WO2021232945A1 - 一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置 - Google Patents

一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021232945A1
WO2021232945A1 PCT/CN2021/083657 CN2021083657W WO2021232945A1 WO 2021232945 A1 WO2021232945 A1 WO 2021232945A1 CN 2021083657 W CN2021083657 W CN 2021083657W WO 2021232945 A1 WO2021232945 A1 WO 2021232945A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam
wastewater
chamber
boiler
mixing device
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PCT/CN2021/083657
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戎建华
谢乃普
季凯
南立志
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杭州万得斯环保科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202020844189.3U external-priority patent/CN212559532U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202010427881.0A external-priority patent/CN111470566A/zh
Application filed by 杭州万得斯环保科技有限公司 filed Critical 杭州万得斯环保科技有限公司
Priority to AU2021275700A priority Critical patent/AU2021275700A1/en
Publication of WO2021232945A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021232945A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

Definitions

  • the invention relates to boiler wastewater treatment in the field of environmental protection, in particular to a device for removing salt and impurities in boiler wastewater and reusing it.
  • the usual treatment method for boiler wastewater discharged from the boiler is to discharge it into an expansion vessel, flash vaporize in the expansion vessel, and then become a mixture of steam and water.
  • the steam part is connected to the deaerator for use (for example, the boiler Even drainage, its heat utilization is generally not more than 15%), most of which are directly discharged to sewage wells or trenches, and then discharged to the sewage treatment plant through the sewage pipe network. Because of its high temperature and high salinity, it not only affects the surrounding environment It causes serious harm, and causes a lot of waste of water and heat, increases the load of sewage treatment, and direct discharge causes a lot of waste of high-quality water resources and thermal pollution problems.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for effectively treating and reusing boiler wastewater and impurities, thereby realizing "zero discharge" of boiler wastewater.
  • a boiler waste water desalination mixing device comprising a body, a steam inlet and a steam outlet at both ends of the body, and a waste water inlet at the side end.
  • the body is provided with an expansion chamber connected with the steam inlet and an outlet chamber connected with the steam outlet, and
  • the mixing chamber between the expansion chamber and the outlet chamber, the expansion chamber and the mixing chamber are communicated by a rotary accelerating pipe, an adsorption filter for trapping salt is provided between the mixing chamber and the outlet chamber, and the wastewater inlet passes
  • the annular pipeline is connected with the rotating acceleration pipe; steam enters from the steam inlet, enters the rotating acceleration pipe after passing through the expansion chamber, and the steam is accelerated by the rotating acceleration pipe to produce a swirling flow.
  • the speed of the swirling flow is proportional to the flow rate of the steam, and the faster the flow rate is , The faster the rotation speed.
  • the steam contacts and gasifies (flash) the waste water sprayed from the annular pipe in the back section of the rotating accelerating pipe. Since the passing steam medium is in a state of rotating circulation, the contact area between the steam medium and the waste water is increased, which is beneficial to improve the steam. Uniformity between wastewater and wastewater.
  • the cross section of the expansion chamber is larger than the pipe section of the steam inlet, and a funnel-shaped baffle is provided at the connection with the rotating acceleration tube;
  • the baffle can slow down the impact of the steam entering the port on the subsequent equipment, and at the same time guide the steam into the rotating accelerating tube.
  • the inner wall of the front section connected to the expansion chamber is provided with spiral grooves or helical blades on the inner wall of the rotary accelerating tube, so that the steam flow rate after entering the rotary accelerating tube is accelerated and rotates.
  • the rear end of the rotation acceleration tube is a smooth inner wall, and the smooth inner wall is provided with a number of nozzle holes in the circumferential direction.
  • the misty wastewater and the rotating steam are fully contacted and mixed in the spiral channel, so that the wastewater is instantly evaporated into steam and merged into the mixing chamber.
  • an orifice plate is provided on the outlet side of the rotary acceleration tube, and the orifice plate is composed of a plurality of orifice plates provided with flow holes.
  • the function of the orifice plate is to protect the filter screen behind from being impacted by high-velocity media. And reduce the use effect or damage.
  • the flow cross section of the mixing chamber is larger than the cross section of the rotating acceleration tube, and the upper side or the side is provided with inspection holes; the inspection holes are convenient for maintenance personnel to enter and exit the equipment for maintenance operations, and at the same time facilitate the internal adsorption filter and orifice plate replace.
  • the material of the adsorption filter is a nano-scale metal filter, and the nano-scale metal filter can effectively adsorb and trap the salt in the mixed steam.
  • the adsorption filter screen is composed of several filter screens.
  • the expansion chamber and the outlet chamber are each provided with a pressure difference indicator.
  • the pressure difference between the two ends will increase, and when the threshold is reached, the Signal, the control system alarms and stops the operation of the equipment, reminding the filter to be cleaned.
  • the expansion chamber, the mixing chamber, and the outlet chamber are each provided with a sewage outlet on the lower side, and a cleaning water inlet on the upper side, and each sewage outlet is connected with a drainage pipe for discharging cleaned water and impurities.
  • the invention accelerates the saturated steam of the boiler through a rotating accelerating tube to produce a swirling flow.
  • the back section of the rotating accelerating tube is in contact with the waste water sprayed from the annular pipe and gasified (flashed).
  • the rotating accelerating tube adds steam medium and waste water.
  • the contact area is beneficial to improve the uniformity between steam and waste water, so that the waste water is instantly gasified, and then through the adsorption filter, the inorganic salts contained in the waste water will crystallize on the adsorption filter and be adsorbed on the adsorption filter.
  • the impurities in the wastewater are directly intercepted by the adsorption filter, and the purified mixed steam can reach the quality of the original steam.
  • the boiler wastewater and impurities are effectively treated and reused, thereby realizing "zero discharge" of boiler wastewater. .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the mechanism of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the funnel-shaped baffle of the present invention.
  • Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2 are schematic diagrams of the rotating accelerating tube of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the annular pipe, atomizing nozzle and waste water inlet of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure relationship when the annular pipe, the atomizing nozzle and the waste water inlet are combined according to the present invention
  • Figure 7-1 is a schematic diagram of the orifice plate of the present invention consisting of one piece
  • Figure 7-2 is a schematic diagram of the orifice plate of the present invention consisting of several pieces
  • Figure 8-1 is a schematic diagram of the adsorption filter of the present invention composed of one piece
  • Figure 8-2 is a schematic diagram of the adsorption filter screen of the present invention composed of several blocks
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation and replacement of the adsorption filter screen of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the installation and replacement of the orifice plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 11-1 is a schematic diagram of the work of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11-2 is a flowchart of the present invention
  • Figure 12-1 is a schematic diagram of the cleaning of the present invention.
  • Figure 12-2 is the cleaning flow chart of the present invention.
  • steam inlet 1 machine body 2; pressure difference indicator 3; cleaning water inlet 4; outlet chamber 5; annular pipe 6; waste water inlet 7; manhole 8; sewage outlet 9; spiral groove or spiral blade 10; Drainage pipe 11; expansion chamber 12; funnel-shaped baffle 13; rotating acceleration tube 14; atomizing nozzle 15; orifice plate 16; mixing chamber 17; adsorption filter 18; steam outlet 19; nozzle hole 20.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 including a body 2, a steam inlet 1 and a steam outlet 19 at both ends of the body 2, and a waste water inlet 7 at the side end, characterized in that: the body 2 is provided with an expansion chamber 12 communicating with the steam inlet 1 , The outlet chamber 5 connected to the steam outlet 19, and the mixing chamber 17 between the expansion chamber 12 and the outlet chamber 5.
  • the expansion chamber 12 and the mixing chamber 17 are in communication with each other through a rotary accelerating tube 14, the mixing chamber 17 and
  • the outlet chamber 5 is provided with an adsorption filter 18 for adsorbing salts and trapping impurities.
  • the wastewater inlet 7 is connected to the rotary accelerating pipe 14 through the annular pipe 6; steam enters from the steam inlet 1 and enters the rotary after passing through the expansion chamber 12
  • the accelerating tube 14, the steam is accelerated by the rotating accelerating tube 14 to produce a swirling flow, and in the back section of the rotating accelerating tube 14, the exhaust gas entering from the annular pipe 6 is fully contacted and gasified.
  • the gasified boiler wastewater and steam are in the mixing chamber 17 forms mixed steam, the salt in the mixed steam is adsorbed and retained by the adsorption filter 18, and the filtered steam is discharged from the steam outlet 19 through the outlet chamber 5.
  • the steam is accelerated by the rotating accelerating tube to produce a swirling flow.
  • the speed of the swirling flow is proportional to the flow rate of the steam. The faster the flow rate, the faster the rotation speed.
  • the steam contacts the waste water sprayed from the annular pipe at the back of the rotating accelerating tube.
  • Para-gasification flash evaporation
  • the contact area between the steam medium and the wastewater is increased, which is beneficial to improve the uniformity between the steam and the wastewater.
  • the inorganic salts contained in the wastewater will not evaporate with the water, these salts will crystallize on the adsorption filter when they pass through the adsorption filter, and are adsorbed on the adsorption filter, while the impurities in the wastewater are directly adsorbed
  • the filter screen intercepts, and the steam can smoothly pass through the adsorption filter screen, so the mixed steam is desalinated and purified. The quality of the purified mixed steam can reach the quality of the original steam.
  • the boiler wastewater itself has the characteristics of high temperature and high pressure.
  • the saturated steam of the boiler is used to flash and mix the wastewater, so that the wastewater is instantly gasified. Then the non-evaporable salts and impurities in the wastewater are removed by the adsorption and filtration of the adsorption filter.
  • the purified steam can continue to be used by equipment such as steam turbines or other users to achieve the purpose of energy saving and zero emissions.
  • the funnel-shaped baffle 13 and the adsorption filter screen 18 divide the inside of the device into three areas, namely the expansion chamber 12, the mixing chamber 17, and the outlet chamber 5.
  • the adsorption filter screen 18 is a replaceable part, which is generally divided into several pieces to facilitate putting in or taking out from the inspection port, and fix it on the inner wall of the body 2 with bolts.
  • the function of the funnel-shaped baffle 13 is to slow down the impact of the medium and reduce the flow resistance of the medium, so as to slow down the impact of the steam entering the port on the subsequent equipment, and at the same time guide the steam into the rotating accelerating tube 14.
  • the rotating acceleration tube 14 is composed of a section of pipe with spiral blades or spiral grooves and a section of smooth pipe.
  • the steam flow rate after entering the rotating accelerating tube is accelerated, and because the inside of the tube wall is provided with spiral blades or spiral grooves, the medium passing through the pipeline rotates and enters the smooth tube at the back section.
  • the fluid Under the condition of high speed and rotation, the fluid fully contacts the waste water sprayed from the atomizing nozzles arranged in the periphery of the smooth tube, so that the waste water is instantly evaporated into steam and merged into the mixing chamber.
  • the smooth tube can reduce the rotation resistance.
  • the back end of the rotating acceleration tube 14 is a smooth inner wall, and the smooth inner wall is provided with a number of nozzle holes 20 in the circumferential direction.
  • the atomizing nozzle 15 installed on the nozzle hole 20 communicates with the annular pipe 6 and the rotating accelerator tube 14, and the annular pipe 6. It is an outer ring surrounding the rear end of the rotation acceleration pipe 14 and there is a large gap between the rotation acceleration pipe 14 and the upper part of the annular pipe 6 communicates with the waste water inlet 7.
  • the high-salt wastewater enters the annular pipe 6 through the wastewater inlet 7, and then sprays the atomized wastewater into the smooth part of the rear end of the rotating acceleration pipe 14 through the atomizing nozzle 15, and mixes with high-temperature steam.
  • the atomized wastewater adds the steam medium and wastewater.
  • the contact area is more conducive to improving the uniformity between steam and waste water, so that the waste water is instantly gasified, as shown in Figure 6, which shows the connection relationship between the rotating acceleration pipe 14, the atomizing nozzle 15, and the annular pipe 6.
  • the orifice plate 16 is placed at the outlet of the rotary accelerating tube 14 to slow down the impact of the mixed medium sprayed from the rotary accelerating tube 14 on the rear adsorption filter 18, and at the same time to facilitate maintenance
  • the orifice plate 16 can generally be divided into several pieces and fixed on the inner wall of the body 2 with bolts.
  • the adsorption filter 18 is a nano-scale metal filter used to adsorb and filter the inorganic salt in the mixed medium. It needs to be replaced after adsorbing too much inorganic salt, so it belongs to Consumable parts. In order to facilitate maintenance and replacement from the manhole 8, it is generally divided into several pieces and fixed on the inner wall of the body 2 with bolts.
  • the overhaul hole 8 is convenient for maintenance personnel to enter and exit the equipment for maintenance operations, and it is convenient to replace the internal adsorption filter 18 and the orifice plate 16; on the top of the body 2 is also provided There are three cleaning water inlets 4, which are used to inject water into different areas (expansion chamber 12, mixing chamber 17, and outlet chamber 5) for cleaning.
  • the bottom of the body 2 is provided with a sewage outlet 9 for each area (the expansion chamber 12, the mixing chamber 17, and the outlet chamber 5).
  • the sewage outlet 9 is connected with the drainage pipe 11 for draining washing water and impurities.
  • the expansion chamber 12 and the outlet chamber 5 inside the body 2 are equipped with a differential pressure indicator 3.
  • the differential pressure indicator 3 can be a pressure transmitter or an electric contact pressure gauge for measuring the internal pressure of the body. By detecting the pressure difference between the steam inlet 1 and the steam outlet 19, the degree of clogging of the adsorption filter 18 can be judged and whether cleaning is required.
  • the working process of the present invention steam enters from the steam inlet, enters the rotating accelerating tube after passing through the expansion chamber, and the steam is accelerated by the rotating accelerating tube to produce a swirling flow, and it is rotating accelerated
  • the back section of the pipe fully contacts and gasifies the exhaust gas entering from the annular pipe.
  • the gasified boiler wastewater and steam form mixed steam in the mixing chamber.
  • the salt in the mixed steam is absorbed and retained by the adsorption filter, and the filtered steam passes through the outlet.
  • the chamber is discharged from the steam outlet, and the purified steam can continue to be supplied to steam turbines and other equipment or other users to achieve the purpose of energy saving and zero emissions.
  • the steam produced by general industrial boilers has a rated pressure of 1.0 ⁇ 3.8MPa (180-247°C) or higher, while the steam required by most thermal users has a pressure of approximately 0.5-3.5MPa (152- 243°C), so there is a pressure difference and a temperature difference. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of heat users, most companies are equipped with "double reduction” (temperature reduction and pressure reducer) between the extraction of steam from the boiler or steam turbine and the output steam. When the waste water and steam are mixed, the temperature or pressure of the original steam is reduced. The temperature or pressure of the original steam is reduced by "double reduction". The pressure remains the same, and a large amount of desalinated water is saved at the same time (the amount saved is approximately equal to the amount of waste water recovered).
  • the requirements of boiler water quality under different steam pressures are given.
  • the boiler feed water conductivity 25°C
  • the value is: conductivity ⁇ 80.0 ⁇ S/cm, which is the highest requirement for water quality of industrial boilers under various pressures, and we take this conductivity as the goal of wastewater treatment.
  • the minimum requirement of the boiler water quality under this standard is 6.4 ⁇ 103 ⁇ S/cm, and this conductivity is used as the influent water quality of wastewater treatment.
  • test data are the test data of steam before entering the device (Table 1) and the test data of steam passing through wastewater mixed at the outlet of the device (Table 2):
  • the pH of the input steam is 8.76
  • the conductivity is 5.54 ⁇ s/cm
  • the hardness (CaCO2) is 1.14mg/L.
  • the pH of the outlet steam after the steam and wastewater are mixed and treated in the device of the present invention The value is 7.97
  • the conductivity is 5.02 ⁇ s/cm
  • the hardness (CaCO2) is 0.442mg/L.
  • the difference between the input and output steam quality (water quality) is very small, and its absolute value is much smaller than According to the requirements of GB/T1576-2018 for feed water and boiler water, the steam after the steam and waste water are mixed and treated in the device of the present invention can continue to be supplied to heat users.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，将锅炉的饱和蒸汽通过旋转加速管使其加速产生旋流，在旋转加速管后段与从环形管道喷入的废水接触并气化(闪蒸)，旋转加速管增加了蒸汽介质和废水的接触面积,有利于提高蒸汽和废水之间的均匀度，使废水瞬间气化，再经吸附滤网，使得废水中所含的无机盐份在吸附滤网上形成结晶而被吸附在吸附滤网上，同时废水中的杂质则直接被吸附滤网拦截，经过净化后的混合蒸汽，其品质可以达到原蒸汽的品质，有效处理锅炉废水和杂质并进行再利用，从而实现锅炉废水的"零排放"。

Description

一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置 技术领域
本发明涉及环保领域中的锅炉废水处理，具体涉及一种去除锅炉废水中的盐分和杂质，并再利用的装置。
背景技术
《工业锅炉水质标准》GB/T1576-2018规定了锅炉给水和炉水的水质标准，为了保证蒸汽的品质，需要从锅炉汽包内(水汽分界处)连续不断的排放废水，这些废水含有磷酸盐、钙镁离子的沉积物、二氧化硅(溶解固形物)等杂质，锅炉运行中主要是通过控制锅炉内的水质来保证锅炉安全和所产的蒸汽品质。
目前这种从锅炉排出的锅炉废水通常的处理方法是，排入一个扩容器，在扩容器内进行闪蒸后成为蒸汽和水的混合物，其中蒸汽部分被接到除氧器加以利用(例如锅炉连排水，其热量的利用一般不超过15％)，绝大多数都是直接排放到污水井或者地沟，然后通过污水管网排放至污水处理厂，因其高温和高盐性，不仅给周围环境造成严重危害，而且造成大量水资源和热能白白浪费，加大了污水处理的负荷，直排造成大量优质水资源的浪费及热污染问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种有效处理锅炉废水和杂质并进行再利用，从而实现锅炉废水“零排放”的装置。
为了达到上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，包括机体，机体两端的蒸汽入口和蒸汽出口，及侧端的废水进口，所述机体内设有与蒸汽入口连通的扩容室，与蒸汽出口连接的出口室，及扩容室与出口室之间的混合室，所述扩容室与混合室之间通过旋转加速管连通，所述混合室与出口室之间设有用于截留盐分的吸附滤网，所述废水进口通过环形管道与旋转加速管连通；蒸汽从蒸汽入口进入，经扩容室后进入旋转加速管，蒸汽通过旋转加速管使其加速产生旋流，旋流的速度和蒸汽的流速成正比关系，流速越快，旋转速度也越快。蒸汽在旋转加速管后段与从环形管道喷入的废水接触并气化(闪蒸)，由于通过的蒸汽介质处于旋转流通的状况,因此增加了蒸汽介质和废水的接触面积,有利于提高蒸汽和废水之间的均匀度。
优选地，所述扩容室截面大于蒸汽入口的管道截面，与旋转加速管连接处设有漏斗状挡板；扩容室通流截面大于入气口的通流截面，可以有效降低蒸汽的流速，漏斗状挡板可以减缓进入口的蒸汽对后续设备的冲击，同时引导蒸汽进入旋转加速管。
优选地，所述旋转加速管在与扩容室连接的前段内壁设有螺旋槽或螺旋叶片,使得进入旋转加速管后的蒸汽流速被加快并发生旋转。
优选地，所述旋转加速管后端为光滑内壁，所述光滑内壁周向设有若干喷嘴小孔，通过安装在喷嘴小孔上的雾化喷嘴连通环形管道和旋转加速管，雾化喷嘴喷出的雾状废水与旋转的蒸汽在螺旋通道内充分接触混合，使废水瞬时被蒸发成为蒸汽，合并流入混合室。
优选地，所述旋转加速管的出口侧设有孔板，所述孔板由若干设有过流孔的孔板组合而成，孔板作用是保护后面的滤网避免受高流速的介质冲击而降低使用效果或损坏。
优选地，所述混合室的通流截面大于旋转加速管的截面，上侧或侧面设有检修孔；检修孔方便检修人员进出设备进行维修作业，同时方便对内部的吸附滤网和孔板进行更换。
优选地，所述吸附滤网的材质采用纳米级的金属滤网，纳米级金属滤网可有效的吸附截留混合蒸汽中的盐分。
优选地，所述吸附滤网由若干个滤网组成。
优选地，所述扩容室和出口室上侧各设有压差发讯器，当吸附滤网上因盐分结晶过多而堵塞时，两端的压差将会变大，达到设定阈值时，发出信号，控制系统报警并停止设备运行，提醒滤网需要清洗。
优选地，所述扩容室、混合室和出口室下侧各设有排污口，上侧各设有清洗水入口，各排污口与排水管道相连，用于排出清洗过的水和杂质。
本发明将锅炉的饱和蒸汽通过旋转加速管使其加速产生旋流，在旋转加速管后段与从环形管道喷入的废水接触并气化(闪蒸)，旋转加速管增加了蒸汽介质和废水的接触面积,有利于提高蒸汽和废水之间的均匀度，使废水瞬间气化，再经吸附滤网，使得废水中所含的无机盐份在吸附滤网上形成结晶而被吸附在吸附滤网上，同时废水中的杂质则直接被吸附滤网拦截，经过净化后的混合蒸汽，其品质可以达到原蒸汽的品质，有效处理锅炉废水和杂质并进行再利用，从而实现锅炉废水的“零排放”。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的机构透视图；
图3是本发明的漏斗状挡板示意图；
图4-1和图4-2是本发明的旋转加速管示意图；
图5是本发明的环形管道、雾化喷嘴和废水入口示意图；
图6是本发明环形管道、雾化喷嘴和废水入口组合时的结构关系示意图；
图7-1是本发明的孔板由一块组成的示意图；
图7-2是本发明的孔板由若干块组成的示意图；
图8-1是本发明的吸附滤网由一块组成示意图；
图8-2是本发明的吸附滤网由若干块组成示意图；
图9是本发明的吸附滤网安装、更换示意图；
图10是本发明的孔板安装、更换示意图；
图11-1是本发明的工作示意图；
图11-2是本发明的流程图；
图12-1是本发明的清洗示意图；
图12-2是本发明的清洗流程图。
附图中：蒸汽入口1；机体2；压差发讯器3；清洗水入口4；出口室5；环形管道6；废水进口7；检修孔8；排污口9；螺旋槽或螺旋叶片10；排水管道11；扩容室12；漏斗状挡板13；旋转加速管14；雾化喷嘴15；孔板16；混合室17；吸附滤网18；蒸汽出口19；喷嘴小孔20。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图，对本发明的实施作进一步详细的描述：
见图1、图2，包括机体2，机体2两端的蒸汽入口1和蒸汽出口19，及侧端的废水进口7，其特征在于：所述机体2内设有与蒸汽入口1连通的扩容室12，与蒸汽出口19连接的出口室5，及扩容室12与出口室5之间的混合室17，所述扩容室12与混合室17之间通过旋转加速管14连通，所述混合室17与出口室5之间设有用于吸附盐份和截留杂质的吸附 滤网18，所述废水进口7通过环形管道6与旋转加速管14连通；蒸汽从蒸汽入口1进入，经扩容室12后进入旋转加速管14，蒸汽通过旋转加速管14使其加速产生旋流，并在旋转加速管14后段与从环形管道6进入的废气充分接触并气化，气化后的锅炉废水与蒸汽在混合室17形成混合蒸汽，通过吸附滤网18将混合蒸汽中的盐分吸附截留，过滤后的蒸汽经出口室5从蒸汽出口19排出。
蒸汽通过旋转加速管使其加速产生旋流，旋流的速度和蒸汽的流速成正比关系，流速越快，旋转速度也越快，蒸汽在旋转加速管后段与从环形管道喷入的废水接触并气化(闪蒸)，由于通过的蒸汽介质处于旋转流通的状况,因此增加了蒸汽介质和废水的接触面积,有利于提高蒸汽和废水之间的均匀度。
由于废水中所含的无机盐份不会随着水分蒸发，因此这些盐份在通过吸附滤网时在吸附滤网上形成结晶，且被吸附在吸附滤网上，同时废水中的杂质则直接被吸附滤网拦截，蒸汽则可顺利通过吸附滤网，因此使混合蒸汽得到了除盐和净化，经过净化后的混合蒸汽，其品质可以达到原蒸汽的品质。
通过锅炉废水本身具有高温、高压的特点，利用锅炉的饱和蒸汽对废水进行闪蒸并混合，使废水瞬间气化，再经吸附滤网的吸附和过滤去除废水中不能蒸发的盐分和杂质，使得经过净化后的蒸汽能继续供给汽轮机等设备或其他用户使用，以达到节能和零排放的目的。
见图3，漏斗状挡板13和吸附滤网18将装置的内部隔成3个区域，即扩容室12、混合室17和出口室5。其中吸附滤网18属于可更换部件，一般分成若干块，以便于从检修口放入或取出，用螺栓将其固定在机体2的内壁上。漏斗状挡板13的作用是减缓介质的冲击和降低介质流动阻力，以减缓进入口的蒸汽对后续设备的冲击，同时引导蒸汽进入旋转加速管14。
见图4-1和图4-2，旋转加速管14是由一段带有螺旋叶片或螺旋槽的管道和一段光滑管道组成，主要是收缩介质的通流截面，在流量不变的情况下，进入旋转加速管后的蒸汽流速被加快，并由于管壁内部设有螺旋叶片或者螺旋槽，使得通过该管道的介质发生旋转，进入后段的光滑管。流体在高速和旋转的条件下，在光滑管内与设在周边一圈的雾化喷嘴内喷出的废水充分接触，使废水瞬时被蒸发成为蒸汽，合并流入混合室，光滑管道可减少旋转阻力。
见图5，旋转加速管14后端为光滑内壁，光滑内壁周向设有若干喷嘴小孔20，通过安装在喷嘴小孔20上的雾化喷嘴15连通环形管道6和旋转加速管14，环形管道6是围绕在旋转加速管道14后端的外圈，并且和旋转加速管道14之间有较大间隙，环形管道6的上方与废水进口7连通。高盐废水通过废水进口7进入环形管道6，然后经雾化喷嘴15向旋转加速管道14后端的光滑部内喷射雾化后的废水，与高温蒸汽混合，雾化后的废水增加了蒸汽介质和废水的接触面积,更有利于提高蒸汽和废水之间的均匀度，使废水瞬间气化，见图6，显示了旋转加速管道14、雾化喷嘴15、环形管道6之间的连接关系。
见图7-1和图7-2，孔板16置于旋转加速管14的出口，用于减缓从旋转加速管14喷出的混合介质对后面的吸附滤网18的冲击，同时为方便检修和更换，孔板16一般可以分成若干块，用螺栓固定在机体2的内壁上。
见图8-1和图8-2，吸附滤网18，是一种纳米级的金属过滤网,用于吸附和过滤混合后介质中的无机盐，吸附过多无机盐后需要更换，因此属于消耗件。为了便于从人孔8进行检修和更换，一般分成若干块，用螺栓固定在机体2的内壁上。
在机体2的顶部(或者侧面)有一个检修孔8，检修孔8方便检修人员进出设备进行维修作业，同时方便对内部的吸附滤网18和孔板16进行更换；在机体2的顶部还设有3个清洗水入口4，用于给内部不同的区域(扩容室12、混合室17、出口室5)注水清洗。
机体2的底部相对于每个区域(扩容室12、混合室17、出口室5)都设有排污口9，排污 口9和排水管道11相连，用于排出清洗水和杂质。
在机体2内部的扩容室12和出口室5设置了压差发讯器3，压差发讯器3可采用压力变送器也可用电接点压力表等用于测量机体内部压力的设备，通过检测蒸汽入口1和蒸汽出口19间的压力差，以此来判断吸附滤网18被堵塞的程度，并决定是否需要清洗。
见图9所示，显示了吸附滤网18通过人孔8进行安装或者更换的情况；
见图10所示，显示了孔板16通过人孔8进行安装或者更换的情况；
见图11-1和图11-2所示，本发明的工作流程，蒸汽从蒸汽入口进入，经扩容室后进入旋转加速管，蒸汽通过旋转加速管使其加速产生旋流，并在旋转加速管后段与从环形管道进入的废气充分接触并气化，气化后的锅炉废水与蒸汽在混合室形成混合蒸汽，通过吸附滤网将混合蒸汽中的盐分吸附截留，过滤后的蒸汽经出口室从蒸汽出口排出，过净化后的蒸汽能继续供给汽轮机等设备或其他用户使用，以达到节能和零排放的目的。
见图12-1和图12-2所示，当吸附滤网被堵赛的时候，将清洗水从清洗水入口4注入，灌满并浸泡整个机体2的内部区域(扩容室12、混合室17、出口室5)，清洗完成后将水从排污口9排出。
一般的工业锅炉所产生的蒸汽，其额定压力为1.0～3.8MPa(180-247℃)或者更高，而绝大多数的热用户所需要的蒸汽，其压力大致为0.5-3.5MPa(152-243℃)，所以这里就有一个压差和温差。因此多数企业为了满足热用户的需要，在从锅炉或汽轮机抽汽到输出蒸汽之间还配有“双减”(减温减压器)，“双减”使用时需要加入除盐水。当废水和蒸汽混合后，使得原蒸汽的温度或压力有所下降，通过“双减”进行减温减压来调节，如少减或者不减，而是通过本装置，使得输出蒸汽的温度或压力不变，同时还节约了大量的除盐水(节约的量约等于回收的废水量)。
这样不但回收和处理了锅炉废水,避免了直接排放,并且几乎将高温废水的中热量99％都回收利用了(除了管道损失等),并且还节约了除盐水。达到了节能和零排放的目的。
按照GB/T1576-2018中给出了在不同蒸汽压力下，锅炉水质的要求，从电导率指标来看，其中锅炉给水电导率(25℃)在蒸汽压力(MPa)2.5＜p＜3.8时的数值为：电导率≤80.0μS/cm，该数值为工业锅炉在各种压力下水质的最高要求，我们且将此电导率作为废水处理的目标。同时将该标准下的锅水水质要求最低要求为6.4×103μS/cm，将此电导率作为废水处理的进水水质。
下面的检测数据分别是蒸汽在进入本装置前的检测数据(表1)和蒸汽经过废水混合在本装置出口的检测数据(表2)：
表1
Figure PCTCN2021083657-appb-000001
表2
Figure PCTCN2021083657-appb-000002
从检测数据可以看出，输入蒸汽的pH值为8.76、电导率为5.54μs/cm、硬度(CaCO2)为1.14mg/L,经过在本发明装置蒸汽与废水混合并处理后的出口蒸汽的pH值为7.97、电导率为5.02μs/cm、硬度(CaCO2)为0.442mg/L，从电导率这个参数来看，输入和输出的蒸汽品质(水质)差别很小，并且其绝对值远远小于GB/T1576-2018中给水和炉水的要求，经过在 本发明装置蒸汽与废水混合并处理后的蒸汽可继续供给热用户使用。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，包括机体，机体两端设有的蒸汽入口和出口，及侧端的废水进口，其特征在于：所述机体内设有与蒸汽入口连通的扩容室，与蒸汽出口连接的出口室，及扩容室与出口室之间的混合室，所述扩容室与混合室之间通过旋转加速管连通，所述混合室与出口室之间设有吸附滤网，所述废水进口通过环形管道与旋转加速管连通；蒸汽从蒸汽入口进入，经扩容室后进入旋转加速管，蒸汽通过旋转加速管使其加速产生旋流，并在旋转加速管后段与从环形管道进入的废气充分接触并气化，气化后的锅炉废水与蒸汽在混合室形成混合蒸汽，通过吸附滤网将混合蒸汽中的盐分吸附截留，过滤后的蒸汽经出口室从蒸汽出口排出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，其特征在于：所述旋转加速管在与扩容室连接的前段内壁设有螺旋槽或螺旋叶片。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，其特征在于：所述旋转加速管后端为光滑内壁，所述光滑内壁周向设有若干喷嘴小孔，通过安装在喷嘴小孔上的雾化喷嘴连通环形管道和旋转加速管。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，其特征在于：所述扩容室通流截面大于蒸汽入口的管道通流截面，所述扩容室与旋转加速管连接处设有漏斗状挡板。
  5. 如权利要求1、2或4所述的一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，其特征在于：所述旋转加速管的出口侧设有孔板，所述孔板由若干设有过流孔的孔板组合而成。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，其特征在于：所述混合室的通流截面大于旋转加速管的通流截面，且其上侧或侧面设有检修孔。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，其特征在于：所述吸附滤网的材质采用纳米级的金属滤网。
  8. 如权利要求1、2、4、6或7所述的一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，其特征在于：所述吸附滤网由若干个滤网组成。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，其特征在于：所述扩容室和出口室上侧各设有压差发讯器。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的一种锅炉废水除盐混合装置，其特征在于：所述扩容室、混合室和出口室下侧各设有排污口，上侧各设有清洗水入口。
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