WO2021258646A1 - 自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统 - Google Patents

自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统 Download PDF

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WO2021258646A1
WO2021258646A1 PCT/CN2020/133280 CN2020133280W WO2021258646A1 WO 2021258646 A1 WO2021258646 A1 WO 2021258646A1 CN 2020133280 W CN2020133280 W CN 2020133280W WO 2021258646 A1 WO2021258646 A1 WO 2021258646A1
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circulation
waste heat
header
water
heat boiler
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PCT/CN2020/133280
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English (en)
French (fr)
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潘宇峰
罗晖
王爽
田忠权
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江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021258646A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021258646A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/50—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers for draining or expelling water

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  • the invention relates to the field of waste heat boilers, in particular to a natural circulation ferrosilicon waste heat boiler circulation system.
  • the waste heat boiler consists of a drum, a movable fume hood, a flue at the furnace mouth section, an oblique section of flue, an oblique section of flue, the last section of flue, the last two sections of flue, feeding pipe (down feed chute) tank, oxygen It consists of muzzle, nitrogen sealing device and nitrogen sealing plug, manhole, differential pressure taking device, flue support and hanger, etc.
  • the waste heat boiler is divided into six circulation loops. Each circulation loop is composed of a downcomer and an ascending tube.
  • the feed water of each section of the flue is introduced from the drum through the downcomer to the lower header of each flue, and then enters each heating surface, and the water passes through The steam generated after the heating surface enters the inlet header, and then is introduced into the drum through the riser. All flues are connected by flanges;
  • the high-temperature flue gas released by the combustion of coal is transported to the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the flue, and then flows through the heater, evaporator and economizer, and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is generally 150 ⁇ 180°C.
  • the heat released when the temperature drops from the high temperature to the exhaust gas temperature is used to turn the water into steam.
  • Boiler feed water first enters the economizer, and the water absorbs heat in the economizer and heats up to a temperature slightly lower than the saturation temperature under the pressure of the steam drum and enters the drum. After the water entering the drum is mixed with the saturated water in the drum, it enters the evaporator along the downcomer below the drum to absorb heat and start to produce steam.
  • the ferrosilicon waste heat boiler has a forced circulation structure, which needs to be internally circulated through a forced circulation pump, which has a large internal power consumption of the boiler, and has the problem of unclean water storage and drainage of the heating surface pipe and header.
  • This scheme adopts a natural circulation structure, does not need to increase a forced circulation pump, and has a sewage collection box at the low point, which can drain the water stored in the heating surface and the collection box. Completely solve the problem.
  • the present invention provides a natural circulation ferrosilicon waste heat boiler circulating system.
  • the waste heat boiler circulating system includes a drum, a downcomer, a heating surface tube bundle and an ascending tube.
  • the waste heat boiler circulating system has two circulation modes, one One mode is forced circulation mode, and the other is natural circulation mode.
  • the boiler water in the forced circulation mode is pumped from the drum through the downcomer through the forced circulation pump into the inlet header, and is evenly divided into the heating surface tube bundles after high temperature flue gas heat exchange, and then becomes steam or a mixture of steam and water. Enter the outlet header, and finally return to the drum through the riser.
  • the heating surface tube bundle in the forced circulation mode has a serpentine tube structure, with both ascending tubes and descending tubes, and there are elbows.
  • the inlet header and the outlet header are at the upper end, and the accumulated water in the tube bundle on the heating surface cannot be drained.
  • the boiler water in the natural circulation mode enters the header 1 from the drum through the downcomer, and then is divided evenly into the heating surface tube bundles through the header 2 to be converted into steam or a mixture of soda and water after high temperature flue gas heat exchange, and then passes through the header 3. After being introduced into header 4, go back to the drum through the rising pipe.
  • the heating surface tube bundle in the natural circulation mode has a straight tube structure, all of which are rising tubes, and there is no vapor resistance phenomenon.
  • the first header is at a low point, which can drain all the accumulated water in the heating surface tube bundle.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the natural circulation ferrosilicon waste heat boiler circulation system adopts a natural circulation structure, and there is no vapor resistance on the heating surface, which can perform better heat exchange, and the water circulation is more reliable;
  • the circulating pump greatly reduces the electricity load of the user unit; at the same time, the low-point sewage structure is adopted to completely drain the boiler water.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the forced circulation of the natural circulation ferrosilicon waste heat boiler circulation system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the natural circulation of the natural circulation ferrosilicon waste heat boiler circulation system of the present invention
  • the waste heat boiler circulation system includes the drum 1, the down tube 2, the heating surface tube bundle 4 and the rising tube 7.
  • the waste heat boiler circulation system has two circulation modes, one One mode is forced circulation mode, and the other is natural circulation mode.
  • the boiler water in the forced circulation mode is pumped from the drum 1 through the downcomer 2 through the forced circulation pump 3 into the inlet header 5, and is evenly divided into the heating surface tube bundle 4 to be converted into steam or a mixture of steam and water after high-temperature flue gas heat exchange. Enter the outlet header 6 and finally return to the drum 1 through the rising pipe 7.
  • the heating surface tube bundle 4 in the forced circulation mode has a serpentine tube structure, with both ascending tubes and descending tubes, and there are elbows.
  • the inlet header 5 and the outlet header 6 are at the upper end, and the accumulated water in the heating surface tube bundle 4 cannot be drained.
  • the boiler water enters from the drum 1 through the downcomer 2 to the header 8 and then divides it into the heating surface tube bundle 4 through the header 2 9 and changes into steam or a mixture of soda and water after high temperature flue gas heat exchange, and then passes through the header Three 10, after being introduced into the header four 11, go back to the drum 1 through the rising pipe 7.
  • the heating surface tube bundle 4 has a straight tube structure, all of which are rising tubes, and there is no vapor lock phenomenon.
  • the header 8 is the low point, which can drain all the accumulated water in the tube bundle 4 of the heating surface.
  • the forced circulation circulation system is: after the boiler water is pumped from the drum 1 through the downcomer 2 through the forced circulation pump 3 into the inlet header 5, it is evenly distributed to the heating surface tube bundle 4 after high temperature flue gas heat exchange.
  • the steam or soda-water mixture enters the outlet header 6, and finally returns to the drum 1 through the riser 7;
  • the heating surface tube bundle 4 is a serpentine tube structure, which has both an ascending tube and a descending tube, and there are elbows.
  • the steam resistance is relatively large, which is easy to form vapor resistance at the elbow; and the header is at the upper end, and the heating surface The stagnant water in the tube bundle 4 cannot be drained;
  • the circulation system of natural circulation is: the boiler water enters the header 8 from the drum 1 through the downcomer 2 (low-point sewage discharge), and then passes through the header 9 to be evenly divided to the heating surface tube bundle 4 after high temperature flue gas heat exchange.
  • the steam or soda-water mixture passes through the header three 10, is introduced into the header four 11, and then returns to the drum 1 through the riser 7;
  • the heating surface tube bundle 4 of the system is a straight pipe structure, all of which are rising tubes, and there is no vapor resistance phenomenon, and the water circulation is reliable; and the header 8 is a low point, which can drain all the accumulated water in the heating surface tube bundle 4;
  • the natural circulation structure is adopted, the heating surface has no vapor resistance, and the heat exchange can be better, and the water circulation is more reliable; the forced circulation pump is removed, which greatly reduces the electricity load of the user unit; at the same time, the low-point sewage structure is adopted to completely remove the boiler The stagnant water is drained.

Abstract

自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，包括锅筒（1）、下降管（2）、受热面管束（4）与上升管（7）。余热锅炉循环系统具有两种循环模式，一种模式为强制循环模式，另一种为自然循环模式。强制循环模式中的炉水由锅筒（1）通过下降管（2）经过强制循环泵（3）打入进口集箱（5）后，均分至受热面管束（4）经高温烟气换热后变成汽或汽水混合物，进入出口集箱（6），最后经上升管（7）回到锅筒（1）内；自然循环模式采用自然循环结构，受热面无汽阻现象，可以更好地进行换热，水循环更加可靠，去掉了强制循环泵（3），大幅降低了用户单位的用电负荷，同时采用低点排污结构，彻底将锅炉的积水排尽。

Description

自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统 技术领域
本发明涉及余热锅炉领域，具体为自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统。
背景技术
余热锅炉由锅筒、活动烟罩、炉口段烟道、斜1段烟道、斜2段烟道、末1段烟道、末2段烟道、加料管(下料溜)槽、氧枪口、氮封装置及氮封塞、人孔、微差压取压装置、烟道的支座和吊架等组成。余热锅炉共分为六个循环回路，每个循环回路由下降管和上升管组成，各段烟道给水从锅筒通过下降管引入到各个烟道的下集箱后进入各受热面，水通过受热面后产生蒸汽进入进口集箱，再由上升管引入锅筒。各个烟道之间均用法兰连接；
燃煤燃烧释放出来的高温烟气经烟道输送至余热锅炉入口，再流经过热器、蒸发器和省煤器，最后经烟囱排入大气，排烟温度一般为150～180℃，烟气温度从高温降到排烟温度所释放出的热量用来使水变成蒸汽。锅炉给水首先进入省煤器，水在省煤器内吸收热量升温到略低于汽包压力下的饱和温度进入锅筒。进入锅筒的水与锅筒内的饱和水混合后，沿锅筒下方的下降管进入蒸发器吸收热量开始产汽，通常是只有一部分水变成汽，所以在蒸发器内流动的是汽水混合物。汽水混合物离开蒸发器进入上部锅筒通过汽水分离设备分离，水落到锅筒内水空间进入下降管继续吸热产汽，而蒸汽从锅筒上部进入过热器，吸收热量使饱和蒸汽变成过热蒸汽。根据产汽过程的三个阶段对应三个受热面，即省煤器、蒸发器和过热器，如果不需要过热蒸汽，只需要饱和蒸汽，可以不装过热器。当有再热蒸汽时，则可加设再热器
目前硅铁余热锅炉均为强制循环结构，该结构需通过强制循环泵打内循环，存在锅炉内耗电力大，并且存在受热面管及集箱存水排不净的问题。本方案采用自然循环结构，不需增加强制循环泵，且低点有排污集箱，可将受热面与集箱的存水排尽。彻底解决了该处难题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，该余热锅炉循环系统包括锅筒、下降管、受热面管束与上升管，余热锅炉循环系统具有两种循环模式，一种模式为强制循环模式，另一种为自然循环模式。
优选的，所述强制循环模式中的炉水由所述锅筒通过下降管经过强制循环泵打入进口集箱后，均分至受热面管束经高温烟气换热后变汽或者汽水混合物，进入出口集箱，最后经上升管，回到所述锅筒内。
优选的，强制循环模式中的受热面管束为蛇形管结构，既有上升管，又有下降管，且存在弯头。
优选的，进口集箱与出口集箱在上端，受热面管束内的积水无法排尽。
优选的，所述自然循环模式中的炉水由锅筒通过下降管进入联箱一，再经过联箱二均分至受热面管束经高温烟气换热后变汽或者汽水混合物，通过联箱三，引入联箱四后经上升管，回到锅筒。
优选的，自然循环模式中的受热面管束为直管结构，均为上升管，不存在汽阻现象。
优选的，所述联箱一为低点，可将受热面管束内的积水全部排尽。
与现有技术对比，本发明具备以下有益效果：该自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，采用自然循环结构，受热面无汽阻现象，可以更好地进行换热，水循环更加可靠；去掉了强制循环泵，大幅降低了用户单位的用电负荷；同时采用低点排污结构，彻底将锅炉的积水排尽。
附图说明
图1为本发明自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统的强制循环示意图；
图2为本发明自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统的自然循环示意图；
图中：1、锅筒；2、下降管；3、强制循环泵；4、受热面管束；5、进口集箱；6、出口集箱；7、上升管；8、联箱一；9、联箱二；10、联箱三；11、联箱四。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1-2，自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，该余热锅炉循环系统包括锅筒1、下降管2、受热面管束4与上升管7，余热锅炉循环系统具有两种循环模式，一种模式为强制循环模式，另一种为自然循环模式。
强制循环模式中的炉水由所述锅筒1通过下降管2经过强制循环泵3打入进口集箱5后，均分至受热面管束4经高温烟气换热后变汽或者汽水混合物，进入出口集箱6，最后经上升管7，回到所述锅筒1内。
强制循环模式中的受热面管束4为蛇形管结构，既有上升管，又有下降管，且存在弯头。
进口集箱5与出口集箱6在上端，受热面管束4内的积水无法排尽。
自然循环模式中的炉水由锅筒1通过下降管2进入联箱一8，再经过联箱二9均分至受热面管束4经高温烟气换热后变汽或者汽水混合物，通过联箱三10，引入联箱四11后经上升管7，回到锅筒1。
自然循环模式中的受热面管束4为直管结构，均为上升管，不存在汽阻现象。
联箱一8为低点，可将受热面管束4内的积水全部排尽。
需要说明的是，强制循环的循环系统为：炉水由锅筒1通过下降管2经过强制循环泵3打入进口集箱5后，均分至受热面管束4经高温烟气换热后变汽或者汽水混合物，进入出口集箱6，最后经上升管7，回到锅筒1；
该系统存在受热面管束4为蛇形管结构，既有上升管，又有下降管，且存在弯头，汽水阻力较大，易在弯头处形成汽阻；且集箱在上端，受热面管束4内的积水不能排尽；
自然循环的循环系统为：炉水由锅筒1通过下降管2进入联箱一8(可低点排污)，再经过联箱二9均分至受热面管束4经高温烟气换热后变汽或者汽水混合物，通过联箱三10，引入联箱四11后经上升管7，回到锅筒1；
该系统受热面管束4为直管结构，均为上升管，不存在汽阻现象，水循环可靠；且联箱一8为低点，可将受热面管束4内的积水全部排尽；
采用自然循环结构，受热面无汽阻现象，可以更好地进行换热，水循环更加可靠；去掉了强制循环泵，大幅降低了用户单位的用电负荷；同时采用低点排污结构，彻底将锅炉的积水排尽。
所需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (7)

  1. 自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，该余热锅炉循环系统包括锅筒(1)、下降管(2)、受热面管束(4)与上升管(7)，其特征在于：余热锅炉循环系统具有两种循环模式，一种模式为强制循环模式，另一种为自然循环模式。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，其特征在于：所述强制循环模式中的炉水由所述锅筒(1)通过下降管(2)经过强制循环泵(3)打入进口集箱(5)后，均分至受热面管束(4)经高温烟气换热后变汽或者汽水混合物，进入出口集箱(6)，最后经上升管(7)，回到所述锅筒(1)内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，其特征在于：强制循环模式中的受热面管束(4)为蛇形管结构，既有上升管，又有下降管，且存在弯头。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，其特征在于：进口集箱(5)与出口集箱(6)在上端，受热面管束(4)内的积水无法排尽。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，其特征在于：所述自然循环模式中的炉水由锅筒(1)通过下降管(2)进入联箱一(8)，再经过联箱二(9)均分至受热面管束(4)经高温烟气换热后变汽或者汽水混合物，通过联箱三(10)，引入联箱四(11)后经上升管(7)，回到锅筒(1)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，其特征在于：自然循环模式中的受热面管束(4)为直管结构，均为上升管，不存在汽阻现象。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统，其特征在于：所述联箱一(8)为低点，可将受热面管束(4)内的积水全部排尽。
PCT/CN2020/133280 2020-06-23 2020-12-02 自然循环硅铁余热锅炉循环系统 WO2021258646A1 (zh)

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CN113217896A (zh) * 2021-05-08 2021-08-06 江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司 一种自然循环的锅炉装置
CN114608000B (zh) * 2021-05-27 2023-03-03 中北大学 一种智能弹性控制变化的弯曲管蒸汽锅炉

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