WO2021249576A1 - 一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统 - Google Patents

一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021249576A1
WO2021249576A1 PCT/CN2021/110101 CN2021110101W WO2021249576A1 WO 2021249576 A1 WO2021249576 A1 WO 2021249576A1 CN 2021110101 W CN2021110101 W CN 2021110101W WO 2021249576 A1 WO2021249576 A1 WO 2021249576A1
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solar energy
radiant
refrigeration
utilization
energy
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PCT/CN2021/110101
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English (en)
French (fr)
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董凯军
苏林
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中国科学院广州能源研究所
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Publication of WO2021249576A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021249576A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F25B23/003—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect using selective radiation effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a liquid, e.g. brine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration, in particular to a solar energy utilization and radiation refrigeration combined system.
  • Radiant refrigeration is a zero-energy, passive refrigeration technology. It uses the spectral characteristics of the earth’s atmosphere in the 8-13 ⁇ m band to transfer heat directly to space through thermal radiation. The radiant refrigeration process is carried out throughout the day, and the refrigeration process does not consume electricity or Mechanical energy has good application prospects.
  • the invention provides a new type of solar and radiant refrigeration composite system.
  • the radiant system reflects sunlight to the solar system while radiating cooling.
  • the solar system converts light energy into required electric energy, heat or cold energy, realizing solar energy in the same area Simultaneously superimposed and utilized with radiant refrigeration greatly improves the energy utilization rate and energy density per unit area, and saves a lot of land resources and space.
  • the present invention proposes a solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration composite system, which can realize the simultaneous superimposed utilization of solar energy and radiant refrigeration in the same area, and greatly improve the energy utilization rate and energy density per unit area.
  • a combined solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration system includes a radiant refrigeration system and a solar conversion utilization system.
  • the radiant refrigeration system includes a radiant refrigeration device and a radiant cold collection and utilization system.
  • the solar conversion utilization system includes a solar energy conversion device and an energy utilization system;
  • the solar energy conversion device is located on both sides of the radiant refrigeration device.
  • the two constitute a composite structure energy conversion device.
  • the radiant refrigeration device converts heat energy into electromagnetic waves, radiates electromagnetic waves into space to achieve cooling, and at the same time reflects the solar energy irradiated on its surface to solar energy conversion Device, the solar energy conversion device receives direct sunlight, the sunlight reflected by the radiant refrigeration device, and the radiant electromagnetic wave of the radiant refrigeration device body, and converts it into electric energy, heat or cold energy, realizing the superimposed utilization of solar energy and radiant refrigeration in the same area .
  • the solar energy conversion device includes, but is not limited to, solar photovoltaic power generation panels, solar heat collectors, and solar adsorption refrigeration devices.
  • the solar energy conversion device converts the received solar energy into solar energy, heat energy or cold energy.
  • the radiant refrigeration device includes a heat shield, a radiant refrigeration film, and a light reflecting surface; the radiant refrigeration film and the light reflecting surface form a layered structure from top to bottom, and are placed in the heat shield.
  • the surface shape of the layered structure The sum angle is designed according to the requirements of light reflection.
  • the layered structure is a fixed structure or a soft adjustable structure.
  • a soft adjustable structure it is equipped with a light reflection angle adjustment for driving the layered structure to move freely in a two-dimensional plane.
  • the mechanism according to the incident angle of different sun rays, intelligently adjusts the reflection angle of the light reflecting surface, and reflects all the reflected light to the solar energy conversion device, so that the solar energy conversion device can absorb the sun's rays to the maximum.
  • the radiant cooling film transfers the heat energy into light waves. It radiates into space in the form of radiance to achieve refrigeration.
  • the heat shield is made of heat insulation materials to prevent loss of cooling capacity.
  • the upper part and sides should have good light transmission performance.
  • the heat insulation materials include but are not limited to vacuum heat preservation glass and heat preservation cotton.
  • the radiant cold energy collection and utilization system includes, but is not limited to, the use of circulating water, circulating refrigerant, circulating gas, and metal heat conduction methods to collect and output the cold energy generated by radiation.
  • the solar energy conversion and utilization system includes an adsorption bed, an adsorption refrigeration pipeline, a condenser, a throttle valve and a second water tank;
  • the adsorption bed is an adsorption refrigeration structure filled with adsorbent materials, and is vertically arranged in the radiant refrigeration device On both sides of the absorbing bed, the moisture in the adsorbent material evaporates after absorbing light energy during the day, and the adsorbent material absorbs moisture at night to achieve cooling.
  • the adsorbent bed is connected to the second water tank through the condenser and the throttle valve through the adsorption refrigeration pipeline in turn.
  • the second water tank The cold water inside is simultaneously sent to the user side through the cooling pipeline and the second water pump to achieve solar adsorption cooling and cooling.
  • the solar energy conversion and utilization system includes photovoltaic panels, cables and electric refrigerators; the photovoltaic panels are vertically arranged on both sides of the radiant refrigeration device, and the generated electric energy is transmitted to the electric refrigerator through the cable, and the cold water produced by the electric refrigerator At the same time, it is sent to the user side through the cooling pipeline and the second water pump to realize electric refrigeration and cooling.
  • the solar energy conversion and utilization system includes photovoltaic panels, cables and electrical energy storage devices.
  • the photovoltaic panels are vertically arranged on both sides of the radiant refrigeration device.
  • the generated electrical energy is directly transmitted to the electrical energy storage device or the user side through the cable, and the electrical energy is stored
  • the device stores the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel during periods of strong sunlight, and the electricity storage device alone or auxiliary photovoltaic panels provide power to the user during periods of lack of sunlight or weak sunlight to achieve power supply
  • the solar energy conversion and utilization system includes a heat collector, a fourth water pump, a third water tank, a hot water pipeline, a fifth water pump and a heat supply pipeline; the heat collector is vertically arranged on both sides of the radiant refrigeration device The heat collector forms a circulation loop through the hot water pipeline, the fourth water pump and the third water tank, and the hot water in the third water tank is sent to the user side through the heat supply pipeline and the fifth water pump to realize heating.
  • the composite structure energy conversion device can be used in a single set or multiple sets in combination, and together with the energy utilization system and the radiant cold energy collection and utilization system constitute a composite energy utilization system.
  • the present invention combines radiant refrigeration and solar energy utilization. Through innovative structural design and operation control, the superimposed utilization of solar energy and radiant refrigeration in the same area is realized, the energy utilization rate per unit area is improved, and a large amount of land resources and space are saved.
  • the components such as the radiant refrigeration film and light reflecting surface of the present invention are flexible and adjustable structures.
  • the refrigeration capacity of the radiant refrigeration film is not affected during the movement, and it also ensures that the adsorption bed, photovoltaic panels, and heat collectors can absorb the sun to the maximum. Light, to achieve a better comprehensive energy utilization effect.
  • the present invention works by means of radiation heat transfer to low-temperature space and solar energy utilization, so the demand for external energy is extremely low, and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is remarkable.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration combined system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration combined system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration combined system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration combined system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration combined system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the composite structure energy conversion device of embodiment 1 of the present invention when it is exposed to direct sunlight;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the energy conversion device with a composite structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the sun's rays are slanted;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the combined arrangement of multiple sets of composite structure energy conversion devices according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration combined system of the present invention mainly includes a radiant refrigeration system and a solar energy conversion and utilization system.
  • the radiant refrigeration system includes a radiant refrigeration device and a radiant cold energy collection and utilization system; the solar energy conversion and utilization system includes a solar energy conversion device and an energy utilization system.
  • the solar energy conversion device is located on both sides of the radiant refrigeration device.
  • the two constitute a composite structure energy conversion device.
  • the radiant refrigeration device converts heat energy into electromagnetic waves, radiates electromagnetic waves into space to achieve cooling, and at the same time reflects the solar energy irradiated on its surface to solar energy conversion
  • the solar energy conversion device receives direct sunlight, the sunlight reflected by the radiant refrigeration device, and the radiated electromagnetic wave of the radiant refrigeration device body, and converts it into usable energy such as electric energy, heat or cold energy.
  • the composite structure energy conversion device It can realize the superimposed utilization of solar energy and radiant refrigeration in the same area, and improve the energy utilization rate per unit area.
  • the composite structure energy conversion device can be used in a single set or multiple sets of combined use, and together with the energy utilization system and the radiant cold energy collection system form a composite energy utilization system.
  • the solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration combined system of this embodiment includes a radiant refrigeration system and a solar energy conversion and utilization system.
  • the radiant refrigeration system includes a radiant refrigeration device and a radiant cold energy collection and utilization system; the radiant refrigeration device mainly includes: a radiant refrigeration film 11, a light reflecting surface 12, a heat shield 13, and a light reflection angle adjustment mechanism 14; a radiant cold energy collection and utilization system mainly Including: radiant refrigeration circulating water pipeline 15, first water pump 16, first water tank 17, second water pump 31 and cooling pipeline 32.
  • the solar energy conversion and utilization system includes a solar energy conversion device and an energy utilization system; the solar energy conversion device adopts a solar adsorption refrigeration device, which mainly includes: adsorption bed 21, adsorption refrigeration pipeline 22, condenser 23, throttle valve 24 and second water tank 25 .
  • the energy utilization system mainly includes: a second water tank 25, a second water pump 31, and a cooling pipeline 32.
  • the adsorption bed 21 of the solar adsorption refrigeration device is located on both sides of the radiant refrigeration device.
  • the radiant refrigeration device radiates electromagnetic waves into space and reflects the solar energy irradiated on its surface to the adsorption bed 21.
  • the adsorption bed 21 receives direct sunlight and radiant refrigeration. The sunlight reflected by the device and the radiated electromagnetic waves from the body of the radiating refrigeration device are converted into cold energy.
  • the radiant cold energy collection and utilization system collects the cold energy generated by the radiant refrigeration film 11 and delivers it to the first water tank 17 through the radiant refrigeration circulating water pipeline 15 and the first water pump 16, and to the user through the cooling supply pipeline 32 and the second water pump 31 On the other hand, to realize the collection and output utilization of radiant cold energy.
  • the radiant cold energy collection and utilization system includes, but is not limited to, the use of circulating water, circulating refrigerant, circulating gas, and metal heat conduction methods to collect and output the cold energy generated by the radiant refrigeration film.
  • the adsorbent bed 21 is an adsorption refrigeration structure filled with adsorbent materials, and is vertically arranged on both sides of the radiant refrigeration device. During the day, the adsorbent bed 21 absorbs light energy and the moisture in the adsorbent material evaporates, and the water vapor flows through the condenser 23 and throttling After the valve 24 is condensed into room temperature water, the room temperature water flows into the second water tank 25 for storage.
  • the moisture content in the adsorption bed 21 gradually decreases to a very low level; the adsorbent material absorbs the water vapor in the refrigeration pipeline 22 at night, Driven by the water vapor pressure difference, the liquid water in the second water tank 25 gradually evaporates and enters the adsorption bed 21.
  • the heat absorption during the evaporation process causes the water temperature in the second water tank 25 to gradually decrease to a lower temperature to achieve cooling.
  • the adsorption bed 21 is connected to the second water tank 25 through the condenser 23 and the throttle valve 24 in turn through the adsorption refrigeration pipeline 22, and the cold water in the second water tank 25 is simultaneously sent to the user side through the cold supply pipeline 32 and the second water pump 31. Realize solar adsorption cooling and cooling.
  • a composite device composed of a radiant refrigeration device and a solar adsorption refrigeration device adopts multiple sets of combined arrangements to increase the heat radiation area of radiant refrigeration and the light-receiving area of adsorption refrigeration, and ultimately improve energy utilization.
  • a solar energy utilization and radiant refrigeration combined system of this embodiment is the same as in embodiment 1.
  • the solar energy conversion and utilization system adopts a photovoltaic refrigeration system, which mainly includes: photovoltaic panels 41, cables 42, and electric refrigerators. 43. Electric energy storage device 44.
  • Photovoltaic panels 41 are located on both sides of the radiant refrigeration device.
  • the radiant refrigeration device radiates electromagnetic waves into space for cooling and reflects the solar energy irradiated on its surface to the photovoltaic panel 41.
  • the photovoltaic panel 41 receives the sunlight directly irradiated by the sun and reflected by the radiant refrigeration device. And the radiant electromagnetic wave of the body of the radiant refrigeration device, and convert it into electric energy.
  • the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 41 is transmitted to the electric refrigerator 43 and the electric energy storage device 44 through the cable 42.
  • the light reflecting surface 12 of the radiant refrigeration system can reflect sunlight to the photovoltaic panel 41 of the photovoltaic refrigeration system, so as to realize the full utilization of solar energy.
  • the power distribution of photovoltaic refrigeration system has the following two forms: direct power supply mode and energy storage power supply mode.
  • the direct power supply mode the photovoltaic panel 41 generates electric energy after receiving sunlight, which is directly transmitted to the electric refrigerator 43 through the cable 42 to ensure the normal cooling operation of the electric refrigerator 43.
  • the energy storage power supply mode the electrical energy storage device 44 assists the direct power supply mode to supply power. When the sun is strong, it stores the excess electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 41, and when the sun is lacking or weak (night, rain, etc.) Insufficient electric energy is supplemented.
  • the electric energy storage device 44 can also directly supply power to the electric refrigerator 43 alone.
  • the electric refrigerator 43 is connected in series with the first water tank 17, and the second water pump 31 draws user-side high-temperature return water into the first water tank 17 and the electric refrigerator 43 respectively, and the water temperature is greatly reduced. , The low-temperature water is then delivered to the user for cooling.
  • the first water tank 17 also serves as a storage device for cold energy generated by the photovoltaic refrigeration system.
  • the first water tank 17 is used for continuous cooling.
  • the heat collector 51 constitutes a circulation loop through the hot water pipe 54, the fourth water pump 52 and the third water tank 53.
  • the heat collector 51 gradually heats up after absorbing the light.
  • the fifth water pump 55 sends the hot water in the third water tank 53 to the user through the heating pipe 56 to provide heating.

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Abstract

一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，包括辐射制冷系统和太阳能转换利用系统，辐射制冷系统包括辐射制冷装置和辐射冷量收集利用系统，太阳能转换利用系统包括太阳能能量转换装置和能源利用系统；太阳能能量转换装置位于辐射制冷装置的两侧，两者构成复合结构能量转换装置，辐射制冷装置将热能转化为电磁波，向太空辐射电磁波实现制冷，同时将照射到其表面的太阳能反射到太阳能能量转换装置，太阳能能量转换装置接收太阳光直接照射、辐射制冷装置反射的太阳光以及辐射制冷装置本体的辐射电磁波，并将其转化为电能、热能或冷量，实现同一区域太阳能和辐射制冷的叠加利用。能极大地提高单位面积的能源利用率和能量密度。

Description

一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统 技术领域
本发明涉及制冷技术领域，具体涉及一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统。
背景技术
太阳能作为可再生能源在国内外已获得广泛的应用，可用于发电、供热和供冷，占世界能源比重越来越大，是未来能源发展的主要方向之一。辐射制冷是一种零能耗、被动式制冷技术，其利用地球大气层在8-13μm波段的光谱特性，通过热辐射方式将热量直接传递至太空，辐射制冷过程全天进行、制冷过程不消耗电能或机械能，具有良好的应用前景。
太阳能及辐射制冷的最大瓶颈问题是单位面积的能量密度太低，且太阳能只能在白天才能应用，需占用大量的土地资源和空间，极大地限制了太阳能和辐射制冷的应用效果。
提高单位面积的可再生能源利用率是国内外研究的热点，目前的技术现状是同一区域只能实现单一的能源利用方式，太阳能利用及辐射制冷只能选择一种，提高能量密度的主要方式仍然集中在提高太阳能和辐射制冷的本身效率。
本发明提供一种新型太阳能与辐射制冷复合系统，辐射系统辐射制冷的同时，将太阳光反射到太阳能系统，太阳能系统将光能转化为所需的电能、热能或冷量，实现在同一区域太阳能和辐射制冷同时叠加利用，大大提高了单位面积的能源利用率和能量密度，节省大量的土地资源和空间。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的不足，本发明提出一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，能够实现在同一区域内太阳能和辐射制冷同时叠加利用，大大提高单位面积的能源利用率和能量密度。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，包括辐射制冷系统和太阳能转换利用系统，辐射制冷系统包括辐射制冷装置和辐射冷量收集利用系统，太阳能转换利用系统包括太阳能能量转换装置和能源利用系统；
太阳能能量转换装置位于辐射制冷装置的两侧，两者构成复合结构能量转换装置，辐射制冷装置将热能转化为电磁波，向太空辐射电磁波实现制冷，同时将照射到其表面的太阳能 反射到太阳能能量转换装置，太阳能能量转换装置接收太阳光直接照射、辐射制冷装置反射的太阳光以及辐射制冷装置本体的辐射电磁波，并将其转化为电能、热能或冷量，实现同一区域太阳能和辐射制冷的叠加利用。
所述的太阳能能量转换装置包括但不限于太阳能光伏发电板、太阳能集热器、太阳能吸附制冷装置太阳能能量转换装置将接收到的太阳能转化为太阳能、热能或冷量。
所述的辐射制冷装置包括隔热罩、辐射制冷薄膜、光线反射面；辐射制冷薄膜和光线反射面由上至下构成层状结构体，置于隔热罩内，层状结构体的表面形状和角度根据光反射的要求设计，层状结构体为固定结构或软性可调结构，对于软性可调结构，配套有用于带动层状结构体在二维平面内自由移动的光线反射角度调节机构，根据不同太阳光线的入射角度，智能调节光线反射面的反射角度，将反射光全部反射至太阳能能量转换装置，以使太阳能能量转换装置最大限度地吸收太阳光线，辐射制冷薄膜将热能以光波的形式辐射到太空，实现制冷。
所述的隔热罩采用隔热保温材料制成，以防止冷量损失，上部及侧面应具备良好的透光性能，保温材料包括但不限于真空保温玻璃、保温棉
所述的辐射冷量收集利用系统包括但不限于采用循环水、循环制冷剂、循环气体、金属导热方式将辐射产生的冷量收集并输出利用。
所述的太阳能转换利用系统包括吸附床、吸附制冷管路、冷凝器、节流阀和第二水箱；吸附床为内部填充有吸附材料的吸附制冷结构，竖向布置在所述的辐射制冷装置的两侧，白天吸附床吸收光能后吸附材料中的水分蒸发，夜间吸附材料吸收水分实现制冷，吸附床通过吸附制冷管路依次经冷凝器、节流阀与第二水箱相连，第二水箱内的冷水同时通过供冷管路、第二水泵送至用户侧，实现太阳吸附制冷供冷。
所述的太阳能转换利用系统包括光伏板、电缆和电制冷机；光伏板竖向布置在所述的辐射制冷装置的两侧，产生的电能通过电缆传输至电制冷机，电制冷机产生的冷水同时通过供冷管路、第二水泵送至用户侧，实现电制冷供冷。
所述的太阳能转换利用系统包括光伏板、电缆和电能储存装置，光伏板竖向布置在所述的辐射制冷装置的两侧，产生的电能直接通过电缆输送至电能储存装置或用户侧，电能储存装置在太阳光照较强的时段储存由光伏板产生的电能，在缺少太阳光照或太阳光照较弱的时段由电储能装置单独或辅助光伏板向用户侧供电，实现供电
所述的太阳能转换利用系统包括集热器、第四水泵、第三水箱、热水管路、第五水泵和供热管路；集热器竖向布置在所述的辐射制冷装置的两侧，集热器通过热水管路、第四水泵 与第三水箱构成循环回路，第三水箱内的热水通过供热管路、第五水泵送至用户侧，实现供热。
所述的复合结构能量转换装置可采用单套使用或者多套组合使用，并与能源利用系统及辐射冷量收集利用系统一起构成复合能源利用系统。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明将辐射制冷与太阳能利用进行复合，通过创新的结构设计和运行控制，实现同一区域太阳能和辐射制冷的叠加利用，提高单位面积的能源利用率，节省大量的土地资源和空间。
2、本发明的辐射制冷薄膜和光线反射面等组件是柔性可调节结构，移动过程中辐射制冷薄膜的制冷能力不受影响，同时还确保吸附床、光伏板、集热器最大限度地吸收太阳光线，达到较好的综合能源利用效果。
3、本发明通过向低温太空辐射传热和太阳能利用的方式工作，对外界能源的需求极低，节能减排效果显著。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统的示意图；
图2是本发明实施例2的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统的示意图；
图3是本发明实施例3的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统的示意图；
图4是本发明实施例4的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统的示意图；
图5是本发明实施例5的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统的示意图；
图6是本发明实施例1的复合结构能量转换装置在太阳光线直射时的示意图；
图7是本发明实施例1的复合结构能量转换装置在太阳光线斜射时的示意图；
图8是本发明实施例1的多套复合结构能量转换装置组合布置示意图；
附图标记说明：11-辐射制冷薄膜；12-光线反射面；13-隔热罩；14-光线反射角度调节机构；15-辐射制冷循环水管路；16-第一水泵；17-第一水箱；21-吸附床；22-吸附制冷管路；23-冷凝器；24-节流阀；25-第二水箱；31-第二水泵；32-供冷管路；41-光伏板；42-电缆；43-电制冷机；44-电能储存装置；45-第三水泵；46-光伏制冷循环水管路；51-集热器；52-第四水泵；53-第三水箱；54-热水管路；55-第五水泵；56-供热管路。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明的太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，主要包括：辐射制冷系统、太阳能转换利用系统。辐射制冷系统包括辐射制冷装置和辐射冷量收集利用系统；太阳能转换利用系统包括太阳能能量转换装置和能源利用系统。
太阳能能量转换装置位于辐射制冷装置的两侧，两者构成复合结构能量转换装置，辐射制冷装置将热能转化为电磁波，向太空辐射电磁波实现制冷，同时将照射到其表面的太阳能反射到太阳能能量转换装置，太阳能能量转换装置接收太阳光直接照射、辐射制冷装置反射的太阳光以及辐射制冷装置本体的辐射电磁波，并将其转化为电能、热能或冷量等可利用能源，该复合结构能量转换装置，可实现同一区域太阳能和辐射制冷的叠加利用，提高单位面积的能源利用率。复合结构能量转换装置可采用单套使用或者多套组合使用，并与能源利用系统及辐射冷量收集系统一起构成复合能源利用系统。
实施例1
如图1所示，本实施例的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，包括辐射制冷系统和太阳能转换利用系统。
辐射制冷系统包括辐射制冷装置和辐射冷量收集利用系统；辐射制冷装置主要包括：辐射制冷薄膜11、光线反射面12、隔热罩13、光线反射角度调节机构14；辐射冷量收集利用系统主要包括：辐射制冷循环水管路15、第一水泵16、第一水箱17、第二水泵31和供冷管路32。
太阳能转换利用系统包括太阳能能量转换装置和能源利用系统；太阳能能量转换装置采用太阳能吸附制冷装置，主要包括：吸附床21、吸附制冷管路22、冷凝器23、节流阀24和第二水箱25。能源利用系统主要包括：第二水箱25、第二水泵31和供冷管路32。
太阳能吸附制冷装置的吸附床21位于辐射制冷装置的两侧，辐射制冷装置向太空辐射电磁波制冷的同时将照射到其表面的太阳能反射到吸附床21，吸附床21接收太阳光直接照射、辐射制冷装置反射的太阳光以及辐射制冷装置本体的辐射电磁波，并将其转化为冷能。
辐射制冷薄膜11、光线反射面12由上至下构成层状结构体，置于隔热罩13内，层状结构体的表面形状(平面、曲面、多边形等)和角度根据光反射的要求设计，层状结构可以是固定形状，也可以是软性可调形状，对于软性可调形状，增设光线反射角度调节机构14，用于带动柔性结构在二维平面内的自由移动，根据不同太阳光线的入射角度，智能调节光线反射面12的反射角度，将反射光全部反射至吸附床21，以使太阳能吸附制冷装置最大限度地 吸收太阳光线(如图6和图7所示)。辐射制冷薄膜11将热能以电磁波的形式辐射到太空，实现制冷。
隔热罩13采用隔热保温材料制成，以防止冷量损失，上部及侧面采用透光性能好的真空玻璃进行隔热，下部采用保温棉进行隔热。
辐射冷量收集利用系统收集辐射制冷薄膜11产生的冷量并通过辐射制冷循环水管路15、第一水泵16输送至第一水箱17，并通过供冷管路32、第二水泵31送至用户侧，实现辐射冷量的收集输出利用。
容易理解的是，辐射冷量收集利用系统包括但不限于采用循环水、循环制冷剂、循环气体、金属导热方式将辐射制冷薄膜产生的冷量收集并输出利用。
吸附床21为内部填充有吸附材料的吸附制冷结构，竖向布置在辐射制冷装置的两侧，白天吸附床21吸收光能后吸附材料中的水分蒸发，水蒸气流经冷凝器23和节流阀24后被冷凝为常温水，常温水流入第二水箱25储存，在此过程中，吸附床21内水分含量逐渐减少至极低水平；夜间吸附材料吸收吸附制冷管路22内水蒸气，在水蒸气压差驱动下，第二水箱25内液态水逐渐蒸发进入吸附床21，蒸发过程吸热使得第二水箱25内水温逐渐降低至较低的温度，实现制冷。吸附床21通过吸附制冷管路22依次经冷凝器23、节流阀24与第二水箱25相连，第二水箱25内的冷水同时通过供冷管路32、第二水泵31送至用户侧，实现太阳吸附制冷供冷。
如图8所示，辐射制冷装置和太阳能吸附制冷装置构成的复合装置采用多套组合布置，以增加辐射制冷的热辐射面积和吸附式制冷的受光面积，最终提高能源利用率。
实施例2
如图2所示，本实施例的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，辐射制冷系统同实施例1，太阳能转换利用系统采用光伏制冷系统，主要包括：光伏板41、电缆42、电制冷机43、电能储存装置44。
光伏板41位于辐射制冷装置的两侧，辐射制冷装置向太空辐射电磁波制冷的同时将照射到其表面的太阳能反射到光伏板41，光伏板41接收太阳光直接照射、辐射制冷装置反射的太阳光以及辐射制冷装置本体的辐射电磁波，并将其转化为电能。光伏板41产生的电能通过电缆42传输至电制冷机43和电能储存装置44。
与实施例1类似，辐射制冷系统的光线反射面12能够反射太阳光线至光伏制冷系统的光伏板41，实现太阳能的充分利用。
光伏制冷系统的电能分配具有以下两种形式：直接供电模式和储能供电模式。直接供电 模式中，光伏板41在接受到太阳光照射后产生电能，直接通过电缆42输送至电制冷机43，确保电制冷机43正常制冷运行。储能供电模式中，电能储存装置44辅助直接供电模式供电，当太阳光照较强的时段储存由光伏板41产生的多余电能，在缺少太阳光照或太阳光照较弱的时段(夜间、雨天等)补充不足电能，此外，电能储存装置44也可直接单独对电制冷机43供电。
与实施例1不同之处，能源利用系统中，电制冷机43与第一水箱17串联，第二水泵31抽取用户侧高温回水分别进入第一水箱17、电制冷机43，水温得到大幅降低，低温水然后被输送至用户实现供冷。
与实施例1类似，辐射制冷系统和光伏制冷系统可采用多套系统组合布置，以增加辐射制冷的热辐射面积和光伏制冷的受光面积，提高能源利用率。
实施例3
如图3所示，本实施例的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，辐射制冷系统同实施例1，太阳能转换利用系统采用光伏发电系统，主要包括：光伏板41、电缆42、电能储存装置44。光伏板41产生的电能直接通过电缆42输送至电能储存装置44或用户侧，电能储存装置44在太阳光照较强的时段储存由光伏板41产生的电能，在缺少太阳光照或太阳光照较弱的时段由电能储存装置44单独或辅助光伏板41向用户侧供电，实现供电。
实施例4
如图4所示，本实施例的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，与实施例2的不同之处在于：取消电能储存装置44，电制冷机43不直接供冷，而是通过第三水泵45、光伏制冷循环水管路46与第一水箱17构成循环回路。
电制冷机43和第三水泵45运转过程中使第一水箱17内水温进一步降低，第一水箱17兼做光伏制冷系统产生的冷能的蓄存装置，在缺少太阳光照或太阳光照较弱时利用第一水箱17持续供冷。
实施例5
如图5所示，本实施例的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，辐射制冷系统同实施例1，太阳能转换利用系统采用光热系统，主要包括集热器51、第四水泵52、第三水箱53、热水管路54、第五水泵55和供热管路56。
集热器51竖向布置在辐射制冷装置的两侧，辐射制冷装置向太空辐射电磁波制冷的同时将照射到其表面的太阳能反射到集热器51，集热器51接收太阳光直接照射、辐射制冷装置反射的太阳光以及辐射制冷装置本体的辐射电磁波，并将其转化为热能。
集热器51通过热水管路54、第四水泵52与第三水箱53构成循环回路。集热器51吸收光照后逐渐升温，在第四水泵52的循环带动下，第三水箱53内水温逐渐升高。第五水泵55则通过供热管路56将第三水箱53内热水送至用户实现供热。
上述实施例只是为了说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的是在于让本领域内的普通技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明内容的实质所做出的等效的变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：包括辐射制冷系统和太阳能转换利用系统，辐射制冷系统包括辐射制冷装置和辐射冷量收集利用系统，太阳能转换利用系统包括太阳能能量转换装置和能源利用系统；
    太阳能能量转换装置位于辐射制冷装置的两侧，两者构成复合结构能量转换装置，辐射制冷装置将热能转化为电磁波，向太空辐射电磁波实现制冷，同时将照射到其表面的太阳能反射到太阳能能量转换装置，太阳能能量转换装置接收太阳光直接照射、辐射制冷装置反射的太阳光以及辐射制冷装置本体的辐射电磁波，并将其转化为电能、热能或冷量，实现同一区域太阳能和辐射制冷的叠加利用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：所述的太阳能能量转换装置包括但不限于太阳能光伏发电板、太阳能集热器、太阳能吸附制冷装置，太阳能能量转换装置将接收到的太阳能转化为太阳能、热能或冷量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：所述的辐射制冷装置包括隔热罩、辐射制冷薄膜、光线反射面；
    辐射制冷薄膜和光线反射面由上至下构成层状结构体，置于隔热罩内，层状结构体的表面形状和角度根据光反射的要求设计，层状结构体为固定结构或软性可调结构，对于软性可调结构，配套有用于带动层状结构体在二维平面内自由移动的光线反射角度调节机构，根据不同太阳光线的入射角度，智能调节光线反射面的反射角度，将反射光全部反射至太阳能能量转换装置，以使太阳能能量转换装置最大限度地吸收太阳光线，辐射制冷薄膜将热能以光波的形式辐射到太空，实现制冷。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：所述的隔热罩采用隔热保温材料制成，以防止冷量损失，上部及侧面应具备良好的透光性能，保温材料包括但不限于真空保温玻璃、保温棉。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：所述的辐射冷量收集利用系统包括但不限于采用循环水、循环制冷剂、循环气体、金属导热方式将辐射制冷薄膜产生的冷量收集并输出利用。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：所述的太阳能转换利用系统包括吸附床、吸附制冷管路、冷凝器、节流阀和第二水箱；
    吸附床为内部填充有吸附材料的吸附制冷结构，竖向布置在所述的辐射制冷装置的两侧，白天吸附床吸收光能后吸附材料中的水分蒸发，夜间吸附材料吸收水分实现制冷，吸附床通 过吸附制冷管路依次经冷凝器、节流阀与第二水箱相连，第二水箱内的冷水同时通过供冷管路、第二水泵送至用户侧，实现太阳吸附制冷供冷。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：所述的太阳能转换利用系统包括光伏板、电缆和电制冷机；光伏板竖向布置在所述的辐射制冷装置的两侧，产生的电能通过电缆传输至电制冷机，电制冷机产生的冷水同时通过供冷管路、第二水泵送至用户侧，实现电制冷供冷。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：所述的太阳能转换利用系统包括光伏板、电缆和电能储存装置，光伏板竖向布置在所述的辐射制冷装置的两侧，产生的电能直接通过电缆输送至电能储存装置或用户侧，电能储存装置在太阳光照较强的时段储存由光伏板产生的电能，在缺少太阳光照或太阳光照较弱的时段由电储能装置单独或辅助光伏板向用户侧供电，实现供电。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：所述的太阳能转换利用系统包括集热器、第四水泵、第三水箱、热水管路、第五水泵和供热管路；集热器竖向布置在所述的辐射制冷装置的两侧，集热器通过热水管路、第四水泵与第三水箱构成循环回路，第三水箱内的热水通过供热管路、第五水泵送至用户侧，实现供热。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能利用与辐射制冷复合系统，其特征在于：所述的复合结构能量转换装置可采用单套使用或者多套组合使用，并与能源利用系统及辐射冷量收集利用系统一起构成复合能源利用系统。
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