WO2021253841A1 - Method for increasing content of vitamin d 2 in mushrooms and method for preparing edible mushroom powder - Google Patents

Method for increasing content of vitamin d 2 in mushrooms and method for preparing edible mushroom powder Download PDF

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WO2021253841A1
WO2021253841A1 PCT/CN2021/075079 CN2021075079W WO2021253841A1 WO 2021253841 A1 WO2021253841 A1 WO 2021253841A1 CN 2021075079 W CN2021075079 W CN 2021075079W WO 2021253841 A1 WO2021253841 A1 WO 2021253841A1
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mushrooms
vitamin
powder
ultraviolet
mushroom
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PCT/CN2021/075079
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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梁云
曹晟
王身健
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瞿瀚鹏
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/15—Vitamins
    • A23L33/155—Vitamins A or D
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/06—Lysis of microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N13/00—Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of nutritious food, in particular to a method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms and a method for preparing edible mushroom powder.
  • the process of using ultraviolet light to promote the conversion of ergosterol into vitamin D 2 has begun to appear in related patent documents.
  • the process mainly includes cleaning, slicing, ultraviolet light treatment, drying, and grinding of fresh harvested mushrooms.
  • mushroom powder obtained vitamin D 2 and thus can be reused mushroom powder extract vegetable mushroom vitamin D 2 vitamin D 2 to obtain oil.
  • the conversion rate of ergosterol is generally low, and the content of vitamin D 2 in the obtained mushroom powder is not high, resulting in a high production cost of vitamin D 2.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem of low conversion rate of ergosterol in mushrooms into vitamin D 2 in the prior art, and to provide a method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms and a method for preparing edible mushroom powder.
  • ergosterol is the main component of the cell membrane of mushroom cells, which is wrapped by the cell wall, and is irradiated with ultraviolet light to promote its conversion into vitamin D 2 During the process, the conversion rate is directly related to the morphological structure, moisture content, and temperature of the mushroom fruit body during irradiation; however, the penetration of ultraviolet light is not strong, only 30-80 ⁇ m, which is equivalent to 6 Although the 13 cell layers are sliced in the prior art, the contact area of the ultraviolet light with the cell membrane is still limited, resulting in a low conversion rate of ergosterol.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms, which includes the following steps: exposing the cell membranes of mushrooms containing ergosterol to ultraviolet rays, and subjecting the mushrooms to ultraviolet radiation treatment.
  • the process of exposing the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol to ultraviolet light includes:
  • step (2) Put the powder material obtained in step (1) in a state of fluidized suspension in an environment surrounded by ultraviolet rays.
  • the mushrooms in step (1) are fresh mushrooms, and the particle size of the powder material is 30-400 ⁇ m, preferably 30-200 ⁇ m.
  • the wall breaking process in step (1) includes mechanically breaking the wall or enzymatically breaking the wall of the pulverized mushroom.
  • the enzyme used in the enzymatic hydrolysis to break the wall is selected from at least one of cellulase, pectinase, protease and chitinase;
  • the protease is selected from at least one of papain, neutral protease and flavor protease
  • the pectinase is selected from pectin hydrolase, pectin lyase, pectin esterase and propectinase At least one of.
  • the step (1) further includes: pressing or centrifuging the powder material through a plate and frame so that the moisture content in the powder material is 35-85%, preferably 35-65%.
  • the step (2) includes: feeding the powder material into a vibrating fluidized reaction bed or a boiling fluidized reaction tower, and the powder material is placed in a fluidized suspension state by top blowing of compressed air.
  • the conditions for the ultraviolet irradiation treatment at least satisfy: the temperature is lower than 55° C., the moisture content of the material is not lower than 25%, the ultraviolet irradiation dose is 0.3-3.5 KJ/M 2 , and the ultraviolet light source is a wavelength of 280-315 nm. UV-B light source, irradiation time is less than 240min;
  • the temperature of the ultraviolet irradiation is 30-45° C.
  • the moisture content of the material is 35-65%
  • the irradiation time is less than 120 min.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing edible mushroom powder rich in vitamin D 2 , which method comprises: treating mushrooms containing ergosterol with the above method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms, and then drying to obtain The edible mushroom powder.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides the edible mushroom powder prepared by the above-mentioned method, wherein the vitamin D 2 content in the edible mushroom powder is not less than 15000 IU/g.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned edible mushroom powder in food, wherein the food is preferably a health food or a health food.
  • the process of breaking the cell wall of the mushroom fruit body is adopted to expose the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol to ultraviolet light, which can increase the intensity and efficiency of the ultraviolet light treatment, thereby increasing the conversion of ergosterol in the mushroom to vitamin D 2 conversion rate, increase the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms;
  • the mushroom fruit body is broken into a powder material, and the powder material obtained by breaking the wall is suspended in an environment irradiated by ultraviolet light in a fluidized state, which further increases the contact area between the mushroom powder material and the ultraviolet light, and improves the ultraviolet light.
  • the efficiency of light irradiation increases the rate and conversion rate of ergosterol into vitamin D 2 ; at the same time, by controlling the temperature, moisture content and irradiation time of the powder material during ultraviolet light irradiation, avoiding the process of ergosterol being converted into vitamin D 2
  • the vitamin D 2 precursor becomes ineffective substances such as photosterol and tachysterol, which ensures that ergosterol can be effectively converted into vitamin D 2 , thereby greatly increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in edible mushroom powder.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vibrating fluidized reaction bed in the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the boiling fluidized reaction tower of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms, including the following steps: exposing the cell membrane of mushrooms containing ergosterol to ultraviolet rays, and subjecting the mushrooms to ultraviolet radiation treatment.
  • the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol by exposing the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol to ultraviolet light, that is, the cell wall of the mushroom fruit body is broken, so that the cell membrane originally wrapped by the cell wall is exposed, and then the mushroom is exposed to ultraviolet light.
  • Ultraviolet radiation treatment can increase the intensity and efficiency of ultraviolet radiation treatment, thereby increasing the conversion rate of ergosterol in mushrooms into vitamin D 2.
  • the mushroom is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, it can be used to prepare edible mushroom powder, mushroom vitamin D 2 oil and other related products rich in vitamin D 2.
  • the process of exposing the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol to ultraviolet light includes:
  • step (2) Put the powder material obtained in step (1) in a state of fluidized suspension in an environment surrounded by ultraviolet rays.
  • the powder material is placed in an environment surrounded by ultraviolet rays in a fluidized and suspended state, so that ultraviolet rays are fully irradiated to the particle surface of the powder material, and the contact area between the ultraviolet light and the powder material is increased, and the ultraviolet light is increased.
  • the efficiency of light irradiation enables the ergosterol in the powder material to be quickly and efficiently converted into vitamin D 2 .
  • the crushing process can use any material crushing method and equipment, for example, a beater is used to crush fresh mushrooms; the ultraviolet light is provided by an ultraviolet lamp.
  • the mushrooms in step (1) are fresh mushrooms, and the particle size of the powder material is 30-400 ⁇ m, specifically 30 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 90 ⁇ m, 120 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 170 ⁇ m, 190 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m, 250 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, Any value in the range formed by 350 ⁇ m, 400 ⁇ m, and any two of these point values is preferably 30-200 ⁇ m.
  • the solution of the present invention has the advantage of further improving the efficiency of the conversion of ergosterol into vitamin D 2.
  • the fresh mushrooms may be one or more of freshly harvested mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, fungus or other mushrooms, and the fresh mushrooms must be harvested within 2 days after harvesting Timely refrigerated and kept for later use, the refrigeration temperature is below 15 °C, and impurity removal and cleaning are required before use.
  • the wall breaking process in step (1) includes mechanically breaking the wall or enzymatically breaking the wall of the pulverized mushroom.
  • the mechanical wall breaking can use a colloid mill, a sand mill or a homogenizer, preferably a high-pressure homogenizer is used to homogenize the material 2-3 times, and the pressure during high-pressure homogenization is 20-80Mpa.
  • the mass ratio of the enzyme used for enzymatic wall breaking and the pulverized mushroom is preferably 2-5:1000, and the conditions for enzymatic wall breaking are preferably: the temperature is 35-55° C. and the time is 2-4 h.
  • the solution of the present invention has the advantage of further improving the rate of crushing fresh mushrooms after crushing.
  • the enzymes used for the enzymatic hydrolysis to break the walls there are no special restrictions on the enzymes used for the enzymatic hydrolysis to break the walls, as long as they can degrade the cell walls of mushrooms.
  • the main component of the cell wall of mushrooms is chitin.
  • the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis to break the wall is selected from at least one of cellulase, pectinase, protease and chitinase.
  • cellulase is a multi-component enzyme system with a synergistic effect, belonging to a composite enzyme, mainly composed of exo- ⁇ -glucanase, endo- ⁇ -glucanase and ⁇ -glucosidase.
  • the protease is selected from at least one of papain, neutral protease and flavor protease
  • the pectinase is selected from pectin hydrolase, pectin lyase, pectin esterase and propectinase At least one of them.
  • the step (2) includes: feeding the powder material into a vibrating fluidized reaction bed or a boiling fluidized reaction tower, and the powder material is placed in a fluidized suspension state by top blowing of compressed air
  • the vibrating fluidized reaction bed or the boiling fluidized reaction tower wherein, ultraviolet lamps are respectively provided in the vibrating fluidized reaction bed and the boiling fluidized reaction tower.
  • a vibrating fluidized reaction bed or a boiling fluidized reaction tower is used to make the particle surface of the powder material contact with ultraviolet light, and the cell membrane of the mushroom can be completely exposed to ultraviolet light. , Can further improve the efficiency of ultraviolet irradiation of the powder material, and increase the conversion rate of ergosterol into vitamin D 2 in mushrooms.
  • the structure of the vibrating fluidized reaction bed in the present invention can be seen in Figure 1.
  • the vibrating fluidized reaction bed includes an upper box body 1 and a lower box body 2.
  • a screen frame 3 is provided between the upper box body 1 and the lower box body 2.
  • the inner wall of the box body 1 is provided with uniformly distributed ultraviolet lamp tubes 4, the top of the upper box body 1 is provided with an air outlet 11, and a material inlet 12 is provided above one side of the screen frame 3, and a material is provided below the other side
  • the outlet 21 is provided with an air inlet 22 on the lower box 2.
  • the material is conveyed to the screen frame 3 through the material inlet 12, and the air flow entering through the air inlet 22 makes the material suspend in the upper box 1. Turn on the ultraviolet lamp 4 to irradiate the material with ultraviolet rays.
  • the structure of the boiling fluidized reaction tower in the present invention can be seen in Figure 2.
  • the boiling fluidized reaction tower includes a tower body 5 and a material car 6 connected to the bottom of the tower body 5, and an air input device 7 is provided on the bottom wall of the tower body 5 ,
  • the top is equipped with an air output device 8
  • the tower body 5 is equipped with an ultraviolet irradiation chamber 9, and the ultraviolet irradiation chamber 9 is provided with two layers of ultraviolet lamp tubes 4.
  • the material is transported into the tower body 5 by the material truck 6, and the air blown in by the air input device 7 makes the material be in a boiling state, suspended in the tower body 5, turn on the ultraviolet lamp 4, and irradiate the material with ultraviolet rays, waiting to be irradiated After the end, the material is output from the material car 6.
  • the conditions of the ultraviolet irradiation treatment at least satisfy: the temperature is lower than 55°C, the moisture content of the material is not less than 25%, the ultraviolet irradiation dose is 0.3-3.5KJ/M 2 , and the ultraviolet light source has a wavelength of 280-315nm
  • the UV-B light source, the irradiation time is less than 240min.
  • the ultraviolet radiation dose can specifically be 0.3KJ/M 2 , 1.1KJ/M 2 , 1.9KJ/M 2 , 2.7KJ/M 2 , 3.5KJ/M 2 and any two of these point values in the range constituted by Any value; the wavelength of the ultraviolet light source is 280nm, 290nm, 300nm, 310nm, 315nm and any value in the range formed by any two of these point values.
  • the temperature of the ultraviolet radiation is 30-45°C, specifically it can be 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C and any value in the range formed by any two of these point values; material moisture The content is 35-65%, and specifically can be 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, and any value in the range formed by any two of these point values; irradiation The time is less than 120min.
  • the solution of the present invention has the advantage of further improving the efficiency of ultraviolet radiation.
  • step (1) also includes: pressing the powder material through a plate and frame or centrifuging the powder to make the powder
  • the moisture content in the material is 35-85%, specifically can be 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and these points Any value in the range formed by any two of the values is preferably 35-65%.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing edible mushroom powder rich in vitamin D 2 , the method comprising: treating mushrooms containing ergosterol with the above method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms, and then subjecting them to The edible mushroom powder is obtained by drying.
  • the drying process may adopt pressure spray drying, drum drying, air spray drying, vacuum freeze drying or any other drying method.
  • the present invention provides edible mushroom powder prepared by the above-mentioned method, wherein the vitamin D 2 content in the edible mushroom powder is not less than 15000 IU/g.
  • the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned edible mushroom powder in food, wherein the food is preferably a health food or a health food.
  • the particle size of the powder material is detected by the Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction particle size analyzer of Malvern Panalytical Company; the content of vitamin D 2 and ergosterol are measured by the method of GB14755-2010, and the detection instrument is Hitachi, Japan
  • the company's high performance liquid chromatography L-7000; Agaricus bisporus, Shiitake, and Pleurotus ostreatus were purchased from Shandong Linyi Ruize Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and other raw materials are commercially available.
  • step (2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 50%;
  • step (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a vibrating fluidized reaction bed for ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 35°C, a moisture content of 50% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. is 2KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 300nm, as irradiation time 100min, and finally dried in vacuo to give after freeze powder through said edible mushrooms.
  • the harvested fresh mushrooms are cleaned after removing the foreign matter in the culture medium to obtain the mushroom raw materials. Weigh 5kg of the mushroom raw materials and crush them with a beating machine. The pressure is 40Mpa, the temperature is 62°C, and the powder material with a particle size of 60-180 ⁇ m is obtained;
  • step (2) Centrifuge the powder material obtained in step (1) with a centrifuge to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 35%;
  • step (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a vibrating fluidized reaction bed for ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 30°C, a material moisture content of 35%, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. of 0.3KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 280nm, as irradiation time 115min, and finally dried in vacuo to give after freeze powder through said edible mushrooms.
  • step (2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 65%;
  • step (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a boiling fluidized reaction tower for ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 45°C, a moisture content of 65% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. It is 3.5KJ/M 2 , the wavelength of the ultraviolet light source is 315nm, and the irradiation time is 80min;
  • step (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (3) and 10kg rapeseed oil into the extraction tank for mixing, evacuate the extraction tank and pass in nitrogen with a purity of 99.9% or more, and maintain the tank pressure of the extraction tank at 0.02MPa, The temperature was 10° C., the extraction was performed for 75 hours, and then the plate and frame filter press was used for solid-liquid separation to obtain mushroom vitamin D 2 oil.
  • step (2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 55%;
  • step (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a boiling fluidized reaction tower for ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 40°C, a moisture content of 55% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. of 2.5KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 290nm, as irradiation time 90min, and finally hot air dried to give the edible mushroom powder.
  • step (2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered with a plate and frame to obtain a mushroom material with a moisture content of 25%;
  • step (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a boiling fluidized reaction tower for ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 35°C, a material moisture content of 25%, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. of 2.5KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 290nm, as irradiation time 90min, and finally hot air dried to give the edible mushroom powder.
  • step (2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 50%;
  • step (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a vibrating fluidized reaction bed for ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 52°C, a moisture content of 50% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. of 1.5KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 285nm, as irradiation time 100min, and finally hot air dried to give the edible mushroom powder.
  • the harvested fresh oyster mushrooms are cleaned after removing foreign matter in the medium to obtain oyster mushroom raw materials. Weigh 5kg oyster mushroom raw materials and crush them with a beating machine, then add them to a sand mill to break the walls to obtain a particle size of 30-150 ⁇ m. Powder material
  • step (2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 85%;
  • step (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a vibrating fluidized reaction bed for ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 40°C, a moisture content of 65% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. It is 1.8KJ/M 2 , the wavelength of the ultraviolet light source is 240nm, and the irradiation time is 220min;
  • step (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (3) and 10kg rapeseed oil into the extraction tank for mixing, evacuate the extraction tank and pass in nitrogen with a purity of 99.9% or more, and maintain the tank pressure of the extraction tank at 0.02MPa, The temperature was 10° C., the extraction was performed for 75 hours, and then the plate and frame filter press was used for solid-liquid separation to obtain mushroom vitamin D 2 oil.
  • the fresh harvested Agaricus bisporus is cleaned after removing the foreign matter in the culture medium to obtain the Agaricus bisporus raw material, weighing 5 kg of Agaricus bisporus raw material and crushing with a beater to obtain a powder material with a particle size of 5-10 mm;
  • the powder material obtained in step (1) is irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
  • the conditions of ultraviolet irradiation include temperature of 35°C, material moisture content of 50%, ultraviolet radiation dose of 2KJ/M 2 , ultraviolet light source wavelength of 300nm, and irradiation time It is 100 minutes, and finally the edible mushroom powder is obtained after vacuum freeze-drying.
  • UVB with a wavelength of 280 nm and an irradiation dose of 1.5 J/cm 2 is used to irradiate the sheet obtained in step (1) for 100 minutes;
  • the harvested fresh Pleurotus ostreatus is cleaned after removing foreign substances in the medium to obtain Pleurotus ostreatus raw material, weighing 5 kg of Pleurotus ostreatus raw material and cutting into slices with a thickness of 0.8 mm;
  • UVB with a wavelength of 280 nm and an irradiation dose of 1.5 J/cm 2 is used to irradiate the sheet obtained in step (1) for 100 minutes;
  • step (3) After pulverizing the flakes obtained in step (2) into 80-150 mesh particles, put them into the extraction tank with 10kg of rapeseed oil and mix them, evacuate the extraction tank and pass nitrogen with a purity of 99.9% or more to maintain the extraction.
  • the tank has a tank pressure of 0.06 MPa and a temperature of 25° C., extraction is performed for 100 hours, and then a plate and frame filter press is used for solid-liquid separation to obtain mushroom vitamin D 2 oil.
  • the edible mushroom powder or mushroom vitamin D 2 oil prepared in Example 1 to Example 7 and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 2 were respectively tested for vitamin D 2 content, total number of colonies, coliforms and pathogenic bacteria to obtain
  • Example 1 it can be seen from the results in Table 1 that using Example 1, Example 2 and Example 4 to Example 6 of the method for preparing edible mushroom powder in the present invention, the content of vitamin D 2 in the prepared edible mushroom powder is significantly higher.

Abstract

Provided is a method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms. The method comprises the following steps: exposing cell membranes of mushrooms containing ergosterol to ultraviolet rays, and performing ultraviolet irradiation treatment on the mushrooms. The process of exposing cell membranes of mushrooms containing ergosterol to ultraviolet rays comprises: (1) performing pulverization and wall breaking on mushrooms containing ergosterol to obtain a powder material; and (2) placing the powder material obtained in step (1) in an environment surrounded by ultraviolet rays in a fluidized and suspended state. A method for preparing edible mushroom powder comprises: treating mushrooms containing ergosterol by means of the method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms, and then drying to obtain the edible mushroom powder.

Description

提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法和制备食用蘑菇粉的方法 Increase vitamin D in mushrooms 2 Method of content and method of preparing edible mushroom powder 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及营养食品领域，具体地，涉及一种提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法和制备食用蘑菇粉的方法。 The present invention relates to the field of nutritious food, in particular to a method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms and a method for preparing edible mushroom powder.
背景技术Background technique
将蘑菇中麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2，得到富含维生素D 2的蘑菇粉、或者利用植物油萃取蘑菇粉中维生素D 2得到蘑菇维生素D 2油，已经成为植物来源维生素D 2的主流工艺，日渐广泛应用于凝胶糖果、软胶囊、压片糖果、固体饮料、婴幼儿配方食品等健康食品与保健食品中。 Converting ergosterol in mushrooms into vitamin D 2 to obtain mushroom powder rich in vitamin D 2 or using vegetable oil to extract vitamin D 2 from mushroom powder to obtain mushroom vitamin D 2 oil has become the mainstream process for plant-derived vitamin D 2. Increasingly, it is widely used in health foods and health foods such as jelly candies, soft capsules, tableted candies, solid beverages, and infant formula foods.
利用紫外光促使麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2的工艺，已经开始见诸相关专利文献中，其工艺过程主要包括将采收的新鲜蘑菇除杂清洗、切片、紫外光照射处理、干燥、磨粉而得到富含维生素D 2的蘑菇粉，进而可以再利用植物油萃取蘑菇粉中维生素D 2得到蘑菇维生素D 2油脂。该工艺过程中麦角固醇的转化率普遍较低，得到的蘑菇粉中维生素D 2的含量不高，导致维生素D 2的生产成本居高不下。 The process of using ultraviolet light to promote the conversion of ergosterol into vitamin D 2 has begun to appear in related patent documents. The process mainly includes cleaning, slicing, ultraviolet light treatment, drying, and grinding of fresh harvested mushrooms. mushroom powder obtained vitamin D 2, and thus can be reused mushroom powder extract vegetable mushroom vitamin D 2 vitamin D 2 to obtain oil. In this process, the conversion rate of ergosterol is generally low, and the content of vitamin D 2 in the obtained mushroom powder is not high, resulting in a high production cost of vitamin D 2.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的蘑菇中麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2时转化率低的问题，提供一种提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法和制备食用蘑菇粉的方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem of low conversion rate of ergosterol in mushrooms into vitamin D 2 in the prior art, and to provide a method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms and a method for preparing edible mushroom powder.
发明人进行了细致的研究之后发现了现有技术存在上述问题的原因在于，麦角固醇是蘑菇细胞的细胞膜的主要组成成分，被细胞壁所包裹，在用紫外光照射促使其转化为维生素D 2的过程中，其转化率的高低与照射时蘑菇子实体的形态结构、水分含量高低、温度有直接的关系；但是，紫外光的穿透力不强，仅仅30-80μm，即相当于6-13个细胞层，虽然现有技术中采取切片处理的措施，但紫外光与细胞膜接触的面积依然有限，导致麦角固醇的转化率低下。 After careful research, the inventor found that the reason for the above-mentioned problems in the prior art is that ergosterol is the main component of the cell membrane of mushroom cells, which is wrapped by the cell wall, and is irradiated with ultraviolet light to promote its conversion into vitamin D 2 During the process, the conversion rate is directly related to the morphological structure, moisture content, and temperature of the mushroom fruit body during irradiation; however, the penetration of ultraviolet light is not strong, only 30-80μm, which is equivalent to 6 Although the 13 cell layers are sliced in the prior art, the contact area of the ultraviolet light with the cell membrane is still limited, resulting in a low conversion rate of ergosterol.
为了实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供一种提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法，包括以下步骤：将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇的细胞膜暴露在紫外线中，对所述蘑菇进行紫外线照射处理。 In order to achieve the above objective, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms, which includes the following steps: exposing the cell membranes of mushrooms containing ergosterol to ultraviolet rays, and subjecting the mushrooms to ultraviolet radiation treatment.
优选地，所述将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇的细胞膜暴露在紫外线中的过程包括：Preferably, the process of exposing the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol to ultraviolet light includes:
(1)将所述含有麦角固醇的蘑菇经粉碎、破壁得到粉末物料；(1) Grinding and breaking the walls of the mushrooms containing ergosterol to obtain powdered materials;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料以流化悬浮的状态置于紫外线环绕的环境中。(2) Put the powder material obtained in step (1) in a state of fluidized suspension in an environment surrounded by ultraviolet rays.
优选地，步骤(1)中所述蘑菇为新鲜蘑菇，所述粉末物料的粒径为30-400μm，优选为30-200μm。Preferably, the mushrooms in step (1) are fresh mushrooms, and the particle size of the powder material is 30-400 μm, preferably 30-200 μm.
优选地，步骤(1)中所述破壁过程包括将经所述粉碎后的蘑菇进行机械破壁或者酶解破壁。Preferably, the wall breaking process in step (1) includes mechanically breaking the wall or enzymatically breaking the wall of the pulverized mushroom.
优选地，所述酶解破壁采用的酶选自纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶和几丁质酶中的至少一种；Preferably, the enzyme used in the enzymatic hydrolysis to break the wall is selected from at least one of cellulase, pectinase, protease and chitinase;
优选地，所述蛋白酶选自木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶中的至少一种，所述果胶酶选自果胶水解酶、果胶裂解酶、果胶酯酶和原果胶酶中的至少一种。Preferably, the protease is selected from at least one of papain, neutral protease and flavor protease, and the pectinase is selected from pectin hydrolase, pectin lyase, pectin esterase and propectinase At least one of.
优选地，所述步骤(1)还包括：将所述粉末物料经板框压滤或者离心使得所述粉末物料中的水分含量为35-85％，优选为35-65％。Preferably, the step (1) further includes: pressing or centrifuging the powder material through a plate and frame so that the moisture content in the powder material is 35-85%, preferably 35-65%.
优选地，所述步骤(2)包括：将所述粉末物料输入振动流化反应床或沸腾流化反应塔中，经压缩空气的顶吹使得所述粉末物料以流化悬浮的状态置于所述振动流化反应床或所述沸腾流化反应塔中；其中，所述振动流化反应床和所述沸腾流化反应塔中分别设有紫外灯。Preferably, the step (2) includes: feeding the powder material into a vibrating fluidized reaction bed or a boiling fluidized reaction tower, and the powder material is placed in a fluidized suspension state by top blowing of compressed air. The vibrating fluidized reaction bed or the boiling fluidized reaction tower; wherein, ultraviolet lamps are respectively provided in the vibrating fluidized reaction bed and the boiling fluidized reaction tower.
优选地，所述紫外线照射处理的条件至少满足：温度为低于55℃、物料水分含量为不低于25％、紫外线照射剂量为0.3-3.5KJ/M 2、紫外光源为波长280-315nm的UV-B光源、照射时间为小于240min； Preferably, the conditions for the ultraviolet irradiation treatment at least satisfy: the temperature is lower than 55° C., the moisture content of the material is not lower than 25%, the ultraviolet irradiation dose is 0.3-3.5 KJ/M 2 , and the ultraviolet light source is a wavelength of 280-315 nm. UV-B light source, irradiation time is less than 240min;
优选地，所述紫外线照射的温度为30-45℃、物料水分含量为35-65％、照射时间为小于120min。Preferably, the temperature of the ultraviolet irradiation is 30-45° C., the moisture content of the material is 35-65%, and the irradiation time is less than 120 min.
本发明第二方面提供一种制备富含维生素D 2的食用蘑菇粉的方法，该方法包括：将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇经上述提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法处理后，再经干燥得到所述食用蘑菇粉。 The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing edible mushroom powder rich in vitamin D 2 , which method comprises: treating mushrooms containing ergosterol with the above method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms, and then drying to obtain The edible mushroom powder.
本发明第三方面提供由上述所述的方法制得的食用蘑菇粉，其中，所述食用蘑菇粉中的维生素D 2含量不低于15000IU/g。 The third aspect of the present invention provides the edible mushroom powder prepared by the above-mentioned method, wherein the vitamin D 2 content in the edible mushroom powder is not less than 15000 IU/g.
本发明第四方面提供上述食用蘑菇粉在食品中的应用，其中，所述食品优选为保健食品或健康食品。The fourth aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned edible mushroom powder in food, wherein the food is preferably a health food or a health food.
通过上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果为：Through the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明中采用打破蘑菇子实体细胞壁的工艺，将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇的细胞膜暴露在紫外线中，能够提高紫外光照射处理的强度与效率，从而提高蘑菇中麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2的转化率，提高蘑菇中维生素D 2的含量； 1. In the present invention, the process of breaking the cell wall of the mushroom fruit body is adopted to expose the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol to ultraviolet light, which can increase the intensity and efficiency of the ultraviolet light treatment, thereby increasing the conversion of ergosterol in the mushroom to vitamin D 2 conversion rate, increase the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms;
2、本发明中将蘑菇子实体破壁形成粉末物料，并将破壁得到的粉末物料以流化状态悬浮在紫外光照射的环境中，进一步增加蘑菇粉末物料与紫外光的接触面积，提升紫外光照射的效率，提高麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2的速率和转化率；同时通过控制紫外光照射时粉末物料的温度、水分含量和照射时间，避免麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2的过程中维生素D 2前体变成光甾醇、速甾醇等无效价物质，这样确保麦角固醇能够有效转化为维生素D 2，进而大幅度提高食用蘑菇粉中维生素D 2的含量。 2. In the present invention, the mushroom fruit body is broken into a powder material, and the powder material obtained by breaking the wall is suspended in an environment irradiated by ultraviolet light in a fluidized state, which further increases the contact area between the mushroom powder material and the ultraviolet light, and improves the ultraviolet light. The efficiency of light irradiation increases the rate and conversion rate of ergosterol into vitamin D 2 ; at the same time, by controlling the temperature, moisture content and irradiation time of the powder material during ultraviolet light irradiation, avoiding the process of ergosterol being converted into vitamin D 2 The vitamin D 2 precursor becomes ineffective substances such as photosterol and tachysterol, which ensures that ergosterol can be effectively converted into vitamin D 2 , thereby greatly increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in edible mushroom powder.
附图说明Description of the drawings
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1是本发明中振动流化反应床的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vibrating fluidized reaction bed in the present invention;
图2是本发明中沸腾流化反应塔的结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the boiling fluidized reaction tower of the present invention.
附图标记说明Description of Reference Signs
1上箱体                   11空气出口1 Upper cabinet 11 Air outlet
12物料进口                2下箱体12 Material import 2 Lower box
21物料出口                22空气入口21 Material outlet 22 Air inlet
3网板框                   4紫外灯管3 Screen frame 4 UV tube
5塔体                     6物料车5 tower body 6 material vehicles
7空气输入装置             8空气输出装置7 Air input device 8 Air output device
9紫外照射室9 UV irradiation room
具体实施方式detailed description
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值，这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说，各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间，以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围，这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and these ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, between the end values of each range, between the end values of each range and individual point values, and between individual point values can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges. These values The scope should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
第一方面，本发明提供了一种提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法，包括以下步骤：将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇的细胞膜暴露在紫外线中，对所述蘑菇进行紫外线照射处理。 In the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms, including the following steps: exposing the cell membrane of mushrooms containing ergosterol to ultraviolet rays, and subjecting the mushrooms to ultraviolet radiation treatment.
本发明中，通过将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇的细胞膜暴露在紫外线中，即蘑菇子实体的细胞壁被打破，使得原本被细胞壁包裹的细胞膜暴露在外，再将其置于紫外线中对所述蘑菇进行紫外线照射处理，能够提高紫外光照射处理的强度与效率，从而提高蘑菇中麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2的转化率。所述蘑菇进行紫外线照射处理后，可以用于制备食用蘑菇粉、蘑菇维生素D 2油等富含维生素D 2的相关产品。 In the present invention, by exposing the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol to ultraviolet light, that is, the cell wall of the mushroom fruit body is broken, so that the cell membrane originally wrapped by the cell wall is exposed, and then the mushroom is exposed to ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet radiation treatment can increase the intensity and efficiency of ultraviolet radiation treatment, thereby increasing the conversion rate of ergosterol in mushrooms into vitamin D 2. After the mushroom is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, it can be used to prepare edible mushroom powder, mushroom vitamin D 2 oil and other related products rich in vitamin D 2.
优选地，所述将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇的细胞膜暴露在紫外线中的过程包括：Preferably, the process of exposing the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol to ultraviolet light includes:
(1)将所述含有麦角固醇的蘑菇经粉碎、破壁得到粉末物料；(1) Grinding and breaking the walls of the mushrooms containing ergosterol to obtain powdered materials;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料以流化悬浮的状态置于紫外线环绕的环境中。(2) Put the powder material obtained in step (1) in a state of fluidized suspension in an environment surrounded by ultraviolet rays.
本发明中，将所述粉末物料以流化悬浮的状态置于紫外线环绕的环境中，使得紫外线全面照射到所述粉末物料的颗粒表面，增加紫外光与所述粉末物料的接触面积，提升紫外光照射的效率，使得粉末物料中的麦角固醇快速、高效地转化为维生素D 2。所述粉碎过程可以采用任何一种物料粉碎的方式和设备，例如，采用打浆机对新鲜蘑菇进行粉碎；所述紫外线由紫外线灯管提供。 In the present invention, the powder material is placed in an environment surrounded by ultraviolet rays in a fluidized and suspended state, so that ultraviolet rays are fully irradiated to the particle surface of the powder material, and the contact area between the ultraviolet light and the powder material is increased, and the ultraviolet light is increased. The efficiency of light irradiation enables the ergosterol in the powder material to be quickly and efficiently converted into vitamin D 2 . The crushing process can use any material crushing method and equipment, for example, a beater is used to crush fresh mushrooms; the ultraviolet light is provided by an ultraviolet lamp.
优选地，步骤(1)中所述蘑菇为新鲜蘑菇，所述粉末物料的粒径为30-400μm，具体可以为 30μm、60μm、90μm、120μm、150μm、170μm、190μm、200μm、250μm、300μm、350μm、400μm，以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值，优选为30-200μm。发明人发现，在该优选的具体实施方式下，本发明的方案具有进一步提高麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2的效率的优势。 Preferably, the mushrooms in step (1) are fresh mushrooms, and the particle size of the powder material is 30-400 μm, specifically 30 μm, 60 μm, 90 μm, 120 μm, 150 μm, 170 μm, 190 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, Any value in the range formed by 350 μm, 400 μm, and any two of these point values is preferably 30-200 μm. The inventor found that, in this preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention has the advantage of further improving the efficiency of the conversion of ergosterol into vitamin D 2.
本发明中，所述新鲜蘑菇可以是新鲜采收的双孢蘑菇、香菇、平菇、金针菇、木耳或者其他蘑菇中的一种或多种，所述新鲜蘑菇经采收后需在2天内进行及时的冷藏保存备用，冷藏温度为15℃以下，使用前需进行除杂清洗。In the present invention, the fresh mushrooms may be one or more of freshly harvested mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, fungus or other mushrooms, and the fresh mushrooms must be harvested within 2 days after harvesting Timely refrigerated and kept for later use, the refrigeration temperature is below 15 ℃, and impurity removal and cleaning are required before use.
本发明中，步骤(1)中所述破壁过程包括将经所述粉碎后的蘑菇进行机械破壁或者酶解破壁。具体地，所述机械破壁可以采用胶体磨、砂磨机或者均质机，优选为采用高压均质机将物料循环均质2-3次，高压均质时压力为20-80Mpa。酶解破壁采用的酶与所述粉碎后的蘑菇的质量比优选为2-5：1000，酶解破壁的条件优选为：温度为35-55℃、时间为2-4h。发明人发现，在该优选的具体实施方式下，本发明的方案具有进一步提高对粉碎后的新鲜蘑菇进行破碎的速率的优势。In the present invention, the wall breaking process in step (1) includes mechanically breaking the wall or enzymatically breaking the wall of the pulverized mushroom. Specifically, the mechanical wall breaking can use a colloid mill, a sand mill or a homogenizer, preferably a high-pressure homogenizer is used to homogenize the material 2-3 times, and the pressure during high-pressure homogenization is 20-80Mpa. The mass ratio of the enzyme used for enzymatic wall breaking and the pulverized mushroom is preferably 2-5:1000, and the conditions for enzymatic wall breaking are preferably: the temperature is 35-55° C. and the time is 2-4 h. The inventor found that under this preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention has the advantage of further improving the rate of crushing fresh mushrooms after crushing.
本发明中对所述酶解破壁采用的酶没有特殊的限定，能够将蘑菇的细胞壁进行降解即可。蘑菇的细胞壁中主要组成成分为几丁质，优选情况下，所述酶解破壁采用的酶选自纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶和几丁质酶中的至少一种。其中，纤维素酶是起协同作用的多组分酶系，属于一种复合酶，主要由外切β-葡聚糖酶、内切β-葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶等组成。In the present invention, there are no special restrictions on the enzymes used for the enzymatic hydrolysis to break the walls, as long as they can degrade the cell walls of mushrooms. The main component of the cell wall of mushrooms is chitin. Preferably, the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis to break the wall is selected from at least one of cellulase, pectinase, protease and chitinase. Among them, cellulase is a multi-component enzyme system with a synergistic effect, belonging to a composite enzyme, mainly composed of exo-β-glucanase, endo-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase.
进一步优选地，所述蛋白酶选自木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶中的至少一种，所述果胶酶选自果胶水解酶、果胶裂解酶、果胶酯酶和原果胶酶中的至少一种。发明人发现，在该优选的具体实施方式下，本发明的方案具有进一步提高酶解破壁的速率的优势。Further preferably, the protease is selected from at least one of papain, neutral protease and flavor protease, and the pectinase is selected from pectin hydrolase, pectin lyase, pectin esterase and propectinase At least one of them. The inventor found that under this preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention has the advantage of further increasing the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of the wall.
本发明中，所述步骤(2)包括：将所述粉末物料输入振动流化反应床或沸腾流化反应塔中，经压缩空气的顶吹使得所述粉末物料以流化悬浮的状态置于所述振动流化反应床或所述沸腾流化反应塔中；其中，所述振动流化反应床和所述沸腾流化反应塔中分别设有紫外灯。在该优选的具体实施方式下，利用振动流化反应床或者沸腾流化反应塔使得所述粉末物料的颗粒表面均能与紫外线照射接触，进而蘑菇的细胞膜能够完全暴露在紫外光的照射之下，能够进一步提高紫外线照射所述粉末物料的效率，提高蘑菇中麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2的转化率。 In the present invention, the step (2) includes: feeding the powder material into a vibrating fluidized reaction bed or a boiling fluidized reaction tower, and the powder material is placed in a fluidized suspension state by top blowing of compressed air The vibrating fluidized reaction bed or the boiling fluidized reaction tower; wherein, ultraviolet lamps are respectively provided in the vibrating fluidized reaction bed and the boiling fluidized reaction tower. In this preferred embodiment, a vibrating fluidized reaction bed or a boiling fluidized reaction tower is used to make the particle surface of the powder material contact with ultraviolet light, and the cell membrane of the mushroom can be completely exposed to ultraviolet light. , Can further improve the efficiency of ultraviolet irradiation of the powder material, and increase the conversion rate of ergosterol into vitamin D 2 in mushrooms.
本发明中振动流化反应床的结构可以参见图1，振动流化反应床包括上箱体1和下箱体2，上箱体1与下箱体2之间设有网板框3，上箱体1的内壁上设有均匀分布的紫外灯管4，上箱体1的顶部设有空气出口11，网板框3的一侧上方设有物料进口12、另一侧的下方设有物料出口21，下箱体2上设有空气入口22。物料经物料进口12输送至网板框3上，经空气入口22进入的空气流动使得物料悬浮于上箱体1内，打开紫外灯管4，对物料进行紫外线照射，待照射结束后，将物料 从物料出口21输出。本发明中沸腾流化反应塔的结构可以参见图2，沸腾流化反应塔包括塔体5和与塔体5的底部连通的物料车6，塔体5的底壁上设有空气输入装置7、顶部设有空气输出装置8，塔体5内设有紫外照射室9，紫外照射室9内设有两层紫外灯管4。物料经物料车6输送至塔体5内，经空气输入装置7进入的空气吹动使得物料呈类似沸腾状态，悬浮于塔体5内，打开紫外灯管4，对物料进行紫外线照射，待照射结束后，将物料从物料车6输出。The structure of the vibrating fluidized reaction bed in the present invention can be seen in Figure 1. The vibrating fluidized reaction bed includes an upper box body 1 and a lower box body 2. A screen frame 3 is provided between the upper box body 1 and the lower box body 2. The inner wall of the box body 1 is provided with uniformly distributed ultraviolet lamp tubes 4, the top of the upper box body 1 is provided with an air outlet 11, and a material inlet 12 is provided above one side of the screen frame 3, and a material is provided below the other side The outlet 21 is provided with an air inlet 22 on the lower box 2. The material is conveyed to the screen frame 3 through the material inlet 12, and the air flow entering through the air inlet 22 makes the material suspend in the upper box 1. Turn on the ultraviolet lamp 4 to irradiate the material with ultraviolet rays. After the irradiation is over, the material Output from material outlet 21. The structure of the boiling fluidized reaction tower in the present invention can be seen in Figure 2. The boiling fluidized reaction tower includes a tower body 5 and a material car 6 connected to the bottom of the tower body 5, and an air input device 7 is provided on the bottom wall of the tower body 5 , The top is equipped with an air output device 8, the tower body 5 is equipped with an ultraviolet irradiation chamber 9, and the ultraviolet irradiation chamber 9 is provided with two layers of ultraviolet lamp tubes 4. The material is transported into the tower body 5 by the material truck 6, and the air blown in by the air input device 7 makes the material be in a boiling state, suspended in the tower body 5, turn on the ultraviolet lamp 4, and irradiate the material with ultraviolet rays, waiting to be irradiated After the end, the material is output from the material car 6.
本发明中，所述紫外线照射处理的条件至少满足：温度为低于55℃、物料水分含量为不低于25％、紫外线照射剂量为0.3-3.5KJ/M 2、紫外光源为波长280-315nm的UV-B光源、照射时间为小于240min。紫外线照射剂量具体可以为0.3KJ/M 2、1.1KJ/M 2、1.9KJ/M 2、2.7KJ/M 2、3.5KJ/M 2以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值；紫外光源波长为280nm、290nm、300nm、310nm、315nm以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值。 In the present invention, the conditions of the ultraviolet irradiation treatment at least satisfy: the temperature is lower than 55°C, the moisture content of the material is not less than 25%, the ultraviolet irradiation dose is 0.3-3.5KJ/M 2 , and the ultraviolet light source has a wavelength of 280-315nm The UV-B light source, the irradiation time is less than 240min. The ultraviolet radiation dose can specifically be 0.3KJ/M 2 , 1.1KJ/M 2 , 1.9KJ/M 2 , 2.7KJ/M 2 , 3.5KJ/M 2 and any two of these point values in the range constituted by Any value; the wavelength of the ultraviolet light source is 280nm, 290nm, 300nm, 310nm, 315nm and any value in the range formed by any two of these point values.
优选情况下，所述紫外线照射的温度为30-45℃，具体可以为30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值；物料水分含量为35-65％，具体可以为35％、40％、45％、50％、55％、60％、65％，以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值；照射时间为小于120min。发明人发现，在该优选的具体实施方式下，本发明的方案具有进一步提高紫外线照射的效率的优势。Preferably, the temperature of the ultraviolet radiation is 30-45°C, specifically it can be 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C and any value in the range formed by any two of these point values; material moisture The content is 35-65%, and specifically can be 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, and any value in the range formed by any two of these point values; irradiation The time is less than 120min. The inventor found that under this preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention has the advantage of further improving the efficiency of ultraviolet radiation.
由于蘑菇粉末物料经紫外线照射处理时，物料的水分含量需要控制在一定的范围内，因此，优选地，步骤(1)还包括：将所述粉末物料经板框压滤或者离心使得所述粉末物料中的水分含量为35-85％，具体可以为35％、40％、45％、50％、55％、60％、65％、70％、75％、80％、85％，以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值，优选为35-65％。Since the moisture content of the mushroom powder material needs to be controlled within a certain range when the mushroom powder material is processed by ultraviolet radiation, preferably, step (1) also includes: pressing the powder material through a plate and frame or centrifuging the powder to make the powder The moisture content in the material is 35-85%, specifically can be 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and these points Any value in the range formed by any two of the values is preferably 35-65%.
第二方面，本发明提供了一种制备富含维生素D 2的食用蘑菇粉的方法，该方法包括：将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇经上述提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法处理后，再经干燥得到所述食用蘑菇粉。 In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing edible mushroom powder rich in vitamin D 2 , the method comprising: treating mushrooms containing ergosterol with the above method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms, and then subjecting them to The edible mushroom powder is obtained by drying.
本发明中，所述干燥过程可以采用压力喷雾干燥、滚筒干燥、气流喷雾干燥、真空冷冻干燥或其他任何一种干燥的方式。In the present invention, the drying process may adopt pressure spray drying, drum drying, air spray drying, vacuum freeze drying or any other drying method.
第三方面，本发明提供了由上述所述的方法制得的食用蘑菇粉，其中，所述食用蘑菇粉中的维生素D 2含量不低于15000IU/g。 In the third aspect, the present invention provides edible mushroom powder prepared by the above-mentioned method, wherein the vitamin D 2 content in the edible mushroom powder is not less than 15000 IU/g.
第四方面，本发明提供了上述食用蘑菇粉在食品中的应用，其中，所述食品优选为保健食品或健康食品。In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned edible mushroom powder in food, wherein the food is preferably a health food or a health food.
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through examples.
以下实施例中，粉末物料的粒径大小采用Malvern Panalytical公司的Mastersizer 3000激光衍射粒度分析仪进行检测；维生素D 2和麦角固醇的含量均采用GB14755-2010的方法测得，检测 仪器为日本日立公司的高效液相色谱L-7000；双孢蘑菇、香菇、平菇购自山东临沂瑞泽农业科技有限公司，其他原料为市售品。 In the following examples, the particle size of the powder material is detected by the Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction particle size analyzer of Malvern Panalytical Company; the content of vitamin D 2 and ergosterol are measured by the method of GB14755-2010, and the detection instrument is Hitachi, Japan The company's high performance liquid chromatography L-7000; Agaricus bisporus, Shiitake, and Pleurotus ostreatus were purchased from Shandong Linyi Ruize Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and other raw materials are commercially available.
实施例1Example 1
(1)将采收的新鲜双孢蘑菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢蘑菇原料，称取5kg双孢蘑菇原料经打浆机粉碎后，加入10g纤维素酶和15g几丁质酶，在温度为55℃的条件下酶解2h，得到粒径为30-150μm的粉末物料；(1) Remove the foreign matter in the culture medium from the fresh harvested Agaricus bisporus and wash it to obtain the Agaricus bisporus raw material. Weigh 5kg of Agaricus bisporus raw material and crush it with a beater, add 10g cellulase and 15g chitinase, Enzymatic hydrolysis at a temperature of 55°C for 2 hours to obtain a powder material with a particle size of 30-150 μm;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料采用板框压滤得到水分含量为50％的蘑菇物料；(2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 50%;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的蘑菇物料以流化悬浮的状态置于振动流化反应床中进行紫外线照射，紫外线照射的条件包括温度为35℃、物料水分含量为50％、紫外线照射剂量为2KJ/M 2、紫外光源波长为300nm、照射时间为100min，最后经真空冷冻干燥后得到所述食用蘑菇粉。 (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a vibrating fluidized reaction bed for ultraviolet irradiation. The conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 35°C, a moisture content of 50% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. is 2KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 300nm, as irradiation time 100min, and finally dried in vacuo to give after freeze powder through said edible mushrooms.
实施例2Example 2
(1)将采收的新鲜香菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到香菇原料，称取5kg香菇原料经打浆机粉碎后，利用高压均质机循环均质3次进行破壁，高压均质机的压力为40Mpa、温度为62℃，得到粒径为60-180μm的粉末物料；(1) The harvested fresh mushrooms are cleaned after removing the foreign matter in the culture medium to obtain the mushroom raw materials. Weigh 5kg of the mushroom raw materials and crush them with a beating machine. The pressure is 40Mpa, the temperature is 62℃, and the powder material with a particle size of 60-180μm is obtained;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料采用离心机离心得到水分含量为35％的蘑菇物料；(2) Centrifuge the powder material obtained in step (1) with a centrifuge to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 35%;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的蘑菇物料以流化悬浮的状态置于振动流化反应床中进行紫外线照射，紫外线照射的条件包括温度为30℃、物料水分含量为35％、紫外线照射剂量为0.3KJ/M 2、紫外光源波长为280nm、照射时间为115min，最后经真空冷冻干燥后得到所述食用蘑菇粉。 (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a vibrating fluidized reaction bed for ultraviolet irradiation. The conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 30°C, a material moisture content of 35%, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. of 0.3KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 280nm, as irradiation time 115min, and finally dried in vacuo to give after freeze powder through said edible mushrooms.
实施例3Example 3
(1)将采收的新鲜平菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到平菇原料，称取5kg平菇原料经打浆机粉碎后，加入5g木瓜蛋白酶和5g果胶酯酶，在温度为35℃的条件下酶解3.5h，得到粒径为60-200μm的粉末物料；(1) The harvested fresh Pleurotus ostreatus was cleaned after removing the foreign matter in the culture medium to obtain Pleurotus ostreatus raw material. Weighed 5 kg of Pleurotus ostreatus raw material and pulverized with a beater, then added 5g papain and 5g pectin esterase at a temperature of 35°C. Enzymatic hydrolysis for 3.5h under the conditions of, to obtain powder material with a particle size of 60-200μm;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料采用板框压滤得到水分含量为65％的蘑菇物料；(2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 65%;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的蘑菇物料以流化悬浮的状态置于沸腾流化反应塔中进行紫外线照射，紫外线照射的条件包括温度为45℃、物料水分含量为65％、紫外线照射剂量为3.5KJ/M 2、紫外光源波长为315nm、照射时间为80min； (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a boiling fluidized reaction tower for ultraviolet irradiation. The conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 45°C, a moisture content of 65% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. It is 3.5KJ/M 2 , the wavelength of the ultraviolet light source is 315nm, and the irradiation time is 80min;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的蘑菇物料与10kg菜籽油投入萃取罐中进行混合，将萃取罐抽真空后通入纯度为99.9％以上的氮气，保持萃取罐的罐压为0.02MPa、温度为10℃，进行萃取75h，再利用板框压滤机进行固液分离，得到蘑菇维生素D 2油。 (4) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (3) and 10kg rapeseed oil into the extraction tank for mixing, evacuate the extraction tank and pass in nitrogen with a purity of 99.9% or more, and maintain the tank pressure of the extraction tank at 0.02MPa, The temperature was 10° C., the extraction was performed for 75 hours, and then the plate and frame filter press was used for solid-liquid separation to obtain mushroom vitamin D 2 oil.
实施例4Example 4
(1)将采收的新鲜双孢蘑菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢蘑菇原料，称取5kg双孢蘑菇原料经打浆机粉碎后，加入5g几丁质酶在温度为45℃的条件下1h，得到粒径为300-400μm的粉末物料；(1) The fresh harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned after removing the foreign matter in the medium to obtain the Agaricus bisporus raw material. Weighed 5kg of Agaricus bisporus raw material and crushed it with a beater, and added 5g of chitinase at a temperature of 45℃. In the next 1 hour, a powder material with a particle size of 300-400 μm is obtained;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料采用板框压滤得到水分含量为55％的蘑菇物料；(2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 55%;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的蘑菇物料以流化悬浮的状态置于沸腾流化反应塔中进行紫外线照射，紫外线照射的条件包括温度为40℃、物料水分含量为55％、紫外线照射剂量为2.5KJ/M 2、紫外光源波长为290nm、照射时间为90min，最后经热风干燥后得到所述食用蘑菇粉。 (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a boiling fluidized reaction tower for ultraviolet irradiation. The conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 40°C, a moisture content of 55% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. of 2.5KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 290nm, as irradiation time 90min, and finally hot air dried to give the edible mushroom powder.
实施例5Example 5
(1)将采收的新鲜双孢蘑菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢蘑菇原料，称取5kg双孢蘑菇原料经打浆机粉碎后，加入5g风味蛋白酶和10g原果胶酶酶解2h，得到粒径为30-150μm的粉末物料；(1) Remove the foreign matter in the culture medium from the freshly harvested Agaricus bisporus and wash it to obtain the Agaricus bisporus raw material. Weigh 5kg of Agaricus bisporus raw material and crush it with a beater, add 5g flavor protease and 10g propectinase for enzymatic hydrolysis for 2h , To obtain a powder material with a particle size of 30-150μm;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料采用板框压滤得到水分含量为25％的蘑菇物料；(2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered with a plate and frame to obtain a mushroom material with a moisture content of 25%;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的蘑菇物料以流化悬浮的状态置于沸腾流化反应塔中进行紫外线照射，紫外线照射的条件包括温度为35℃、物料水分含量为25％、紫外线照射剂量为2.5KJ/M 2、紫外光源波长为290nm、照射时间为90min，最后经热风干燥后得到所述食用蘑菇粉。 (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a boiling fluidized reaction tower for ultraviolet irradiation. The conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 35°C, a material moisture content of 25%, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. of 2.5KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 290nm, as irradiation time 90min, and finally hot air dried to give the edible mushroom powder.
实施例6Example 6
(1)将采收的新鲜双孢蘑菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢蘑菇原料，称取5kg双孢蘑菇原料经打浆机粉碎后，加入磨砂机中进行破壁，得到粒径为30-150μm的粉末物料；(1) The fresh harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned after removing the foreign matter in the culture medium to obtain the Agaricus bisporus raw material. Weighed 5kg of Agaricus bisporus raw material and crushed it with a beating machine, then added it to the sander to break the wall to obtain a particle size of 30 -150μm powder material;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料采用板框压滤得到水分含量为50％的蘑菇物料；(2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 50%;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的蘑菇物料以流化悬浮的状态置于振动流化反应床中进行紫外线照射，紫外线照射的条件包括温度为52℃、物料水分含量为50％、紫外线照射剂量为1.5KJ/M 2、紫外光源波长为285nm、照射时间为100min，最后经热风干燥后得到所述食用蘑菇粉。 (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a vibrating fluidized reaction bed for ultraviolet irradiation. The conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 52°C, a moisture content of 50% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. of 1.5KJ / M 2, the ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of 285nm, as irradiation time 100min, and finally hot air dried to give the edible mushroom powder.
实施例7Example 7
(1)将采收的新鲜平菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到平菇原料，称取5kg平菇原料经打浆机粉碎后，加入砂磨机进行破壁，得到粒径为30-150μm的粉末物料；(1) The harvested fresh oyster mushrooms are cleaned after removing foreign matter in the medium to obtain oyster mushroom raw materials. Weigh 5kg oyster mushroom raw materials and crush them with a beating machine, then add them to a sand mill to break the walls to obtain a particle size of 30-150μm. Powder material
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料采用板框压滤得到水分含量为85％的蘑菇物料；(2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is filtered by plate and frame to obtain mushroom material with a moisture content of 85%;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的蘑菇物料以流化悬浮的状态置于振动流化反应床中进行紫外线照射，紫外线照射的条件包括温度为40℃、物料水分含量为65％、紫外线照射剂量为1.8KJ/M 2、紫外光源波长为240nm、照射时间为220min； (3) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (2) in a fluidized suspension state in a vibrating fluidized reaction bed for ultraviolet irradiation. The conditions for ultraviolet irradiation include a temperature of 40°C, a moisture content of 65% of the material, and an ultraviolet irradiation dose. It is 1.8KJ/M 2 , the wavelength of the ultraviolet light source is 240nm, and the irradiation time is 220min;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的蘑菇物料与10kg菜籽油投入萃取罐中进行混合，将萃取罐抽真空后通入 纯度为99.9％以上的氮气，保持萃取罐的罐压为0.02MPa、温度为10℃，进行萃取75h，再利用板框压滤机进行固液分离，得到蘑菇维生素D 2油。 (4) Put the mushroom material obtained in step (3) and 10kg rapeseed oil into the extraction tank for mixing, evacuate the extraction tank and pass in nitrogen with a purity of 99.9% or more, and maintain the tank pressure of the extraction tank at 0.02MPa, The temperature was 10° C., the extraction was performed for 75 hours, and then the plate and frame filter press was used for solid-liquid separation to obtain mushroom vitamin D 2 oil.
对比例1Comparative example 1
(1)将采收的新鲜双孢蘑菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢蘑菇原料，称取5kg双孢蘑菇原料经打浆机粉碎后，得到粒径为5-10mm的粉末物料；(1) The fresh harvested Agaricus bisporus is cleaned after removing the foreign matter in the culture medium to obtain the Agaricus bisporus raw material, weighing 5 kg of Agaricus bisporus raw material and crushing with a beater to obtain a powder material with a particle size of 5-10 mm;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料进行紫外线照射，紫外线照射的条件包括温度为35℃、物料水分含量为50％、紫外线照射剂量为2KJ/M 2、紫外光源波长为300nm、照射时间为100min，最后经真空冷冻干燥后得到所述食用蘑菇粉。 (2) The powder material obtained in step (1) is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. The conditions of ultraviolet irradiation include temperature of 35°C, material moisture content of 50%, ultraviolet radiation dose of 2KJ/M 2 , ultraviolet light source wavelength of 300nm, and irradiation time It is 100 minutes, and finally the edible mushroom powder is obtained after vacuum freeze-drying.
对比例2Comparative example 2
(1)将采收的新鲜双孢蘑菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢蘑菇原料，称取5kg双孢蘑菇原料切成厚度为0.8mm的薄片；(1) Remove the foreign matter in the culture medium from the freshly harvested Agaricus bisporus and wash it to obtain the Agaricus bisporus raw material. Weigh 5kg of Agaricus bisporus raw material and cut into slices with a thickness of 0.8mm;
(2)在常温常压条件下，采用波长为280nm、照射剂量为1.5J/cm 2的UVB对步骤(1)得到的薄片照射100min； (2) Under normal temperature and pressure conditions, UVB with a wavelength of 280 nm and an irradiation dose of 1.5 J/cm 2 is used to irradiate the sheet obtained in step (1) for 100 minutes;
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的双孢菇原料在充氮条件下采用热风循环干燥箱进行干燥，干燥温度为60℃；(3) The raw material of Agaricus bisporus irradiated by the ultraviolet light is dried in a hot-air circulating drying box under nitrogen-filled conditions, and the drying temperature is 60°C;
(4)将经所述干燥的双孢菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为100目的食用蘑菇粉。(4) The dried raw material of Agaricus bisporus is superfinely pulverized to obtain edible mushroom powder with a particle size of 100 mesh.
对比例3Comparative example 3
(1)将采收的新鲜平菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到平菇原料，称取5kg平菇原料切成厚度为0.8mm的薄片；(1) The harvested fresh Pleurotus ostreatus is cleaned after removing foreign substances in the medium to obtain Pleurotus ostreatus raw material, weighing 5 kg of Pleurotus ostreatus raw material and cutting into slices with a thickness of 0.8 mm;
(2)在常温常压条件下，采用波长为280nm、照射剂量为1.5J/cm 2的UVB对步骤(1)得到的薄片照射100min； (2) Under normal temperature and pressure conditions, UVB with a wavelength of 280 nm and an irradiation dose of 1.5 J/cm 2 is used to irradiate the sheet obtained in step (1) for 100 minutes;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的薄片粉碎形成80-150目的颗粒后，与10kg菜籽油投入萃取罐中进行混合，将萃取罐抽真空后通入纯度为99.9％以上的氮气，保持萃取罐的罐压为0.06MPa、温度为25℃，进行萃取100h，再利用板框压滤机进行固液分离，得到蘑菇维生素D 2油。 (3) After pulverizing the flakes obtained in step (2) into 80-150 mesh particles, put them into the extraction tank with 10kg of rapeseed oil and mix them, evacuate the extraction tank and pass nitrogen with a purity of 99.9% or more to maintain the extraction. The tank has a tank pressure of 0.06 MPa and a temperature of 25° C., extraction is performed for 100 hours, and then a plate and frame filter press is used for solid-liquid separation to obtain mushroom vitamin D 2 oil.
实验结果Experimental result
分别将实施例1-实施例7和对比例1-对比例2制得的食用蘑菇粉或者蘑菇维生素D 2油，进行维生素D 2含量、菌落总数、大肠菌群和致病菌的测定，得到的测定数据见表1；对实施例1-实施例7和对比例1-对比例3中的蘑菇物料进行维生素D 2含量的测定，得到的测定数据见表1，其中，新鲜蘑菇的干固物按新鲜蘑菇重量的20％换算，麦角固醇重量的单位按1μg＝40IU进行换算。 The edible mushroom powder or mushroom vitamin D 2 oil prepared in Example 1 to Example 7 and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 2 were respectively tested for vitamin D 2 content, total number of colonies, coliforms and pathogenic bacteria to obtain The measurement data of the mushrooms are shown in Table 1; the mushroom materials in Example 1 to Example 7 and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3 were measured for the vitamin D 2 content, and the obtained measurement data are shown in Table 1, where the dry solids of fresh mushrooms The substance is converted by 20% of the weight of fresh mushrooms, and the unit of the weight of ergosterol is converted by 1μg=40IU.
表1Table 1
Figure PCTCN2021075079-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021075079-appb-000001
通过表1的结果可以看出，采用本发明中制备食用蘑菇粉的方法的实施例1、实施例2和实施例4-实施例6，制得的食用蘑菇粉中维生素D 2的含量明显高于对比例1和对比例2制得的食用蘑菇粉中维生素D2的含量；将蘑菇采用本发明中提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法后，用于制备蘑菇维生素D 2油，实施例3和实施例7得到的蘑菇维生素D 2油中维生素D 2的含量也远高于实施例3得到的蘑菇维生素D 2油中维生素D 2的含量，采用本发明中提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法，具有明显更好的将麦角固醇转化为维生素D 2的效果。 It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that using Example 1, Example 2 and Example 4 to Example 6 of the method for preparing edible mushroom powder in the present invention, the content of vitamin D 2 in the prepared edible mushroom powder is significantly higher. The content of vitamin D2 in the edible mushroom powder prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2; using the method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms in the present invention to prepare mushroom vitamin D 2 oil, Example 3 and mushroom oil vitamin D 2 obtained in Example 7, the amount of vitamin D 2, vitamin D is much higher than the mushroom oil 2 obtained in Example 3 the content of vitamin D 2 embodiment, the present invention is to improve mushroom content of vitamin D 2 method , Has a significantly better effect of converting ergosterol into vitamin D 2 .
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合，这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容，均属于本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, including the combination of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosed content of the present invention. All belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

  1. 一种提高蘑菇中维生素D 2含量的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇的细胞膜暴露在紫外线中，对所述蘑菇进行紫外线照射处理。 A method for increasing the content of vitamin D 2 in mushrooms is characterized by comprising the following steps: exposing cell membranes of mushrooms containing ergosterol to ultraviolet rays, and subjecting the mushrooms to ultraviolet radiation treatment.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇的细胞膜暴露在紫外线中的过程包括：The method according to claim 1, wherein the process of exposing the cell membrane of the mushroom containing ergosterol to ultraviolet light comprises:
    (1)将所述含有麦角固醇的蘑菇经粉碎、破壁得到粉末物料；(1) Grinding and breaking the walls of the mushrooms containing ergosterol to obtain powdered materials;
    (2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末物料以流化悬浮的状态置于紫外线环绕的环境中。(2) Put the powder material obtained in step (1) in a state of fluidized suspension in an environment surrounded by ultraviolet rays.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述蘑菇为新鲜蘑菇，所述粉末物料的粒径为30-400μm，优选为30-200μm。The method according to claim 2, wherein the mushrooms in step (1) are fresh mushrooms, and the particle size of the powder material is 30-400 μm, preferably 30-200 μm.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述破壁过程包括将经所述粉碎后的蘑菇进行机械破壁或者酶解破壁。The method according to claim 2, wherein the wall breaking process in step (1) comprises mechanically breaking the wall or enzymatically breaking the wall of the pulverized mushroom.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酶解破壁采用的酶选自纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶和几丁质酶中的至少一种；The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis to break the wall is selected from at least one of cellulase, pectinase, protease and chitinase;
    优选地，所述蛋白酶选自木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶中的至少一种，所述果胶酶选自果胶水解酶、果胶裂解酶、果胶酯酶和原果胶酶中的至少一种。Preferably, the protease is selected from at least one of papain, neutral protease and flavor protease, and the pectinase is selected from pectin hydrolase, pectin lyase, pectin esterase and propectinase At least one of.
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)还包括：将所述粉末物料经板框压滤或者离心使得所述粉末物料中的水分含量为35-85％，优选为35-65％。The method according to claim 2, wherein the step (1) further comprises: filtering or centrifuging the powder material through a plate and frame so that the moisture content in the powder material is 35-85%, preferably Is 35-65%.
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)包括：将所述粉末物料输入振动流化反应床或沸腾流化反应塔中，经压缩空气的顶吹使得所述粉末物料以流化悬浮的状态置于所述振动流化反应床或所述沸腾流化反应塔中；其中，所述振动流化反应床和所述沸腾流化反应塔中分别设有紫外灯。The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the step (2) comprises: inputting the powder material into a vibrating fluidized reaction bed or a boiling fluidized reaction tower, and making the powder material through the top blowing of compressed air The materials are placed in the vibrating fluidized reaction bed or the boiling fluidized reaction tower in a fluidized suspension state; wherein, ultraviolet lamps are respectively provided in the vibrating fluidized reaction bed and the boiling fluidized reaction tower.
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述紫外线照射处理的条件至少满足：温度为低于55℃、物料水分含量为不低于25％、紫外线照射剂量为0.3-3.5KJ/M 2、紫外光源为波长280-315nm的UV-B光源、照射时间为小于240min； The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the conditions of the ultraviolet irradiation treatment at least satisfy: the temperature is lower than 55°C, the moisture content of the material is not lower than 25%, and the ultraviolet irradiation dose is 0.3-3.5KJ/M 2 , the ultraviolet light source is a UV-B light source with a wavelength of 280-315nm, and the irradiation time is less than 240min;
    优选地，所述紫外线照射的温度为30-45℃、物料水分含量为35-65％、照射时间为小于120min。Preferably, the temperature of the ultraviolet irradiation is 30-45° C., the moisture content of the material is 35-65%, and the irradiation time is less than 120 min.
  9. 一种制备富含维生素D 2的食用蘑菇粉的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：将含有麦角固醇的蘑菇经权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法处理后，再经干燥得到所述食用蘑菇粉。 A method for preparing edible mushroom powder rich in vitamin D 2 , characterized in that the method comprises: after the ergosterol-containing mushroom is processed by the method according to any one of claims 1-8, and then dried The edible mushroom powder is obtained.
  10. 由权利要求9所述的方法制得的食用蘑菇粉，其中，所述食用蘑菇粉中的维生素D 2含量不低于15000IU/g。 The edible mushroom powder prepared by the method of claim 9, wherein the vitamin D 2 content in the edible mushroom powder is not less than 15000 IU/g.
  11. 权利要求10所述的食用蘑菇粉在食品中的应用，其中，所述食品优选为保健食品或健康食品。The use of edible mushroom powder in food according to claim 10, wherein the food is preferably a health food or a health food.
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