WO2022001143A1 - 电化学装置、用电装置、电动车及供电控制方法 - Google Patents

电化学装置、用电装置、电动车及供电控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022001143A1
WO2022001143A1 PCT/CN2021/078231 CN2021078231W WO2022001143A1 WO 2022001143 A1 WO2022001143 A1 WO 2022001143A1 CN 2021078231 W CN2021078231 W CN 2021078231W WO 2022001143 A1 WO2022001143 A1 WO 2022001143A1
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Prior art keywords
switch
electrochemical device
power supply
circuit
electrically connected
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PCT/CN2021/078231
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周军
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东莞新能安科技有限公司
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Application filed by 东莞新能安科技有限公司 filed Critical 东莞新能安科技有限公司
Priority to JP2021517617A priority Critical patent/JP7307156B2/ja
Priority to AU2021202525A priority patent/AU2021202525B2/en
Priority to US17/219,728 priority patent/US20210408815A1/en
Publication of WO2022001143A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022001143A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature

Definitions

  • the present application relates to an electrochemical device, an electrical device, an electric vehicle, and a power supply control method for the electrochemical device.
  • the function of the precharge circuit is to avoid the impact of large current when powering on, thereby protecting the battery and high-voltage devices.
  • a pre-discharge resistor and a control switch are usually used to realize the function of pre-charge.
  • the pre-discharge resistor will generate serious heat when subjected to overload power for a certain period of time. When the circuit is externally short-circuited, the heating of the pre-discharge resistor is more serious.
  • it is usually necessary to use a high-power resistor which will take up a lot of space and cannot be installed in a miniaturized battery structure space. The application is very limited, especially when the control switch fails. The pre-discharge resistor will continue to heat up, which may cause the device to smoke and burn, and even cause the battery to explode.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electrochemical device for providing power to an electrical device
  • the electrochemical device includes a battery pack, a main power supply circuit, a precharge circuit and a control module;
  • the main power supply circuit is electrically connected in the battery pack;
  • the precharge circuit includes a first switch and a thermal element, the thermal element is used to electrically connect the first switch, and the impedance of the thermal element increases with the increase of temperature; so
  • the first switch is electrically connected to the control module and the power supply main circuit;
  • the control module is used to control the power supply main circuit to be turned off; the control module is also used to control the first switch to be closed to conduct the precharge circuit; when the precharge circuit reaches a preset condition, the control module controls the first switch to be turned off to turn off the precharge circuit.
  • the preset condition includes that the precharge current value is greater than a preset threshold value.
  • the thermal element is used to limit the precharge current.
  • the pre-charging circuit further includes a temperature control switch, the thermal element is further connected to the temperature control switch, and after the temperature control switch detects that the temperature of the thermal element is greater than a preset threshold, the The thermostat switch is off.
  • the control module controls the main power supply loop to be turned on.
  • the preset condition includes that the pre-charging time is greater than the preset time.
  • the electrochemical device further includes a current detection circuit, the current detection circuit is electrically connected between the precharge circuit and the control module, so as to detect the voltage of the precharge circuit precharge current, and feedback the detected precharge current to the control module.
  • the temperature-controlled switch is electrically connected between the thermal element and the first switch, the temperature-controlled switch is disposed close to the thermal element, and the temperature-controlled switch is used for sensing Measure the temperature of the thermal element.
  • the first end of the first switch is electrically connected to the control module
  • the second end of the first switch is electrically connected to the temperature control switch
  • the first end of the first switch is electrically connected to the temperature control switch.
  • the two terminals are electrically connected to the current detection circuit.
  • the main power supply circuit includes a second switch and a third switch, a first end of the second switch is electrically connected to the control module, and a second end of the second switch is electrically connected at the second end of the third switch, the third end of the second switch is electrically connected to the third end of the first switch, the first end of the third switch is electrically connected to the control module, The third end of the third switch is electrically connected to one end of the load.
  • the electrochemical device further includes a fuse, a first end of the fuse is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, and a second end of the fuse is electrically connected to the power supply Input terminal of the main circuit.
  • the thermal element is connected in series with the first switch.
  • the electrochemical device is a battery pack.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrochemical device for providing power to an electrical device, the electrochemical device comprising a battery pack, a main power supply circuit, a pre-charging circuit and a control module;
  • the power supply main circuit is electrically connected to the battery pack, the pre-charging circuit includes a first switch and a thermal element, the thermal element is used to electrically connect the first switch, and the impedance of the thermal element varies with temperature. rise to rise
  • the first switch is electrically connected to the control module and the main power supply circuit, and the thermal element is electrically connected to the first switch.
  • the thermal element is a ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor device.
  • the thermal element is connected in series with the first switch.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a power supply control method for an electrochemical device, including: controlling a first switch to be closed to turn on a precharging circuit including a thermal element, and precharging an electrical device through the precharging circuit ; wherein, the thermal element is used to electrically connect the first switch, and the impedance of the thermal element increases as the temperature increases; and when the pre-charging circuit reaches a preset condition, controlling the thermal element The first switch is opened to turn off the precharge circuit.
  • the preset condition includes that the precharge current value is greater than a preset threshold value.
  • the method further includes: the preset condition includes that the pre-charging time is greater than the preset time.
  • the method further includes: controlling the main circuit to maintain a disconnected state when the pre-charging circuit reaches a preset condition.
  • the method further includes: controlling the main loop to maintain a conducting state when the pre-charging circuit reaches an unpredetermined condition.
  • the method further includes: controlling the first switch to be turned off when the pre-charging circuit reaches a non-preset condition.
  • the method further includes: controlling the first switch to be turned on when the precharge circuit reaches an unpreset condition.
  • the first switch fails.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, the electrical device is electrically connected to the electrochemical device described above, and the electrochemical device is used to provide power to the electrical device.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device according to the above, wherein the electrical device is provided with a load, and the output end of the precharge circuit is electrically connected to the input end of the load.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric vehicle, the electric vehicle is electrically connected to the electrochemical device as described above, and the electrochemical device is used to provide electric power for the electric vehicle.
  • the electrochemical device, the power-consuming device, the electric vehicle, and the power supply control method provided by the embodiments of the present application use a pre-charging circuit to charge the capacitor of the power-consuming device and supply power to some low-power loads, so as to solve the problems caused by directly closing the main circuit switch.
  • the problem that the electrical device cannot work normally due to overcurrent protection at the moment of power-on It can realize the power supply function of the pre-discharge circuit to the low-power circuit module in the electrical device, and avoid the safety risk caused by the overload of the ordinary pure resistive pre-charge circuit or the failure of the control pre-discharge circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the first embodiment of the electrochemical device of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the electrochemical device of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the first embodiment of the power supply control method of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of the power supply control method of the present application.
  • the first switch Q1 The first switch Q1
  • the third switch Q3 is the third switch Q3
  • the first resistor R1 The first resistor R1
  • the second resistor R2 is the second resistor
  • the first capacitor C1 The first capacitor C1
  • the first power element L1 is the first power element L1
  • the second power element L2 is the second power element L2
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrochemical device 100 , and the electrochemical device 100 is electrically connected to an electrical device 200 for providing power to the electrical device 200 .
  • the electrochemical device 100 in the embodiments of the present application may be a battery device, and the electrical device 200 may be an electric vehicle.
  • the electrochemical device 100 includes a battery pack 10 , a precharge circuit 20 , a main power supply circuit 30 and a control module 40 .
  • the output end of the battery pack 10 is electrically connected to the input end of the fuse 50, the output end of the fuse 50 is electrically connected to the input end of the main power supply circuit 30, and the output end of the main power supply circuit 30 is electrically connected applied to the electrical device 200 .
  • the input end of the precharge circuit 20 is electrically connected to the output end of the battery pack 10 , and the output end of the precharge circuit 20 is electrically connected to the electrical device 200 .
  • the control module 40 is electrically connected to the pre-charging circuit 20 and the main power supply circuit 30 for controlling the on and off of the main power supply circuit 30 and the pre-charging circuit 20 .
  • the precharge circuit 20 includes a first switch Q1 , and the first switch Q1 is connected in series with the control module 40 and the main power supply circuit 30 .
  • the precharge circuit 20 further includes a thermal element F1 connected in series with the first switch Q1.
  • the control module 40 is configured to control the first switch Q1 to be closed to turn on the precharge circuit 20 , thereby precharging the electrical device 200 through the precharge circuit 20 .
  • the control module 40 controls the first switch Q1 to be turned off to turn off the pre-charging circuit 20 , thereby passing through the main power supply circuit 30 The electrical device 200 is powered.
  • a load 210 may be provided at the input end of the electrical device 200 .
  • the output end of the main power supply circuit 30 is electrically connected to the input end of the load 210
  • the output end of the precharge circuit 20 is electrically connected to the input end of the load 210 .
  • the control module 40 controls the first switch Q1 to be turned off to turn off the pre-charging circuit 20 .
  • the control module 40 controls the first switch Q1 to be turned off, so as to turn off the precharge circuit 20 .
  • the electrochemical device 100 may further include a current detection circuit 60 .
  • the current detection circuit 60 is electrically connected to the precharge circuit 20 and the control module 40.
  • the current detection circuit 60 is used to detect the precharge current of the precharge circuit 20, and to detect the precharge current of the precharge circuit 20.
  • the stream is fed back to the control module 40 in real time. Therefore, the control module 40 can control the precharge circuit 20 and the main power supply circuit 30 according to the precharge current fed back by the current detection circuit 60 .
  • the control module 40 when the precharge current value is greater than the preset current value, the control module 40 will control the first switch Q1 to turn off, thereby turning off the precharge circuit 20 .
  • the precharge current of the precharge circuit 20 will be greater than the preset current value, and thus the control module 40 can output a control A signal is sent to the first switch Q1 to turn off the first switch to turn off the precharge circuit 20 .
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the first embodiment of the connection between the electrochemical device 100 and the electrical device 200 of the present application.
  • the precharge circuit 20 includes a first switch Q1 and a thermal element F1.
  • the main power supply loop 30 includes a second switch Q2, a third switch Q3 and a first resistor R1.
  • the first end of the first switch Q1 is electrically connected to the first pin 1 of the control module 40, and the second end of the first switch Q1 is electrically connected to the first end of the thermal element F1, so the The third end of the first switch Q1 is electrically connected to the current detection circuit 60 and the second end of the first resistor R1 , and the first end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack 10 B-, the positive pole B+ of the battery pack 10 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the fuse 50 , and the output terminal of the fuse 50 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the load 210 and the input terminal of the main power supply circuit 30 end.
  • the current detection circuit 60 is electrically connected to the first end and the second end of the first resistor R1, and the current detection circuit 60 is also electrically connected to the third pin 3 of the control module 40, so that the The current detection circuit may acquire the precharge current of the precharge circuit by detecting the voltage across the first resistor R1 , and feed back the acquired precharge current to the control module 40 .
  • the first terminal of the second switch Q2 is electrically connected to the second pin 2 of the control module 40, and the second terminal of the second switch Q2 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the third switch Q3.
  • the third end of the second switch Q2 is electrically connected to the third end of the first switch Q1 and the second end of the first resistor R1, and the first end of the third switch Q3 is electrically connected to the control
  • the fourth pin 4 of the module, the third end of the third switch Q3 is electrically connected to one end of the load 210 .
  • the electrical device 200 includes an electrode controller, a voltage conversion module 220, a fourth switch S1, a fifth switch S2, a sixth switch S3, a first capacitor C1, a second resistor R2, a first power element L1 and a second power Element L2.
  • the first end of the first capacitor C1 , the first end of the second resistor R2 and the first end of the fourth switch S1 are all electrically connected to the output end of the fuse 50 , and the voltage conversion module 220 is electrically connected to the output end of the fuse 50 . Between the first end of the fourth switch S1 and the first end of the fifth switch S2, the voltage conversion module 220 is electrically connected to the third end of the third switch Q3.
  • the second end of the first capacitor C1, the second end of the second resistor R2 and the second end of the motor controller are electrically connected to the third end of the third switch Q3, and the second end of the fourth switch S1
  • the terminal is electrically connected to the first terminal of the motor controller
  • the first power element L1 is electrically connected between the second terminal of the fifth switch S2 and the third terminal of the third switch Q3
  • the The sixth switch S3 is electrically connected between the first end of the second power element L2 and the voltage conversion module 220
  • the second end of the second power element L2 is electrically connected to the first end of the third switch Q3.
  • the first switch Q1 , the second switch Q2 and the third switch Q3 may all be N-type field effect transistors.
  • the first ends of the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2 and the third switch Q3 all correspond to the gate of the N-type field effect transistor, the first switch Q1, the second switch Q3
  • the second terminals of Q2 and the third switch Q3 correspond to the drains of the N-type field effect transistors, and the third terminals of the first switch Q1 , the second switch Q2 and the third switch Q3 correspond to at the source of the N-type field effect transistor.
  • the thermal element F1 is a ceramic positive temperature coefficient (Ceramic Positive Temperature Coefficient, CPTC) thermistor device. That is, the impedance of the CPTC device may increase as the temperature increases.
  • CPTC Ceramic Positive Temperature Coefficient
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the second embodiment in which the electrochemical device 100 of the present application is connected to the electrical device 200 .
  • the difference between the electrochemical device 100 in the second embodiment of the present application and the electrochemical device 100 in the first embodiment is:
  • the precharge circuit 20 in the second embodiment of the present application further includes a temperature-controlled switch T1, and the temperature-controlled switch T1 in this embodiment is electrically connected to the second end of the first switch Q1 and the thermal element F1 between.
  • the temperature control switch T1 is arranged close to the thermal element F1.
  • the temperature control switch T1 is used to sense the temperature of the thermal element F1, and turn off the precharge circuit 20 when the temperature of the thermal element F1 is greater than a preset temperature value.
  • the control module 40 when the control module 40 is powered on, the first pin 1 of the control module 40 will output a first signal to the first switch Q1 to turn on the first switch. At this time, both the second switch Q2 and the third switch Q3 are turned off, that is, the precharging circuit 20 starts to precharge the load in the electrical device. After a certain period of pre-charging, the control module 40 controls the power supply main circuit by controlling the states of the second switch Q2 and the third switch to supply power to the electrical device 200 .
  • the current detection circuit 60 detects that the precharging current exceeds the current threshold, and the first pin 1 of the control module 40 will output The second signal is given to the first switch Q1 to turn off the Q1 to turn off the precharge circuit 20, thereby ending the precharge operation.
  • the first switch Q1 fails, that is, the first switch Q1 cannot be turned off, the combination of the thermal element F1 and the temperature-controlled switch T1 can prevent the consequences caused by the failure of the first switch. That is, at this time, the temperature of the thermal element F1 will increase due to the impedance characteristics. When the temperature rises to the Curie temperature point, the impedance of the thermal element F1 will increase.
  • the loop current will get restricted.
  • the thermal element at this time cannot completely cut off the precharge current, and the temperature control switch T1 will sense the temperature of the thermal element F1 in real time.
  • the temperature control switch T1 will be turned off, thereby turning off the preset temperature value.
  • the charging circuit 20 ends the precharging operation.
  • the technical solution of the present application has the advantages of low power consumption cost and high reliability, can avoid the safety problem of battery explosion caused by the heating of the pre-discharge resistor, and can also improve the user experience.
  • the overcurrent of the thermal element will automatically transform into a high-resistance state, the original impedance can be restored after the overcurrent state is removed and the temperature of the body drops.
  • the impedance of the component is matched with the power, which ensures the external power supply capability and also plays the role of protecting the external load short-circuit state.
  • the technical solution of the present application has a small installation space and high integration.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a power supply control method of the present application.
  • the flowchart of the power supply control method includes the following steps:
  • step S41 the first switch is controlled to be closed to turn on the precharge circuit, and the electric device is precharged through the precharge circuit.
  • Step S42 it is judged whether the precharge current value of the precharge circuit is greater than the preset current value, if yes, go to step S45, otherwise go to step S43.
  • the precharge circuit can normally precharge the electrical device.
  • step S43 it is judged whether the precharge time has reached the preset time, and if so, go to step S44, otherwise, return to step S42.
  • step S44 the states of the second switch and the third switch in the main power supply circuit are controlled, so as to control the main power supply circuit to supply power to the electrical device.
  • Step S45 controlling the first switch to be turned off to turn off the precharge circuit.
  • the precharge current of the precharge circuit is greater than the precharge current, that is, the electrical device is abnormal. At this time, it is necessary to control the first switch to turn off to turn off the precharge circuit, and then end the precharge. Charge.
  • the components can be charged with a small current in advance before the normal power supply, so as to avoid the instantaneous short circuit caused by the direct charging and damage the battery and other components.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of another method for controlling power supply of an electrochemical device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the difference from the method shown in FIG. 5 is that the method shown in FIG. 6 further provides a method for supplying power when the first switch fails.
  • the power supply control method shown in FIG. 6 may include the following steps:
  • step S51 the first switch is controlled to be closed to turn on the precharge circuit, and the electric device is precharged through the precharge circuit.
  • Step S52 it is judged whether the precharge current value of the precharge circuit is greater than the preset current value, if yes, go to step S55, otherwise go to step S53.
  • step S53 it is judged whether the pre-charging time reaches the preset time, if so, the process proceeds to step S54, otherwise, the process returns to step S52.
  • step S54 the states of the second switch and the third switch in the main power supply circuit are controlled, so as to control the main power supply circuit to supply power to the electrical device.
  • Step S55 controlling the first switch to be turned off.
  • the control module when the electrical device is abnormal, that is, when the precharge current value is greater than the preset current value, the control module will output a signal to the first switch to control the first switch to turn off .
  • Step S56 it is judged whether the first switch has failed, if the first switch has failed, then go to step S57, otherwise go to step S510.
  • step S57 the temperature of the thermal element is raised to limit the precharge current.
  • Step S58 the temperature control switch senses the temperature of the thermal element in real time.
  • Step S59 whether the temperature control switch is disconnected, if disconnected, go to step S510, otherwise return to step S58.
  • the temperature control switch when the temperature of the thermal element is higher than the preset temperature value, that is, when the temperature value of the thermal element reaches the Curie temperature point, the temperature control switch will be automatically turned off. When the temperature of the thermal element is lower than the preset temperature value, the temperature control switch will not be turned off, that is, the temperature control switch will continue to sense the temperature of the thermal element.
  • step S510 when the temperature control switch is turned off, the precharging circuit can be turned off, and the precharging operation is ended.
  • the pre-charging circuit and the main power supply circuit based on the thermal element, the pre-charging circuit of the high-power pre-charging resistor is replaced, the miniaturization of the BMS is realized in the installation, and the functions of pre-charging and low-power power supply are realized functionally and at the same time avoid It solves the problem that the pre-discharge resistor heats up, which may cause the battery to explode.

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电化学装置包括电池组、供电主回路、预充电电路及控制模块，所述预充电电路包括第一开关及热敏元件，所述热敏元件用于电连接所述第一开关，所述热敏元件的阻抗随温度的升高而升高，所述第一开关电连接于所述控制模块及所述供电主回路，所述热敏元件电连接于所述第一开关，所述控制模块用于控制所述第一开关闭合来导通所述预充电电路。在预充电电路达到预设条件的情形下，所述控制模块控制所述第一开关断开来关断所述预充电电路。本申请还提供一种用电装置、电动车及电化学装置的供电控制方法。具有集成度高、功耗成本低及可靠性高等优点，可以避免由于预放电电阻的发热而造成电池燃爆的安全问题。

Description

电化学装置、用电装置、电动车及供电控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及一种电化学装置、用电装置、电动车及电化学装置的供电控制方法。
背景技术
电动汽车控制器内部都有较大的电容，如果没有预充电回路，在对整车进行上电时，电容上往往无电荷或仅有残留的电压，如直接将电池供电接至电容两端相当于瞬间短路，可能会损坏电池及其他的高压器件。因此，预充电回路的作用就是避免上电时的大电流冲击，由此来保护电池及高压器件。
现有技术中通常是使用预放电电阻以及控制开关来实现预充电的功能。然而，预放电电阻在承受一定时间的过载功率时会严重的发热。当回路被外部短路时，预放电电阻发热更为严重。为了保证预放电电阻工作的可靠性，通常需要使用大功率电阻，由此将会占用大量空间，无法在小型化电池结构空间中安装，应用十分受限，特别是当控制开关失效的情况下会造成预放电电阻持续升温，由此将可能会引起器件冒烟及烧毁，甚至会导致电池燃爆的后果。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种电化学装置、用电装置、电动车及电化学装置的供电控制方法，具有集成度高、功耗成本低及可靠性高等优点，可以避免由于预放电电阻的发热而造成电池燃爆的安全问题，并且还能提高用户的使用体验度。
本申请的一实施方式提供一种电化学装置，用于为用电装置提供电力，所述电化学装置包括电池组、供电主回路、和预充电电路及控制模块；所述供电主回路电连接于电池组；所述预充电电路包括第一开关及热敏元件，所述热敏元件用于电连接所述第一开关，所述热敏元件的阻抗随温度的升高而升高；所述第一开关电连接于所述控制模块及所述供电主回路；所述控制模块用于控制所述供电主回路关断；所述控制模块还用于控制所述第一开关闭合来导通所述预充电电路；在预充电电路达到预设条件的情形时，所述控制模块控制所述第一开关断开来关断所述预充电电路。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，预设条件包括预充电流值大于预设阈值。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，若所述第一开关失效，所述热敏元件的温度继续上升且所述热敏元件自身阻抗增大，所述热敏元件用于限制所述预充电流。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述预充电电路还包括温控开关，所述热敏元件还连接温控开关，所述温控开关检测到热敏元件的温度大于预设阈值后， 所述温控开关断开。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，在预充电电路未达到预设条件的情形下，控制模块控制所述供电主回路导通。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，预设条件包括预充时间大于预设时间。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述电化学装置还包括电流检测电路，所述电流检测电路电连接于所述预充电电路与所述控制模块之间，以用于检测所述预充电电路的预充电流，并将所检测到的预充电流反馈给所述控制模块。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述温控开关电连接于热敏元件与所述第一开关之间，所述温控开关靠近于所述热敏元件设置，所述温控开关用于感测所述热敏元件的温度。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述第一开关的第一端电连接于所述控制模块，所述第一开关的第二端电连接于所述温控开关，所述第一开关的第二端电连接于所述电流检测电路。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述供电主回路包括第二开关及第三开关，所述第二开关的第一端电连接于所述控制模块，所述第二开关的第二端电连接于所述第三开关的第二端，所述第二开关的第三端电连接于所述第一开关的第三端，所述第三开关的第一端电连接于所述控制模块，所述第三开关的第三端电连接于负载的一端。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述电化学装置还包括熔断器，所述熔断器的第一端电连接于所述电池组的正极，所述熔断器的第二端电连接于所述供电主回路的输入端。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述热敏元件与所述第一开关串联。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述电化学装置为电池包。
本申请的一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置，用于为用电装置提供电力，所述电化学装置包括电池组、供电主回路、和预充电电路及控制模块；
所述供电主回路电连接于电池组，所述预充电电路包括第一开关及热敏元件，所述热敏元件用于电连接所述第一开关，所述热敏元件的阻抗随温度的升高而升高；
所述第一开关电连接于所述控制模块及所述供电主回路，所述热敏元件电连接于所述第一开关。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述热敏元件为陶瓷正温度系数热敏电阻器件。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述热敏元件与所述第一开关串联。
本申请的一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置的供电控制方法，包括：控制第一开关闭合以导通包括热敏元件的预充电电路，通过所述预充电电路对用电装置进行预充电；其中，所述热敏元件用于电连接所述第一开关，所述热敏元件的阻抗随温度的升高而升高；以及在预充电电路达到预设条件的情形下，控制所述第一开关断开来关断所述预充电电路。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，还包括：所述预设条件包括预充电流值大于 预设阈值。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，还包括：所述预设条件包括预充时间大于预设时间。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，还包括：在预充电电路达到预设条件的情形下，控制所述主回路保持断开状态。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，还包括：在预充电电路达到未预设条件的情形下，控制所述主回路保持导通状态。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，还包括：在预充电电路达到未预设条件的情形下，控制所述第一开关关断。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，还包括：在预充电电路达到未预设条件的情形下，控制所述第一开关导通。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，还包括：若所述第一开关处于失效状态，所述热敏元件的温度继续上升且所述热敏元件自身阻抗增大，以限制所述预充电流。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，若所述热敏元件的温度继续上升且所述热敏元件自身阻抗增大，则确定所述第一开关失效。
本申请的一实施方式还提供一种用电装置，所述用电装置电连接于上述所述的电化学装置，所述电化学装置用于为所述用电装置提供电力。
本申请的一实施方式还提供一种根据上述所述的用电装置，所述用电装置设置有负载，所述预充电路的输出端电连接于所述负载的输入端。
本申请的一实施方式还提供一种电动车，所述电动车电连接于如上述所述的电化学装置，所述电化学装置用于为所述电动车提供电力。
本申请实施方式提供的电化学装置、用电装置、电动车及供电控制方法，通过预充电电路对用电装置的电容充电及对部分小功率负载供电，解决了直接闭合主回路开关带来的用电装置上电瞬间由于过流保护导致无法正常工作的问题，通过采用温控开关串入热敏元件回路及电流检测电路对预放电回路的多重控制及检测，在不改变回路连接方式的前提下可以实现预放电回路对用电装置中的小功率电路模块的供电功能，并避免了普通纯电阻式预充回路因为过载或控制预放电回路失效造成的安全风险。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施方式的电化学装置的示意图。
图2为本申请另一实施方式的电化学装置的示意图。
图3为本申请电化学装置的第一实施方式的电路图。
图4为本申请电化学装置的第二实施方式的电路图。
图5为本申请供电控制方法的第一实施方式的流程图。
图6为本申请供电控制方法的第二实施方式的流程图。
主要元件符号说明
电化学装置                     100
用电装置                       200
电池组                         10
预充电电路                     20
供电主回路                     30
控制模块                       40
熔断器                         50
电流检测电路                   60
负载                           210
电压转换模块                   220
第一开关                       Q1
第二开关                       Q2
第三开关                       Q3
第四开关                       S1
第五开关                       S2
第六开关                       S3
热敏元件                       F1
温控开关                       T1
第一电阻                       R1
第二电阻                       R2
第一电容                       C1
第一功率元件                   L1
第二功率元件                   L2
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步详细说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。
请参阅图1及图2，本申请的实施方式提供一种电化学装置100，所述电化学装置100电连接于用电装置200，用于为用电装置200提供电力。可以理解，本申请的实施方式中的所述电化学装置100可以为电池装置，所述用电装置200可以为电动汽车。
具体到本申请的实施方式中，所述电化学装置100包括电池组10、预充电电路20、供电主回路30及控制模块40。
所述电池组10的输出端电连接于熔断器50的输入端，所述熔断器50的输出端电连接于所述供电主回路30的输入端，所述供电主回路30的输出端电连接于所述用电装置200。
所述预充电电路20的输入端电连接于所述电池组10的输出端，所述预充电电路20的输出端电连接于所述用电装置200。
所述控制模块40电连接于所述预充电电路20及所述供电主回路30，以用于控制所述供电主回路30及所述预充电电路20的导通与断开。
具体地，本申请实施方式中，所述预充电电路20包括第一开关Q1，所述第一开关Q1串联于所述控制模块40及所述供电主回路30。所述预充电电路20还包括与所述第一开关Q1串接的热敏元件F1。
所述控制模块40用于控制所述第一开关Q1闭合来导通所述预充电电路20，由此来通过所述预充电电路20对用电装置200进行预充电。当所述用电装置200的预充电达到预设条件后，所述控制模块40控制所述第一开关Q1断开来关断所述预充电电路20，由此来通过所述供电主回路30对所述用电装置200进行供电。
本申请的实施方式中，所述用电装置200的输入端可以设有负载210。所述供电主回路30的输出端电连接于所述负载210的输入端，所述预充电电路20的输出端电连接于所述负载210的输入端。具体地，当对所述负载210的预充电达到预设时间后，所述控制模块40控制所述第一开关Q1断开来关断所述预充电电路20。当对所述负载210的预充电流值大于预设电流值时，所述控制模块40控制所述第一开关Q1断开，以关断所述预充电电路20。
本申请的实施方式中，所述电化学装置100还可包括电流检测电路60。所述电流检测电路60电连接于所述预充电电路20与所述控制模块40，所述电流检测电路60用于检测所述预充电电路20的预充电流，并将所检测到的预充电流实时地反馈给所述控制模块40。由此，所述控制模块40可以根据所述电流检测电路60所反馈的预充电流来对预充电电路20及所述供电主回路30进行控制。
具体地，当所述预充电流值大于预设电流值时，所述控制模块40将会控制所述第一开关Q1断开，由此来关断所述预充电电路20。例如，若所述用电装置200发生如短路等的异常情况，此时，所述预充电电路20的预充电流将会大于预设电流值时，由此，所述控制模块40可以输出控制信号给所述第一开关Q1，以断开所述第一开关来关断所述预充电电路20。
请参阅图3，为本申请的电化学装置100与用电装置200连接的第一实施方式的电路图。
本申请的实施方式中，所述预充电电路20包括第一开关Q1以及热敏元件F1。所述供电主回路30包括第二开关Q2、第三开关Q3及第一电阻R1。
所述第一开关Q1的第一端电连接于所述控制模块40的第一引脚1，所述第一开关Q1的第二端电连接于所述热敏元件F1的第一端，所述第一开关Q1的第三端电连接于所述电流检测电路60及所述第一电阻R1的第二端，所述第一电阻R1的第一端电连接于所述电池组10的负极B-，所述电池组10的正极B+电连接于所述熔断器50的输入端，所述熔断器50的输出端电连接于所述负载210的输入端及所述供电主回路30的输入端。
所述电流检测电路60电连接于所述第一电阻R1的第一端及第二端，所述电流检测电路60还电连接于所述控制模块40的第三引脚3，由此，所述电流检测电路可以通过检测所述第一电阻R1两端的电压来获取所述预充电电路的预充电流，并将获取到的预充电流反馈给所述控制模块40。
所述第二开关Q2的第一端电连接于所述控制模块40的第二引脚2，所述第二开关Q2的第二端电连接于所述第三开关Q3的第二端，所述第二开关Q2的第三端电连接于所述第一开关Q1的第三端及所述第一电阻R1的第二端，所述第三开关Q3的第一端电连接于所述控制模块的第四引脚4，所述第三开关Q3的第三端电连接于所述负载210的一端。
所述用电装置200包括电极控制器、电压转换模块220、第四开关S1、第五开关S2、第六开关S3、第一电容C1、第二电阻R2、第一功率元件L1及第二功率元件L2。
所述第一电容C1的第一端、第二电阻R2的第一端及第四开关S1的第一端均电连接于所述熔断器50的输出端，所述电压转换模块220电连接于所述第四开关S1的第一端与所述第五开关S2的第一端之间，所述电压转换模块220电连接于所述第三开关Q3的第三端。所述第一电容C1的第二端、第二电阻R2的第二端及电机控制器的第二端电连接于所述第三开关Q3的第三端，所述第四开关S1的第二端电连接于所述电机控制器的第一端，所述第一功率元件L1电连接于所述第五开关S2的第二端与所述第三开关Q3的第三端之间，所述第六开关S3电连接于所述第二功率元件L2的第一端与所述电压转换模块220之间，所述第二功率元件L2的第二端电连接于所述第三开关Q3的第三端。
本申请的实施方式中，所述第一开关Q1、所述第二开关Q2及所述第三开关Q3均可以为N型场效应管。所述第一开关Q1、所述第二开关Q2及所述第三开关Q3的第一端均对应于所述N型场效应管的栅极，所述第一开关Q1、所述第二开关Q2及所述第三开关Q3的第二端对应于所述N型场效应管的漏极，所述第一开关Q1、所述第二开关Q2及所述第三开关Q3的第三端对应于所述N型场效应管的源极。
本申请的实施方式中，所述热敏元件F1为陶瓷正温度系数(Ceramic Positive Temperature Coefficient，CPTC)热敏电阻器件。即所述CPTC器件的阻抗可以随温度的升高而升高。
请参阅图4，为本申请的电化学装置100与用电装置200连接的第二实施方 式的电路图。
本申请第二实施方式中的电化学装置100与第一实施方式中的电化学装置100的区别在于：
本申请第二实施方式中的预充电电路20还包括温控开关T1，本实施方式中的所述温控开关T1电连接于所述第一开关Q1的第二端与所述热敏元件F1之间。
所述温控开关T1靠近于所述热敏元件F1设置。所述温控开关T1用于感测所述热敏元件F1的温度，并在所述热敏元件F1的温度值大于预设温度值时关断所述预充电电路20。
下面将以图4示出的电路对本申请的用电装置200的工作原理进行说明。
使用时，当所述控制模块40上电时，所述控制模块40的第一引脚1将输出第一信号给所述第一开关Q1，以导通所述第一开关。此时，第二开关Q2及第三开关Q3均断开，即所述预充电电路20开始为用电装置中的负载进行预充电。经过一定时间的预充电，所述控制模块40通过控制所述第二开关Q2及所述第三开关的状态来控制所述供电主回路来为所述用电装置200供电。
在预充电过程中，当所述用电装置200发生异常(如短路)时，所述电流检测电路60检测到预充电流超出电流阈值，所述控制模块40的第一引脚1将会输出第二信号给所述第一开关Q1，以断开所述Q1来关断所述预充电电路20，从而结束预充电动作。然而，若所述第一开关Q1失效，即所述第一开关Q1无法断开时，所述热敏元件F1与所述温控开关T1的结合可以预防第一开关失效而造成的后果。即，此时所述热敏元件F1因阻抗特性会使得温度升高，当温度上升到居里温度点时，所述热敏元件F1的阻抗将会增大，根据欧姆定律，回路电流将会得到限制。然而此时的热敏元件并不能完全切断该预充电流，所述温控开关T1将实时感测所述热敏元件F1的温度。在所述热敏元件F1的温度大于预设温度值时，即所述热敏元件F1的温度达到了居里温度点时，所述温控开关T1将会断开，进而断开所述预充电电路20，结束预充电动作。
由此，本申请的技术方案，具有功耗成本低及可靠性高等优点，可以避免由于预放电电阻的发热而造成电池燃爆的安全问题，并且还能提高用户的使用体验度。
由于所述热敏元件的过流将会自动转变成高阻态，移除过流状态且本体温度下降之后又能够恢复原阻抗的特性，当外部需要持续预充电流时，可通过选择热敏元件的阻抗与功率进行匹配，保证了对外部供电能力的同时也起到了对外部负载短路状态进行保护的作用。相比常规同等功率的预充电电路，本申请的技术方案安装空间小且集成度高。
请参阅图5所示，为本申请的供电控制方法的流程图，所述供电控制方法的流程图包括以下步骤：
步骤S41，控制第一开关闭合以导通预充电电路，并通过所述预充电电路对用电装置进行预充电。
步骤S42，判断所述预充电电路的预充电流值是否大于预设电流值，若是， 则进入步骤S45，否则进入步骤S43。
当所述预充电电路的预充电流小于或等于所述预充电流时，即所述预充电电路可以正常地为所述用电装置进行预充电。
步骤S43，判断预充电时间是否达到预设时间，若是，则进入步骤S44，否则返回步骤S42。
步骤S44，控制供电主回路中的第二开关及第三开关的状态，以控制所述供电主回路对用电装置进行供电。
当对所述用电装置的预充电时间到预设时间时，即已经完成所述用电装置的预充电动作。
步骤S45，控制第一开关断开以关断所述预充电电路。
当所述预充电电路的预充电流大于所述预充电流时，即所述用电装置发生异常，此时需要控制所述第一开关断开来关断所述预充电电路，进而结束预充电。
由此，根据本申请的电化学装置的供电控制方法，在正常供电前能够预先对元件进行较小电流充电，避免直充因电容引起瞬间短路进而损坏电池和其它元件。
请参阅图6，图6是根据一示例性实施方式示出的另一种电化学装置的供电控制方法的流程图。与图5所示的方法不同之处在于，图6示出的方法进一步提供了对第一开关失效情况下的供电方法。图6示出的供电控制方法可以包括以下步骤：
步骤S51，控制第一开关闭合以导通预充电电路，并通过所述预充电电路对用电装置进行预充电。
步骤S52，判断所述预充电电路的预充电流值是否大于预设电流值，若是，则进入步骤S55，否则进入步骤S53。
步骤S53，判断预充电时间是否达到预设时间，若是，则进入步骤S54，否则返回步骤S52。
步骤S54，控制供电主回路中的第二开关及第三开关的状态，以控制所述供电主回路对用电装置进行供电。
步骤S55，控制所述第一开关断开。
本申请实施方式中，当所述用电装置异常，即所述预充电流值大于预设电流值时，控制模块将会输出信号给所述第一开关，以控制所述第一开关断开。
步骤S56，判断第一开关是否失效，若所述第一开关已经失效，则进入步骤S57，否则进入步骤S510。
步骤S57，热敏元件温度升高以对预充电流进行限制。
步骤S58，温控开关实时感测热敏元件的温度。
步骤S59，温控开关是否断开，若断开，则进入步骤S510，否则返回步骤S58。
本申请的实施方式中，当热敏元件的温度高于预设温度值时，即所述热敏元件的温度值达到居里温度点时，所述温控开关将会自动断开。当所述热敏元 件的温度低于预设温度值时，所述温控开关不会断开，即所述温控开关将会继续感测热敏元件的温度。
步骤S510，当所述温控开关断开时，即可关断所述预充电回路，结束预充电动作。
通过使用基于热敏元件的预充电电路及供电主回路，取代了大功率预充电阻的预充电路，安装上实现了BMS的小型化，功能上实现了预充电及小功率供电功能并且同时避免了预放电电阻发热可能造成电池燃爆的问题。
本技术领域的普通技术人员应当认识到，以上的实施方式仅是用来说明本申请，而并非用作为对本申请的限定，只要在本申请的实质精神范围之内，对以上实施例所作的适当改变和变化都落在本申请要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种电化学装置，用于为用电装置提供电力，其特征在于，所述电化学装置包括电池组、供电主回路、和预充电电路及控制模块；
    所述供电主回路电连接于电池组；
    所述预充电电路包括第一开关及热敏元件，所述热敏元件用于电连接所述第一开关，所述热敏元件的阻抗随温度的升高而升高；
    所述第一开关电连接于所述控制模块及所述供电主回路；
    所述控制模块用于控制所述供电主回路关断；所述控制模块还用于控制所述第一开关闭合来导通所述预充电电路；
    在预充电电路达到预设条件的情形下，所述控制模块控制所述第一开关断开来关断所述预充电电路。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，预设条件包括预充电流值大于预设阈值。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，若所述第一开关失效，所述热敏元件的温度继续上升且所述热敏元件自身阻抗增大，所述热敏元件用于限制所述预充电流。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述预充电电路还包括温控开关，所述热敏元件还连接温控开关，所述温控开关检测到热敏元件的温度大于预设阈值后，所述温控开关断开。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，在预充电电路未达到预设条件的情形下，控制模块控制所述供电主回路导通。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，预设条件包括预充时间大于预设时间。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置还包括电流检测电路，所述电流检测电路电连接于所述预充电电路与所述控制模块之间，以用于检测所述预充电电路的预充电流，并将所检测到的预充电流值反馈给所述控制模块。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述温控开关电连接于热敏元件与所述第一开关之间，所述温控开关靠近于所述热敏元件设置，所述温控开关用于感测所述热敏元件的温度。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述第一开关的第一端电连接于所述控制模块，所述第一开关的第二端电连接于所述温控开关，所述第一开关的第三端电连接于所述电流检测电路。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述供电主回路包括第二开关及第三开关，所述第二开关的第一端电连接于所述控制模块，所述第二开关的第二端电连接于所述第三开关的第二端，所述第二开关的第三端电连接于所述第一开关的第三端，所述第三开关的第一端电连接于所述控制模块， 所述第三开关的第三端电连接于负载的一端。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述供电主回路还包括熔断器，所述熔断器的第一端电连接于所述电池组的正极，所述熔断器的第二端电连接于所述供电主回路的输入端。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述热敏元件与所述第一开关串联。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置为电池包。
  14. 一种电化学装置，用于为用电装置提供电力，其特征在于，所述电化学装置包括电池组、供电主回路、和预充电电路及控制模块；
    所述供电主回路电连接于电池组，所述预充电电路包括第一开关及热敏元件，所述热敏元件用于电连接所述第一开关，所述热敏元件的阻抗随温度的升高而升高；
    所述第一开关电连接于所述控制模块及所述供电主回路，所述热敏元件电连接于所述第一开关。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，
    所述热敏元件为陶瓷正温度系数热敏电阻器件。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，
    所述热敏元件与所述第一开关串联。
  17. 一种电化学装置的供电控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    控制第一开关闭合以导通包括热敏元件的预充电电路，通过所述预充电电路对用电装置进行预充电；其中，所述热敏元件用于电连接所述第一开关，所述热敏元件的阻抗随温度的升高而升高；
    在预充电电路达到预设条件的情形下，控制所述第一开关断开来关断所述预充电电路。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电化学装置的供电控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述预设条件包括预充电流值大于预设阈值。
  19. 如权利要求17或18所述的电化学装置的供电控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    所述预设条件包括预充时间大于预设时间。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的电化学装置的供电控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在预充电电路达到预设条件的情形下，控制供电主回路保持断开状态。
  21. 如权利要求19所述的电化学装置的供电控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在预充电电路达到未预设条件的情形下，控制供电主回路保持导通状态。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的电化学装置的供电控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在预充电电路达到未预设条件的情形下，控制所述第一开关关断。
  23. 如权利要求21所述的电化学装置的供电控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在预充电电路达到未预设条件的情形下，控制所述第一开关导通。
  24. 如权利要求17至22任意一项所述的电化学装置的供电控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    若所述第一开关处于失效状态，所述热敏元件的温度继续上升且所述热敏元件自身阻抗增大，以用于限制所述预充电流。
  25. 如权利要求17至22任意一项所述的电化学装置的供电控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    若所述热敏元件的温度继续上升且所述热敏元件自身阻抗增大，则确定所述第一开关失效。
  26. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，所述用电装置电连接于如权利要求1-13或权利要求14-16任意一项所述的电化学装置，所述电化学装置用于为所述用电装置提供电力。
  27. 一种根据权利要求26所述的用电装置，其特征在于，所述用电装置设置有负载，所述预充电路的输出端电连接于所述负载的输入端。
  28. 一种电动车，其特征在于，所述电动车电连接于如权利要求1-13或权利要求14-16任意一项所述的电化学装置，所述电化学装置用于为所述电动车提供电力。
PCT/CN2021/078231 2020-06-29 2021-02-26 电化学装置、用电装置、电动车及供电控制方法 WO2022001143A1 (zh)

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