WO2021234126A1 - Turf culture substrate, and preparation and culture method - Google Patents

Turf culture substrate, and preparation and culture method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021234126A1
WO2021234126A1 PCT/EP2021/063556 EP2021063556W WO2021234126A1 WO 2021234126 A1 WO2021234126 A1 WO 2021234126A1 EP 2021063556 W EP2021063556 W EP 2021063556W WO 2021234126 A1 WO2021234126 A1 WO 2021234126A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
turf
substrate
gymnosperm
culture substrate
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PCT/EP2021/063556
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French (fr)
Inventor
André THIEN AH KOON
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Thien Ah Koon Andre
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Publication of WO2021234126A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021234126A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G20/20—Cultivation on mats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a substrate for cultivating turf, a method for preparing such a substrate as well as a method for cultivating turf using this growing substrate.
  • patent FR7203670 describes a support for polystyrene beads in suspension.
  • Patent FR7636574 also describes a growing medium composed of crushed tree bark.
  • Patent FR2477830 for its part, describes a support obtained from flax thread in which the seeds are placed in a sandwich and placed on an impermeable cultivation soil.
  • Patent applications US20030066465, CN1509598, US20070253785, CN108307875, KR19980087795, CN1416665 and JP3155180U describe a culture medium produced from plant waste, which is used in particular for cultivating turf.
  • Document CN105659977 describes a culture medium comprising a culture layer including sludge from sewage treatment plants placed between two layers of plant fibers composed in particular of coconut palm fiber.
  • Patent FR2552620 describes a culture medium composed of sugar cane bagasse.
  • Patent FR2964009 proposes adding to such a support grains of sodium salt polyacrylamide, a super absorbent polymer making it possible to reduce watering of the support. Unfortunately, such a polymer needs to be manufactured especially for this one-time use and is not in line with current environmental values.
  • the aim of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art, by providing a culture substrate which makes it possible to obtain better grass growth and whose composition has a positive impact on the environment.
  • the invention relates to a turf growing substrate composed of sugar cane bagasse and a compost of gymnosperm fibers, the sugar cane bagasse representing from 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the substrate. of culture and the compost of gymnosperm fibers representing 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
  • the culture substrate according to the invention thus comprises or consists of industrial plant waste.
  • This substrate therefore has a positive impact on the environment since it allows this waste to be recycled, and avoids the use of compounds specially manufactured for the cultivation of turf.
  • gymnosperm fiber compost has two advantages for the cultivation of turf.
  • this compost has a very high water retention capacity and slows down the evaporation of the latter contained in the lower parts (closer to the natural soil). These effects reduce the amount of water used for watering turf crops, and ensure a constant moisture level in the substrate allowing better turf growth.
  • the growing medium when used to cultivate grass in a windy area, it prevents its degradation under gusts of wind, thus making it insensitive to the wind.
  • Sugar cane bagasse is a fibrous residue which, together with gaseous ethanol, is a major waste in the sugar industry.
  • the sugarcane bagasse may be in the form of a compost of sugarcane bagasse.
  • the gymnosperm fibers are chosen in particular from coniferous tree wood fibers and coniferous tree wood fibers.
  • the gymnosperm fibers are obtained from the trunks of trees and not from their bark. They can in particular come from the grinding of wooden pallets commonly used in industry to transport goods.
  • Gymnosperm fibers are for example in the form of granules with a length of 2 to 5 cm and a diameter of 2 to 10 mm, for example a length of 2 cm and a diameter of 3 mm.
  • the growing medium further comprises sludge from a wastewater treatment system.
  • mud is dried mud.
  • dried sludge in the invention a sludge whose dryness is greater than 85%.
  • the use of dried sludge allows better homogenization of this constituent within the growing medium. This dried sludge also makes it easier to store and handle.
  • the compound added to the growing medium comes from a recovery of industrial waste, reinforcing the positive impact of the growing medium on the environment.
  • the sludge from wastewater treatment plants includes lime which helps to regulate the pH of the growing medium to reach a neutral pH (7) without the need to use limestone or regulators from industry. chemical.
  • sludge is an excellent source of nitrogen which contributes greatly to the synthesis of nitrogen-based nutrients, without the need for fertilizers such as urea phosphate.
  • the sludge representing from 5 to 25% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
  • the sugarcane bagasse and the gymnosperm fiber compost preferably represent from 30 to 45% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
  • the combination of these wt% ranges of the substrate components results in the best turf yields as well as the best growth.
  • the culture substrate comprises 40% by weight of sugarcane bagasse and gymnosperm fiber compost and 20% by weight of sludge, relative to the total weight of the culture substrate.
  • the invention further relates to a turf growing medium comprising a growing substrate as defined above.
  • the growing medium may also comprise a plastic sheet serving as a base on which the growing substrate as described above is placed.
  • the plastic sheet notably has a thickness ranging from 60 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the tarpaulin can, for example, be made of polyane.
  • the plastic sheeting can be a set of several units partly superimposed on top of each other so as to form a staircase. This aspect is interesting because it allows a flow of water from the watering of the substrate in the descending direction of the formed staircase.
  • a layer of sod runners is disposed between the plastic sheeting and the growing medium.
  • runners grass stems of the Poaceae family and of the Gramineae family.
  • This embodiment is very particularly suitable for the cultivation of lawns of the Poaceae and Grasses family, since the latter having root growth, they cannot simply be spread on the surface of the culture substrate. Their runners are therefore placed below the growing medium, so that they can grow inside.
  • the runner layer comprises in particular runners from 0.50 mm to 0.80 mm with a density of 50 to 70 runners per m 2 , for example 60.
  • the invention also relates to a process for preparing a culture substrate of a lawn culture medium comprising the following steps:
  • step b) the composting of the said ground material obtained in step a) resulting in the production of a gymnosperm fiber compost
  • step c) obtaining a turf culture substrate by mixing the gymnosperm fiber compost obtained in step b) representing from 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the substrate and of the sugar cane bagasse representing from 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the substrate.
  • the shredded wood plank is mainly obtained from the shredding of wooden pallets commonly used in industry to transport objects.
  • the ground board from step b) comprising gymnosperm fibers is treated with an actilex type product.
  • actilex is meant in the invention a colloidal liquid slurry of marine origin. Actilex is a compost activator that aims to speed up the decomposition process. Once added to gymnosperm fibers, this activator increases the amount of microorganisms allowing the decomposition of said fibers.
  • step b) comprises watering and / or turning over the crushed material, in order to accelerate the decomposition process.
  • watering can last from 5 to 20 mins with a frequency of one session every 3 to 5 hours, for example 10 mins every 4 hours.
  • Turning of the ground material is carried out in particular every 2 to 4 weeks (1 to 2 times per month), for example every 3 weeks.
  • the sugar cane bagasse before being mixed in step c), the sugar cane bagasse is previously composted.
  • This composting of cane bagasse can be accelerated by adding actilex, watering and turning.
  • watering can last from 5 to 20 mins with a frequency of one session every 3 to 5 hours, for example 10 mins every 4 hours.
  • the shredded material is turned over in particular 2 to 3 times a month.
  • the method for preparing the culture substrate comprises a step d) of mixing with the sludge coming from a wastewater purification system.
  • the sludge represents 5 to 25% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
  • the invention relates to a method for cultivating turf comprising the following steps:
  • the runners are taken from fields of turf cultivation, for example using a manual or mechanical mower of the manure spreader type and are spread using the same means or by hand for spreading.
  • the spreading of runners is carried out with 60 runners with a length of 0.50 mm to 0.80 mm per m 2 .
  • step b) is carried out with wastewater from a purification plant.
  • the cultivation process according to the invention thus makes it possible to have a positive impact on the environment by upgrading them and by preventing this wastewater from being directly discharged into the sea.
  • the cultivation medium is used. place near a treatment plant, especially less than 500 meters.
  • the wastewater is driven by backflow to a reserve located on the turf farm where the growing medium is placed.
  • this water is injected into an irrigation network of the growing medium, in particular using an electric pump, and distributed for example in a drip mode all along a network of flexible channels or by fixed drippers arranged on a mobile cart.
  • step a) is performed on a plastic sheet as described above.
  • the network of flexible channels for a drip water supply is arranged on said plastic sheet.
  • step b) is triggered by an electronic control taking into account the humidity level received using at least one sensor arranged in the culture medium.
  • the sensor is in particular a hydrometric probe.
  • the sensors are positioned at different locations on the turf farm. Each sensor takes an average measurement of the volume where it is positioned.
  • the electric control is preferably programmed to obtain a uniform humidity level throughout the operation. Watering is preferably carried out in the late afternoon hours, watering in the evening and / or in the morning.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a turf culture substrate, comprising a culture substrate composed of sugar cane bagasse and a gymnosperm fibre compost, the sugar cane bagasse constituting 30 to 50 wt % of the total weight of the culture substrate and the gymnosperm fibre compost constituting 30 to 50 wt % of the total weight of the culture substrate.

Description

Substrat de culture de gazon, procédé de préparation et de cultureLawn growing medium, method of preparation and cultivation
L’invention concerne un substrat de culture de gazon, un procédé de préparation d’un tel substrat ainsi qu’un procédé de culture du gazon utilisant ce substrat de culture.The invention relates to a substrate for cultivating turf, a method for preparing such a substrate as well as a method for cultivating turf using this growing substrate.
L'intérêt de mettre en œuvre un gazon en plaques lors de la création d'espaces verts ou de création de terrains de sports a toujours été confronté à des couts de transport, de manutention et des freins psychologiques inhérents à la dégradation naturelle de l'environnement (gazon en mottes de terre).The interest of implementing a sod when creating green spaces or creating sports grounds has always been confronted with costs of transport, handling and psychological brakes inherent in the natural degradation of the soil. environment (sod in clods of earth).
Concernant ce dernier point, divers systèmes sont utilisés pour produire du gazon par plaques ou en tapis. Par exemple le brevet FR7203670 décrit un support de billes de polystyrène en suspension. Regarding this last point, various systems are used to produce turf in patches or in carpets. For example, patent FR7203670 describes a support for polystyrene beads in suspension.
D’autres méthodes plus écologiques proposent l’utilisation d’un support de matière biodégradable de type polyuréthane souple expansé dans lequel le gazon est placé en deux couches et déposé directement sur le sol naturel pour l'obtention d'un tapis. Le brevet FR7636574 décrit également un support de culture composé d’écorce d'arbres broyée. Le brevet FR2477830 décrit quant à lui un support obtenu à partir de fil de lin dans lequel les graines sont placées en sandwich et déposé sur un sol imperméable de culture. Les demandes de brevet US20030066465, CN1509598, US20070253785, CN108307875, KR19980087795, CN1416665 et JP3155180U décrivent un support de culture réalisé à partir de déchets végétaux, qui est notamment utilisé pour la culture du gazon. Le document CN105659977 décrit un support de culture comprenant une couche de culture incluant des boues de stations d'épuration disposées entre deux couches de fibres végétales composées notamment de fibre de palmier à noix de coco.Other more ecological methods propose the use of a support of biodegradable material such as flexible polyurethane foam in which the grass is placed in two layers and deposited directly on the natural ground to obtain a carpet. Patent FR7636574 also describes a growing medium composed of crushed tree bark. Patent FR2477830, for its part, describes a support obtained from flax thread in which the seeds are placed in a sandwich and placed on an impermeable cultivation soil. Patent applications US20030066465, CN1509598, US20070253785, CN108307875, KR19980087795, CN1416665 and JP3155180U describe a culture medium produced from plant waste, which is used in particular for cultivating turf. Document CN105659977 describes a culture medium comprising a culture layer including sludge from sewage treatment plants placed between two layers of plant fibers composed in particular of coconut palm fiber.
Malheureusement, ces méthodes ne sont pas adaptées économiquement aux pays éloignés de centres industriels producteurs de matières premières.Unfortunately, these methods are not economically suitable for countries far from industrial centers producing raw materials.
Le brevet FR2552620 décrit un support de culture composé de bagasse de canne à sucre. Le brevet FR2964009 propose d’ajouter à un tel support des grains de polyacrylamide de sel de sodium, un polymère super absorbant permettant de diminuer l’arrosage du support. Malheureusement, un tel polymère nécessite d’être fabriqué spécialement dans cette utilisation unique et n’est pas en adéquation avec les valeurs environnementales actuelles.Patent FR2552620 describes a culture medium composed of sugar cane bagasse. Patent FR2964009 proposes adding to such a support grains of sodium salt polyacrylamide, a super absorbent polymer making it possible to reduce watering of the support. Unfortunately, such a polymer needs to be manufactured especially for this one-time use and is not in line with current environmental values.
L’invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients de l’art antérieur, en proposant un substrat de culture qui permette d’obtenir une meilleure croissance du gazon et dont la composition a un impact positif sur l’environnement.The aim of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art, by providing a culture substrate which makes it possible to obtain better grass growth and whose composition has a positive impact on the environment.
A cet effet, l’invention concerne un substrat de culture de gazon composé de bagasse de canne à sucre et d’un composte de fibres de gymnosperme, la bagasse de canne à sucre représentant de 30 à 50% en poids du poids total du substrat de culture et le composte de fibres de gymnosperme représentant 30 à 50% en poids du poids total du substrat de culture.To this end, the invention relates to a turf growing substrate composed of sugar cane bagasse and a compost of gymnosperm fibers, the sugar cane bagasse representing from 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the substrate. of culture and the compost of gymnosperm fibers representing 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
Le substrat de culture selon l’invention comprend ainsi ou est constitué par des déchets végétaux industriels. Ce substrat a donc un impact positif pour l’environnement puisqu’il permet une revalorisation de ces déchets, et évite l’utilisation de composés spécialement fabriqués pour la culture du gazon. Le composte de fibre de gymnosperme présente en outre deux avantages pour la culture du gazon. D’une part, ce composte a une capacité de rétention d’eau très importante et ralentit l’évaporation de cette dernière contenue dans les partie inférieures (plus proches du sol naturel). Ces effets permettent de diminuer la quantité d’eau utilisée pour l’arrosage des cultures de gazon, et assurent un taux d’humidité constant dans le substrat permettant une meilleure croissance du gazon. D’autre part, lorsque le substrat de culture est utilisé pour cultiver du gazon en zone ventée, il empêche sa dégradation sous les rafles de vent, le rendant ainsi insensible au vent. En effet, les constituants les plus légers sont retenus par le composte de fibres de gymnosperme, intrinsèquement plus lourd et auquel s’ajoute le poids de l’eau qu’il retient, assurant une très grande stabilité du substrat de culture. Enfin dans ce substrat, la résorption des apports fertilisants est plus rapide, ce qui permet également une meilleure croissance du gazon.The culture substrate according to the invention thus comprises or consists of industrial plant waste. This substrate therefore has a positive impact on the environment since it allows this waste to be recycled, and avoids the use of compounds specially manufactured for the cultivation of turf. In addition, gymnosperm fiber compost has two advantages for the cultivation of turf. On the one hand, this compost has a very high water retention capacity and slows down the evaporation of the latter contained in the lower parts (closer to the natural soil). These effects reduce the amount of water used for watering turf crops, and ensure a constant moisture level in the substrate allowing better turf growth. On the other hand, when the growing medium is used to cultivate grass in a windy area, it prevents its degradation under gusts of wind, thus making it insensitive to the wind. Indeed, the lightest constituents are retained by the compost of gymnosperm fibers, which is inherently heavier and to which is added the weight of the water it retains, ensuring very high stability of the growing medium. Finally in this substrate, the absorption of fertilizer inputs is faster, which also allows better growth of the grass.
La bagasse de canne à sucre est un résidu fibreux qui constitue, avec l'éthanol gazeux, un important déchet de l’industrie sucrière. Dans le substrat de l’invention, la bagasse de canne à sucre peut se présenter sous forme d’un composte de bagasse de canne à sucre.Sugar cane bagasse is a fibrous residue which, together with gaseous ethanol, is a major waste in the sugar industry. In the substrate of the invention, the sugarcane bagasse may be in the form of a compost of sugarcane bagasse.
Les fibres de gymnosperme sont notamment choisies parmi les fibres de bois d’arbre résineux et les fibres de bois d’arbre conifères. De préférence, les fibres de gymnospermes sont issues du tronc des arbres et non de leur écorce. Elles peuvent notamment être issues du broyage de palettes de bois couramment utilisées dans l’industrie pour transporter des marchandises. Les fibres de gymnosperme se présentent par exemple sous la forme de granulés d’une longueur de 2 à 5 cm et d’un diamètre de 2 à 10 mm, par exemple une longueur de 2 cm et un diamètre de 3 mm. The gymnosperm fibers are chosen in particular from coniferous tree wood fibers and coniferous tree wood fibers. Preferably, the gymnosperm fibers are obtained from the trunks of trees and not from their bark. They can in particular come from the grinding of wooden pallets commonly used in industry to transport goods. Gymnosperm fibers are for example in the form of granules with a length of 2 to 5 cm and a diameter of 2 to 10 mm, for example a length of 2 cm and a diameter of 3 mm.
Par « de 30 à 50% en poids », il est entendu dans l’invention 30% en poids, 31% en poids, 32% en poids, 33% en poids, 34% en poids, 35% en poids, 36% en poids, 37% en poids, 38% en poids, 39% en poids, 40% en poids, 41% en poids, 42% en poids, 43% en poids, 44% en poids, 45% en poids, 46% en poids, 47% en poids, 48% en poids, 49% en poids et 50% en poids.By "from 30 to 50% by weight", it is understood in the invention 30% by weight, 31% by weight, 32% by weight, 33% by weight, 34% by weight, 35% by weight, 36% by weight, 37% by weight, 38% by weight, 39% by weight, 40% by weight, 41% by weight, 42% by weight, 43% by weight, 44% by weight, 45% by weight, 46% by weight, 47% by weight, 48% by weight, 49% by weight and 50% by weight.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le substrat de culture comprend en outre de la boue provenant d’un système d’épuration des eaux usées. Notamment, la boue est de la boue séchée. According to one embodiment of the invention, the growing medium further comprises sludge from a wastewater treatment system. In particular, mud is dried mud.
Par « boue séchée », il est tendu dans l’invention une boue dont la siccité est supérieure à 85%. L’utilisation de boue séchée permet une meilleure homogénéisation de ce constituant au sein du substrat de culture. Cette boue séchée permet en outre de faciliter son stockage et sa manutention.By "dried sludge" is meant in the invention a sludge whose dryness is greater than 85%. The use of dried sludge allows better homogenization of this constituent within the growing medium. This dried sludge also makes it easier to store and handle.
Ici encore, le composé ajouté au substrat de culture provient d’une revalorisation d’un déchet industriel, renforçant l’impact positif du support de culture sur l’environnement. En outre, la boue des stations d’épuration comprend de la chaux qui permet de réguler le pH du substrat de culture pour atteindre un pH neutre (7) sans la nécessité d’utiliser de la chaux calcaire ou des régulateurs provenant de l’industrie chimique. Par ailleurs, la boue est une excellente source d’azote qui contribue fortement à la synthèse d’élément nutritifs à base d’azote, sans la nécessité d’apport en engrais tels que l’urée phosphate.Here again, the compound added to the growing medium comes from a recovery of industrial waste, reinforcing the positive impact of the growing medium on the environment. In addition, the sludge from wastewater treatment plants includes lime which helps to regulate the pH of the growing medium to reach a neutral pH (7) without the need to use limestone or regulators from industry. chemical. In addition, sludge is an excellent source of nitrogen which contributes greatly to the synthesis of nitrogen-based nutrients, without the need for fertilizers such as urea phosphate.
De préférence, la boue représentant de 5 à 25% en poids du poids total du substrat de culture.Preferably, the sludge representing from 5 to 25% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
Par « de 5 à 25% en poids », il est entendu dans l’invention 5% en poids, 6% en poids, 7% en poids, 8% en poids, 9% en poids, 10% en poids, 11% en poids, 12% en poids, 13% en poids, 14% en poids, 15% en poids, 16% en poids, 17% en poids, 18% en poids, 19% en poids, 20% en poids, 21% en poids, 22% en poids, 23% en poids, 24% en poids et 25% en poids.By "from 5 to 25% by weight", it is understood in the invention 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, 10% by weight, 11% by weight, 12% by weight, 13% by weight, 14% by weight, 15% by weight, 16% by weight, 17% by weight, 18% by weight, 19% by weight, 20% by weight, 21% by weight, 22% by weight, 23% by weight, 24% by weight and 25% by weight.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, la bagasse de canne à sucre et le composte de fibre de gymnosperme représentent préférentiellement de 30 à 45% en poids du poids total du substrat de culture. La combinaison de ces gammes de % en poids des composants du substrat permet d’obtenir les meilleurs rendements pour la culture du gazon ainsi que la meilleure croissance. Notamment, le substrat de culture comprend 40% en poids de bagasse de canne à sucre et de composte de fibre de gymnosperme et 20% en poids de boues, par rapport au poids totale du substrat de culture. In this embodiment, the sugarcane bagasse and the gymnosperm fiber compost preferably represent from 30 to 45% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate. The combination of these wt% ranges of the substrate components results in the best turf yields as well as the best growth. In particular, the culture substrate comprises 40% by weight of sugarcane bagasse and gymnosperm fiber compost and 20% by weight of sludge, relative to the total weight of the culture substrate.
L’invention concerne en outre un support de culture de gazon comprenant un substrat de culture tel que défini plus haut. The invention further relates to a turf growing medium comprising a growing substrate as defined above.
Le support de culture peut également comprendre une bâche en plastique servant de base sur laquelle est disposée le substrat de culture tel que décrit ci-dessus. La bâche en plastique présente notamment une épaisseur allant de 60 µm à 150 µm. La bâche peut être par exemple en polyane. La bâche en plastique peut être un ensemble de plusieurs unités superposées en partie les unes sur les autres de manière à former un escalier. Cet aspect est intéressant car il permet un écoulement de l’eau provenant de l’arrosage du substrat dans le sens descendant de l’escalier formé.The growing medium may also comprise a plastic sheet serving as a base on which the growing substrate as described above is placed. The plastic sheet notably has a thickness ranging from 60 μm to 150 μm. The tarpaulin can, for example, be made of polyane. The plastic sheeting can be a set of several units partly superimposed on top of each other so as to form a staircase. This aspect is interesting because it allows a flow of water from the watering of the substrate in the descending direction of the formed staircase.
Dans un mode de réalisation, une couche de stolons de gazon est disposée entre la bâche en plastique et le substrat de culture. Par « stolons » il est entendu des tiges d’herbe de la famille des Poacées et de la famille des Graminées. Ce mode de réalisation est tout particulièrement adapté pour la culture des gazons de la famille des Poacées et des Graminées, car ces derniers présentant une croissance racinaire ils ne peuvent pas être simplement épandus à la surface du substrat de culture. Leurs stolons sont donc disposés en dessous du substrat de culture, pour qu’ils puissent y croître à l’intérieur. La couche de stolons comprend notamment des stolons de 0,50 mm à 0,80 mm avec une densité de 50 à 70 stolons par m2, par exemple 60.In one embodiment, a layer of sod runners is disposed between the plastic sheeting and the growing medium. By "runners" is meant grass stems of the Poaceae family and of the Gramineae family. This embodiment is very particularly suitable for the cultivation of lawns of the Poaceae and Grasses family, since the latter having root growth, they cannot simply be spread on the surface of the culture substrate. Their runners are therefore placed below the growing medium, so that they can grow inside. The runner layer comprises in particular runners from 0.50 mm to 0.80 mm with a density of 50 to 70 runners per m 2 , for example 60.
L’invention concerne également un procédé de préparation d’un substrat de culture d’un support de culture de gazon comprenant les étapes suivantes :The invention also relates to a process for preparing a culture substrate of a lawn culture medium comprising the following steps:
a) le broyage de planche de bois comprenant des fibres de gymnosperme,a) grinding of wooden planks comprising gymnosperm fibers,
b) le compostage dudit broyat obtenu à l’étape a) aboutissant à l’obtention d’un composte de fibre de gymnosperme, etb) the composting of the said ground material obtained in step a) resulting in the production of a gymnosperm fiber compost, and
c) l’obtention d’un substrat de culture de gazon par le mélange du composte de fibre de gymnosperme obtenu à l’étape b) représentant de 30 à 50% en poids du poids total du substrat et de la bagasse de canne à sucre représentant de 30 à 50% en poids du poids total du substrat.c) obtaining a turf culture substrate by mixing the gymnosperm fiber compost obtained in step b) representing from 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the substrate and of the sugar cane bagasse representing from 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the substrate.
Comme il est mentionné plus haut, le broyat de planche de bois est notamment issue du broyage de palettes de bois couramment utilisées dans l’industrie pour transporter des objets.As mentioned above, the shredded wood plank is mainly obtained from the shredding of wooden pallets commonly used in industry to transport objects.
Dans un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le broyat de planche de l’étape b) comprenant des fibres de gymnosperme est traité avec un produit de type actilex. Par « actilex », il est entendu dans l’invention une bouillie liquide colloïdale d’origine marine. L’actilex un activateur de compost qui a pour but d’accélérer le processus de décomposition. Une fois ajouté aux fibres de gymnospermes, cet activateur permet d’accroître la quantité des micro-organismes permettant la décomposition desdites fibres.In one embodiment of the invention, the ground board from step b) comprising gymnosperm fibers is treated with an actilex type product. By "actilex" is meant in the invention a colloidal liquid slurry of marine origin. Actilex is a compost activator that aims to speed up the decomposition process. Once added to gymnosperm fibers, this activator increases the amount of microorganisms allowing the decomposition of said fibers.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, l’étape b) comprend un arrosage et/ou un retournement du broyat, afin d’accélérer le processus de décomposition. L’arrosage peut notamment durer de 5 à 20 mins avec une fréquence d’une session toutes les 3 à 5 heures, par exemple 10 mins toutes les 4 heures. Le retournement du broyat est effectué quant à lui notamment toutes les 2 à 4 semaines (1 à 2 fois par mois), par exemple toutes les 3 semaines.According to one embodiment of the invention, step b) comprises watering and / or turning over the crushed material, in order to accelerate the decomposition process. In particular, watering can last from 5 to 20 mins with a frequency of one session every 3 to 5 hours, for example 10 mins every 4 hours. Turning of the ground material is carried out in particular every 2 to 4 weeks (1 to 2 times per month), for example every 3 weeks.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, avant d’être mélangé lors de l’étape c), la bagasse de canne à sucre est préalablement compostée.According to one embodiment of the invention, before being mixed in step c), the sugar cane bagasse is previously composted.
Ce compostage de la bagasse de canne à sucre peut être accéléré par ajout d’actilex, un arrosage et un retournement. L’arrosage peut notamment durer de 5 à 20 mins avec une fréquence d’une session toutes les 3 à 5 heures, par exemple 10 mins toutes les 4 heures. Le retournement du broyat est effectué lui notamment 2 à 3 fois par mois.This composting of cane bagasse can be accelerated by adding actilex, watering and turning. In particular, watering can last from 5 to 20 mins with a frequency of one session every 3 to 5 hours, for example 10 mins every 4 hours. The shredded material is turned over in particular 2 to 3 times a month.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le procédé de préparation du substrat de culture comprend un étape d) de mélange avec de la boue provenant d’un système d’épuration des eaux usées.According to one embodiment of the invention, the method for preparing the culture substrate comprises a step d) of mixing with the sludge coming from a wastewater purification system.
Notamment, la boue représente 5 à 25% en poids du poids total du substrat de culture.In particular, the sludge represents 5 to 25% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
L’invention concerne enfin un procédé de culture de gazon comprenant les étapes suivantes :Finally, the invention relates to a method for cultivating turf comprising the following steps:
a) la mise en place d’un support de culture de gazona) the establishment of a grass growing medium
par l’épandage de stolons de gazon suivi de l’épandage d’un substrat de culture selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3, ou by spreading turf runners followed by spreading a growing medium according to one of claims 1 to 3, or
par l’épandage d’un substrat de culture selon l’une des revendication 1 à 3 suivi de l’épandage de graines de gazon, etby spreading a growing medium according to one of claims 1 to 3 followed by spreading grass seeds, and
b) l’irrigation dudit support.b) irrigation of said support.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, les stolons sont prélevés dans les champs de culture de gazon par exemple à l'aide d'une faucheuse manuelle ou mécanique de type épandeuse de fumier et sont répandus à l’aide des mêmes moyens ou à la main pour l’épandage. Par exemple l’épandage de stolons est réalisé avec 60 stolons d’une longueur 0,50 mm à 0,80 mm par m2.According to one embodiment of the invention, the runners are taken from fields of turf cultivation, for example using a manual or mechanical mower of the manure spreader type and are spread using the same means or by hand for spreading. For example, the spreading of runners is carried out with 60 runners with a length of 0.50 mm to 0.80 mm per m 2 .
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, l’étape b) est réalisée avec des eaux usées provenant d’une station d’épuration.According to one embodiment of the invention, step b) is carried out with wastewater from a purification plant.
Le procédé de culture selon l’invention permet ainsi d’avoir un impact positif sur l’environnement en les revalorisant et en évitant que ces eaux usées soient directement rejetées à la mer. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le support de culture est mis en place à proximité d’une station d’épuration, notamment à moins de 500 mètres. Les eaux usées sont conduites par refoulement jusqu'à une réserve située sur l’exploitation de gazon dans laquelle est réalisée la mise en place du support de culture. Puis ces eaux sont injectées dans un réseau d’irrigation du support de culture, notamment à l’aide d’une pompe électrique, et distribuées par exemple selon un mode en goutte à goutte tout le long d'un réseau de canaux souples ou par des goutteurs fixes disposés sur un chariot mobile.The cultivation process according to the invention thus makes it possible to have a positive impact on the environment by upgrading them and by preventing this wastewater from being directly discharged into the sea. In this embodiment, the cultivation medium is used. place near a treatment plant, especially less than 500 meters. The wastewater is driven by backflow to a reserve located on the turf farm where the growing medium is placed. Then this water is injected into an irrigation network of the growing medium, in particular using an electric pump, and distributed for example in a drip mode all along a network of flexible channels or by fixed drippers arranged on a mobile cart.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, l’étape a) est réalisée sur une bâche en plastique telle que décrite plus haut. Notamment, le réseau de canaux souples pour un approvisionnement en eau au goutte à goutte est disposé sur ladite bâche en plastique.According to one embodiment of the invention, step a) is performed on a plastic sheet as described above. In particular, the network of flexible channels for a drip water supply is arranged on said plastic sheet.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’étape b) est déclenchée par une commande électronique tenant compte du taux d’humidité reçu à l’aide d’au moins un capteur disposé dans le support de culture. Le capteur est notamment une sonde hydrométrique. Les capteurs sont positionnés à différents endroits de l’exploitation de gazon. Chaque capteur réalise une mesure moyenne du volume où il est positionné. La commande électrique est préférentiellement programmée pour obtenir un taux d’humidité homogène sur toute l’exploitation. L’arrosage est préférentiellement réalisé aux heures tardives de l’après-midi, un arrosage en soirée et/ou le matin.According to one embodiment, step b) is triggered by an electronic control taking into account the humidity level received using at least one sensor arranged in the culture medium. The sensor is in particular a hydrometric probe. The sensors are positioned at different locations on the turf farm. Each sensor takes an average measurement of the volume where it is positioned. The electric control is preferably programmed to obtain a uniform humidity level throughout the operation. Watering is preferably carried out in the late afternoon hours, watering in the evening and / or in the morning.

Claims (10)

  1. Substrat de culture de gazon composé de bagasse de canne à sucre et d’un composte de fibres de gymnosperme, la bagasse de canne à sucre représentant 30 à 50% en poids du poids total du substrat de culture et le composte de fibres de gymnosperme représentant de 30 à 50% en poids du poids total du substrat de culture.Turf growing medium composed of sugarcane bagasse and a compost of gymnosperm fibers, the sugarcane bagasse representing 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the growing medium and the compost of gymnosperm fibers representing from 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
  2. Substrat de culture selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le substrat de culture comprend en outre de la boue provenant d’un système d’épuration des eaux usées. A growing medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the growing medium further comprises sludge from a sewage treatment system.
  3. Substrat de culture selon revendication 2, la boue représentant de 5 à 25% en poids du poids total du substrat de culture.Culture substrate according to claim 2, the sludge representing 5 to 25% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
  4. Procédé de préparation d’un substrat de culture d’un support de culture de gazon comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a) le broyage de planche de bois comprenant des fibres de gymnosperme,
    b) le compostage dudit broyat obtenu à l’étape a) aboutissant à l’obtention d’un composte de fibre de gymnosperme, et
    c) l’obtention d’un substrat de culture de gazon par le mélange du composte de fibre de gymnosperme obtenu à l’étape b) représentant de 30 à 50% en poids du poids total du substrat et de la bagasse de canne à sucre représentant de 30 à 50% en poids du poids total du substrat.    A process for preparing a growing substrate for a turf growing medium comprising the following steps:
    a) grinding of wooden planks comprising gymnosperm fibers,
    b) composting said ground material obtained in step a) resulting in obtaining a compost of gymnosperm fiber, and
    c) obtaining a turf culture substrate by mixing the gymnosperm fiber compost obtained in step b) representing from 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the substrate and of the sugar cane bagasse representing from 30 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the substrate.
  5. Procédé de préparation selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le broyat de planche de l’étape b) comprenant des fibres de gymnosperme est traité avec un produit de type actilex.Preparation process according to claim 4, characterized in that the ground board from step b) comprising gymnosperm fibers is treated with an actilex type product.
  6. Procédé de préparation selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que l’étape b) comprend un arrosage et/ou un retournement du broyat.Preparation process according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that step b) comprises spraying and / or turning the ground material.
  7. Procédé de préparation selon l’une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le procédé de préparation du substrat de culture comprend un étape d) de mélange avec de la boue provenant d’un système d’épuration des eaux usées.Preparation process according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the preparation process for the culture substrate comprises a step d) of mixing with sludge from a wastewater treatment system.
  8. Procédé de préparation selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la boue représente 5 à 25% en poids du poids total du substrat de culture.Preparation process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the sludge represents 5 to 25% by weight of the total weight of the culture substrate.
  9. Procédé de culture de gazon comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a) la mise en place d’un support de culture de gazon
    par l’épandage de stolons de gazon suivi de l’épandage d’un substrat de culture selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3, ou
    par l’épandage d’un substrat de culture selon l’une des revendication 1 à 3 suivi de l’épandage de graines de gazon, et
    b) l’irrigation dudit support.    Turf cultivation process comprising the following steps:
    a) the establishment of a grass growing medium
    by spreading turf runners followed by spreading a culture substrate according to one of claims 1 to 3, or
    by spreading a cultivation substrate according to one of claims 1 to 3 followed by the spreading of grass seeds, and
    b) irrigation of said support.
  10. Procédé de culture de gazon selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l’étape b) est réalisée avec des eaux usées provenant d’une station d’épuration.A method of cultivating turf according to claim 9, characterized in that step b) is carried out with wastewater from a purification plant.
PCT/EP2021/063556 2020-05-20 2021-05-20 Turf culture substrate, and preparation and culture method WO2021234126A1 (en)

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FR2005369A FR3110323A1 (en) 2020-05-20 2020-05-20 Lawn growing medium, method of preparation and cultivation

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FR2552620A1 (en) 1983-10-03 1985-04-05 Thie Ah Koon Andre Method for the production of a turf carpet whose culture substrate is composed mainly of sugarcane trash.
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