WO2021228098A1 - 一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组 - Google Patents

一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021228098A1
WO2021228098A1 PCT/CN2021/093097 CN2021093097W WO2021228098A1 WO 2021228098 A1 WO2021228098 A1 WO 2021228098A1 CN 2021093097 W CN2021093097 W CN 2021093097W WO 2021228098 A1 WO2021228098 A1 WO 2021228098A1
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Prior art keywords
heat exchange
refrigerant
cooling
water
unit
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PCT/CN2021/093097
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李国斌
李一杰
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瀚润联合高科技发展（北京）有限公司
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Publication of WO2021228098A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021228098A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat pump units, in particular to a cascade evaporative cold heat pump module unit.
  • water-cooled air conditioners Compared with air-cooled air conditioners, water-cooled air conditioners have significant cooling efficiency, so they are the preferred equipment in the field of central air-conditioning and refrigeration.
  • Due to the large volume of the water-cooled air conditioner it is inconvenient to install, transport, and maintain. In particular, it occupies a large area of indoor space and causes building waste. Therefore, small and modular units will become an inevitable trend in the development of water-cooled chillers.
  • the shell and tube condensers or evaporative condensers commonly used in the existing water-cooled chillers have large volume, low efficiency, and the phenomenon of "flying water” causing serious waste of water cooling water, which restricts the miniaturization and miniaturization of water-cooled chillers. Modularity.
  • Shell and tube condenser The process of refrigeration and air-conditioning operation is the process of heat transfer from the client to the outside.
  • the low degree of subcooling of the refrigerant is the prerequisite for stable and efficient operation of the air-conditioning, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor discharged from the compressor.
  • the maximum closeness to the outdoor environment requires that the refrigerant flow in the heat exchanger, that is, the tube length is long enough.
  • the shell and tube heat exchanger has a large volume and high power, which is not conducive to exchange.
  • the miniaturization of the heat exchanger the latent heat exchange of the vaporization of the cooling water is dozens of times that of the heat transfer, and the closed heat transfer between the shell and the tube of the shell and tube heat exchanger is not conducive to the vaporization and evaporation of water. Limits the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. Therefore, the efficiency needs to be improved, and the volume is reduced to facilitate the miniaturization of the air conditioner.
  • Evaporative condensation heat exchanger The existing evaporative cooling heat exchanger has no water distribution device, which needs to be used in conjunction with a spray device. This causes the air conditioning unit to increase in size, and the increase in manufacturing cost is not conducive to the miniaturization of the unit; the cooling water sprayed downwards during the cooling process and the air under the negative pressure in the unit cavity produce a counter flow, causing a large amount of "flying water” and "floating water”. Phenomenon, which causes waste of water resources and reduces cooling efficiency.
  • Either the evaporative condensation heat exchanger or the water-cooled shell and tube heat exchanger is a single cooling medium, a partitioned heat exchange structure with a single heat exchange surface, and the cooling medium and the refrigerant exchange heat through the tube wall between the two media. This structure Limiting the heat transfer surface between the two media is not conducive to heat transfer.
  • the present invention provides a cascade evaporative cold and heat pump module unit, which adopts a cascade evaporative cold heat exchanger, which has high heat exchange efficiency, water saving and easy maintenance; it can not only refrigerate, but also heat ; Small size, high stability; easy construction; low noise, reducing the cost of use.
  • a cascade evaporative cold and heat pump module unit including an evaporative cold heat exchanger, an air-cooled heat exchanger, and a refrigerant running assembly; the evaporative cold heat exchanger, The air-cooled heat exchangers are connected in parallel with a refrigerant running assembly; the refrigerant running assembly is used for running the refrigerant to exchange heat in an evaporative cold heat exchanger or an air-cooled heat exchanger;
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchange plates, which are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the evaporative heat exchange surface; each heat exchange plate includes at least one heat exchange unit; the heat exchange unit A plurality of horizontal sections of the condenser tube are arranged vertically into a plate-like structure. The two ends of the horizontal sections of the plurality of condenser tubes are connected by the bending section of the condenser tube to form at least one refrigerant heat exchange channel. The two sides of the plate-like structure constitute the evaporation heat exchange surface.
  • the horizontal sections of the multiple condenser tubes arranged vertically are seamlessly connected between the two adjacent horizontal sections of the condenser tubes, so that the evaporative heat exchange surface has continuity and is concave and convex; the uppermost condenser tube A cooling outer tube is also provided above the horizontal section; a water distribution groove is also provided between the cooling outer tube and the uppermost horizontal section of the condenser tube; and the water distribution trough is located between the cooling outer tube and the horizontal section of the condenser tube.
  • the water distribution tank is provided with water distribution microporous plates on both sides; the upper end of the water distribution microporous plate is connected with the pipe wall of the outer cooling pipe, and the lower end is connected with the pipe wall of the uppermost condensing pipe horizontal section, so that The water distribution tank is fixed in an embedded manner between the outer cooling tube and the heat exchange unit to form an integrated structure; the outer cooling tube is provided with a number of water outlet holes connected with the water distribution tank for evenly injecting water into the water distribution tank; the water distribution tank is used for The water injected into the cooling outer pipe is distributed on the surface of the evaporative heat exchange plate through the water distribution microporous plate to form a water curtain to exchange heat with the refrigerant on the outside of the refrigerant heat exchange channel; the refrigerant heat exchange channel is also provided with cooling The inner tube is used for the water passing through the cooling inner tube to exchange heat with the refrigerant inside the refrigerant heat exchange channel.
  • the heat exchange plate includes a plurality of the heat exchange units; the plurality of heat exchange units are arranged vertically, and two adjacent heat exchange units are connected by a bending section of a condenser tube, so that the respective refrigerants exchange heat
  • the channels are correspondingly connected; the top of the outer cooling tube in the heat exchange unit on the lower side of the two adjacent heat exchange units is connected to the bottom of the lowermost condenser tube horizontal section of the heat exchange unit on the upper side; multiple The brackets are arranged at intervals between the bottom of the outer cooling tube and the top of the uppermost horizontal section of the condenser tube of the associated heat exchange unit.
  • connection mode of the outer cooling pipe, the water distribution groove, and the water distribution microporous plate between two adjacent heat exchange units is replaced with: a water distribution groove is arranged above the cooling outer pipe, and the water distribution groove is arranged on both sides of the water distribution groove.
  • a water-distributing microporous plate There is a water-distributing microporous plate, the lower end of the water-distributing microporous plate is connected with the pipe wall of the outer cooling pipe, and the upper end is connected with the pipe wall of the horizontal section of the condenser tube on the lowermost side of the heat exchange unit on the upper side;
  • the bottom is connected to the top of the uppermost condenser tube horizontal section in the heat exchange unit to which it belongs; a plurality of the brackets are arranged at intervals on the top of the cooling outer tube and the lowermost condenser tube horizontal section of the upper heat exchange unit. Between the bottom.
  • a water distribution tank is provided between the lowermost condensing tube horizontal section of the upper heat exchange unit and the uppermost condensing tube horizontal section of the lower heat exchange unit.
  • Orifice plate, the lower end of the water-distributing microporous plate is connected with the pipe wall of the horizontal section of the condenser tube on the uppermost side of the heat exchange unit on the lower side, and the upper end is connected with the pipe wall of the horizontal section of the condenser tube on the lowermost side of the heat exchange unit on the upper side Connection;
  • the outer cooling pipe is pierced in the water distribution tank.
  • the top of the cooling outer pipe is connected to the bottom of the lowermost condenser tube horizontal section of the upper heat exchange unit and is spaced apart from the uppermost condenser tube horizontal section of the heat exchange unit to which it belongs.
  • the brackets are arranged at intervals between the bottom of the outer cooling tube and the top of the uppermost condenser tube horizontal section of the heat exchange unit to which the outer cooling tube belongs.
  • the bottom of the outer cooling tube is connected to the top of the uppermost condenser tube horizontal section of the heat exchange unit to which it belongs, and a distance is left from the lowermost condenser tube horizontal section of the uppermost heat exchange unit.
  • the brackets are arranged at intervals between the top of the outer cooling tube and the bottom of the horizontal section of the condenser tube on the lowermost side of the heat exchange unit on the upper side.
  • the number of horizontal sections of the condenser tubes in the heat exchange unit on the lower side is smaller than the number of horizontal sections of the condenser tubes in the heat exchange unit on the upper side, so that multiple The heat exchange area of the evaporative heat exchange surface of the heat exchange unit decreases from top to bottom; the number of water outlet holes of the outer cooling tube in the heat exchange unit on the lower side is less than the number of water outlet holes of the outer cooling tube on the upper side.
  • the top end of the refrigerant heat exchange channel of the heat exchange plate is provided with a refrigerant vapor inlet and the bottom end is provided with a refrigerant liquid outlet; one end of the cooling outer pipe of the heat exchange plate is provided with an outer cooling water inlet; The ends respectively pass through the refrigerant heat exchange channel, the bottom end is provided with an inner cooling water inlet, and the top end is provided with an inner cooling water outlet; the refrigerant steam inlets of the multiple heat exchange plates are connected with the first refrigerant steam main pipe, The refrigerant liquid outlet is connected to the first refrigerant liquid main pipe, and the outer cooling water inlets of the cooling outer pipes of the plurality of heat exchange plates are connected with an outer cooling water inlet flow pipe; the outer cooling water inlet flow pipe is also connected with a cooling auxiliary pipe; The inner cooling water inlet of each cooling inner pipe is connected with the cooling main pipe, and the inner cooling water outlet is connected with the inner cooling water outlet collecting pipe; the inner cooling water outlet collecting pipe is connected with the
  • the air-cooled heat exchanger is connected with a second refrigerant steam main pipe and a second refrigerant liquid main pipe; the first refrigerant steam main pipe and the second refrigerant steam main pipe are connected in parallel and then connected to the refrigerant running assembly.
  • the refrigerant liquid main pipe and the second refrigerant liquid main pipe are connected in parallel with the refrigerant running assembly; the first refrigerant steam main pipe is provided with a first solenoid valve, and the second refrigerant steam main pipe is provided with a second solenoid valve.
  • the unit further includes a water tank; a water pump is arranged in the water tank; the water outlet of the water pump is connected with the cooling main pipe, and is used to send the cooling water in the water tank to the evaporative cooling heat exchanger through the cooling main pipe. In the inner pipe, and sent to the outer cooling pipe through the cooling auxiliary pipe.
  • the water tank is also provided with a water replenishment port; the bottom of the water tank is also connected with a sewage pipe; and the sewage pipe is provided with a sewage solenoid valve.
  • a cooling filler layer is also arranged between the evaporative cold heat exchanger and the water tank, which is used to cool the unevaporated water dripping from the evaporative cold heat exchanger and then discharge it into the water tank.
  • the refrigerant operation assembly includes a compressor, a four-way valve, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a first one-way valve, a liquid storage tank, a filter drier, an economizer, a first expansion valve, and a second solenoid valve.
  • the unit also includes a multi-unit indoor unit;
  • the compressor has an air outlet , Air return port and enthalpy port;
  • the four-way valve has a end, b end, c end, d end;
  • the economizer has e end, f end, g end, h end, e end and f end are economic
  • the inside of the device is connected, and the g end and the h end are connected inside the economizer;
  • the multi-unit indoor unit has a j end and a k end, and the j end and the k end are two ports of the refrigerant channel of the multi-unit indoor unit.
  • the air outlet of the compressor, the end a and end b of the four-way valve, the parallel pipeline of the first refrigerant steam main pipe/the second refrigerant steam main pipe, the first refrigerant steam main pipe and the second refrigerant steam main pipe of the evaporative cold heat exchanger A solenoid valve and the first refrigerant liquid main pipe, the first check valve, the liquid storage tank, the filter drier, the h and g ends of the economizer, the first expansion valve, the second check valve, and the j of the multi-unit indoor unit
  • the end and the k end, the d end and the c end of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the air return port of the compressor are communicated to form a first refrigeration operation channel.
  • the air outlet of the compressor, the end a and end b of the four-way valve, the parallel pipeline of the first refrigerant steam main pipe/the second refrigerant steam main pipe, the second refrigerant steam main pipe of the air-cooled heat exchanger, and the first refrigerant steam main pipe The second solenoid valve and the second refrigerant liquid main pipe, the first one-way valve, the storage tank, the filter drier, the h and g ends of the economizer, the first expansion valve, the second one-way valve, and the j of the multi-unit indoor unit
  • the end and the k end, the d end and the c end of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the air return port of the compressor are sequentially connected to form a second refrigeration operation channel.
  • the first solenoid valve, the end b and the end c of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the air return port of the compressor are sequentially connected to form a first heating operation channel.
  • the second solenoid valve, the end b and the end c of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the air return port of the compressor are sequentially connected to form a second heating operation channel.
  • the outlet of the filter drier, the second expansion valve, the e-end and the f-end of the economizer, the third solenoid valve, and the enthalpy of the compressor The ports are connected in sequence to form an auxiliary enthalpy increasing loop; the internal passage between the e end and the f end in the economizer exchanges heat with the internal passage between the h end and the g end.
  • the unit further includes a casing, the top of the casing is provided with a vent; the vent is provided with a fan; below the fan, the evaporative cold heat exchanger and the cooling filler layer are sequentially provided;
  • the air-cooled heat exchanger is arranged on the outer side of the evaporative cold heat exchanger;
  • the water tank is arranged below the evaporative cold heat exchanger and the air-cooled heat exchanger, and the casing is located on the side corresponding to the air-cooled heat exchanger
  • a ventilation grille is also provided on the wall;
  • a water barrier is also provided between the fan and the evaporative cold heat exchanger;
  • an equipment room is also provided in the casing under the water tank;
  • the refrigerant running assembly is installed in In the equipment room, an electric control box is also provided in the equipment room for controlling the fan, the water pump, the compressor, the four-way valve, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve.
  • the unit does not include a multi-unit indoor unit, and the unit is connected to an indoor heat exchanger;
  • the indoor heat exchanger includes an outdoor heat exchange part and an indoor heat exchange part;
  • the outdoor heat exchange part exchanges with the indoor heat exchanger
  • the hot part is communicated with the refrigerant passage;
  • the outdoor heat exchange part also includes a refrigerant heat exchange passage that exchanges heat with the refrigerant passage;
  • the refrigerant heat exchange passage has m ends and n ends, and the m ends and n ends are respectively
  • the j-end and k-end of the alternative multi-unit indoor unit are connected with the refrigerant running assembly;
  • the outdoor side heat exchange part is arranged in the equipment room in the unit.
  • the cascaded evaporative cold heat pump module unit of the present invention adopts the design of air-cooled heat exchanger and evaporative cold heat exchanger in parallel, which can not only be cooled by air and water, but also by air and industrial Waste heat waste water heating;
  • the design of cascaded evaporative cold heat exchanger adopts the combination of shell-and-tube closed convection heat exchange and open evaporative cooling heat exchange, changing the single heat exchange area on the same side between the two media of the traditional heat exchanger
  • the limitation is to use the two heat exchange surfaces of the inner and outer tubes to exchange heat, which increases the heat exchange area of the refrigerant; the same heat exchanger realizes two heat exchange methods: water-cooled heat exchange and evaporative cooling heat exchange.
  • the secondary heat exchange achieves the cascade heat exchange effect, which can greatly improve the heat exchange efficiency, reduce the volume of the heat exchanger, save water, and is easy to maintain; the single unit is small in size, easy to transport and install, and multiple units can be installed in parallel and modularized. Replace the traditional large water-cooled chillers to improve the operational stability of the entire air-conditioning system; the unit can be directly installed on the roof of the building without a special machine room, which reduces the amount of installation work and the difficulty of construction; the overall noise generated by the unit can be reduced It is controlled below 65 decibels, no additional noise reduction treatment is required for the unit, and the use cost is reduced.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cascade evaporative cold and heat pump module unit in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant operation assembly of a cascade evaporative cold and heat pump module unit in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective schematic diagram of an evaporative cold heat exchanger of a cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange plate of the evaporative cold heat exchanger of a cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit in the first embodiment
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heat exchange plate of the evaporative cold heat exchanger of a cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the uppermost heat exchange unit of the heat exchange plate of the evaporative cold heat exchanger of the cascaded evaporative cold heat pump module unit of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two adjacent heat exchange units of the heat exchange plate of the evaporative cold heat exchanger of a cascaded evaporative cold heat pump module unit according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two adjacent heat exchange units of the heat exchange plate of the evaporative cold heat exchanger of a cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit of the second embodiment;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two adjacent heat exchange units of the heat exchange plate of the evaporative cold heat exchanger of a cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit of the third embodiment;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two adjacent heat exchange units of the heat exchange plate of the evaporative cold heat exchanger of a cascaded evaporative cold heat pump module unit of the fourth embodiment;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a cascade evaporative cold and heat pump module unit according to the fifth embodiment
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant operation assembly of a cascade evaporative cold and heat pump module unit according to the fifth embodiment.
  • this embodiment provides a cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit, which includes an evaporative cold heat exchanger 2, an air-cooled heat exchanger 3, and a refrigerant running assembly 6;
  • the heat exchanger 2 and the air-cooled heat exchanger 3 are connected in parallel with the refrigerant running assembly 6; the refrigerant running assembly 6 is used to operate the refrigerant to exchange heat in the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 or the air-cooled heat exchanger 3;
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 includes a plurality of heat exchange plates; the plurality of heat exchange plates are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the evaporative heat exchange surface; each heat exchange plate includes at least one heat exchange unit; the heat exchange unit In order to vertically arrange a plurality of condenser tube horizontal sections 205 into a plate-like structure, the two ends of the plurality of condenser tube horizontal sections 205 are connected by the condenser tube bending section 214 to form
  • the outer cooling pipe 203 is provided with a number of water outlet holes 204 connected to the water distribution groove 201 for evenly injecting water into the water distribution groove 201; the water distribution groove 201 is used to pass the water injected from the cooling outer pipe 203 through the cloth
  • the water microporous plate 202 is evenly distributed on the surface of the evaporative heat exchange plate to form a water curtain to exchange heat with the refrigerant on the outside of the refrigerant heat exchange channel; the refrigerant heat exchange channel is also provided with a cooling inner tube 207 for passing through the cooling inner The water in the tube 207 exchanges heat with the refrigerant inside the refrigerant heat exchange passage.
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 adopted adopts the S-type coiling method of the inner sleeve single tube, and the cross section center of the straight pipe section is on the same straight line (vertical Arrangement), the minimum distance between adjacent heat exchange tubes is maintained to form a whole heat exchange plane consisting of straight pipe sections and bent pipe sections, that is, a plate surface structure.
  • the uppermost end of the plate surface of the heat exchanger is provided with a cooling outer pipe of equal pipe diameter parallel to the heat exchange pipe, and the lower end of the cooling outer pipe wall is provided with densely arranged water outlet holes. Keep a certain distance between the outer cooling tube and the heat exchange tube.
  • a water distribution microporous plate is fixed between the two tubes along the tangent direction of the outer wall of the cooling outer tube and the outer wall of the heat exchange tube to form a water distribution tank.
  • the two ends of the water distribution tank are equipped with sealing plates;
  • An invisible water distributor integrated with the entire heat exchange surface is formed by the cooling outer pipe, the adjacent condenser pipe and the water distribution microporous plate.
  • the water distribution tank and the heat exchange tubes arranged in sequence at the lower end of the water distribution tank constitute a heat exchange unit.
  • the cooling medium heat exchange channel is formed between the inner wall of the condenser tube and the outer wall of the cooling inner tube.
  • the cooling inner tube forms the first heat exchange channel for the cooling water.
  • the second heat exchange passage; the refrigerant heat exchange passage has two heat exchange surfaces, one inside and one outside.
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 used is divided into two heat exchange processes: the first heat exchange process is the heat transfer and heat exchange process between water and refrigerant, and this process It is a traditional shell-and-tube convective heat exchange process, in which heat is transferred to the cold medium outside of the inner tube through the wall of the cooling inner tube in the enclosed space; the second heat exchange process is the evaporative cooling heat exchange process, which is exchanged through the first The cooling water after the heat rises enters the cooling outer pipe, and is evenly distributed on the entire heat exchange surface after being overflowed by the water distribution tank.
  • the refrigerant in the pipe transfers heat to the cooling water through the heat exchange plate surface, and the cooling water evaporates to produce supersaturated steam, which is under the action of the fan. Discharged to the atmosphere, this heat exchange is an evaporative cooling heat exchange method.
  • the entire heat exchange process is carried out in an open space under normal pressure.
  • the refrigerant and the cooling water outside the tube and the inner tube can be fully condensed at the same time.
  • the cooling outer tube and the adjacent condensing tube set at a certain distance are perpendicular to the outer wall of the adjacent two tubes.
  • the water-distributing micro-orifice plate constitutes a built-in hidden water-distributing tank. After the cooling water is delivered to the cooling outer pipe, because the cooling outer pipe is distributed with multiple rows of water outlet holes, the cooling water is evenly sprayed in the entire water distribution tank.
  • the air pressure in the water distribution tank is equal to the outside atmospheric pressure, and the cooling water maintains a pressure equalization state under the dual effects of gravity and atmospheric pressure; the cooling water can be evenly distributed on the surface of the evaporation heat exchange plate through the water distribution microporous plate under its own gravity flow , Forming a thin water curtain (water curtain) from top to bottom. Due to the surface tension of the water, the cooling water has no gaps, is continuous, and directly adheres to the entire surface of the evaporation heat exchange plate. The water film is fully extended, thin and uniform, thereby improving the evaporation efficiency; and there is no free water, which can be maximized. Limit the phenomenon of flying water and floating water.
  • the processing method of the water distribution groove 201 of the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 used is: directly weld water distribution between the arranged outer cooling tube and the condenser tube
  • the micro-orifice plate is sufficient, and the two ends of the water distribution tank in the longitudinal direction are sealed with a sealing plate to form an integrated structure.
  • the water distribution micro-orifice plate has a certain resistance to the flowing water, which can make the water form a certain level in the water distribution tank.
  • the water-distributing microporous plate can also be a sieve or nano-scale net, as long as the water tank is kept at a certain water level; the material of the water-distributing microporous plate can be copper, aluminum, stainless steel, alloy, or other convenient mesh or Perforated metal material; the water level in the water distribution tank is controlled by controlling the water inlet of the cooling outer pipe.
  • the cooling water supply is minimized and no surplus is generated to achieve precise distribution Water purpose; and, due to the two heat exchanges between the cooling water and the refrigerant, the carrying capacity of the cooling water heat exchange is greatly improved, thereby reducing the circulation of the cooling water, which is conducive to reducing the volume of the cooling water tank and the use of this heat exchange
  • the miniaturization of the unit of the device Under the premise of ensuring sufficient water spray at the bottom of the heat exchange unit, the cooling water supply is minimized and no surplus is generated to achieve precise distribution Water purpose; and, due to the two heat exchanges between the cooling water and the refrigerant, the carrying capacity of the cooling water heat exchange is greatly improved, thereby reducing the circulation of the cooling water, which is conducive to reducing the volume of the cooling water tank and the use of this heat exchange The miniaturization of the unit of the device.
  • the outer wall of the condenser tube forms a complete and continuous heat exchange plate surface, and the outer wall of the condenser tube forms an M-shaped concave-convex surface.
  • the structure increases the heat exchange area, and the heat exchange is higher;
  • the M-shaped concave-convex surface can extend the cooling water discharge time on the plate surface, and the flow rate and flow direction of the cooling water between the concave and convex surfaces change continuously, and the flow is turbulent
  • the emergence of the cooling water film constitutes a disturbance effect on the cooling water film, increases the heat transfer coefficient of the evaporating surface, and improves the heat exchange efficiency; this makes the volume of the evaporative cold heat exchanger in the unit smaller under the same heat exchange rate, and correspondingly
  • the overall volume of the unit is also greatly reduced to achieve the purpose of miniaturization.
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger adopts a manner in which a plurality of heat exchange plates are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the evaporative heat exchange surface, and each heat exchange plate is kept between Sufficient gaps form a passage that facilitates air circulation, and is convenient for cleaning and maintenance.
  • a water-cooled (evaporative cold) chiller is realized by installing an air-cooled heat exchanger in parallel with the evaporative cold heat exchanger
  • the heating function of the heat pump has changed the current situation of traditional water-cooled chillers only cooling but not heating, and expanded the use of water-cooled chillers.
  • the heat exchange plate in the cascaded evaporative cold heat pump module unit of this embodiment, includes a plurality of heat exchange units described in the first embodiment; a plurality of the heat exchange units Arranged vertically, two adjacent heat exchange units are connected by the condensing tube bending section 214, so that the respective refrigerant heat exchange channels are correspondingly connected.
  • the outer diameter of the outer cooling tube 203 between two adjacent heat exchange units is the same as the outer diameter of the condenser tube.
  • connection mode of the outer cooling tube 203, the water distribution tank 201, and the water distribution microporous plate 202 is the same as the connection mode of the aforementioned water distribution tank; in addition, the cooling outer tube in the heat exchange unit located on the lower side of the two adjacent heat exchange units
  • the top of 203 is connected to the bottom of the condenser tube horizontal section 205 at the lowermost side of the upper heat exchange unit; a plurality of the brackets 206 are arranged at intervals on the bottom of the outer cooling tube 203 and the uppermost condenser of the heat exchange unit. Between the top of the tube horizontal section 205.
  • a segmented design of multiple heat exchange units is adopted.
  • the water distribution groove divides each heat exchange plate into multiple independent evaporative cooling heat exchange units.
  • the heat exchange unit only needs to ensure the minimum amount of water sprayed in the unit, so that the water film distributed on the surface of the condensing heat exchange plate is thin enough to facilitate the vaporization and evaporation of the cooling water;
  • the segmented spray unit design not only maintains the integrity of the water film on the entire plate surface, It also ensures that each heat exchange unit has the least water spray and the thinnest water film.
  • the number of horizontal sections 205 of the condenser tube in the heat exchange unit on the lower side is smaller than that of the heat exchange unit on the upper side.
  • the number of the horizontal section 205 of the condenser tube is used to reduce the heat exchange area of the evaporative heat exchange surface of the multiple heat exchange units from top to bottom; the water outlet 204 of the cooling outer tube 203 in the heat exchange unit on the lower side
  • the number is smaller than the number of water outlet holes 204 of the outer cooling tube 203 located on the upper side (the distance between the outlet holes along the length of the outer cooling tube is increased), and is used to meet the water distribution requirements of the evaporation heat exchange surface corresponding to the heat exchange area.
  • the upper side is a high-temperature zone with a large amount of evaporation, and the area of the evaporation heat exchange surface on the upper side is also set correspondingly larger and provides sufficient water distribution; and the lower side In the low temperature zone, the evaporation volume is relatively reduced, it is necessary to reduce the area of the evaporation heat exchange surface and reduce the amount of water distribution (decrease the number of holes in the outer cooling tube layer by layer); this declining design method can make full use of the segmented design
  • the advantage of this is to ensure sufficient water distribution to the corresponding heat exchange unit, and to ensure the minimum water distribution of the heat exchange unit, and prevent the unvaporized cooling water of the heat exchange unit on the upper side from flowing to the heat exchange unit on the lower side. Accumulation; to ensure that the water film of each heat exchange unit is even and thin, and it saves water.
  • the top of the refrigerant heat exchange channel of the heat exchange plate is provided with a refrigerant vapor inlet 2081, and the bottom end is provided with a refrigerant liquid outlet 2082;
  • One end of the tube 203 is provided with an outer cooling water inlet 2031; the two ends of the cooling inner tube 207 respectively pass through the refrigerant heat exchange channel, and the bottom end is provided with an inner cooling water inlet 2071, and the top end is provided with an inner cooling water outlet 2072;
  • a refrigerant steam inlet 2081 is connected to the first refrigerant steam main pipe 208, the refrigerant liquid outlet 2082 is connected to the first refrigerant liquid main pipe 210, and the outer cooling water inlet 2031 of the outer cooling pipe 203 is connected to an outer cooling water inlet pipe 209; an outer cooling water inlet pipe 209
  • the cooling sub-pipe 211 is also connected; the inner cooling water inlet 2071 of the cooling inner pipe 207 is
  • the air-cooled heat exchanger 3 is connected with a second refrigerant steam main pipe 301 and a second refrigerant liquid main pipe 302;
  • the two refrigerant steam main pipes 301 are connected in parallel and then connected to the refrigerant operation assembly 6.
  • the first refrigerant liquid main pipe 210 is connected in parallel with the second refrigerant liquid main pipe 302 and then connected to the refrigerant operation assembly 6; the first refrigerant steam main pipe 208 is provided
  • the unit further includes a water tank 5; a water pump 501 is provided in the water tank 5; the water outlet of the water pump 501 is connected to the cooling main pipe 212 for The cooling water in the water tank 5 is sent to the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 through the cooling main pipe 212; the water tank 5 is also provided with a water replenishment port 502; the bottom of the water tank 5 is also connected with a sewage pipe 503; the sewage pipe 503 A sewage solenoid valve 504 is provided on the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 and a cooling filler layer 4 is also provided between the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 and the water tank 5 for cooling the unevaporated water dripping from the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 Drain to water tank 5.
  • a water pump 501 is provided in the water tank 5; the water outlet of the water pump 501 is connected to the cooling main pipe 212 for The cooling water in the water tank 5 is sent to the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 through the cooling main pipe 212; the
  • the refrigerant operation assembly 6 includes a compressor 601, a four-way valve 602, a first solenoid valve 603, a second solenoid valve 604, and a first check valve 605, liquid storage tank 606, filter drier 607, economizer 608, first expansion valve 609, second check valve 610, gas-liquid separator 611, third solenoid valve 612, second expansion valve 613, third single
  • the unit also includes a multi-unit indoor unit 12 (fluorine machine);
  • the compressor 601 has an air outlet 6011, a return air port 6012, and an enthalpy port 6013;
  • the four-way valve 602 has a terminal, b terminal, c terminal, and d terminal;
  • the economizer 608 has e terminal, f terminal, g terminal, and h terminal.
  • the e terminal and f terminal are connected inside the economizer 608, and the g terminal and h terminal are connected
  • the economizer 608 is internally connected;
  • the multi-unit indoor unit 12 has a j end and a k end, and the j end and the k end are two ports of the refrigerant channel of the multi-unit indoor unit;
  • the direction valve 610, the j end and k end of the multi-unit indoor unit 12, the d end and c end of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator 611, and the air return port of the compressor 601 are connected to form a first refrigeration operation channel;
  • the direction valve 610, the j end and k end of the multi-unit indoor unit 12, the d end and c end of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator 611, and the air return port of the compressor 601 are sequentially connected to form a second cooling operation channel;
  • the main pipe 210 and the first refrigerant steam main pipe 208 and the first solenoid valve 603, the b-end and c-end of the four-way valve 602, the gas-liquid separator 611, and the air return port of the compressor 601 are sequentially connected to form a first heating operation channel;
  • the main pipe 302 and the second refrigerant steam main pipe 301, the second solenoid valve 604, the b and c ends of the four-way valve 602, the gas-liquid separator 611, and the air return port of the compressor 601 are connected in sequence to form a second heating operation channel;
  • the outlet of the filter drier 607, the second expansion valve 613, the e-end and f-end of the economizer, the third solenoid valve 612, and the compressor 601 The enthalpy ports are connected in sequence to form an auxiliary enthalpy increasing loop; the internal passage between the e-end and the f-end in the economizer exchanges heat with the internal passage between the h-end and the g-end.
  • the unit further includes a casing 1, and a vent 11 is provided on the top of the casing 1; a fan 7 is provided in the vent 11;
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 and the cooling filler layer 4 are arranged in sequence below the fan 7; the air-cooled heat exchanger 3 is arranged outside the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2; the water tank 5 is arranged on the evaporative cold heat exchanger.
  • the casing 1 is also provided with a ventilation grill 9 on the side wall corresponding to the air-cooled heat exchanger 3; the fan 7 and the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 is also provided with a water barrier 8; the casing 1 is located below the water tank 5 is also provided with an equipment room; the refrigerant running assembly 6 is installed in the equipment room, and the equipment room is also provided with an electric control box 10. Used to control the fan 7, the water pump 501, the compressor 601, the four-way valve 602, the first solenoid valve 603, the second solenoid valve 604, and the third solenoid valve 612.
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger adopted has an integrated, water curtain, and cascaded design to increase the evaporation of cooling water and reduce the circulation of cooling water, thereby making The power consumption of the cooling circulation pump is further reduced.
  • the segmented design and the step-unit water distribution method make the water distribution more refined.
  • the built-in hidden water distribution tank realizes the water curtain type Distribute water to prevent the existence of free water, and no flying water is generated; the cooling water circulation volume is reduced, thereby reducing the air volume and wind speed of the fan, which can avoid the occurrence of "flying water” and "floating water” to the greatest extent, saving water and cooling water circulation.
  • the reduction also reduces the volume of the cooling water tank and reduces the volume of the unit; the heat exchange efficiency of the unit is higher, the body is smaller, and the miniaturization of the unit is realized.
  • a cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit of this embodiment the screw or centrifugal compressor is changed to a scroll compressor or a low-power screw compressor, and the entire refrigerant circulation system of the unit is built into the cooling system that matches the unit.
  • an integrated unit with highly integrated heat exchange system and cooling system is formed, which realizes the miniaturization and modularization of the unit (power consumption 5KW-40KW); after modularization, the single unit covers an area of 2-3 square meters and reduces weight To about 0.5T, it is convenient for the installation and transportation of the unit.
  • the integrated unit eliminates the need for cooling pipe network laying in the traditional chiller project, reduces the amount of construction and reduces the difficulty of construction; the lift of the built-in cooling water circulation system Close to "0", the power of the cooling circulating pump is lower; the open heat exchange method uses the water's own gravity flow to exchange heat with the refrigerant to further reduce the power of the circulating pump; and the built-in water curtain type water distribution is noiseless, because Efficient heat exchange efficiency, the compressor adopts a small compressor to reduce the intensity of the noise source, the cooling water circulation is reduced to reduce the fan power, the power of the cooling circulation pump is also effectively reduced, and the noise generated is further reduced; the overall reduction improves noise pollution Degree: The noise of the unit can be controlled below 65 decibels, which fully meets the national norms and standards, thereby solving the problem of noise pollution.
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger is equipped with an air-cooled heat exchanger, and by sharing the refrigerant circulation and other components, the unit realizes an air-cooled heat pump
  • the heating function achieves the purpose of one machine with two functions.
  • the compressor can be a scroll compressor or a low-power screw compressor, and the weight of a single unit is reduced to less than 0.5 tons, which realizes the miniaturization and modularization of the unit. It is convenient for the installation and transportation of the unit; the small modular unit can be installed on the roof of the building without a special machine room, thereby saving indoor space; multiple small modular units run at the same time as a backup for each other, and individual unit maintenance, Maintenance does not affect the overall operation and use, and improves the operational stability of the entire air-conditioning system.
  • the working principle of the evaporative cold heat exchanger used is as follows: the cooling water enters from the cooling main pipe from the inner cooling water inlet of the cooling inner pipe from the bottom up to the cooling inside
  • the refrigerant steam flows through the refrigerant steam inlet and flows from top to bottom in the refrigerant heat exchange channel, forming the first heat exchange of the cooling water.
  • the refrigerant flows downward, the temperature gradually decreases, and the temperature of the cooling water increases gradually when it moves upward.
  • the cooling water flows out from the inner cooling water outlet, enters the inner cooling water outlet collection pipe, and then enters the cooling auxiliary pipe, and then is introduced into the outer cooling water flow pipe from the cooling auxiliary pipe, and then enters the cooling outer pipe from the outer cooling water inlet, and then passes through the cooling outer pipe
  • the water outlet holes enter the water distribution tank. Because the cooling pipe is distributed with multiple rows of water outlet holes, the cooling water is evenly sprayed in the entire water distribution tank.
  • the air pressure in the water distribution tank is equal to the external atmospheric pressure, and the cooling water maintains a pressure equalization state under the dual effects of its own gravity and atmospheric pressure; the cooling water can be evenly distributed on the surface of the evaporation heat exchange plate through the water distribution net under its own gravity flow to form A thin layer of water film (water curtain) from top to bottom, the cooling water and the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchange channel perform the second heat exchange, and then vaporize and evaporate to take away more heat, and the temperature of the refrigerant in the tube is further reduced; the cooling water absorbs heat.
  • water curtain water film
  • the surface of the condenser vaporizes and evaporates, and the saturated steam formed by the evaporation is discharged into the atmosphere under the action of the fan; the unevaporated cooling water heats up due to the convection heat exchange with the refrigerant vapor in the condenser tube, and exchanges heat along its own gravity flow.
  • the two sides of the surface drip into the cooling filler arranged at the lower part of the evaporative condenser through the bottom end of the heat exchange surface.
  • the evaporative condenser at this time acts as the water distribution function in the cooling and condensation process of the cooling water.
  • the cooling water dripping along the bottom of the entire evaporative condenser evenly drops to the top of the cooling filler below it.
  • the cooling water When the cooling water flows down, it will cool the filler. A very thin water film is formed on the surface again. Also under the action of the fan, the cooling water film on the surface of the filler exchanges heat with the ambient air passing over the surface of the filler.
  • the filler has a cooling function. The cooled cooling water drops uniformly on the surface of the entire cooling water tank along the horizontal lower surface of the entire cooling filler. Under the action of the water pump, the lower temperature cooling water moves downwards, and then enters each heat exchange unit through the cooling main pipe. The cooling inner tube enters the next cooling cycle.
  • the cascaded evaporative cold-heat pump module unit of this embodiment includes the refrigeration mode of the evaporative cold heat exchanger, the refrigeration mode of the air-cooled heat exchanger, the defrost mode of the air-cooled heat exchanger, and the air-cooled heat exchanger
  • the heating mode of the evaporative cold heat exchanger, the specific mode process is as follows:
  • the water supply port of the water tank is switched to the cooling water port.
  • Refrigerant flow the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the first solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve's end a is connected to the b end, and the c end is connected to the d end; the compressor is energized, and the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant vapor is discharged from the compressor
  • the air outlet sprays out enters through end a and exits at end b of the four-way valve, and enters each heat exchange unit of the evaporative cold heat exchanger through the first solenoid valve through the first refrigerant steam main pipe.
  • the fan is discharged into the outdoor atmosphere; the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant condensed and liquefied by the evaporative cold heat exchanger passes through the first refrigerant liquid main pipe, and then enters the liquid storage tank through the first one-way valve, and the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant continues to be dried and filtered After entering the h and g ends of the economizer, the pressure and temperature of the decompressed refrigerant are throttled through the first expansion valve; The J end of the unit enters and the k end exits and exchanges heat with the indoor air in the refrigerant channel
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and vaporizes and evaporates into refrigerant vapor.
  • the refrigerant vapor enters through the d end of the four-way valve.
  • C is out, enters the return port of the compressor after passing through the gas-liquid separator, and is compressed to complete a refrigerant cycle process.
  • the water pump has priority to start the compressor, and the fan starts after the set time interval; the cooling water with lower temperature in the water tank enters the cooling inner tube of each heat exchange unit of the evaporative heat exchanger through the cooling main pipe under the action of the water pump In the cooling tube, after the heat exchange with the refrigerant vapor, the cooling inner tube enters the cooling secondary tube, and then enters the cooling outer tube of each heat exchange unit of the evaporative cold heat exchanger, and then passes through the water distribution tanks of each heat exchange unit and is evenly distributed in the A water film is formed on the surface of each heat exchange plate.
  • each heat exchange plate Since the surface temperature of each heat exchange plate is about 90°C, the cooling water rises up and quickly vaporizes and evaporates, which directly takes away a large amount of heat from the refrigerant. After the heat exchange plate heats up by convective heat exchange, it drops to the upper part of the cooling filler layer below. The cooling water forms a thin water film from top to bottom along the surface of the cooling filler layer under the action of gravity. Due to the high temperature of the cooling water At ambient temperature, the water vapor on the surface of the water film is in a supersaturated state to form atomization.
  • the atomized water vapor is discharged under the action of a fan and transferred to the atmosphere in the form of latent heat; the unvaporized higher-temperature cooling water and The cooling packing layer performs convective heat exchange and air radiation heat exchange; as the cooling water sinks along the cooling packing layer, the temperature gradually decreases, and finally all heat is discharged into the atmosphere through the fan; the lower temperature cooling water after cooling It drops uniformly along the bottom surface of the cooling filler layer to the upper surface of the cooling water tank, completing a water circulation process.
  • Refrigerant flow the first solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the second solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve's end a and b are connected, and c and d are connected; the compressor is energized and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor is compressed
  • the air outlet of the machine sprays out enters through the four-way valve at the end a, and exits at the end b, and enters the air-cooled heat exchanger through the second solenoid valve through the second refrigerant steam main pipe.
  • the circulating air on the surface of the heater exchanges heat, the refrigerant vapor is cooled and liquefied to cool down.
  • the hot air is discharged into the outdoor atmosphere through a fan;
  • the condensed low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the second refrigerant liquid main pipe, and then passes through the first one-way
  • the valve enters the liquid storage tank the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant continues to pass through the filter drier, and then enters through the h-end and g-end of the economizer, and then throttles and reduces the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant through the first expansion valve; after throttling
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters and exits from the j-end and k-end of the multi-unit indoor unit through the second one-way valve, and exchanges heat with the indoor air in the ref
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates as Refrigerant vapor, the refrigerant vapor enters through the d-end and c-end of the four-way valve, enters the return port of the compressor through the gas-liquid separator, and is compressed to complete a refrigerant cycle process.
  • the water pump is turned off, the fan has priority to the compressor to start, and the evaporative cold heat exchanger is in standby mode; due to the action of the fan, the unit is under negative pressure, and ambient air enters the unit through the ventilation grille and exchanges with the air-cooled heat exchanger.
  • the heat and refrigerant are cooled and liquefied to cool down, and the air is heated to take away the heat of the refrigerant and is discharged through the discharge port and transferred to the atmosphere.
  • Refrigerant flow the first solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the second solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve's end a and b are connected, and c and d are connected; the compressor is energized and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor is compressed
  • the air outlet of the machine sprays out enters through the four-way valve at the end a, and exits at the end b, and then enters the air-cooled heat exchanger through the second solenoid valve through the second refrigerant steam main pipe.
  • the refrigerant vapor and the ice on the surface of the air-cooled heat exchanger (Frost) heat exchange the refrigerant vapor is cooled and liquefied to cool down.
  • the ice (frost) exchanges heat with the refrigerant vapor in the air-cooled heat exchanger. After the temperature rises, part of the steam becomes steam through the natural flow of air and diffuses into the outdoor atmosphere, and most of the ice melts into water Return to the cooling water tank.
  • the condensed low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the second refrigerant liquid main pipe, and then enters the liquid storage tank through the first one-way valve.
  • the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant continues to pass through the filter drier, and then enters the h and g ends of the economizer. After exiting, the pressure and temperature of the reduced pressure refrigerant are reduced by the first expansion valve; the throttled low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the multi-unit indoor unit through the second one-way valve and exits the multi-unit indoor unit.
  • the refrigerant channel in the unit exchanges heat with the indoor air.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates into refrigerant vapor.
  • the refrigerant vapor enters through the d-end and c-end of the four-way valve, and enters the compressor through the gas-liquid separator.
  • Compression is performed after the air return port to complete a refrigerant cycle; when the ambient temperature is low, the third solenoid valve is opened, and a part of the low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid flowing through the filter drier passes through the second expansion valve and then enters the e-end of the economizer.
  • F port out, this part of the refrigerant liquid and the refrigerant liquid in the h port and g port out of the economizer undergo heat absorption and temperature rise to vaporize, and the refrigerant vapor returns to the enthalpy increase port of the compressor after passing through the third solenoid valve.
  • the water pump is turned off, the fan is turned off, and the evaporative cold heat exchanger is in standby.
  • Refrigerant flow the first solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the second solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve has end a and end d connected, and end b and end c communicate; the compressor is energized and the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant vapor passes through After the port a of the valve enters and the port d exits, it enters from the k port and the j port of the multi-unit indoor unit, and exchanges heat with the indoor air in the refrigerant channel in the multi-unit indoor unit.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant is condensed after heat exchange.
  • the medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant passes through the third check valve and then enters the liquid storage tank.
  • the medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant continues to pass through the filter drier and is divided into two paths: the first path passes through the h end of the economizer, g end out, the second way passes through the e-end and f end of the economizer after throttling and pressure reduction by the second expansion valve; the two-way refrigerant exchanges heat in the economizer; the first-way medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant is in the economy
  • the device is further condensed and cooled, and then throttled and reduced by the first expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant; the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the air-cooled heat exchanger through the fourth check valve and the second refrigerant liquid main pipe, and the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant It exchanges heat with
  • the liquid refrigerant heats up and vaporizes into refrigerant vapor, and then passes through the second refrigerant steam main pipe, the second solenoid valve, and enters through the b-end and c-end of the four-way valve. After passing through the gas-liquid separator, it is compressed into the return port of the compressor to complete a main cycle of refrigerant; the second medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant is throttled and pressure-reduced by the second expansion valve and then further heated and vaporized in the economizer , Forming medium temperature and low pressure steam; the medium temperature and low pressure steam passes through the third solenoid valve and returns to the enthalpy increase port of the compressor to complete an auxiliary enthalpy increase cycle.
  • the water pump is turned off, the fan has priority to the compressor to start, and the evaporative cold heat exchanger is in standby mode; due to the action of the fan, the unit is under negative pressure, and ambient air enters the unit through the ventilation grille and exchanges with the air-cooled heat exchanger.
  • the heat and refrigerant liquid is vaporized and heated, the air releases heat to cool down, and is discharged through the discharge port to be transferred to the atmosphere, realizing the heating function of the air-cooled heat exchanger heat pump.
  • the water supply port of the water tank is switched to the industrial waste heat and wastewater interface.
  • Refrigerant flow the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the first solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve's end a is connected to end d, and end b is connected to end c;
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant is condensed after heat exchange.
  • the medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant passes through the third check valve and then enters the liquid storage tank.
  • the medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant continues to pass through the filter drier and is divided into two paths: the first path passes through the h end of the economizer, g end out, the second way passes through the e-end and f end of the economizer after throttling and pressure reduction by the second expansion valve; the two-way refrigerant exchanges heat in the economizer; the first-way medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant is in the economy
  • the device is further condensed and cooled, and then throttled and reduced by the first expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant; the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporative cold heat exchanger through the fourth check valve and the first refrigerant liquid main pipe, and the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant After heat exchange with the industrial waste heat wastewater in the cooling inner pipe and on the surface of the heat exchanger, the liquid refrigerant heats up and vaporizes
  • the end c After the end c is discharged, it enters the return port of the compressor through the gas-liquid separator and is compressed to complete a main circulation process of the refrigerant; The device further heats up and vaporizes to form medium temperature and low pressure steam; the medium temperature and low pressure steam passes through the third solenoid valve and returns to the enthalpy increase port of the compressor to complete an auxiliary enthalpy increase cycle.
  • the fan is turned off and the water pump has priority to start the compressor;
  • the industrial waste heat enters the cooling inner pipe through the cooling main pipe, and after the first heat exchange with the refrigerant liquid, it enters the cooling sub-pipe, and then enters the cooling outer pipe.
  • Distributed on the surface of each heat exchange plate it exchanges heat with the liquid refrigerant for the second time; the liquid refrigerant undergoes two heat exchanges, vaporizes and heats up, the hot water releases heat to cool down, and is discharged through the sewage pipe through the sewage solenoid valve to realize water source heating Function.
  • the difference between the cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit of this embodiment and the first embodiment is: the outer cooling pipe 203, the water distribution groove 201, and the cloth between two adjacent heat exchange units
  • the connection of the water microporous plate 202 is as follows: a water distribution groove 201 is arranged above the outer cooling tube 203, a water distribution microporous plate 202 is arranged on both sides of the water distribution groove 201, and the lower end of the water distribution microporous plate 202 is connected to the cooling outer
  • the tube wall of the tube 203 is connected, and the upper end is connected to the tube wall of the lowermost condenser tube horizontal section 205 of the upper heat exchange unit; the bottom of the cooling outer tube 203 is connected to the uppermost condenser tube in the heat exchange unit to which it belongs
  • the top of the horizontal section 205 is connected; a plurality of the brackets 206 are arranged at intervals between the top of the outer cooling tube 203 and the bottom of the condenser tube horizontal section
  • the difference between the cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit of this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the lowermost condensing tube horizontal section 205 of the heat exchange unit on the upper side is different from the horizontal section 205 on the lower side of the heat exchange unit.
  • a water distribution tank 201 is provided between the horizontal section 205 of the condenser tube on the uppermost side of the heat exchange unit.
  • the water distribution tank 201 is provided with water distribution microporous plates 202 on both sides.
  • the pipe wall of the uppermost condenser tube horizontal section 205 is connected, and the upper end is connected with the pipe wall of the condenser tube horizontal section 205 on the lowermost side of the heat exchange unit on the upper side; the outer cooling tube 203 passes through the water distribution tank 201.
  • the bottom of the outer cooling tube 203 is connected to the top of the uppermost condenser tube horizontal section 205 of the heat exchange unit to which it belongs, and a distance is left from the lowermost condenser tube horizontal section 205 of the upper heat exchange unit; more
  • Each of the brackets 206 is arranged at intervals between the top of the outer cooling tube 203 and the bottom of the lowermost condenser tube horizontal section 205 of the upper heat exchange unit.
  • the difference between the cascaded evaporative cold and heat pump module unit of this embodiment and the third embodiment is: the top of the outer cooling tube 203
  • the bottom of the condenser tube horizontal section 205 is connected with the uppermost condenser tube horizontal section 205 of the heat exchange unit to which it belongs; a plurality of the brackets 206 are arranged at intervals on the bottom of the cooling outer tube 203 to which the cooling outer tube 203 belongs. Between the top of the horizontal section 205 of the condenser tube on the uppermost side of the heat exchange unit.
  • the unit does not include the multi-connected indoor unit 12, and the unit is connected to the indoor heat exchanger (water machine); the indoor heat exchanger It includes an outdoor heat exchange part 13 and an indoor heat exchange part; the outdoor heat exchange part 13 communicates with the indoor heat exchange part through a refrigerant (cooling water) channel; the outdoor heat exchange part 13 also includes a carrier The refrigerant (cooling water) channel heat exchange channel of the refrigerant; the refrigerant heat exchange channel has m-end and n-end. Into 6 connections; the outdoor side heat exchange part 13 is arranged in the equipment room in the unit.
  • the refrigerant in the refrigerant running assembly enters the refrigerant heat exchange passage of the outdoor heat exchange part and the refrigerant (cooling medium) in the refrigerant passage Water) exchanges heat, and the refrigerant (cooling water) is transported to the indoor heat exchange section for heat exchange with indoor air.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，包括蒸发冷换热器、风冷换热器、冷媒运行总成；蒸发冷换热器、风冷换热器并联后与冷媒运行总成连接；蒸发冷换热器包括至少一个换热单元；换热单元成板状结构并具有连续性且呈凹凸起伏状；换热单元包括冷却外管、布水槽、冷却内管；布水槽两侧设有布水微孔板；布水微孔板与冷却外管和冷凝管管壁连接。本发明采用复叠式蒸发冷换热器，换热效率高，节水，便于维护；不仅可制冷，还可制热；体积小，稳定性高；施工容易；噪声低，降低了使用成本。

Description

一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组
本申请要求于2020年5月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010401525.1、发明名称为“一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组”，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及热泵机组领域，特别是涉及一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组。
背景技术
水冷空调较风冷空调具有显著的制冷效率，因此是中央空调制冷领域的首选设备。但由于水冷空调体积大，不便于安装、运输、维护等特点，尤其是占用室内大面积空间造成建筑的浪费。因此机组小型模块化将成为水冷冷水机组发展的必然趋势。但现有的水冷冷水机组普遍使用的壳管式冷凝器或蒸发冷凝器，存在体积大、效率低、“飞水”现象造成水冷却水浪费严重等现象，制约了水冷冷水机组的小型化、模块化。
现有的水冷冷水机组中，水冷壳管式冷凝器及蒸发冷凝换热器还存在如下问题：
壳管式冷凝器：制冷空调运行的过程即是热量从客户端向室外转移的过程，冷媒获得较低的过冷度是空调稳定、高效运行的前提，为使得压缩机排出的高温高压冷媒蒸汽最大限度的接近室外环境度就要求换热器内冷媒流程即管程足够长，出于对换热能力及制造成本考虑，导致壳管式换热器体积较大、功率高，因此不利于换热器的小型化；冷却水的汽化潜热换热量是热传递换热量的数十倍，而壳管式换热器壳与管间封闭的热传递换热方式不利于水的汽化蒸发，限制了换热器的换热效率。因此效率有待提高，降低体积、便于空调的小型化。
蒸发冷凝换热器：现有的蒸发冷却换热器均无布水装置，其需要与喷淋装置配合使用。这样就造成空调机组体积增大，制造成本提高也不利于机组小型化；冷却过程中向下喷洒的冷却水与机组腔内负压下的空气产生逆流造成大量“飞水”、“飘水”现象，即造成水资源浪费又降低了冷却效率。
不管是蒸发冷凝换热器还是水冷壳管式换热器都是单一冷却介质，单一换热面的间壁式换热结构，冷却介质与冷媒通过两介质间的管壁实现热量交换，这种结构限制了两介质间的传热面不利于热传递。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，采用复叠式蒸发冷换热器，换热效率高，节水，便于维护；不仅可制冷，还 可制热；体积小，稳定性高；施工容易；噪声低，降低了使用成本。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，包括蒸发冷换热器、风冷换热器、冷媒运行总成；所述蒸发冷换热器、风冷换热器并联后与冷媒运行总成连接；所述冷媒运行总成用于运行冷媒在蒸发冷换热器或风冷换热器中换热；
所述蒸发冷换热器包括多个换热板，多个换热板沿着与蒸发换热面垂直的方向间隔排列；每个换热板中包括至少一个换热单元；所述换热单元为由多个冷凝管水平段竖向排列成板状结构，多个冷凝管水平段的两端通过冷凝管折弯段连接构成至少一条冷媒换热通道，板状结构的两面构成蒸发换热面；板状结构中竖向排列的多个冷凝管水平段中相邻的两个冷凝管水平段之间无缝隙连接，使蒸发换热面具有连续性且呈凹凸起伏状；最上侧的冷凝管水平段的上方还设置有冷却外管；所述冷却外管与最上侧的冷凝管水平段之间还设置有布水槽；所述布水槽内位于冷却外管与冷凝管水平段之间设置有支架；所述布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板；所述布水微孔板的上端与冷却外管的管壁连接、下端与最上侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接，使布水槽以内嵌的方式固定在冷却外管与换热单元之间而构成一体结构；所述冷却外管设置有若干出水孔与布水槽连通，用于向布水槽均匀注水；所述布水槽用于将冷却外管注入的水通过布水微孔板均流分布于蒸发换热板面形成水幕在冷媒换热通道的外侧与冷媒换热；所述冷媒换热通道内还穿设有冷却内管，用于通过冷却内管的水在冷媒换热通道的内侧与冷媒换热。
进一步地，所述换热板包括多个所述换热单元；多个所述换热单元竖向排列，相邻的两个换热单元通过冷凝管折弯段连接，使各自的冷媒换热通道对应连通；相邻的两个换热单元中位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却外管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部连接；多个所述支架间隔设置在冷却外管的底部与所属换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部之间。
进一步地，相邻的两个换热单元之间的冷却外管、布水槽、布水微孔板的连接方式替换为：所述冷却外管的上方设置有布水槽，布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板，布水微孔板的下端与冷却外管的管壁连接、上端与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接；冷却外管的底部与所属的换热单元中的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部连接；多个所述支架间隔设置在冷却外管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部之间。
进一步地，位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段与位于下侧的换热单元最上侧的冷凝管水平段之间设置布水槽，布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板，布水微孔板的下端与位于下侧的换热单元最上侧的冷凝管水平段的 管壁连接、上端与位于上侧的换热单元最下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接；所述冷却外管穿设在布水槽中。
进一步地，所述冷却外管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部连接并与所属的换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段留有距离，多个所述支架间隔设置在冷却外管的底部与该冷却外管所属的换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部之间。
进一步地，所述冷却外管的底部与其所属的换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部连接并与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段留有距离，多个所述支架间隔设置在冷却外管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部之间。
进一步地，相邻的两个换热单元中，位于下侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段的数量小于位于上侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段的数量，用于使多个换热单元的蒸发换热面的换热面积自上至下递减；位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却外管的出水孔的数量小于位于上侧的冷却外管的出水孔的数量，用于满足对应换热面积的蒸发换热面的布水需求。
进一步地，所述换热板的冷媒换热通道的顶端设置有冷媒蒸汽入口、底端设置有冷媒液体出口；换热板的冷却外管的一端设置有外冷却水入口；冷却内管的两端分别穿出冷媒换热通道，其底端设置有内冷却水入口、顶端设置有内冷却水出口；多个换热板的冷媒蒸汽入口连接有第一冷媒蒸汽主管，多个换热板的冷媒液体出口连接有第一冷媒液体主管，多个换热板的冷却外管的外冷却水入口连接有外冷却进水分流管；所述外冷却进水分流管还连接有冷却副管；多个冷却内管的内冷却水入口连接有冷却主管、内冷却水出口连接有内冷却出水汇集管；所述内冷却出水汇集管与冷却副管连通。
进一步地，所述风冷换热器连接有第二冷媒蒸汽主管和第二冷媒液体主管；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管与第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联后与冷媒运行总成连接，所述第一冷媒液体主管与第二冷媒液体主管并联后与冷媒运行总成连接；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管上设置有第一电磁阀，第二冷媒蒸汽主管上设置有第二电磁阀。
进一步地，所述机组还包括设置水箱；所述水箱内设置有水泵；所述水泵的出水端与冷却主管连通，用于将水箱内的冷却水通过冷却主管送入蒸发冷换热器的冷却内管中，并经冷却副管送入外冷却管中。
进一步地，所述水箱还设置有补水口；所述水箱的底部还连接有排污管；所述排污管上设置有排污电磁阀。
进一步地，所述蒸发冷换热器与水箱之间还设置有冷却填料层，用于对从蒸发冷换热器上滴落的未蒸发的水进行冷却后排至水箱中。
进一步地，所述冷媒运行总成包括压缩机、四通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、气液分离器、第三电磁阀、第二膨胀阀、第三单向阀、第四单向阀；所述机组还包括有多联室内机组；所述压缩机具有出气口、回气口和增焓口；所述四通阀具有a端、b端、c端、d端；所述经济器具有e端、f端、g端、h端，e端与f端在经济器内部连通，g端与h端在经济器内部连通；多联室内机组具有j端和k端，j端和k端为多联室内机组的冷媒通道的两个端口。
进一步地，所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管/第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器的第一冷媒蒸汽主管及第一电磁阀与第一冷媒液体主管、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、多联室内机组的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口连通构成第一制冷运行通道。
进一步地，所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管/第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联的管路、风冷换热器的第二冷媒蒸汽主管及第二电磁阀与第二冷媒液体主管、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、多联室内机组的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第二制冷运行通道。
进一步地，所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与d端、多联室内机组的k端与j端、第三单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管/第二冷媒液体主管并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器的第一冷媒液体主管与第一冷媒蒸汽主管及第一电磁阀、四通阀的b端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第一制热运行通道。
进一步地，所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与d端、多联室内机组的k端与j端、第三单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管/第二冷媒液体主管并联的管路、风冷换热器的第二冷媒液体主管与第二冷媒蒸汽主管及第二电磁阀、四通阀的b端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第二制热运行通道。
进一步地，所述第一制热运行通道和第二制热运行通道中，干燥过滤器的出口、第二膨胀阀、经济器的e端与f端、第三电磁阀、压缩机的增焓口依次连通构成辅助增焓回路；所述经济器内位于e端与f端之间的内部通道与位于h端与g端之间的内部通道进行换热。
进一步地，所述机组还包括机壳，所述机壳的顶部设置有通风口；所述通风口内设置有风机；所述风机的下方依次设置所述的蒸发冷换热器、冷却填料层；所述风冷换热器设置在蒸发冷换热器的外侧；所述水箱设置在蒸发冷换热器和风冷换热器的下方，所述机壳在于风冷换热器相对应的侧壁上还设置有通风格栅；所述风机与蒸发冷换热器之间还设置有隔水板；所述机壳内位于水箱的下方还设置有设备室；所述冷媒运行总成安装在设备室内，所述设备室内还设置有电控箱，用于控制风机、水泵、压缩机、四通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀和第三电磁阀。
进一步地，所述机组不包括多联室内机组，机组与室内换热器连接；所述室内换热器包括室外侧换热部和室内侧换热部；所述室外侧换热部与室内侧换热部通过载冷剂通道连通；所述室外侧换热部还包括与载冷剂通道换热的冷媒换热通道；所述冷媒换热通道具有m端和n端，m端和n端分别替代多联室内机组的j端和k端与冷媒运行总成连接；所述室外侧换热部设置在机组内的设备室中。
本发明的优点：本发明的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，采用风冷换热器和蒸发冷换热器并联的设计，不仅可通过空气和水进行制冷，还可通过空气和工业余热废水制热；采用的复叠式蒸发冷换热器的设计，集管壳式封闭对流换热与开放型蒸发冷却换热于一身，改变传统换热器两介质间同侧单一换热面积限制，利用内、外管两个换热面换热，增大了冷媒的换热面积；同一个换热器同时实现水冷换热及蒸发冷却换热两种换热方式，冷却水与冷媒的二次换热达到了复叠换热效果，可大幅提高换热效率、降低换热器体积，节水，且便于维护；单机组体积小，便于运输和安装，多个机组并联模块化安装可替代传统的大型水冷冷水机组，提高整个空调系统的运行稳定性；机组可直接安装在楼顶屋面，无需专设机房，减少了安装工程的施工量，降低了施工难度；机组整体产生的噪声可控制在65分贝以下，无需对机组进行额外的降噪处理，降低了使用成本。
附图说明
图1为实施例一的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的示意图；
图2为实施例一的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的冷媒运行总成的示意图；
图3为实施例一的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的蒸发冷换热器的立体示意图；
图4为实施例一的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的蒸发冷换热器的换热板的示意图
图5为实施例一的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的蒸发冷换热器的换 热板的内部结构的示意图；
图6为实施例一的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的蒸发冷换热器的换热板的最上侧的换热单元的截面示意图；
图7为实施例一的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的蒸发冷换热器的换热板的相邻两个换热单元的截面示意图；
图8为实施例二的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的蒸发冷换热器的换热板的相邻两个换热单元的截面示意图；
图9为实施例三的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的蒸发冷换热器的换热板的相邻两个换热单元的截面示意图；
图10为实施例四的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的蒸发冷换热器的换热板的相邻两个换热单元的截面示意图；
图11为实施例五的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的示意图；
图12为实施例五的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的冷媒运行总成的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面将结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，该实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不对本发明的保护范围构成限定。
实施例一
如图1至图7所示，本实施例提供了一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，包括蒸发冷换热器2、风冷换热器3、冷媒运行总成6；所述蒸发冷换热器2、风冷换热器3并联后与冷媒运行总成6连接；所述冷媒运行总成6用于运行冷媒在蒸发冷换热器2或风冷换热器3中换热；所述蒸发冷换热器2包括多个换热板；多个换热板沿着与蒸发换热面垂直的方向间隔排列；每个换热板包括至少一个换热单元；所述换热单元为由多个冷凝管水平段205竖向排列成板状结构，多个冷凝管水平段205的两端通过冷凝管折弯段214连接构成至少一条冷媒换热通道，板状结构的两面构成蒸发换热面；板状结构中竖向排列的多个冷凝管水平段205中相邻的两个冷凝管水平段205之间无缝隙连接(即相邻换热管间保持最小间距)，使蒸发换热面具有连续性且呈凹凸起伏状；最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的上方还设置有冷却外管203；所述冷却外管203与最上侧的冷凝管水平段205之间还设置有布水槽201；所述布水槽201内位于冷却外管203与冷凝管水平段205之间还设置有支架206；所述布水槽201的两侧设置有布水微孔板202；所述布水微孔板202的上端与冷却外管203的管壁连接、下端与最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的管壁连接，使布水槽201以内嵌的方式固定在冷却外管203与换热单元之间而构成一体结构；所述冷却外管203设置有若干出水孔204与布水槽201连通，用于向布水槽201均 匀注水；所述布水槽201用于将冷却外管203注入的水通过布水微孔板202均流分布于蒸发换热板面形成水幕在冷媒换热通道的外侧与冷媒换热；所述冷媒换热通道内还穿设有冷却内管207，用于通过冷却内管207的水在冷媒换热通道的内侧与冷媒换热。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，所采用的蒸发冷换热器2中，采用内套管单管S型盘绕方式，且直管段横切面圆心在同一直线上(竖向排列)，相邻换热管间保持最小间距，形成包括直管段、弯管段构成的一个换热平面整体，即板面结构。在换热器板面的最上端设置有与换热管平行的、等管径的冷却外管，冷却外管壁下端设有密集排列的出水孔。冷却外管与换热管间保持一定距离，两管间沿冷却外管与换热管外壁切线方向固定有布水微孔板构成布水槽，布水槽的两端设置有封板；布水槽就形成了由冷却外管与相邻的冷凝管及布水微孔板所构成一个与整个换热表面一体化的隐形布水器。布水槽、布水槽下端依次排列的换热管就构成了一个换热单元。通过此种设计，冷凝管内壁与冷却内管外壁之间构成了冷媒换热通道，冷却内管内构成冷却水的第一换热通道，冷凝管外壁所在的换热板面构成了冷却水蒸发的第二换热通道；使冷媒换热通道具有一内一外的两个换热面。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，所采用的蒸发冷换热器2分为两个换热过程：第一个换热过程为水与冷媒热传递换热过程，此过程为传统壳管式对流换热过程，热量在封闭空间内通过冷却内管的管壁传递给其外侧的冷媒介质；第二个换热过程为蒸发冷却换热过程，经第一换热过程换热升温后的冷却水进入冷却外管，经布水槽溢出后均匀分布于整个换热面，管内冷媒通过换热板面将热量传递给冷却水，冷却水蒸发产生过饱和蒸汽，在风机作用下排放到大气中，此换热为蒸发冷却换热方式，整个换热过程在常压下开放空间内进行，冷媒与管外和内管冷却水同时换热可得到充分冷凝。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，所采用的蒸发冷换热器2中，冷却外管与设定一定间距的相邻冷凝管及垂直相切于相邻两管外壁的布水微孔板构成了内嵌隐藏式的布水槽。当冷却水输送到冷却外管后，由于冷却外管分布有多排的出水孔，所以冷却水被均匀的喷洒于整个布水槽中。布水槽内空气压力与外大气压力相等，冷却水在自有重力及大气压力双重作用下保持均压状态；冷却水能够在自身重力流下通过布水微孔板均流分布于蒸发换热板面，形成自上至下的薄层水帘(水幕)。由于水的表面张力作用，冷却水无间隙、连续、直接粘附于整个蒸发换热板面，水膜充分延展，薄且均匀，从而提高蒸发效率；并且不会产生游离的水存在，可最大限度避免飞水、飘水现象。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所采用的蒸发冷换热器2 的布水槽201的加工方式为：直接在排列好的冷却外管和冷凝管之间焊接布水微孔板即可，并将布水槽长度方向的两端用封板封闭，即可形成一体结构，布水微孔板对流水有一定的阻力，可使水在布水槽中形成一定的水位，布水微孔板也可为筛网、纳米级网，只要使布水槽保持一定水位即可；布水微孔板的材质可以为铜、铝、不锈钢、合金，也可为其它方便制网或开孔的金属材料；通过控制冷却外管的进水量来控制布水槽内的水位，在确保换热单元底端淋水充足前提下，使冷却水供应量最低，不产生盈余，以达到精准布水目的；并且，由于冷却水与冷媒进行了两次换热，使得冷却水换热的运载能力大幅提高，进而降低了冷却水循环量，有利于降低供应冷却水的水箱体积，利于采用本换热器的机组的小型化。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，采用的蒸发冷换热器2中，冷凝管外壁构成一个完整、连续的换热板面，冷凝管外壁形成的M型凹凸相间曲面结构(凹凸起伏状)增大了换热面积，换热量更高；M型凹凸相间曲面可延长冷却水在板面的泄流时间，冷却水在凹凸面间流速、流向不断改变，紊流的出现对冷却水膜构成扰动效应，增大了蒸发面的换热系数，提高换热效率；这就使相同换热量的情况下，机组内的蒸发冷换热器的体积更小，相应的也大幅减小了机组整体的体积，达到小型化的目的。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，蒸发冷换热器中采用多个换热板沿着与蒸发换热面垂直的方向间隔排列的方式，各换热板间保持有足够的间隙形成便于空气流通的通道，又方便清洗和维护。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，以蒸发冷换热器为基础，通过与蒸发冷换热器并联加装风冷换热器，实现了水冷(蒸发冷)冷水机组的热泵制热功能，改变了传统水冷冷水机组只制冷不制热现状，扩展了水冷冷水机组使用功能。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，采用的蒸发冷换热器中，所述换热板包括多个实施例一所述的换热单元；多个所述换热单元竖向排列，相邻的两个换热单元通过冷凝管折弯段214连接，使各自的冷媒换热通道对应连通。相邻的两个换热单元之间的冷却外管203的外径与冷凝管的外径一致。冷却外管203、布水槽201、布水微孔板202的连接方式与前述布水槽连接方式设置相同；另外，相邻的两个换热单元中位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却外管203的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段205的底部连接；多个所述支架206间隔设置在冷却外管203的底部与所属换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的顶部之间。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，采用多个换热单元的分段式设计，布水槽将每个换热板分为多个独立蒸发冷却的换热单元，每个换 热单元只需保证本单元最小淋水量，使分布于冷凝换热板面水膜足够薄，便于冷却水汽化蒸发；分段喷淋单元式设计既保持了整个板面水膜的完整性，又保证了每个换热单元淋水最少、水膜最薄。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，相邻的两个换热单元中，位于下侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段205的数量小于位于上侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段205的数量，用于使多个换热单元的蒸发换热面的换热面积自上至下递减；位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却外管203的出水孔204的数量小于位于上侧的冷却外管203的出水孔204的数量(出水孔沿冷却外管长度方向的间距加大)，用于满足对应换热面积的蒸发换热面的布水需求。由于冷媒在冷媒冷凝通道中自上至下逐层降温，上侧为高温区，蒸发量大，上侧的蒸发换热面的面积也设置的相应大一些并提供充足的布水量；而下侧为低温区，蒸发量相对减少，就需要相应减少蒸发换热面的面积并减少布水量(逐层降低冷却外管的孔的数量)；此种递减的设计方式，可充分利用分段式设计的优势，即可保证对相应的换热单元布水充分，又可保证该换热单元的布水量最小，防止位于上侧的换热单元未被汽化的冷却水向位于下侧的换热单元堆积；确保各换热单元水膜均匀且薄，并且更加省水。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所述换热板的冷媒换热通道的顶端设置有冷媒蒸汽入口2081、底端设置有冷媒液体出口2082；换热板的冷却外管203的一端设置有外冷却水入口2031；冷却内管207的两端分别穿出冷媒换热通道，其底端设置有内冷却水入口2071、顶端设置有内冷却水出口2072；冷媒蒸汽入口2081连接有第一冷媒蒸汽主管208，冷媒液体出口2082连接有第一冷媒液体主管210，冷却外管203的外冷却水入口2031连接有外冷却进水分流管209；外冷却进水分流管209还连接有冷却副管211；冷却内管207的内冷却水入口2071连接有冷却主管212、内冷却水出口2072连接有内冷却出水汇集管213；内冷却出水汇集管213与冷却副管211连通。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所述风冷换热器3连接有第二冷媒蒸汽主管301和第二冷媒液体主管302；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管208与第二冷媒蒸汽主管301并联后与冷媒运行总成6连接，所述第一冷媒液体主管210与第二冷媒液体主管302并联后与冷媒运行总成6连接；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管208上设置有第一电磁阀603，第二冷媒蒸汽主管301上设置有第二电磁阀604。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所述机组还包括设置水箱5；所述水箱5内设置有水泵501；所述水泵501的出水端与冷却主管212连通，用于将水箱5内的冷却水通过冷却主管212送入蒸发冷换热器2中；所述水箱5还设置有补水口502；所述水箱5的底部还连接有排污管503；所 述排污管503上设置有排污电磁阀504；所述蒸发冷换热器2与水箱5之间还设置有冷却填料层4，用于对从蒸发冷换热器2上滴落的未蒸发的水进行冷却后排至水箱5中。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所述冷媒运行总成6包括压缩机601、四通阀602、第一电磁阀603、第二电磁阀604、第一单向阀605、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器608、第一膨胀阀609、第二单向阀610、气液分离器611、第三电磁阀612、第二膨胀阀613、第三单向阀614、第四单向阀615；所述机组还包括多联室内机组12(氟机)；所述压缩机601具有出气口6011、回气口6012和增焓口6013；所述四通阀602具有a端、b端、c端、d端；所述经济器608具有e端、f端、g端、h端，e端与f端在经济器608内部连通，g端与h端在经济器608内部连通；多联室内机组12具有j端和k端，j端和k端为多联室内机组的冷媒通道的两个端口；
所述压缩机601的出气口、四通阀602的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管208/第二冷媒蒸汽主管301并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器2的第一冷媒蒸汽主管208及第一电磁阀603与第一冷媒液体主管210、第一单向阀605、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀609、第二单向阀610、多联室内机组12的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器611、压缩机601的回气口连通构成第一制冷运行通道；
所述压缩机601的出气口、四通阀602的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管208/第二冷媒蒸汽主管301并联的管路、风冷换热器3的第二冷媒蒸汽主管301及第二电磁阀604与第二冷媒液体主管302、第一单向阀605、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀609、第二单向阀610、多联室内机组12的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器611、压缩机601的回气口依次连通构成第二制冷运行通道；
所述压缩机601的出气口、四通阀602的a端与d端、多联室内机组12的k端与j端、第三单向阀614、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀609、第四单向阀615、第一冷媒液体主管210/第二冷媒液体主管302并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器2的第一冷媒液体主管210与第一冷媒蒸汽主管208及第一电磁阀603、四通阀602的b端与c端/气液分离器611、压缩机601的回气口依次连通构成第一制热运行通道；
所述压缩机601的出气口、四通阀602的a端与d端、多联室内机组12的k端与j端、第三单向阀614、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀609、第四单向阀615、第一冷媒液体主管210/第二冷媒液体主管302并联的管路、风冷换热器3的第二冷媒液体主管302与第二冷媒蒸汽主管301及第二电磁阀604、四通阀602的b端与c端、气液分离器 611、压缩机601的回气口依次连通构成第二制热运行通道；
所述第一制热运行通道和第二制热运行通道中，干燥过滤器607的出口、第二膨胀阀613、经济器的e端与f端、第三电磁阀612、压缩机601的增焓口依次连通构成辅助增焓回路；所述经济器内位于e端与f端之间的内部通道与位于h端与g端之间的内部通道进行换热。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所述机组还包括机壳1，所述机壳1的顶部设置有通风口11；所述通风口11内设置有风机7；所述风机7的下方依次设置所述的蒸发冷换热器2、冷却填料层4；所述风冷换热器3设置在蒸发冷换热器2的外侧；所述水箱5设置在蒸发冷换热器2和风冷换热器3的下方，所述机壳1在与风冷换热器3相对应的侧壁上还设置有通风格栅9；所述风机7与蒸发冷换热器2之间还设置有隔水板8；所述机壳1内位于水箱5的下方还设置有设备室；所述冷媒运行总成6安装在设备室内，所述设备室内还设置有电控箱10，用于控制风机7、水泵501、压缩机601、四通阀602、第一电磁阀603、第二电磁阀604和第三电磁阀612。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，采用的蒸发冷换热器，通过一体化、水幕、复叠式的设计，提高了冷却水蒸发量使冷却水循环量降低从而使冷却循环泵功耗进一步降低，分段式设计、梯级单元式的布水方式使布水更精细，只需小流量的冷却水循环就可满足冷却功能；内嵌隐藏设置的布水槽实现水幕式布水，杜绝游离水的存在，不会产生飞水；冷却水循环量减少从而降低了风机风量、风速，可最大限度避免“飞水”、“飘水”现象发生，节约了用水，冷却水循环量的减少还缩小了冷却水箱体积，使机组体积减少；使机组的换热效能更高，体型更小，实现机组的小型化。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，将螺杆或离心压缩机改换为涡旋旋压缩机或小功率螺杆压缩机，将机组整个冷媒循环系统内置到与机组相匹配的冷却塔中，形成换热系统与冷却系统高度集成的一体化机组，实现了机组小型化、型模块化(消耗功率5KW-40KW)；模块化后单机的占地面积2-3㎡、重量减小到0.5T左右，便于机组的安装、运输。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，集成后的机组省去了传统冷水机组工程中的冷却管网铺设，减小施工量降低了施工难度；内置的冷却水循环系统的扬程接近“0”，冷却循环泵功率更低；采用开放式换热方式，利用水的自身重力流与冷媒换热，进一步降低循环泵功率；并且内嵌式的水幕式布水无噪声，由于高效的换热效率，压缩机采用小型压缩机降低了噪音源强度，冷却水循环量减少降低了风机功率，冷却循环泵的功率也有效降低，进一步减小了所产生的噪声；整体降低改善噪声污染程度；机组噪声即可控制在65分贝以下，完全达到国家规范标准，从而解决噪声污染问题。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，融合热泵技术，蒸发冷换热器加装风冷换热器，并通过共用冷媒循环以及其它各组件，使机组实现了风冷热泵制热功能，达到一机两用的目的。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，压缩机可采用涡旋压缩机或小功率螺杆压缩机，单机重量减小到0.5吨以下，实现了机组小型化、型模块化，可便于机组的安装、运输；小型模块化的机组可安装在楼顶屋面，无需专设机房，从而节省了室内空间；多个小型模块化后的本机组同时运行互为备用，个别机组维修、维护不影响整体运行使用，提高了整个空调系统的运行稳定性。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所采用的蒸发冷换热器的工作原理如下：冷却水由冷却主管从冷却内管的内冷却水入口进入自下向上在冷却内管中流动，冷媒蒸汽由冷媒蒸汽入口进入自上至下向下在冷媒换热通道中流动，构成了冷却水的第一次换热。冷媒向下流动的过程温度逐渐降低，冷却水向上运动温度逐渐升高。冷却水自内冷却水出口流出进入内冷却出水汇集管后进入冷却副管，再由冷却副管导入外冷却进水分流管后，由外冷却水入口进入冷却外管中，再经冷却外管的出水孔进入布水槽中，由于冷却管分布有多排的出水孔，所以冷却水被均匀的喷洒于整个布水槽中。布水槽内空气压力与外大气压力相等，冷却水在自有重力及大气压力双重作用下保持均压状态；冷却水能够在自身重力流下通过布水网均流分布于蒸发换热板面，形成自上至下的一薄层水膜(水幕)，冷却水与冷媒换热通道的冷媒进行第二次热交换后汽化蒸发带走更多热量，管内冷媒温度进一步降低；冷却水吸热在冷凝器表面汽化蒸发，蒸发形成的饱和蒸汽在风机作用下被排放到大气中；未蒸发的冷却水由于和冷凝管中冷媒蒸汽对流换热后升温，在自身重力流的状态下沿着换热表面两侧经换热面底端滴落在设置于蒸发冷凝器下部的冷却填料中。此时的蒸发冷凝器充当冷却水冷却冷凝过程中的布水功能，沿整个蒸发冷凝器底部滴落的冷却水均匀滴落到其下部的冷却填料顶部，冷却水沿向下流动时在冷却填料表面再次形成很薄的水膜，同样在风机的作用下填料表面的冷却水膜与掠过填料表面的环境空气换热，冷却水被冷却后降温，空气升温后通过风机排放到大气中，此时填料具有冷却功能。冷却后的冷却水沿着整个冷却填料的水平下表面均匀的滴落在整个冷却水箱的表面，在水泵的作用下，较低温度的冷却水向下运动，再经冷却主管进入各换热单元的冷却内管中进入下一个冷却循环。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，包括蒸发冷换热器的制冷模式，风冷换热器的制冷模式，风冷换热器的化霜模式，风冷换热器的制热模式，蒸发冷换热器的制热模式，具体模式流程如下：
一、蒸发冷换热器的制冷模式
此模式下，水箱的补水口切换至冷却水接口。
冷媒流程：第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第一电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与b端相通、c端与d端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压冷媒蒸汽从压缩机出气口喷出，经四通阀的a端入、b端出后，通过第一电磁阀经第一冷媒蒸汽主管进入蒸发冷换热器各换热单元中，冷媒蒸汽与冷却内管的水以及冷却外管所形成的水幕换热冷却；水幕的冷却水与蒸发冷换热器内的冷媒蒸汽换热升温汽化蒸发，部分冷却水由液态变为气态，以水的汽化潜热形式通过风机排到室外大气中；被蒸发冷换热器冷凝液化的低温高压液态冷媒经第一冷媒液体主管后，再经第一单向阀后进入储液罐中，低温高压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器、再经过经济器的h端入、g端出后，经第一膨胀阀节流减压冷媒压力、温度降低；节流后的低温低压液态冷媒经第二单向阀后从多联室内机组的j端入、k端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，低温低压液态冷媒吸热汽化蒸发为冷媒蒸汽，冷媒蒸汽再经四通阀的d端入、c端出，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒循环过程。
此模式下，水泵优先压缩机启动，于设定时间间隔后风机启动；水箱内较低温度的冷却水在水泵的作用下经冷却主管进入蒸发冷换热器的各换热单元的冷却内管中，冷却内管在与冷媒蒸汽换热后，进入冷却副管，再进入蒸发冷换热器的各换热单元的冷却外管中，之后经各换热单元的布水槽后，均衡分布于各换热板的表面，形成一层水膜，由于各换热板表面温度为90℃左右，所以冷却水升温快速汽化蒸发，从而直接带走大量冷媒的热量，未被汽化的冷却水与各换热板对流换热升温后滴落到下方的冷却填料层上部，冷却水沿着冷却填料层表面在重力的作用下自上至下形成一层薄薄的水膜，由于冷却水的温度高于环境温度，所以水膜表面的水蒸气处于过饱和状态形成雾化，雾化的水蒸汽在风机的作用下被排放，以潜热的方式转移到大气中；未汽化的较高温度冷却水与冷却填料层进行对流换热、与空气辐射换热；随着冷却水沿着冷却填料层下沉，温度逐渐降低，最终所有的热量通过风机排放到大气中；降温后的较低温度的冷却水沿着冷却填料层的底面均匀的滴落到冷却水箱的上表面，完成一个水循环过程。
二、风冷换热器的制冷模式
冷媒流程：第一电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第二电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与b端相通、c端与d端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽从压缩机的出气口喷出，经四通阀a端入、b端出后，通过第二电磁阀经第二冷媒蒸汽主管进入风冷换热器中，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽与流经风冷换热器表面的 循环空气换热，冷媒蒸汽冷却液化降温，换热升温后热空气通过风机排到室外大气中；被冷凝的低温高压液态冷媒经第二冷媒液体主管后，再经第一单向阀后进入储液罐中，低温高压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器、再经过经济器的h端入、g端出后，经第一膨胀阀节流减压冷媒压力、温度降低；节流后的低温低压液态冷媒经第二单向阀从多联室内机组的j端入、k端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，低温低压液态冷媒吸热汽化蒸发为冷媒蒸汽，冷媒蒸汽再经四通阀的d端入、c端出，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒循环过程。
此模式下，水泵关闭，风机优先压缩机启动，蒸发冷换热器处于待机状态；由于风机的作用，机组内部呈负压状态，环境空气通过通风格栅进入机组，与风冷换热器换热，冷媒被冷却液化降温，空气被加热带走了冷媒热量，通过排放口排出转移到大气中。
三、风冷换热器的化霜模式
冷媒流程：第一电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第二电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与b端相通、c端与d端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽从压缩机的出气口喷出，经四通阀a端入、b端出后，通过第二电磁阀经第二冷媒蒸汽主管进入风冷换热器中，冷媒蒸汽与风冷换热器表面的冰(霜)换热，冷媒蒸汽冷却液化降温，冰(霜)与风冷换热器内的冷媒蒸汽换热升温后部分成为蒸汽通过空气自然流动扩散排到室外大气中，大部分冰融化为水回流到冷却水箱中。被冷凝的低温高压液态冷媒经第二冷媒液体主管后，再经第一单向阀后进入储液罐中，低温高压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器、再经过经济器的h端入、g端出后，经第一膨胀阀节流减压冷媒压力、温度降低；节流后的低温低压液态冷媒经第二单向阀从多联室内机组的j端入、k端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，低温低压液态冷媒吸热汽化蒸发为冷媒蒸汽，冷媒蒸汽再经四通阀的d端入、c端出，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒循环过程；当环境温度较低时，第三电磁阀打开，流经干燥过滤器后的低温高压冷媒液体一部分经第二膨胀阀后经过经济器的e端入、f端出，此部分的冷媒液体与经济器的h端入、g端出的冷媒液体进行吸热升温汽化，冷媒蒸汽经第三电磁阀后回压缩机的增焓口。
此模式下，水泵关闭，风机关闭，蒸发冷换热器处于待机状态。
四、风冷换热器的制热模式
冷媒流程：第一电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第二电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与d端相通、b端与c端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽经四通阀的a端入、d端出之后从多联室内机组的k端入、j端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，高温高压液态冷媒换热后冷凝为中温 中压的液态冷媒，液态冷媒再经第三单向阀后进入储液罐中，中温中压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器后分为两路：第一路经过经济器的h端入、g端出，第二路经第二膨胀阀节流降压后经过经济器的e端入、f端出；两路冷媒在经济器中换热；第一路的中温中压液态冷媒在经济器中进一步冷凝降温，再经第一膨胀阀节流减压，形成低温低压液态冷媒；低温低压液态冷媒通过第四单向阀、第二冷媒液体主管进入风冷换热器，低温低压液态冷媒与流经此换热器表面的循环空气换热，液态冷媒升温汽化成为冷媒蒸汽，再经第二冷媒蒸汽主管、第二电磁阀后，经四通阀的b端入、c端出后，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒的主循环过程；第二路的中温中压液态冷媒经第二膨胀阀节流降压后在经济器中进一步升温汽化，形成中温低压蒸汽；中温低压蒸汽经第三电磁阀后回压缩机的增焓口，完成一个辅助增焓循环。
此模式下，水泵关闭，风机优先压缩机启动，蒸发冷换热器处于待机状态；由于风机的作用，机组内部呈负压状态，环境空气通过通风格栅进入机组，与风冷换热器换热，冷媒液体被汽化升温，空气释放热量降温，通过排放口排出转移至大气中，实现风冷换热器热泵制热功能。
五、蒸发冷换热器的制热模式
此模式下，水箱的补水口切换至工业余热废水接口。
冷媒流程：第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第一电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与d端相通、b端与c端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽经四通阀的a端入、d端出之后从多联室内机组的k端入、j端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，高温高压液态冷媒换热后冷凝为中温中压的液态冷媒，液态冷媒再经第三单向阀后进入储液罐中，中温中压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器后分为两路：第一路经过经济器的h端入、g端出，第二路经第二膨胀阀节流降压后经过经济器的e端入、f端出；两路冷媒在经济器中换热；第一路的中温中压液态冷媒在经济器中进一步冷凝降温，再经第一膨胀阀节流减压，形成低温低压液态冷媒；低温低压液态冷媒通过第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管进入蒸发冷换热器，低温低压液态冷媒与冷却内管中的及换热器表面的工业余热废水换热后，液态冷媒升温汽化成为冷媒蒸汽，再经第一冷媒蒸汽主管、第一电磁阀后，经四通阀的b端入、c端出后，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒的主循环过程；第二路的中温中压液态冷媒经第二膨胀阀节流降压后在经济器中进一步升温汽化，形成中温低压蒸汽；中温低压蒸汽经第三电磁阀后回压缩机的增焓口，完成一个辅助增焓循环。
此模式下，风机关闭，水泵优先压缩机启动；工业余热废水先经冷却主 管进入冷却内管中，与冷媒液体进行第一次换热后，进入冷却副管，再进入冷却外管，经均衡分布于各换热板的表面，与液态冷媒进行第二次换热；液态冷媒经两次换热，汽化升温，热水释放热量降温，通过排污电磁阀经过排污管排出，实现水源式制热功能。
实施例二
如图8所示，本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组与实施例一的不同点在于：相邻的两个换热单元之间的冷却外管203、布水槽201、布水微孔板202的连接方式为：所述冷却外管203的上方设置有布水槽201，布水槽201的两侧设置有布水微孔板202，布水微孔板202的下端与冷却外管203的管壁连接、上端与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段205的管壁连接；冷却外管203的底部与所属的换热单元中的最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的顶部连接；多个所述支架206间隔设置在冷却外管203的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段205的底部之间。
实施例三
如图9所示，本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组与实施例一的不同点在于：位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段205与位于下侧的换热单元最上侧的冷凝管水平段205之间设置布水槽201，布水槽201的两侧设置有布水微孔板202，布水微孔板202的下端与位于下侧的换热单元最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的管壁连接、上端与位于上侧的换热单元最下侧的冷凝管水平段205的管壁连接；所述冷却外管203穿设在布水槽201中。所述冷却外管203的底部与其所属的换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的顶部连接并与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段205留有距离；多个所述支架206间隔设置在冷却外管203的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段205的底部之间。
实施例四
如图10所示，本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组与实施例三的不同点在于：所述冷却外管203的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段205的底部连接并与所属的换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段205留有距离；多个所述支架206间隔设置在冷却外管203的底部与该冷却外管203所属的换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的顶部之间。
实施例五
如图11和图12所示，本实施例与实施例一的不同点在于：所述机组不包括多联室内机组12，机组与室内换热器(水机)连接；所述室内换热器包括室外侧换热部13和室内侧换热部；所述室外侧换热部13与室内侧换热部通过载冷剂(冷却水)通道连通；所述室外侧换热部13还包括与载冷剂(冷却水) 通道换热的冷媒换热通道；所述冷媒换热通道具有m端和n端，m端和n端分别替代多联室内机组12的j端和k端与冷媒运行总成6连接；所述室外侧换热部13设置在机组内的设备室中。
本实施例的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，换热时，冷媒运行总成内的冷媒进入室外侧换热部的冷媒换热通道与其载冷剂通道内的载冷剂(冷却水)进行换热，载冷剂(冷却水)再输送至室内侧换热部与室内空气进行换热。
上述实施例不应以任何方式限制本发明，凡采用等同替换或等效转换的方式获得的技术方案均落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：包括蒸发冷换热器、风冷换热器、冷媒运行总成；所述蒸发冷换热器、风冷换热器并联后与冷媒运行总成连接；所述冷媒运行总成用于运行冷媒在蒸发冷换热器或风冷换热器中换热；所述蒸发冷换热器包括多个换热板，多个换热板沿着与蒸发换热面垂直的方向间隔排列；每个换热板中包括至少一个换热单元；所述换热单元为由多个冷凝管水平段竖向排列成板状结构，多个冷凝管水平段的两端通过冷凝管折弯段连接构成至少一条冷媒换热通道，板状结构的两面构成蒸发换热面；板状结构中竖向排列的多个冷凝管水平段中相邻的两个冷凝管水平段之间无缝隙连接，使蒸发换热面具有连续性且呈凹凸起伏状；最上侧的冷凝管水平段的上方还设置有冷却外管；所述冷却外管与最上侧的冷凝管水平段之间还设置有布水槽；所述布水槽内位于冷却外管与冷凝管水平段之间设置有支架；所述布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板；所述布水微孔板的上端与冷却外管的管壁连接、下端与最上侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接，使布水槽以内嵌的方式固定在冷却外管与换热单元之间而构成一体结构；所述冷却外管设置有若干出水孔与布水槽连通，用于向布水槽均匀注水；所述布水槽用于将冷却外管注入的水通过布水微孔板均流分布于蒸发换热板面形成水幕在冷媒换热通道的外侧与冷媒换热；所述冷媒换热通道内还穿设有冷却内管，用于通过冷却内管的水在冷媒换热通道的内侧与冷媒换热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述换热板包括多个所述换热单元；多个所述换热单元竖向排列，相邻的两个换热单元通过冷凝管折弯段连接，使各自的冷媒换热通道对应连通；相邻的两个换热单元中位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却外管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部连接；多个所述支架间隔设置在冷却外管的底部与所属换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：相邻的两个换热单元之间的冷却外管、布水槽、布水微孔板的连接方式替换为：所述冷却外管的上方设置有布水槽，布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板，布水微孔板的下端与冷却外管的管壁连接、上端与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接；冷却外管的底部与所属的换热单元中的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部连接；多个所述支架间隔设置在冷却外管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部之间；或者替换为：位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段与位于下侧的换热单元最上侧的冷凝管水平段之间设置布水槽，布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板，布水微孔板的下端与位于下侧的换热单元最上侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接、上端与位于上侧的换热单元最 下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接；所述冷却外管穿设在布水槽中。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述冷却外管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部连接并与所属的换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段留有距离，多个所述支架间隔设置在冷却外管的底部与该冷却外管所属的换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部之间；或者，所述冷却外管的底部与其所属的换热单元的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部连接并与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段留有距离，多个所述支架间隔设置在冷却外管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：相邻的两个换热单元中，位于下侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段的数量小于位于上侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段的数量，用于使多个换热单元的蒸发换热面的换热面积自上至下递减；位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却外管的出水孔的数量小于位于上侧的冷却外管的出水孔的数量，用于满足对应换热面积的蒸发换热面的布水需求。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述换热板的冷媒换热通道的顶端设置有冷媒蒸汽入口、底端设置有冷媒液体出口；换热板的冷却外管的一端设置有外冷却水入口；冷却内管的两端分别穿出冷媒换热通道，其底端设置有内冷却水入口、顶端设置有内冷却水出口；多个换热板的冷媒蒸汽入口连接有第一冷媒蒸汽主管，多个换热板的冷媒液体出口连接有第一冷媒液体主管，多个换热板的冷却外管的外冷却水入口连接有外冷却进水分流管；所述外冷却进水分流管还连接有冷却副管；多个冷却内管的内冷却水入口连接有冷却主管、内冷却水出口连接有内冷却出水汇集管；所述内冷却出水汇集管与冷却副管连通；所述风冷换热器连接有第二冷媒蒸汽主管和第二冷媒液体主管；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管与第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联后与冷媒运行总成连接，所述第一冷媒液体主管与第二冷媒液体主管并联后与冷媒运行总成连接；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管上设置有第一电磁阀，第二冷媒蒸汽主管上设置有第二电磁阀。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述机组还包括设置水箱；所述水箱内设置有水泵；所述水泵的出水端与冷却主管连通，用于将水箱内的冷却水通过冷却主管送入蒸发冷换热器的冷却内管中，并经冷却副管送入外冷却管中；所述水箱还设置有补水口；所述水箱的底部还连接有排污管；所述排污管上设置有排污电磁阀；所述蒸发冷换热器与水箱之间还设置有冷却填料层，用于对从蒸发冷换热器上滴落的未蒸发的水进行冷却后排至水箱中。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述冷媒运行总成包括压缩机、四通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、气液分离器、第三电磁阀、第二膨胀阀、第三单向阀、第四单向阀；所述机组还包括有多联室内机组；所述压缩机具有出气口、回气口和增焓口；所述四通阀具有a端、b端、c端、d端；所述经济器具有e端、f端、g端、h端，e端与f端在经济器内部连通，g端与h端在经济器内部连通；多联室内机组具有j端和k端，j端和k端为多联室内机组的冷媒通道的两个端口；
    所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管/第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器的第一冷媒蒸汽主管及第一电磁阀与第一冷媒液体主管、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、多联室内机组的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口连通构成第一制冷运行通道；
    所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管/第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联的管路、风冷换热器的第二冷媒蒸汽主管及第二电磁阀与第二冷媒液体主管、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、多联室内机组的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第二制冷运行通道；
    所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与d端、多联室内机组的k端与j端、第三单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管/第二冷媒液体主管并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器的第一冷媒液体主管与第一冷媒蒸汽主管及第一电磁阀、四通阀的b端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第一制热运行通道；
    所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与d端、多联室内机组的k端与j端、第三单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管/第二冷媒液体主管并联的管路、风冷换热器的第二冷媒液体主管与第二冷媒蒸汽主管及第二电磁阀、四通阀的b端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第二制热运行通道；
    所述第一制热运行通道和第二制热运行通道中，干燥过滤器的出口、第二膨胀阀、经济器的e端与f端、第三电磁阀、压缩机的增焓口依次连通构成辅助增焓回路；所述经济器内位于e端与f端之间的内部通道与位于h端与g端之间的内部通道进行换热。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述机组还包括机壳，所述机壳的顶部设置有通风口；所述通风口内设置有风机；所述风机的下方依次设置所述的蒸发冷换热器、冷却填料层；所述风冷换热器 设置在蒸发冷换热器的外侧；所述水箱设置在蒸发冷换热器和风冷换热器的下方，所述机壳在于风冷换热器相对应的侧壁上还设置有通风格栅；所述风机与蒸发冷换热器之间还设置有隔水板；所述机壳内位于水箱的下方还设置有设备室；所述冷媒运行总成安装在设备室内，所述设备室内还设置有电控箱，用于控制风机、水泵、压缩机、四通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀和第三电磁阀。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的一种复叠式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述机组不包括多联室内机组，机组与室内换热器连接；所述室内换热器包括室外侧换热部和室内侧换热部；所述室外侧换热部与室内侧换热部通过载冷剂通道连通；所述室外侧换热部还包括与载冷剂通道换热的冷媒换热通道；所述冷媒换热通道具有m端和n端，m端和n端分别替代多联室内机组的j端和k端与冷媒运行总成连接；所述室外侧换热部设置在机组内的设备室中。
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