WO2021228455A1 - Procédé de fabrication additive sous gaz protecteur à l'aide d'un faisceau laser - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication additive sous gaz protecteur à l'aide d'un faisceau laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021228455A1
WO2021228455A1 PCT/EP2021/056884 EP2021056884W WO2021228455A1 WO 2021228455 A1 WO2021228455 A1 WO 2021228455A1 EP 2021056884 W EP2021056884 W EP 2021056884W WO 2021228455 A1 WO2021228455 A1 WO 2021228455A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
protective gas
carbon dioxide
additive manufacturing
laser beam
laser
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/056884
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mario Rockser
Achim Wankum
Dirk Kampffmeyer
Bernd Hildebrandt
Original Assignee
Messer Group Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messer Group Gmbh filed Critical Messer Group Gmbh
Publication of WO2021228455A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021228455A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/126—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of gases chemically reacting with the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/30—Organic material
    • B23K2103/42—Plastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for additive manufacturing of workpieces under protective gas using a laser beam, in which a protective gas is supplied to a printing process zone in which a workpiece is produced by selective sintering or melting of a powdery or wire-like material by the action of a laser beam.
  • Manufacturing processes are generally referred to here as such in which a three-dimensional workpiece is produced in layers from a material made of metal or plastic by the action of energy.
  • a powdery material is applied in a thin layer to a work surface.
  • the material is supplied as wire.
  • an energy beam in particular a laser beam or an electron beam
  • the material is melted or sintered with pinpoint accuracy according to a computer-aided template.
  • the area in which the action of the laser beam and the melting or sintering of the material takes place is referred to below as the “printing process zone”.
  • the melted or sintered material forms a solid contour (also called “workpiece contour” here) when it solidifies, which is joined together with previously and / or subsequently produced contours in the same way to form a workpiece.
  • molded bodies can be built which have a partially highly complex three-dimensional structure.
  • Powder-based generative manufacturing processes that work with laser radiation as an energy source are, in particular, laser powder bed melting (L-PBF, Laser Powder Bed Fusion) or selective laser sintering (SLS).
  • L-PBF laser powder bed melting
  • SLS selective laser sintering
  • Powder spraying processes are also used.
  • the powdery material is fed in by means of a carrier gas.
  • the powder spraying under use a laser as an energy source is known as "Laser Metal Deposition” (LMD, Laser Metal Deposition, or LMD-P, Laser Metal Deposition - Powder) - DED (Direct Energy Deposition) is also used as an alternative name for LMD.
  • LMD Laser Metal Deposition
  • LMD-P Laser Metal Deposition - Powder
  • DED Direct Energy Deposition
  • the protective gas is supplied to the pressure process zone by means of a protective gas nozzle or production takes place in a gas-tight chamber, here as a "production chamber”, often also referred to as "installation space”, which is flooded with protective gas before and / or during production.
  • a protective gas nozzle or production takes place in a gas-tight chamber, here as a “production chamber”, often also referred to as “installation space”, which is flooded with protective gas before and / or during production.
  • an inert gas in particular argon, helium or a mixture of argon and helium, is used as the protective gas, as described, for example, in EP 3628420 A1.
  • EP 3292927 A1 proposes an additive manufacturing process using a laser beam, in which active gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen or hydrogen or mixtures thereof can be used as protective gases in addition to inert gases such as helium, argon or nitrogen.
  • EP 3530385 A1 describes a method for producing a metal powder for use in additive manufacturing, in which a protective gas is used in which, in addition to a 95% by volume of inert gas, in particular argon, proportions of reducing carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide / or carbon dioxide are present.
  • a protective gas is used in which, in addition to a 95% by volume of inert gas, in particular argon, proportions of reducing carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide / or carbon dioxide are present.
  • the aim is to avoid oxidation reactions during powder production.
  • WO 2015/079200 A2 describes a method for the additive manufacturing of a workpiece made of titanium using a laser beam in which a protective gas is used that can contain up to 500 vpm of carbon dioxide.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify a method for additive manufacturing of a workpiece with a laser beam using a protective gas, which method is comparatively inexpensive and enables high manufacturing quality.
  • carbon dioxide with a purity of at least 99.99% by volume is used as the protective gas, preferably at least 99.995% by volume are used.
  • carbon dioxide with a purity of 99.99% by volume and above is also referred to as “high-purity carbon dioxide”.
  • Impurities of any kind must therefore not exceed a volume fraction of 100 vpm, preferably 50 vpm.
  • the water vapor content (moisture) should not be more than 10 vpm, preferably not more than 5 vpm.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that high-quality printing processes can be achieved with high-purity carbon dioxide. Without the invention being restricted thereby, it is assumed that at least two effects contribute to this.
  • carbon dioxide reacts only slightly, at least with a comparatively low beam power of the laser used. Carbon dioxide is inert here and therefore does not have a negative impact on the printing result.
  • the usually used technical carbon dioxide according to ISO 14175 may contain a proportion of various types of impurities of up to 2000 vpm and a moisture proportion (water vapor) of up to 120 vpm.
  • the rather mediocre results that have been achieved with the use of technical carbon dioxide as a protective gas in additive manufacturing using a laser can possibly be attributed to the influence of the contamination and / or the moisture.
  • a workpiece is built up in particular from workpiece contours that are successively produced and connected to one another in the printing process zone by melting or sintering a powder or wire material using a laser beam and subsequent solidification through cooling.
  • the protective gas is fed to the printing process zone either by flowing out of a protective gas nozzle directed towards the printing process zone, a protective gas atmosphere consisting of high-purity carbon dioxide being created in an area around the material or the workpiece contour; It is not absolutely necessary, but not excluded within the scope of the invention, that the manufacturing process takes place in a closed chamber.
  • additive manufacturing takes place in a gas-tight manufacturing chamber equipped with a protective gas supply, within which the printing process zone is located; in this case the entire manufacturing chamber is filled with an atmosphere of high-purity carbon dioxide.
  • the high-purity carbon dioxide used as protective gas is taken from a source, in particular a pressure vessel or a tank, and fed to the protective gas nozzle or the protective gas feed of the manufacturing chamber.
  • the protective gas can be circulated during the manufacturing process and - after filtering to remove particulate contaminants and / or after gas post-purification in which gaseous components, such as oxygen or water vapor, are at least largely removed from the protective gas flow - again are fed to the manufacturing chamber.
  • the carbon dioxide used as protective gas always has the required purity of at least 99.99% by volume when it comes into contact with the workpiece in the manufacturing chamber.
  • a uniform protective gas atmosphere consisting of high-purity carbon dioxide prevails in the entire production chamber;
  • the protective gas is supplied to the workpiece or the workpiece contour in such a way that a protective gas atmosphere of high-purity carbon dioxide is produced in a limited area around the workpiece or the workpiece contour.
  • the additive manufacturing processes that use a protective gas according to the invention by flowing out of a protective gas nozzle directed at the pressure process zone are preferably an LMD process, with the material to be joined to the workpiece in the form of a powder (LMD-P) or in the form of a Wire (LMD-W) is fed.
  • LMD-P powder
  • LMD-W Wire
  • the laser-based additive manufacturing method used according to the invention in a manufacturing chamber containing the printing process zone is preferably an L-PBF process; however, according to the invention, LMD-P and LMD-W processes can also take place in one manufacturing chamber.
  • the beam power of the laser used to melt the material in the manufacturing process should not exceed 1000 W, preferably 700 W, regardless of the manufacturing process. If an L-PBF process is used as the manufacturing process, it is advantageous that the laser used has a beam power of a maximum of 700 W, preferably a maximum of 500 W, particularly preferably a maximum of 300 W, in order to ensure a stable printing process with good workpiece quality .
  • the laser used has a beam power of a maximum of 1000 W, preferably a maximum of 700 W.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for the additive manufacturing of metals, in particular for steel materials such as stainless steel and tool steel, aluminum and aluminum compounds, titanium and titanium alloys, chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloys, bronze alloys, copper and copper compounds, precious metals and precious metal alloys or nickel-based alloys.
  • steel materials such as stainless steel and tool steel, aluminum and aluminum compounds, titanium and titanium alloys, chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloys, bronze alloys, copper and copper compounds, precious metals and precious metal alloys or nickel-based alloys.
  • steel materials such as stainless steel and tool steel, aluminum and aluminum compounds, titanium and titanium alloys, chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloys, bronze alloys, copper and copper compounds, precious metals and precious metal alloys or nickel-based alloys.
  • chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloys such as stainless steel and tool steel, aluminum and aluminum compounds, titanium and titanium alloys, chromium-cobalt-moly

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication additive de pièces sous gaz protecteur au moyen d'un faisceau laser, caractérisé en ce que le gaz protecteur utilisé est du dioxyde de carbone avec une pureté d'au moins 99,99 % en volume.
PCT/EP2021/056884 2020-05-13 2021-03-17 Procédé de fabrication additive sous gaz protecteur à l'aide d'un faisceau laser WO2021228455A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020002869.1 2020-05-13
DE102020002869 2020-05-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021228455A1 true WO2021228455A1 (fr) 2021-11-18

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ID=75143631

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2021/056884 WO2021228455A1 (fr) 2020-05-13 2021-03-17 Procédé de fabrication additive sous gaz protecteur à l'aide d'un faisceau laser

Country Status (1)

Country Link
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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130043219A1 (en) * 2009-01-13 2013-02-21 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and system to start and use combination filler wire feed and high intensity energy source for welding
US20140186549A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2014-07-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Powder supply nozzle and overlaying method
WO2015079200A2 (fr) 2013-11-27 2015-06-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Fabrication additive d'un article en titane
US20160318128A1 (en) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-03 Brigante Aviation Limited Metal Printer
WO2017194204A1 (fr) * 2016-05-13 2017-11-16 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif notamment d'impression 3d et codage d'un élément structural tridimensionnel
EP3292927A1 (fr) 2016-09-13 2018-03-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication additive
DE102018123541A1 (de) * 2017-10-09 2019-04-11 Metallwaren Weirather OHG Einrichtung zum generativen Fertigen eines Bauteils aus einem pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoff
EP3530385A1 (fr) 2018-02-26 2019-08-28 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de production de poudres métalliques
EP3628420A1 (fr) 2018-09-25 2020-04-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé, gaz et dispositif de fabrication additive

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130043219A1 (en) * 2009-01-13 2013-02-21 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and system to start and use combination filler wire feed and high intensity energy source for welding
US20140186549A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2014-07-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Powder supply nozzle and overlaying method
WO2015079200A2 (fr) 2013-11-27 2015-06-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Fabrication additive d'un article en titane
US20160318128A1 (en) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-03 Brigante Aviation Limited Metal Printer
WO2017194204A1 (fr) * 2016-05-13 2017-11-16 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif notamment d'impression 3d et codage d'un élément structural tridimensionnel
EP3292927A1 (fr) 2016-09-13 2018-03-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication additive
DE102018123541A1 (de) * 2017-10-09 2019-04-11 Metallwaren Weirather OHG Einrichtung zum generativen Fertigen eines Bauteils aus einem pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoff
EP3530385A1 (fr) 2018-02-26 2019-08-28 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de production de poudres métalliques
EP3628420A1 (fr) 2018-09-25 2020-04-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé, gaz et dispositif de fabrication additive

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