth edge 3321 satisfies in this coordinate system:
  • y 3 is the ordinate of the fifth edge 3321 .
  • x 3 The abscissa of the fifth edge 3321.
  • W 1 is equal to half the width d6 of the third segment 3213 (see FIG. 10 ).
  • the value of ⁇ 3 is in the range of 1.25 to 1.35.
  • the change of the fifth edge 3321 is relatively gentle.
  • the change of the edge of the open area 301 is also relatively gentle, so that the change of the fifth edge 3321 will not change the impedance of the open area 301 to a great extent.
  • the distribution of the electromagnetic waves in the open area 301 is relatively uniform, and the electromagnetic waves will not lose a lot of energy due to the sudden increase of the impedance.
  • the fifth edge 3321 may also satisfy other relational expressions in this coordinate system.
  • the origin of the coordinate system is the connection point between the eighth edge 3324 and the second transmission part 331 .
  • the eighth edge 3324 satisfies in this coordinate system:
  • y 4 is the ordinate of the eighth edge 3324 .
  • x 4 is the abscissa of the eighth edge 3324 .
  • W 1 is equal to half the width d6 of the third segment 3213 (see FIG. 10 ).
  • the value of ⁇ 4 is in the range of 3.2 to 3.35.
  • the eighth edge 3324 when the eighth edge 3324 satisfies the above relationship, the change of the eighth edge 3324 is relatively gentle. At this time, the change of the eighth edge 3324 does not change the impedance of the second radiating portion 332 to a large extent. In this way, the change in the impedance of the second radiating portion 332 has less influence on the electromagnetic wave. In other embodiments, the eighth edge 3324 may also satisfy other relational expressions in this coordinate system.
  • the coupler 30 is provided with a plurality of second grooves 3325.
  • a plurality of second grooves 3325 are arranged along the seventh edge 3323 at intervals.
  • the plurality of first grooves 3225 all penetrate the side surface of the seventh edge 3323 .
  • the arrangement of the second grooves 3225 is similar to that of the first grooves 3225 . It is not repeated here.
  • the width d8 of the sixth edge 3322 is similar to the width d7 of the second edge 3222 in the Y-axis direction. It is not repeated here.
  • the length L3 of the seventh edge 3323 is similar to the length L1 of the third edge 3223 . It is not repeated here.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 on the A-A line.
  • the first conductive member 381 is a hollow structure. Specifically, by opening a plurality of first holes 391 on the coupler 30 . Each of the first holes 391 penetrates through the third conductive sheet 36 , the dielectric plate 31 and the second transmission part 331 in sequence. A layer of conductive material is deposited on the hole wall of each first hole 391 .
  • the conductive material may be copper, silver, or the like.
  • a hollow first conductive member 381 is formed. In this way, the third conductive sheet 36 , the plurality of first conductive members 381 and the second conductive sheet 33 (refer to FIG. 5 ) form a whole.
  • FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of still another embodiment of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 on the A-A line.
  • the first conductive member 381 is a solid structure, and the first conductive member 381 is located between the third conductive sheet 36 and the second transmission portion 331 . Specifically, by opening a plurality of first holes 391 on the medium plate 31 . A conductive material is filled or injection molded into each of the first holes 391 .
  • the conductive material may be copper paste, silver paste, or the like. After the conductive material in the first hole 391 is cured, a solid first conductive member 381 is formed.
  • One end of the first conductive member 381 is connected to the third conductive sheet 36, and the other end is connected to the second transmission part 331.
  • the third conductive sheet 36 , the plurality of first conductive members 381 and the second conductive sheet 33 form a whole.
  • FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of still another embodiment of the coupler shown in FIG. 4 on the A-A line.
  • the first conductive member 381 is a hollow structure, and the first conductive member 381 is located between the third conductive sheet 36 and the second transmission portion 331 .
  • a layer of conductive material is deposited on the hole wall of each first hole 391 .
  • the conductive material may be copper, silver, or the like. After the conductive material in the first hole 391 is cured, a hollow first conductive member 381 is formed.
  • One end of the first conductive member 381 is connected to the third conductive sheet 36 , and the other end is connected to the second transmission part 331 .
  • the third conductive sheet 36 , the plurality of first conductive members 381 and the second conductive sheet 33 form a whole.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the coupler 30 of the first transmission line 200 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the energy director 35 is elongated, and the width of the energy director 35 decreases along the positive direction of the X-axis. At this time, the energy director 35 has a gradual structure in the positive direction of the X-axis.
  • the impedance of the energy director 35 also increases gradually along the positive direction of the X-axis.
  • This design can enable the impedance of the open region 301 to change smoothly along the positive direction of the X-axis. At this time, when the electromagnetic wave propagates in the open region 301 and along the positive direction of the X-axis, the electromagnetic wave will not lose a lot of energy due to a sudden increase in impedance. Therefore, the energy director 35 of this embodiment can also reduce the loss of electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the dimensioning of an embodiment of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the size parameters of the coupler 30 are set as follows.
  • the width d1 of the first portion 314 of the dielectric plate 31 is 1 mm.
  • the width d3 of the third portion 316 of the dielectric plate 31 is 2 mm.
  • the width d4 of the first segment 3211 is 0.1 mm.
  • the width d6 of the third segment 3213 is 0.3 mm.
  • the width d7 of the second edge 3222 is 0.3 mm.
  • the length L1 of the third edge 3223 is 1.2 mm.
  • the width L2 of the first groove 3225 is 0.15 mm.
  • the width d8 of the sixth edge 3322 is 0.3 mm.
  • the length L3 of the seventh edge 3323 is 1.2 mm.
  • FIG. 17 is a graph showing the reflection coefficient of the coupler 30 shown in FIG. 16 .
  • 17 is the operating frequency of the coupler 30, referred to as frequency, in GHz, and the ordinate is the reflection coefficient (also called return loss or S11) of the coupler 30, in dB.
  • the operating frequency band of the coupler 30 is approximately in the range of 110 GHz to 150 GHz.
  • the working bandwidth of the coupler 30 can reach 40 GHz. Therefore, the working bandwidth of the coupler 30 provided in this embodiment is relatively large, and the transmission rate of the coupler 30 is relatively fast.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation of an embodiment of the coupler 30 and the waveguide 110 shown in FIG. 16 .
  • FIG. 18 includes a first coupler 301 and a second coupler 302 located at both ends of the waveguide 110, respectively.
  • the simulation is performed by applying a signal to the first coupler 301 .
  • the signal is transmitted to the second coupler 302 via the first coupler 301 and the waveguide 110 .
  • FIG. 19 is a simulation diagram of signal transmission between the coupler 30 and the waveguide 110 shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the areas colored in off-white represent signals.
  • FIG. 19 after the signals are transmitted through the first coupler 301 , most of the signals can be coupled into the waveguide 110 .
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the transmission coefficient curves of the first coupler 301 and the waveguide 110 shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the abscissa of Fig. 20 is the frequency, and the unit is GHz.
  • the ordinate is the transmission coefficient S21, and the unit is dB. It can be seen from FIG. 20 that in the range of 110 GHz to 150 GHz, the energy loss between the first coupler 30 and the waveguide 110 is less than 2.6 dB. Therefore, the energy loss of the first coupler 301 and the waveguide 110 provided in this embodiment is relatively low in the working frequency band.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of transmission coefficient curves of the first coupler 301 , the waveguide 110 and the second coupler 302 shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the abscissa of Fig. 21 is the frequency, and the unit is GHz.
  • the ordinate is the forward transmission coefficient S21, and the unit is dB.
  • the energy loss of the first coupler 301 , the waveguide 110 and the second coupler 302 is less than 4.5dB. Therefore, the energy loss of the first coupler 301 , the waveguide 110 and the second coupler 302 provided in this embodiment is low in the working frequency band.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the simulation of the coupler 30 and the waveguide 110 shown in FIG. 16 .
  • FIG. 22 includes a waveguide 1101 , a waveguide 1102 , a first coupler 301 , a second coupler 302 , a third coupler 303 , and a fourth coupler 304 .
  • the first coupler 301 and the second coupler 302 are located at both ends of the first waveguide 1101 .
  • the third coupler 303 and the fourth coupler 304 are located at both ends of the second waveguide 1102 .
  • the first coupler 301 is placed close to the third coupler 303 .
  • the second coupler 302 is positioned adjacent to the fourth coupler 304 .
  • the simulation is performed by applying a signal to the first coupler 301 . At this time, the signal is transmitted to the second coupler 302 via the first coupler 301 and the first waveguide 1101 . In addition, the simulation is performed by applying a signal to the third coupler 303 . At this time, the signal is transmitted to the fourth coupler 304 via the third coupler 303 and the second waveguide 1102 .
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a coupling coefficient curve between the coupler 30 and the waveguide 110 shown in FIG. 22 .
  • a schematic diagram of the curve of the coupling coefficient measured between the first coupler 301 and the third coupler 303 is shown.
  • the abscissa of Fig. 23 is the frequency, and the unit is GHz.
  • the ordinate is the coupling coefficient (also called S31) in dB. It can be seen from FIG. 23 that the signal crosstalk between the first coupler 301 and the third coupler 303 is less than 35dB. Therefore, the signal crosstalk between the first coupler 301 and the third coupler 303 provided in this embodiment is relatively small.
  • the embodiments of the present application introduce the structures of a communication system 1000 , a first transceiver module 100 , and a coupler 30 .
  • the coupler 30 of the embodiment of the present application has a wide operating frequency band (the frequency range is above 40 GHz), low energy loss (the energy loss of a single coupler 30 is less than 2.6dB), and the crosstalk between the two couplers 30 is small ( Signal crosstalk is less than 35dB).
  • the coupler 30 when the coupler 30 is applied to the communication system 1000 and the first transceiver module 100, the communication system 1000 and the first transceiver module 100 can also have the advantages of a wider operating frequency band, less energy loss, and signal crosstalk.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种耦合器、收发模块通信系统。耦合器包括介质板、第一导电片、第二导电片、第三导电片、第四导电片、多个第一导电件以及多个第二导电件。通过介质板、第一导电片、第二导电片、第三导电片、第四导电片、多个第一导电件以及多个第二导电件的相互配合，从而在传输电磁波的过程中降低能量损耗。这样，当耦合器应用于通信系统或收发模块时，通信系统或收发模块在传输电磁波的过程中能量损耗也较少，传输速率较快。

Description

耦合器、收发模块及通信系统
本申请要求于2020年6月29日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202010606511.3、申请名称为“耦合器、收发模块及通信系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种耦合器、收发模块及通信系统。
背景技术
太赫兹(THz)通信是近几年备受关注的一项新兴技术。利用THz频段的通信装置，在一定距离里能够实现高速通信。传统的通信装置包括发射芯片、耦合器以及传输线。耦合器用于将发射芯片上的信号耦合进传输线内。但是，由于耦合器的结构设置不合理，导致信号在传输的过程中能量损耗较大，降低了通信装置的数据信号传输效率。因此，设计一种电磁波的能量损耗较小的耦合器日趋紧迫。
发明内容
本申请提供一种能够实现能量损耗低的耦合器、收发模块及通信系统。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种耦合器。所述耦合器包括介质板、第一导电片、第二导电片、第三导电片、第四导电片、多个第一导电件以及多个第二导电件。其中，所述介质板包括朝向相反的第一面与第二面。所述第一导电片固定于所述第一面。所述第二导电片固定于所述第二面。所述第一导电片包括第一传输部分和第一辐射部分。所述第一辐射部分的首端连接所述第一传输部分的末端。需要说明的是，所述第一传输部分也可以称为第一传输子块或者第一传输子片等。所述第一辐射部分也可以称为第一辐射子块或者第一辐射子片等。
所述第二导电片包括第二传输部分和第二辐射部分。所述第二辐射部分的首端连接所述第二传输部分的末端。所述第二传输部分与所述第一传输部分相对设置，且所述第二传输部分的末端与所述第一传输部分的末端相对设置。需要说明的是，所述第二传输部分也可以称为第二传输子块或者第二传输子片。所述第二辐射部分也可以称为第二辐射子块或者第二辐射子片等。
所述第二辐射部分的末端和所述第一辐射部分的末端沿相反的两个方向延伸。这样，这两个部分形成一个张开区域。具体地，所述第一辐射部分与所述第二辐射部分的张开区域大致形成一个三维区域。所述张开区域在所述介质板的第一面的形状大致呈三角形。
所述第三导电片与所述第四导电片固定于所述第一面，且分别位于所述第一传输部分的两侧。所述第三导电片与所述第四导电片均与所述第二传输部分相对设置。所述第三导电片与和所述第四导电片分别与所述第一传输部分之间形成第一缝隙和第二缝隙。
所述多个第一导电件间隔设置，且沿所述第三导电片靠近所述第一传输部分的边缘的延伸方向排布。每个所述第一导电件均嵌设于所述介质板内，且一端连接所述第三导电片，另一端连接所述第二传输部分。所述多个第二导电件间隔设置，且沿所述第四导电片靠近 所述第一传输部分的边缘的延伸方向排布。每个所述第二导电件均嵌设于所述介质板内，且一端连接所述第四导电片，另一端连接所述第二传输部分。
需要说明的是，为了便于描述，定义耦合器的长度方向为X轴,也即所述第一传输部分的延伸方向。耦合器的宽度方向为Y轴。耦合器的厚度方向为Z轴。
可以理解的是，当信号馈入所述耦合器内时，电磁波沿X轴的正方向自第一传输部分以及第二传输部分传输至第一辐射部分与第二辐射部分。在该传输过程中，由于第三导电片、第四导电片、多个第一导电件、多个第二导电件与第二导电片均处于接地状态，一方面，第二传输部分能够限制Z轴方向的电磁波向外辐射，从而使得大部分电磁波被束缚在第一传输部分与第二传输部分之间，另一方面，多个第一导电件与多个第二导电件能够限制Y轴方向的电磁波向外辐射，从而使得大部分电磁波也能够被束缚在多个第一导电件与多个第二导电件之间。故而，电磁波在沿X轴的正方向传输的过程中，大部分电磁波被束缚第一传输部分、第二传输部分、多个第一导电件以及多个第二导电件所围的区域内，电磁波不容易因向外辐射而导致能量损耗。故而，本实现方式的耦合器在电磁波的传输过程中，能量损耗较少。
另外，通过设置所述第二辐射部分的末端和所述第一辐射部分的末端沿相反的两个方向延伸，形成了较大的张开区域，从而使得耦合器的工作频段较宽。
一种可实现方式中，所述第一传输部分包括依次连接的第一段、第二段和第三段。所述第三段远离所述第二段的端部为所述第一传输部分的末端。所述第一段的宽度小于所述第三段的宽度。所述第二段的宽度在所述第一传输部分的首端向末端的方向上增大。
应理解，所述第一段用于电连接芯片的信号端。芯片的信号端一般通过同轴线路(或者双绞线线路等)连接于第一段。同轴线路或双绞线线路均为两条并行的信号线。同轴线路或双绞线线路也称平衡传输线。在本实现方式中，第一导电片为单条信号线，又称为不平衡传输线。此时，本实施例通过设置所述第二段的宽度在所述第一传输部分的首端向其末端的方向上增大，以使同轴线路与第一辐射部分之间的阻抗实现匹配，从而实现平衡传输线和不平衡传输线之间的连接，进而使得同轴线路传输的信号波以能量最大化的方式传输至第一辐射部分。
一种实现方式中，所述第一段的宽度在0.07至0.09毫米的范围内。例如，所述第一段的宽度等于0.07毫米、0.08毫米或者0.09毫米。应理解，当所述第一段的宽度在该尺寸内时，所述第一段的阻抗不会太大。此时，所述第一段能够较好地与同轴线路实现阻抗匹配。
一种实现方式中，所述第三段的宽度在0.15至0.2毫米的范围内。例如，所述第三段的宽度等于0.15毫米、0.16毫米、0.17毫米、0.18毫米或0.2毫米。应理解，当所述第三段的宽度满足该尺寸时，所述第三段的阻抗与所述第一辐射部分的阻抗的差异不会太大。
一种实现方式中，所述第二段朝向所述第三导电片的边缘为第一边。所述第一边为曲线。这样，所述第一段与所述第三段之间的阻抗能够平缓过渡，从而不会因所述第二段的阻抗突然变大或变小而导致电磁波产生反射，增大电磁波的能量损耗。
一种实现方式中，所述第二段朝向第四导电片的边缘为第二边。所述第二边的设置方式与所述第一边的设置方式类似。
一种可实现方式中，所述第一辐射部分还包括依次连接的第一边缘、第二边缘、第三 边缘以及第四边缘。所述第一边缘连接于所述第一传输部分朝向所述第四导电片的边缘。所述第四边缘连接于所述第一传输部分朝向所述第三导电片的边缘。所述第一边缘为曲线。
可以理解的是，当所述张开区域的大小发生变化时，所述张开区域内的阻抗也会发生改变。通过将第一边缘设置为曲线，从而使得张开区域的边缘平缓地变化，此时，张开区域的大小也会平缓地变化，这样，第一边缘的变化不会较大程度地改变张开区域的阻抗。电磁波在张开区域内的分布较为均匀，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。
一种实现方式中，以第三段与第一边缘的连接点为坐标系的原点。第一边缘在该坐标系下满足：
y 1＝W 1×exp(ρ 1×x 1)
其中，y 1是第一边缘的纵坐标。x 1为第一边缘的横坐标。W 1等于第三段的宽度的一半。ρ 1的取值在1.25至1.35的范围之内。
当第一边缘满足上述关系式时，第一边缘的变化较为平缓。此时，张开区域的边缘的变化也较为平缓，这样，第一边缘变化不会较大程度地改变张开区域的阻抗。电磁波在张开区域内的分布较为均匀，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。
一种可实现方式中，所述第一辐射部分包括朝向相反的顶面与底面。所述底面连接于所述介质板的第一面。所述耦合器具有多个第一凹槽。所述多个第一凹槽间隔地沿所述第三边缘排布。所述多个第一凹槽均自所述第一辐射部分的顶面贯穿至所述第一辐射部分的底面，且所述多个第一凹槽均贯穿所述第三边缘的所在侧面。
可以理解的是，第一凹槽抑制了第一辐射部分的末端电磁波的辐射，提高了张开区域沿X轴方向辐射的电场，从而有效地增大了耦合器的电长度，降低了耦合器的低频截止频率，进而增加了耦合器的工作带宽。
一种实现方式中，第一凹槽的宽度的范围在0.1毫米至0.2毫米的范围内。例如，第一凹槽的宽度等于0.1毫米、0.12毫米、0.15毫米、0.16毫米、0.19毫米或者0.2毫米。
一种实现方式中，以第三段与第四边缘的连接点为坐标系的原点。第四边缘在该坐标系下满足：
y 2＝W 1exp(ρ 2×x 2)
其中，y 2是第四边缘的纵坐标。x 2是第四边缘的横坐标。W 1的等于第三段的宽度的一半。ρ 2的取值在3.2至3.35的范围之内。
当第四边缘满足上述关系式时，第四边缘的变化较为平缓。此时，第四边缘的变化不会较大程度地改变第一辐射部分的阻抗。这样，第一辐射部分的阻抗变化对电磁波的影响较小。
一种实现方式中，第二边缘的宽度在0.3至0.5毫米的范围内。例如，第二边缘的宽度等于0.3毫米、0.4毫米、0.5毫米、0.55毫米、0.6毫米。一种实现方式中，第三边缘的长度在0.8至1.2毫米的范围内。例如，第三边缘的长度等于0.8毫米、0.9毫米、1毫米、1.2毫米。
一种实现方式中，所述第二辐射部分包括依次连接的第五边缘、第六边缘、第七边缘和第八边缘。第五边缘连接于第二传输部分。第八边缘连接于第二传输部分。第五边缘的设置方式与所述第一边缘的设置方式类似。
一种实现方式中，以第五边缘与第二传输部分的连接点为坐标系的原点。第五边缘在该坐标系下满足：
y 3＝-W 1×exp(ρ 3×x 3)
其中，y 3是第五边缘的纵坐标。x 3第五边缘的横坐标。W 1的等于第三段的宽度的一半。ρ 3的取值在1.25至1.35的范围之内。
当第五边缘满足上述关系式时，第五边缘的变化较为平缓。此时，张开区域的边缘的变化也较为平缓，这样，第五边缘变化不会较大程度地改变张开区域的阻抗。电磁波在张开区域内的分布较为均匀，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。
一种实现方式中，以第八边缘与第二传输部分的连接点为坐标系的原点。第八边缘在该坐标系下满足：
y 4＝-W 1×exp(ρ 4×x 4)
其中，y 4是第八边缘的纵坐标。x 4为第八边缘的横坐标。W 1的等于第三段的宽度的一半。ρ 4的取值在3.2至3.35的范围之内。
当第八边缘满足上述关系式时，第八边缘的变化较为平缓。此时，第八边缘的变化不会较大程度地改变第二辐射部分的阻抗。这样，第二辐射部分的阻抗变化对电磁波的影响较小。
一种可实现方式中，所述耦合器置有多个间隔地沿第七边缘排布的第二凹槽。多个第一凹槽均贯穿第七边缘的所在侧面。第二凹槽的设置方式与第一凹槽的设置方式类似。
一种可实现方式中，所述第一缝隙的宽度在所述第一缝隙的延伸方向不变。这种设计使得第一缝隙的宽度对阻抗的影响较小，从而使得电磁波均匀地分布在第一传输部分、第二传输部分、多个第一导电件以及多个第二导电件之间，进而较大程度地减少电磁波的能量损耗。
一种可实现方式中，所述第一缝隙的宽度在0.07至0.09毫米的范围内。例如，第一缝隙的宽度等于0.05毫米、0.06毫米、0.07毫米或者0.08毫米。
一种可实现方式中，所述多个第一导电件的每一个的中心至所述第三导电片靠近所述第一传输部分的边缘的距离相等。这种设计使得第一导电件对该部分的阻抗的影响较小，从而使得电磁波均匀地分布在第一传输部分、第二传输部分、多个第一导电件以及多个第二导电件之间，进而较大程度地减少电磁波的能量损耗。
一种可实现方式中，所述第二缝隙的设置方式与所述第一缝隙的设置方式类似。一种可实现方式中，所述多个第二导电件的设置方式与所述多个第一导电件的设置方式类似。
一种可实现方式中，所述介质板还包括末端面。所述末端面连接于所述第一面与所述第二面之间。所述第一辐射部分的末端以及所述第二辐射部分的末端连接于所述末端面。所述耦合器包括能量汇聚器。所述能量汇聚器连接于所述末端面，且所述能量汇聚器正对于所述第一辐射部分与所述第二辐射部分的张开区域。所述能量汇聚器用于汇聚电磁波。具体的，当电磁波传输至第一辐射部分与第二辐射部分时，电磁波能够经张开区域汇聚于能量汇聚器上。这样，大部分的电磁波不容易因向外辐射而导致能量损耗。
在本实现方式中，能量汇聚器还能够用于连接波导管。具体的，能量汇聚器能够经波导管的开口插入于波导管内。此时，耦合器便能够与波导管稳定连接。另外，传输出能量 汇聚器的电磁波也能够大部分进入波导管内，从而有效地降低电磁波的能量损耗。故而，能量汇聚器具有“一物多用”的功能。
一种可实现方式中，所述能量汇聚器呈半圆柱结构。所述能量汇聚器沿远离所述介质板的方向凸出。一方面，能量汇聚器的形状与电磁波的形状大致相同，此时，能量汇聚器能够较好地将电磁波辐射出去。另一方面，能量汇聚器的形状与波导管的开口形状相同，有利于能量汇聚器稳定且牢固地装配于波导管内。
一种可实现方式中，能量汇聚器与介质板为一体成型结构。此时，耦合器的制作工艺可以简化，成本可以降低。
一种可实现方式中，所述耦合器还包括能量引向器。所述能量引向器固定于所述第一面，且位于所述第一辐射部分与所述第二辐射部分的张开区域内。所述能量引流器用于将电磁波引向所述能量汇聚器。具体的，当电磁波传输至第一辐射部分与第二辐射部分时，电磁波能够被能量引向器引向第一辐射部分与第二辐射部分的张开区域内，并经张开区域汇聚于能量汇聚器内。这样，大部分的电磁波不容易因向外辐射而导致能量损耗。
一种可实现方式中，所述能量引向器包括第一金属段以及第二金属段。所述第一金属段与所述第二金属段沿X轴方向间隔排布。在Y轴方向上，所述第二金属段的长度大于所述第一金属段的长度。
可以理解的是，能量引向器在X轴的正方向上呈渐变结构。能量引向器的阻抗大小也沿着X轴的正方向逐渐减小。可以理解的是，当在张开区域内设置金属段时，张开区域内的阻抗会发生改变。此时，当能量引向器在X轴的正方向上呈渐变结构时，张开区域的阻抗也能够沿着X轴的正方向平缓地变化。这样，当电磁波在张开区域内且沿着X轴的正方向传输时，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。故而，能量引向器也能够降低电磁波的损耗。
一种可实现方式中，所述能量引向器还包括第三金属段。所述第三金属段位于所述第二金属段远离所述第一金属段的一侧。在Y轴方向上，所述第三金属段的长度大于所述第二金属段的长度。
可以理解的是，当所述能量引向器还包括第三金属段，且所述第三金属段的长度大于所述第二金属段的长度时，张开区域的阻抗沿着X轴的正方向地变化更加的平缓。这样，当电磁波在张开区域内且沿着X轴的正方向传输时，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。故而，能量引向器也能够降低电磁波的损耗。
一种可实现方式中，所述第二传输部分的末端相对所述第三导电片和所述第四导电片伸出。此时，第二传输部分能够进一步地将电磁波引向第一辐射部分与第二辐射部分的张开区域内，从而避免电磁波因向外辐射而导致能量损耗。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种收发模块。所述收发模块包括电路板、芯片以及如上所述的耦合器。所述芯片与所述耦合器均固定于所述电路板。所述第一导电片的所述第一传输部分电连接于所述芯片的信号端。所述第三导电片电连接于所述芯片的第一接地端。所述第四导电片电连接于所述芯片的第二接地端。
可以理解的是，当如上所述的耦合器应用于收发模块时，所述收发模块具有较宽的工作频段、能量损耗少以及信号串扰小等优势。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信系统。所述通信系统包括传输线。所述传输线包括波导管和如上所述的收发模块。所述收发模块的数量为两个。所述波导管位于两个所述收发模块之间，所述波导管用于传播两个所述收发模块之间的电磁波。
可以理解的是，当如上所述的收发模块应用于通信系统时，所述通信系统具有较宽的工作频段、能量损耗少以及信号串扰小等优势。
一种可实现方式中，所述通信系统还包括第一设备以及第二设备。所述传输线连接于所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间。所述传输线用于所述第一设备和所述第二设备之间的数据信号传输。可以理解的是，当所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间使用传输线进行数据信号传输时，数据传输速率较快，能量损耗较小。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的通信系统的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的通信系统的第一传输线的部分结构示意图；
图3是图2所示第一传输线的部分分解示意图；
图4是图2所示的第一传输线的耦合器的一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图5是图4所示的耦合器的分解示意图；
图6是图4所示的耦合器在另一角度的示意图；
图7是图4所示的耦合器的俯视图；
图8是图4所示的耦合器在A-A线的一种实施方式的部分剖面示意图；
图9是图4所示的耦合器的介质板的俯视图；
图10是图4所示的耦合器的第一导电片的俯视图；
图11是图4所示的耦合器的第二导电片的俯视图；
图12是图4所示的耦合器在A-A线的另一种实施方式的部分剖面示意图；
图13是图4所示的耦合器在A-A线的再一种实施方式的部分剖面示意图；
图14是图4所示的耦合器在A-A线的再一种实施方式的部分剖面示意图；
图15是图3所示的第一传输线的耦合器的另一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图16是图4所示的耦合器的一种实施方式的尺寸设置示意图；
图17是图16所示的耦合器的反射系数的曲线示意图；
图18是图16所示的耦合器与波导管的一种实施方式的仿真结构示意图；
图19是图18所示的耦合器与波导管的信号传输仿真图；
图20是图18所示的第一个耦合器与波导管的传输系数曲线示意图；
图21是图18所示的第一个耦合器、波导管以及第二个耦合器的传输系数曲线示意图；
图22是图16所示的耦合器与波导管的仿真的另一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图23是图22所示的耦合器与波导管的耦合系数曲线示意图。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1是本申请实施例提供的通信系统1000的结构示意图。通信系统1000包括第一传输线200、第二传输线300、第一设备400以及第二设备500。需要说明的是，图1 以及下文各附图中仅示意性地给出了一些部件，这些部件的实际形状、实际大小和实际构造不受图1以及下文各附图的限定。例如，第一设备400和第二设备500可以为服务器或者网络交换机。
其中，第一传输线200连接于第一设备400与第二设备500之间，用于这两个设备之间的数据传输(即发送或接收)。第一传输线200能够传输太赫兹(THz)波。THz波是指频率在0.1THz至10THz范围内的电磁波。由于THz波具有较高的传输速率，第一设备400与第二设备500能够实现高速通信。例如，第一设备400的数据信号能够通过第一传输线200快速地传输至第二设备500。反之亦然。应理解，第一传输线200也可以传输其他频段的电磁波。
可选地，在第一设备400与第二设备500之间还设置有第二传输线300，其功能与第一传输线200类似，在此不再赘述。通过将第二传输线300传输数据的方向与第一传输线200传输数据的方向设置相反，从而使得第一设备400和第二设备500能够同时发送和接收数据信号。例如，第一传输线200用于将第一设备400的数据信号传输至第二设备500。第二传输线300用于将第二设备500的数据信号传输至第一设备400。
图2是图1所示的通信系统1000的第一传输线200的部分结构示意图。第一传输线200包括第一收发模块100、波导管110以及第二收发模块120。第一收发模块100电连接于第一设备400。第二收发模块120电连接于第二设备500。第一收发模块100的结构与第二收发模块120的结构可以相同。波导管110位于第一收发模块100与第二收发模块120之间。波导管110用于传播第一收发模块100与第二收发模块120之间的电磁波。
以第一设备400向第二设备500传输数据信号为例。第一收发模块100接收第一设备400的数据信号，并对数据信号进行处理。再将处理后的信号传输至波导管110内。波导管110将信号传输至第二收发模块120。第二收发模块120接收信号，并将处理后的信号传输至第二设备500。第二设备500向第一设备400传输数据信号的过程类似，在此不再赘述。
在本实施例中，波导管110可以采用塑料的波导管110。塑料的波导管110的成本较为便宜，能够降低第一传输线200的制作成本，以使第一传输线200更加容易实现批量生产。塑料的波导管110可以为矩形波导管、圆形波导管或半圆形波导管等。在其他实施例中，波导管110也可以采用金属的波导管110。
图3是图2所示第一传输线200的部分分解示意图。第一收发模块100包括电路板10、芯片20和耦合器30。其中，芯片20固定于电路板10。芯片20电连接于第一设备400(参阅图1)。具体地，电路板10可以为硬质电路板，柔性电路板或软硬结合电路板等。电路板10可以采用FR-4介质板，也可以采用罗杰斯(Rogers)介质板，也可以采用FR-4和Rogers的混合介质板等。其中，FR-4是一种耐燃材料等级的代号。Rogers介质板为一种高频板。
当第一设备400向第二设备500(参阅图1)传输数据信号时，芯片20可以用于在接收第一设备400的数据信号之后，对数据信号进行处理，并将处理后的信号传输至耦合器30。当第二设备500向第一设备400传输数据信号时，芯片20可以用于在接收耦合器30的信号之后，对信号进行处理，并将处理后的信号传输至第一设备400。
在其他实施例中，电路板10上可以设置信号处理电路，其中，信号处理电路可以包括 电容、电感或者电阻。通过信号处理电路来辅助芯片20处理信号。
如图3所示，耦合器30固定于电路板10。耦合器30电连接于芯片20。耦合器30的一端朝向波导管110。耦合器30能够用于将芯片20处理后的信号耦合至波导管110内。此外，耦合器30也能够用于将波导管110传输的电磁波传输至芯片20。换言之，耦合器30具有双向传输信号的功能。
下文将结合相关附图具体介绍第一传输线200的耦合器30的结构。
图4是图2所示的第一传输线200的耦合器30的一种实施方式的结构示意图。图5是图4所示的耦合器30的分解示意图。为了便于描述，定义耦合器30的长度方向为X轴。耦合器30的宽度方向为Y轴。耦合器30的厚度方向为Z轴。耦合器30包括介质板31、第一导电片32、第二导电片33(以参阅图5为主)、能量汇聚器34、能量引向器35、第三导电片36、第四导电片37、多个第一导电件381以及多个第二导电件382。
其中，介质板31可以为Megtron6介质板，FR-4介质板，罗杰斯(Rogers)介质板，或FR-4和Rogers的混合介质板等。此外，介质板31包括朝向相反的第一面311与第二面312(以参阅图5为主)。第二面312指向第一面311的方向为Z轴的正方向。
第一导电片32固定于第一面311。第一导电片32的材质可以为金、银、铜或石墨烯。第一导电片32包括第一传输部分321和第一辐射部分322。图4通过虚线示意性地区分第一传输部分321和第一辐射部分322。需要说明的是，第一传输部分321也可以称为第一传输子块或第一传输子片等。第一辐射部分322也可以称为第一辐射子块或第一辐射子片等。
其中，第一传输部分321沿X轴的正方向延伸。可以理解的是，第一传输部分321的延伸方向可以不完全平行于X轴的正方向。例如，第一传输部分321也可以偏离X轴一定角度(例如，3°、5°、10°或者15°等)延伸。
此外，第一辐射部分322的首端连接第一传输部分321的末端。第一辐射部分322的末端沿Y轴的正方向延伸。在本实施例中，当耦合器30接收芯片20(请参阅图3)的信号之后，信号依次经过第一传输部分321的首端、第一传输部分321的末端、第一辐射部分322的首端以及第一辐射部分322的末端。此时，第一传输部分321的首端为耦合器30的输入端的一部分。第一辐射部分322的末端为耦合器30的输出端的一部分。可以理解的是，输入端为耦合器30中信号输入的端部。输出端为耦合器30中信号输出的端部。在其他实施例中，当耦合器30用于接收波导管110(参阅图3)的信号时，第一传输部分321的首端为耦合器30的输出端的一部分。第一辐射部分322的末端为耦合器30的输入端的一部分。
图6是图4所示的耦合器30在另一角度的示意图。第二导电片33固定于第二面312。第二导电片33的材质可以为金、银、铜或石墨烯。第二导电片33包括第二传输部分331以及第二辐射部分332。附图6通过虚线示意性地区分第二传输部分331以及第二辐射部分332。此外，需要说明的是，第二传输部分331也可以称为第二传输子块或者第二传输子片。第二辐射部分332也可以称为第二辐射子块或者第二辐射子片等。
其中，第二传输部分331的延伸方向与第一传输部分321的延伸方向类似。在此不再赘述。此外，第二辐射部分332的首端连接于第二传输部分331的末端。第二辐射部分332 的末端沿Y轴的负方向延伸。应理解，在本实施例中，第二传输部分331的首端为耦合器30的输入端的一部分。第二辐射部分332的末端为耦合器30的输出端的一部分。在其他实施例中，第二传输部分331的首端也可以为耦合器30的输出端的一部分。第二辐射部分332的末端也可以为耦合器30的输入端的一部分。
图7是图4所示的耦合器30的俯视图。需要说明的是，由于第二导电片33位于介质板31的第二面312(参阅图5)，第二导电片33在附图7的视角下是无法看到。此时，附图7通过虚线简单地示意了第二导电片33。其中，第二传输部分331与第一传输部分321相对设置。此外，第二传输部分331的末端与第一传输部分321的末端相对设置。
此外，当第一辐射部分322的末端沿Y轴的正方向延伸，第二辐射部分332的末端沿Y轴的负方向延伸时，这两个部分形成一个张开区域301。需要说明的是，第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332位于介质板31不同的两个面内。此时，第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332的张开区域301大致形成一个三维区域。张开区域301在介质板31的第一面311的形状大致呈三角形。张开区域301的宽度沿着X轴方向增大。当张开区域301朝向波导管110(参阅图3)时，电磁波能够通过该张开区域301耦合进波导管110内。
上文具体介绍了第一传输部分321、第二传输部分331以及与第一传输部分321和第二传输部分331所对应的介质板31构成耦合器30的输入端的一部分。第一辐射部分322、第二辐射部分332，以及与第一辐射部分322和第二辐射部分332所对应的介质板31构成耦合器30的输出端的一部分。下文将结合相关附图再具体介绍耦合器30的输入端的其他结构。
如图4与图5所示，第三导电片36与第四导电片37均固定于第一面311。第三导电片36与第四导电片37分别位于第一传输部分321的两侧。第三导电片36与第四导电片37的材质可以为金、银、铜或石墨烯。
结合图7所示，第三导电片36与第一传输部分321之间形成第一缝隙361。此外，第四导电片37与第一传输部分321之间形成第二缝隙371。另外，第三导电片36与第四导电片37均和第二传输部分331相对设置。此外，在X轴方向上，第二传输部分331的末端相对第三导电片36和第四导电片37伸出。在其他实施例中，在X轴方向上，第二传输部分331的末端也可以与第三导电片36和第四导电片37齐平设置。
如图4与图7所示，多个第一导电件381间隔设置，且沿第三导电片36靠近第一传输部分321的边缘的延伸方向排布。应理解，多个第一导电件381并不完全地平行于第三导电片36靠近第一传输部分321的边缘的延伸方向排布。第一导电件381的材质可以为金、银、铜。第一导电件381的材质可以与第三导电片36或者第四导电片37的材质相同，也可以不同。
图8是图4所示的耦合器30在A-A线的一种实施方式的部分剖面示意图。第一导电件381为实心结构。每个第一导电件381均嵌设于介质板31内，且一端连接第三导电片36，另一端连接第二传输部分331。第一导电件381可以通过下述方法形成。具体地，在耦合器30上开设多个第一孔391。第一孔391的数量不仅限于图8所示意的四个。每个第一孔391均依次贯穿第三导电片36、介质板31和第二传输部分331。在每个第一孔391内填充或注塑导电材料。例如，导电材料可以为铜浆、银浆等。当第一孔391内的导电材料 固化后，形成实心的第一导电件381。这样，第三导电片36、多个第一导电件381与第二传输部分331形成一个整体。
如图4与图7所示，多个第二导电件382间隔设置，且沿第四导电片37靠近第一传输部分321的边缘的延伸方向排布。应理解，多个第二导电件382并不完全地平行于第四导电片37靠近第一传输部分321的边缘的延伸方向排布。第二导电件382的材质可以为金、银、铜。第二导电件382的材质可以与第一导电件381的材质相同，也可以不同。
如图5及图6所示，每个第二导电件382均嵌设于介质板31内，且一端连接第四导电片37，另一端连接第二传输部分331。第二导电件382的形成方式与第一导电件381的形成方式类似。在此不再赘述。这样，第三导电片36、第四导电片37、多个第一导电件381、多个第二导电件382与第二导电片33形成一个整体。
下文将结合附图介绍当信号馈入耦合器30内时，耦合器30的输入端的各个部分的作用。
如图7所示，耦合器30与芯片20(参阅图3)的连接关系：第一导电片32的第一传输部分321电连接于芯片20的信号端。具体的，第一传输部分321可以通过同轴线或微带线等方式电连接于芯片20的信号端。此外，第三导电片36与第四导电片37可以通过同轴线或微带线等方式分别电连接于芯片20的第一接地端和第二接地端。应理解，由于第三导电片36、第四导电片37、多个第一导电件381、多个第二导电件382与第二导电片33为一个整体，当第三导电片36与第四导电片37接地之后，多个第一导电件381、多个第二导电件382与第二导电片33也均处于接地状态。
当信号馈入耦合器30内时，电磁波沿着X轴的正方向自第一传输部分321以及第二传输部分331传输至第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332。在该传输过程中，由于第三导电片36、第四导电片37、多个第一导电件381、多个第二导电件382与第二导电片33均处于接地状态，一方面，第二传输部分331能够限制Z轴方向的电磁波向外辐射，从而使得大部分电磁波被束缚在第一传输部分321与第二传输部分331之间，另一方面，多个第一导电件381与多个第二导电件382能够限制Y轴方向的电磁波向外辐射，从而使得大部分电磁波也能够被束缚在多个第一导电件381与多个第二导电件382之间。故而，电磁波在沿X轴的正方向传输的过程中，大部分电磁波被束缚在第一传输部分321、第二传输部分331、多个第一导电件381以及多个第二导电件382所围的区域内，电磁波不容易因向外辐射而导致能量损耗。故而，本实施例的耦合器30在电磁波的传输过程中，能量损耗较少。
另外，在本实施例中，第二传输部分331的末端相对第三导电片36和第四导电片37沿X轴的正方向伸出。此时，第二传输部分331能够进一步地将电磁波引向第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332的张开区域301内，从而避免电磁波因向外辐射而导致能量损耗。
下文将结合相关附图介绍耦合器30的输出端的其他结构，以及电磁波在耦合器30的输出端的传输过程。
如图4与图5所示，介质板31还包括末端面313。末端面313连接于第一面311与第二面312之间。第一辐射部分322的末端以及第二辐射部分332的末端连接于末端面313。能量汇聚器34连接于介质板31的末端面313，且能量汇聚器34沿X轴的正方向凸出。
如图7所示，能量汇聚器34正对于第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332的张开区域301。能量汇聚器34能够用于汇聚电磁波。具体的，当电磁波传输至第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332时，电磁波能够经张开区域301汇聚于能量汇聚器34上。这样，大部分的电磁波不容易因向外辐射而导致能量损耗。
在本实施例中，能量汇聚器34还能够用于连接波导管110(参阅图3)。具体地，能量汇聚器34能够经波导管110的开口插入于波导管110内。此时，耦合器30便能够与波导管110稳定连接。另外，传输出能量汇聚器34的电磁波也能够大部分进入波导管110内，从而有效地降低电磁波的能量损耗。在本实施例中，能量汇聚器34具有“一物多用”的功能。
在本实施例中，能量汇聚器34呈半圆柱结构。一方面，能量汇聚器34的形状与电磁波的形状大致相同，使得能量汇聚器34能够较好地将电磁波辐射出去。另一方面，能量汇聚器34的形状与波导管110的开口形状相同，有利于能量汇聚器34稳定且牢固地装配于波导管110内。当然，在其他实施例中，能量汇聚器34也可以设置为三棱柱或者长方体等结构。
在本实施例中，能量汇聚器34与介质板31为一体成型结构。此时，耦合器30的制作工艺可以简化，成本较低。在其他实施方式中，能量汇聚器34可以通过粘胶固定连接于介质板31的末端面313。在其他实施方式中，能量汇聚器34的材料也可以与介质板31的材料不同。
一种实施方式中，能量汇聚器34的半径在0.1毫米至0.3毫米的范围内。例如，能量汇聚器34的半径等于0.1毫米、0.15毫米、0.22毫米、0.25毫米或者0.3毫米。
在其他实施例中，耦合器30也可以不设置能量汇聚器34。此时，第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332的张开区域301直接朝向波导管110的开口，以使电磁波经张开区域301耦合至波导管110内。
如图4与图5所示，能量引向器35固定于第一面311，且能量引向器35正对于能量汇聚器34。能量引向器35的材质为金属材料。例如，能量引向器35的材质为铜、金或者银。在其他实施例中，能量引向器35的材质也可以为非金属的导电材料，例如石墨烯。
结合图7所示，能量引向器35位于第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332的张开区域301内。能量引流器35用于将电磁波引向能量汇聚器34。具体的，当电磁波传输至第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332时，电磁波能够被能量引向器35引向第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332的张开区域301内，并经张开区域301汇聚于能量汇聚器34内。这样，大部分的电磁波不容易因向外辐射而导致能量损耗。
如图5和图7所示，能量引向器35包括沿X轴方向依次间隔设置的第一金属段351、第二金属段352以及第三金属段353。在Y轴方向上，第二金属段352的长度大于第一金属段351的长度，且小于第三金属段353的长度。此时，能量引向器35大致呈“三”字型结构。
能量引向器35在X轴的正方向上呈渐变结构。能量引向器35的阻抗大小也沿着X轴的正方向逐渐减小。可以理解的是，当在张开区域301内设置金属段时，张开区域301内的阻抗会发生改变。此时，当能量引向器35在X轴的正方向上呈渐变结构时，张开区域301的阻抗也能够沿着X轴的正方向平缓地变化。这样，当电磁波在张开区域301内且沿 着X轴的正方向传输时，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。故而，本实施例的能量引向器35也能够降低电磁波的损耗。
在其他实施例中，在Y轴方向上，第一金属段351的长度、第二金属段352的长度以及第三金属段353的长度可以不做具体的限定。在其他实施例中，能量引向器35也可以不包括第三金属段353。在其他实施例中，耦合器30也可以不设置能量引向器35。
应理解，本实施例通过第一导电片32、第二导电片33、能量汇聚器34、能量引向器35、第三导电片36、第四导电片37、多个第一导电件381以及多个第二导电件382之间的相互配合，从而使得电磁波能够以较小能量损耗传输至波导管110内。下文将结合相关附图详细地介绍耦合器30的各个部分的具体设置。
如图7所示，第一缝隙361的宽度在第一缝隙361的延伸方向不变。这样，当电磁波束缚在第一传输部分321、第二传输部分331、多个第一导电件381以及多个第二导电件382之间时，第一缝隙361的宽度对该部分的阻抗的影响较小，从而使得电磁波均匀地分布在第一传输部分321、第二传输部分331、多个第一导电件381以及多个第二导电件382之间，进而较大程度地减少电磁波的能量损耗。
一种实施方式中，在Y轴方向上，第一缝隙361的宽度在0.07毫米至0.09毫米的范围内。例如，第一缝隙361的宽度等于0.05毫米、0.06毫米、0.07毫米或者0.08毫米。
如图7所示，多个第一导电件381的每一个的中心至第三导电片36靠近第一传输部分321的边缘的距离相等。这样，当电磁波束缚在第一传输部分321、第二传输部分331、多个第一导电件381以及多个第二导电件382之间时，第一导电件381对该部分的阻抗的影响较小，从而使得电磁波均匀地分布在第一传输部分321、第二传输部分331、多个第一导电件381以及多个第二导电件382之间，进而较大程度地减少电磁波的能量损耗。
第二缝隙371的设置方式与第一缝隙361的设置方式类似。在此不再赘述。多个第二导电件382的设置方式与多个第一导电件381的设置方式类似。在此不再赘述。
图9是图4所示的耦合器30的介质板31的俯视图。介质板31包括依次连接的第一部分314、第二部分315和第三部分316，也即介质板31的第二部分315连接于介质板31的第一部分314与介质板31的第三部分316之间。图9通过虚线示意性地区分介质板31的第一部分314、介质板31的第二部分315和介质板31的第三部分316。此外，结合图7所示，介质板31的第一部分314可以用于固定大部分第一传输部分321以及第二传输部分331。介质板31的第三部分316可以用于固定大部分的第一辐射部分322，以及大部分的第二辐射部分332。
另外，在Y轴上，介质板31的第一部分314的宽度为d1。介质板31的第二部分315的宽度为d2。介质板31的第三部分316的宽度为d3。其中，d1小于d3。d2沿X轴的正方向增大。可以理解的是，通过设置d1小于d3，从而在保证介质板31的第一部分314能够给第一传输部分321以及第二传输部分331提供足够的空间来传输信号的同时，介质板31还能够较大程度地减小尺寸，从而实现小型化设计。
一种实施方式中，介质板31的第一部分314的宽度d1在0.5至1.5毫米的范围内。例如，d1等于0.5毫米、0.6毫米、0.77毫米、1毫米、1.2毫米或者1.5毫米等。一种实施方式中，介质板31的第三部分316的宽度d3在1毫米至2毫米的范围内。例如，d2等于1 毫米、1.1毫米、1.27毫米、1.3毫米、1.5毫米、1.6毫米、1.7毫米或者2毫米等。
图10是图4所示的耦合器30的第一导电片32的俯视图。第一传输部分321包括依次连接的第一段3211、第二段3212以及第三段3213，也即第二段3212连接于第一段3211与第三段3213之间。第三段3213连接于第一辐射部分322，也即第三段3213远离第二段3212的端部为第一传输部分321的末端。第一段3211电连接于芯片20(请参阅图3)的信号端。
另外，在Y轴方向上，第一段3211的宽度为d4。第二段3212的宽度为d5。第三段3213的宽度为d6。其中，d4小于d6。d5沿着X轴的正方向增大。
可以理解的是，芯片20的信号端一般通过同轴线路(或者双绞线线路等)连接于第一段3211。同轴线路或双绞线线路均为两条并行的信号线。同轴线路或双绞线线路也称平衡传输线。在本实施例中，第一导电片32为单条信号线，又称为不平衡传输线。此时，本实施例通过设置第二段3212的宽度d5沿着X轴方向增大，以使同轴线路与第一辐射部分322之间的阻抗实现匹配，从而实现平衡传输线和不平衡传输线之间的连接，进而使得同轴线路传输的信号波以能量最大化的方式传输至第一辐射部分322。
一种实施方式中，第一段3211的宽度d4在0.07至0.09毫米的范围内。例如，d4等于0.07毫米、0.08毫米或者0.09毫米。可以理解的是，当第一段322的宽度d4在该尺寸内时，第一段322的阻抗不会太大。此时，第一段322的阻抗能够较好地与同轴线路的阻抗匹配。
一种实施方式中，第三段3213的宽度d6在0.15毫米至0.2毫米的范围内。例如，d6等于0.15毫米、0.16毫米、0.17毫米、0.18毫米或者0.2毫米。可以理解的是，当第三段3213的宽度d6满足该尺寸时，第三段3213的阻抗与第一辐射部分322的阻抗的差异不会太大。
如图10所示，第二段3212朝向第三导电片36(请参阅图7)的边缘为第一边3214。第一边3214为曲线。这样，第一段3211与第三段3213之间的阻抗能够平缓过渡，从而不会因第二段3212的阻抗突然变大或变小而导致电磁波产生反射，增大电磁波的能量损耗。在其他实施例中，第一边3214也可以为直线。
如图10所示，第二段3212朝向第四导电片37(参阅图7)的边缘为第二边3215。第二边3215的设置方式与第一边3214的设置方式类似。在此不再赘述。
如图7与图10所示，第一辐射部分322包括依次连接的第一边缘3221、第二边缘3222、第三边缘3223以及第四边缘3224。第一边缘3221的首端连接于第三段3213朝向第四导电片37(以参阅图7为主)的边缘。第四边缘3224远离第三边缘3223的端部连接于第三段3213朝向第三导电片36(以参阅图7为主)的边缘。
其中，第一边缘3221为曲线。可以理解的是，当张开区域301(以参阅图7为主)的大小发生变化时，张开区域301内的阻抗也会发生改变。通过将第一边缘3221设置为曲线，从而使得张开区域301的边缘平缓地变化，此时，张开区域301的大小也会平缓地变化，这样，第一边缘3221的变化不会较大程度地改变张开区域301的阻抗。电磁波在张开区域301内的分布较为均匀，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。在其他实施例中，第一边缘3221也可以为直线。
在一种实施方式中，在Y轴方向上，第二边缘3222的宽度d7在0.3毫米至0.5毫米的范围内。例如，d7等于0.3毫米、0.4毫米、0.5毫米、0.55毫米、0.6毫米。在一种实施方式中，在X轴方向上，第三边缘3223的长度L1在0.8毫米至1.2毫米的范围内。例如，L1等于0.8毫米、0.9毫米、1毫米、1.2毫米。
在一种实施方式中，以第三段3213与第一边缘3221的连接点为坐标系的原点。第一边缘3221在该坐标系下满足：
y 1＝W 1×exp(ρ 1×x 1)
其中，y 1是第一边缘3221的纵坐标。x 1为第一边缘3221的横坐标。W 1等于第三段3213的宽度d6的一半。ρ 1的取值在1.25至1.35的范围之内。
当第一边缘3221满足上述关系式时，第一边缘3221的变化较为平缓。此时，张开区域301的边缘的变化也较为平缓，这样，第一边缘3221变化不会较大程度地改变张开区域301的阻抗。电磁波在张开区域301内的分布较为均匀，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。应理解，在其他实施方式中，第一边缘3221在该坐标系下也可以满足其他关系式。
在一种实施方式中，以第三段3213与第四边缘3224的连接点为坐标系的原点。第四边缘3224在该坐标系下满足：
y 2＝W 1exp(ρ 2×x 2)
其中，y 2是第四边缘3224的纵坐标。x 2是第四边缘3224的横坐标。W 1的等于第三段3213的宽度d6的一半。ρ 2的取值在3.2至3.35的范围之内。
当第四边缘3224满足上述关系式时，第四边缘3224的变化较为平缓。此时，第四边缘3224的变化不会较大程度地改变第一辐射部分322的阻抗。这样，第一辐射部分322的阻抗变化对电磁波的影响较小。在其他实施方式中，第四边缘3224在该坐标系下也可以满足其他关系式。
如图5及图10所示，第一辐射部分322包括朝向相反的顶面323与底面324(以参阅图5为主)。第一辐射部分322的底面324连接于介质板31(以参阅图5为主)的第一面311(以参阅图5为主)。耦合器30具有多个第一凹槽3225。第一凹槽3225的数量不仅限于附图10所示意的三个。另外，多个第一凹槽3225间隔地沿第三边缘3223排布。多个第一凹槽3225均自第一辐射部分322的顶面323贯穿至第一辐射部分322的底面324，且多个第一凹槽3225均贯穿第三边缘3223的所在侧面。
应理解，当耦合器30具有多个第一凹槽3225时，第一凹槽3225抑制了第一辐射部分322的末端电磁波的辐射，提高了张开区域301沿X轴方向辐射的电场，从而有效地增大了耦合器30的电长度，降低了耦合器30的低频截止频率，进而增加了耦合器30的工作带宽。
一种实施方式中，在Y轴方向上，第一凹槽3225的宽度L2的范围在0.1至0.2毫米的范围内。例如，L2等于0.1毫米、0.12毫米、0.15毫米、0.16毫米、0.19毫米或者0.2毫米。
图11是图4所示的耦合器30的第二导电片33的俯视图。第二辐射部分332包括依次连接的第五边缘3321、第六边缘3322、第七边缘3323以及第八边缘3324。第五边缘3321 连接于第二传输部分331。第八边缘3324连接于第二传输部分331。第五边缘3321的设置方式与第一边缘3221的设置方式类似。这里不再赘述。
在一种实施方式中，以第五边缘3321与第二传输部分331的连接点为坐标系的原点。第五边缘3321在该坐标系下满足：
y 3＝-W 1×exp(ρ 3×x 3)
其中，y 3是第五边缘3321的纵坐标。x 3第五边缘3321的横坐标。W 1的等于第三段3213(请参阅图10)的宽度d6的一半。ρ 3的取值在1.25至1.35的范围之内。
当第五边缘3321满足上述关系式时，第五边缘3321的变化较为平缓。此时，张开区域301的边缘的变化也较为平缓，这样，第五边缘3321变化不会较大程度地改变张开区域301的阻抗。电磁波在张开区域301内的分布较为均匀，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。在其他实施方式中，第五边缘3321在该坐标系下也可以满足其他关系式。
一种实施方式中，以第八边缘3324与第二传输部分331的连接点为坐标系的原点。第八边缘3324在该坐标系下满足：
y 4＝-W 1×exp(ρ 4×x 4)
其中，y 4是第八边缘3324的纵坐标。x 4为第八边缘3324的横坐标。W 1的等于第三段3213(参阅图10)的宽度d6的一半。ρ 4的取值在3.2至3.35的范围之内。
可以理解的是，当第八边缘3324满足上述关系式时，第八边缘3324的变化较为平缓。此时，第八边缘3324的变化不会较大程度地改变第二辐射部分332的阻抗。这样，第二辐射部分332的阻抗变化对电磁波的影响较小。在其他实施方式中，第八边缘3324在该坐标系下也可以满足其他关系式。
如图11所示，耦合器30置有多个第二凹槽3325。多个第二凹槽3325间隔地沿第七边缘3323排布。多个第一凹槽3225均贯穿第七边缘3323的所在侧面。第二凹槽3225的设置方式与第一凹槽3225的设置方式类似。在此不再赘述。
在一种实施方式中，在Y轴方向上，第六边缘3322的宽度d8与第二边缘3222的宽度d7类似。在此不再赘述。在一种实施方式中，在X轴方向上，第七边缘3323的长度L3与第三边缘3223的长度L1类似。在此不再赘述。
下文将再结合相关附图具体介绍另外几种耦合器30的结构。
一种实施方式，与上述实施方式相同的技术内容不再赘述：图12是图4所示的耦合器30在A-A线的另一种实施方式的部分剖面示意图。第一导电件381为空心结构。具体地，通过在耦合器30上开设多个第一孔391。每个第一孔391均依次贯穿第三导电片36、介质板31以及第二传输部分331。在每个第一孔391的孔壁沉积一层导电材料。例如，导电材料可以为铜、银等。当第一孔391内的导电材料固化后，形成空心的第一导电件381。这样，第三导电片36、多个第一导电件381与第二导电片33(参阅图5)形成一个整体。
另一种实施方式，与上述实施方式相同的技术内容不再赘述：图13是图4所示的耦合器30在A-A线的再一种实施方式的部分剖面示意图。第一导电件381为实心结构，且第一导电件381位于第三导电片36与第二传输部分331之间。具体的，通过在介质板31上开设多个第一孔391。在每个第一孔391内填充或者注塑导电材料。例如，导电材料可以为铜浆、银浆等。当第一孔391内的导电材料固化后，形成实心的第一导电件381。第一 导电件381的一端连接第三导电片36，另一端连接第二传输部分331。这样，第三导电片36、多个第一导电件381与第二导电片33(参阅图5)形成一个整体。
再一种实施方式，与上述实施方式相同的技术内容不再赘述：图14是图4所示的耦合器在A-A线的再一种实施方式的部分剖面示意图。第一导电件381为空心结构，且第一导电件381位于第三导电片36与第二传输部分331之间。通过在介质板31上开设多个第一孔391。在每个第一孔391的孔壁沉积一层导电材料。例如，导电材料可以为铜、银等。当第一孔391内的导电材料固化后，形成空心的第一导电件381。第一导电件381的一端连接第三导电片36，另一端连接第二传输部分331。这样，第三导电片36、多个第一导电件381与第二导电片33(请参阅图5)形成一个整体。
应理解，本申请实施例对第一孔的数量不做限定。
又一种实施方式，与上述实施方式相同的技术内容不再赘述：图15是图3所示的第一传输线200的耦合器30的另一种实施方式的结构示意图。能量引向器35呈长条状，且能量引向器35的宽度沿着X轴的正方向减小。此时，能量引向器35在X轴的正方向上呈渐变结构。能量引向器35的阻抗大小也沿着X轴的正方向逐渐增大。当在第一辐射部分322与第二辐射部分332的张开区域301内设置金属段时，张开区域301内的阻抗会发生改变。该设计可以使得张开区域301的阻抗也能够沿着X轴的正方向平缓地变化。此时，当电磁波在张开区域301内并沿着X轴的正方向传输时，电磁波不会因阻抗突然变大而损耗较多的能量。故而，本实施例的能量引向器35也能够降低电磁波的损耗。
下面结合附图说明本实施方式提供的耦合器30的仿真。
图16是图4所示的耦合器30的一种实施方式的尺寸设置示意图。耦合器30的尺寸参数设置如下。介质板31采用Megtron6型号材质，在X轴方向的总长度为3mm，在Z轴方向上的厚度为0.3mm，损耗角正切为tanδ＝0.0035，介电常数为ε r＝4.5。介质板31的第一部分314的宽度d1为1毫米。介质板31的第三部分316的宽度d3为2毫米。第一段3211的宽度d4为0.1毫米。第三段3213的宽度d6为0.3毫米。第二边缘3222的宽度d7为0.3毫米。第三边缘3223的长度L1为1.2毫米。第一凹槽3225的宽度L2为0.15毫米。第六边缘3322的宽度d8为0.3毫米。第七边缘3323的长度L3为1.2毫米。
图17是图16所示的耦合器30的反射系数的曲线示意图。其中，图17的横坐标为耦合器30的工作频率(frequency)，简称频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为耦合器30的反射系数(也称为回波损耗或者S11)，单位为dB。由图17可知，耦合器30的工作频段大致在110GHz至150GHz的范围内。此时，耦合器30的工作带宽可以达到40GHz。因而，本实施例提供的耦合器30的工作带宽较大，耦合器30的传输速率较快。
图18是图16所示的耦合器30与波导管110的一种实施方式的仿真结构示意图。图18包括第一个耦合器301和第二个耦合器302，分别位于波导管110的两端。在本实施例中，通过对第一个耦合器301施加信号进行仿真。此时，信号经第一个耦合器301以及波导管110传输至第二个耦合器302。
图19是图18所示的耦合器30与波导管110的信号传输仿真图。在波导管110内，颜色为灰白色的区域表示的是信号。如图19所示，信号经过第一个耦合器301传输之后，大部分信号均能够耦合至波导管110内。
图20是图18所示的第一个耦合器301与波导管110的传输系数曲线示意图。其中，图20的横坐标为频率，单位为GHz。纵坐标为传输系数S21，单位为dB。由图20可知，在110GHz至150GHz的范围内，第一个耦合器30与波导管110的能量损耗小于2.6dB。因而，本实施例提供的第一个耦合器301与波导管110在工作频段内的能量损耗较低。
图21是图18所示的第一个耦合器301、波导管110以及第二个耦合器302的传输系数曲线示意图。其中，图21的横坐标为频率，单位为GHz。纵坐标为正向传输系数S21，单位为dB。由图21可知，在110GHz至150GHz的范围内，第一个耦合器301、波导管110以及第二个耦合器302的能量损耗小于4.5dB。因而，本实施例提供的第一个耦合器301、波导管110以及第二个耦合器302在工作频段内的能量损耗较低。
图22是图16所示的耦合器30与波导管110的仿真的另一种实施方式的结构示意图。图22包括波导管1101、波导管1102、第一个耦合器301、第二个耦合器302、第三个耦合器303和第四个耦合器304。第一个耦合器301和第二个耦合器302位于第一个波导管1101的两端。第三个耦合器303和第四个耦合器304位于第二个波导管1102的两端。第一个耦合器301靠近第三个耦合器303设置。第二个耦合器302靠近第四个耦合器304设置。在本实施例中，通过对第一个耦合器301施加信号进行仿真。此时，信号经第一个耦合器301以及第一个波导管1101传输至第二个耦合器302。另外，通过对第三个耦合器303施加信号进行仿真。此时，信号经第三个耦合器303以及第二波导管1102传输至第四个耦合器304。
图23是图22所示的耦合器30与波导管110的耦合系数曲线示意图。具体的，通过在第一个耦合器301与第三个耦合器303之间测量耦合系数曲线示意图。其中，图23的横坐标为频率，单位为GHz。纵坐标为耦合系数(也称为S31)，单位为dB。由图23可知，第一个耦合器301与第三个耦合器303之间的信号串扰小于35dB。因而，本实施例提供的第一个耦合器301与第三个耦合器303之间的信号串扰较小。
由上文可知，本申请实施例介绍了一种通信系统1000、第一收发模块100以及耦合器30的结构。本申请实施例的耦合器30具有较宽的工作频段(频段范围达到40GHz以上)，能量损耗少(单个耦合器30的能量损耗小于2.6dB)，以及两个耦合器30之间的串扰小(信号串扰小于35dB)。此时，当耦合器30应用于通信系统1000以及第一收发模块100时，通信系统1000与第一收发模块100也能够具有较宽的工作频段、能量损耗少以及信号串扰等优势。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种耦合器，其特征在于，包括介质板、第一导电片、第二导电片、第三导电片、第四导电片、多个第一导电件以及多个第二导电件，其中：
    所述介质板包括朝向相反的第一面与第二面；
    所述第一导电片固定于所述第一面，所述第二导电片固定于所述第二面，所述第一导电片包括第一传输部分和第一辐射部分，所述第一辐射部分的首端连接所述第一传输部分的末端，所述第二导电片包括第二传输部分和第二辐射部分，所述第二辐射部分的首端连接所述第二传输部分的末端，所述第二传输部分与所述第一传输部分相对设置，且所述第二传输部分的末端与所述第一传输部分的末端相对设置，所述第二辐射部分的末端和所述第一辐射部分的末端沿相反的两个方向延伸；
    所述第三导电片与所述第四导电片均固定于所述第一面，且分别位于所述第一传输部分的两侧，所述第三导电片与所述第四导电片均与所述第二传输部分相对设置，所述第三导电片与所述第一传输部分之间形成第一缝隙，所述第四导电片与所述第一传输部分之间形成第二缝隙；
    所述多个第一导电件间隔设置，且沿所述第三导电片靠近所述第一传输部分的边缘的延伸方向排布，所述多个第一导电件均嵌设于所述介质板内，且一端连接所述第三导电片，另一端连接所述第二传输部分，所述多个第二导电件间隔设置，且沿所述第四导电片靠近所述第一传输部分的边缘的延伸方向排布，所述多个第二导电件均嵌设于所述介质板内，且一端连接所述第四导电片，另一端连接所述第二传输部分。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述第一传输部分包括依次连接的第一段、第二段以及第三段，所述第三段远离所述第二段的端部为所述第一传输部分的末端，所述第一段的宽度小于所述第三段的宽度，所述第二段的宽度在所述第一传输部分的首端向所述第一传输部分的末端的方向上增大。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述第一辐射部分还包括依次连接的第一边缘、第二边缘、第三边缘以及第四边缘，所述第一边缘连接于所述第一传输部分朝向所述第四导电片的边缘，所述第四边缘连接于所述第一传输部分朝向所述第三导电片的边缘；
    所述第一边缘为曲线。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述第一辐射部分包括朝向相反的顶面与底面，所述底面连接于所述介质板的第一面，所述耦合器具有多个第一凹槽，所述多个第一凹槽间隔地沿所述第三边缘排布，所述多个第一凹槽均自所述第一辐射部分的顶面贯穿至所述第一辐射部分的底面，且所述多个第一凹槽均贯穿所述第三边缘的所在侧面。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述第一缝隙的宽度在所述第一缝隙的延伸方向上不变。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述多个第一导电件的每一个的中心至所述第三导电片靠近所述第一传输部分的边缘的距离相等。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述介质板还包括末端面，所述末端面连接于所述第一面与所述第二面之间，所述第一辐射部分的末端以及所述第二辐射部分的末端连接于所述末端面，所述耦合器包括能量汇聚器，所述能量汇聚器连接于所述末端面，且所述能量汇聚器正对于所述第一辐射部分与所述第二辐射部分的张开区域，所述能量汇聚器用于汇聚电磁波。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述能量汇聚器呈半圆柱结构，所述能量汇聚器沿远离所述介质板的方向凸出。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述耦合器还包括能量引向器，所述能量引向器固定于所述第一面，且位于所述第一辐射部分与所述第二辐射部分的张开区域内，所述能量引流器用于将电磁波引向所述能量汇聚器。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述能量引向器包括沿第一方向间隔排布的第一金属段和第二金属段，在第二方向上，所述第二金属段的长度大于所述第一金属段的长度，所述第一方向为所述第一传输部分的延伸方向，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述能量引向器还包括第三金属段，所述第三金属段位于所述第二金属段远离所述第一金属段的一侧，在所述第二方向上，所述第三金属段的长度大于所述第二金属段的长度。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的耦合器，其特征在于，所述第二传输部分的末端相对所述第三导电片和所述第四导电片伸出。
  13. 一种收发模块，其特征在于，包括电路板、芯片和如权利要求1至12任一项所述的耦合器，所述芯片与所述耦合器均固定于所述电路板，所述第一导电片的所述第一传输部分电连接于所述芯片的信号端，所述第三导电片电连接于所述芯片的第一接地端，所述第四导电片电连接于所述芯片的第二接地端。
  14. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括传输线，所述传输线包括波导管以及如权利要求13所述的收发模块，所述收发模块的数量为两个，所述波导管位于两个所述收发模块之间，所述波导管用于传播两个所述收发模块之间的电磁波。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统还包括第一设备以及第二设备，所述传输线连接于所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间，所述传输线用于所述第一设备和所述第二设备之间的数据信号传输。
PCT/CN2021/102611 2020-06-29 2021-06-28 耦合器、收发模块及通信系统 WO2022001914A1 (zh)

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