WO2021251041A1 - 固体撮像素子 - Google Patents
固体撮像素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021251041A1 WO2021251041A1 PCT/JP2021/017808 JP2021017808W WO2021251041A1 WO 2021251041 A1 WO2021251041 A1 WO 2021251041A1 JP 2021017808 W JP2021017808 W JP 2021017808W WO 2021251041 A1 WO2021251041 A1 WO 2021251041A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/78—Readout circuits for addressed sensors, e.g. output amplifiers or A/D converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/18—Automatic control for modifying the range of signals the converter can handle, e.g. gain ranging
- H03M1/188—Multi-path, i.e. having a separate analogue/digital converter for each possible range
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
- H04N25/51—Control of the gain
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
- H04N25/53—Control of the integration time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
- H04N25/57—Control of the dynamic range
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
- H04N25/772—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components comprising A/D, V/T, V/F, I/T or I/F converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/1205—Multiplexed conversion systems
- H03M1/123—Simultaneous, i.e. using one converter per channel but with common control or reference circuits for multiple converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/50—Analogue/digital converters with intermediate conversion to time interval
- H03M1/56—Input signal compared with linear ramp
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/79—Arrangements of circuitry being divided between different or multiple substrates, chips or circuit boards, e.g. stacked image sensors
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a solid-state image sensor.
- CMOS Complementary Metal
- AD Analogue-to-Digital
- Oxide Semiconductor There is an image sensor.
- the dynamic range of the comparator is relatively narrow, and it is difficult to perform AD conversion of irradiation light with a wide illuminance.
- the solid-state imaging device on one aspect of the present disclosure includes a pixel portion including a plurality of pixels, a pixel signal line for transmitting the pixel signal of the pixel, a reference signal line for transmitting a reference signal to be compared with the pixel signal, and a pixel signal.
- a first comparator that outputs a first output signal corresponding to the pixel signal based on the voltage difference between the pixel signal and the reference signal, and a second output signal corresponding to the pixel signal based on the voltage difference between the pixel signal and the reference signal.
- a first capacitive section provided between the pixel signal line or reference signal line and the first comparator and set to the first gain, a pixel signal line or reference signal line, and a second comparator.
- a second capacitance section provided between the above and set to the second gain is provided.
- the first capacitance unit includes a first input capacitance element provided between the reference signal line and the first comparator, and a second input capacitance element provided between the pixel signal line and the first comparator.
- the second capacitance unit includes a third input capacitance element provided between the reference signal line and the second comparator, and a fourth input capacitance element provided between the pixel signal line and the second comparator. It may be included.
- the capacitance ratio between the first input capacitance element and the second input capacitance element may be different from the capacitance ratio between the third input capacitance element and the fourth input capacitance element.
- the capacities of the first and third input capacitance elements are substantially the same, and the capacities of the second and fourth input capacitance elements may be different from each other.
- the gain of the first capacitance section is determined by the capacitance ratio of the first input capacitance element and the second input capacitance element, and the gain of the second capacitance section is the capacitance ratio of the third input capacitance element and the fourth input capacitance element. May be determined by.
- the first comparator includes a first transistor in which the gate is commonly connected to the other ends of the first and second input capacitive elements, and the second comparator has a gate common to the other ends of the third and fourth input capacitance elements. It may include a second transistor connected to.
- the first comparator further includes a first constant current source connected to one end of the first transistor, outputs a first output signal from between the first transistor and the first constant current source, and the second comparator is a second comparator.
- a second constant current source connected to one end of the two transistors may be further included, and a second output signal may be output from between the second transistor and the second constant current source.
- the first comparator is connected to a first constant current source connected to one end of the first transistor, a third transistor having one end connected to the first constant current source, and the other ends of the first and third transistors.
- the first output signal is output from between the third transistor and the first mirror circuit
- the second comparator is a second constant current source connected to one end of the second transistor.
- the second output signal may be output from between.
- the first comparator includes a first transistor having a gate connected to a first input capacitive element and one end connected to a second input capacitive element, and a second comparator has a gate connected to a third input capacitive element and one end. May include a second transistor connected to the fourth input capacitive element.
- the first and third input capacitance elements are commonly connected to the reference signal line, and even if one end of each of the first and second transistors receives a pixel signal via the second and fourth input capacitance elements, respectively. good.
- a reference signal generation unit that supplies the same reference signal to the first and third input capacitance elements may be further provided.
- a signal processing circuit that selects either the first or second output signal according to the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel portion and outputs it as image data may be further provided.
- a control unit that changes the exposure time of the pixel unit according to the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel unit may be further provided.
- a control unit that controls the inclination of the reference signal according to the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel unit may be further provided.
- a control unit that controls the first or second gain according to the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel unit may be further provided.
- a signal processing circuit for acquiring the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel unit and a control unit for setting the first or second gain according to the illuminance are further provided, and the pixel unit has the set first or second gain.
- the image may be executed to generate a pixel signal, and the signal processing circuit may convert the pixel signal to generate image data.
- the first comparator includes a first transistor having a gate connected to the other end of the first input capacitive element and a third transistor having a gate connected to the other end of the second input capacitive element, and the second comparator is a gate. May include a second transistor connected to the other end of the third input capacitive element and a fourth transistor whose gate is connected to the other end of the fourth input capacitive element.
- the block diagram which shows the structural example of the solid-state image sensor according to 1st Embodiment The conceptual diagram which shows the example of the solid-state image sensor which laminated the semiconductor chip of a pixel part and the semiconductor chip of a processing circuit.
- the circuit diagram which shows the structural example of the pixel provided in the pixel part.
- the block diagram which shows an example of the structure of a pixel part and an ADC group.
- the figure which shows an example of the internal structure of a capacitance part and a comparator.
- the timing diagram which shows an example of the operation of the solid-state image pickup device by 1st Embodiment.
- the figure which shows the structural example of the solid-state image sensor according to 2nd Embodiment The figure which shows the structural example of the solid-state image sensor by the modification of 2nd Embodiment.
- the figure which shows the structural example of the solid-state image sensor according to 3rd Embodiment The timing diagram which shows an example of the operation of the solid-state image sensor according to 3rd Embodiment.
- the figure which shows the structural example of the solid-state image sensor according to 4th Embodiment The figure which shows the structural example of the solid-state image sensor according to the modification 1 of 1st Embodiment.
- the timing diagram which shows the operation example of the solid-state image sensor according to the modification 3. A table showing the combination of the reference signal and the input capacitance gain according to the modification 3.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 includes a pixel unit 101, a timing control circuit 102, a vertical scanning circuit 103, a DAC (digital-to-analog conversion device) 104, an ADC (analog-digital conversion device) group 105, and a horizontal transfer scanning circuit. It includes 106, an amplifier circuit 107, and a signal processing circuit 108.
- unit pixels (hereinafter, also simply referred to as pixels) including a photoelectric conversion element that photoelectrically converts incident light into a charge amount corresponding to the light amount are arranged in a matrix.
- a pixel drive line 109 is wired for each row along the left-right direction (pixel array direction / horizontal direction of the pixel row) with respect to the matrix-shaped pixel array, and is vertical for each column.
- the signal line 110 is wired along the vertical direction (pixel arrangement direction / vertical direction of the pixel array) in the figure.
- One end of the pixel drive line 109 is connected to the output end corresponding to each line of the vertical scanning circuit 103. Although one pixel drive line 109 is shown for each pixel row in FIG. 1, two or more pixel drive lines 109 may be provided for each pixel row.
- the timing control circuit 102 includes a timing generator (not shown) that generates various timing signals.
- the timing control circuit 102 includes a vertical scanning circuit 103, a DAC 104, an ADC group 105, a horizontal transfer scanning circuit 106, etc. based on various timing signals generated by a timing generator based on a control signal or the like given from the outside. Drive control is performed.
- the vertical scanning circuit 103 is composed of a shift register, an address decoder, and the like. Although the specific configuration is not shown here, the vertical scanning circuit 103 includes a read scanning system and a sweep scanning system.
- the read scanning system performs selective scanning in order for each line for each unit pixel that reads a signal.
- the sweep scanning system charges unnecessary charges from the photoelectric conversion element of the unit pixel of the reading row, which precedes the reading scanning by the time of the shutter speed with respect to the reading row in which the reading scanning is performed by the reading scanning system.
- Sweep (reset) Sweep scan is performed.
- the so-called electronic shutter operation is performed by sweeping out (resetting) unnecessary charges by this sweeping scanning system.
- the electronic shutter operation refers to an operation of discarding the optical charge of the photoelectric conversion element and starting a new exposure (starting the accumulation of the optical charge).
- the signal read by the read operation by the read scanning system corresponds to the amount of light incidented after the read operation or the electronic shutter operation immediately before the read operation.
- the period from the read timing by the immediately preceding read operation or the sweep timing by the electronic shutter operation to the read timing by the current read operation is the light charge accumulation time (exposure time) in the unit pixel.
- the pixel signal VSL output from each unit pixel of the pixel row selected and scanned by the vertical scanning circuit 103 is supplied to the ADC group 105 via a plurality of vertical signal lines 110 corresponding to each column.
- the DAC 104 as a reference signal generation unit generates a reference signal RAMP which is a signal of a lamp waveform that changes linearly, and supplies the reference signal RAMP to the ADC group 105.
- the DAC 104 is commonly connected to the plurality of comparators 121 via the reference signal line 114, and supplies the same reference signal RAMP to the plurality of comparators 121.
- the reference signal line 114 transmits the reference signal RAMP to the plurality of comparators 121.
- the ADC group 105 includes a plurality of comparators 121, a plurality of counters 122, and a plurality of latch circuits 123. Although only one ADC group 105 is shown in FIG. 1, the ADC group 105 is divided into a plurality of ADC groups 105a and 105b as shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. The configurations of the ADC groups 105a and 105b will be described later.
- the comparator 121, the counter 122, and the latch circuit 123 are provided corresponding to the pixel trains of the pixel unit 101, respectively, and form an ADC.
- the comparator 121 compares the voltage of the signal obtained by adding the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP output from each pixel via the capacitance with a predetermined reference voltage, and supplies an output signal indicating the comparison result to the counter 122. do.
- the counter 122 generates an analog pixel signal by counting the time until the signal obtained by adding the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP via the capacitance exceeds a predetermined reference voltage based on the output signal of the comparator 121. It is converted into a digital pixel signal represented by a count value. The counter 122 supplies the count value to the latch circuit 123.
- the latch circuit 123 holds the count value supplied from the counter 122. Further, the latch circuit 123 takes a difference between the count value of the D phase corresponding to the pixel signal of the signal level and the count value of the P phase corresponding to the pixel signal of the reset level, thereby performing CDS (Correlated Double Sampling: correlation). Double sampling).
- the horizontal transfer scanning circuit 106 is composed of a shift register, an address decoder, and the like, and sequentially selects and scans circuit portions corresponding to the pixel strings of the ADC group 105. By the selective scanning by the horizontal transfer scanning circuit 106, the digital pixel signals held in the latch circuit 123 are sequentially transferred to the amplifier circuit 107 via the horizontal transfer line 111.
- the amplifier circuit 107 amplifies the digital pixel signal supplied from the latch circuit 123 and supplies it to the signal processing circuit 108.
- the signal processing circuit 108 performs predetermined signal processing on the digital pixel signal supplied from the amplifier circuit 107 to generate two-dimensional image data. For example, the signal processing circuit 108 corrects vertical line defects and point defects, or clamps signals, and performs digital signal processing such as parallel-serial conversion, compression, coding, addition, averaging, and intermittent operation. Or something. The signal processing circuit 108 outputs the generated image data to a subsequent device.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 shown in FIG. 1 may be configured as one semiconductor chip as a whole, or may be configured as a plurality of semiconductor chips.
- the pixel unit 101 and other processing circuits may be formed as separate semiconductor chips 511 and 512, and the semiconductor chips 511 and the semiconductor chips 512 may be laminated. ..
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a solid-state image sensor 100 in which a semiconductor chip 511 of a pixel portion 101 and a semiconductor chip 512 of a processing circuit are laminated.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 is composed of two semiconductor chips 511 and 512 that are laminated.
- the number of stacked semiconductor chips may be three or more.
- the semiconductor chip 511 includes a pixel portion 101 formed on a semiconductor substrate.
- the semiconductor chip 512 includes ADC groups 105a and 105b formed on another semiconductor substrate, a logic circuit 516, and a peripheral circuit 517.
- the ADC group 105 is divided into a plurality of portions (105a, 105b), and is set to have different gains, for example.
- the logic circuit 516 includes a timing control circuit 102, a vertical scanning circuit 103, a DAC 104, a horizontal transfer scanning circuit 106, and the like.
- the peripheral circuit 517 includes a processing circuit 108 and the like.
- Each pixel of the pixel portion 101 of the semiconductor chip 511 and the element of the processing circuit (105a, 105b, 516, 517) of the semiconductor chip 512 are, for example, a TSV (Through Silicon Via) provided in the via regions 513 and 514. It may be electrically connected using a through electrode or the like.
- the ADC groups 105a and 105b can transmit and receive signals to and from the pixel unit 101 via the TSV.
- both semiconductor chips may be bonded together so that the wiring of the semiconductor chip 511 and the wiring of the semiconductor chip 512 are in contact with each other (Cu-Cu bonding).
- the pixel unit 101 and a part of the processing circuit (105a, 105b, 516, 517) may be configured as one semiconductor chip 511, and the other configurations may be configured as another semiconductor chip 512. ..
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel 150 provided in the pixel unit 101.
- the pixel 150 includes, for example, a photodiode 151 as a photoelectric conversion element, and has four transistors, a transfer transistor 152, an amplification transistor 154, a selection transistor 155, and a reset transistor 156, as active elements for the photodiode 151.
- the photodiode 151 photoelectrically converts the incident light into an electric charge (here, an electron) in an amount corresponding to the amount of the light.
- the transfer transistor 152 is connected between the photodiode 151 and the FD (floating diffusion) 153.
- the transfer transistor 152 transfers the electric charge stored in the photodiode 151 to the FD 153 when it is turned on by the drive signal TX supplied from the vertical scanning circuit 103.
- the gate of the amplification transistor 154 is connected to the FD 153.
- the amplification transistor 154 is connected to the vertical signal line 110 via the selection transistor 155, and constitutes a constant current source 157 outside the pixel unit 101 and a source follower.
- the selection transistor 155 is turned on by the drive signal SEL supplied from the vertical scanning circuit 103, the amplification transistor 154 amplifies the potential of the FD 153 and outputs a pixel signal indicating a voltage corresponding to the potential to the vertical signal line 110. Then, the pixel signal output from each pixel 150 is supplied to each comparator 121 of the ADC group 105 via the vertical signal line 110.
- the reset transistor 156 is connected between the power supply VDD and the FD153.
- the reset transistor 156 is turned on by the drive signal RST supplied from the vertical scanning circuit 103, the potential of the FD 153 is reset to the potential of the power supply VDD.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the pixel unit 101 and the ADC groups 105a and 105b.
- Each pixel row of the plurality of pixels 150 included in the pixel unit 101 is connected to both the ADC groups 105a and 105b via the vertical signal line 110, respectively.
- the vertical signal line 110 is provided for each pixel row composed of a plurality of pixels 150, and the same pixel signal VSL is transmitted from the selected pixel 150 in the pixel row.
- FIG. 4 displays only one pixel 150 with respect to the vertical signal line 110, but the vertical signal line 110 is shared by a plurality of pixels 150 in the pixel array as shown in FIG. There is.
- the ADC group 105a includes a plurality of capacitance units 120a and a plurality of comparators 121a provided corresponding to each of the pixel rows.
- the capacitance unit 120a is connected to the vertical signal line 110, and transmits the pixel signal VSL from the pixel 150 to the comparator 121a. At this time, the capacitance of the capacitance unit 120a can be changed in order to set the input capacitance gain of the pixel signal VSL.
- the comparator 121a receives the pixel signal VSL via the capacitance unit 120a, and outputs the result of comparing the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP to the counter 122 in FIG.
- the ADC group 105b includes a plurality of capacitance units 120b and a plurality of comparators 121b provided corresponding to each of the pixel rows.
- the capacitance unit 120b is connected to the vertical signal line 110, and transmits the pixel signal VSL from the pixel 150 to the comparator 121b. At this time, the capacitance of the capacitance unit 120b can be changed in order to set the input capacitance gain of the pixel signal VSL.
- the comparator 121b receives the pixel signal VSL via the capacitance unit 120b, and outputs the result of comparing the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP to the counter 122 in FIG.
- the capacitance units 120a and 120b have different input capacitance gains from each other.
- the capacitance section 120a has a relatively low input capacitance gain
- the capacitance section 120b has a relatively high input capacitance gain.
- the input capacitance gain is the transmission rate of the pixel signal VSL with respect to the reference signal RAMP.
- the input capacitance gain is high, the transmissibility of the pixel signal VSL becomes large, and the solid-state image sensor 100 can accurately detect even low-illuminance irradiation light.
- the input capacitance gain is low, the transmission rate of the pixel signal VSL becomes small, and the solid-state image sensor 100 can detect high-illuminance irradiation light in a short time.
- the input capacitance gain can be controlled by changing the capacitance ratio between the capacitive element transmitting the pixel signal VSL and the capacitive element transmitting the reference signal RAMP.
- the capacitance unit 120a is used to detect high-illuminance irradiation light by having a relatively low input capacitance gain.
- the capacitance unit 120b is used to detect low illuminance irradiation light by having a relatively high input capacitance gain.
- each pixel 150 is connected to a plurality of ADC groups 105a and 105b having different input capacitance gains, respectively, via the corresponding vertical signal lines 110.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of the capacitance units 120a and 120b and the comparators 121a and 121b.
- the capacitance unit 120a as the first capacitance unit is provided between the vertical signal line 110 or the reference signal line 114 and the comparator 121a, and is set to a low gain as the first gain.
- the capacitance unit 120a includes an input capacitance element Crmpa and an input capacitance element Cvsla.
- the input capacitance element Crmpa as the first input capacitance element is provided between the reference signal line 114 and the gate of the transistor Tp1a of the comparator 121a.
- the input capacitance element Cvsla as the second input capacitance element is provided between the vertical signal line 110 and the comparator 121a.
- one ends of the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Cvsla are connected to the vertical signal line 110 and the reference signal line 114, respectively.
- the other ends of the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Cvsla are commonly connected to the gate of the transistor Tp1a.
- the capacitance unit 120b as the second capacitance unit is provided between the vertical signal line 110 or the reference signal line 114 and the comparator 121b, and is set to a high gain as the second gain. The second gain is higher than the first gain.
- the capacitance unit 120b includes an input capacitance element Crmpb and an input capacitance element Cvslb.
- the input capacitance element Crmpb as the third input capacitance element is provided between the reference signal line 114 and the gate of the transistor Tp1b of the comparator 121b.
- the input capacitance element Cvslb as the fourth input capacitance element is provided between the vertical signal line 110 and the comparator 121b.
- one ends of the input capacitance elements Crmpb and Cvslb are connected to the vertical signal line 110 and the reference signal line 114, respectively.
- the other ends of the input capacitance elements Crmpb and Cvslb are commonly connected to the gate of the transistor Tp1b.
- the capacitance units 120a and 120b share the corresponding reference signal line 114 and also share the corresponding vertical signal line 110. Therefore, one end of the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Crmpb is commonly connected to the reference signal line 114. Both ends of the input capacitance elements Cvsla and Cvslb are commonly connected to the vertical signal line 110 via the vertical signal line 110.
- the capacities of the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Crmpb are substantially equal to each other, but the capacities of the input capacitance elements Cvsla and Cvslb are different from each other. Therefore, the capacitance ratio between the input capacitance element Crmpa and the input capacitance element Cvsla (input capacitance gain Ga of the capacitance unit 120a) is the capacitance ratio between the input capacitance element Crmpb and the input capacitance element Cvslb (input capacitance gain Gb of the capacitance unit 120b). Is different.
- the input capacitance gain Ga of the capacitance unit 120a is determined by the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance element Cvsla to the input capacitance element Crmpa (for example, Cvsla / Cvsla + Crmpa).
- the input capacitance gain Gb of the capacitance unit 120b is determined by the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance element Crmpb to the input capacitance element Cvslb (for example, Cvslb / Cvslb + Crmpb).
- the input capacitance gain Gb of the capacitance unit 120b is set to be larger than the input capacitance gain Ga of the capacitance unit 120a.
- the input capacitance elements Crmpa, Crmpb, Cvsla, and Cvslb are variable capacitance elements.
- the input capacitance elements Crmpa, Crmpb, Cvsla, and Cvslb are adjusted by changing the number of elements of the same capacitance connected in parallel or in series by trimming, a switch (not shown), or the like.
- the trimming or switching of the input capacitance elements Crmpa, Crmpb, Cvsla, and Cvslb may be performed at the time of manufacture or shipment of the solid-state image sensor 100.
- switching of the input capacitance elements Crmpa, Crmpb, Cvsla, and Cvslb may be executed by switching the switches SWc1 and SWc2 based on the illuminance of the irradiation light.
- the comparator 121a as the first comparator is connected to the capacitance unit 120a, and is a single that outputs (amplifies) the output signal OUTa corresponding to the pixel signal VSL based on the voltage difference between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP. It is a type amplifier.
- the comparator 121a includes an n-type transistor Tn1a, a p-type transistor Tp1a, and an n-type transistor Tn2a.
- the transistors Tn1a, Tp1a, and Tn2a are connected in series between the power supply Vdd and the ground GND in this order.
- the drain of the transistor Tn1a is connected to the power supply Vdd, and its source is connected to the source of the transistor Tp1a.
- the transistor Tn1a functions as an LDO (Low Dropout) linear regulator.
- the gate of the transistor Tp1a as the first transistor is commonly connected to the other ends of the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Cvsla.
- the source of the transistor Tp1a is connected to the source of the transistor Tn1a, and the drain of the transistor Tp1a is connected to the output terminal and the drain of the transistor Tn2a.
- the transistor Tp1a changes from the conduction state to the non-conduction state and inverts the level of the output signal OUTa. That is, the transistor Tp1a functions as an amplifier that amplifies and detects the level of the pixel signal VSL.
- the transistor Tn2a functions as a constant current source for passing a constant current through the transistor Tp1a.
- the AZ switch SW1a is connected between the gate of the transistor Tp1a and the output terminal Touta, and performs auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate of the transistor Tp1a and the output terminal Touta before detecting the pixel signal VSL. ..
- the comparator 121a outputs an output signal OUTa as a first output signal from the output unit between the transistor Tp1a and the transistor Tn2a.
- the comparator 121b as the second comparator is connected to the capacitance unit 120b, and outputs an output signal OUT2 corresponding to the pixel signal VSL based on the voltage difference between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP.
- the comparator 121b includes an n-type transistor Tn1b, a p-type transistor Tp1b, and an n-type transistor Tn2b.
- the transistors Tn1b, Tp1b, and Tn2b are connected in series between the power supply Vdd and the ground voltage GND in this order.
- the drain of the transistor Tn1b is connected to the power supply Vdd, and its source is connected to the source of the transistor Tp1b.
- the transistor Tn1b functions as an LDO linear regulator in the same manner as the transistor Tn1a.
- the gate of the transistor Tp1b as the second transistor is commonly connected to the other ends of the input capacitance elements Crmpb and Cvslb.
- the source of the transistor Tp1b is connected to the source of the transistor Tn1b, and the drain of the transistor Tp1b is connected to the output terminal and the drain of the transistor Tn2b.
- the transistor Tp1b changes from the conduction state to the non-conduction state and inverts the level of the output signal OUTb. That is, the transistor Tp1b functions as an amplifier that amplifies and detects the level of the pixel signal VSL.
- the transistor Tn2b functions as a constant current source for passing a constant current through the transistor Tp1b.
- the AZ switch SW1b is connected between the gate of the transistor Tp1b and the output terminal Toutb, and performs auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate of the transistor Tp1a and the output terminal Toutb before detecting the pixel signal VSL. ..
- the comparator 121b outputs an output signal OUTb as a second output signal from the output unit between the transistor Tp1b and the transistor Tn2b.
- the current sources CS1a and CS1b are connected to the vertical signal line 110, and are configured to pass a constant current through the vertical signal line 110.
- the configuration of the comparator 121b is the same as the configuration of the comparator 121a. That is, the transistors Tn1a and Tn1b have the same configuration as each other, the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b have the same configuration as each other, and the transistors Tn2a and Tn2b also have the same configuration as each other.
- the gains Ga and Gb of the ADC groups 105a and 105b are almost determined by the difference between the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance element Cvsla to the input capacitance element Crmpa and the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance element Cvslb to the input capacitance element Crmpb.
- the ADC group 105a outputs the comparison result between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP as an output signal OUTa with a low gain.
- the ADC group 105b outputs the comparison result between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP as an output signal OUTb with a high gain.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 can detect irradiation light having a wide dynamic range (HDR (High Dynamic Range)) from low illuminance to high illuminance.
- HDR High Dynamic Range
- FIG. 6 is a timing diagram showing an example of the operation of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis shows time.
- the vertical axis shows the drive signal of the AZ switches SW1a and SW1b, the pixel signal VSL, the reference signal RAMP, the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b, and the voltage levels (signal levels) of the output signals OUTa and OUTb. It is assumed that the transistors Tn1a and Tn1b are always on during signal detection. Further, it is assumed that the transistors Tn2a and Tn2b have a constant current flowing through the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b.
- the FD153 of the pixel 150 to be read is reset, and the pixel signal VSL is set to the reset level.
- the reference signal RAMP is set to a predetermined reset level.
- the drive signals of the AZ switches SW1a and SW1b are set to a high level, and the auto-zero operation of the comparators 121a and 121b is performed.
- the AZ switch SW1a is turned on, the gate of the transistor Tp1a and the output unit Touta are connected, and the input / output of the comparator 121a is short-circuited.
- the gate voltage of the transistor Tp1a and the voltage of the output signal OUTa converge to a voltage close to the middle between the high level and the low level of the output signal OUTa. This converged voltage becomes the reference voltage of the comparator 121a.
- the AZ switch SW1b also performs an auto-zero operation with respect to the comparator 121b in the same manner as the AZ switch SW1a. That is, the AZ switch SW1b is turned on, the gate of the transistor Tp1b and the output unit Toub are connected, and the input / output of the comparator 121b is short-circuited. As a result, the gate voltage of the transistor Tp1b and the voltage of the output signal OUTb converge to a voltage close to the middle between the high level and the low level of the output signal OUTb. This converged voltage becomes the reference voltage of the comparator 121b.
- the drive signals of the AZ switches SW1a and SW1b are set to the low level, the AZ switches SW1a and SW1b are turned off, and the auto-zero operation of the comparators 121a and 121b ends.
- the voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b and the voltage of the output signals OUTa and OUTb are maintained as the reference voltage. Since the configurations of the comparators 121a and 121b are the same, the reference voltages of the comparators 121a and 121b are almost the same.
- the voltage of the reference signal RAMP drops by a predetermined value from the reset level.
- the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b becomes lower than the reference voltage, and the output signals OUTa and OUTb become high levels.
- the voltage level of the reference signal RAMP increases linearly. Along with this, the gate voltages of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b also increase linearly. Further, the counter 122 in FIG. 1 starts counting.
- the voltage of the reference signal RAMP is reset to the reset voltage.
- the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b returns to the reference voltage, and the output signals OUTa and OUTb become substantially equal to the reference voltage.
- the transfer transistor 152 of the pixel 150 is turned on, and the charge accumulated in the photodiode 151 during the exposure period is transferred to the FD 153.
- the pixel signal VSL becomes the signal level, and the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b is lowered from the reference voltage by a value corresponding to the signal level.
- the output signals OUTa and OUTb become high level.
- the output signals OUTa and OUTb are held at values close to the reference voltage.
- the voltage of the reference signal RAMP is lowered by a predetermined value from the reset level, as at time t4.
- the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b is further lowered from the signal level.
- the voltage level of the reference signal RAMP increases linearly as at time t5. Along with this, the gate voltages of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b also increase linearly. Further, the counter 122 starts counting.
- the output signals OUTa and OUTb are inverted to the low level.
- the level of the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b does not decrease so much in the pixel signal VSL as shown in line L1.
- the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b exceeds the reference voltage, and the output signals OUTa and OUTb are inverted to the low level.
- the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b exceeds the reference voltage at t9-2, and the output signals OUTa and OUTb Flip to low level.
- the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b exceeds the reference voltage and the output signals OUTa and OUTb are low at a relatively late time t9-3. Invert to level.
- the period from the start of the increase of the reference signal RAMP to the inversion of the output signals OUTa and OUTb differs depending on the illuminance of the irradiation light.
- the count value of the counter 122 when the output signals OUTa and OUTb are inverted to the low level is held in the latch circuit 123 of FIG. 1 as the value of the pixel signal VSL of the D phase (signal level).
- the latch circuit 123 latches both the output signals OUTa and OUTb.
- the latch circuit 123 performs CDS by taking the difference between the D-phase pixel signal VSL and the P-phase pixel signal VSL read between time t5 and time t6. In this way, AD conversion of the pixel signal VSL is performed.
- the AD conversion is performed in each of the ADC groups 105a and 105b, and is performed for the pixel signal VSL detected at different input capacitance gains.
- the digital image data from the ADC group 105a and the digital image data from the ADC group 105b are transmitted to the signal processing circuit 108, respectively.
- the digital image data from the ADC groups 105a and 105b also have values based on the illuminance of the irradiation light.
- the signal processing circuit 108 selects or generates a pixel signal using either or both of the output signals OUTa and OUTb, and generates image data. At this time, the signal processing circuit 108 may select the output signals OUTa and OUTb according to the illuminance of the irradiation light.
- the voltage of the reference signal RAMP is set to the reset voltage as in time t6.
- the gate voltage of the transistors Tp1a and Tp1b returns to the reference voltage, and the output signal OUT1 becomes substantially equal to the reference voltage.
- the same operation as the times t1 to t10 is repeated.
- the ADC groups corresponding to each pixel row are divided into a plurality of ADC groups 105a and 105b having different gains from each other.
- the gains of the ADC groups 105a and 105b are set by the input capacitance gains Ga and Gb of the capacitance units 120a and 120b, respectively.
- the signal processing circuit 108 selects or generates a pixel signal using either or both of the output signals OUTa and OUTb generated by detecting the pixel signal with a plurality of gains, and generates image data. Can be done.
- the signal processing circuit 108 may select the output signals OUTa and OUTb according to the illuminance (light intensity) of the irradiation light. For example, when the illuminance of the irradiation light is relatively strong, the signal processing circuit 108 selects the output signal OUTa detected by the ADC group 105a with a low gain and generates image data. When the illuminance of the irradiation light is relatively weak, the signal processing circuit 108 selects the output signal OUTb detected by the ADC group 105b with a high gain and generates image data.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 can image with high sensitivity (fine gradation) even with low-illuminance irradiation light, and also with high-illuminance irradiation light without saturation in a short time (low power consumption). can do. That is, the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the present embodiment can take an image in a wide dynamic range (HDR) according to the illuminance of the irradiation light.
- HDR wide dynamic range
- the ADC group corresponding to each pixel row is divided into a plurality of ADC groups 105a and 105b and connected in parallel.
- the ADC groups 105a and 105b are provided on both sides of the logic circuit 516 and the peripheral circuit 517, and are separated from each other. If a plurality of ADCs having different gains are adjacent to each other, the output signals from the plurality of ADCs may affect each other due to the proximity effect.
- the ADC groups 105a and 105b according to the present embodiment are separated from each other, it is possible to suppress mutual influence even if they have different gains. This allows the solid-state image sensor 100 to generate accurate image data.
- the gains of the ADC groups 105a and 105b are set by the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Cvsla of the capacitance unit 120a and the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance elements Crmpb and Cvslb of the capacitance unit 120b, respectively.
- the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP may be the same and common to the ADC groups 105a and 105b.
- the DAC 104 is commonly provided for the ADC groups 105a and 105b, and the same reference signal RAMP may be supplied to the ADC groups 105a and 105b via the reference signal line 114. ..
- the DAC 104 can be shared, so that the overall size of the solid-state image pickup device 100 can be kept small.
- the DAC 104 may be provided corresponding to each of the plurality of ADC groups 105a and 105b.
- the comparators 121a and 121b are composed of a single type amplifier. Therefore, as compared with the case of using a differential amplifier as in the second embodiment, the solid-state image pickup device 100 according to the first embodiment can reduce the current consumption by almost half and reduce the power consumption.
- the input voltage of the comparators 121a and 121b is an addition signal of the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP.
- the input voltage of the comparators 121a and 121b becomes the difference voltage between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP, and the amplitude becomes small.
- the voltage fluctuations of the comparators 121a and 121b can be reduced, and the voltage of the power supply Vdd can be lowered.
- the power consumption of the solid-state image sensor 100 can be reduced.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the second embodiment.
- the configurations of the comparators 121a and 121b are different from those in the first embodiment.
- Other configurations including the capacitance units 120a and 120b may be the same as the corresponding configurations of the first embodiment.
- the comparator 121a is a differential circuit connected to the capacitance unit 120a and outputs an output signal OUTa according to the pixel signal VSL based on the voltage difference between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP.
- the comparator 121a includes p-type transistors Tp2a to Tp4a, a current mirror circuit CMa, AZ switches SW2a and SW3a, and a capacitive element C1a.
- the source of the transistor Tp2a is connected to the power supply Vdd, and its drain is commonly connected to the source of the transistors Tp3a and Tp4a.
- the gate of the transistor Tp3a as the first transistor is commonly connected to the other ends of the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Cvsla.
- the source of the transistor Tp3a is connected to the drain of the transistor Tp2a, and the drain of the transistor Tp3a is connected to the current mirror circuit CMa.
- the gate of the transistor Tp4a as the third transistor is connected to the ground GND via the capacitive element C1a.
- the source of the transistor Tp4a is connected to the drain of the transistor Tp2a in common with the source of the transistor Tp3a.
- the drain of the transistor Tp4a is connected to the current mirror circuit CMa and the output unit Touta.
- the current mirror circuit CMa as the first mirror circuit is connected between the drain of the transistors Tp3a and Tp4a and the ground GND, and is configured to pass a current substantially equal to the transistors Tp3a and Tp4a. More specifically, the current mirror circuit CMa includes an n-type transistor Tn3a connected between the transistor Tp3a and the ground GND, and an n-type transistor Tn4a connected between the transistor Tp4a and the ground GND. The gates of the transistors Tn3a and Tn4a are commonly connected to the drain of the transistor Tn3a.
- the AZ switch SW2a is connected between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp3a, and performs auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp3a before detecting the pixel signal VSL.
- the AZ switch SW3a is connected between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp4a, and performs auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp4a before detecting the pixel signal VSL.
- the transistor Tp3a changes from a conductive state to a non-conducting state when the voltage level of the added signal of the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP exceeds the reference voltage.
- the current mirror circuit CMa causes a current that is obtained by multiplying the current flowing through the transistor Tp3a by a predetermined mirror ratio to flow through the transistor Tp4a.
- the transistor Tp4a generates a voltage level of the output signal OUTa according to the current flowing through the transistor Tp3a.
- the transistor Tp4a flows a predetermined current in the same manner as the transistor Tn3a, so that the output signal OUTa is inverted from the low level to the high level. That is, the comparator 121a inverts the level of the output signal OUTa when the voltage level of the addition signal of the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP exceeds the reference voltage, as in the case of the first embodiment.
- the comparator 121b is a differential circuit connected to the capacitance unit 120b and outputs an output signal OUTb according to the pixel signal VSL based on the voltage difference between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP.
- the comparator 121b includes p-type transistors Tp2b to Tp4b, a current mirror circuit CMb, AZ switches SW1b and SW2b, and a capacitive element C1b.
- the source of the transistor Tp2b is connected to the power supply Vdd, and its drain is commonly connected to the source of the transistors Tp3b and Tp4b.
- the gate of the transistor Tp3b as the second transistor is commonly connected to the other ends of the input capacitance elements Crmpb and Cvslb.
- the source of the transistor Tp3b is connected to the drain of the transistor Tp2b, and the drain of the transistor Tp3b is connected to the current mirror circuit CMb.
- the gate of the transistor Tp4b as the fourth transistor is connected to the ground GND via the capacitive element C1b.
- the source of the transistor Tp4b is connected to the drain of the transistor Tp2b in common with the source of the transistor Tp3b.
- the drain of the transistor Tp4b is connected to the current mirror circuit CMb and the output unit Toub.
- the current mirror circuit CMb as the second mirror circuit is connected between the drain of the transistors Tp3b and Tp4b and the ground GND, and is configured to pass a current substantially equal to the transistors Tp3b and Tp4b. More specifically, the current mirror circuit CMb includes an n-type transistor Tn3b connected between the transistor Tp3b and the ground GND, and an n-type transistor Tn4b connected between the transistor Tp4b and the ground GND. The gates of the transistors Tn3b and Tn4b are commonly connected to the drain of the transistors Tn3b.
- the AZ switch SW2b is connected between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp3b, and performs auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp3b before detecting the pixel signal VSL.
- the AZ switch SW3b is connected between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp4b, and performs auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp4b before detecting the pixel signal VSL.
- the transistor Tp3b changes from a conductive state to a non-conducting state when the voltage level of the added signal of the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP exceeds the reference voltage.
- the current mirror circuit CMb causes a current obtained by multiplying the current flowing through the transistor Tp3b by a predetermined mirror ratio to flow through the transistor Tp4b.
- the transistor Tp4b generates a voltage level of the output signal OUTb according to the current flowing through the transistor Tp3b.
- the transistor Tp4b passes a predetermined current in the same manner as the transistor Tn3b, so that the output signal OUTb is inverted from the low level to the high level. That is, the comparator 121b inverts the level of the output signal OUTb when the voltage level of the addition signal of the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP exceeds the reference voltage, as in the case of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the modified example of the second embodiment.
- the comparators 121a and 121b function as a differential circuit between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP.
- the other end of the input capacitance element Cvsla is not connected to the gate of the transistor Tp3a, but is connected to the gate of the transistor Tp4a.
- the other end of the input capacitance element Cvslb is not connected to the gate of the transistor Tp3b, but is connected to the gate of the transistor Tp4b.
- the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb are connected between the gate of the transistors Tp3a and Tp3b and the ground GND, respectively.
- the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb are variable capacitance elements.
- a variable capacitance element similar to the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Crmp may be used.
- the input capacitance element gains Ga and Gb are set by making the capacitances of the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb different from each other.
- the comparator 121a amplifies the difference between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP and outputs the output signal OUTa.
- the comparator 121b amplifies the difference between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP and outputs the output signal OUTb.
- the input capacitance gain Ga of the capacitance unit 120a is determined by the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Cgnda.
- the input capacitance gain Gb of the capacitance unit 120b is determined by the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance elements Crmpb and Cgndb.
- FIG. 8C is a diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to another modification of the second embodiment.
- the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb are connected between the gate of the transistors Tp4a and Tp4b and the ground GND, respectively.
- the input capacitance element gains Ga and Gb are set by making the capacitances of the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb different from each other.
- the input capacitance gain Ga of the capacitance unit 120a is determined by the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance elements Cvsla and Cgnda.
- the input capacitance gain Gb of the capacitance unit 120b is determined by the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance elements Cvslb and Cgndb.
- Other configurations of this modification may be the same as the configuration of the modification of FIG. 8B.
- the operation of this modification may be the same as the operation of the second embodiment. Therefore, this modification can also obtain the same effect as that of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the third embodiment.
- the configurations of the comparators 121a and 121b and the vertical signal line 110 are different from those in the first embodiment.
- Other configurations including the capacitance units 120a and 120b may be the same as the corresponding configurations of the first embodiment.
- the constant current source CS1a is connected to each vertical signal line 110.
- the constant current source CS1a detects a pixel signal
- a predetermined constant current is passed through the vertical signal line 110, and the pixel signal VSL is generated in the vertical signal line 110.
- the comparator 121a includes an n-type transistor Tn5a, a p-type transistor Tp5a, a constant current source CS2a, and AZ switches SW4a and SW5a.
- the gate of the transistor Tn5a is connected to the other end of the input capacitance element Cvsla.
- the drain of the transistor Tn5a is connected to the power supply Vdd, and its source is connected to the source of the transistor Tp5a.
- the transistor Tn5a generates a signal having a voltage level corresponding to the pixel signal VSL and transmits the signal to the source of the transistor Tp5a.
- the gate of the transistor Tp5a as the first transistor is connected to the other end of the input capacitance element Crmpa.
- the source of the transistor Tp5a is connected to the source of the transistor Tn5a, and its drain is connected to the constant current source CS2a and the output unit Touta.
- the transistor Tp5a is in a conduction state based on the voltage difference Vgs between the source voltage and the gate voltage.
- the voltage level of the reference signal RAMP is linearly decreased from a level higher than that of the pixel signal VSL.
- the transistor Tp5a changes from the non-conducting state to the conducting state.
- the constant current source CS2a passes a constant current through the transistors Tn5a and Tp5a. Therefore, when the transistor Tp5a is in the non-conducting state, the output signal OUTa is at the low level, and when the transistor Tp5a is in the conducting state, the output signal OUTa is at the high level.
- the transistor Tp5a can generate an output signal OUTa in which the difference voltage between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP is amplified.
- the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb are connected between the gate of the transistors Tp5a and Tp5b and the ground GND, respectively.
- the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb are variable capacitance elements.
- a variable capacitance element similar to the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Crmp may be used.
- the input capacitance element gains Ga and Gb are set by making the capacitances of the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb different from each other.
- the AZ switch SW4a is connected between the gate and the drain of the transistor Tn5a, and performs an auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate and the drain of the transistor Tn5a before detecting the pixel signal VSL.
- the AZ switch SW5a is connected between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp5a, and performs auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp5a before detecting the pixel signal VSL.
- the comparator 121b includes an n-type transistor Tn5b, a p-type transistor Tp5b, a constant current source CS2b, and AZ switches SW4b and SW5b.
- the gate of the transistor Tn5b is connected to the other end of the input capacitance element Cvslb.
- the drain of the transistor Tn5b is connected to the power supply Vdd, and its source is connected to the source of the transistor Tp5b.
- the transistor Tn5b generates a signal having a voltage level corresponding to the pixel signal VSL and transmits the signal to the source of the transistor Tp5b.
- the gate of the transistor Tp5b as the second transistor is connected to the other end of the input capacitance element Crmpb.
- the source of the transistor Tp5b is connected to the source of the transistor Tn5b, and its drain is connected to the constant current source CS2b and the output unit Toub.
- the transistor Tp5b is in a conduction state based on the voltage difference Vgs between the source voltage and the gate voltage.
- the transistor Tp5b when the reference signal RAMP falls below the pixel signal VSL, the transistor Tp5b changes from the non-conducting state to the conducting state.
- the constant current source CS2b passes a constant current through the transistors Tn5b and Tp5b. Therefore, when the transistor Tp5b is in the non-conducting state, the output signal OUTb is at the low level, and when the transistor Tp5b is in the conducting state, the output signal OUTb is at the high level. That is, when the reference signal RAMP falls below the pixel signal VSL, the output signal OUTb is inverted from the low level to the high level. In this way, the transistor Tp5b can generate an output signal OUTb in which the difference voltage between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal RAMP is amplified.
- the AZ switch SW4b is connected between the gate and drain of the transistor Tn5b, and performs auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate and drain of the transistor Tn5b before detecting the pixel signal VSL.
- the AZ switch SW5b is connected between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp5b, and performs auto-zero operation by equalizing the potential between the gate and drain of the transistor Tp5b before detecting the pixel signal VSL.
- FIG. 10 is a timing diagram showing an example of the operation of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the third embodiment.
- the reference signal RAMP is linearly reduced from a higher level than the pixel signal VSL. That is, the reference signal RAMP may be the one in which the polarity of the reference signal RAMP of the first embodiment is inverted. Therefore, the output signals OUTa and OUTb are inverted when the reference signal RAMP falls below the pixel signal VSL. Since the other operations of the third embodiment may be the same as the corresponding operations of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the operation of the AZ switches SW4a, SW4b, SW5a, and SW5b may be the same as those of the AZ switches SW1a and SW1b of the first embodiment.
- the third embodiment has the capacitance units 120a and 102b like the first embodiment, and can obtain the same effect as the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the input capacitance elements Cvsla, Cvslb, the constant current source CS1a, the transistors Tn5a, Tn5b, the AZ switches SW4a, and SW4b are omitted, and the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb are added.
- the gate of the transistor Tp5a is connected to one end of the input capacitance element Crmpa and receives the reference signal RAMP via the input capacitance element Crmpa.
- the gate of the transistor Tp5a is connected to one end of the input capacitance element Cgnda, and is connected to the ground GND via the input capacitance element Cgnda.
- the source of the transistor Tp5a is connected to the vertical signal line 110 and receives the pixel signal VSL.
- the gate of the transistor Tp5b is connected to one end of the input capacitance element Crmpb and receives the reference signal RAMP via the input capacitance element Crmpb.
- the gate of the transistor Tp5b is connected to one end of the input capacitance element Cgndb, and is connected to the ground GND via the input capacitance element Cgndb.
- the source of the transistor Tp5b is connected to the vertical signal line 110 and receives the pixel signal VSL.
- the transistors Tp5a and Tp5b receive the same reference signal RAMP at the gate via the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Crmpb. Further, the transistors Tp5a and Tp5b receive the same pixel signal VSL from the vertical signal line 110.
- One end of the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Crmpb is commonly connected to the reference signal line 114, and the other end is connected to the gates of the transistors Tp5a and Tp5b, respectively.
- Each source of the transistors Tp5a and Tp5b is commonly connected to the vertical signal line 110.
- One end of the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb is connected to the gate of the transistors Tp5a and Tp5b, and the other end is connected to the ground GND.
- the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb may be variable capacitance elements like the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Crmp.
- the input capacitance element gains Ga and Gb are set by making the capacitances of the input capacitance elements Cgnda and Cgndb different from each other.
- the input capacitance gain Ga is determined by the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance element Cgnda to the input capacitance element Crmpa (for example, Cgnda / Cgnda + Crmpa).
- the input capacitance gain Gb is determined by the capacitance ratio of the input capacitance element Crmpb to the input capacitance element Cgndb (for example, Cgndb / Cgndb + Crmpb).
- the current source through which the current flows through the vertical signal line 110 and the constant current through which the current flows through the comparators Tp5a and Tp5b are common to the constant current sources CS2a and CS2b. Therefore, the constant current sources CS2a and CS2b pass a constant current through the vertical signal line 110 and a constant current through the comparators Tp5a and Tp5b, respectively. As a result, the power consumption of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the fourth embodiment is smaller than that of the third embodiment.
- the pixel signal VSL is directly input to the transistor Tp5a without going through the transistor Tn5a in FIG.
- the pixel signal VSL is directly input to the transistor Tp5b without going through the transistor Tn5b of FIG.
- the layout area of the ADC group 105a and 105b in the fourth embodiment is smaller than that in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the first modification of the first embodiment.
- the two ADC groups 105a and 105b are connected in parallel to each pixel row.
- three or more ADC groups 105a, 105b, 105c ... Are connected in parallel to each pixel row.
- the ADC groups 105a, 105b, 105c ... Have different input capacitance gain capacitance units 120a, 120b, 120c ...
- the solid-state image pickup device 100 may be provided with three or more ADC groups 105a, 105b, 105c, ... Corresponding to each pixel sequence. As a result, the dynamic range of the detectable irradiation light can be further increased.
- FIG. 13 is a table showing the relationship between the exposure time of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the second modification and the input capacitance gain.
- the exposure time of the pixel unit 101 may be the same, but the exposure time may be changed according to the illuminance of the irradiation light.
- the exposure time can be changed by the timing control circuit 102.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 makes it possible to select the exposure time of the pixel unit 101 between a relatively long first exposure time and a relatively short second exposure time.
- the ADC groups 105a and 105b detect the pixel signals VSL of the first and second exposure times at the input capacitance gains Ga and Gb, respectively.
- the first image data is image data obtained by detecting the pixel signal VSL obtained in the relatively long first exposure time with a relatively low input capacitance gain Ga.
- the second image data is image data obtained by detecting the pixel signal VSL obtained in a relatively short second exposure time with a relatively low input capacitance gain Ga.
- the third image data is image data obtained by detecting the pixel signal VSL obtained in the relatively long first exposure time with a relatively high input capacitance gain Gb.
- the fourth image data is image data obtained by detecting the pixel signal VSL obtained in a relatively short second exposure time with a relatively high input capacitance gain Gb.
- the signal processing circuit 108 selects appropriate image data from these four image data, or synthesizes a plurality of image data among these four image data to generate one image data. For example, when the illuminance of the irradiation light is low (dark), the signal processing circuit 108 may select the third image data having a long exposure time and a high gain. For example, when the illuminance of the irradiation light is high (bright), the signal processing circuit 108 may select the second image data having a short exposure time and a low gain.
- the dynamic range of the pixel signal that can be detected by the solid-state image sensor 100 is widened by the combination of the exposure time and the input capacitance gain.
- FIG. 14 is a timing diagram showing an operation example of the solid-state image pickup device 100 according to the modification 3.
- FIG. 15 is a table showing the combination of the reference signal and the input capacitance gain according to the modification 3.
- the voltage level of the reference signal RAMP increases or decreases linearly with substantially the same slope, but the slope of the reference signal RAMP may be switched.
- FIG. 14 shows the reference signal RAMP of t9 to t10 of FIG.
- the reference signal RAMPa decreases linearly with a relatively small slope
- the reference signal RAMPb decreases linearly with a relatively large slope.
- the reference signals RAMPa and RAMPb are switched in the DAC 104. Irradiation light with low illuminance whose voltage level of the pixel signal VSL is higher than the threshold value is detected with high sensitivity by the reference signal RAMPa. On the other hand, high-intensity irradiation light whose voltage level of the pixel signal VSL is lower than the threshold value can be detected by the reference signal RAMPb in a relatively short time (low power consumption).
- the reference signals RAMPa and RAMPb are combined with the input capacitance gains Ga and Gb according to the present embodiment. That is, the ADC groups 105a and 105b detect the pixel signal VSL with the input capacitance gains Ga and Gb by using the reference signal RAMPa or RAMPb.
- the modified example 3 a total of four types of first to fourth image data can be obtained as in the second modified example. That is, the first image data is image data obtained by detecting the pixel signal VSL with a relatively low input capacitance gain Ga using the reference signal RAMPa.
- the second image data is image data obtained by detecting the pixel signal VSL with a relatively low input capacitance gain Ga using the reference signal RAMPb.
- the third image data is image data obtained by detecting the pixel signal VSL with a relatively high input capacitance gain Gb using the reference signal RAMPa. Further, the fourth image data is image data obtained by detecting the pixel signal VSL with a relatively high input capacitance gain Gb using the reference signal RAMPb.
- the signal processing circuit 108 selects appropriate image data from these four image data, or synthesizes a plurality of image data among these four image data to generate one image data. For example, when the illuminance of the irradiation light is low (dark), the signal processing circuit 108 may select the third image data detected with a high gain Gb using the reference signal RAMPa having a small gradient. For example, when the illuminance of the irradiation light is high (bright), the signal processing circuit 108 may select the second image data detected with a low gain ga using the reference signal RAMPb having a large slope.
- the dynamic range of the pixel signal that can be detected by the solid-state image sensor 100 is widened by the combination of the reference signal and the input capacitance gain.
- Modifications 1 to 3 can be applied to any of the first to fifth embodiments. Further, the modified examples 1 to 3 may be combined with each other. For example, by combining the modifications 2 and 3, the dynamic range of the pixel signal that can be detected by the solid-state image sensor 100 can be further widened by the combination of the exposure time, the reference signal, and the input capacitance gain.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of ADC groups 105a and 105b according to the fifth embodiment.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the fifth embodiment switches or controls the gains of the ADC groups 105a and 105b according to the illuminance of the irradiation light.
- the solid-state image pickup device 100 further includes a control unit 130 and a register 140.
- the signal processing circuit 108 detects the illuminance of the incident light emitted to the pixel unit 101 based on the pixel signal supplied from the amplifier circuit 107 before imaging.
- the signal processing circuit 108 acquires the illuminance by using all or a part of the pixel signals of the pixel unit 101. Since the illuminance does not require the resolution as much as the image data, it is not necessary to perform CDS, and the slope of the reference signal RAMP may be steep. Therefore, the illuminance can be detected in a short time.
- the signal processing circuit 108 may calculate illuminance data based on statistical values (eg, average, median, mode) of pixel signals from predetermined pixels. The statistics may be interpolated by any linear or non-linear operation.
- the illuminance detection and calculation may be performed outside the solid-state image sensor 100.
- the control unit 130 obtains illuminance data from the signal processing circuit 108 and changes the settings of the DAC 104 and / or the capacitance units 120a and 120b based on the setting data from the register 140. For example, when the illuminance is lower than the threshold value, the control unit 130 increases the capacitance of the input capacitance elements Cvsla and Cvslb of the capacitance units 120a and 120b to increase the input capacitance gain. When the illuminance is equal to or higher than the threshold value, the control unit 130 reduces the capacitance of the input capacitance elements Cvsla and Cvslb of the capacitance units 120a and 120b to reduce the input capacitance gain.
- the control unit 130 and the register 140 may be provided inside or outside the solid-state image sensor 100.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the input capacitance elements Cvsla and Cvslb.
- the input capacitance elements Cvsla and Cvslb are variable capacitance elements composed of a plurality of capacitance elements Ce connected in parallel via switches SWc1 and SWc2.
- the SW control signal from the control unit 130 controls the switches SWc1 and SWc2 to be turned on or off to control the number of capacitive elements Ce connected in parallel. Thereby, the capacitance of the input capacitance elements Cvsla and Cvslb can be changed.
- the number of switches SWc1 and SWc2 and the capacitance element Ce is not particularly limited. Further, the configuration of FIG. 18 may be applied to the input capacitance elements Crmpa and Crmpb.
- the register 140 stores the threshold value of the illuminance in advance, and transmits the threshold value to the control unit 130 as setting data.
- the register 140 may store a plurality of threshold values.
- the control unit 130 can control the plurality of switches SWc1 and SWc2 in FIG. 18 and gradually control the capacities of the input capacitance elements Cvsla and Cvslb. For example, when the illuminance is below the first threshold, the control unit 130 turns on the switch SWc1, and when the illuminance is further below the second threshold ( ⁇ first threshold), the control unit 130 turns on the switch SWc2. You may turn it on further.
- the pixel unit 101 After the control unit 130 sets the input capacitance gains of the capacitance units 120a and 120b, the pixel unit 101 performs imaging with the set input capacitance gain, and the signal processing circuit 108 converts the pixel signal and outputs image data. do.
- FIG. 19 is a flow chart showing the operation of the solid-state image sensor 100 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 measures the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel unit 101 for each frame, and then performs imaging.
- the vertical scanning circuit 103 first sets the read row of the pixel unit 101 (S100). Next, a pixel signal is output based on the irradiation light detected by the pixel row of the pixel unit 101 (S110). Next, the ADC groups 105a and 105b perform AD conversion of the pixel signal (S120). Next, the latch circuit 123 outputs the AD-converted illuminance data to the signal processing circuit 108 (S130). Steps S100 to S130 are executed up to the final line of the pixel unit 101 (NO in S140).
- the signal processing circuit 108 acquires the illuminance data up to the last line of the pixel unit 101 (YES in S140), the signal processing circuit 108 generates the illuminance data for the entire frame (S150) and outputs the illuminance data to the control unit 130. (S160).
- the control unit 130 determines the illuminance based on the setting data from the register 140, and sets and outputs the SW control signal or the DAC control signal according to the illuminance for each pixel line.
- the input capacitance gains of the capacitance units 120a and 120b are controlled by the SW control signal.
- the slope of the reference signal RAMP from the DAC 104 is controlled by the DAC control signal.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 starts imaging the frame.
- Steps S180 to S220 are the same as steps S100 to S140.
- the signal processing circuit 108 generates image data of the entire frame (S230), and outputs the image data to the outside of the solid-state image sensor 100 (S240). Thereby, the image data can be generated with an appropriate input capacitance gain or reference signal RAMP depending on the illuminance of the irradiation light.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 can image with the optimum gain for each frame.
- the illuminance measurement does not necessarily have to be performed in each frame, and may be performed every several frames, for example.
- the control unit 130 determines the input capacitance gains of the capacitance units 120a and 120b in the measurement mode for measuring the illuminance and the imaging mode for capturing an image. You may switch. For example, in the measurement mode, the pixel signal may be detected with low sensitivity and in a short time, so that the control unit 130 may reduce the input capacitance gain. Alternatively, in the measurement mode, the signal processing circuit 108 may select the output signal OUTa obtained using the low gain.
- the control unit 130 may control the DAC 104 together with or instead of the switches SWc1 and SWc2.
- the control unit 130 changes the inclination of the reference signal RAMP according to the DAC control signal.
- the inclination of the reference signal RAMP can be changed according to the illuminance of the irradiation light, and the operation as in the above-mentioned modification 3 becomes possible.
- the signal processing circuit 108 selects the output signals OUTa and OUTb.
- the signal processing circuit 108 may select the output signals OUTa and OUTb according to the detected illuminance.
- the technology related to this disclosure can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure is realized as a device mounted on a moving body of any kind such as an automobile, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a motorcycle, a bicycle, a personal mobility, an airplane, a drone, a ship, and a robot. You may.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile control system to which the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via the communication network 12001.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a drive system control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an outside information detection unit 12030, an in-vehicle information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
- a microcomputer 12051, an audio image output unit 12052, and an in-vehicle network I / F (interface) 12053 are shown as a functional configuration of the integrated control unit 12050.
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of the device related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the drive system control unit 12010 has a driving force generator for generating a driving force of a vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels, and a steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device such as a steering mechanism for adjusting and a braking device for generating braking force of the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operation of various devices mounted on the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as headlamps, back lamps, brake lamps, turn signals or fog lamps.
- the body system control unit 12020 may be input with radio waves transmitted from a portable device that substitutes for the key or signals of various switches.
- the body system control unit 12020 receives inputs of these radio waves or signals and controls a vehicle door lock device, a power window device, a lamp, and the like.
- the outside information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle equipped with the vehicle control system 12000.
- the image pickup unit 12031 is connected to the vehicle outside information detection unit 12030.
- the vehicle outside information detection unit 12030 causes the image pickup unit 12031 to capture an image of the outside of the vehicle and receives the captured image.
- the vehicle outside information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing such as a person, a vehicle, an obstacle, a sign, or a character on the road surface based on the received image.
- the solid-state image sensor 100 may be provided in the image pickup unit 12031.
- the image pickup unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electric signal according to the amount of the light received.
- the image pickup unit 12031 can output an electric signal as an image or can output it as distance measurement information. Further, the light received by the image pickup unit 12031 may be visible light or invisible light such as infrared light.
- the solid-state image pickup device 100 according to the present disclosure may be the image pickup unit 12031, or may be provided separately from the image pickup unit 12031.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects the in-vehicle information.
- a driver state detection unit 12041 that detects the state of the driver is connected to the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040.
- the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that images the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 determines the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041. It may be calculated, or it may be determined whether the driver has fallen asleep.
- the microcomputer 12051 calculates the control target value of the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, or the braking device based on the information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, and the drive system control unit.
- a control command can be output to 12010.
- the microcomputer 12051 realizes ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) functions including vehicle collision avoidance or impact mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane deviation warning, and the like. It is possible to perform cooperative control for the purpose of.
- ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the driving force generating device, the steering mechanism, the braking device, and the like based on the information around the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040. It is possible to perform coordinated control for the purpose of automatic driving that runs autonomously without depending on the operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 can output a control command to the body system control unit 12020 based on the information outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle outside information detection unit 12030.
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the headlamps according to the position of the preceding vehicle or the oncoming vehicle detected by the outside information detection unit 12030, and performs cooperative control for the purpose of anti-glare such as switching the high beam to the low beam. It can be carried out.
- the audio image output unit 12052 transmits an output signal of at least one of audio and image to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying information to the passenger or the outside of the vehicle.
- an output device an audio speaker 12061, a display unit 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are exemplified.
- the display unit 12062 may include, for example, at least one of an onboard display and a head-up display.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the installation position of the image pickup unit 12031.
- the vehicle 12100 has an imaging unit 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, 12105 as an imaging unit 12031.
- the image pickup units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, 12105 are provided, for example, at positions such as the front nose, side mirrors, rear bumpers, back doors, and the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior of the vehicle 12100.
- the image pickup unit 12101 provided in the front nose and the image pickup section 12105 provided in the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior mainly acquire an image in front of the vehicle 12100.
- the image pickup units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirror mainly acquire images of the side of the vehicle 12100.
- the image pickup unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or the back door mainly acquires an image of the rear of the vehicle 12100.
- the images in front acquired by the image pickup units 12101 and 12105 are mainly used for detecting a preceding vehicle, a pedestrian, an obstacle, a traffic light, a traffic sign, a lane, or the like.
- FIG. 21 shows an example of the shooting range of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- the imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided on the front nose
- the imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate the imaging range of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided on the side mirrors, respectively
- the imaging range 12114 indicates the imaging range.
- the imaging range of the imaging unit 12104 provided on the rear bumper or the back door is shown. For example, by superimposing the image data captured by the image pickup units 12101 to 12104, a bird's-eye view image of the vehicle 12100 can be obtained.
- At least one of the image pickup units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the image pickup units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera including a plurality of image pickup elements, or may be an image pickup element having pixels for phase difference detection.
- the microcomputer 12051 has a distance to each three-dimensional object in the image pickup range 12111 to 12114 based on the distance information obtained from the image pickup unit 12101 to 12104, and a temporal change of this distance (relative speed with respect to the vehicle 12100). By obtaining can. Further, the microcomputer 12051 can set an inter-vehicle distance to be secured in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and can perform automatic brake control (including follow-up stop control), automatic acceleration control (including follow-up start control), and the like. In this way, it is possible to perform coordinated control for the purpose of automatic driving or the like in which the vehicle travels autonomously without depending on the operation of the driver.
- automatic brake control including follow-up stop control
- automatic acceleration control including follow-up start control
- the microcomputer 12051 converts three-dimensional object data related to a three-dimensional object into two-wheeled vehicles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, electric poles, and other three-dimensional objects based on the distance information obtained from the image pickup units 12101 to 12104. It can be classified and extracted and used for automatic avoidance of obstacles. For example, the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into obstacles that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and obstacles that are difficult to see. Then, the microcomputer 12051 determines the collision risk indicating the risk of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or higher than the set value and there is a possibility of collision, the microcomputer 12051 via the audio speaker 12061 or the display unit 12062. By outputting an alarm to the driver and performing forced deceleration and avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010, driving support for collision avoidance can be provided.
- At least one of the image pickup units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not a pedestrian is present in the captured image of the imaging unit 12101 to 12104.
- pedestrian recognition is, for example, a procedure for extracting feature points in an image captured by an image pickup unit 12101 to 12104 as an infrared camera, and pattern matching processing is performed on a series of feature points indicating the outline of an object to determine whether or not the pedestrian is a pedestrian. It is done by the procedure to determine.
- the audio image output unit 12052 determines the square contour line for emphasizing the recognized pedestrian.
- the display unit 12062 is controlled so as to superimpose and display. Further, the audio image output unit 12052 may control the display unit 12062 so as to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- the technique according to the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030.
- the above-mentioned image pickup unit 12031 can be mounted on the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030.
- the present technology can have the following configurations. (1) A pixel part containing multiple pixels and The pixel signal line that transmits the pixel signal of the pixel and A reference signal line that transmits a reference signal to be compared with the pixel signal, A first comparator that outputs a first output signal corresponding to the pixel signal based on the voltage difference between the pixel signal and the reference signal.
- a second comparator that outputs a second output signal corresponding to the pixel signal based on the voltage difference between the pixel signal and the reference signal, and A first capacitance unit provided between the pixel signal line or the reference signal line and the first comparator and set to the first gain
- a solid-state image pickup device including a second capacitance unit provided between the pixel signal line or the reference signal line and the second comparator and set to a second gain.
- the first capacitance section is A first input capacitance element provided between the reference signal line and the first comparator, and A second input capacitance element provided between the pixel signal line and the first comparator is included.
- the second capacitance section is A third input capacitance element provided between the reference signal line and the second comparator
- the solid-state image pickup device according to (1) which includes a fourth input capacitance element provided between the pixel signal line and the second comparator.
- (3) The solid-state image pickup device according to (2), wherein the capacitance ratio between the first input capacitance element and the second input capacitance element is different from the capacitance ratio between the third input capacitance element and the fourth input capacitance element.
- the solid-state image pickup device according to (2) or (3) wherein the capacities of the first and third input capacitance elements are substantially the same, and the capacities of the second and fourth input capacitance elements are different from each other.
- the gain of the first capacitance section is determined by the capacitance ratio of the first input capacitance element and the second input capacitance element.
- One end of each of the first and third input capacitance elements is commonly connected to the reference signal line.
- One end of each of the second and fourth input capacitance elements is commonly connected to the pixel signal line.
- the first comparator includes a first transistor whose gate is commonly connected to the other ends of the first and second input capacitive elements.
- the solid-state image pickup device according to any one of (2) to (5), wherein the second comparator includes a second transistor in which a gate is commonly connected to the other ends of the third and fourth input capacitance elements. .. (7)
- the first comparator further includes a first constant current source connected to one end of the first transistor, and outputs the first output signal from between the first transistor and the first constant current source.
- the second comparator further includes a second constant current source connected to one end of the second transistor, and outputs the second output signal from between the second transistor and the second constant current source.
- the first comparator includes a first constant current source connected to one end of the first transistor, a third transistor having one end connected to the first constant current source, and the other ends of the first and third transistors. Further includes the first mirror circuit connected to the above, and outputs the first output signal from between the third transistor and the first mirror circuit.
- the second comparator has a second constant current source connected to one end of the second transistor, a fourth transistor having one end connected to the second constant current source, and the other ends of the first and fourth transistors.
- the solid-state imaging device according to (6) further including a second mirror circuit connected to the second mirror circuit, and outputting the second output signal from between the fourth transistor and the second mirror circuit.
- the first comparator includes a first transistor having a gate connected to the first input capacitive element and one end connected to the second input capacitive element.
- the first and third input capacitance elements are commonly connected to the reference signal line.
- any one of (1) to (10) further comprising a signal processing circuit that selects either the first or second output signal and outputs it as image data according to the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel portion.
- the solid-state image sensor according to the section.
- the solid-state image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (12), further comprising a control unit that changes the exposure time of the pixel portion according to the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel portion.
- the solid-state image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (14), further comprising a control unit that controls the first or second gain according to the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel unit.
- a signal processing circuit (108) that acquires the illuminance of the irradiation light to the pixel portion, and Further, a control unit (130) for setting the first or second gain according to the illuminance is provided.
- the pixel unit generates the pixel signal by performing imaging with the set first or second gain.
- the solid-state image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the signal processing circuit converts the pixel signal to generate image data.
- One end of each of the first and third input capacitance elements is commonly connected to the reference signal line.
- the first comparator includes a first transistor having a gate connected to the other end of the first input capacitance element and a third transistor having a gate connected to the other end of the second input capacitance element.
- the second comparator includes a second transistor having a gate connected to the other end of the third input capacitance element and a fourth transistor having a gate connected to the other end of the fourth input capacitance element (2).
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態による固体撮像素子100の構成例を示すブロック図である。固体撮像素子100は、画素部101と、タイミング制御回路102と、垂直走査回路103と、DAC(デジタル-アナログ変換装置)104と、ADC(アナログ-デジタル変換装置)群105と、水平転送走査回路106と、アンプ回路107と、信号処理回路108とを備える。
図8Aは、第2実施形態による固体撮像素子100の構成例を示す図である。第2実施形態では、コンパレータ121a、121bの構成が、第1実施形態と異なる。容量部120a、120bを含む他の構成は、第1実施形態の対応する構成と同様でよい。
図8Bは、第2実施形態の変形例による固体撮像素子100の構成例を示す図である。本変形例では、コンパレータ121a、121bが、画素信号VSLと参照信号RAMPとの差動回路として機能する。入力容量素子Cvslaの他端は、トランジスタTp3aのゲートには接続されておらず、トランジスタTp4aのゲートに接続されている。入力容量素子Cvslbの他端は、トランジスタTp3bのゲートには接続されておらず、トランジスタTp4bのゲートに接続されている。
図8Cは、第2実施形態の他の変形例による固体撮像素子100の構成例を示す図である。本変形例では、入力容量素子Cgnda、Cgndbは、トランジスタTp4a、Tp4bのゲートとグランドGNDとの間にそれぞれ接続されている。本変形例も、入力容量素子Cgnda、Cgndbの容量を互いに相違させことによって入力容量素子ゲインGa、Gbがそれぞれ設定される。容量部120aの入力容量ゲインGaは、入力容量素子Cvsla、Cgndaの容量比によって決定される。容量部120bの入力容量ゲインGbは、入力容量素子Cvslb、Cgndbの容量比によって決定される。本変形例のその他の構成は、図8Bの変形例の構成と同様でよい。本変形例の動作は、第2実施形態の動作と同じでよい。従って、本変形例も、第2実施形態と同様の効果を得ることができる。
図9は、第3実施形態による固体撮像素子100の構成例を示す図である。第3実施形態では、コンパレータ121a、121bおよび垂直信号線110の構成が、第1実施形態と異なる。容量部120a、120bを含む他の構成は、第1実施形態の対応する構成と同様でよい。
第3実施形態は、第1実施形態と同様に容量部120a、102bを有し、第1実施形態と同様の効果を得ることができる。
図11は、第4実施形態による固体撮像素子100の構成例を示す図である。第4実施形態では、入力容量素子Cvsla、Cvslb、定電流源CS1a、トランジスタTn5a、Tn5b、AZスイッチSW4a、SW4bが省略されており、入力容量素子Cgnda、Cgndbが追加されている点で第3実施形態と異なる。トランジスタTp5aのゲートは、入力容量素子Crmpaの一端に接続され、入力容量素子Crmpaを介して参照信号RAMPを受け取る。また、トランジスタTp5aのゲートは、入力容量素子Cgndaの一端に接続され、入力容量素子Cgndaを介してグランドGNDに接続されている。トランジスタTp5aのソースは、垂直信号線110に接続され、画素信号VSLを受け取る。トランジスタTp5bのゲートは、入力容量素子Crmpbの一端に接続され、入力容量素子Crmpbを介して参照信号RAMPを受け取る。また、トランジスタTp5bのゲートは、入力容量素子Cgndbの一端に接続され、入力容量素子Cgndbを介してグランドGNDに接続されている。トランジスタTp5bのソースは、垂直信号線110に接続され、画素信号VSLを受け取る。トランジスタTp5a、Tp5bは、入力容量素子Crmpa、Crmpbを介して同一参照信号RAMPをゲートで受ける。また、トランジスタTp5a、Tp5bは、垂直信号線110から同一の画素信号VSLを受ける。
図12は、第1実施形態の変形例1による固体撮像素子100の構成例を示す図である。第1実施形態では、2つのADC群105a、105bが各画素列に対して並列に接続されている。これに対し、変形例1では、3つ以上のADC群105a、105b、105c・・・が各画素列に対して並列に接続されている。ADC群105a、105b、105c・・・は、それぞれ異なる入力容量ゲインの容量部120a、120b、120c・・・を有する。このように、固体撮像素子100は、3つ以上のADC群105a、105b、105c・・・を各画素列に対応して設けてもよい。これにより、検出可能な照射光のダイナミックレンジをさらに大きくすることができる。
図13は、変形例2による固体撮像素子100の露光時間と入力容量ゲインとの関係を示す表である。上記実施形態において、画素部101の露光時間は等しくてもよいが、照射光の照度に応じて露光時間を変更してもよい。露光時間は、タイミング制御回路102によって変更され得る。例えば、固体撮像素子100は、画素部101の露光時間を、比較的長い第1露光時間と比較的短い第2露光時間とで選択可能にする。この場合、ADC群105a、105bは、第1および第2露光時間のそれぞれの画素信号VSLを、入力容量ゲインGa、Gbのそれぞれで検出する。従って、計4種類の第1~第4画像データが得られる。即ち、第1画像データは、比較的長い第1露光時間で得られた画素信号VSLを比較的低い入力容量ゲインGaで検出した画像データである。第2画像データは、比較的短い第2露光時間で得られた画素信号VSLを比較的低い入力容量ゲインGaで検出した画像データである。第3画像データは、比較的長い第1露光時間で得られた画素信号VSLを比較的高い入力容量ゲインGbで検出した画像データである。並びに、第4画像データは、比較的短い第2露光時間で得られた画素信号VSLを比較的高い入力容量ゲインGbで検出した画像データである。
図14は、変形例3による固体撮像素子100の動作例を示すタイミング図である。図15は、変形例3による参照信号と入力容量ゲインとの組み合わせを示す表である。
図16は、第5実施形態による固体撮像素子100の構成例を示すブロック図である。図17は、第5実施形態によるADC群105a、105bの構成例を示すブロック図である。第5実施形態による固体撮像素子100は、照射光の照度に応じて、ADC群105a、105bのゲインの切替えまたは制御を行う。このために、固体撮像素子100は、制御部130と、レジスタ140とをさらに備える。
(1)
複数の画素を含む画素部と、
前記画素の画素信号を伝達する画素信号線と、
前記画素信号と比較される参照信号を伝達する参照信号線と、
前記画素信号と前記参照信号との電圧差に基づいて該画素信号に応じた第1出力信号を出力する第1コンパレータと、
前記画素信号と前記参照信号との電圧差に基づいて該画素信号に応じた第2出力信号を出力する第2コンパレータと、
前記画素信号線または前記参照信号線と前記第1コンパレータとの間に設けられ、第1ゲインに設定された第1容量部と、
前記画素信号線または前記参照信号線と前記第2コンパレータとの間に設けられ、第2ゲインに設定された第2容量部と、を備える固体撮像素子。
(2)
前記第1容量部は、
前記参照信号線と前記第1コンパレータとの間に設けられた第1入力容量素子と、
前記画素信号線と前記第1コンパレータとの間に設けられた第2入力容量素子と、を含み、
前記第2容量部は、
前記参照信号線と前記第2コンパレータとの間に設けられた第3入力容量素子と、
前記画素信号線と前記第2コンパレータとの間に設けられた第4入力容量素子と、を含む(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(3)
前記第1入力容量素子と前記第2入力容量素子との容量比は、前記第3入力容量素子と前記第4入力容量素子との容量比と異なる、(2)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(4)
前記第1および第3入力容量素子の容量はほぼ等しく、前記第2および第4入力容量素子の容量が互いに異なる、(2)または(3)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(5)
前記第1容量部のゲインは、前記第1入力容量素子と前記第2入力容量素子との容量比によって決定され、
前記第2容量部のゲインは、前記第3入力容量素子と前記第4入力容量素子との容量比によって決定される、(3)または(4)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(6)
前記第1および第3入力容量素子のそれぞれの一端は、前記参照信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第2および第4入力容量素子のそれぞれの一端は、前記画素信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第1コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第1および第2入力容量素子の他端に共通に接続された第1トランジスタを含み、
前記第2コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第3および第4入力容量素子の他端に共通に接続された第2トランジスタを含む、(2)から(5)のいずれか一項に記載の固体撮像素子。
(7)
前記第1コンパレータは、前記第1トランジスタの一端に接続された第1定電流源をさらに含み、前記第1トランジスタと前記第1定電流源との間から前記第1出力信号を出力し、
前記第2コンパレータは、前記第2トランジスタの一端に接続された第2定電流源をさらに含み、前記第2トランジスタと前記第2定電流源との間から前記第2出力信号を出力する、(6)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(8)
前記第1コンパレータは、前記第1トランジスタの一端に接続された第1定電流源と、該第1定電流源に一端が接続された第3トランジスタと、前記第1および第3トランジスタの他端に接続された第1ミラー回路とをさらに含み、前記第3トランジスタと前記第1ミラー回路との間から前記第1出力信号を出力し、
前記第2コンパレータは、前記第2トランジスタの一端に接続された第2定電流源と、該第2定電流源に一端が接続された第4トランジスタと、前記第1および第4トランジスタの他端に接続された第2ミラー回路とをさらに含み、前記第4トランジスタと前記第2ミラー回路との間から前記第2出力信号を出力する、(6)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(9)
前記第1コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第1入力容量素子に接続され、一端が前記第2入力容量素子に接続された第1トランジスタを含み、
前記第2コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第3入力容量素子に接続され、一端が前記第4入力容量素子に接続された第2トランジスタを含む、(2)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(10)
前記第1および第3入力容量素子は、前記参照信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第1および第2トランジスタの各一端は、それぞれ前記第2および第4入力容量素子を介して画素信号を受け取る、(9)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(11)
前記第1および第3入力容量素子に同一の前記参照信号を供給する参照信号生成部をさらに備える、(2)から(10)のいずれか一項に記載の固体撮像素子。
(12)
前記画素部への照射光の照度に応じて前記第1または第2出力信号のいずれかを選択して画像データとして出力する信号処理回路をさらに備える、(1)から(10)のいずれか一項に記載の固体撮像素子。
(13)
前記画素部への照射光の照度に応じて前記画素部の露光時間を変更する制御部をさらに備える、(1)から(12)のいずれか一項に記載の固体撮像素子。
(14)
前記画素部への照射光の照度に応じて前記参照信号の傾きを制御する制御部をさらに備える、(1)から(13)のいずれか一項に記載の固体撮像素子。
(15)
前記画素部への照射光の照度に応じて前記第1または第2ゲインを制御する制御部をさらに備える、(1)から(14)のいずれか一項に記載の固体撮像素子。
(16)
前記画素部への照射光の照度を取得する信号処理回路(108)と、
該照度に応じて前記第1または前記第2ゲインを設定する制御部(130)とをさらに備え、
前記画素部は、設定された前記第1または第2ゲインで撮像を実行して前記画素信号を生成し、
前記信号処理回路は、前記画素信号を変換して画像データを生成する、(1)から(10)のいずれか一項に記載の固体撮像素子。
(17)
前記第1および第3入力容量素子のそれぞれの一端は、前記参照信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第2および第4入力容量素子のそれぞれの一端は、前記画素信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第1コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第1入力容量素子の他端に接続された第1トランジスタと、ゲートが前記第2入力容量素子の他端に接続された第3トランジスタを含み、
前記第2コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第3入力容量素子の他端に接続された第2トランジスタと、ゲートが前記第4入力容量素子の他端に接続された第4トランジスタを含む、(2)から(5)のいずれか一項に記載の固体撮像素子。
Claims (17)
- 複数の画素を含む画素部と、
前記画素の画素信号を伝達する画素信号線と、
前記画素信号と比較される参照信号を伝達する参照信号線と、
前記画素信号と前記参照信号との電圧差に基づいて該画素信号に応じた第1出力信号を出力する第1コンパレータと、
前記画素信号と前記参照信号との電圧差に基づいて該画素信号に応じた第2出力信号を出力する第2コンパレータと、
前記画素信号線または前記参照信号線と前記第1コンパレータとの間に設けられ、第1ゲインに設定された第1容量部と、
前記画素信号線または前記参照信号線と前記第2コンパレータとの間に設けられ、第2ゲインに設定された第2容量部と、を備える固体撮像素子。 - 前記第1容量部は、
前記参照信号線と前記第1コンパレータとの間に設けられた第1入力容量素子と、
前記画素信号線と前記第1コンパレータとの間に設けられた第2入力容量素子と、を含み、
前記第2容量部は、
前記参照信号線と前記第2コンパレータとの間に設けられた第3入力容量素子と、
前記画素信号線と前記第2コンパレータとの間に設けられた第4入力容量素子と、を含む請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記第1入力容量素子と前記第2入力容量素子との容量比は、前記第3入力容量素子と前記第4入力容量素子との容量比と異なる、請求項2に記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記第1および第3入力容量素子の容量はほぼ等しく、前記第2および第4入力容量素子の容量が互いに異なる、請求項2に記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記第1容量部のゲインは、前記第1入力容量素子と前記第2入力容量素子との容量比によって決定され、
前記第2容量部のゲインは、前記第3入力容量素子と前記第4入力容量素子との容量比によって決定される、請求項3に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記第1および第3入力容量素子のそれぞれの一端は、前記参照信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第2および第4入力容量素子のそれぞれの一端は、前記画素信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第1コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第1および第2入力容量素子の他端に共通に接続された第1トランジスタを含み、
前記第2コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第3および第4入力容量素子の他端に共通に接続された第2トランジスタを含む、請求項2に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記第1コンパレータは、前記第1トランジスタの一端に接続された第1定電流源をさらに含み、前記第1トランジスタと前記第1定電流源との間から前記第1出力信号を出力し、
前記第2コンパレータは、前記第2トランジスタの一端に接続された第2定電流源をさらに含み、前記第2トランジスタと前記第2定電流源との間から前記第2出力信号を出力する、請求項6に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記第1コンパレータは、前記第1トランジスタの一端に接続された第1定電流源と、該第1定電流源に一端が接続された第3トランジスタと、前記第1および第3トランジスタの他端に接続された第1ミラー回路とをさらに含み、前記第3トランジスタと前記第1ミラー回路との間から前記第1出力信号を出力し、
前記第2コンパレータは、前記第2トランジスタの一端に接続された第2定電流源と、該第2定電流源に一端が接続された第4トランジスタと、前記第1および第4トランジスタの他端に接続された第2ミラー回路とをさらに含み、前記第4トランジスタと前記第2ミラー回路との間から前記第2出力信号を出力する、請求項6に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記第1コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第1および第2入力容量素子の一端に接続され、一端が前記画素信号線に接続された第1トランジスタを含み、
前記第2コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第3および第4入力容量素子の一端に接続され、一端が前記画素信号線に接続された第2トランジスタを含む、請求項2に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記第1および第3入力容量素子の他端は、前記参照信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第2および第4入力容量素子の他端は、接地されており、
前記第1および第2トランジスタの各一端は、それぞれ前記画素信号線から同一画素信号を受け取る、請求項9に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記第1および第3入力容量素子に同一の前記参照信号を供給する参照信号生成部をさらに備える、請求項2に記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記画素部への照射光の照度に応じて前記第1または第2出力信号のいずれかを選択して画像データとして出力する信号処理回路をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記画素部への照射光の照度に応じて前記画素部の露光時間を変更する制御部をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記画素部への照射光の照度に応じて前記参照信号の傾きを制御する制御部をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記画素部への照射光の照度に応じて前記第1または第2ゲインを制御する制御部をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記画素部への照射光の照度を取得する信号処理回路と、
該照度に応じて前記第1または前記第2ゲインを設定する制御部とをさらに備え、
前記画素部は、設定された前記第1または第2ゲインで撮像を実行して前記画素信号を生成し、
前記信号処理回路は、前記画素信号を変換して画像データを生成する、請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記第1および第3入力容量素子のそれぞれの一端は、前記参照信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第2および第4入力容量素子のそれぞれの一端は、前記画素信号線に共通に接続されており、
前記第1コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第1入力容量素子の他端に接続された第1トランジスタと、ゲートが前記第2入力容量素子の他端に接続された第3トランジスタを含み、
前記第2コンパレータは、ゲートが前記第3入力容量素子の他端に接続された第2トランジスタと、ゲートが前記第4入力容量素子の他端に接続された第4トランジスタを含む、請求項2に記載の固体撮像素子。
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JP2018148541A (ja) | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-20 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像素子、撮像素子の制御方法、及び、電子機器 |
JP2019165313A (ja) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像素子、撮像装置、および、固体撮像素子の制御方法 |
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US20230247324A1 (en) | 2023-08-03 |
CN115885517A (zh) | 2023-03-31 |
EP4164212A4 (en) | 2023-05-31 |
TW202147826A (zh) | 2021-12-16 |
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