WO2021259213A1

WO2021259213A1 - Paging message sending method, paging message receiving method, and device

Info

Publication number: WO2021259213A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/101341
Authority: WO
Inventors: 谢芳; 刘光毅
Original assignee: 中国移动通信有限公司研究院; 中国移动通信集团有限公司
Priority date: 2020-06-23
Filing date: 2021-06-21
Publication date: 2021-12-30
Also published as: CN113840355B; CN113840355A

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a paging message sending method, a paging message receiving method and apparatus, a network side device, a terminal, and a storage medium. The paging message sending method comprises: obtaining first information of a terminal, the first information being used for indicating power-saving information of the terminal; obtaining a discontinuous reception period of the terminal according to the first information; and sending a paging message according to the discontinuous reception period of the terminal.

Description

Method for sending paging message, method and equipment for receiving paging message

Cross-references to related applications

This application is filed based on a Chinese patent application with an application number of 202010580268.2 and an application date of June 23, 2020, and claims the priority of the Chinese patent application. The entire content of the Chinese patent application is hereby incorporated into this application by reference.

Technical field

This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to a method for sending a paging message, a method and a device for receiving a paging message.

Background technique

In the Long Term Evolution (LTE)/New Radio (NR), when downlink data arrives or system messages are updated, the terminal ( For example, User Equipment (UE) initiates paging. Mobility Management Entity (MME)/Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) according to the tracking area (TA) or access network notification area (Ran Notification area) registered by the terminal Area, RNA) sends a paging message to the network side equipment contained therein (for example, a base station (eNB/gNB)), and the base station continues to broadcast the paging message to inform the UE to initiate radio resource control (Radio Resource Control, RRC) connection establishment Or receive a new paging message.

For power saving considerations, UE paging reception follows the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) principle, and each cell broadcasts the cell’s default DRX paging cycle in the system information (in English, it can be expressed as cell specific DRX cycle) For all UEs in the cell, each UE can also set a UE-specific DRX cycle (in English, it can be expressed as UE-specific DRX cycle) according to its own power and paging system, through the non-access-stratum (Non-Access-Stratum, NAS) message attach request (Attach Request) or tracking area update (Tracking Area Update, TAU) request (Request) sends the UE-specific DRX cycle to the MME/AMF. The MME/AMF transmits the specific DRX cycle information of the paged UE to the base station. The UE wakes up to receive the paging message according to the DRX cycle agreed with the base station (that is, the smaller value of the cell default DRX paging cycle and the UE-specific DRX cycle).

For ordinary UEs, in related technologies, the cell broadcasts a unified cell-specific default DRX cycle (which can be expressed as default DRX cycle in English), and does not distinguish UEs with different power-saving requirements, such as lower power-saving requirements. For high UEs, because the cell-level DRX cycle is configured to be shorter, the actual DRX used at the end is also shorter, and needs to wake up frequently to detect the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). On the other hand, in the related art, the grouping of paging messages is also performed according to the terminal identification (UE-ID), which has nothing to do with the power saving requirements of the UEs, which may cause UEs with different power saving requirements to be awakened at the same time.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the present application provides a method for sending a paging message, a method and a device for receiving a paging message.

In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for sending a paging message, which is applied to a network side device, and includes:

Acquiring first information of the terminal, where the first information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

Obtain the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information;

According to the DRX cycle of the terminal, a paging message is sent.

In the above solution, the power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal, or the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state.

In the above solution, the power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal;

The obtaining the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information includes:

The default DRX cycle corresponding to the power saving level of the terminal is selected as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In the above solution, the method further includes:

Sending second information, where the second information includes: values of multiple cell-level default DRX cycles, where each value of the default DRX cycle corresponds to at least one power saving level;

or,

Sending the fourth information The fourth information includes: a plurality of coefficients, wherein each coefficient corresponds to at least one power saving level, and the coefficient is used to calculate the value of a basic cell-level default DRX cycle to obtain the corresponding The value of the default DRX cycle at the cell level with different power saving requirements.

In the above solution, the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state;

According to the first information, adopt the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal (that is, the above-mentioned UE-specific DRX cycle), or adopt the maximum value of the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal and the default DRX cycle as the terminal’s DRX cycle.

In the above solution, the obtaining the first information of the terminal includes:

Receiving the first information of the terminal forwarded by the MME or AMF, where the first information is sent by the terminal to the MME or AMF during an attachment or tracking area update or other process.

In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for receiving a paging message, which is applied to a terminal, and includes:

Sending first information, where the first information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

Obtain the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information;

According to the DRX cycle, a paging message is received.

In the above solution, the method further includes:

Receiving second information, where the second information includes: values of multiple cell-level default DRX cycles, where each value of the default DRX cycle corresponds to at least one power saving level;

or,

Receive fourth information, where the fourth information includes: a plurality of coefficients, wherein each coefficient corresponds to at least one power saving level, and the coefficient is used to calculate the value of the default DRX cycle of the one basic cell level , To obtain the value of the default DRX cycle of the cell level corresponding to different power saving requirements.

According to the first information, the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal is adopted, or the maximum value of the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal and the default DRX cycle is adopted as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In the above solution, the sending the first information includes:

In an attachment or tracking area update or other process, the first information is sent to the MME or AMF.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for sending a paging message, which is applied to a network side device, and includes:

Sending fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

Send the paging message.

In the above solution, before sending the fifth information, the method further includes:

Acquire sixth information of multiple terminals, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of each terminal.

In the above solution, after obtaining the sixth information of one or more terminals, the method further includes:

Grouping the multiple terminals according to the sixth information of the multiple terminals to obtain grouping information of the multiple terminals;

The sending the paging message includes:

According to the grouping information, the paging message is sent.

In the above solution, the sending of the fifth information includes:

Sending an instruction information sequence, where each instruction information in the instruction information sequence is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

or,

Sending the fifth information through the PDCCH, where the fifth information bits include: one or more bits, and the one or more bits are used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

or,

The fifth information is sent through the PDCCH, and the fifth information includes a bitmap, and each bit in the bitmap is used to indicate power saving information of a terminal that receives or does not receive a paging message.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for receiving a paging message, which is applied to a terminal, and includes:

Receiving fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

According to the fifth information, it is determined whether it is necessary to receive a paging message.

In the above solution, before receiving the fifth information, the method further includes:

Reporting sixth information, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal.

In the above solution, the receiving the fifth information includes:

Receiving an instruction information sequence, where each instruction information in the instruction information sequence is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

or,

Receiving the fifth information through the PDCCH, where the fifth information bits include: one or more bits, and the one or more bits are used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

or,

The fifth information is received through the PDCCH, where the fifth information includes a bitmap, and each bit in the bitmap is used to indicate power saving information of a terminal that receives or does not receive a paging message.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for sending a paging message, which is applied to a network side device, and includes:

The first obtaining module is configured to obtain first information of the terminal, where the first information is used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal;

The first processing module is configured to obtain the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information;

The first sending module is configured to send a paging message according to the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a network side device, including: a first transceiver and a first processor;

The first transceiver sends and receives data under the control of the first processor;

The first processor reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: obtain first information of the terminal, where the first information is used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal; and obtain the terminal according to the first information The DRX cycle of the terminal; according to the DRX cycle of the terminal, a paging message is sent.

In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for receiving a paging message, which is applied to a terminal, and includes:

A third sending module, configured to send first information, where the first information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

The second processing module is configured to obtain the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information;

The first receiving module is configured to receive a paging message according to the DRX cycle.

In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal, including: a second transceiver and a second processor;

The second transceiver sends and receives data under the control of the second processor;

The second processor reads the program in the memory and executes the following operations: sending first information, the first information being used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal; and obtaining the DRX of the terminal according to the first information Period; receiving a paging message according to the DRX period.

In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for sending a paging message, which is applied to a network side device, and includes:

A fourth sending module, configured to send fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

The fifth sending module is configured to send the paging message.

In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a network side device, including: a third transceiver and a third processor;

The third transceiver sends and receives data under the control of the third processor;

The third processor reads the program in the memory and performs the following operations: sending fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message; sending the paging message.

In an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for receiving a paging message, which is applied to a terminal, and includes:

The third receiving module is configured to receive fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

The judging module is configured to judge whether it is necessary to receive a paging message according to the fifth information.

In a twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal, including: a fourth transceiver and a fourth processor;

The fourth transceiver sends and receives data under the control of the fourth processor;

The fourth processor reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: receive fifth information, the fifth information indicating the power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message; according to the fifth information, determine whether it is necessary to receive the paging message. Call the news.

In a thirteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a readable storage medium with a program stored on the readable storage medium, and when the program is executed by a processor, the steps including the method described above are implemented.

In the embodiment of this application, the network-side device can broadcast multiple sets of cell-level DRX cycles, and a mechanism for separately paging UEs with different power-saving needs to adapt to UEs with different power-saving needs, and solve the problem of not being able to meet different UEs. The problem of different power saving needs.

Description of the drawings

By reading the detailed description of the embodiments of the present application below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only used for the purpose of illustrating the implementation manners of the present application, and are not considered as a limitation to the present application. Also, throughout the drawings, the same reference symbols are used to denote the same components. In the attached picture:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 2 is one of the flowcharts of the method for sending a paging message according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 3 is one of the flowcharts of the method for receiving a paging message according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 4 is the second flowchart of the method for sending a paging message according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 5 is the third flowchart of the method for sending a paging message according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 6 is the second flowchart of the method for receiving a paging message according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 7 is the third flowchart of the method for receiving a paging message according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 8 is one of schematic diagrams of a paging message sending apparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 9 is one of the schematic diagrams of the network side device according to the embodiment of the application;

FIG. 10 is one of the schematic diagrams of a paging message receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 11 is one of schematic diagrams of a terminal according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 12 is a second schematic diagram of a device for sending a paging message according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 13 is a second schematic diagram of a network side device according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 14 is a second schematic diagram of a device for receiving a paging message according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 15 is a second schematic diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the application.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of this application.

The term "including" in the specification and claims of this application and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to clear Instead, those steps or units listed below may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or equipment. In addition, the use of "and/or" in the specification and claims means at least one of the connected objects, such as A and/or B, which means that A and B alone are included, and there are three cases for both A and B.

In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used as examples, illustrations, or illustrations. Any embodiment or design solution described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be construed as being more preferable or advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. To be precise, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to present related concepts in a specific manner.

The technology described in the embodiments of this application is not limited to the fifth-generation mobile communication (5th-generation, 5G) system and subsequent evolution communication systems, and is not limited to the LTE/LTE evolution (LTE-Advanced, LTE-A) system, and is also It can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) and other systems.

The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. The CDMA system can implement radio technologies such as CDMA2000 and Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). UTRA includes Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and other CDMA variants. The TDMA system can implement radio technologies such as the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). OFDMA system can realize such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA ((Evolution-UTRA, E-UTRA)), IEEE 802.11 ((Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 ((WiMAX)), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM and other radio technologies. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and more advanced LTE (such as LTE-A) are new UMTS versions that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). The technology described in the embodiments of this application can be used in the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, and can also be used in other systems and radio technologies.

The embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the drawings. The method and device for sending a paging message and receiving a paging message provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a wireless communication system. Referring to FIG. 1, it is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a wireless communication system provided by an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system may include: a network device 101 and a terminal 102, the terminal 102 may be denoted as UE12, and the terminal 102 may communicate with the network device 101 (transmitting signaling or transmitting data). In actual applications, the connection between the above-mentioned various devices may be a wireless connection. In order to conveniently and intuitively indicate the connection relationship between the various devices, a solid line is used in FIG. 1 to indicate.

The network device 101 provided in this embodiment of the application may be a base station, which may be a commonly used base station, an evolved node base station (eNB), or a network device in a 5G system (for example, the following Equipment such as next generation node base station (gNB) or transmission and reception point (TRP)).

The terminal 102 provided in the embodiment of the application may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (Ultra-Mobile Personal Computer, UMPC), a netbook or a personal digital assistant (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA), and a mobile Internet device (Mobile Internet Device (MID), Wearable Device (Wearable Device), or in-vehicle equipment, etc.

Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for sending a paging message. The execution subject of the method may be a network side device, such as a base station, MME, AMF, etc. The specific steps include: step 201, step 202, and step 203.

Step 201: Acquire first information of a terminal, where the first information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

Step 202: Obtain the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information;

Here, the DRX cycle of the terminal may be the terminal-specific DRX cycle, or the larger value of the terminal-specific DRX cycle and the default DRX cycle.

Step 203: Send a paging message according to the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In the embodiment of this application, the UE and the network side device can select the corresponding default DRX cycle for the subsequent process according to the power saving level of the UE, or the UE and the network side device use the terminal-specific DRX cycle for the subsequent process, or the UE and the network side The device uses the larger value of the terminal-specific DRX cycle and the default DRX cycle to perform processes such as sending subsequent paging messages.

In an embodiment, the power saving information indicates one or a combination of the following: (1) the power saving level of the terminal; (2) whether the terminal is in a power saving state.

Method 1: The power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal;

For example, when the network side device is a base station, the base station may obtain the current power saving level of the terminal through MME or AMF. For example, the base station may obtain the current power saving level of the terminal through a paging message (such as an S1AP paging message).

For another example, the network side device is an MME or AMF, and the UE reports its current power saving level to the MME or AMF through the Attach Request or TAU Request during the attach or TAU process.

Method 2: Power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state;

For example, when the network-side device is a base station, the base station can obtain the power-saving state of the terminal through the MME or AMF. For example, the base station can obtain the power-saving state of the terminal through a paging message (such as an S1AP paging message).

For another example, the network side device is an MME or AMF, and the UE informs the MME or AMF that the terminal is in a power-saving state through an Attach Request or TAU Request during an attach or TAU process.

In some implementation manners, the power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal; the obtaining the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information includes: selecting the power saving level corresponding to the terminal The default DRX cycle is used as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In some embodiments, the method may further include: sending second information, the second information including:

The value of the default DRX cycle of multiple cell levels, where each value of the default DRX cycle corresponds to at least one power saving level.

For example, the network side device can broadcast multiple specific values, such as 32 wireless frames (rf32), 64 wireless frames (rf64), rf32 corresponds to power saving level 1, and rf64 corresponds to power saving level 2. That is, the network side device can broadcast multiple sets of default DRX cycles.

In other embodiments, the method further includes:

Send third information and fourth information, where the third information includes: a value of a basic cell-level default DRX cycle, and the fourth information includes: multiple coefficients, where each coefficient corresponds to at least one node The power level, the coefficient is used to calculate the value of the default DRX cycle of a basic cell level to obtain the value of the default DRX cycle of the cell level corresponding to different power saving requirements.

It is understandable that the above-mentioned third information may be broadcast cell-level DRX in related technologies, or may also be newly broadcast cell-level DRX.

Exemplarily, the value of the default DRX cycle at the basic cell level may be rf64, which of course is not specifically limited.

For example, the network side device broadcasts a basic value, such as rf64, and then broadcasts a set of coefficients {1/2, 1, 2, 4}, indicating that the default DRX cycles used by UEs of different power saving levels are rf32, rf64, rf128( 128 wireless frames), rf256 (256 wireless frames).

In some implementation manners, the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state;

The obtaining the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information includes: according to the first information, adopting the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal, or adopting the terminal-specific DRX cycle and the default DRX cycle of the terminal The maximum value in is used as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In some implementation manners, the network side device receives the first information of the terminal forwarded by the MME or AMF, where the first information is sent by the terminal to the terminal during the attach process or the tracking area update process or other processes. The MME or AMF.

In some embodiments, by using different paging DRX cycles for UEs with different power-saving levels or power-saving states, or indicating before paging or in the PDCCH, it helps the power-saving UE to save unnecessary PDCCH Or physical downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH) detection, so as to help the UE reduce the reception of paging messages.

Referring to FIG. 3, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for sending a paging message. The method is executed by a terminal, and specifically includes: step 301, step 302, and step 303.

Step 301: Send first information, where the first information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

For example, the terminal may send the first information to the MME or AMF during attachment or tracking area update or other processes.

Here, the power saving information indicates one or a combination of the following: (1) the power saving level of the terminal; (2) whether the terminal is in a power saving state.

Step 302: Obtain the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information;

For example, when the power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal, step 302 specifically includes: selecting the default DRX cycle corresponding to the power saving level of the terminal as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

Step 303: Receive a paging message according to the DRX cycle.

It is understandable that before step 302, the terminal may receive the corresponding relationship between the power saving level and the DRX cycle, for example:

Manner 1: The terminal receives the second information, the second information includes: the values of the default DRX cycle of multiple cell levels, wherein each value of the default DRX cycle corresponds to at least one power saving level.

For example, the network side device can broadcast multiple specific values, such as 32 wireless frames (rf32), 64 wireless frames (rf64), rf32 corresponds to power saving level 1, and rf64 corresponds to power saving level 2.

Manner 2: The terminal receives third information and fourth information, the third information includes: a value of a basic cell-level default DRX cycle, and the fourth information includes: multiple coefficients, where each coefficient corresponds to At least one power-saving level, and the coefficient is used to calculate the value of a basic cell-level default DRX cycle to obtain the value of the default DRX cycle of the cell-level corresponding to different power-saving requirements.

In some embodiments, if the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state, in step 302, the terminal adopts the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal or adopts the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information The maximum value of the period and the default DRX period is used as the DRX period of the terminal.

In some embodiments, by using different paging DRX cycles for UEs with different power-saving levels or power-saving states, or indicating before paging or in the PDCCH, it helps the power-saving UE to save unnecessary PDCCH Or PDSCH detection, so as to help the UE reduce the reception of paging messages.

Referring to FIG. 4, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for sending a paging message. The execution subject of the method may be a network side device, such as a base station, MME, AMF, etc. The specific steps include: step 401 and step 402.

Step 401: Send fifth information, where the fifth information indicates power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

For example, the UE reports its current power saving level or power saving state to the MME or AMF through Attach Request or TAU Request in the attach process, TAU process or other processes.

Manner 1: Send an instruction information sequence (sequence), and each instruction information in the instruction information sequence is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

For example, sending sequence0 indicates that this paging does not involve UEs that need special power saving, sending sequence1 indicates that this paging involves all UEs (corresponding to the case where the UE only has a power-saving state without a specific level), or sending sequence1 indicates this paging Involving non-power-saving and power-saving level 1 UEs.

Manner 2: The fifth information is sent through a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), and the fifth information bit includes: one or more bits, and the one or more bits are used to indicate reception Power saving information of the terminal of the paging message;

For example, "0" means that this paging involves only ordinary UEs; "1" means that this paging involves UEs that need to save power; "11" means that this paging involves UEs below the power saving level 3, that is, it includes non- UEs that need special power saving, UEs with power saving levels 1 and 2;

Manner 3: Send the fifth information via PDCCH, the fifth information includes: a bitmap, each bit in the bitmap is used to indicate the power saving of the terminal receiving or not receiving the paging message information.

For example, "1001" indicates that the UEs involved in this paging include UEs that do not require special power saving and UEs with a power saving level of 3.

Step 402: Send the paging message.

Referring to FIG. 5, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for sending a paging message. The execution subject of the method may be a network side device, such as a base station, MME, AMF, etc. The specific steps include: step 501, step 502, and step 503.

Step 501: Acquire sixth information of multiple terminals, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of each terminal.

Step 502: Group the multiple terminals according to the sixth information of the multiple terminals to obtain grouping information of the multiple terminals;

Step 503: Send fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

It can be understood that the sequence of step 502 and step 503 is not limited.

Step 504: Send the paging message according to the grouping information.

Referring to FIG. 6, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for receiving a paging message. The execution subject of the method may be a terminal, and the specific steps include: step 601 and step 602.

Step 601: Receive fifth information, where the fifth information indicates power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

Step 602: Determine whether it is necessary to receive a paging message according to the fifth information.

Manner 1: Receive an instruction information sequence, where each instruction information in the instruction information sequence is used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

Manner 2: The fifth information is received through the PDCCH, the fifth information bit includes: one or more bits, and the one or more bits are used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

Manner 3: The fifth information is received through the PDCCH, where the fifth information includes a bitmap, and each bit in the bitmap is used to indicate power saving information of a terminal that receives or does not receive a paging message.

Referring to FIG. 7, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for receiving a paging message. The execution subject of the method may be a terminal, and the specific steps include: step 701, step 702, and step 703.

Step 701: Report sixth information, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

Step 702: Receive fifth information, where the fifth information indicates power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

Step 703: Determine whether it is necessary to receive a paging message according to the fifth information.

Referring to FIG. 8, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for sending a paging message, which is applied to a network side device, and the device 800 includes:

The first obtaining module 801 is configured to obtain first information of the terminal, where the first information is used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal;

The first processing module 802 is configured to obtain the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information;

The first sending module 803 is configured to send a paging message according to the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In some implementation manners, the power saving information indicates a power saving level of the terminal, or the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state.

In some implementation manners, when the power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal, the first processing module 802 is configured to select a default DRX cycle corresponding to the power saving level of the terminal as the terminal’s power saving level. DRX cycle.

In some implementation manners, the device 800 further includes: a second sending module configured to send second information, the second information including: the value of a default DRX cycle of a plurality of cell levels, wherein the value of each default DRX cycle The value corresponds to at least one power-saving level; or, the third information in sending the fourth information includes: the value of a basic cell-level default DRX cycle, and the fourth information includes: multiple coefficients, where each Each coefficient corresponds to at least one power saving level, and the coefficient is used to calculate the value of the default DRX cycle of the one basic cell level to obtain the value of the default DRX cycle of the cell level corresponding to different power saving requirements.

In some embodiments, when the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state, the first processing module 802 is configured to: use the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information, or use the The maximum value of the terminal-specific DRX cycle and the default DRX cycle of the terminal is used as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In some implementation manners, the first obtaining module 801 is configured to receive first information of the terminal forwarded by the MME or AMF, where the first information is that the terminal receives information from the terminal during attachment or tracking area update or other processes. Sent by the terminal to the MME or AMF.

The device for sending a paging message provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the method embodiment shown in FIG. 2 above, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and details are not described herein again in this embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 9, an embodiment of the present application provides a network-side device. The network-side device includes: a first transceiver 901 and a first processor 902;

The first transceiver 901 sends and receives data under the control of the first processor 902;

The first processor 902 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: obtain first information of the terminal, where the first information is used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal; and obtain the The DRX cycle of the terminal; according to the DRX cycle of the terminal, a paging message is sent.

In some implementation manners, when the power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal, the first processor 902 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: select the power saving level corresponding to the terminal The default DRX cycle is used as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In some implementation manners, the first processor 902 reads a program in the memory to perform the following operations: send second information, where the second information includes: multiple cell-level default DRX cycle values, where each The value of each default DRX cycle corresponds to at least one power saving level; or, the third information in sending the fourth information includes: a value of a basic cell-level default DRX cycle, and the fourth information includes: multiple Coefficients, where each coefficient corresponds to at least one power saving level, and the coefficient is used for calculating the value of the default DRX cycle of the one basic cell level to obtain the default DRX cycle of the cell level corresponding to different power saving requirements The value of.

In some embodiments, when the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state, the first processor 902 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: according to the first information, use the terminal's The terminal-specific DRX cycle, or the maximum value of the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal and the default DRX cycle is adopted as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In some implementation manners, the first processor 902 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: receive the first information of the terminal forwarded by the MME or AMF, where the first information is that the terminal is attached or tracked It is sent by the terminal to the MME or AMF during zone update or other processes.

The network-side device provided in the embodiment of the present application may execute the method embodiment shown in FIG. 2 above, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and details are not described herein again in this embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 10, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for receiving a paging message, which is applied to a terminal, and the device 1000 includes:

The third sending module 1001 is configured to send first information, where the first information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

The second processing module 1002 is configured to obtain the DRX cycle of the terminal according to the first information;

The first receiving module 1003 is configured to receive a paging message according to the DRX cycle.

In some implementation manners, the power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal;

The second processing module 1002 is configured to select a default DRX cycle corresponding to the power saving level of the terminal as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In some embodiments, the device 1000 further includes:

The second receiving module is configured to receive second information, where the second information includes: the values of multiple cell-level default DRX cycles, where each default DRX cycle value corresponds to at least one power saving level; or , Receiving fourth information, where the fourth information includes: a plurality of coefficients, wherein each coefficient corresponds to at least one power saving level, and the coefficient is used with the value of the default DRX cycle of the one basic cell level By calculation, the value of the default DRX cycle of the cell level corresponding to different power saving requirements is obtained.

The second processing module 1002 is configured to: according to the first information, adopt the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal, or adopt the maximum value of the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal and the default DRX cycle as the DRX of the terminal cycle.

In some embodiments, the third sending module 1001 is configured to send the first information to the MME or AMF during attachment or tracking area update or other processes.

The device for receiving a paging message provided in an embodiment of the present application can execute the method embodiment shown in FIG. 3 above, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and the details are not repeated here in this embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 11, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal. The terminal 1100 includes: a second transceiver 1101 and a second processor 1102;

The second transceiver 1101 sends and receives data under the control of the second processor 1102;

The second processor 1102 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: send first information, the first information is used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal; according to the first information, obtain the terminal's DRX cycle; receiving paging messages according to the DRX cycle.

The second processor 1102 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operation: select the default DRX cycle corresponding to the power saving level of the terminal as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In some implementation manners, the second processor 1102 reads a program in the memory to perform the following operations: receive second information, where the second information includes: multiple cell-level default DRX cycle values, where each The value of each default DRX cycle corresponds to at least one power saving level; or, receiving fourth information, where the fourth information includes: a plurality of coefficients, wherein each coefficient corresponds to at least one power saving level, and the coefficient is used Based on the calculation of the value of the default DRX cycle of the cell level with the one basic, the value of the default DRX cycle of the cell level corresponding to different power saving requirements is obtained.

The second processor 1102 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: according to the first information, adopt the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal, or adopt the terminal-specific DRX cycle of the terminal and the default DRX cycle. The maximum value is used as the DRX cycle of the terminal.

In some implementation manners, the second processor 1102 reads a program in the memory to perform the following operations: in an attachment or tracking area update or other process, send the first information to the MME or AMF.

The terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the method embodiment shown in FIG. 3 above, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and details are not described herein again in this embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 12, an embodiment of the present application also provides a device for sending a paging message, which is applied to a network side device, and the device 1200 includes:

The fourth sending module 1201 is configured to send fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

The fifth sending module 1202 is configured to send the paging message.

In some embodiments, the device 1200 further includes:

The second acquiring module is configured to acquire sixth information of multiple terminals, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of each terminal.

In some embodiments, the device 1200 further includes:

The third processing module is configured to group the multiple terminals according to the sixth information of the multiple terminals to obtain grouping information of the multiple terminals;

The fifth sending module 1202 is configured to send the paging message according to the grouping information.

In some implementation manners, the third sending module 1201 is configured to send an instruction information sequence, each of the instruction information in the instruction information sequence is used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message; In the fifth information, the fifth information bit includes: one or more bits, the one or more bits are used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message; or, the second information is sent through the PDCCH Five information, the fifth information includes: a bitmap, and each bit in the bitmap is used to indicate power saving information of a terminal that receives or does not receive a paging message.

The device for sending a paging message provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the method embodiment shown in FIG. 4, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and the details are not repeated here in this embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 13, an embodiment of the present application provides a network side device. The network side device 1300 includes a third transceiver 1301 and a third processor 1302;

The third transceiver 1301 sends and receives data under the control of the third processor 1302;

The third processor 1302 reads the program in the memory and performs the following operations: sending fifth information, the fifth information indicating the power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message; sending the paging message.

In some implementation manners, the third processor 1302 reads a program in the memory to perform the following operations: obtain sixth information of multiple terminals, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of each terminal.

In some implementation manners, the third processor 1302 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: group the multiple terminals according to the sixth information of the multiple terminals to obtain grouping information of the multiple terminals ；

The third processor 1302 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: send the paging message according to the grouping information.

In some implementation manners, the third processor 1302 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: send an instruction information sequence, and each instruction information in the instruction information sequence is used to indicate the section of the terminal receiving the paging message. Electrical information; or, the fifth information is sent through the PDCCH, and the fifth information bits include: one or more bits, and the one or more bits are used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message Or, sending the fifth information through the PDCCH, the fifth information including: a bitmap, and each bit in the bitmap is used to indicate power saving information of a terminal that receives or does not receive a paging message.

Referring to FIG. 14, an embodiment of the present application also provides a device for receiving a paging message, which is applied to a terminal, and the device 1400 includes:

The third receiving module 1401 is configured to receive fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

The judging module 1402 is configured to judge whether it is necessary to receive a paging message according to the fifth information.

In some embodiments, the device 1400 further includes:

The reporting module is configured to report sixth information, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal.

In some embodiments, the third receiving module 1401 is configured to:

or,

The device for receiving a paging message provided by the embodiment of the present application can execute the method embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and details are not described in this embodiment here.

Referring to FIG. 15, an embodiment of the present application also provides a terminal, where the terminal 1500 includes: a fourth transceiver 1501 and a fourth processor 1502;

The fourth transceiver 1501 sends and receives data under the control of the fourth processor 1502;

The fourth processor 1502 reads the program in the memory and executes the following operations: receive fifth information, the fifth information indicating the power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message; according to the fifth information, determine whether it needs to receive Paging message.

In some implementation manners, the fourth processor 1502 reads a program in the memory to perform the following operations: report sixth information, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal.

In some implementation manners, the fourth processor 1502 reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: receive an instruction information sequence, and each instruction information in the instruction information sequence is used to indicate the section of the terminal receiving the paging message. Electric information

or,

The terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the method embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and details are not described in this embodiment here.

The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the disclosure of the present application can be implemented in a hardware manner, or can be implemented in a manner of executing software instructions on a processor. The software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and the software modules can be stored in RAM, flash memory, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disks, mobile hard disks, read-only optical disks, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and can write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the storage medium can be carried in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC can be carried in the core network interface device. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may also exist as discrete components in the core network interface device.

Those skilled in the art should be aware that, in one or more of the foregoing examples, the functions described in this application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, these functions can be stored in a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on the computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium includes a computer storage medium and a communication medium, where the communication medium includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

The specific implementations described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the application. It should be understood that the foregoing are only specific implementations of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. The scope of protection, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made on the basis of the technical solution of this application shall be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the embodiments of the present application may adopt the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

The embodiments of the present application are described with reference to the flowcharts and/or block diagrams of the methods, equipment (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram, and the combination of processes and/or blocks in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing equipment to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment are used to generate It is a device that realizes the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.

These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction device. The device implements the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.

These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce computer-implemented processing, so as to execute on the computer or other programmable equipment. The instructions provide steps for implementing functions specified in a flow or multiple flows in the flowchart and/or a block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the embodiments of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalent technologies, this application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

A method for sending paging messages, applied to a network side device, includes:

Acquiring first information of the terminal, where the first information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

Obtain the discontinuous reception period of the terminal according to the first information;

According to the discontinuous reception period of the terminal, a paging message is sent.
The method of claim 1, wherein:

The power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal, or the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state.
The method according to claim 2, wherein the power saving information indicates a power saving level of the terminal;

The obtaining the discontinuous reception period of the terminal according to the first information includes:

The default discontinuous reception period corresponding to the power saving level of the terminal is selected as the discontinuous reception period of the terminal.
The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the method further comprises:

Sending second information, where the second information includes: values of default discontinuous reception periods of multiple cell levels, where each value of the default discontinuous reception period corresponds to at least one power saving level;

or,

Sending the fourth information The fourth information includes: a plurality of coefficients, wherein each coefficient corresponds to at least one power saving level, and the coefficient is used for calculating the value of a basic cell-level default discontinuous reception period, Obtain the value of the default discontinuous reception period of the cell level corresponding to different power saving requirements.
The method according to claim 2, wherein the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state;

The obtaining the discontinuous reception period of the terminal according to the first information includes:

According to the first information, the terminal-specific discontinuous reception period of the terminal is adopted, or the maximum value of the terminal-specific discontinuous reception period of the terminal and the default discontinuous reception period is adopted as the discontinuous reception period of the terminal cycle.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said obtaining the first information of the terminal comprises:

Receive the first information of the terminal forwarded by the mobility management entity MME or the access and mobility management function AMF, where the first information is sent by the terminal during attachment or tracking area update or other processes To the MME or AMF.
A method for receiving paging messages, applied to a terminal, includes:

Sending first information, where the first information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

Obtain the discontinuous reception period of the terminal according to the first information;

According to the discontinuous reception period, a paging message is received.
The method according to claim 7, wherein:

The power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal, or the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state.
The method according to claim 8, wherein the power saving information indicates a power saving level of the terminal;

The obtaining the discontinuous reception period of the terminal according to the first information includes:

The default discontinuous reception period corresponding to the power saving level of the terminal is selected as the discontinuous reception period of the terminal.
The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the method further comprises:

Receiving second information, where the second information includes: values of multiple cell-level default discontinuous reception periods, where each value of the default discontinuous reception period corresponds to at least one power saving level;

or,

Receive fourth information, where the fourth information includes: a plurality of coefficients, wherein each coefficient corresponds to at least one power saving level, and the coefficient is used to calculate the value of a default discontinuous reception period at a basic cell level , Get the value of the default discontinuous reception period of the cell level corresponding to different power saving requirements.
The method according to claim 8, wherein the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state;

The obtaining the discontinuous reception period of the terminal according to the first information includes:

According to the first information, the terminal-specific discontinuous reception period of the terminal is adopted, or the maximum value of the terminal-specific discontinuous reception period of the terminal and the default discontinuous reception period is adopted as the discontinuous reception period of the terminal cycle.
The method according to claim 7, wherein said sending the first information comprises:

In an attachment or tracking area update or other process, the first information is sent to the MME or AMF.
A method for sending a paging message, applied to a network side device, includes:

Sending fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

Send the paging message.
The method according to claim 13, wherein, before sending the fifth information, the method further comprises:

Acquire sixth information of multiple terminals, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of each terminal.
The method according to claim 14, wherein, after obtaining the sixth information of one or more terminals, the method further comprises:

Grouping the multiple terminals according to the sixth information of the multiple terminals to obtain grouping information of the multiple terminals;

The sending the paging message includes:

According to the grouping information, the paging message is sent.
The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the sending the fifth information comprises:

Sending an instruction information sequence, where each instruction information in the instruction information sequence is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

or,

Sending the fifth information through the PDCCH, where the fifth information bits include: one or more bits, and the one or more bits are used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

or,

The fifth information is sent through the PDCCH, and the fifth information includes a bitmap, and each bit in the bitmap is used to indicate power saving information of a terminal that receives or does not receive a paging message.
The method of claim 16, wherein:

The power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal, or the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state.
A method for receiving paging messages, applied to a terminal, includes:

Receiving fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

According to the fifth information, it is determined whether it is necessary to receive a paging message.
The method according to claim 18, wherein, before receiving the fifth information, the method further comprises:

Reporting sixth information, where the sixth information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal.
The method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein said receiving the fifth information comprises:

Receiving an instruction information sequence, where each instruction information in the instruction information sequence is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

or,

Receiving the fifth information through the PDCCH, where the fifth information bits include: one or more bits, and the one or more bits are used to indicate power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

or,

The fifth information is received through the PDCCH, where the fifth information includes a bitmap, and each bit in the bitmap is used to indicate power saving information of a terminal that receives or does not receive a paging message.
The method of claim 20, wherein:

The power saving information indicates the power saving level of the terminal, or the power saving information indicates whether the terminal is in a power saving state.
A device for sending paging messages, applied to network side equipment, includes:

The first obtaining module is configured to obtain first information of the terminal, where the first information is used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal;

A first processing module configured to obtain a discontinuous reception period of the terminal according to the first information;

The first sending module is configured to send a paging message according to the discontinuous reception period of the terminal.
A network side device, including: a first transceiver and a first processor;

The first transceiver sends and receives data under the control of the first processor;

The first processor reads the program in the memory to perform the following operations: obtain first information of the terminal, where the first information is used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal; and obtain the terminal according to the first information The discontinuous reception period of the terminal; according to the discontinuous reception period of the terminal, a paging message is sent.
A device for receiving paging messages, applied to a terminal, includes:

A third sending module, configured to send first information, where the first information is used to indicate power saving information of the terminal;

The second processing module is configured to obtain the discontinuous reception period of the terminal according to the first information;

The first receiving module is configured to receive a paging message according to the discontinuous receiving period.
A terminal, including: a second transceiver and a second processor;

The second transceiver sends and receives data under the control of the second processor;

The second processor reads the program in the memory and executes the following operations: sending first information, the first information being used to indicate the power saving information of the terminal; Continuous receiving period; receiving a paging message according to the discontinuous receiving period.
A device for sending paging messages, applied to network side equipment, includes:

A fourth sending module, configured to send fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

The fifth sending module is configured to send the paging message.
A network side device, including: a third transceiver and a third processor;

The third transceiver sends and receives data under the control of the third processor;

The third processor reads the program in the memory and performs the following operations: sending fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message; sending the paging message.
A device for receiving paging messages, applied to a terminal, includes:

The third receiving module is configured to receive fifth information, the fifth information indicating power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message;

The judging module is configured to judge whether it is necessary to receive a paging message according to the fifth information.
A terminal, including: a fourth transceiver and a fourth processor;

The fourth transceiver sends and receives data under the control of the fourth processor;

The fourth processor reads the program in the memory and executes the following operations: receiving fifth information, the fifth information indicating the power saving information of the terminal receiving the paging message; according to the fifth information, determining whether it is necessary to receive the paging message. Call the news.
A readable storage medium having a program stored on the readable storage medium, and when the program is executed by a processor, the steps including the method according to any one of claims 1 to 21 are realized.