WO2021253330A1 - 电池组与电动车辆 - Google Patents

电池组与电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021253330A1
WO2021253330A1 PCT/CN2020/096840 CN2020096840W WO2021253330A1 WO 2021253330 A1 WO2021253330 A1 WO 2021253330A1 CN 2020096840 W CN2020096840 W CN 2020096840W WO 2021253330 A1 WO2021253330 A1 WO 2021253330A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
battery
cell assembly
spacer
pressure relief
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/096840
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张海飞
Original Assignee
东莞新能安科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 东莞新能安科技有限公司 filed Critical 东莞新能安科技有限公司
Priority to EP20866937.4A priority Critical patent/EP3958386A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/096840 priority patent/WO2021253330A1/zh
Priority to CN202080025136.1A priority patent/CN113646960B/zh
Priority to US17/281,358 priority patent/US20220200092A1/en
Publication of WO2021253330A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021253330A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a battery pack and an electric vehicle.
  • a battery pack is a device that converts external energy into electrical energy and stores it inside to supply power to external devices when needed.
  • a battery pack includes a battery cell assembly, a battery management assembly, and a casing for accommodating the above two components.
  • the battery core assembly as the core component usually includes a plurality of battery cores arranged adjacently and connected in series (or in parallel), and the plurality of battery cores can work together to achieve the desired power output.
  • the inventor of the present application discovered in the process of realizing the present application that when an abnormal accident such as a short circuit or an overcharge of the inner cell assembly occurs in the battery pack that has undergone a glue-filling process, the cell assembly will be thermally out of control and generate high-temperature gas.
  • the glue filling process makes the battery cell assembly in a sealed state, and it is difficult to discharge the above-mentioned high-temperature gas in time. Therefore, the battery pack after the glue filling process may cause accidents such as battery pack explosion when the heat is out of control.
  • the embodiments of the present application are intended to provide a battery pack and an electric vehicle to solve the technical problem that the current battery pack that has been glue-filled cannot discharge high-temperature gas in time when the battery pack is thermally out of control.
  • a battery pack includes a shell, a battery cell assembly, a first spacer, a pressure relief part and glue.
  • the shell is provided with an accommodating cavity.
  • the battery cell assembly includes a plurality of stacked battery cells, which are accommodated in the accommodating cavity.
  • the first spacer is disposed between the first side of the cell assembly and the casing, and the first spacer deforms when the temperature is greater than the first threshold.
  • the pressure relief portion is provided on the housing, and the pressure relief portion is in contact with the first partition or there is an air passage between the pressure relief portion and the first partition.
  • Glue is filled in the gap between at least a part of the area outside the first end of the battery core assembly and the housing, and is used to fix the battery core assembly and the housing.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly, a packaging bag and a first tab, the electrode assembly is arranged in the packaging bag, the first tab extends out of the packaging bag, and the The packaging bag is provided with a weak portion, and the weak portion is provided between the first separator and the electrode assembly.
  • the packaging bag is provided with a sealing portion, the sealing portion includes a first sealing portion, the first tab extends out of the packaging bag from the first sealing portion, and the weak portion includes a device The first weak part of the first sealing part.
  • the housing includes a bottom wall and a plurality of side walls, the bottom wall and the plurality of side walls form the accommodating cavity, and the first spacer is disposed on the battery cell Between the component and the side wall.
  • the first spacer shrinks when the temperature is greater than the first threshold.
  • the battery pack includes a circuit board housed in the accommodating cavity and a fixing frame, the circuit board is fixed to the fixing frame, and the air channel includes a circuit board arranged on the fixing frame. The first air channel.
  • the fixing frame includes a first frame and a second frame, the circuit board and the second frame are both fixed to the first frame, and the first frame and the second frame are provided with There is a gap, the battery pack includes a flexible circuit board connected to the battery cell, the flexible circuit board is fixed to the circuit board through the gap, and the first air channel is provided in the first support and/or the second support .
  • the battery cell assembly includes a spacer arranged between the battery cores, and the spacer can restrict the passage of the glue.
  • the pressure relief portion is a pressure relief hole or an explosion-proof structure provided in the housing, and the explosion-proof structure includes a rupture disk.
  • the pressure relief hole includes a display panel light hole and/or a key hole which are provided in the housing and communicate with the containing cavity.
  • An electric vehicle includes the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a casing, a battery cell assembly, a first spacer, a pressure relief portion, and glue.
  • the shell is provided with an accommodating cavity.
  • the battery cell assembly is arranged in the above-mentioned accommodating cavity and includes a plurality of battery cells.
  • the first spacer is arranged between the first side of the cell assembly and the housing, and deforms when the temperature is higher than the first threshold.
  • Glue is filled between at least a part of the area outside the first side of the cell assembly and the housing to fix the cell assembly and the housing.
  • the first spacer will undergo thermal deformation, so that the first side of the cell assembly and the casing are formed between The first pressure relief channel, and then the high temperature gas can escape the battery pack through the first pressure relief channel and the pressure relief part, so as to avoid the disadvantage of not being able to discharge the high temperature gas in time when the battery cell assembly is thermally out of control, so as to eliminate the hidden danger of the battery pack explosion .
  • FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a battery pack provided by one of the embodiments of this application;
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery pack in Fig. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective schematic view of the top wall in Figure 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery cell assembly in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery cell assembly in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery core in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 7 is an expanded schematic diagram of the battery core in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective schematic view of the first spacer in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery management component in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a projection of the battery management component in Fig. 2 in one direction.
  • the "installation” includes welding, screwing, clamping, bonding, etc. to fix or restrict a certain element or device to a specific position or place, and the element or device can be held in a specific position or place. It can also move within a limited range without moving, and the element or device can be disassembled or cannot be disassembled after being fixed or restricted to a specific position or place, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively show a three-dimensional schematic diagram and an exploded schematic diagram of the battery pack provided by the present application.
  • the battery pack includes a casing 100, a battery cell assembly 200, a first spacer 300, and a pressure relief portion. (Not shown), glue (not shown), and battery management assembly 400.
  • the housing 100 is provided with an accommodating cavity 111.
  • the battery cell assembly 200 is received in the accommodating cavity 111 and includes a plurality of battery cells 210.
  • the first spacer 300 is provided between the first side of the cell assembly 200 and the housing 100, and deforms when the temperature is greater than the first threshold; wherein, the first threshold in this embodiment is less than the thermal runaway of the cell assembly 200 Temperature value.
  • the pressure relief portion is provided in the housing 100, and the pressure relief portion is in contact with the first partition 300, or there is an air passage between the pressure relief portion and the first partition 300.
  • Glue is filled in the gap between at least a part of the area outside the first side of the cell assembly 200 and the housing 100 for fixing the cell assembly 200 and the housing 100. It is worth noting that the "plurality" mentioned in this application means two or more.
  • FIG. 2 specifically, which includes a bottom wall 110, a plurality of side walls 120, and a top wall 130.
  • the bottom wall 110 has a plate-like structure as a whole.
  • the plurality of side walls 120 are enclosed to form a hollow rectangular parallelepiped shape extending along the first direction X.
  • One end of the plurality of side walls 120 is fixed to the bottom wall 110 and encloses the bottom wall 110 to form the aforementioned accommodating cavity 111 .
  • the above-mentioned multiple side walls 120 are specifically a first side wall 121, a second side wall 122, a third side wall 123, and a fourth side wall 124.
  • the top wall 130 is provided at one end of the plurality of side walls 120 away from the bottom wall 110 and substantially closes the opening of the accommodating cavity 111.
  • the battery cell assembly 200 includes a plurality of The battery cells 210 are stacked in sequence in the first direction X.
  • the first side of the battery cell assembly 200 corresponds to the first side wall 121 of the housing 100, and the first spacer 300 is provided on the battery cell assembly 200 and the first side Between walls 121.
  • the cell 210 includes an electrode assembly 211, a packaging bag 212, and Two first pole ears 213.
  • the electrode assembly 211 is arranged inside the packaging bag 212, and the packaging bag 212 is formed by bending a whole piece of material to wrap the electrode assembly 211, and at the same time, the peripheral area of the electrode assembly 211 is sealed and connected by means of adhesive, hot melt, etc.;
  • the sealed connection portion forms a sealed portion (not shown) of the packaging bag 212.
  • the packaging bag 212 is provided with a weak part (not shown) in the area of the sealing part. ), the strength of the weak part is lower than the strength of other parts, and the high-temperature gas generated by the battery cell 210 will quickly break through the weak part and escape.
  • the weak portion is provided between the first spacer 300 and the electrode assembly 211, that is, the weak portion is provided between the electrode assembly 211 and the first side wall 121.
  • first tab 213 is connected to the electrode assembly 211, and the other end extends out of the packaging bag 212.
  • the pair of first tabs 213 are respectively a positive pole and a negative pole.
  • the aforementioned sealing portion includes a first sealing portion provided between the electrode assembly 211 and the first spacer 300, the first tab 213 extends out of the packaging bag 212 from the aforementioned first sealing portion, and the aforementioned weak portion includes The first weak portion of the first sealing portion; in this embodiment, the side of the cell assembly 200 with the first tab 213 is the first side of the cell assembly 200 of this embodiment.
  • the first weak portion is Both the first tab 213 and the first tab 213 are located on the first side; for the convenience of description, the side of the battery cell assembly 200 away from the first tab 213 is the second side of the battery core assembly 200.
  • Each first tab 213 includes a connecting portion and a bending portion. One end of the connecting portion is connected to the electrode assembly 211, and the other end passes through the packaging bag 211 and extends in a direction away from the packaging bag 212 along the second direction Y; One end of the bent portion is connected to an end of the connecting portion away from the main body, and the other end extends along the above-mentioned first direction X. Between any two adjacent battery cores 210, the extension directions of the bent portions of the two corresponding first tabs are opposite, wherein a pair of bent portions of the adjacent two battery cores 210 close to each other are overlapped and welded to each other fixed.
  • the battery cores 210 are connected in series, and the polarity of the first tab 213 corresponding to the position of the battery cores 210 is opposite. It is understandable that in other embodiments of the present application, the cells 210 can also be connected in parallel. In this case, it is only necessary to set the first pole ears connected to each other to have the same polarity on the basis of the above, and pass a The copper bar is connected to the first tab of each positive polarity, and the first tab of each negative polarity is connected through another copper bar.
  • the battery cell assembly 200 further includes a first support 220.
  • the first support 220 is provided at one end of the packaging bag 212 close to the first spacer 300 and abuts against the packaging bag 212 along the first direction X, a first support 220 abuts against the packaging bags 212 of the two battery cells 210 at the same time; the bent portion of the first tab 213 is carried on the end of the first support 220 away from the packaging bags 212.
  • the first support 220 is made of foam, which has an air-permeable structure.
  • the first support 220 can be used to carry the bent portion of the first tab 213, and on the other hand, it can also allow batteries to The high temperature gas generated by 210 passes through.
  • the first spacer 300 has a flat plate-like or sheet-like structure as a whole. It is accommodated in the accommodating cavity 111 and is arranged between the first side and the first side wall 121 and basically covers the first side of the battery cell assembly 200. In this embodiment, along the above-mentioned second direction Y, both ends of the first spacer 300 abut against the first side of the cell assembly 200 and the side wall 120 of the housing respectively, so as to ensure that the first spacer 300 is compactly mounted on Between the housing 100 and the cell assembly 200, so as to prevent the first spacer 300 from moving freely.
  • the first spacer 300 may be adhesively fixed to the cell assembly or the side wall.
  • the deformation temperature of the first spacer 300 is a first threshold, and the first spacer 300 will undergo thermal deformation when subjected to a temperature greater than the first threshold.
  • a gap is formed between the first side of the cell assembly 200 and the housing 100.
  • the first pressure relief channel, the first threshold is less than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell assembly 200.
  • the form of "deformation" of the first spacer 300 can be specifically represented by the volume shrinkage or melting or vaporization of the first spacer 300; in this embodiment, the first spacer 300 shrinks when heated.
  • the first spacer 300 is made of a fusible material; further alternatively, the first spacer 300 is formed of foam with a lower melting point, and the foam has elasticity, so the first spacer 300 When the battery cell assembly is thermally out of control, the function of exhaust and explosion-proof can be realized. On the other hand, it can also serve as a buffer and shockproof when the battery pack is in normal operation, so as to prevent the battery cell assembly 200 from being strongly impacted.
  • first spacer 300 can also make adaptive changes to the first spacer 300 on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, as long as the first spacer 300 can be deformed under the action of high-temperature gas, and make the first side and the shell
  • the first pressure relief channel may be formed between the bodies; for example, in some other embodiments of the present application, the first partition is a bubble bag.
  • An end of the first spacer 300 away from the cell assembly 200 is provided with a limiting groove 310.
  • the first side wall is provided with a limiting protrusion 112 corresponding to the limiting groove 310 at a corresponding position.
  • the limiting protrusion cooperates with the above limiting groove to facilitate the installation, positioning and fixing of the first spacer 300.
  • the above-mentioned limiting groove 310 extends along the first direction. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the limiting groove may also be provided on the inner wall of the housing, and correspondingly, the limiting protrusion is provided on the first spacer.
  • the pressure relief part is arranged in the housing 100 and is weaker than other parts of the housing 100. There is an air channel between the pressure relief part and the first spacer 300. When high-temperature gas is produced due to factors such as thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas is passed through so that the high-temperature gas escapes out of the casing 100.
  • the pressure relief portion is a pressure relief hole structure; specifically, referring to FIG. 3, which shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the top wall 130, the outer surface of the top wall 130 is provided with a communication port 111
  • the display panel light hole 131 and the key hole 132 have through-hole structures, and the pressure relief hole includes the display panel light hole 131 and/or the key hole 132.
  • the pressure relief portion may also have other structures, as long as it can allow the high-temperature gas to pass through when the cell assembly generates high-temperature gas; for example:
  • the pressure relief portion may also be an explosion-proof structure, the explosion-proof structure includes a rupture disk, high-temperature gas rushes through the rupture disk to flow out of the housing 100, the rupture disk may be a low-strength weakening of the housing 100 itself In the area, the rupture disk may also be a film structure that is additionally covered after the housing 100 is opened, and the rupture disk may also be an explosion-proof membrane structure on an explosion-proof valve installed on the housing 100.
  • the pressure relief portion can also be in direct contact with the first spacer. At this time, the gas escaping from the battery cell assembly 200 directly passes through the first pressure relief channel and the pressure relief portion to escape the housing 100.
  • the pressure relief portion can directly It is in direct contact with the first side wall provided with the protrusion 112 in this embodiment.
  • the glue fills the gap between at least a part of the area outside the first side of the cell assembly 200 and the housing 100 to fix the cell assembly 200 and the housing 100.
  • the glue is a potting glue; it can be understood that in other embodiments of the present application, the glue can also be other curable fluid materials such as styrofoam, silica gel, etc., which are not limited here.
  • the battery pack further includes a buffer assembly 500.
  • the buffer assembly 500 has a certain degree of elasticity. It is arranged between at least a part of the cell assembly 200 outside the first side and the inner wall of the housing 100, and cooperates with the first spacer 300, so that each cell 210.
  • the first support 220 can be maintained at a relatively fixed position.
  • the buffer assembly 500 can restrict the passage of the above-mentioned glue, which is beneficial to reduce the amount of glue and reduce the cost.
  • the buffer assembly 500 includes an end buffer 510 and a side buffer 520; wherein the end buffer 510 is provided between the second side of the cell assembly and the inner wall of the housing 100, and the side buffer 242 is provided on the cell
  • the assembly 200 is between the side surface between the first side and the second side and the housing 100.
  • the end buffer 510 and/or the side buffer 520 are foam.
  • the above-mentioned battery cell assembly 200 further includes a spacer 230 arranged between the battery cores 210.
  • the spacer 230 has a flat sheet-like structure as a whole and can restrict the passage of the above-mentioned glue.
  • the spacer 230 is arranged so that there is a certain safety gap between two adjacent battery cells 210, which is safe The gap provides a certain margin for the expansion of the battery core 210.
  • the isolating member 230 is an elastic member. When the cell is thermally out of control, the isolating member 230 can efficiently absorb the expansion of the cell 210 through elastic deformation, thereby preventing the cell 210 from being deformed due to excessive air pressure and exploding.
  • the above-mentioned spacer 230 is a gas-permeable structure, and after part of the high-temperature gas escapes from the center of the cell 210, it flows through the spacer 230 to the above-mentioned first support member 220, and then passes through the first support member 220 in sequence. , The first pressure relief channel, the air channel and the pressure relief portion escape to the housing 100.
  • the spacer 230 is foam, which on the one hand can allow the high temperature gas generated by the battery cell assembly to pass through it, on the other hand, it can also restrict the passage of the potting glue.
  • the central part of the spacer 230 is provided with a hole structure penetrating along the first direction X, that is, the spacer 230 is in the shape of a zigzag as a whole, and the arrangement of the hole structure can reduce the isolation of high-temperature gas during the escape process. The resistance of the member 230 to it, thereby achieving a better exhaust explosion-proof effect.
  • the first spacer 300 can restrict the passage of glue.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 respectively show a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery management assembly 400 and a projection schematic view in one direction.
  • the battery management assembly 400 is disposed in the above-mentioned accommodating cavity.
  • 111 which includes a circuit board 410, a fixing frame 420, two copper bars 430 (FIG. 4), and a flexible circuit board 440 (FIG. 4).
  • the circuit board 410 is fixed to the fixing frame 420 and electrically connected to the cell assembly 200, and is used to control and manage the cell assembly 200 to complete the desired work in a timely manner.
  • the fixing frame 420 includes a first bracket 421 and a second bracket 422.
  • the first bracket 421 is in the shape of a box placed away from the battery cell assembly 200, and defines a receiving cavity (not shown) for receiving the circuit board 410 and the second bracket 422; along the first direction X, the first A bracket 421 is provided on one side of the battery cell assembly 200 and is located on the path of the high-temperature gas flowing from the first spacer 300 to the pressure relief portion.
  • the circuit board 410 is specifically fixed to the first bracket 421.
  • the second bracket 422 is accommodated in the above-mentioned receiving cavity and fixed to the first bracket 421, and a gap 423 is provided between the end of the first bracket 411 close to the first side wall, and the second bracket 422 is used to install the two copper bars 430. .
  • One end of the copper bar 430 away from the second bracket 422 is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery cell assembly 200.
  • One end of the flexible circuit board 440 is electrically connected to the tabs of the above-mentioned battery cells 210, and the other end first passes through the first bracket 421 and is close to the end of the battery cell assembly 200, and then passes through the gap 423 to be fixed and electrically connected to the circuit board 410 .
  • the air passage includes a first air passage 450 arranged on the fixing frame 420.
  • the first ventilation channel 450 is provided on the first bracket 421 and the second bracket 422 at the same time, and it penetrates the first bracket 421 and the second bracket 422 as a whole; specifically, it includes a square provided on the first bracket 421 A through hole, and a circular through hole provided in the second bracket 422, the circular through hole communicates with the above-mentioned square through hole.
  • the high-temperature gas escaping from the battery cell assembly 200 sequentially escapes through the above-mentioned first pressure relief channel, part of the air channel in the housing 100, the first air channel, part of the air channel in the housing 100, and the pressure relief part. ⁇ 100 ⁇ Housing 100.
  • the first air passage may also be provided only in the first support; when the second support is not received in the receiving cavity of the first support, the above-mentioned first air passage may also be only Set in the second bracket.
  • the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a housing 100, a battery cell assembly 200, a first spacer 300, a pressure relief portion, glue, and a battery management assembly 400.
  • the housing 100 is provided with a accommodating cavity 111 for accommodating the battery cell assembly 200.
  • the first spacer 300 is disposed between the first side of the battery cell assembly 200 and the inner wall of the housing 100, and is heated and deformed when the temperature is higher than the first preset threshold, so that the first side of the battery cell assembly 200 is in contact with the inner wall of the housing 100.
  • a first pressure relief channel is formed between the housing 100; wherein, the first preset threshold is lower than the temperature at which the battery cell assembly 200 is thermally out of control.
  • the pressure relief part is provided in the housing 100.
  • the glue is provided between the battery cell assembly 200 and the housing 100 and is used for filling between the battery cell assembly 200 and the housing 100 and fixing the battery cell assembly 200 and the housing 100.
  • the high-temperature gas generated can smoothly escape through the first pressure relief channel and the pressure relief portion, thereby avoiding the battery cells.
  • the first side of the above-mentioned embodiment is the end of the battery cell assembly 200 provided with the first tab 213, which corresponds to the first side wall 121
  • the first side of the cell assembly 200 may also correspond to the second side wall 122 instead of the first side wall 121.
  • the first tab 213 still corresponds to the first side wall 121
  • the first spacer 300 is provided Between the second side wall 122 and the cell assembly 200, at this time, the first sealing portion and the first weak portion are still located between the first spacer 300 and the electrode assembly 211, but only the first sealing portion and the first weak portion No longer corresponds to the first tab 2123.
  • the specific arrangement of the first spacer 300, the first sealing portion, and the first weak portion can also have other deformation forms, which will not be exhaustive here.
  • this application also provides another battery pack.
  • this battery pack will be referred to as the second battery pack hereinafter, and the battery pack in the first embodiment Called the first battery pack.
  • the main difference between the second battery pack and the first battery pack is:
  • the first battery pack only includes a first spacer 300, and the battery cell 210 includes two first tabs 213, and the two first tabs 213 are both provided at the first side pressure relief portion of the battery cell assembly 200;
  • the second battery pack also includes another first spacer, and the battery cell 210 includes a first tab and a second tab.
  • the other first spacer is disposed between the second side and the third side wall of the cell assembly.
  • the above-mentioned sealing portion further includes a second sealing portion provided between the electrode assembly and the third side wall
  • the packaging bag further includes a second weak portion provided on the second sealing portion, that is: a single cell generated
  • the high-temperature gas can escape at least partially through the second weakened portion, and shrink the first spacer provided between the electrode assembly and the third side wall, thereby forming a second leak between the cell assembly and the third side wall.
  • Pressure channel so that at least part of the above-mentioned high temperature gas escapes the shell through the air channel and the pressure relief part in sequence.
  • the first tab is provided between the electrode assembly and the first side wall, and has the same structure as the first tab 213 in the first battery pack; the second tab is provided between the electrode assembly and the third side wall, It is also the same structure as the first tab 213 in the first battery pack.
  • One end of the second tab is connected to the electrode assembly, and the other end extends out of the packaging bag from the second sealing portion.
  • this embodiment provides that the second battery pack will form a first pressure relief channel and a second pressure relief channel when thermally out of control, and high-temperature gas can respectively pass through the first pressure relief channel And the second pressure relief channel flows to the pressure relief part, and its exhaust efficiency is higher, so the explosion-proof effect of the second battery pack is better.
  • the pressure relief portion may also be provided on the third side wall, or the number of pressure relief portions is multiple, and at least one pressure relief portion is provided on the top wall. , At least one pressure relief portion is provided on the third side wall.
  • the first weak portion and/or the second weak portion may also be provided not corresponding to the tabs, that is, the first weak portion and/or the second weak portion are provided on the electrical electrode assembly and the first weak portion. Between the two side walls 122 (or the fourth side wall 124).
  • the present application also provides an energy storage device, which includes the battery pack in any of the foregoing embodiments. Since the battery pack is included, the energy storage device can discharge high-temperature gas in time when the battery pack is thermally out of control, eliminating the hidden danger of battery pack explosion.
  • this application also provides an electric vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned energy storage device, that is, the electric vehicle also includes the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • the electric vehicle can discharge high-temperature gas in time when the battery pack is thermally out of control, eliminating the hidden danger of battery pack explosion.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例涉及电池领域，公开了电池组与电动车辆。电池组包括：壳体、电芯组件、第一隔件、泄压部与胶水。其中，第一隔件设于电芯组件的第一侧与壳体之间，其在温度高于第一阈值时将发生变形。胶水填充于电芯组件的第一侧之外的至少部分区域与壳体之间，以固定电芯组件与壳体。则，本申请实施例提供的电池组在发生热失控时，第一隔件将发生受热变形，从而使电芯组件的第一侧及壳体之间形成第一泄压通道，然后该高温气体可顺利地经过第一泄压通道及泄压部逸出该电池组，从而避免电芯组件热失控时不能及时排出高温气体的弊端，以消除电池组爆炸的隐患。

Description

电池组与电动车辆 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池组与电动车辆。
背景技术
电池组是一种将外界的能量转化为电能并储存于其内部，以在需要的时刻对外部设备进行供电的装置。一般地，电池组包括电芯组件、电池管理组件以及用于收容上述两组件的壳体。其中，作为核心部件的电芯组件通常包括多个相邻设置并相互串联(或并联)的电芯，该多个电芯可以共同配合以实现期望功率的输出。
为保证电芯组件能够稳定地安装于壳体内而不发生位移变化，有一些厂商会采用灌封胶、硅胶等胶水对电池组进行灌胶处理，以使上述胶水填充在电芯组件的外表面与壳体内壁之间，则电芯组件整体固定于壳体，进而可克服电芯组件在壳体内发生位移的缺陷。
然而，本申请的发明人在实现本申请的过程中发现：经过灌胶处理的电池组在内部电芯组件发生短路或过充等异常事故时，电芯组件将发生热失控并产生高温气体，而灌胶处理使电芯组件呈一密闭的状态，难以及时排出上述高温气体，故而经过灌胶处理的电池组在热失控时可能引发电池组爆炸等事故。
发明内容
本申请实施例旨在提供一种电池组与电动车辆，以解决目前经过灌胶处理的电池组在电芯组件热失控时不能及时排出高温气体的技术问题。
本申请实施例解决其技术问题采用以下技术方案：
一种电池组，包括壳体、电芯组件、第一隔件、泄压部与胶水。其中，壳体设有容置腔。电芯组件包括多个堆叠设置的电芯，其收容于所述容置腔。第一隔件设于所述电芯组件的第一侧与所述壳体之间，所述第一隔件在温度大于第一阈值时，发生变形。泄压部设于所述壳体，泄压部与第一隔件接触或者泄压部与第一隔件之间有空气通道。胶水填充于所述电芯组件的所述第一端部之外的至少部分区域与所述壳体之间的间隙，用于固定电芯组件和壳体。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进方案，所述电芯包括电极组件、包装袋和第一极耳，所述电极组件设于包装袋内，所述第一极耳延伸出所述包装袋，所述包装袋设有薄弱部，所述薄弱部设于所述第一隔件和所述电极组件之间。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进方案，所述包装袋设有密封部，所述密封部包括第一密封部，所述第一极耳自第一密封部延伸出包装袋，所述薄弱部包括设于第一密封部的第一薄弱部。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进方案，所述壳体包括底壁和多个侧壁，所述底壁与所述多个侧壁形成所述容置腔，所述第一隔件设于电芯组件和侧壁之间。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进方案，所述第一隔件在温度大于第一阈值时，发生收缩。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进方案，所述电池组包括收容于所述容置腔的电路板和固定架，所述电路板固定于所述固定架，所述空气通道包括设于固定架上的第一空气通道。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进方案，所述固定架包括第一支架和第二支架，所述电路板和第二支架均固定于所述第一支架，所述第一支架和第二支架设置设有间隙，所述电池组包括连接所述电芯的柔性电路板，所述柔性电路板穿过所述间隙与电路板固定，所述第一空气通道设于第一支架和/或第二支架。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进方案，所述电芯组件包括设于所述电芯之间的隔离件，所述隔离件可限制所述胶水通过。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进方案，泄压部为设于壳体的泄压孔或防爆结构，所述防爆结构包括防爆片。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进方案，泄压孔包括设于壳体与所述容置腔连通的显示板灯孔和/或按键孔。
本申请实施例解决其技术问题还采用以下技术方案：
一种电动车辆，包括上述的电池组。
本申请的有益效果是：
本申请实施例提供的电池组包括壳体、电芯组件、第一隔件、泄压部与胶水。其中，壳体设有容置腔。电芯组件设于上述容置腔且包括多个电芯。第一隔件设于电芯组件的第一侧与壳体之间，其在温度高于第一阈值时将发生变形。胶水填充于电芯组件的第一侧之外的至少部分区域与壳体之间，以固定电芯组件与壳体。则，与目前市场上的电池组相比，本申请实施例提供的电池组在发生热失控时，第一隔件将发生受热变形，从而使电芯组件的第一侧及壳体之间形成第一泄压通道，然后该高温气体可经过第一泄压通道及泄压部逸出该电池组，从而避免电芯组件热失控时不能及时排出高温气体的弊端，以消除电池组爆炸的隐患。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请其中一实施例提供的电池组的立体示意图；
图2为图1中电池组的分解示意图；
图3为图2中顶壁的立体示意图；
图4为图2中电芯组件的立体示意图；
图5为图2中电芯组件的分解示意图；
图6为图2中电芯的立体示意图；
图7为图2中电芯的展开示意图；
图8为图2中第一隔件的立体示意图；
图9为图2中电池管理组件的立体示意图；
图10为图2中电池管理组件的一个方向的投影示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本申请进行更详细的说明。需要说明的是，当元件被表述“固定于”/“固接于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上、或者其间可以存在一个或多个居中的元件。当一个元件被表述“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件、或者其间可以存在一个或多个居中的元件。本说明书所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本说明书所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是用于限制本申请。本说明书所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
此外，下面所描述的本申请不同实施例中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
在本说明书中，所述“安装”包括焊接、螺接、卡接、粘合等方式将某一元件或装置固定或限制于特定位置或地方，所述元件或装置可在特定位置或地方保持不动也可在限定范围内活动，所述元件或装置固定或限制于特定位置或地方后可进行拆卸也可不能进行拆卸，在本申请实施例中不作限制。
请一并参阅图1与图2，其分别示出了本申请提供的电池组的立体示意图及分解示意图，该电池组包括壳体100、电芯组件200、第一隔件300、泄压部(未示出)、胶水(未示出) 以及电池管理组件400。其中，壳体100设有容置腔111。电芯组件200收容于容置腔111，其包括多个电芯210。第一隔件300设于电芯组件200的第一侧与壳体100之间，其在温度大于第一阈值时发生变形；其中，本实施例中第一阈值小于电芯组件200的热失控温度值。泄压部设于壳体100，该泄压部与第一隔件300接触，或者该泄压部与第一隔件300之间具有空气通道。胶水填充于电芯组件200的第一侧之外的至少部分区域与壳体100之间的间隙，用于固定电芯组件200与壳体100。值得注意的是，本申请中所述的“多个”意为两个以上。
对于上述壳体100，请具体参照图2，其包括底壁110、多个侧壁120与顶壁130。其中，底壁110整体呈一板状结构。该多个侧壁120围合呈一沿第一方向X延伸的中空的长方体形状，该多个侧壁120的一端固定于底壁110，并与底壁110围合形成上述的容置腔111。本实施例中，上述多个侧壁120具体为第一侧壁121、第二侧壁122、第三侧壁123以及第四侧壁124，该四个侧壁依次连接，并围合呈所述长方体形状。顶壁130设于上述多个侧壁120远离底壁110的一端，并基本封闭容置腔111的开口。
对于上述电芯组件200，请具体参照图4及图5，其分别示出了电芯组件200的立体示意图以及分解示意图，同时结合图1至图3，该电芯组件200包括多个沿上述第一方向X依次堆叠设置的电芯210，该电芯组件200的第一侧与壳体100的第一侧壁121对应，且上述第一隔件300设于电芯组件200与第一侧壁121之间。
对于电芯210，请具体参照图6及图7，其分别示出了单个电芯210的立体示意图及展开示意图，同时结合图4及图5，电芯210包括电极组件211、包装袋212和两第一极耳213。其中，电极组件211设于包装袋212内部，包装袋212由一整块材料弯折以包裹上述电极组件211，同时在电极组件211的周边区域通过胶粘、热熔等方式密封连接形成；上述密封连接的部位形成包装袋212的密封部(未示出)。为便于电芯210在热失控时，其内的高温气体能够及时且有针对性地从一特定部位规则有序地逸出，该包装袋212在密封部的区域设置有薄弱部(未示出)，该薄弱部的强度低于其他部位的强度，电芯210产生的高温气体会迅速冲破该薄弱部逸出。本实施例中，该薄弱部设于第一隔件300与电极组件211之间，即是该薄弱部设于电极组件211与第一侧壁121之间。
第一极耳213的一端与电极组件211连接，另一端延伸出包装袋212，该一对第一极耳213分别为一正极性的极耳与一负极性的极耳。可选地，上述密封部包括设于电极组件211与第一隔件300之间的第一密封部，所述第一极耳213自上述第一密封部伸出包装袋212，上述薄弱部包括设于该第一密封部的第一薄弱部；本实施例中，电芯组件200设有第一极耳213的一侧为本实施例电芯组件200的第一侧，上述第一薄弱部及第一极耳213均位于所述第一侧；为方便描述，电芯组件200远离第一极耳213的一侧为电芯组件200的第二侧。每一第一极耳213均包括连接部与弯折部，连接部的一端与电极组件211连接，另一端穿过上述包装袋211且沿上述第二方向Y朝远离包装袋212的方向延伸；弯折部的一端与连接部远离主体的一端连接，另一端沿上述第一方向X延伸。任意相邻的两电芯210之间，两相互对应的第一极耳的弯折部的延伸方向相反，其中，相邻两电芯210的彼此靠近的一对弯折部相 互搭接并焊接固定。
本实施例中，各电芯210之间串联，各电芯210之间位置相对应的第一极耳213的极性相反。可以理解的是，在本申请的其他实施例中，各电芯210之间亦可以并联连接，此时只需在上述基础上将相互连接的第一极耳设置成极性相同，同时通过一铜排连接各正极性的第一极耳，通过另一铜排连接各负极性的第一极耳即可。
进一步地，为避免弯折部因悬空而容易受到破坏发生变形，上述电芯组件200还包括第一支撑件220。具体地，请返回参照图4及图5，同时结合其他附图，该第一支撑件220设于包装袋212靠近上述第一隔件300的一端并与包装袋212抵接，沿第一方向X，一第一支撑件220同时抵接于两电芯210的包装袋212；第一极耳213的弯折部承载于第一支撑件220远离包装袋212的一端。可选地，第一支撑件220为泡棉，所述泡棉为透气结构，第一支撑件220一方面可以用于承载第一极耳213的弯折部，另一方面还可以允许电芯210产生的高温气体通过。
对于上述第一隔件300，请具体参照图8，其示出了第一隔件300的立体示意图，同时结合其他附图，第一隔件300整体呈一扁平的板状或片状结构，其收容于容置腔111，并设于上述第一侧与第一侧壁121之间，并基本覆盖电芯组件200的第一侧。本实施例中，沿上述第二方向Y，第一隔件300的两端分别与电芯组件200的第一侧及壳体侧壁120抵接，以确保第一隔件300紧凑地安装于壳体100与电芯组件200之间，从而避免第一隔件300发生自由移动，其他实施例中，第一隔件300可粘接固定在电芯组件或侧壁。第一隔件300的变形温度为第一阈值，所述第一隔件300在受到大于上述第一阈值的温度时将发生受热变形，电芯组件200的第一侧与壳体100之间形成第一泄压通道，该第一阈值小于电芯组件200的热失控温度度。值得一提的是，第一隔件300“变形”的形式具体表现可以为第一隔件300的体积收缩或熔化或气化；本实施例中，第一隔件300受热时发生收缩。可选地，第一隔件300由可熔材料制成；进一步可选地，第一隔件300由熔点较低的泡棉形成，所述泡棉具有弹性，则第一隔件300一方面在电芯组件热失控时可以实现排气防爆的功能，另一方面在电池组正常工作时还可以起到缓冲防震，避免电芯组件200受到强力冲击的作用。当然，本领域的技术人员还可在上述实施例的基础上对第一隔件300作适应性改变，只要第一隔件300能在高温气体的作用下发生变形，并使第一侧与壳体之间形成第一泄压通道即可；例如：在本申请的另一些实施例中，第一隔件为气泡袋。
第一隔件300远离电芯组件200的一端设有限位凹槽310，相应地，上述第一侧壁于对应位置设有与上述限位凹槽310相适配的限位凸起112，该限位凸起与上述限位凹槽配合，以便于第一隔件300的安装定位及固定。可选地，上述限位凹槽310沿第一方向延伸。可以理解的是，在本申请的其他实施例中，限位凹槽还可以是设置于壳体的内壁，相应地，限位凸起设置于第一隔件。
所述泄压部，其设置于壳体100，并相对壳体100其他的部位更为薄弱，其与第一隔件300之间具有空气通道，该泄压部用于在电芯组件200因热失控等因素产出高温气体时，供 该高温气体通过以使该高温气体逸出壳体100之外。本实施例中，该泄压部为泄压孔结构；具体地，请结合图3，其示出了顶壁130的立体示意图，顶壁130的外表面设有与上述容置腔111连通的显示板灯孔131和按键孔132等通孔结构，上述泄压孔包括该显示板灯孔131和/或按键孔132。则，电芯组件200逸出的高温气体依次经过上述第一泄压通道、空气通道及上述泄压孔逸出壳体100。可以理解的是，在本申请的其他实施例中，该泄压部还可以是其他结构，只要其能够在电芯组件产生高温气体时供所述高温气体通过即可；例如：在本申请的其他实施例中，泄压部还可以是防爆结构，该防爆结构包括防爆片，高温气体冲开防爆片流动到壳体100之外，该防爆片可以是壳体100本身的一个低强度的薄弱区域，该防爆片也可以是在壳体100开孔后另外再覆盖的薄膜结构，该防爆片还可以是一安装于壳体100上的防爆阀上的一个防爆膜结构。此外，泄压部亦可以是直接与第一隔件接触的，此时电芯组件200逸出的气体直接经过第一泄压通道及泄压部逸出壳体100，比如泄压部可以直接与本实施中设有凸起112的第一侧壁直接接触。
对于上述胶水，其填充于电芯组件200的第一侧之外的至少部分区域与壳体100之间的间隙，以固定电芯组件200与壳体100。本实施例中，胶水为灌封胶；可以理解的是，在本申请的其他实施例中，胶水还可以是发泡胶、硅胶等其他可固化的流体材料，在此不一一限定。
本实施例，该电池组还包括缓冲组件500，具体请参照图5，同时结合其他附图。缓冲组件500具有一定弹性，其设于电芯组件200于第一侧之外的至少部分区域与壳体100的内壁之间，并与上述第一隔件300共同配合作用，从而使各电芯210、第一支撑件220能够维持在一相对固定的位置，本实施例中，缓冲组件500可限制上述胶水通过，有利于减少胶水用量，降低成本。缓冲组件500包括端部缓冲件510与侧部缓冲件520；其中，端部缓冲件510设于电芯组件的第二侧与壳体100的内壁之间，侧部缓冲件242设于电芯组件200于第一侧与第二侧之间的侧面与壳体100之间。可选地，该端部缓冲件510和/或侧部缓冲件520为泡棉。
进一步地，上述电芯组件200还包括设于电芯210之间的隔离件230。具体地，请参照图5，隔离件230整体呈扁平的片状结构，且可限制上述胶水通过，该隔离件230的设置使得相邻的两电芯210之间具有一定的安全间隙，该安全间隙为电芯210的膨胀提供了一定的余量。可选地，隔离件230为弹性件，则在电芯热失控时，隔离件230能够通过弹性形变高效吸收电芯210的膨胀量，进而避免电芯210本体内气压过大无法形变而发生爆炸的隐患。进一步可选地，上述隔离件230为透气结构，则部分高温气体自电芯210的中心逸出后，经由隔离件230再向上述第一支撑件220流动，接下依次经过第一支撑件220、第一泄压通道、空气通道及泄压部逸出至壳体100。进一步可选地，隔离件230为泡棉，泡棉一方面能够允许电芯组件产生的高温气体通过其内部，另一方面亦能够将限制灌封胶通过。进一步可选地，隔离件230的中心部位设有沿第一方向X贯通的孔结构，即是：隔离件230整体呈回字形，该孔结构的设置能够减小高温气体在逸出过程中隔离件230对其的阻力，从而起到更佳的排 气防爆效果。同理，为避免胶水自第一隔件300渗入至上述薄弱部处，第一隔件300可限制胶水通过。
对于上述电池管理组件400，请参照图9与图10，其分别示出了电池管理组件400的立体示意图及一个方向的投影示意图，同时结合其他附图，电池管理组件400设于上述容置腔111，其包括电路板410、固定架420、两铜排430(图4)以及柔性电路板440(图4)。电路板410固定于固定架420并与电芯组件200电连接，其用于控制管理电芯组件200适时完成期望工作。固定架420包括第一支架421和第二支架422。其中，第一支架421呈背向电芯组件200放置的盒体状，其限定出一收容上述电路板410及第二支架422的收容腔(未示出)；沿上述第一方向X，第一支架421设于电芯组件200的一侧并位于上述高温气体自第一隔件300处流向泄压部的路径上，上述电路板410具体固定于该第一支架421。第二支架422收容于上述收容腔并固定于第一支架421，并与第一支架411靠近第一侧壁的一端之间设置有间隙423，该第二支架422用于安装上述两铜排430。铜排430远离第二支架422的一端与电芯组件200的正极或负极连接。柔性电路板440的一端与上述各电芯210的极耳分别电连接，另一端首先穿过第一支架421靠近电芯组件200的一端，然后穿过上述间隙423与电路板410固定并电连接。
为便于上述高温气体的排出，上述空气通道包括设置于上述固定架420的第一空气通道450。本实施例中，该第一通气通道450同时设置于第一支架421与第二支架422，其整体贯通第一支架421与第二支架422；具体地，其包括设于第一支架421的方形通孔，以及设于第二支架422的圆形通孔，该圆形通孔与上述方形通孔连通。即是，自电芯组件200逸出的高温气体依次经过上述第一泄压通道、壳体100内的部分空气通道、第一空气通道、壳体100内的部分空气通道以及泄压部逸出壳体100。可以理解的是，在本申请的其他实施例中，第一空气通道还可以仅设于第一支架；在第二支架不收容于第一支架的收容腔时，上述第一空气通道还可以仅设置于第二支架。
本申请实施例提供的电池组包括壳体100、电芯组件200、第一隔件300、泄压部、胶水以及电池管理组件400。其中，壳体100设有用于收容电芯组件200的容置腔111。第一隔件300设于电芯组件200的第一侧与壳体100的内壁之间，其在温度高于第一预设阈值时发生受热变形，以使电芯组件200的第一侧与壳体100之间形成一第一泄压通道；其中，第一预设阈值低于电芯组件200热失控的温度。泄压部设于壳体100。胶水设于电芯组件200与壳体100之间，其用于填充在电芯组件200与壳体100之间并固定电芯组件200与壳体100。则，与目前市场上的电池组相比，本申请实施例提供的电池组在发生热失控时，产生的高温气体可顺利地经过第一泄压通道及泄压部逸出，从而避免电芯组件热失控时不能及时排出高温气体的弊端，以消除电池组爆炸的隐患。
应当理解，即使上述实施例中第一侧为电芯组件200设有第一极耳213的一端，其与第一侧壁121对应，但本申请并不局限于此；在其他实施例中，电芯组件200的第一侧还可以是与第二侧壁122对应，而并非第一侧壁121，相应地，第一极耳213仍与第一侧壁121对 应，第一隔件300设置于第二侧壁122与电芯组件200之间，此时，第一密封部与第一薄弱部仍位于第一隔件300与电极组件211之间，只是第一密封部及第一薄弱部不再与第一极耳2123对应。当然，第一隔件300、第一密封部与第一薄弱部的具体设置方式还可以有其他变形形式，在此不一一穷举。
基于同一发明构思，本申请还提供另一种电池组，为便于与第一实施例中的电池组区分，以下将该电池组称为第二电池组，同时将第一实施例中的电池组称为第一电池组。该第二电池组与第一电池组的主要不同在于：
第一电池组仅包括一第一隔件300，电芯210包括两第一极耳213，该两第一极耳213均设于电芯组件200的第一侧泄压部；
而第二电池组还包括另一第一隔件，电芯210包括一第一极耳与一第二极耳。
具体地，该另一第一隔件设置于电芯组件的第二侧与第三侧壁之间。可选地，上述密封部还包括设于电极组件与第三侧壁之间的第二密封部，包装袋还包括设于第二密封部的第二薄弱部，即是：单个电芯产生的高温气体可至少部分通过第二薄弱部逸出，并使设置于电极组件与第三侧壁之间的第一隔件发生收缩，进而使电芯组件与第三侧壁之间形成第二泄压通道，从而使上述至少部分高温气体再依次通过空气通道及泄压部逸出壳体。
第一极耳设于电极组件与第一侧壁之间，其与上述第一电池组中的第一极耳213的结构相同；第二极耳设于电极组件与第三侧壁之间，其亦与上述第一电池组中的第一极耳213的结构相同，该第二极耳的一端与电极组件连接，另一端自上述第二密封部延伸出包装袋。
与第一实施例中第一电池组相比，本实施例提供第二电池组在热失控时将形成第一泄压通道和第二泄压通道，高温气体可分别通过该第一泄压通道及第二泄压通道流向泄压部，其排气效率更高，故该第二电池组的防爆效果更佳。
可以理解的是，在第二电池组的其他一些实施例中，泄压部还可以设置在第三侧壁，或者，泄压部的数量为多个，至少一泄压部设于上述顶壁，至少一泄压部设于第三侧壁。此外，第二电池组中，第一薄弱部和/或第二薄弱部亦可以是不与极耳对应地设置，即是第一薄弱部和/或第二薄弱部设置在电电极组件与第二侧壁122(或第四侧壁124)之间。
基于同一发明构思，本申请还提供一种储能装置，其包括上述任一实施例中的电池组。由于包括上述电池组，故该储能装置在电池组热失控时能够及时排出高温气体，消除电池组爆炸的隐患。
基于同一发明构思，本申请还提供一种电动车辆，其包括上述的储能装置，即是：该电动车辆亦包括上述的电池组。该电动车辆在电池组热失控时能够及时排出高温气体，消除电池组爆炸的隐患。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；在本申请 的思路下，以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合，步骤可以以任意顺序实现，并存在如上所述的本申请的不同方面的许多其它变化，为了简明，它们没有在细节中提供；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池组，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，设有容置腔；
    电芯组件，包括多个堆叠设置的电芯，收容于所述容置腔；
    第一隔件，设于所述电芯组件的第一侧与所述壳体之间，所述第一隔件在温度大于第一阈值时，发生变形；
    泄压部，设于所述壳体上，泄压部与第一隔件接触或者泄压部与第一隔件之间有空气通道；
    胶水，填充于所述电芯组件的所述第一侧之外的至少部分区域与所述壳体之间的间隙，用于固定所述电芯组件和所述壳体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述电芯包括电极组件、包装袋和第一极耳，所述电极组件设于包装袋内，所述第一极耳延伸出所述包装袋，所述包装袋设有薄弱部，所述薄弱部设于所述第一隔件和所述电极组件之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述包装袋设有密封部，所述密封部包括第一密封部，所述第一极耳自第一密封部延伸出包装袋，所述薄弱部包括设于第一密封部的第一薄弱部。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述壳体包括底壁和多个侧壁，所述底壁与所述多个侧壁形成所述容置腔，所述第一隔件设于电芯组件和侧壁之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述第一隔件在温度大于第一阈值时，发生收缩。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述电池组包括收容于所述容置腔的电路板和固定架，所述电路板固定于所述固定架，所述空气通道包括设于固定架上的第一空气通道。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述固定架包括第一支架和第二支架，所述电路板和第二支架均固定于所述第一支架，所述第一支架和第二支架设置设有间隙，所述电池组包括连接所述电芯的柔性电路板，所述柔性电路板穿过所述间隙与电路板固定，所述第一空气通道设于第一支架和/或第二支架。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述电芯组件包括设于所述电芯之间的隔离件，所述隔离件可限制所述胶水通过。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述泄压部为设于壳体的泄压孔或防爆结构，所述防爆结构包括防爆片。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述泄压孔包括设于壳体并与所述容置腔连通的显示板灯孔和/或按键孔。
  11. 一种电动车辆，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电池组。
PCT/CN2020/096840 2020-06-18 2020-06-18 电池组与电动车辆 WO2021253330A1 (zh)

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