WO2021248716A1 - 冷却系统及风力发电机组 - Google Patents

冷却系统及风力发电机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021248716A1
WO2021248716A1 PCT/CN2020/114011 CN2020114011W WO2021248716A1 WO 2021248716 A1 WO2021248716 A1 WO 2021248716A1 CN 2020114011 W CN2020114011 W CN 2020114011W WO 2021248716 A1 WO2021248716 A1 WO 2021248716A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
branch
water supply
supply pipe
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/114011
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王丁会
李金梦
刘军卫
Original Assignee
新疆金风科技股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 新疆金风科技股份有限公司
Priority to US17/997,822 priority Critical patent/US11885310B2/en
Priority to AU2020452476A priority patent/AU2020452476B2/en
Priority to EP20940343.5A priority patent/EP4130469A4/en
Priority to CA3178217A priority patent/CA3178217A1/en
Priority to BR112022023384A priority patent/BR112022023384A2/pt
Publication of WO2021248716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021248716A1/zh
Priority to ZA2022/11794A priority patent/ZA202211794B/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
    • F01P7/165—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control characterised by systems with two or more loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/80—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
    • F16C37/007—Cooling of bearings of rolling bearings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/16—Water cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
    • H05K7/20927—Liquid coolant without phase change
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
    • H05K7/20945—Thermal management, e.g. inverter temperature control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/205—Cooling fluid recirculation, i.e. after having cooled one or more components the cooling fluid is recovered and used elsewhere for other purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/232—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling characterised by the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular to a cooling system and a wind power generating set.
  • An object of the present application is to provide a cooling system and a wind power generator, which can realize fault-tolerant operation of two cooling subsystems and reduce the failure rate of the system.
  • the cooling system includes two cooling sub-systems thermally coupled to each other.
  • Each cooling sub-system includes: a first cooling circuit for cooling the first heat-generating component, and The second cooling circuit of the second heating component, the third cooling circuit for cooling the third heating component, the fourth cooling circuit for cooling the fourth heating component, the pump station unit and the heat dissipation unit; the first cooling circuit and the fourth cooling circuit
  • the cooling circuit is connected in parallel to form a first branch, the second cooling circuit and the third cooling circuit are connected in parallel to form a second branch, the first branch and the second branch are connected in parallel, and are connected to the pump station unit and the heat dissipation unit.
  • the present application also provides a wind power generator set, including: a first heating component, including at least one of a bearing and a pitch mechanism; a second heating component, including at least one of a nacelle and a nacelle cabinet;
  • the third heat-generating component includes at least one of a converter and a transformer; the fourth heat-generating component includes a generator; and any of the aforementioned cooling systems.
  • the cooling system and wind turbine generator provided by this application integrate the cooling of the whole machine into two cooling sub-systems thermally coupled with each other to realize the fault-tolerant operation function, even if one of the cooling sub-systems completely fails, the other cooling sub-system It can still meet the cooling demand of more than 75% of the unit's capacity.
  • Each cooling subsystem integrates the first cooling circuit, the second cooling circuit, the third cooling circuit, and the fourth cooling circuit corresponding to each heat-generating component into one system, and the pump station unit is used as the cooling subsystem of each cooling subsystem.
  • the core power unit provides power for each cooling subsystem.
  • the direct circuit setting and the circulation setting of the cooling unit are carried out, which simplify the layout of the pipeline without having a major impact on the temperature rise of the cooling medium of the entire system. Reduce the number of heat-dissipating components and increase the utilization rate of the system's cooling capacity. It realizes fault-tolerant operation of multiple systems while meeting the heat dissipation requirements, reducing the failure rate of the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified structural diagram of a cooling system of a wind power generator set according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pump station unit in the cooling system shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another pump station unit in the cooling system shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cooling circuit in the cooling system shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cooling circuit in the cooling system shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a third cooling circuit in the cooling system shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth cooling circuit in the cooling system shown in FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling side in the cooling system shown in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another cooling side in the cooling system shown in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat dissipation unit in the cooling system shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fourth cooling circuit 4 fourth water supply pipe 41; fourth water return pipe 42; cooling side 43; fourth fluid branch 431; fourth radiator 432; fourth regulating valve VV4; fourth temperature sensor TT4; fourth flow Sensor FF4; fourth valve V4; fourth drain valve LV4; fourth exhaust valve AV4; fourth pressure monitoring device P4; two-way shut-off valve DV;
  • Pump station unit 5 pump group 53; main water supply pipe 51; first main water supply pipe 511; second main water supply pipe 512; main return water pipe 52; pump body Pu; pump body regulating valve PV; check valve SV; voltage stabilization Device SP; pump body exhaust valve AV; filter Fi; safety device SF; total flow sensor FF; total temperature sensor TT; total pressure monitoring device P; total valve V; drain valve LV;
  • the E-TOP layout structure generator, shafting, pitch mechanism, nacelle cabinet, converter cabinet, transformer and other heating components are all arranged in the engine room
  • the fault-tolerant control logic of each cooling subsystem is complicated, resulting in an increase in the failure rate of the entire system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to cool the heating components of the wind turbine
  • the overall layout and structure of the subsystem are optimized, and a dual cooling system for fault-tolerant operation is set up to improve the maintenance-free performance of large-capacity offshore units.
  • the purpose of this application is to construct an integrated dual-system centralized fault-tolerant cooling system for wind turbines, which is especially suitable for offshore high-power permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbines.
  • the centralized cooling system of this application can also be used, that is, it can be The actual position of the heating components adopts the same layout idea to lay out the respective cooling subsystems, and the overall layout of the cooling subsystems of each heating component is optimized.
  • the cooling system and the wind power generator of the embodiment of the application will be described in detail below with reference to Figs. 1-10.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a wind power generator set, including: a first heating component 100, a second heating component 200, a third heating component 300, a fourth heating component 400, and a cooling system.
  • the cooling system is used to cool each
  • the first heat-generating component 100 is a combination of components with a small amount of heat, and its heat dissipation loss is also small.
  • the first heat generating component 100 includes at least one of a bearing and a pitch mechanism. Due to the similarity of the placement of the bearing and the pitch mechanism, the heat dissipation subsystem of each heating component can be integrated into a cooling circuit or several parallel cooling branches in an integrated manner to meet the heat dissipation requirements of each heating component.
  • the second heating component 200 is a combination of components that generate less heat, and its heat dissipation loss is also small.
  • the second heat generating component 200 includes at least one of a nacelle and a nacelle cabinet.
  • the nacelle and the nacelle cabinet have similar cooling principles to the bearing and the pitch mechanism. According to the different arrangement positions of the heat dissipation components, the cooling circuit is set in form It's different.
  • the third heat-generating component 300 is a combination of components that generate a large amount of heat.
  • the third heating component 300 includes at least one of a converter and a transformer.
  • the heat dissipation loss of the converter and the transformer is relatively large, and the heat dissipation of each third heating component 300 can be integrated into a cooling circuit or multiple parallel cooling branches in an integrated manner to meet the heat dissipation requirements of each third heating component 300 .
  • the fourth heat-generating component 400 is a combination of components that generate the largest amount of heat.
  • the fourth heat generating component 400 includes a generator.
  • the fourth heating component 400 has the largest heat dissipation loss and the largest demand for cooling capacity, and the increase or decrease of the heat dissipation loss of the third heating component 300 is proportional to the heat dissipation loss of the fourth heating component 400 taking the generator as an example, that is, the two are opposite run.
  • the cooling combination and cooling circuit configuration of the heat-generating components such as the transformer, converter, bearing, pitch mechanism, generator, nacelle, etc., as described above, can be based on the actual amount of heat generated by each heat-generating component, The layout of the actual engine room is combined and arranged.
  • the above-mentioned integration of transformers and converters in one cooling circuit or multiple cooling branches, and the integration of bearings and pitches in one cooling circuit or multiple cooling branches are only examples of combinations.
  • corresponding combinations or similar settings can be flexibly carried out according to different engine room layouts.
  • the embodiment of the present application uses the first cooling circuit 1 for cooling the first heat-generating component 100 (that is, the bearing and pitch cooling system), and the second cooling circuit for cooling the second heat-generating component 200 (that is, the cabin cooling system).
  • Cooling circuit 2 the third cooling circuit 3 for cooling the third heating component 300 (i.e. converter and transformer cooling system), the fourth cooling circuit 4 for cooling the fourth heating component 400 (i.e. generator cooling system) Take it as an example.
  • a cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application includes two cooling subsystems S thermally coupled to each other, and each cooling subsystem S includes: a first cooling circuit 1 for cooling a first heat-generating component 100
  • the second cooling circuit of the second heating component 200 the third cooling circuit 3 for cooling the third heating component 300
  • the fourth cooling circuit 4 for cooling the fourth heating component 400
  • the pump station unit 5 the heat dissipation unit 6 .
  • the first heat-generating component 100 and the second heat-generating component 200 generate the smallest amount of heat
  • the fourth heat-generating component 400 has the largest amount of heat
  • the third heat-generating component 300 has a heat-generating amount between the first and fourth heat-generating components 100 and 400, respectively. Between the calorific value.
  • the first cooling circuit 1 and the fourth cooling circuit 4 are connected in parallel to form a first branch
  • the second cooling circuit 2 and the third cooling circuit 3 are connected in parallel to form a second branch
  • the first branch and the second branch are connected in parallel.
  • the cooling capacity provided by each cooling sub-system S when operating alone accounts for more than 75% of the cooling capacity provided during the running of the entire cooling system.
  • the cooling system adopts two cooling subsystems S to realize the heat dissipation of the entire wind turbine. Since a single cooling subsystem S operates, the temperature difference between the cooling medium at the inlet and outlet of the radiator is the largest, and the heat dissipation efficiency can be maximized. Therefore, a single cooling The operating efficiency of the subsystem S exceeds 50% of the operating efficiency of the two cooling subsystems S. Even after one cooling subsystem S fails, the other cooling subsystem S can fully realize more than 75% of the heat dissipation capacity of the unit.
  • the cooling system integrates the cooling of the whole machine into two cooling subsystems S thermally coupled with each other, and realizes the fault-tolerant operation function. Even if one of the cooling subsystems S fails, the other cooling subsystem S can still meet the cooling demand of more than 75% of the unit's capacity.
  • Each cooling subsystem S integrates the first cooling circuit 1, the second cooling circuit 2, the third cooling circuit 3, and the fourth cooling circuit 4 corresponding to each heating component into a pump station unit 5, and integrates the pump station Unit 5 serves as the core power unit of each cooling subsystem S, and provides power for each cooling subsystem S.
  • the direct circuit setting and the circulation setting into the heat dissipation unit 6 are carried out to simplify the layout of the pipeline without having a major impact on the temperature rise of the cooling medium of the entire system , Reduce the number of heat dissipating parts and improve the utilization rate of the system's cooling capacity. It realizes fault-tolerant operation of multiple systems while meeting the heat dissipation requirements, reducing the failure rate of the system.
  • the pump station unit 5 serves as the core power unit of each cooling subsystem S and provides power for the entire cooling subsystem S.
  • the pump station unit 5 includes a pump group 53, a main water supply pipe 51 and a main return water pipe 52, and the main water supply pipe 51 includes a first main water supply pipe 511 and a second main water supply pipe 512.
  • the pump group 53 is used to provide cooling medium for the first cooling circuit 1, the second cooling circuit 2, the third cooling circuit 3 and the fourth cooling circuit 4.
  • the cooling medium may be a liquid medium such as water and oil.
  • the first cooling circuit 1 and the fourth cooling circuit 4 are connected in parallel to form a first branch
  • the second cooling circuit 2 and the third cooling circuit 3 are connected in parallel to form a second branch.
  • the cooling medium enters the first main water supply pipe 511 and the second main water supply pipe 512 through the main water supply pipe 51 and the pump unit 53 respectively.
  • the cooling medium enters the first branch through the first main water supply pipe 511, and the cooling medium passes through the second main water supply pipe.
  • the pipe 512 enters the second branch, flows through the heat dissipation unit 5 and then flows back into the pump group 53 through the main return pipe 52.
  • the pump station unit 5 of each cooling subsystem S divides the main water supply pipe 51 into two branch roads, the first main water supply pipe 511 and the second main water supply pipe 512, so as to ensure the stability of the system's water supply.
  • the pump group 53 and the first main water supply pipe 511 provide cooling medium to the first cooling circuit 1 and the second cooling circuit 2 respectively, and the second main water supply pipe 512 provides cooling to the second cooling circuit 2 and the third cooling circuit 3 respectively.
  • the temperature of the cooling medium after the temperature rises after flowing through the heat dissipation unit 6 is lowered, and it flows back to the pump station unit 5 through the main return pipe 52 to complete a closed circuit.
  • each cooling circuit is connected in parallel twice to allow the cooling medium to flow from the pump station unit 5 into each cooling subsystem, which can reduce the repeated arrangement of parallel pipelines and increase the flow of cooling medium into each cooling sub-system.
  • the efficiency of the system reduces the system capacity.
  • Fig. 2 shows a specific structure of a pump station unit in the cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the pump station unit 5 includes a pump set 53, various functional valves, various sensors, voltage stabilizing devices, safety devices, and filters to realize the normal, stable, and maintainable operation of the entire cooling system.
  • the pump set 53 includes a pump body Pu, and the cooling of the entire set is a fault-tolerant form of multiple systems and single pump sets.
  • the pump unit 53 can adopt high and low speed control, frequency conversion control or both fault-tolerant control, to improve the fault-tolerance of the system and effective energy-saving strategies.
  • the pump body Pu is provided with an exhaust valve AV to exhaust gas during system operation, thereby protecting the safe operation of the pump group 53.
  • the outlet of the pump body Pu is respectively provided with a check valve SV to protect the pump body Pu;
  • the inlet of the pump body Pu is provided with a pump body regulating valve PV, when the pump body Pu leaks, the pump body regulating valve PV is quickly closed;
  • the corresponding pump body Pu is cut off through the check valve SV and the pump body regulating valve PV. If the pump body Pu is not mechanically sealed, the setting of the pump body regulating valve PV can be omitted.
  • a filter Fi is provided at the inlet of the pump group 53 to ensure the cleanliness of the system.
  • the filter Fi has a drainage function and can be used as a local drainage point of the pump group 53.
  • a voltage stabilizing device SP is provided on the main water return pipe 55, which is used for the system to generate an alarm and cause damage to the system due to system pressure fluctuations caused by temperature changes, and can be in the form of a high-level water tank or an expansion tank.
  • the outlet of the pump set 53 is provided with a safety device SF, which relieves the pressure when the system exceeds a certain pressure to achieve protection.
  • the safety device SF can be removed.
  • the inlet and outlet of the pump group 53 are respectively provided with a total pressure monitoring device P; optionally, the total pressure detecting device P includes a total pressure transmitter and a total pressure display device, and the total pressure transmitter is used for local and Remote monitoring of system operation status, total pressure display device for local liquid injection and operation and maintenance observation.
  • the total pressure detecting device P includes a total pressure transmitter and a total pressure display device, and the total pressure transmitter is used for local and Remote monitoring of system operation status, total pressure display device for local liquid injection and operation and maintenance observation.
  • the first main water supply pipe 511, the second main water supply pipe 512, and the main return water pipe 52 are respectively provided with a main valve V.
  • the pumping station unit 5 can be cut out, which is convenient for the replacement and maintenance of the parts and sensors on the pumping station unit 5.
  • the first main water supply pipe 511 and the second main water supply pipe 512 are respectively provided with a drain valve LV, which can realize the draining of the equipment and pipelines on each cooling circuit.
  • the inlet of the pump set 53 is provided with a total flow sensor FF, and the outlet of the pump set 53 is provided with a total temperature sensor TT.
  • the total temperature sensor TT is used as the value of the inlet temperature of each cooling circuit, combined with the temperature sensor set on each cooling circuit and the heat dissipation unit 6, and the flow sensor set on each cooling branch, it is convenient to calculate the actual heat dissipation loss of each cooling circuit in the logic control process Therefore, in combination with parameters such as ambient temperature, unit load, system flow, etc., statistics of each cooling circuit and the entire internal logic of the system are beneficial to the optimization of system control logic and the optimization of component selection.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of another pump station unit in the cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the pumping station unit 5 is similar to the pumping station unit 5 shown in Fig. 2, except that the pumping unit 53 includes at least two pump bodies Pu arranged in parallel, and the cooling of the entire unit is a fault-tolerant form of multiple systems and multiple pump groups. That is to say, the fault tolerance of key components such as multiple pump sets can also be realized when the fault tolerance of multiple systems is realized.
  • Each cooling subsystem S is equipped with at least two pump bodies Pu running in parallel, and can also be partially operated and partially standby. Energy saving and fault tolerance can be achieved after comprehensive consideration of space layout size, system capacity, reliability and cost performance. Operation, that is, after one pump body Pu fails, the remaining pump bodies Pu can still meet all or more than 75% of the performance of the system.
  • the pump unit 53 can adopt fixed frequency operation, high and low speed operation, variable frequency operation or at least two pump bodies Pu fault-tolerant operation and other control methods to meet the cold load operation requirements of the entire wind turbine generator and improve System fault tolerance and effective energy-saving strategy.
  • the first cooling circuit 1 includes a first fluid pipeline, and the first water supply pipe 11 of the first fluid pipeline is in communication with the first main water supply pipe 511.
  • the fourth cooling circuit 4 includes a fourth fluid pipeline.
  • the fourth water supply pipe 41 of the fourth fluid pipeline communicates with the first main water supply pipe 511, and the fourth water return pipe 42 of the fourth fluid pipeline communicates with the first cooling circuit 1
  • the first return pipe 12 is in communication.
  • the fourth water return pipe 42 of the fourth cooling circuit 4 enters the heat dissipation unit 6 and is connected to the main water return pipe 52.
  • the second cooling circuit 2 includes a second fluid pipeline, and the second water supply pipe 21 of the second fluid pipeline is in communication with the second main water supply pipe 512.
  • the third cooling circuit 3 includes a third fluid pipeline, the third water supply pipe 31 of the third fluid pipeline communicates with the second main water supply pipe 512, and the third return water pipe 32 of the third fluid pipeline is connected to the second fluid pipeline.
  • the second return pipe 22 is in communication.
  • the third water return pipe 32 of the third cooling circuit 3 enters the heat dissipation unit 6 and communicates with the main water return pipe 52.
  • FIG. 4 shows the specific structure of the first cooling circuit 1.
  • the first cooling circuit 1 is a bearing and pitch mechanism cooling system, including a first fluid pipeline, at least two first branch radiators 111 connected in parallel for cooling at least two first heating components 100, and also includes a variety of Functional valves and various sensors are used to realize the normal, stable and maintainable operation of the first cooling circuit 1.
  • the cooling medium flows into the first water supply pipe 11 through the first main water supply pipe 511 of the pump station unit 5, and is transported to at least two parallel first branch heat exchangers 111, each branch heat exchanger and each first heating component After 100 heat exchange, it flows to the first water return pipe 12 and then flows to the fourth water return pipe 42 of the fourth cooling circuit 4.
  • the first fluid pipeline of the first cooling circuit 1 includes at least two first fluid branches 11a corresponding to at least two first heating components 100, and each first fluid branch 11a is provided with The first branch radiator 111 and the first branch regulating valve VV1, the first branch temperature sensor TT1 and the first branch flow sensor FF1 are arranged downstream of the first fluid branch 11a.
  • At least one of the first water supply pipe 11, the first water return pipe 12, and the inlet and the outlet of each first branch radiator 111 is provided with a first valve V1.
  • each first fluid branch 11a and each first branch radiator 111 is provided with a first drain valve LV1.
  • each first branch radiator 111 is further provided with a first exhaust valve AV1, respectively.
  • the inlet and outlet of each first branch radiator 111 are respectively provided with a first pressure monitoring device P1.
  • the first pressure monitoring device P1 includes a pressure transmitter and a pressure display device.
  • the first cooling circuit 1 passes through the first main water supply pipe 511 on the pump station unit 5 and enters the first water supply pipe 11 along the first water supply pipe 11 respectively.
  • a fluid branch 11a such as the upper cooling branch in FIG. 4, and a first fluid branch 11a for cooling the pitch mechanism, such as the lower cooling branch in FIG. Since the first fluid branch 11a of the cooling pitch mechanism is similar in principle to the first fluid branch 11a of the cooling bearing, the following takes the first fluid branch 11a of the cooling bearing as an example, the first fluid branch of the cooling pitch mechanism 11a Provide an appropriate explanation.
  • the first branch radiator 111 provided on the first fluid branch 11a of the cooling bearing can be an air-water radiator, direct liquid cooling, the first branch radiator 111 is provided with a first exhaust valve AV1 and a first row
  • the liquid valve LV1 facilitates the filling and exhausting and drainage of the first fluid branch 11a and the first branch radiator 111.
  • the first pressure monitoring device P1 is provided at the front and rear of the first branch radiator 111, so that the pressure of the first fluid branch 11a of the cooling bearing can be effectively monitored locally and remotely.
  • the first fluid branch 11a is provided with a first drain valve LV1 to facilitate the drain operation on the first fluid branch 11a.
  • the first branch temperature sensor TT1 and the first branch flow sensor FF1 are provided on the first fluid branch 11a. At the same time, combined with the total temperature sensor TT on the pump station unit 5, the actual value of each first fluid branch 11a can be obtained. Heat dissipation, through data statistics and analysis, can effectively obtain the logical relationship between environmental boundaries, unit load, electric valve opening and other factors, which can effectively improve the optimization of various heat dissipation components and pump units and the logical control of the unit.
  • the first branch regulating valve VV1 is set on the first fluid branch 11a of the cooling bearing, and the frequency conversion modulation or the frequency modulation of the fan on the first branch radiator 111 is controlled according to the target temperature value of the bearing.
  • the first branch regulates the opening of the valve VV1, so as to realize the energy saving of the system while ensuring that the heat dissipation requirements are met.
  • the first branch radiator 111 used to cool the pitch mechanism can be an oil-water cooling radiator or other forms of radiators.
  • the components and sensors provided on the first branch radiator 111 and the first cooling bearing are The branch radiator 111 is similar and will not be repeated here.
  • the first valves V1 respectively provided on the first water supply pipe 11 and the first water return pipe 12 can realize the replacement and maintenance of the parts and sensors on the entire first cooling circuit 1 by opening and closing the first valve V1.
  • the return water branches of each first fluid branch 11a for cooling the bearing and for cooling the pitch mechanism merge together and enter the first return water pipe 12, and finally enter the fourth cooling circuit 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows the specific structure of the second cooling circuit 2.
  • the second cooling circuit 2 is a cabin cooling system, which includes a second fluid pipeline, a second radiator 23 for cooling the second heat-generating component 200, and also includes various functional valves and various sensors to realize the second cooling circuit 2 The normal, stable and maintainable operation of the system.
  • the cooling medium flows into the second water supply pipe 21 through the second main water supply pipe 512 of the pumping station unit 5, and is transported to the second heat exchanger 23. After the second heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat with the second heating component 200, it flows to the first The second water return pipe 22 then merges with the third return water pipe 32 of the third cooling circuit 3.
  • the second fluid pipeline of the second cooling circuit 2 is provided with a second radiator 23, and the second return pipe 22 is provided with a second regulating valve VV2, a second temperature sensor TT2, and a second flow sensor FF2.
  • the measurement values of the second temperature sensor TT2 and the second flow sensor FF2 are monitored, and the flow rate of the second fluid pipeline is adjusted by controlling the opening of the second regulating valve VV2 according to the target temperature value of the second heating component 200.
  • the second water supply pipe 21 and the second water return pipe 22 are respectively provided with a second valve V2.
  • the second water return pipe 22 and/or the second radiator 23 are respectively provided with a second drain valve LV2.
  • the second radiator 23 is further provided with a second exhaust valve AV2.
  • the second water supply pipe 21 and the second water return pipe 22 are respectively provided with a second pressure monitoring device P2.
  • the second pressure monitoring device P2 includes a pressure transmitter and a pressure display device.
  • the second cooling circuit 2 enters the second radiator 23 along the second water supply pipe 21 through the second main water supply pipe 512 on the pump station unit 5.
  • the principle and diagram The first fluid branch 11a of the cooling bearing in 4 is similar.
  • the second radiator 23 can be an air-water radiator, or other forms of radiator, which can be configured according to actual needs.
  • the second radiator 23 is provided with a second exhaust valve AV2 and a second drain valve LV2 to facilitate the filling and exhausting and draining of the second fluid pipeline.
  • the second return pipe 22 is provided with a second temperature sensor TT2 and a second flow sensor FF2, combined with the total temperature sensor TT in the pump station unit 5, through data statistics and analysis, it can be known that the heat dissipation of the second fluid pipeline varies with the environmental boundary , Unit load, system flow, etc.
  • a second pressure monitoring device P2 is provided at the front and rear of the second radiator 23, so that the pressure of the second fluid pipeline can be effectively monitored locally and remotely, so that the system resistance caused by the second fluid pipeline can be known.
  • the second water return pipe 22 is provided with a second exhaust valve AV2. By closing the second water supply pipe 21 and the second valve V2 on the second water return pipe 22, the replacement and maintenance of equipment, sensors, etc. on the second fluid pipe can be realized.
  • FIG. 6 shows the specific structure of the third cooling circuit 3.
  • the third cooling circuit 3 is a converter and transformer cooling system, including a third fluid pipeline, a valve block unit 33, each third branch radiator 332 for cooling each third heating component 300, and also includes an integrated valve
  • the multiple functional valves and multiple sensors of the block unit 33 realize the normal, stable and maintainable operation of the third cooling circuit 3.
  • the cooling medium flows into the third water supply pipe 31 through the second main water supply pipe 512 of the pump station unit 5, and is delivered to each third branch radiator 332 through the valve block unit 33.
  • Each third branch radiator 332 and the corresponding first After the heat exchange of the three heating components 300, they merge to the third return pipe 32, and the second return pipe 22 of the second cooling circuit 2 also merges to the third return pipe 32.
  • the third fluid pipeline of the third cooling circuit 3 includes at least two third fluid branches 331 corresponding to at least two third heating components 300 one-to-one, and at least two third fluid branches 331 are integrated in In the valve block unit 33, each third fluid branch 331 is provided with a third branch radiator 332, a third branch regulating valve VV3 located downstream of the third fluid branch 331, a third branch temperature sensor TT3, and a third branch temperature sensor TT3.
  • Branch flow sensor FF3 Monitor the measurement values of the third branch temperature sensor TT3 and the third branch flow sensor FF3, and adjust each third fluid by controlling the opening of each third branch regulating valve VV3 according to the target temperature value of the third heating component 300 The flow of branch 331.
  • At least one of the third water supply pipe 31 and the third water return pipe 32, the outlet of the valve block unit 33, and the downstream of each third fluid branch 331 is provided with a third valve V3.
  • At least one of the at least one third fluid branch 331, the valve block unit 33, and each third branch radiator 332 is provided with a third drain valve LV3.
  • at least one of the valve block unit 33 and each third branch radiator 332 is further provided with a third exhaust valve AV3.
  • a third pressure monitoring device P3 is provided downstream of the valve block unit 33 and/or each third fluid branch 331, respectively.
  • the third pressure monitoring device P3 includes a pressure transmitter and a pressure display device.
  • the third cooling circuit 3 realizes the integration of sensors and the branching of at least two third fluid branches 331 through the arrangement of the valve block unit 33, thereby realizing centralized design and modular design.
  • the integration of the third heating component 300 as a converter or a transformer is taken as an example. According to the actual spatial layout, due to the system capacity and the length of the pipeline arrangement, the integrated design of different third fluid branches 331 can be performed.
  • the cooling medium enters the valve block unit 33 through the second main water supply pipe 512.
  • the third water supply pipe 31 in the valve block unit 33 is divided into two third fluid branches 331, which are respectively used for Cooling transformers and converters.
  • the outlet of the valve block unit 33 and the downstream of each third fluid branch 331 are respectively provided with a third valve V3.
  • a third pressure monitoring device P3 is provided on the main passage in the valve block unit 33 as a remote and local monitoring of the inlet pressure of each third fluid branch 331.
  • the valve block unit 33 is also provided with a third exhaust valve AV3 for local automatic exhaust.
  • a reserved pressure measuring connector (not shown in the figure) is provided on the valve block unit 33 to facilitate pressure calibration.
  • the cooling medium after passing through the water supply branch of the third fluid branch 331 enters the three branch radiator 332, and the components and sensors on the third fluid branch 331 are similar to the first fluid branch 11a in FIG. 4 , Its component setting function is also similar, so I won’t repeat it.
  • At least one third fluid branch 331 is provided with a heater H integrated in the valve block unit 33 and an additional temperature sensor TTE, and the additional temperature sensor TTE is used to measure the inlet temperature of the third fluid branch 331, if When the inlet temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the heater H is activated.
  • the third branch regulating valve VV3 is used to remotely monitor the temperature of the cooling medium entering the third fluid branch 331 for cooling the converter, so as to ensure the minimum temperature requirement. At the same time, based on the perspective of energy saving, the power consumption of the heater H is reduced by opening the third branch regulating valve VV3.
  • a third pressure monitoring device P3 is respectively provided downstream of each third fluid branch 331, which can remotely and locally monitor the resistance of each third fluid branch 331.
  • each third branch radiator 332 is respectively provided with a third exhaust valve AV3 and a third drain valve LV3 to facilitate local liquid injection and exhaust and drainage.
  • the outlet of the valve block unit 33 and the downstream of each third fluid branch 331 are respectively provided with a third valve V3. According to different cut-off methods, the replacement of parts and sensors on each third fluid branch 331 can be effectively realized. maintain. Similarly, by combining the temperature sensor TT3 and the flow sensor FF3 of the third branch, and the total temperature sensor TT on the pump station unit 5, the heat exchange and heating of each third fluid branch 331 can be dynamically counted. Quantity, and the organic connection and logical relationship between heat exchange and environmental boundary, unit capacity, and system flow. Finally, the return water branch of each third fluid branch 331 of the third cooling circuit 3 and the second return water pipe 22 of the second cooling circuit 2 are collectively collected into the third return water pipe 32.
  • FIG. 7 shows the specific structure of the fourth cooling circuit 4.
  • the fourth cooling circuit 4 is a generator cooling system, including a fourth fluid pipeline and a cooling side 43 located on the peripheral side of the fourth heat generating component 400.
  • a plurality of fourth radiators 432 connected in parallel are provided on the cooling side 43, and also includes multiple A variety of functional valves and a variety of sensors to achieve the normal, stable and maintainable operation of the fourth cooling circuit 4.
  • the cooling medium flows into the fourth water supply pipe 41 through the first main water supply pipe 511 of the pump station unit 5, and is transported to the fourth radiators 432. After heat exchange between the fourth radiators 432 and the fourth heating component 300, they flow to the fourth water supply pipe 41.
  • the fourth fluid pipeline of the fourth cooling circuit 4 is provided with a cooling side 43 located on the peripheral side of the fourth heating component 400, and the cooling side 43 includes a plurality of fourth fluid branches 431 arranged in parallel, each of which is A fourth radiator 432 is provided on the fluid branch 431, and a plurality of fourth radiators 432 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cooling side.
  • a fourth valve V4 is provided on the fourth return pipe 42.
  • at least one of the fourth water supply pipe 41 and the fourth water return pipe 42 is provided with a fourth drain valve LV4.
  • at least one of the fourth water supply pipe 41, the fourth water return pipe 42, and each fourth radiator 432 is further provided with a fourth exhaust valve AV4.
  • This embodiment takes the fourth heating component 400 as a generator as an example.
  • the working principle of the fourth cooling circuit 4 is similar to that of FIG.
  • the fourth water supply pipe 41 and the fourth water return pipe 42 are respectively provided with a fourth pressure monitoring device P4.
  • the fourth pressure monitoring device P4 includes a pressure transmitter and a pressure display device.
  • a fourth temperature sensor TT4 and a fourth flow sensor FF4 are provided on the fourth return pipe 42. According to the temperature difference between the fourth temperature sensor TT4 and the total temperature sensor TT and the flow rate of the fourth flow sensor FF4, the first The actual heat dissipation loss of the four cooling circuit 4.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a cooling side of the fourth cooling circuit.
  • the fourth water supply pipe 41 and the fourth water return pipe 42 of at least two cooling subsystems S are arranged side by side relative to each fourth radiator 432 in the cooling side 43.
  • the cooling medium enters the cooling side 43 through two fourth water supply pipes 41, the fourth water supply pipe 41 and the fourth return water pipe. 42 is connected in a completely symmetrical manner with respect to each fourth radiator 432 in the cooling side 43, which effectively reduces the layout of pipelines and can achieve the function of system fault tolerance.
  • Each fourth fluid branch 431 is provided with a fourth heat exchanger 432, and the heat exchange of the fourth radiator 432 is realized through the fourth water supply pipe 41 and the fourth water return pipe 42 respectively.
  • Each fourth radiator 432 is provided with a fourth exhaust valve AV4, which can avoid the air collection phenomenon of the fourth radiator 432, and at the same time, a fourth exhaust valve is provided on the fourth water supply pipe 41 and the fourth return water pipe 42 respectively.
  • AV4 and the fourth drain valve LV4 are convenient for system maintenance and effective exhaust during liquid filling.
  • each fourth fluid branch 431 is provided with a two-way shut-off valve DV corresponding to the inlet and outlet of the fourth radiator 432, respectively.
  • DV shut-off valve
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of another cooling side of the fourth cooling circuit.
  • the cooling side 43 is similar in structure to the cooling side 43 shown in FIG. 8, except that the fourth water supply pipe 41 and the fourth return water pipe 42 of the at least two cooling subsystems S are relative to The plurality of fourth heat sinks 432 are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the fourth water supply pipe 41 and the fourth return water pipe 42 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the cooling side 43. This arrangement will affect the fourth heating component 400, namely the generator, after a failure occurs in the fourth cooling pipeline 4 of a cooling subsystem S. The heat dissipation will be more uniform, thus allowing the unit to operate at a higher capacity under fault-tolerant conditions.
  • the heat dissipation unit 6 includes a plurality of heat dissipation branches 6a, each heat dissipation branch 6a is provided with a fifth radiator 63, and a fifth temperature is provided on the fifth return pipe 62 of the heat dissipation unit 6 Sensor TT5. According to the temperature difference between the fifth temperature sensor TT5 and the total temperature sensor TT and the flow rate of the total flow sensor FF, the actual heat dissipation loss of the entire cooling system is obtained.
  • the fifth pressure monitoring device P5 includes a pressure transmitter and a pressure display device.
  • the first cooling circuit 1, the second cooling circuit 2, the third cooling circuit 3, and the fourth cooling circuit 4 heat up the cooling medium into the fifth return pipe 62.
  • the number of the fifth radiator 63 depends on the system loss. The amount is set.
  • the fifth water supply pipe 61 and the fifth return water pipe 62 adopt the same arrangement to ensure the uniformity of the flow in each fifth radiator 63.
  • the fifth water supply pipe 61 and the fifth water return pipe 62 are respectively provided with a fifth pressure monitoring device P5 for detecting the resistance caused by the heat dissipation unit 6.
  • a fifth temperature sensor TT5 is provided on the fifth return pipe 62. In combination with the total temperature sensor TT and the total flow sensor FF on the pump station unit 5, the actual heat dissipation and loss of the entire system can be known.
  • the fifth water supply pipe 61, the fifth water return pipe 62 and the fifth radiator 63 of the heat dissipation unit 6 are respectively provided with a fifth drain valve LV5, which is combined with the main valve V on the pump station unit 5 and the first cooling circuit 1
  • the first valve V1 on the water return pipe 12, the fourth valve V4 on the fourth water return pipe 42 of the fourth cooling circuit 4, and the third valve V3 on the third water return pipe 32 of the third cooling circuit 3 can realize the heat dissipation unit. 6 is cut out, and the heat dissipation unit 6 is drained through the fifth drain valve LV5 on the fifth water supply pipe 61 and the fifth return pipe 62.
  • the wind turbine generator provided by the embodiment of the present application adopts the cooling system as described above, and has the following beneficial effects: by setting reasonable opening and closing valves and drain valves in each cooling subsystem, it is convenient for each cooling subsystem
  • the replacement and draining of partial parts avoids draining the entire system during parts replacement and maintenance, so as to reduce the workload of operation and maintenance; through the linkage of the opening of the electric valve of each cooling branch and the temperature control of the end heat sink, according to
  • the control target of the heating component adjusts the temperature of the terminal equipment, especially in the case of suitable temperature, by adjusting the flow of the cooling liquid in the radiator of the small-capacity heat-dissipating component, increasing the capacity of the cooling liquid in the heat exchanger of the large-loss component, and realizing the fan of the terminal radiator Energy-saving, or over-generating the unit under suitable temperature boundary conditions; it can effectively count the system loss and the direction of heat transfer during unit operation.
  • a more reasonable selection of parts can be explored for subsequent evaluation
  • cooling system according to the exemplary embodiment described above can be applied to various electrical equipment requiring cooling, such as but not limited to a wind power generator.

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Abstract

一种冷却系统及风力发电机组。该冷却系统包括相互热耦合设置的两个冷却子系统（S），每个冷却子系统（S）包括：用于冷却第一发热部件（100）的第一冷却回路（1）、用于冷却第二发热部件（200）的第二冷却回路（2）、用于冷却第三发热部件（300）的第三冷却回路（3）、用于冷却第四发热部件（400）的第四冷却回路（4）、泵站单元（5）和散热单元（6）；第一冷却回路（1）和第四冷却回路（4）并联连接为第一支路，第二冷却回路（2）和第三冷却回路（3）并联连接为第二支路，第一支路和第二支路并联连接，并且与泵站单元（5）和散热单元（6）连接。该冷却系统可以实现两个冷却子系统（S）的容错运行。

Description

冷却系统及风力发电机组
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年06月09日提交的名称为“冷却系统及风力发电机组”的中国专利申请202010516366.X的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及风力发电技术领域，特别是涉及一种冷却系统及风力发电机组。
背景技术
近年来，风力发电机组逐渐向高功率密度的方向发展，机组本身的损耗随之增加，同时需要进行散热的零部件数量也随之增加。发电机、轴系、变桨机构、机舱柜、机舱、变流柜、变压器等发热部件都需要进行必须的散热冷却处理才能实现各发热部件的正常运行，尤其对于海上风力发电机组，采用将各发热部件均布置于机舱的E-TOP结构，导致机组整体的冷却系统在机舱内的构成和布局越来越复杂。因此，需要在机舱的有限空间内设计更加紧凑的冷却系统结构布局，而集成冷却系统设计成为了重要的研究方向。
发明内容
本申请的一个目的是提供一种冷却系统及风力发电机组，该冷却系统可以实现两个冷却子系统的容错运行，降低系统的故障发生率。
一方面，本申请提出了一种冷却系统，该冷却系统包括相互热耦合设置的两个冷却子系统，每个冷却子系统包括：用于冷却第一发热部件的第一冷却回路、用于冷却第二发热部件的第二冷却回路、用于冷却第三发热 部件的第三冷却回路、用于冷却第四发热部件的第四冷却回路、泵站单元和散热单元；第一冷却回路和第四冷却回路并联连接为第一支路，第二冷却回路和第三冷却回路并联连接为第二支路，第一支路和第二支路并联连接，并且与泵站单元和散热单元连接。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种风力发电机组，包括：第一发热部件，包括轴承和变桨机构中的至少一者；第二发热部件，包括机舱和机舱柜中的至少一者；第三发热部件，包括变流器和变压器中的至少一者；第四发热部件，包括发电机；以及如前所述的任一种冷却系统。
本申请提供的一种冷却系统及风力发电机组，将整机冷却集成到相互热耦合的两个冷却子系统中，实现了容错运行功能，即使其中一个冷却子系统完全故障，另一个冷却子系统仍能够满足机组75％以上容量的冷却需求。每个冷却子系统将与各发热部件分别对应的第一冷却回路、第二冷却回路、第三冷却回路和第四冷却回路集成至一个系统中，并将泵站单元作为每个冷却子系统的核心动力单元，为每个冷却子系统提供动力。各个发热部件的损耗量与冷却回路进行热交换后，进行直接回路设置及进入散热单元的循环设置，在不会对整个系统冷却介质的温升造成较大影响的情况下简化管路的布局，减少散热部件的数量，提高系统冷量的利用率。在满足散热要求的同时实现多系统容错运行，降低系统的故障发生率。
附图说明
从下面结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式的描述中可以更好地理解本申请，其中，通过阅读以下参照附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显，相同或相似的附图标记表示相同或相似的特征。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机组的冷却系统的简化结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的冷却系统中的一种泵站单元的结构示意图；
图3是图1所示的冷却系统中的另一种泵站单元的结构示意图；
图4是图1所示的冷却系统中的第一冷却回路的结构示意图；
图5是图1所示的冷却系统中的第二冷却回路的结构示意图；
图6是图1所示的冷却系统中的第三冷却回路的结构示意图；
图7是图1所示的冷却系统中的第四冷却回路的结构示意图；
图8是图7所示的冷却系统中的一种冷却侧的结构示意图；
图9是图7所示的冷却系统中的另一种冷却侧的结构示意图；
图10是图1所示的冷却系统中的散热单元的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
第一发热部件100；第二发热部件200；第三发热部件300；第四发热部件400；冷却子系统S；
第一冷却回路1；第一流体支路11a；第一供水管11；第一回水管12；第一支路散热器111；第一回水管12；第一支路调节阀VV1；第一支路温度传感器TT1；第一支路流量传感器FF1；第一阀门V1；第一排液阀LV1；第一压力监测装置P1；第一排气阀AV1；
第二冷却回路2；第二供水管21；第二回水管22；第二散热器23；第二流量传感器FF2；第二温度传感器TT2；第二调节阀VV2；第二阀门V2；第二排液阀LV2；第二排气阀AV2；第二压力监测装置P2；
第三冷却回路3；第三供水管31；第三回水管32；阀块单元33；加热器H；第三流体支路331；第三支路散热器332；第三支路调节阀VV3；第三支路流量传感器FF3；第三支路温度传感器TT3；额外温度传感器TTE；第三阀门V3；第三排液阀LV3；第三排气阀AV3；第三压力监测装置P3；
第四冷却回路4；第四供水管41；第四回水管42；冷却侧43；第四流体支路431；第四散热器432；第四调节阀VV4；第四温度传感器TT4；第四流量传感器FF4；第四阀门V4；第四排液阀LV4；第四排气阀AV4；第四压力监测装置P4；双向切断阀DV；
泵站单元5；泵组53；总供水管51；第一总供水管511；第二总供水管512；总回水管52；泵体Pu；泵体调节阀PV；止回阀SV；稳压装置SP；泵体排气阀AV；过滤器Fi；安全装置SF；总流量传感器FF；总温度传感器TT；总压力监测装置P；总阀门V；排液阀LV；
散热单元6；散热支路6a；第五散热器63；第五供水管61；第五温度传感器TT5；第五回水管62；第五排液阀LV5；第五排气阀AV5。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。下面的详细描述中公开了许多具体细节，以便全面理解本申请。但是，对于本领域技术人员来说，很明显的是，本申请可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本申请的示例来提供对本申请的更好的理解。本申请决不限于下面所提出的任何具体配置和算法，而是在不脱离本申请的精神的前提下覆盖了元素、部件和算法的任何修改、替换和改进。在附图和下面的描述中，没有示出公知的结构和技术，以便避免对本申请造成不必要的模糊。
随着风力发电机组的快速发展，机组的单机容量不断增加，一方面机组本身的损耗随之增加，另一方面，需要进行散热的零部件数量也随之增加。尤其随着海上大容量机组的发展，采取E-TOP布局结构(发电机、轴系、变桨机构、机舱柜、变流柜、变压器等发热部件均布置于机舱内)相对于海上的环境因素，具有明显改善综合性能的优势；但当这些发热部件均布置于机舱内时，它们本身都需要独立进行散热冷却处理，所有的冷却子系统均布置在机舱内，导致机舱内零部件数量越来越多，布局越来越复杂。鉴于各发热部件的控制策略、工艺及布局位置等的不同，各冷却子系统的容错控制逻辑复杂化，导致整个系统的故障发生率提高，因此，亟需对风力发电机组的各发热部件的冷却子系统进行整体布局、结构优化，并且设置容错运行的双冷却系统，以提高海上大容量机组的免维护性。
本申请旨在构建一种风力发电机组的一体化双系统集中容错冷却系统，尤其适用于海上大功率永磁直驱风力发电机组。对于并非采用E-TOP布局的机组，即各主要发热部件并非都位于机舱内的机组，若不考虑管路的长度成本以及布局复杂性，也可以采用本申请的集中冷却系统，即可以根据各发热部件的实际位置采用同样的布局思路对各自的冷却子系统进行布局，从整体上对各发热部件的冷却子系统进行优化布局。为了更好地理解本申 请，下面结合图1至图10对本申请实施例的冷却系统及风力发电机组进行详细描述。
参阅图1，本申请实施例提供了一种风力发电机组，包括：第一发热部件100、第二发热部件200、第三发热部件300、第四发热部件400和冷却系统。冷却系统用于冷却各
第一发热部件100为发热量较小的部件的组合，其散热损耗也较小。可选地，第一发热部件100包括轴承和变桨机构中的至少一者。由于轴承和变桨机构的布置位置相近性，可以采用集成的方式将各发热部件的散热子系统整合于一个冷却回路或几个并联冷却支路内，达到各个发热部件的散热需求。
第二发热部件200为发热量较小的部件的组合，其散热损耗也较小。可选地，第二发热部件200包括机舱和机舱柜中的至少一者，机舱、机舱柜，与轴承、变桨机构的冷却原理类似，根据散热部件布置位置的不同，冷却却回路的设置形式有所不同。
第三发热部件300为发热量较大的部件的组合。可选地，第三发热部件300包括变流器和变压器中的至少一者。变流器和变压器的散热损耗均较大，可以采用集成的方式将各第三发热部件300的散热整合于一个冷却回路或多个并联冷却支路内，满足各第三发热部件300的散热需求。
第四发热部件400为发热量最大的部件的组合。可选地，第四发热部件400包括发电机。第四发热部件400的散热损耗最大，冷量需求最大，且第三发热部件300的散热损耗的增减与以发电机为例的第四发热部件400的散热损耗呈正比例关系，即二者相向运行。
需要说明的是，如前所述的变压器、变流器、轴承、变桨机构、发电机、机舱等各发热部件的冷却组合及冷却回路的设置形式，可以根据各发热部件实际发热量大小、实际机舱的布局进行组合布置。上述将变压器、变流器整合于一个冷却回路或多个冷却支路内，以及将轴承和变桨整合于一个冷却回路或多个冷却支路内，仅为其中示例的一种组合形式，在实际运行和设计中，为达到管路布局美观性、容量最佳等目的和要求，可以根据不同的机舱布局，灵活地进行相应的组合或者类似的设置。
为了便于描述，本申请实施例以用于冷却第一发热部件100的第一冷却回路1(即轴承和变桨冷却系统)、用于冷却第二发热部件200(即机舱冷却系统)的第二冷却回路2、用于冷却第三发热部件300的第三冷却回路3(即变流器和变压器冷却系统)、用于冷却第四发热部件400的第四冷却回路4(即发电机冷却系统)为例进行说明。
本申请实施例提供的一种冷却系统包括：相互热耦合设置的两个冷却子系统S，每个冷却子系统S包括：用于冷却第一发热部件100的第一冷却回路1、用于冷却第二发热部件200的第二冷却回路2、用于冷却第三发热部件300的第三冷却回路3、用于冷却第四发热部件400的第四冷却回路4、泵站单元5和散热单元6。其中，第一发热部件100与第二发热部件200的发热量最小，第四发热部件400的发热量最大，第三发热部件300的发热量分别介于第一发热部件100与第四发热部件400的发热量之间。
其中，第一冷却回路1和第四冷却回路4并联连接为第一支路，第二冷却回路2和第三冷却回路3并联连接为第二支路，第一支路和第二支路并联连接，并且与泵站单元5和散热单元6连接。
进一步地，相互热耦合设置的两个冷却子系统S中，每个冷却子系统S单独运行时提供的冷量占整个冷却系统运行时提供的冷量的75％以上。具体来说，该冷却系统采用两个冷却子系统S实现整个风力发电机组的散热，由于单个冷却子系统S运行，散热器进出口的冷却介质温差最大，可以最大程度发挥散热效率，故单个冷却子系统S的运行效率超过两个冷却子系统S的运行效率的50％。即使在一个冷却子系统S出现故障后，另一个冷却子系统S也能够完全实现机组75％以上的散热量。
本申请实施例提供的一种冷却系统，将整机冷却集成到相互热耦合的两个冷却子系统S中，实现了容错运行功能，即使其中一个冷却子系统S出现故障，另一个冷却子系统S仍能够满足机组75％以上容量的冷却需求。每个冷却子系统S将与各发热部件分别对应的第一冷却回路1、第二冷却回路2、第三冷却回路3和第四冷却回路4集成至一个泵站单元5中，并将泵站单元5作为每个冷却子系统S的核心动力单元，为每个冷却子系统S提供动力。各个发热部件的损耗量与冷却回路进行热交换后，进行直接回 路设置及进入散热单元6的循环设置，在不会对整个系统冷却介质的温升造成较大影响的情况下简化管路的布局，减少散热部件的数量，提高系统冷量的利用率。在满足散热要求的同时实现多系统容错运行，降低系统的故障发生率。
再次参阅图1，泵站单元5作为每个冷却子系统S的核心动力单元，为整个冷却子系统S提供动力。泵站单元5包括泵组53、总供水管51和总回水管52，总供水管51包括第一总供水管511和第二总供水管512。泵组53用于为第一冷却回路1、第二冷却回路2、第三冷却回路3及第四冷却回路4提供冷却介质。冷却介质可以为例如水、油等液态介质。
如前所述，第一冷却回路1和第四冷却回路4并联连接形成第一支路，第二冷却回路2和第三冷却回路3并联连接形成第二支路。冷却介质通过总供水管51由泵组53分别进入第一总供水管511和第二总供水管512，冷却介质通过第一总供水管511进入第一支路中，冷却介质通过第二总供水管512进入第二支路中，流经散热单元5后通过总回水管52回流入泵组53。
由此，每个冷却子系统S的泵站单元5将总供水管51分为第一总供水管511和第二总供水管512两个分支路，用以确保系统供水稳压性。通过泵组53和第一总供水管511分别向第一冷却回路1和第二冷却回路2提供冷却介质，通过第二总供水管512分别向第二冷却回路2和第三冷却回路3提供冷却介质，升温后的冷却介质流经散热单元6后温度降低，通过总回水管52回流至泵站单元5，完成一次闭路循环。各路冷却回路根据所需冷量的多少，通过两次并联的方式，使冷却介质由泵站单元5流入各冷却子系统，可以减少并行管路的重复布置，并且提高冷却介质流入各冷却子系统的效率，减小系统容量。
图2示出了本申请实施例提供的冷却系统中的一种泵站单元的具体结构。泵站单元5包括泵组53、各功能阀、各传感器、稳压装置、安全装置以及过滤器，来实现整个冷却系统的正常、稳定、可维护地运行。
每个冷却子系统S的泵站单元5中，泵组53包括一个泵体Pu，对于整个机组的冷却为多系统单泵组容错形式。为实现系统能效最优，泵组53 可以采用高低速控制、变频控制或二者容错控制，提高系统的容错性及有效的节能策略。
泵体Pu设置有排气阀AV，在系统运行中排出气体，从而保护泵组53的安全运行。泵体Pu的出口分别设置有止回阀SV，用于保护泵体Pu；泵体Pu的入口设置有泵体调节阀PV，在泵体Pu出现泄漏问题时，泵体调节阀PV快速关闭；通过止回阀SV和泵体调节阀PV切断对应的泵体Pu。如采用泵体Pu为非机封形式，可省略泵体调节阀PV的设置。
可选地，泵组53的入口设置有过滤器Fi，用于保证系统的洁净度。另外，过滤器Fi具有排液功能，可作为泵组53的局部排液点。
可选地，总回水管55上设置有稳压装置SP，用于系统随温度变化造成系统压力波动产生报警及对系统造成危害，可采用高位水箱或膨胀罐形式。可选地，泵组53的出口设置有安全装置SF，在系统超过特定压力情况下泄压以实现保护。当稳压装置SP采用高位水箱时，该安全装置SF可以去除。
可选地，泵组53的入口和出口还分别设置有总压力监测装置P；可选地，总压力检测装置P包括总压力变送器和总压力显示装置，总压力变送器用于本地及远程对系统运行状况的监控，总压力显示装置用于本地注液及运维观察。
可选地，第一总供水管511、第二总供水管512和总回水管52上分别设置有总阀门V。通过总阀门V的启闭，实现泵站单元5的切出，便于泵站单元5上的零部件及传感器的更换及维护。
可选地，第一总供水管511和第二总供水管512上分别设置有排液阀LV，可以实现各个冷却回路上的设备及管路的排液。
可选地，泵组53的入口设置有总流量传感器FF，泵组53的出口设置有总温度传感器TT。总温度传感器TT作为各个冷却回路的入口温度取值，结合各个冷却回路及散热单元6上设置的温度传感器及各个冷却支路上设置流量传感器，便于计算各个冷却回路在逻辑控制过程中实际的散热损耗量，从而结合环境温度、机组负荷、系统流量等参数，统计各个冷却回路及系统整个内在逻辑关系，有利于系统控制逻辑的优化及零部件选型的优 化。
图3示出了本申请实施例提供的冷却系统中的另一种泵站单元的结构示意图。该泵站单元5与图2所示的泵站单元5类似，不同之处在于，泵组53包括并联设置的至少两个泵体Pu，对于整个机组的冷却为多系统多泵组容错形式，即在实现多系统容错的情况下还可以实现多泵组等关键部件的容错。
每个冷却子系统S配置并联运行的至少两个泵体Pu，也可采用部分运行、部分备用的形式，根据空间布置尺寸、系统容量情况、可靠性与性价比等因素综合考虑后实现节能及容错运行，即在一个泵体Pu出现故障后，其余泵体Pu仍然能够满足系统的全部或75％以上的性能。同时，为进一步实现系统能效最优，泵组53可以采用定频运行、高低速运行、变频运行或者至少两个泵体Pu容错运行等控制方式，满足整个风力发电机组的冷负荷运行需求，提高系统的容错性及有效的节能策略。
再次参阅图1，第一冷却回路1包括第一流体管路，第一流体管路的第一供水管11与第一总供水管511连通。
第四冷却回路4包括第四流体管路，第四流体管路的第四供水管41与第一总供水管511连通，第四流体管路的第四回水管42与第一冷却回路1的第一回水管12连通。第四冷却回路4的第四回水管42进入散热单元6后与总回水管52连接。
第二冷却回路2包括第二流体管路，第二流体管路的第二供水管21与第二总供水管512连通。
第三冷却回路3包括第三流体管路，第三流体管路的第三供水管31与第二总供水管512连通，第三流体管路的第三回水管32与第二流体管路的第二回水管22连通。第三冷却回路3的第三回水管32进入散热单元6后与总回水管52连通。
下面结合附图4～9进一步详细说明各个冷却回路的具体结构。
图4示出了第一冷却回路1的具体结构。第一冷却回路1为轴承和变桨机构冷却系统，包括第一流体管路、用于冷却至少两个第一发热部件100的至少两个并联的第一支路散热器111，还包括多种功能阀和多种传感 器，来实现第一冷却回路1的正常、稳定、可维护地运行。
冷却介质通过泵站单元5的第一总供水管511流入第一供水管11，并输送至至少两个并联的第一支路换热器111，各支路换热器与各第一发热部件100热交换后，汇流至第一回水管12，然后与第四冷却回路4的第四回水管42汇流。
具体来说，第一冷却回路1的第一流体管路包括与至少两个第一发热部件100一一对应的至少两个第一流体支路11a，每个第一流体支路11a上设置有第一支路散热器111和位于第一流体支路11a的下游设置有第一支路调节阀VV1、第一支路温度传感器TT1和第一支路流量传感器FF1。
监测各第一支路温度传感器TT1和各第一支路流量传感器FF1的测量值，根据各第一发热部件100的目标温度值，通过控制各第一支路调节阀VV1的开度调节各第一流体支路11a的流量。
可选地，第一供水管11、第一回水管12、各第一支路散热器111的入口和出口中的至少一者设置有第一阀门V1。
可选地，各第一流体支路11a、各第一支路散热器111中的至少一者设置有第一排液阀LV1。可选地，各第一支路散热器111还分别设置有第一排气阀AV1。可选地，各第一支路散热器111的入口和出口分别设置有第一压力监测装置P1。可选地，第一压力监测装置P1包括压力变送器和压力显示装置。
本实施例以第一发热部件100为轴承或者变桨机构为例，第一冷却回路1通过泵站单元5上的第一总供水管511沿第一供水管11分别进入用于冷却轴承的第一流体支路11a，如图4中位于上方的冷却支路，以及用于冷却变桨机构的第一流体支路11a，如图4中位于下方的冷却支路。由于冷却变桨机构的第一流体支路11a与冷却轴承的第一流体支路11a原理相近，下面以冷却轴承的第一流体支路11a为例，对冷却变桨机构的第一流体支路11a进行适当说明。
冷却轴承的第一流体支路11a上设置的第一支路散热器111可以为空-水散热器，直接液体冷却，第一支路散热器111上设置第一排气阀AV1及第一排液阀LV1，便于第一流体支路11a及第一支路散热器111的注液排 气及排液。第一支路散热器111前后分别设置第一压力监测装置P1，从而可以通过本地和远程对冷却轴承的第一流体支路11a实现压力有效监控。第一流体支路11a设置第一排液阀LV1，便于第一流体支路11a上的排液操作。
第一流体支路11a上设置有第一支路温度传感器TT1和第一支路流量传感器FF1，同时结合泵站单元5上的总温度传感器TT，可得出各个第一流体支路11a的实际散热量，通过数据统计与分析，可有效得出环境边界、机组负荷、电动阀开度等因素之间的逻辑关系，从而可有效提高各个散热部件及泵组的优化及机组的逻辑控制。
同时，以轴承的温度限制为控制目标，冷却轴承的第一流体支路11a上设置第一支路调节阀VV1，根据轴承的目标温度值控制第一支路散热器111上风扇的变频调制或者第一支路调节阀VV1的开度，从而在保证满足散热要求的情况下，实现系统的节能。同样地，用于冷却变桨机构的第一支路散热器111可以为油-水冷散热器或其他形式散热器，第一支路散热器111上设置的零部件及传感器与冷却轴承的第一支路散热器111类似，不再赘述。在第一供水管11和第一回水管12上分别设置的第一阀门V1，通过第一阀门V1的启闭，可实现对整个第一冷却回路1上的零部件及传感器的更换及维护。用于冷却轴承和用于冷却变桨机构的各第一流体支路11a的回水支路汇集后进入第一回水管12，最终进入第四冷却回路4。
图5示出了第二冷却回路2的具体结构。第二冷却回路2为机舱冷却系统，包括第二流体管路、用于冷却第二发热部件200的第二散热器23，还包括多种功能阀和多种传感器，来实现第二冷却回路2的正常、稳定、可维护地运行。
冷却介质通过泵站单元5的第二总供水管512流入第二供水管21，并输送至第二换热器23，第二换热器23与第二发热部件200热交换后，汇流至第二回水管22，然后与第三冷却回路3的第三回水管32汇流。
具体来说，第二冷却回路2的第二流体管路设置有第二散热器23，第二回水管22设置有第二调节阀VV2、第二温度传感器TT2和第二流量传感器FF2。监测第二温度传感器TT2和第二流量传感器FF2的测量值，根 据第二发热部件200的目标温度值，通过控制第二调节阀VV2的开度调节第二流体管路的流量。
可选地，第二供水管21和第二回水管22分别设置有第二阀门V2。可选地，第二回水管22和/或第二散热器23分别设置有第二排液阀LV2。可选地，第二散热器23还设置有第二排气阀AV2。可选地，第二供水管21和第二回水管22分别设置有第二压力监测装置P2。可选地，第二压力监测装置P2包括压力变送器和压力显示装置。
本实施例以第二发热部件200为机舱为例，第二冷却回路2通过泵站单元5上的第二总供水管512沿第二供水管21进入第二散热器23中，其原理与图4中冷却轴承的第一流体支路11a类似。第二散热器23可以为空-水散热器，也可其他形式散热器，根据实际需要进行配置。第二散热器23上设置第二排气阀AV2及第二排液阀LV2，便于第二流体管路的注液排气及排液。
第二回水管22设置有第二温度传感器TT2和第二流量传感器FF2，结合泵站单元5中的总温度传感器TT，通过数据统计及分析可得知第二流体管路的散热量随环境边界、机组负荷、系统流量等之间逻辑关系。类似地，第二散热器23前后分别设置第二压力监测装置P2，从而可以通过本地和远程对第二流体管路的压力实现有效监控，从而可以得知第二流体管路造成的系统阻力。第二回水管22设置第二排气阀AV2，通过关闭第二供水管21和第二回水管22上的第二阀门V2，实现对第二流体管路上的设备、传感器等更换及维护。
图6示出了第三冷却回路3的具体结构。第三冷却回路3为变流器和变压器冷却系统，包括第三流体管路、阀块单元33、用于冷却各第三发热部件300的各第三支路散热器332，还包括集成于阀块单元33的多种功能阀和多种传感器，来实现第三冷却回路3的正常、稳定、可维护地运行。
冷却介质通过泵站单元5的第二总供水管512流入第三供水管31，并通过阀块单元33输送至各第三支路散热器332，各第三支路散热器332与相应的第三发热部件300热交换后，汇流至第三回水管32，第二冷却回路2的第二回水管22也汇流至第三回水管32。
具体来说，第三冷却回路3的第三流体管路包括与至少两个第三发热部件300一一对应的至少两个第三流体支路331，至少两个第三流体支路331集成于阀块单元33，每个第三流体支路331设置有第三支路散热器332和位于第三流体支路331下游的第三支路调节阀VV3、第三支路温度传感器TT3和第三支路流量传感器FF3。监测各第三支路温度传感器TT3和第三支路流量传感器FF3的测量值，根据第三发热部件300的目标温度值，通过控制各第三支路调节阀VV3的开度调节各第三流体支路331的流量。
可选地，第三供水管31和第三回水管32、阀块单元33的出口和各第三流体支路331的下游中的至少一者设置有第三阀门V3。
可选地，至少一个第三流体支路331、阀块单元33及各第三支路散热器332中的至少一者设置有第三排液阀LV3。可选地，阀块单元33、各第三支路散热器332中的至少一者还设置有第三排气阀AV3。
可选地，阀块单元33和/或各第三流体支路331的下游分别设置有第三压力监测装置P3。可选地，第三压力监测装置P3包括压力变送器和压力显示装置。
第三冷却回路3通过阀块单元33的设置，实现传感器的集成及至少两个第三流体支路331的分支，从而实现集中设计及模块化设计。本实施例以第三发热部件300为变流器或者变压器的集成为例，根据实际的空间布局，出于系统容量及管路布置的长短，可进行不同第三流体支路331的集成设计。
在泵站单元5的作用下，冷却介质通过第二总供水管512进入阀块单元33，在阀块单元33内的第三供水管31分为两个第三流体支路331，分别用于冷却变压器及变流器。阀块单元33的出口和各第三流体支路331的下游中分别设置有第三阀门V3，通过第三阀门V3，可有效实现各第三流体支路331与阀块单元33的切断。在阀块单元33内的主通道上设置第三压力监测装置P3，作为各第三流体支路331的入口压力的远程及本地监控。同时阀块单元33还设置有第三排气阀AV3，用于本地自动排气。在阀块单元33上设置预留测压接头(图中未示出)，便于压力校对。通过第三流体支路331的供水支路后的冷却介质进入到三支路散热器332中，第三流 体支路331上的零部件及传感器设置与图4中的第一流体支路11a类似，其零部件设置功能也类似，不再赘述。
可选地，至少一个第三流体支路331上设置有集成于阀块单元33的加热器H和额外温度传感器TTE，额外温度传感器TTE用于测量该第三流体支路331的入口温度，如果入口温度低于预设温度时，则启动加热器H。
本实施例中，第三支路调节阀VV3用于远程监控进入到用于冷却变流器的第三流体支路331的冷却介质温度，从而保证最低温度要求。同时基于节能角度考虑，通过开启第三支路调节阀VV3，减少加热器H的耗电功率。
同时，在各第三流体支路331的下游分别设置有第三压力监测装置P3，可远程和本地对各第三流体支路331的阻力情况进行实施监控。通过结合该第三支路温度传感器TT3、额外温度传感器TTE和第三支路流量传感器FF3的测量值，可实时监控用于冷却变流器的第三流体支路331的散热量。
另外，各第三支路散热器332上还分别设置有第三排气阀AV3和第三排液阀LV3，便于局部注液排气及排液。
阀块单元33的出口和各第三流体支路331的下游中分别设置有第三阀门V3，根据不同的切断方式，可以有效实现各第三流体支路331上的零部件及传感器的更换及维护。同样地，结合各第三支路温度传感器TT3和第三支路流量传感器FF3，以及泵站单元5上的总温度传感器TT，可动态地统计各第三流体支路331的换热量、加热量，及换热量与环境边界、机组容量、系统流量之间的有机联系及逻辑关系。最终第三冷却回路3的各第三流体支路331的回水支路及第二冷却回路2的第二回水管22共同汇集到第三回水管32中。
通过局部阀块单元的集成设计，可以有效减少运维点，简化管路布置，实现阀门及传感器的集中布置，也实现局部管路分流的模块化设置。
图7示出了第四冷却回路4的具体结构。第四冷却回路4为发电机冷却系统，包括第四流体管路和位于第四发热部件400周侧的冷却侧43，冷却侧43上设置有多个并联的第四散热器432，还包括多种功能阀和多种传感器，来实现第四冷却回路4的正常、稳定、可维护地运行。
冷却介质通过泵站单元5的第一总供水管511流入第四供水管41，并输送至各第四散热器432，各第四散热器432与第四发热部件300热交换后，汇流至第四回水管42，第一冷却回路1的第一回水管12也汇流至第四回水管42。
具体来说，第四冷却回路4的第四流体管路上设置有位于第四发热部件400周侧的冷却侧43，冷却侧43包括并联设置的多个第四流体支路431，每个第四流体支路431上设置有第四散热器432，多个第四散热器432沿冷却侧的周向均匀分布。
可选地，第四回水管42上设置有第四阀门V4。可选地，第四供水管41、第四回水管42中的至少一者设置有第四排液阀LV4。可选地，第四供水管41、第四回水管42及各第四散热器432中的至少一者还设置有第四排气阀AV4。
本实施例以第四发热部件400为发电机为例，第四冷却回路4的工作原理与图4类似，通过泵站单元5上的第一总供水管511沿第四供水管41进入第四发热部件400的冷却侧43中，可选地，第四供水管41及第四回水管42上分别设置有第四压力监测装置P4。可选地，第四压力监测装置P4包括压力变送器和压力显示装置。可选地，第四回水管42上设置有第四温度传感器TT4和第四流量传感器FF4，根据第四温度传感器TT4与总温度传感器TT的温度差值及第四流量传感器FF4的流量，获得第四冷却回路4的实际散热耗损量。
图8示出了第四冷却回路的一种冷却侧的结构示意图。至少两个冷却子系统S的第四供水管41及第四回水管42在冷却侧43内相对于每个第四散热器432并排布置。
本实施例中，以冷却侧43包括两个冷却子系统的第四冷却回路4为例，冷却介质分别通过两个第四供水管41进入冷却侧43，第四供水管41及第四回水管42在冷却侧43内相对于每个第四散热器432采用完全对称的方式接入，有效减少管路的布局，能够起到系统容错的功能。每个第四流体支路431上设置有第四换热器432，分别通过第四供水管41及第四回水管42实现第四散热器432的热交换。各个第四散热器432上设置第四排气阀 AV4，可以避免第四散热器432发生集气现象，同时分别在第四供水管41及第四回水管路42上分别设置第四排气阀AV4和第四排液阀LV4，便于系统维护及注液过程中有效排气。
可选地，每个第四流体支路431对应于第四散热器432的入口和出口分别设置有双向切断阀DV。通过截断第四散热器432，可实现在不排液的情况下，直接对冷却发电机的第四散热器432进行更换和维护，同时更换前，机组可进行降容量运行。
图9示出了第四冷却回路的另一种冷却侧的结构示意图。该冷却侧43与图8所示的冷却侧43的结构类似，不同之处在于，至少两个冷却子系统S的第四供水管41及第四回水管42沿冷却侧43的周向相对于多个第四散热器432交错布置。
第四供水管41及第四回水管42沿冷却侧43的圆周方向布置，该布置形式在一个冷却子系统S的第四冷却管路4出现故障后，其对第四发热部件400即发电机的散热将更加均匀，因而允许在容错情况下机组以更高容量运行。
请一并参阅图1和图10，散热单元6包括多个散热支路6a，每个散热支路6a设置有第五散热器63，散热单元6的第五回水管62上设置有第五温度传感器TT5。根据第五温度传感器TT5与总温度传感器TT的温度差值及总流量传感器FF的流量，获得整个冷却系统的实际散热耗损量。
可选地，散热单元6的第五供水管61、第五回水管62及各第五散热器63中的至少一者设置有第五排液阀LV5。可选地，各第五散热器63上还分别设置有第五排气阀AV5。可选地，第五压力监测装置P5包括压力变送器和压力显示装置。
如前所述的第一冷却回路1、第二冷却回路2、第三冷却回路3和第四冷却回路4升温后的冷却介质进入第五回水管62，第五散热器63的数量根据系统损耗量进行设置。第五供水管61和第五回水管62采用同程布置，确保各个第五散热器63内流量的均匀性。可选地，第五供水管61和第五回水管62上分别设置有第五压力监测装置P5，用于检测散热单元6造成的阻力。第五回水管62上设置有第五温度传感器TT5，结合泵站单元5上 的总温度传感器TT及总流量传感器FF，可以得知整个系统的实际散热量及损耗量。
散热单元6的第五供水管61、第五回水管62及各第五散热器63上分别设置第五排液阀LV5，结合泵站单元5上的总阀门V及第一冷却回路1的第一回水管12上的第一阀门V1、第四冷却回路4的第四回水管42上的第四阀门V4、第三冷却回路3的第三回水管32上的第三阀门V3可以实现散热单元6的切出，通过第五供水管61和第五回水管62上的第五排液阀LV5进行散热单元6的排液。
另外，本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机组，采用如前所述的冷却系统，具有如下有益效果：通过在各冷却子系统设置合理的启闭阀门及排液阀门，便于各冷却子系统局部零件的更换及排液，避免零部件更换维护时对整个系统的进行排液，以减小运维工作量；通过各个冷却支路上电动阀的开度与末端散热设备控制温度的联动，根据发热部件的控制目标调节末端设备的温度，尤其在合适温度情况下，通过调整小容量散热部件散热器内冷却液的流量，提高大损耗部件换热器内冷却液容量，实现末端散热器的风扇节能，或者在合适温度边界条件下实现机组的超发；可以有效地统计系统损耗及机组运行过程中的热量传递方向，同时结合环境温度，可以摸索出更加合理的零部件选型，为后续评估风力发电机组的可靠性提供充足的数据统计依据。
此外，根据以上所述的示例性实施例的冷却系统可以被应用到各种需要冷却的电气设备中，例如但不限于风力发电机组。
本领域技术人员应能理解，上述实施例均是示例性而非限制性的。在不同实施例中出现的不同技术特征可以进行组合，以取得有益效果。本领域技术人员在研究附图、说明书及权利要求书的基础上，应能理解并实现所揭示的实施例的其他变化的实施例。在权利要求书中，术语“包括”并不排除其他装置或步骤；物品没有使用数量词修饰时旨在包括一个/种或多个/种物品，并可以与“一个/种或多个/种物品”互换使用”；术语“第一”、“第二”用于标示名称而非用于表示任何特定的顺序。权利要求中 的任何附图标记均不应被理解为对保护范围的限制。权利要求中出现的多个部分的功能可以由一个单独的硬件或软件模块来实现。某些技术特征出现在不同的从属权利要求中并不意味着不能将这些技术特征进行组合以取得有益效果。

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  1. 一种冷却系统，包括相互热耦合设置的两个冷却子系统，其中，每个所述冷却子系统包括：用于冷却第一发热部件的第一冷却回路、用于冷却第二发热部件的第二冷却回路、用于冷却第三发热部件的第三冷却回路、用于冷却第四发热部件的第四冷却回路、泵站单元和散热单元；
    所述第一冷却回路和所述第四冷却回路并联连接为第一支路，所述第二冷却回路和所述第三冷却回路并联连接为第二支路，所述第一支路和所述第二支路并联连接，并且与所述泵站单元和所述散热单元连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的冷却系统，其中，相互热耦合设置的两个冷却子系统中，每个所述冷却子系统单独运行时提供的冷量占整个所述冷却系统运行时提供的总冷量的75％以上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第一发热部件与所述第二发热部件的发热量最小，所述第四发热部件的发热量最大，所述第三发热部件的发热量介于所述第一发热部件与所述第四发热部件的发热量之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的冷却系统，其中，所述泵站单元包括泵组、总供水管和总回水管；冷却介质通过所述总供水管由所述泵组分别进入第一总供水管和第二总供水管，冷却介质通过所述第一总供水管进入所述第一支路中，冷却介质通过第二总供水管进入所述第二支路中，流经所述散热单元后通过所述总回水管回流入所述泵组。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的冷却系统，其中，所述泵组包括一个泵体或者并联设置的至少两个所述泵体；
    所述泵组的入口设置有过滤器和稳压装置，所述泵组的出口设置有安全装置。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的冷却系统，其中，所述泵组的入口设置有总 流量传感器，所述泵组的出口设置有总温度传感器；所述泵组的入口和出口还分别设置有总压力监测装置。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第一冷却回路包括第一流体管路，所述第一流体管路的第一供水管与所述第一总供水管连通；
    所述第四冷却回路包括第四流体管路，所述第四流体管路的第四供水管与所述第一总供水管连通，所述第四流体管路的第四回水管与所述第一冷却回路的第一回水管连通；
    所述第四冷却回路的所述第四回水管进入所述散热单元后与所述总回水管连通。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第二冷却回路包括第二流体管路，所述第二流体管路的第二供水管与所述第二总供水管连通；
    所述第三冷却回路包括第三流体管路，所述第三流体管路的第三供水管与所述第二总供水管连通，所述第三流体管路的第三回水管与所述第二流体管路的第二回水管连通；
    所述第三冷却回路的所述第三回水管进入所述散热单元后与所述总回水管连通。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第一流体管路包括与至少两个第一发热部件一一对应的至少两个第一流体支路，每个所述第一流体支路上设置有第一支路散热器和位于所述第一流体支路的下游设置有第一支路调节阀、第一支路温度传感器和第一支路流量传感器；
    监测各所述第一支路温度传感器和各所述第一支路流量传感器的测量值，根据各所述第一发热部件的目标温度值，通过控制各所述第一支路调节阀的开度调节各所述第一流体支路的流量。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的冷却系统，其中，各所述第一支路散热器的入口和出口分别设置有第一压力监测装置。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第二流体管路设置有第二散热器，所述第二回水管设置有第二调节阀、第二温度传感器和第 二流量传感器；
    监测所述第二温度传感器和所述第二流量传感器的测量值，根据所述第二发热部件的目标温度值，通过控制所述第二调节阀的开度调节所述第二流体管路的流量。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第二供水管和所述第二回水管分别设置有第二压力监测装置。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第三流体管路包括与至少两个所述第三发热部件一一对应的至少两个第三流体支路，至少两个所述第三流体支路集成于阀块单元，每个所述第三流体支路设置有第三支路散热器和位于所述第三流体支路下游的第三支路调节阀、第三支路温度传感器和第三支路流量传感器；
    监测各所述第三支路温度传感器和所述第三支路流量传感器的测量值，根据所述第三发热部件的目标温度值，通过控制各所述第三支路调节阀的开度调节各所述第三流体支路的流量。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的冷却系统，其中，至少一个所述第三流体支路上设置有集成于所述阀块单元的加热器和额外温度传感器，所述额外温度传感器用于测量所述第三流体支路的入口温度，如果所述入口温度低于预设温度，则启动所述加热器。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的冷却系统，其中，所述阀块单元和/或各所述第三流体支路的下游分别设置有第三压力监测装置。
  16. 根据权利要求7所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第四流体管路上设置有位于所述第四发热部件周侧的冷却侧，所述冷却侧包括并联设置的多个第四流体支路，每个所述第四流体支路上设置有第四散热器，多个所述第四散热器沿所述冷却侧的周向均匀分布；
    至少两个所述冷却子系统的所述第四供水管及所述第四回水管在所述冷却侧内相对于每个所述第四散热器并排布置；或者，至少两个所述冷却子系统的所述第四供水管及所述第四回水管沿所述冷却侧的周向相对于多 个所述第四散热器交错布置。
  17. 根据权利要求7所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第四供水管及所述第四回水管上分别设置有第四压力监测装置。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的冷却系统，其中，每个所述第四流体支路对应于所述第四散热器的入口和出口分别设置有双向切断阀。
  19. 根据权利要求6所述的冷却系统，其中，所述第四冷却回路上设置有第四温度传感器和第四流量传感器；
    根据所述第四温度传感器与所述总温度传感器的温度差值及所述第四流量传感器的流量，获得所述第四冷却回路的实际散热耗损量。
  20. 根据权利要求6所述的冷却系统，其中，所述散热单元包括多个散热支路，每个所述散热支路设置有第五散热器，所述散热单元的第五回水管上设置有第五温度传感器；
    根据所述第五温度传感器与所述总温度传感器的温度差值及所述总流量传感器的流量，获得整个所述冷却系统的实际散热耗损量。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的冷却系统，其中，所述散热单元的第五供水管和所述第五回水管上分别设置有第五压力监测装置。
  22. 一种风力发电机组，包括：
    第一发热部件，包括轴承和变桨机构中的至少一者；
    第二发热部件，包括机舱和机舱柜中的至少一者；
    第三发热部件，包括变流器和变压器中的至少一者；
    第四发热部件，包括发电机；以及
    如权利要求1-21任一项所述的冷却系统。
PCT/CN2020/114011 2020-06-09 2020-09-08 冷却系统及风力发电机组 WO2021248716A1 (zh)

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