WO2021228096A1 - 一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器及热泵模块机组 - Google Patents

一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器及热泵模块机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021228096A1
WO2021228096A1 PCT/CN2021/093093 CN2021093093W WO2021228096A1 WO 2021228096 A1 WO2021228096 A1 WO 2021228096A1 CN 2021093093 W CN2021093093 W CN 2021093093W WO 2021228096 A1 WO2021228096 A1 WO 2021228096A1
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Prior art keywords
heat exchange
water
refrigerant
cooling
unit
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PCT/CN2021/093093
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李国斌
李一杰
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瀚润联合高科技发展（北京）有限公司
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Publication of WO2021228096A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021228096A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of heat pump units, in particular to a self-spraying water curtain type evaporative cold heat exchanger and a heat pump module unit.
  • water-cooled chillers Since water-cooled chillers have significant energy-saving effects compared to air-cooled chillers, they have a higher market share as the first choice in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning.
  • water-cooled chillers generally use screw compressors or centrifugal compressors.
  • the cooling capacity of a single unit ranges from hundreds of kilowatts to thousands of kilowatts. Therefore, the unit has high power and large size, which is not convenient for transportation, installation, and maintenance.
  • the disadvantage is that the heating function cannot be realized.
  • the water-cooled chiller requires a specific machine room, and the installation area of the main engine is as small as hundreds of square meters, which can result in a waste of effective use of the area of the main body of the building.
  • land resources are tight and real estate regulation is becoming more and more stringent. It is of great significance to reduce the area used by land and increase the utilization rate of buildings.
  • some newly built and rebuilt buildings have indoor space restrictions due to various reasons. It is not possible to install the refrigeration host indoors, but the alternative scheme of using air-cooled water-cooled units will greatly increase the operating cost of air-conditioning.
  • the excessively long cooling circulation pipe network in the water-cooled chiller leads to an increase in construction volume and construction cost.
  • the machine room of the water-cooled chiller is generally set in the underground part of the main building, and the cooling tower is set on the roof of the main building.
  • the distance between the refrigeration host and the cooling tower in the computer room ranges from tens of meters to hundreds of meters.
  • the large-diameter cooling water supply and return network is difficult to construct and requires high professionalism, which makes the overall cost of the air-conditioning project higher.
  • the cooling circulation pump in the water-cooled chiller has high power consumption.
  • the head of the cooling circulating pump is large, the power of the cooling circulating pump is high, and the energy consumption is correspondingly increased.
  • the existing water-cooled chillers mostly use shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Due to the short shell path, fast flow rate is required. This results in a large pressure difference between the fluid inlet and outlet, which greatly increases the fluid resistance in the shell and makes the cooling circulating pump power. Increase and energy consumption increase.
  • Water-cooled chillers generally use high-power screw compressors (single unit power consumption above 100KW) or centrifugal compressors (single unit power consumption above 200KW-1000KW).
  • the unit weight is as small as one or two tons and weighs several tons, resulting in water-cooled chillers. It is difficult to transport and install.
  • the water-cooled chiller is not easy to maintain, and the repair price is high.
  • the cooling tower of the water-cooled chiller unit has serious water flying, causing a waste of water resources.
  • the cooling water is accompanied by severe water flying, and the drifting water droplets are discharged into the atmosphere with the fan, resulting in a waste of reactive power of the cooling water.
  • the water-cooled chiller does not have the heating function.
  • Traditional water-cooled chillers use water as the cooling medium to cool the refrigerant vapor.
  • the heated cooling water transfers heat to the ambient air through a cooling tower set outside; the cooling and heat transfer process is: refrigerant ⁇ water ⁇ air.
  • the heat transfer process is reversed: refrigerant ⁇ water ⁇ air. Since the heating operation is carried out in winter, it is obvious that the cooling tower will not be able to realize the reverse transfer of heat when the cooling water is lower than "0°C".
  • the invention provides a self-spraying water curtain type evaporative cold heat exchanger and a heat pump module unit.
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger has high heat exchange efficiency, water saving and easy maintenance.
  • the heat pump module unit can not only refrigerate, but also heat; it is small in size, high in stability, easy in construction, low in noise, and lower in use cost.
  • the present invention provides a self-spraying water curtain type evaporative cold heat exchanger, which includes a plurality of heat exchange plates; the plurality of heat exchange plates are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the evaporative heat exchange surface; each heat exchange plate includes at least A heat exchange unit; the heat exchange unit is composed of a plurality of horizontal sections of condenser tubes arranged vertically into a plate-like structure, and the two ends of the horizontal sections of the plurality of condenser tubes are connected by the bending section of the condenser tube to form at least one refrigerant condensing channel, and the plate
  • the two sides of the shape structure constitute the evaporation heat exchange surface, and the two adjacent horizontal sections of the condenser tube are seamlessly connected, so that the evaporation heat exchange surface has continuity and is concave and convex; the uppermost horizontal section of the condenser tube is also set above the horizontal section
  • the anti-flying water net is laid on the surface of the evaporation heat exchange plate and connected to the horizontal section of each condenser tube.
  • the top of the anti-flying water net is connected to the pipe wall of the uppermost horizontal section of the condenser tube. Connection, the bottom end is connected with the pipe wall of the lowermost horizontal section of the condenser tube, so that the water-distributing microporous plate and the anti-flying water net form a complete board surface.
  • the heat exchange plate includes a plurality of the heat exchange units; the plurality of heat exchange units are arranged vertically, and two adjacent heat exchange units are connected by a bending section of the condenser tube, so that the respective refrigerants The condensing channel is correspondingly connected.
  • the top of the cooling pipe in the heat exchange unit located on the lower side of the two adjacent heat exchange units is connected to the bottom of the horizontal section of the condenser pipe on the lowermost side of the heat exchange unit located on the upper side.
  • the bottom end of the anti-flying water net of each heat exchange unit is replaced with the pipe wall of the cooling pipe of the adjacent heat exchange unit located on the lower side.
  • the number of horizontal sections of condenser tubes in the heat exchange unit on the lower side is smaller than the number of horizontal condenser tubes in the heat exchange unit on the upper side, so as to make The heat exchange area of the evaporative heat exchange surface of multiple heat exchange units decreases from top to bottom; the number of water outlet holes of the cooling pipe in the heat exchange unit on the lower side is less than the number of water outlet holes of the cooling pipe on the upper side (water outlet The distance between the holes along the length of the cooling pipe is increased), which is used to meet the water distribution requirements of the evaporation heat exchange surface corresponding to the heat exchange area.
  • connection mode of the cooling tube, the water distribution tank, and the water distribution microporous plate between two adjacent heat exchange units is replaced with: a water distribution tank is arranged above the cooling tube, and the water distribution tank is arranged on both sides of the water distribution tank.
  • a water-distributing microporous plate is provided, the lower end of the water-distributing microporous plate is connected with the pipe wall of the cooling pipe, and the upper end is connected with the pipe wall of the lowermost condenser tube horizontal section of the upper heat exchange unit; the bottom of the cooling pipe Connected to the top of the horizontal section of the uppermost condensing tube in the heat exchange unit to which it belongs; correspondingly, in the heat exchange unit on the lower side, the top of the anti-flying water net is replaced with the tube wall of the cooling pipe of the heat exchange unit to which it belongs The connection and the bottom end are replaced by the connection with the pipe wall of the horizontal section of the condenser tube on the lowermost side of the heat exchange unit.
  • the present invention also provides a self-spraying water curtain type evaporative cold and heat pump module unit, which includes any of the above-mentioned self-spraying water curtain type evaporative cold heat exchangers, and a refrigerant condensation channel of each heat exchange plate in the evaporative cold heat exchanger
  • the top end is provided with a refrigerant steam inlet and the bottom end is provided with a refrigerant liquid outlet; one end of the cooling pipe of the heat exchange plate is provided with a cooling water inlet; the refrigerant steam inlets of multiple heat exchange plates are connected with a refrigerant steam collection pipe, and multiple heat exchange
  • the refrigerant liquid outlet of the plate is connected with a refrigerant liquid collecting pipe, and the cooling water inlets of the cooling pipes of a plurality of heat exchange plates are connected with a cooling collecting pipe;
  • the refrigerant steam collecting pipe is also connected with a first refrigerant steam main pipe, the refrigerant liquid
  • the collecting pipe is also
  • the heat pump module unit further includes an air-cooled heat exchanger and a refrigerant operation assembly; the evaporative cold heat exchanger and the air-cooled heat exchanger are connected in parallel with the refrigerant operation assembly; the refrigerant operation assembly It is used for operating refrigerant to exchange heat in an evaporative cold heat exchanger or an air-cooled heat exchanger; the air-cooled heat exchanger is connected with a second refrigerant steam main pipe and a second refrigerant liquid main pipe; the first refrigerant steam main pipe and the second The refrigerant steam main pipe is connected in parallel with the refrigerant operation assembly, the first refrigerant liquid main pipe is connected in parallel with the second refrigerant liquid main pipe and then connected with the refrigerant operation assembly; the first refrigerant steam main pipe is provided with a first solenoid valve, A second solenoid valve is arranged on the second refrigerant steam main pipe.
  • the unit further includes a water tank; a water pump is provided in the water tank; the water outlet of the water pump is connected to the cooling main pipe for sending the cooling water in the water tank to the evaporative cooling heat exchange through the cooling main pipe ⁇
  • the water tank is further provided with a water replenishment port; the bottom of the water tank is also connected with a sewage pipe; and the sewage pipe is provided with a sewage solenoid valve.
  • a cooling filler layer is also provided between the evaporative cold heat exchanger and the water tank, for cooling the unevaporated water dripping from the evaporative cold heat exchanger and then discharge it into the water tank.
  • the refrigerant operation assembly includes a compressor, a four-way valve, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a first one-way valve, a liquid storage tank, a filter drier, an economizer, and a first expansion valve.
  • the air outlet of the compressor, the a and b ends of the four-way valve, the parallel pipeline of the first refrigerant steam main pipe/the second refrigerant steam main pipe, and the first refrigerant steam of the evaporative cold heat exchanger The main pipe and the first solenoid valve and the first refrigerant liquid main pipe, the first one-way valve, the liquid storage tank, the dryer filter, the h end and the g end of the economizer, the first expansion valve, the second one-way valve, and the multi-compartment chamber
  • the j end and k end of the unit, the d end and c end of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the air return port of the compressor are connected to form a first refrigeration operation channel.
  • the air outlet of the compressor, the a and b ends of the four-way valve, the parallel pipeline of the first refrigerant steam main pipe/the second refrigerant steam main pipe, and the second refrigerant steam of the air-cooled heat exchanger The main pipe and the second solenoid valve and the second refrigerant liquid main pipe, the first one-way valve, the liquid storage tank, the dryer filter, the h-end and the g-end of the economizer, the first expansion valve, the second one-way valve, and the multiple chamber
  • the j-end and k-end of the unit, the d-end and c-end of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the air return port of the compressor are sequentially connected to form a second refrigeration operation channel.
  • the steam main pipe, the first solenoid valve, the end b and the end c of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the air return port of the compressor are sequentially connected to form a first heating operation channel.
  • the steam main pipe, the second solenoid valve, the end b and the end c of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the air return port of the compressor are sequentially connected to form a second heating operation channel.
  • the outlet of the filter drier, the second expansion valve, the e-end and the f-end of the economizer, the third solenoid valve, and the compressor The enthalpy-increasing ports are connected in sequence to form an auxiliary enthalpy-increasing loop; the internal passage between the e-end and the f-end in the economizer exchanges heat with the internal passage between the h-end and the g-end.
  • the unit further includes a casing, the top of the casing is provided with a vent; the vent is provided with a fan; below the fan, the evaporative cold heat exchanger and the cooling Packing layer; the air-cooled heat exchanger is arranged on the outside of the evaporative cold heat exchanger; the water tank is arranged under the evaporative cold heat exchanger and the air-cooled heat exchanger, and the casing lies in the air-cooled heat exchanger
  • a ventilation grille is also provided on the corresponding side wall; a water barrier is also provided between the fan and the evaporative cold heat exchanger; an equipment room is also provided in the casing under the water tank; the refrigerant running master The components are installed in the equipment room, and an electric control box is also arranged in the equipment room for controlling the fan, the water pump, the compressor, the four-way valve, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve.
  • the unit does not include a multi-connected indoor unit, and the unit is connected to an indoor heat exchanger;
  • the indoor heat exchanger includes an outdoor heat exchange part and an indoor heat exchange part;
  • the outdoor heat exchange part is connected to The indoor-side heat exchange part is communicated with the refrigerant passage;
  • the outdoor-side heat exchange part also includes a refrigerant heat exchange passage that exchanges heat with the refrigerant passage;
  • the refrigerant heat exchange passage has an m end and an n end, and the m end and The n end replaces the j end and the k end of the multi-connected indoor unit to connect with the refrigerant running assembly;
  • the outdoor side heat exchange part is arranged in the equipment room in the unit.
  • the inventor of the present application found that the cooling tower in the existing water-cooled chiller generally needs to be separated from the refrigerating host, which causes the cooling cycle pipe network to be too long, which leads to an increase in construction volume and construction cost. Due to the large height difference between the refrigeration host and the cooling tower, the head of the cooling circulation pump increases under the condition of a fixed flow, the power of the cooling circulation pump increases, and the energy consumption increases accordingly.
  • the existing water-cooled chillers mostly use shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Due to the short shell path, fast flow rate is required. This results in a large pressure difference between the fluid inlet and outlet, which greatly increases the fluid resistance in the shell and makes the cooling circulating pump power. Increase and energy consumption increase.
  • the wall-type heat exchange between the refrigerant and the cooling medium (water) is carried out in a closed shell and tube, and the cooling water absorbs the heat of condensation of the refrigerant in the form of sensible heat, and the heat exchange efficiency is not high.
  • the cooling water flows through the water distributor in the downward spraying process with the countercurrent air, which will cause serious water flying phenomenon.
  • the refrigeration host adopts high-power screw or centrifugal compressors, which will produce mechanical friction and vibration when the unit is running, resulting in serious noise pollution.
  • the self-spraying water curtain type evaporative cold heat exchanger of the present invention has high heat exchange efficiency, water saving and easy maintenance;
  • the heat pump module unit of the present invention adopts the design of air-cooled heat exchanger and evaporative cold heat exchanger in parallel, not only It can be cooled by air and water, and can also be heated by air and industrial waste heat and waste water; a single unit is small in size, which is convenient for transportation and installation.
  • the parallel modular installation of multiple units can replace the traditional large-scale water-cooled chillers and improve the overall air-conditioning system.
  • the unit can be directly installed on the roof of the building without a special machine room, which reduces the amount of installation engineering and reduces the difficulty of construction; the overall noise generated by the unit can be controlled below 65 decibels (dB), without the need for the unit Additional noise reduction processing reduces the cost of use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat exchange unit on the uppermost side of the heat exchange plate of the self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold heat exchanger shown in the first embodiment;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two adjacent heat exchange units of the heat exchange plate of the self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold heat exchanger shown in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heat exchange plate of the self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold heat exchanger shown in the first embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold heat exchanger shown in the first embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold and heat pump module unit shown in the second embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the refrigerant operation assembly of the self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold and heat pump module unit shown in the second embodiment
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold and heat pump module unit shown in the third embodiment
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the refrigerant operation assembly of the self-sprinkling water curtain evaporative cold and heat pump module unit shown in the third embodiment.
  • this embodiment provides a self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold heat exchanger, which includes a plurality of heat exchange plates; Arranged at intervals in the direction; each heat exchange plate includes at least one heat exchange unit (Figure 3 shows the case of 2 heat exchange units); the heat exchange unit is composed of a plurality of horizontal sections 205 of condenser tubes arranged vertically in a plate shape Structure, the two ends of the horizontal section 205 of a plurality of condenser tubes are connected by the bending section 213 of the condenser tube to form at least one refrigerant condensing channel.
  • the two adjacent horizontal sections 205 of the condenser tube are seamlessly connected, so that the evaporative heat exchange surface has continuity and is concave and convex;
  • the uppermost horizontal section 205 of the condenser tube is also provided with cooling Pipe 203; between the cooling pipe 203 and the uppermost horizontal section of the condenser tube 205 is also provided with a water distribution tank 201; both sides of the water distribution tank 201 are provided with a water distribution microporous plate 202; the water distribution microporous plate
  • the upper end of 202 is connected with the pipe wall of the cooling pipe 203, and the lower end is connected with the pipe wall of the uppermost condensing pipe horizontal section 205, so that the water distribution tank 201 is fixed in-line between the cooling pipe 203 and the heat exchange unit to form an integrated structure
  • the cooling pipe 203 is provided with multiple rows of water outlet holes 204 communicating with the water distribution tank 201 for evenly injecting water into the water distribution tank 201; the water distribution tank 201 is used to pass the
  • the anti-flying water net 214 is laid on the surface of the evaporative heat exchange plate and connected to each horizontal section 205 of the condenser tube. 2142 is connected to the pipe wall of the lowermost horizontal section 205 of the condenser tube, so that the water distribution microporous plate 202 and the anti-flying water net 214 form a complete surface.
  • the cooling pipe and the adjacent condenser pipe with a certain distance set and the water distribution microporous plate vertically tangent to the outer walls of the adjacent two pipes form a cloth sink.
  • the cooling water is delivered to the cooling pipe, because the cooling pipe is distributed with multiple rows of water outlet holes, the cooling water is evenly sprayed in the entire water distribution tank.
  • the air pressure in the water distribution tank is equal to the outside atmospheric pressure, and the cooling water maintains a pressure equalization state under the dual effects of gravity and atmospheric pressure; the cooling water can be evenly distributed on the surface of the evaporation heat exchange plate through the water distribution microporous plate under its own gravity flow , Forming a thin water curtain (water curtain) from top to bottom. Due to the surface tension of the water, the cooling water has no gaps, is continuous, and directly adheres to the entire surface of the evaporation heat exchange plate. The water film is fully extended, thin and uniform, thereby improving the evaporation efficiency; and there is no free water, which can be maximized. Limit the phenomenon of flying water and floating water.
  • the processing method of the water distribution tank is: directly weld the water distribution microporous plate between the arranged cooling outer tube and the condenser tube, and The two ends of the water distribution tank in the length direction are sealed with a sealing plate to form an integrated structure.
  • the water distribution microporous plate has a certain resistance to the flowing water, which can make the water form a certain water level in the water distribution tank.
  • the water distribution microporous plate can also be used for Screen mesh and nano-scale mesh, as long as the water distribution tank maintains a certain water level; the material of the water distribution microporous plate can be copper, aluminum, stainless steel, alloy, or other metal materials that are convenient for making mesh or opening holes; Control the water inlet of the cooling pipe to control the water level in the water distribution tank. Under the premise of ensuring sufficient water spray at the bottom of the heat exchange unit, the cooling water supply is minimized and no surplus is generated, so as to achieve the purpose of precise water distribution.
  • the anti-flying water net is a millimeter-level metal mesh structure, and is welded and fixed with the horizontal section of the condensing tube in the contacting heat exchange plate surface.
  • the water-distributing microporous plate forms a plane; the anti-flying water net is made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity, and is welded and fastened to the condenser tube as a whole.
  • the heat of the refrigerant in the tube When the heat of the refrigerant in the tube is transferred to the anti-flying water net, it forms an auxiliary
  • the evaporation surface is conducive to the heat dissipation and evaporation of the cooling water; due to the tension of the water film on the surface of the anti-flying water net, it can prevent the cooling water from being carried away by the air flowing in the reverse direction, and further avoid the cooling caused by "floating water” and "flying water” Water waste;
  • the mesh structure of the anti-flying water nets arranged in a matrix can make the water distribution on the heat exchange plate more uniform, and can extend the cooling water retention time, increase the heat exchange rate, and improve the heat exchange efficiency;
  • the anti-flying water nets are crisscrossed
  • the net structure strengthens the disturbance of the cooling water, improves the microcirculation of the cooling water, and further improves the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the heat exchange unit is formed by folding one or more circular condenser tubes according to the Z-shaped equal length "zero spacing" (form one or more Refrigerant condensing channel); the top and middle parts of the heat exchange fins are arranged with cooling water pipes with the same pipe diameter as the condenser pipe; the cooling pipe and the condenser pipe are kept at a small distance (not higher than the cooling and condensing pipe diameter), and brazed through the bracket fixed.
  • the entire condensing coil and the cooling tube are in the same plane.
  • the adjacent upper and lower condensing tubes and cooling tubes are seamlessly connected by brazing; the advantages of round tubes with larger heat exchange area, higher heat transfer coefficient, strong pressure resistance, and mature products are used as the basic material.
  • the condenser tube is folded into a layered flat structure, and the outer wall of the condenser tube constitutes a complete and continuous evaporation surface; avoiding the large space occupied by the heat exchange unit of the row (column) tube and the coil heat exchanger.
  • the M-shaped concave-convex surface structure (concave and convex arc-shaped) formed by the outer wall of the condenser tube increases the heat exchange area and avoids the serious fouling caused by increasing the heat exchange area and increasing the fins of the tube and fin condenser.
  • the double M-shaped concave-convex surface can extend the discharge time of the cooling water on the plate surface.
  • the flow rate and flow direction of the cooling water between the concave and convex surfaces change continuously.
  • the appearance of turbulence creates a disturbance effect on the cooling water film.
  • the inner cavity of the condenser has the characteristics of strong pressure resistance, high heat transfer coefficient, corrosion resistance, simple process and low cost.
  • the condensing tube is arranged in a plate-like structure, and the structure is compact.
  • the heat exchange area contained in the same volume is arranged in the coil type heat exchanger.
  • the water curtain-type water distribution design is adopted to distribute the water more uniformly and improve the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the design of the uneven surface of the evaporative heat exchange surface further increases the heat exchange efficiency, which makes the same heat exchange rate
  • the volume of the evaporative cold heat exchanger in the unit is smaller, which correspondingly greatly reduces the overall volume of the unit to achieve the purpose of miniaturization.
  • a plurality of heat exchange plates are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the evaporative heat exchange surface, and sufficient gaps are maintained between the heat exchange plates to facilitate air
  • the circulation channel is convenient for cleaning and maintenance.
  • the heat exchange plate includes a plurality of the heat exchange units; the plurality of heat exchange units are arranged vertically, and two adjacent heat exchange units are arranged vertically.
  • the units are connected by the condensing pipe bending section 213, so that the respective refrigerant condensing passages are correspondingly connected; the top of the cooling pipe 203 in the heat exchange unit located on the lower side of the two adjacent heat exchange units and the heat exchange unit located on the upper side
  • the bottom of the horizontal section 205 of the lowermost condensing pipe is connected; the bottom end of the anti-flying water net 214 of each heat exchange unit is replaced with the pipe wall of the cooling pipe 203 of the adjacent heat exchange unit on the lower side (
  • the connection method when multiple heat exchange units are used) the segmented design of multiple heat exchange units is adopted, and each heat exchange plate is divided into multiple independent evaporative cooling heat exchange units by the water distribution tank, and each heat exchange unit only needs Ensure the minimum amount
  • the segmented design of this embodiment can solve the disadvantages of the traditional straight (flat) plate condenser, and also avoid the heat exchange of the arranged tube and the coil condenser.
  • the uneven water spraying of the unit causes the shortcoming of low effective evaporation area.
  • the segmented spray unit design not only maintains the integrity of the water film on the entire layout, but also ensures that each heat exchange unit has the least water spray and the thinnest water film.
  • connection method of the plate 202 can also be replaced as follows: a water distributing groove 201 is arranged above the cooling pipe 203, a water distributing microporous plate 202 is disposed on both sides of the water distributing groove 201, and the lower end of the water distributing microporous plate 202 is connected to the cooling pipe 203.
  • the upper end of the tube wall is connected to the tube wall of the lowermost condenser tube horizontal section 205 of the upper heat exchange unit; the bottom of the cooling tube 203 is connected to the uppermost condenser tube horizontal section 205 of the heat exchange unit to which it belongs
  • the top 2141 of the anti-flying water net 214 is replaced with the pipe wall connection of the cooling pipe of the heat exchange unit, and the bottom 2142 is replaced with the heat exchange unit.
  • the pipe wall connection of the horizontal section of the condenser tube on the lower side; this connection method can be selected and used according to actual needs.
  • the number of condenser tube horizontal sections 205 in the heat exchange unit on the lower side is smaller than that on the upper side.
  • the number of condenser tube levels 205 in the heat exchange unit is used to reduce the heat exchange area of the evaporative heat exchange surfaces of multiple heat exchange units from top to bottom; the water outlet hole of the cooling pipe 203 in the heat exchange unit on the lower side
  • the number of 204 is smaller than the number of water outlet holes 204 of the cooling pipe 203 located on the upper side (the distance between the water outlet holes along the length of the cooling pipe is increased), which is used to meet the water distribution requirements of the evaporative heat exchange surface corresponding to the heat exchange area;
  • the temperature is lowered layer by layer from top to bottom.
  • the upper side is a high-temperature zone with a large amount of evaporation.
  • the area of the evaporation heat exchange surface on the upper side is also set to be correspondingly larger and provides sufficient water distribution; while the lower side is low temperature. Zone, the evaporation volume is relatively reduced, it is necessary to reduce the area of the evaporation heat exchange surface and reduce the amount of water distribution; this declining design method can make full use of the advantages of the segmented design to ensure the water distribution to the corresponding heat exchange unit It is sufficient to ensure that the water distribution of the heat exchange unit is minimized, to prevent the unvaporized cooling water of the heat exchange unit on the upper side from accumulating on the heat exchange unit on the lower side; to ensure that the water film of each heat exchange unit is uniform and thin, and Save more water.
  • this embodiment provides a self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold and heat pump module unit, which uses the self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 as described in the first embodiment.
  • the top end of the refrigerant condensation channel of each heat exchange plate in the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 is provided with a refrigerant vapor inlet and the bottom end is provided with a refrigerant liquid outlet; one end of the cooling tube of the heat exchange plate is provided with a cooling water inlet;
  • the refrigerant vapor inlet of the hot plate is connected to the refrigerant vapor collection pipe 207, the refrigerant liquid outlets of the multiple heat exchange plates are connected to the refrigerant liquid collection pipe 209, and the cooling water inlets of the cooling pipes 203 of the multiple heat exchange plates are connected to the cooling collection pipe 211.
  • the refrigerant vapor collection pipe 207 is also connected to a first refrigerant vapor main pipe 208, the refrigerant liquid collection pipe 209 is also connected to a first refrigerant liquid main pipe 210, and the cooling collection pipe 211 is also connected to a cooling main pipe 212 ( The pipeline is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4).
  • the self-spraying water curtain evaporative cold heat pump module unit of this embodiment further includes an air-cooled heat exchanger 3 and a refrigerant running assembly 6; the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2, the air-cooled heat exchanger 3 are connected in parallel Then it is connected with the refrigerant running assembly 6; the refrigerant running assembly 6 is used for running the refrigerant to exchange heat in the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 or the air-cooled heat exchanger 3; the air-cooled heat exchanger 3 is connected with the second refrigerant
  • the steam main pipe 301 and the second refrigerant liquid main pipe 302; the first refrigerant steam main pipe 208 is connected in parallel with the second refrigerant steam main pipe 301 and then connected to the refrigerant running assembly 6, the first refrigerant liquid main pipe 210 and the second refrigerant liquid main pipe 302 is connected in parallel with the refrigerant running assembly 6; the first refrigerant steam main pipe 208 is provided with a first solenoid valve
  • an air-cooled heat exchanger is installed in parallel with the evaporative cold heat exchanger to realize water cooling (evaporative cold).
  • the heat pump heating function of the water-cooled chiller has changed the current situation of the traditional water-cooled chiller only cooling but not heating, and expanded the use of the water-cooled chiller.
  • the unit further includes a water tank 5; a water pump 501 is disposed in the water tank 5; the water outlet of the water pump 501 is in communication with the cooling main pipe 212 , Used to send the cooling water in the water tank 5 into the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 through the cooling main pipe 212; the water tank 5 is also provided with a water replenishment port 502; the bottom of the water tank 5 is also connected with a sewage pipe 503; The sewage pipe 503 is provided with a sewage solenoid valve 504; a cooling packing layer 4 is also provided between the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 and the water tank 5, which is used to treat the unevaporated water dripping from the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 After cooling, it is discharged into the water tank 5.
  • the refrigerant operation assembly 6 includes a compressor 601, a four-way valve 602, a first solenoid valve 603, a second solenoid valve 604, and a first solenoid valve 604.
  • the e terminal and f terminal are connected inside the economizer 608, and the g terminal and h terminal are connected
  • the economizer 608 is internally connected;
  • the multi-unit indoor unit 12 has a j end and a k end, and the j end and the k end are two ports of the refrigerant channel of the multi-unit indoor unit;
  • the one-way valve 610, the j end and k end of the multi-unit indoor unit 12, the d end and c end of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator 611, and the air return port 6012 of the compressor 601 communicate to form a first refrigeration operation channel;
  • the direction valve 610, the j end and k end of the multi-unit indoor unit 12, the d end and c end of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator 611, and the air return port of the compressor 601 are sequentially connected to form a second cooling operation channel;
  • the main pipe 210 and the first refrigerant steam main pipe 208 and the first solenoid valve 603, the b-end and c-end of the four-way valve 602, the gas-liquid separator 611, and the air return port of the compressor 601 are sequentially connected to form a first heating operation channel;
  • the main pipe 302 and the second refrigerant steam main pipe 301, the second solenoid valve 604, the b and c ends of the four-way valve 602, the gas-liquid separator 611, and the air return port of the compressor 601 are connected in sequence to form a second heating operation channel;
  • the outlet of the filter drier 607, the second expansion valve 613, the e-end and f-end of the economizer, the third solenoid valve 612, and the compressor 601 The enthalpy ports 6013 are sequentially connected to form an auxiliary enthalpy increasing loop; the internal passage between the e end and the f end in the economizer exchanges heat with the internal passage between the h end and the g end in the economizer.
  • the unit further includes a casing 1, and a vent 11 is provided on the top of the casing 1; and a fan is provided in the vent 11 7;
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 and the cooling filler layer 4 are sequentially arranged below the fan 7; the air-cooled heat exchanger 3 is arranged outside the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2; the water tank 5 is arranged Below the evaporative cold heat exchanger 2 and the air-cooled heat exchanger 3, the casing 1 is also provided with a ventilation grill 9 on the side wall corresponding to the air-cooled heat exchanger 3; the fan 7 interacts with the evaporative cold
  • a water barrier 8 is also provided between the heaters 2; an equipment room is also provided in the casing 1 below the water tank 5; the refrigerant running assembly 6 is installed in the equipment room, and the equipment room is also provided with electricity
  • the control box 10 is used to control the fan 7, the water pump 501, the compressor 601, the
  • the evaporative cold heat exchanger adopted by the integrated, water curtain design increases the evaporation of cooling water and reduces the circulation of cooling water, so that The power consumption of the cooling circulation pump is further reduced.
  • the segmented design and the step-unit water distribution method make the water distribution more refined. Only a small flow of cooling water circulation can meet the cooling function; the built-in hidden water distribution tank realizes the water curtain type Water distribution and anti-flying water nets can minimize the existence of free water without generating fly water; the cooling water circulation is reduced, which reduces the air volume and wind speed of the fan, and also helps to avoid "flying water” and "floating water”. It saves water, reduces the volume of cooling water circulation and reduces the volume of the cooling water tank, so that the volume of the unit is reduced; the heat exchange efficiency of the unit is higher, the body is smaller, and the miniaturization of the unit is realized.
  • the screw or centrifugal compressor is changed to a scroll compressor or a low-power screw compressor, and the entire refrigerant circulation system of the unit is built into the unit.
  • the matching cooling tower an integrated unit with highly integrated heat exchange system and cooling system is formed, which realizes the miniaturization and modularization of the unit (power consumption 5KW-40KW); after modularization, the single unit covers an area of 2-3 square meters, The weight is reduced to about 0.5T, which is convenient for installation and transportation of the unit.
  • the integrated unit eliminates the need for cooling pipe network laying in the traditional water chiller project, reduces the amount of construction and reduces the difficulty of construction; built-in cooling water circulation The head of the system is close to "0", and the power of the cooling circulating pump is lower; the open heat exchange method is adopted, and the water's own gravity flow is used to exchange heat with the refrigerant to further reduce the power of the circulating pump; and the built-in water curtain type water distribution has no Noise, due to the high-efficiency heat exchange efficiency, the compressor adopts a small compressor to reduce the intensity of the noise source, the cooling water circulation is reduced and the fan power is reduced, and the power of the cooling circulation pump is also effectively reduced, further reducing the noise generated; overall reduction Improve the degree of noise pollution; the noise of the unit can be controlled below 65 decibels, which fully meets the national standard, thereby solving the problem of noise pollution.
  • the heat pump technology is integrated, the evaporative cold heat exchanger is equipped with an air-cooled heat exchanger, and the refrigerant cycle and other components are shared to make the unit realize
  • the heating function of the air-cooled heat pump achieves the purpose of one machine and two purposes.
  • the compressor can be a scroll compressor or a low-power screw compressor, and the weight of a single unit is reduced to less than 0.5 tons, which realizes the miniaturization and type of the unit.
  • Modularization can facilitate the installation and transportation of the unit; the small modular unit can be installed on the roof of the building without a special machine room, thereby saving indoor space; multiple small modular units operate at the same time as backup for each other. Unit repairs and maintenance do not affect the overall operation and use, and improve the operational stability of the entire air-conditioning system.
  • the working principle of the evaporative cold heat exchanger with other components is as follows: the cooling water enters the cooling collection pipe through the cooling header, and is evenly distributed to each heat exchange In the cooling pipe of the unit; the high-temperature refrigerant steam enters the refrigerant steam collecting pipe through the refrigerant steam header, and the refrigerant steam is evenly distributed to the heat exchange unit of each heat exchange plate through the refrigerant steam collecting pipe; when the cooling water is delivered to the cooling pipe, due to cooling The pipes are distributed with multiple rows of water outlet holes, so the cooling water is evenly sprayed in the entire water distribution tank; the air pressure in the water distribution tank is equal to the external atmospheric pressure, and the cooling water maintains a uniform pressure state under the dual effects of gravity and atmospheric pressure; The cooling water can be evenly distributed on the surface of the evaporative heat exchange plate through the water distribution microporous plate under its own gravity flow, and cooperate with the anti-flying
  • the saturated steam formed by evaporation is discharged into the atmosphere under the action of the fan; the unevaporated cooling water Due to the convective heat exchange with the refrigerant vapor in the condenser tube, the temperature rises, and it drops along the two sides of the heat exchange surface through the bottom end of the heat exchange surface in the state of gravity flow into the cooling filler set at the lower part of the evaporative condenser.
  • the evaporative condenser at this time acts as the water distribution function in the cooling and condensation process of the cooling water.
  • the cooling water dripping along the bottom of the entire evaporative condenser evenly drops to the top of the cooling filler below it. When the cooling water flows down, it will cool the filler.
  • a very thin water film is formed on the surface again. Also under the action of the fan, the cooling water film on the surface of the filler exchanges heat with the ambient air passing over the surface of the filler.
  • the cooled cooling water drops uniformly on the surface of the entire cooling water tank along the horizontal lower surface of the entire cooling filler. Under the action of the water pump, the lower temperature cooling water moves downwards, and then passes through the cooling main pipe and the cooling collecting pipe. Enter the cooling tube of each heat exchange unit to enter the next cooling cycle.
  • the self-spraying water curtain type evaporative cold and heat pump module unit of this embodiment includes the refrigeration mode of the evaporative cold heat exchanger, the refrigeration mode of the air-cooled heat exchanger, the defrost mode of the air-cooled heat exchanger, and the air-cooled
  • the heating mode of the heat exchanger, the heating mode of the evaporative cold heat exchanger, the specific mode process is as follows:
  • the water supply port of the water tank is switched to the cooling water port.
  • Refrigerant flow the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the first solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve's end a is connected to the b end, and the c end is connected to the d end; the compressor is energized, and the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant vapor is discharged from the compressor
  • the air outlet sprays out enters through end a and exits at end b of the four-way valve, and enters each heat exchange unit of the evaporative cold heat exchanger through the first solenoid valve through the first refrigerant steam main pipe, the refrigerant vapor and the evaporative cold heat exchanger
  • the water curtain heat exchange and cooling, the refrigerant vapor is cooled and liquefied to cool down, the cooling water and the refrigerant vapor in the evaporative cold heat exchanger heat up and vaporize and evaporate.
  • Part of the cooling water changes from liquid to gas, and is discharged through the fan in the form of latent heat of vaporization of water.
  • the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant continues to pass through the filter dryer and then After entering the h port and g port of the economizer, the pressure and temperature of the reduced pressure refrigerant are reduced by the first expansion valve; the throttled low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the second check valve from the j End-in and k-out, and exchange heat with the indoor air in the refrigerant channel in the multi-unit indoor unit.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and vaporizes and evaporates into refrigerant vapor.
  • the refrigerant vapor enters and exits through the d-end and c-end of the four-way valve. After passing through the gas-liquid separator, it enters the compressor's return port for compression to complete a refrigerant cycle process.
  • the water pump has priority to the compressor to start, and the fan starts after the set time interval; the cooling water of lower temperature in the water tank is delivered to each heat exchange of the evaporative cold heat exchanger through the cooling main pipe and the cooling collecting pipe under the action of the water pump Cooling pipe of the unit. After the cooling water passes through the water distribution grooves of each heat exchange unit, it is evenly distributed on the surface of each heat exchange plate to form a layer of water film. Since the surface temperature of each heat exchange plate is about 90°C, the cooling water heats up quickly and vaporizes and evaporates directly. Take away a large amount of heat from the refrigerant. The unvaporized cooling water exchanges heat with the heat exchange plates and then drops to the upper part of the cooling filler layer.
  • the cooling water flows along the surface of the cooling filler layer from top to bottom under the action of gravity. A thin water film is formed. Because the temperature of the cooling water is higher than the ambient temperature, the water vapor on the surface of the water film is in a supersaturated state to form atomization.
  • the atomized water vapor is discharged under the action of a fan, with latent heat
  • the method is transferred to the atmosphere; the unvaporized higher temperature cooling water exchanges heat with the cooling filler layer by convection and radiates heat with the air; as the cooling water sinks along the cooling filler layer, the temperature gradually decreases, and finally all the heat passes through
  • the fan is discharged into the atmosphere; the lower temperature cooling water after cooling drops uniformly along the bottom surface of the cooling filler layer to the upper surface of the cooling water tank, completing a water circulation process.
  • Refrigerant flow the first solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the second solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve's end a and b are connected, and c and d are connected; the compressor is energized and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor is compressed
  • the air outlet of the machine sprays out enters through the four-way valve at the end a, and exits at the end b, and enters the air-cooled heat exchanger through the second solenoid valve through the second refrigerant steam main pipe.
  • the circulating air on the surface of the heater exchanges heat, the refrigerant vapor is cooled and liquefied to cool down.
  • the hot air is discharged into the outdoor atmosphere through a fan;
  • the condensed low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the second refrigerant liquid main pipe, and then passes through the first one-way
  • the valve enters the liquid storage tank the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant continues to pass through the filter drier, and then enters through the h-end and g-end of the economizer, and then throttles and reduces the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant through the first expansion valve; after throttling
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters and exits from the j-end and k-end of the multi-unit indoor unit through the second one-way valve, and exchanges heat with the indoor air in the ref
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates as Refrigerant vapor, the refrigerant vapor enters through the d-end and c-end of the four-way valve, enters the return port of the compressor through the gas-liquid separator, and is compressed to complete a refrigerant cycle process.
  • the water pump is turned off, the fan has priority to the compressor to start, and the evaporative cold heat exchanger is in standby mode; due to the action of the fan, the unit is under negative pressure, and ambient air enters the unit through the ventilation grille and exchanges with the air-cooled heat exchanger.
  • the heat and refrigerant are cooled and liquefied to cool down, and the air is heated to take away the heat of the refrigerant and is discharged through the discharge port and transferred to the atmosphere.
  • Refrigerant flow the first solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the second solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve's end a and b are connected, and c and d are connected; the compressor is energized and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor is compressed
  • the air outlet of the machine sprays out enters through the four-way valve at the end a, and exits at the end b, and then enters the air-cooled heat exchanger through the second solenoid valve through the second refrigerant steam main pipe.
  • the refrigerant vapor and the ice on the surface of the air-cooled heat exchanger (Frost) heat exchange the refrigerant vapor is cooled and liquefied to cool down.
  • the ice (frost) exchanges heat with the refrigerant vapor in the air-cooled heat exchanger. After the temperature rises, part of the steam becomes steam through the natural flow of air and diffuses into the outdoor atmosphere, and most of the ice melts into water Return to the cooling water tank.
  • the condensed low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the second refrigerant liquid main pipe, and then enters the liquid storage tank through the first one-way valve.
  • the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant continues to pass through the filter drier, and then enters the h and g ends of the economizer. After exiting, the pressure and temperature of the reduced pressure refrigerant are reduced by the first expansion valve; the throttled low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the multi-unit indoor unit through the second one-way valve and exits the multi-unit indoor unit.
  • the refrigerant channel in the unit exchanges heat with the indoor air.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates into refrigerant vapor.
  • the refrigerant vapor enters through the d-end and c-end of the four-way valve, and enters the compressor through the gas-liquid separator.
  • Compression is performed after the air return port to complete a refrigerant cycle; when the ambient temperature is low, the third solenoid valve is opened, and a part of the low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid flowing through the filter drier passes through the second expansion valve and then enters the e-end of the economizer.
  • F port out, this part of the refrigerant liquid and the refrigerant liquid in the h port and g port out of the economizer undergo heat absorption and temperature rise to vaporize, and the refrigerant vapor returns to the enthalpy increase port of the compressor after passing through the third solenoid valve.
  • the water pump is turned off, the fan is turned off, and the evaporative cold heat exchanger is in standby.
  • Refrigerant flow the first solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the second solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve has end a and end d connected, and end b and end c communicate; the compressor is energized and the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant vapor passes through After the port a of the valve enters and the port d exits, it enters from the k port and the j port of the multi-unit indoor unit, and exchanges heat with the indoor air in the refrigerant channel in the multi-unit indoor unit.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant is condensed after heat exchange.
  • the medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant passes through the third check valve and then enters the liquid storage tank.
  • the medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant continues to pass through the filter drier and is divided into two paths: the first path passes through the h end of the economizer, g end out, the second way passes through the e-end and f end of the economizer after throttling and pressure reduction by the second expansion valve; the two-way refrigerant exchanges heat in the economizer; the first-way medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant is in the economy
  • the device is further condensed and cooled, and then throttled and reduced by the first expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant; the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the air-cooled heat exchanger through the fourth check valve and the second refrigerant liquid main pipe, and the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant It exchanges heat with
  • the liquid refrigerant heats up and vaporizes into refrigerant vapor, and then passes through the second refrigerant steam main pipe, the second solenoid valve, and enters through the b-end and c-end of the four-way valve. After passing through the gas-liquid separator, it is compressed into the return port of the compressor to complete a main cycle of refrigerant; the second medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant is throttled and pressure-reduced by the second expansion valve and then further heated and vaporized in the economizer , Forming medium temperature and low pressure steam; the medium temperature and low pressure steam passes through the third solenoid valve and returns to the enthalpy increase port of the compressor to complete an auxiliary enthalpy increase cycle.
  • the water pump is turned off, the fan has priority to the compressor to start, and the evaporative cold heat exchanger is in standby mode; due to the action of the fan, the unit is under negative pressure, and ambient air enters the unit through the ventilation grille and exchanges with the air-cooled heat exchanger.
  • the heat and refrigerant liquid is vaporized and heated, the air releases heat to cool down, and is discharged through the discharge port to be transferred to the atmosphere, realizing the heating function of the air-cooled heat exchanger heat pump.
  • the water supply port of the water tank is switched to the industrial waste heat and wastewater interface.
  • Refrigerant flow the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, and the first solenoid valve is opened.
  • the four-way valve's end a is connected to end d, and end b is connected to end c;
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant is condensed after heat exchange.
  • the medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant passes through the third check valve and then enters the liquid storage tank.
  • the medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant continues to pass through the filter drier and is divided into two paths: the first path passes through the h end of the economizer, g end out, the second way passes through the e-end and f end of the economizer after throttling and pressure reduction by the second expansion valve; the two-way refrigerant exchanges heat in the economizer; the first-way medium temperature and medium pressure liquid refrigerant is in the economy
  • the device is further condensed and cooled, and then throttled and reduced by the first expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant; the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporative cold heat exchanger through the fourth check valve and the first refrigerant liquid main pipe, and the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant After heat exchange with the industrial waste heat and wastewater flowing through the surface of the heat exchanger, the liquid refrigerant is heated and vaporized to become refrigerant
  • the gas-liquid separator enters the return port of the compressor and then is compressed to complete a main cycle of the refrigerant; the second medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant is throttled and pressure-reduced by the second expansion valve and then further in the economizer.
  • the temperature is increased and vaporized to form medium temperature and low pressure steam; the medium temperature and low pressure steam passes through the third solenoid valve and returns to the enthalpy increase port of the compressor to complete an auxiliary enthalpy increase cycle.
  • the fan is turned off and the water pump has priority to start the compressor; the industrial waste heat and wastewater are evenly distributed on the surface of each heat exchange plate, the liquid refrigerant is vaporized and heated, the hot water releases heat to cool down, and is discharged through the sewage pipe through the sewage solenoid valve to realize the water source -Style heating function.
  • the unit does not include the multi-connected indoor unit 12, and the unit is connected to the indoor heat exchanger (water machine);
  • the indoor heat exchanger It includes an outdoor heat exchange part 13 and an indoor heat exchange part;
  • the outdoor heat exchange part 13 communicates with the indoor heat exchange part through a refrigerant (cooling water) channel;
  • the outdoor heat exchange part 13 also includes a carrier The refrigerant (cooling water) channel heat exchange refrigerant heat exchange channel;
  • the refrigerant heat exchange channel has m-end and n-end, the m-end and n-end respectively replace the j-end and k-end of the multi-unit indoor unit 12 and the refrigerant running total Into 6 connections;
  • the outdoor side heat exchange part 13 is arranged in the equipment room in the unit.
  • the refrigerant in the refrigerant running assembly enters the refrigerant heat exchange channel of the outdoor heat exchange section and the refrigerant carrier in the refrigerant carrier channel
  • the refrigerant (cooling water) exchanges heat
  • the refrigerant (cooling water) is transported to the indoor heat exchange section to exchange heat with the indoor air.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器及热泵模块机组。所述蒸发冷换热器，包括多个换热板；换热板包括换热单元；换热单元成板状结构并具有连续性且呈凹凸起伏状；换热单元包括冷却管、布水槽；布水槽两侧设有布水微孔板；布水微孔板与冷却管和冷凝管的管壁连接。热泵模块机组，包括所述自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器。本发明的自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器及热泵模块机组，换热效率高，节水，便于维护；不仅可制冷，还可制热；体积小，稳定性高；噪声低，使用成本低。

Description

一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器及热泵模块机组
本申请要求于2020年5月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN202010401526.6、发明名称为“一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器及热泵模块机组”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及热泵机组技术领域，特别是涉及一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器及热泵模块机组。
背景技术
由于水冷冷水机组较风冷冷水机组具有显著的节能效果，因此在制冷空调领域作为首选具有较高的市场占有率。但水冷冷水机组一般都采用螺杆压缩机或离心压缩机，单台机组制冷能力少则数百千瓦多则数千千瓦，因此机组功率高、体型大，不便于运输、安装、维护，且最大的缺陷就是不能实现制热功能。
虽然水冷冷水机组较风冷冷水机组有一定的优势，但其仍然存在如下缺陷：
1、水冷冷水机组需要特定机房，主机安装占地面积少则数百平米多则千平造成对建筑主体有效利用面积的浪费。在土地资源吃紧，房地产调控越来越严格的今天，减少土地所使用面积、提高建筑物利用率具有重要意义；在工程实践中，有些新建、改建的建筑物由于各种原因所致室内空间限制无法在室内安装制冷主机，然而采用风冷式水冷机组的替代方案会造成空调运行费用大大提高。
2、水冷冷水机组中冷却循环管网过长导致施工量、施工成本增加。水冷冷水机组的机房一般设置在建筑主体地下部分，而冷却塔设置在建筑主体楼顶屋面。机房内制冷主机与冷却塔之间少则几十米多则数百米，大管径的冷却供回水网施工难度大、施工专业度要求强，使空调工程整体造价较高。
3、水冷冷水机组中的冷却循环泵功耗高。在固定流量的情况下冷却循环泵的扬程大，冷却循环泵功率高，能耗相应增高。另外现有水冷冷水机组多采用壳管式换热器，由于壳程短，所以要求流速快，这就造成流体进出口压差大，大大的增加了壳体中流体阻力，使冷却循环泵功率增大、能耗增加。
4、水冷冷水机组中一般采用大功率螺杆压缩机(单机消耗功率100KW以上)或离心压缩机(单机消耗功率200KW-1000KW以上)，机组重量少则一两吨重则数吨，导致水冷冷水机组运输难、安装难度高。
5、水冷冷水机组的稳定性较差。由于大型水冷冷水机组单机价格高，为 提高运行稳定性而采用双机头压缩机，导致整个制冷运行中有安全隐患，当制冷主机故障时无机可用，影响使用。
6、水冷冷水机组不易维护，且维修价格高昂。
7、传统水冷冷水机组均采用壳管式换热器，这种冷媒与冷却介质(水)间壁式换热是在封闭的壳管内进行的，冷却水以显热形式吸收了冷媒冷凝热量，换热效率不高。
8、水冷冷水机组的冷却塔飞水严重，造成水资源浪费。冷却水在喷淋过程伴有严重飞水现象，漂移的水滴随风机排放到大气中，导致冷却水的无功浪费。
9、水冷冷水机组的噪声污染严重。机组运行时产生机械摩擦震动，室内制冷机房一般噪声污染严重。另外，室外冷却塔运行中风机及冷却喷淋也会产生噪声污染；而降低这些噪声污染需要额外增加了建设投资。
10、水冷冷水机组不具备制热功能。传统水冷冷水机组采用水为冷却介质为冷媒蒸汽降温，升温后的冷却水通过设置在室外的冷却塔将热量转移到环境空气中；其制冷传热过程为：冷媒→水→空气。当制热时其传热过程则相反：冷媒←水←空气。由于制热运行是在冬季进行，显然当冷却水低于“0℃”时冷却塔将无法实现热量的逆搬运。
基于上述缺点，如何研发一款体积小、重量轻、制冷效率高、节水、噪声低、便于运输、安装且能够实现制热功能的小型模块化的机组就成为当前本技术领域工作人员研发的重点。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器及热泵模块机组。所述蒸发冷换热器，其换热效率高，节水，便于维护。所述热泵模块机组不仅可制冷，还可制热；体积小，稳定性高；施工容易；噪声低，降低了使用成本。
本发明提供了一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器，包括多个换热板；多个换热板沿着与蒸发换热面垂直的方向间隔排列；每个换热板包括至少一个换热单元；所述换热单元为由多个冷凝管水平段竖向排列成板状结构，多个冷凝管水平段的两端通过冷凝管折弯段连接构成至少一条冷媒冷凝通道，板状结构的两面构成蒸发换热面，相邻的两个冷凝管水平段之间无缝隙连接，使蒸发换热面具有连续性且呈凹凸起伏状；最上侧的冷凝管水平段的上方还设置有冷却管；所述冷却管与最上侧的冷凝管水平段之间还设置有布水槽；所述布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板；所述布水微孔板的上端与冷却管的管壁连接、下端与最上侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接，使布水槽以内嵌的方式固定在冷却管与换热单元之间而构成一体结构；所述冷却管设置有多排的出水孔与布水槽连通，用于向布水槽均匀注水；所述布水槽用于将冷却管注入的 水通过布水微孔板均流分布于蒸发换热板面形成水幕；蒸发换热面的外侧还连接有防飞水网，防飞水网铺设在蒸发换热板面，并与每个冷凝管水平段连接，防飞水网的顶端与最上侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接、底端与最下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接，使布水微孔板和防飞水网构成完整板面。
又一实施例中，所述换热板包括多个所述的换热单元；多个换热单元竖向排列，相邻的两个换热单元通过冷凝管折弯段连接，使各自的冷媒冷凝通道对应连通。
又一实施例中，相邻的两个换热单元中位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部连接。
又一实施例中，每个换热单元的防飞水网的底端替换为与相邻的位于下侧的换热单元的冷却管的管壁连接。
又一实施例中，相邻的两个换热单元中，位于下侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段的数量小于位于上侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平的数量，用于使多个换热单元的蒸发换热面的换热面积自上至下递减；位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却管的出水孔的数量小于位于上侧的冷却管的出水孔的数量(出水孔沿冷却管长度方向的间距加大)，用于满足对应换热面积的蒸发换热面的布水需求。
又一实施例中，相邻的两个换热单元之间的冷却管、布水槽、布水微孔板的连接方式替换为：所述冷却管的上方设置有布水槽，布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板，布水微孔板的下端与冷却管的管壁连接、上端与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接；冷却管的底部与所属的换热单元中的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部连接；相应的，位于下侧的换热单元中，防飞水网的顶端替换为与所属换热单元的冷却管的管壁连接、底端替换为与所属换热单元最下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接。
本发明还提供一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，包括上述任一自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器，蒸发冷换热器中的每个换热板的冷媒冷凝通道的顶端设置有冷媒蒸汽入口、底端设置有冷媒液体出口；换热板的冷却管的一端设置有冷却水入口；多个换热板的冷媒蒸汽入口连接有冷媒蒸汽汇集管，多个换热板的冷媒液体出口连接有冷媒液体汇集管，多个换热板的冷却管的冷却水入口连接有冷却汇集管；所述冷媒蒸汽汇集管上还连接有第一冷媒蒸汽主管，所述冷媒液体汇集管上还连接有第一冷媒液体主管，所述冷却汇集管还连接有冷却主管。
又一实施例中，热泵模块机组还包括风冷换热器、冷媒运行总成；所述蒸发冷换热器、风冷换热器并联后与冷媒运行总成连接；所述冷媒运行总成用于运行冷媒在蒸发冷换热器或风冷换热器中换热；所风冷换热器连接有第 二冷媒蒸汽主管和第二冷媒液体主管；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管与第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联后与冷媒运行总成连接，所述第一冷媒液体主管与第二冷媒液体主管并联后与冷媒运行总成连接；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管上设置有第一电磁阀，第二冷媒蒸汽主管上设置有第二电磁阀。
又一实施例中，所述机组还包括设置水箱；所述水箱内设置有水泵；所述水泵的出水端与冷却主管连通，用于将水箱内的冷却水通过冷却主管送入蒸发冷换热器中。
又一实施例中，所述水箱还设置有补水口；所述水箱的底部还连接有排污管；所述排污管上设置有排污电磁阀。
又一实施例中，所述蒸发冷换热器与水箱之间还设置有冷却填料层，用于对从蒸发冷换热器上滴落的未蒸发的水进行冷却后排至水箱中。
又一实施例中，所述冷媒运行总成包括压缩机、四通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、气液分离器、第三电磁阀、第二膨胀阀、第三单向阀、第四单向阀；所述机组还包括有多联室内机组；所述压缩机具有出气口、回气口和增焓口；所述四通阀具有a端、b端、c端、d端；所述经济器具有e端、f端、g端、h端，e端与f端在经济器内部连通，g端与h端在经济器内部连通；多联室内机组具有j端和k端，j端和k端为多联室内机组的冷媒通道的两个端口。
又一实施例中，所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管/第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器的第一冷媒蒸汽主管及第一电磁阀与第一冷媒液体主管、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、多联室内机组的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口连通构成第一制冷运行通道。
又一实施例中，所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管/第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联的管路、风冷换热器的第二冷媒蒸汽主管及第二电磁阀与第二冷媒液体主管、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、多联室内机组的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第二制冷运行通道。
又一实施例中，所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与d端、多联室内机组的k端与j端、第三单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管/第二冷媒液体主管并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器的第一冷媒液体主管与第一冷媒蒸汽主管及第一电磁阀、 四通阀的b端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第一制热运行通道。
又一实施例中，所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与d端、多联室内机组的k端与j端、第三单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管/第二冷媒液体主管并联的管路、风冷换热器的第二冷媒液体主管与第二冷媒蒸汽主管及第二电磁阀、四通阀的b端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第二制热运行通道。
又一实施例中，所述第一制热运行通道和第二制热运行通道中，干燥过滤器的出口、第二膨胀阀、经济器的e端与f端、第三电磁阀、压缩机的增焓口依次连通构成辅助增焓回路；所述经济器内位于e端与f端之间的内部通道与位于h端与g端之间的内部通道进行换热。
又一实施例中，所述机组还包括机壳，所述机壳的顶部设置有通风口；所述通风口内设置有风机；所述风机的下方依次设置所述的蒸发冷换热器、冷却填料层；所述风冷换热器设置在蒸发冷换热器的外侧；所述水箱设置在蒸发冷换热器和风冷换热器的下方，所述机壳在于风冷换热器相对应的侧壁上还设置有通风格栅；所述风机与蒸发冷换热器之间还设置有隔水板；所述机壳内位于水箱的下方还设置有设备室；所述冷媒运行总成安装在设备室内，所述设备室内还设置有电控箱，用于控制风机、水泵、压缩机、四通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀和第三电磁阀。
又一实施例中，所述机组不包括多联室内机组，机组与室内换热器连接；所述室内换热器包括室外侧换热部和室内侧换热部；所述室外侧换热部与室内侧换热部通过载冷剂通道连通；所述室外侧换热部还包括与载冷剂通道换热的冷媒换热通道；所述冷媒换热通道具有m端和n端，m端和n端分别替代多联室内机组的j端和k端与冷媒运行总成连接；所述室外侧换热部设置在机组内的设备室中。
本发明的优点：本申请发明人发现，现有水冷冷水机组中的冷却塔一般需要与冷冻主机分离，这造成冷却循环管网过长，从而导致施工量、施工成本增加。由于制冷主机与冷却塔之间高度差大，所以在固定流量的情况下冷却循环泵的扬程增大，冷却循环泵功率提高，能耗相应增高。另外现有水冷冷水机组多采用壳管式换热器，由于壳程短，所以要求流速快，这就造成流体进出口压差大，大大的增加了壳体中流体阻力，使冷却循环泵功率增大、能耗增加。而且对于管式换热器，冷媒与冷却介质(水)间壁式换热是在封闭的壳管内进行的，冷却水以显热形式吸收了冷媒冷凝热量，换热效率不高。此外，现有水冷冷水机组中，冷却水在通过布水器在向下喷淋过程中与逆流 的空气对流，这会产生严重飞水现象。并且制冷主机采用大功率螺杆或离心压缩机，机组运行时会产生机械摩擦震动，导致噪声污染严重。本发明的自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器，换热效率高，节水，且便于维护；本发明的热泵模块机组采用风冷换热器和蒸发冷换热器并联的设计，不仅可通过空气和水进行制冷，还可通过空气和工业余热废水制热；单机组体积小，便于运输和安装，多个机组并联模块化安装可替代传统的大型水冷冷水机组，提高整个空调系统的运行稳定性；机组可直接安装在楼顶屋面，无需专设机房，减少了安装工程的施工量，降低了施工难度；机组整体产生的噪声可控制在65分贝(dB)以下，无需对机组进行额外的降噪处理，降低了使用成本。
附图说明
图1为实施例一所示自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器的换热板的最上侧的换热单元的截面示意图；
图2为实施例一所示自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器的换热板的相邻两个换热单元的截面示意图；
图3为实施例一所示自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器的换热板的内部结构的示意图；
图4为实施例一所示自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器的立体示意图；
图5为实施例二所示自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的示意图；
图6为实施例二所示自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的冷媒运行总成的示意图；
图7为实施例三所示自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的示意图；
图8为实施例三所示自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组的冷媒运行总成的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面将结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述，该实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不对本发明的保护范围构成限定。
实施例一
如图1至图4所示，本实施例提供了一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器，包括多个换热板；多个换热板沿着与蒸发换热板面垂直的方向间隔排列；每个换热板包括至少一个换热单元(图3示出了2个换热单元的情况)；所述换热单元为由多个冷凝管水平段205竖向排列成板状结构，多个冷凝管水平段205的两端通过冷凝管折弯段213连接构成至少一条冷媒冷凝通道，板状结构的两面构成蒸发换热板面(图3所示板状结构的垂直纸面两侧的表面)，相邻的两个冷凝管水平段205之间无缝隙连接，使蒸发换热面具有连续性且呈凹凸起伏状；最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的上方还设置有冷却管203；所述冷却 管203与最上侧的冷凝管水平段205之间还设置有布水槽201；所述布水槽201的两侧设置有布水微孔板202；所述布水微孔板202的上端与冷却管203的管壁连接、下端与最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的管壁连接，使布水槽201以内嵌的方式固定在冷却管203与换热单元之间而构成一体结构；所述冷却管203设置有多排的出水孔204与布水槽201连通，用于向布水槽201均匀注水；所述布水槽201用于将冷却管203注入的水通过布水微孔板202均流分布于蒸发换热板面形成水幕；所述布水槽内201位于冷却管203与冷凝管水平段205之间还设置有支架206；蒸发换热面的外侧还连接有防飞水网214，防飞水网214铺设在蒸发换热板面，并与每个冷凝管水平段205连接，防飞水网214的顶端2141与最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的管壁连接、底端2142与最下侧的冷凝管水平段205的管壁连接，使布水微孔板202和防飞水网214构成完整板面。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器中，冷却管与设定一定间距的相邻冷凝管及垂直相切于相邻两管外壁的布水微孔板构成了布水槽。当冷却水输送到冷却管后，由于冷却管分布有多排的出水孔，所以冷却水被均匀的喷洒于整个布水槽中。布水槽内空气压力与外大气压力相等，冷却水在自有重力及大气压力双重作用下保持均压状态；冷却水能够在自身重力流下通过布水微孔板均流分布于蒸发换热板面，形成自上至下的一薄层水帘(水幕)。由于水的表面张力作用，冷却水无间隙、连续、直接粘附于整个蒸发换热板面，水膜充分延展，薄且均匀，从而提高蒸发效率；并且不会产生游离的水存在，可最大限度避免飞水、飘水现象。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器中，布水槽的加工方式为：直接在排列好的冷却外管和冷凝管之间焊接布水微孔板即可，并将布水槽长度方向的两端用封板封闭，即可形成一体结构，布水微孔板对流水有一定的阻力，可使水在布水槽中形成一定的水位，布水微孔板也可为筛网、纳米级网，只要使布水槽保持一定水位即可；布水微孔板的材质可以为铜、铝、不锈钢、合金，也可为其它方便制网或开孔的金属材料；可通过控制冷却管的进水量来控制布水槽内的水位，在确保换热单元底端淋水充足前提下，使冷却水供应量最低，不产生盈余，以达到精准布水目的。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器中，防飞水网为毫米级金属网状结构，且与相接触的换热板面中的冷凝管水平段焊接固定，与布水微孔板构成了一个平面；防飞水网为导热性能良好的金属材质，且与冷凝管焊接紧固成为一体，当管内冷媒的热量传导到防飞水网时就形成了一个辅助的蒸发面，利于冷却水的散热和蒸发；由于防飞水网表面水膜张力作用，可以防止因逆向流动的空气将冷却水带走，进一步避免因“飘水”“飞水”所导致的 冷却水浪费；防飞水网矩阵排列的网状结构，可使换热板面布水更加均匀，且可延长冷却水滞留时间，增大换热量，提高换热效率；防飞水网纵横交错的网状结构强化了冷却水的扰动，改善冷却水微循环，进一步提高换热效率。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器中，换热单元由一根或多根圆形冷凝管按Z型等长“零间距”折叠而成(形成一个或多个冷媒冷凝通道)；在换热片顶端与中间部位布置有与冷凝管同管径的冷却布水管；冷却管与冷凝管保持较小间距(不高于冷却、冷凝管径)，通过支架钎焊固定。整个冷凝盘管与冷却管处于同一平面中。其中相邻上下层冷凝管、冷却管通过钎焊无缝隙连接；利用圆管具有更大换热面积、更高传热系数、抗压能力强、产品成熟价格低廉等的优点作为基础材料，将冷凝管Z型折叠成为层状平板结构，冷凝管外壁构成一个完整、连续的蒸发面；避免了排(列)管、盘管换热器换热单元间隔大所致占用空间大、每一换热单元蒸发面损失严重、有效蒸发面减少的缺点。利用冷凝管外壁形成的M型凹凸相间曲面结构(凹凸起伏的圆弧状)增大了换热面积，避免了列管翅片式冷凝器为增大换热面积增加翅片导致结垢严重所致的效率降低、电腐蚀严重使用寿命短、水垢不易清洗的缺点；由圆形管叠加形成的板面较相同截面积的平直板冷凝器的换热面积增大数倍，换热量更高；较平直板式冷凝器，双M型凹凸相间曲面可延长冷却水在板面的泄流时间，冷却水在凹凸面间流速、流向不断改变，紊流的出现对冷却水膜构成扰动效应，增大了蒸发面的换热系数，提高换热效率；冷凝管采用内螺纹圆管，增大了冷媒蒸汽与管壁的接触面强化了导热性能，有利于热量传导，代替直(平)板冷凝器内腔，具有耐压能力强、传热系数高、耐腐蚀、工艺简单、成本低的特点。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器中，采用冷凝管排列成板状结构的设计，结构紧凑，相同体积内容纳的换热面积是排列盘管式换热器的数倍，同时，采用水幕式的布水设计，布水更加均匀，提高换热效率，并且，蒸发换热面凹凸相间曲面的设计，进一步增加换热效率，这就使相同换热量的情况下，机组内的蒸发冷换热器的体积更小，相应的也大幅减小了机组整体的体积，达到小型化的目的。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器中，多个换热板沿着与蒸发换热面垂直的方向间隔排列，各换热板间保持有足够的间隙形成便于空气流通的通道，又方便清洗和维护。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器中，所述换热板包括多个所述的换热单元；多个换热单元竖向排列，相邻的两个换热单元通过冷凝管折弯段213连接，使各自的冷媒冷凝通道对应连通；相邻的两个换热单元中位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却管203的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的 冷凝管水平段205的底部连接；每个换热单元的防飞水网214的底端替换为与相邻的位于下侧的换热单元的冷却管203的管壁连接(多个换热单元时的连接方式)；采用多个换热单元的分段式设计，布水槽将每个换热板分为多个独立蒸发冷却的换热单元，每个换热单元只需保证本单元最小淋水量，使分布于冷凝换热板面水膜足够薄，便于冷却水汽化蒸发。而传统直(平)板式冷凝器中采用单一冷却单元以及单一换热板面结构中，由于需要保证换热板面最末端(底端、远端)有充足的的冷却水，就要增大布水量，导致出水端水膜太厚降低了蒸发效率；而本实施例的分段式设计可解决传统直(平)板式冷凝器的弊端，同时也避免了排列管、盘管冷凝器换热单元淋水不均造成有效蒸发面积低的缺点，分段喷淋单元式设计既保持了整个版面水膜的完整性，又保证了每个换热单元淋水最少、水膜最薄。
如图3和4所示，本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器中，相邻的两个换热单元之间的冷却管203、布水槽201、布水微孔板202的连接方式还可替换为：所述冷却管203的上方设置有布水槽201，布水槽201的两侧设置有布水微孔板202，布水微孔板202的下端与冷却管203的管壁连接、上端与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段205的管壁连接；冷却管203的底部与所属的换热单元中的最上侧的冷凝管水平段205的顶部连接；相应的，位于下侧的换热单元中，防飞水网214的顶端2141替换为与所属换热单元的冷却管的管壁连接、底端2142替换为与所属换热单元最下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接；此种连接方式根据实际需要进行选择使用。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器中，相邻的两个换热单元中，位于下侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段205的数量小于位于上侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平205的数量，用于使多个换热单元的蒸发换热面的换热面积自上至下递减；位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却管203的出水孔204的数量小于位于上侧的冷却管203的出水孔204的数量(出水孔沿冷却管长度方向的间距加大)，用于满足对应换热面积的蒸发换热面的布水需求；由于冷媒在冷媒冷凝通道中自上至下逐层降温，上侧为高温区，蒸发量大，上侧的蒸发换热面的面积也设置的相应大一些并提供充足的布水量；而下侧为低温区，蒸发量相对减少，就需要相应减少蒸发换热面的面积并减少布水量；此种递减的设计方式，可充分利用分段式设计的优势，即可保证对相应的换热单元布水充分，又可保证该换热单元的布水量最小，防止位于上侧的换热单元未被汽化的冷却水向位于下侧的换热单元堆积；确保各换热单元水膜均匀且薄，并且更加省水。
实施例二
如图5和图6所示，本实施例提供了一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块 机组，采用了如实施例一所述的自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器2，蒸发冷换热器2中的每个换热板的冷媒冷凝通道的顶端设置有冷媒蒸汽入口、底端设置有冷媒液体出口；换热板的冷却管的一端设置有冷却水入口；多个换热板的冷媒蒸汽入口连接有冷媒蒸汽汇集管207，多个换热板的冷媒液体出口连接有冷媒液体汇集管209，多个换热板的冷却管203的冷却水入口连接有冷却汇集管211；所述冷媒蒸汽汇集管207上还连接有第一冷媒蒸汽主管208，所述冷媒液体汇集管209上还连接有第一冷媒液体主管210，所述冷却汇集管211还连接有冷却主管212(管路如图3和图4所示)。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，还包括风冷换热器3、冷媒运行总成6；所述蒸发冷换热器2、风冷换热器3并联后与冷媒运行总成6连接；所述冷媒运行总成6用于运行冷媒在蒸发冷换热器2或风冷换热器3中换热；所风冷换热器3连接有第二冷媒蒸汽主管301和第二冷媒液体主管302；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管208与第二冷媒蒸汽主管301并联后与冷媒运行总成6连接，所述第一冷媒液体主管210与第二冷媒液体主管302并联后与冷媒运行总成6连接；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管208上设置有第一电磁阀603，第二冷媒蒸汽主管301上设置有第二电磁阀604。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，以蒸发冷换热器为基础，通过与蒸发冷换热器并联加装风冷换热器，实现了水冷(蒸发冷)冷水机组的热泵制热功能，改变了传统水冷冷水机组只制冷不制热现状，扩展了水冷冷水机组使用功能。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所述机组还包括设置水箱5；所述水箱5内设置有水泵501；所述水泵501的出水端与冷却主管212连通，用于将水箱5内的冷却水通过冷却主管212送入蒸发冷换热器2中；所述水箱5还设置有补水口502；所述水箱5的底部还连接有排污管503；所述排污管503上设置有排污电磁阀504；所述蒸发冷换热器2与水箱5之间还设置有冷却填料层4，用于对从蒸发冷换热器2上滴落的未蒸发的水进行冷却后排至水箱5中。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所述冷媒运行总成6包括压缩机601、四通阀602、第一电磁阀603、第二电磁阀604、第一单向阀605、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器608、第一膨胀阀609、第二单向阀610、气液分离器611、第三电磁阀612、第二膨胀阀613、第三单向阀614、第四单向阀615；所述机组还包括多联室内机组12(氟机)；所述压缩机601具有出气口、回气口和增焓口；所述四通阀602具有a端、b端、c端、d端；所述经济器608具有e端、f端、g端、h端，e端与f端在经济器608内部连通，g端与h端在经济器608内部连通；多联室内机组12具有j 端和k端，j端和k端为多联室内机组的冷媒通道的两个端口；
所述压缩机601的出气口6011、四通阀602的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管208/第二冷媒蒸汽主管301并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器2的第一冷媒蒸汽主管208及第一电磁阀603与第一冷媒液体主管210、第一单向阀605、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀609、第二单向阀610、多联室内机组12的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器611、压缩机601的回气口6012连通构成第一制冷运行通道；
所述压缩机601的出气口、四通阀602的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管208/第二冷媒蒸汽主管301并联的管路、风冷换热器3的第二冷媒蒸汽主管301及第二电磁阀604与第二冷媒液体主管302、第一单向阀605、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀609、第二单向阀610、多联室内机组12的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器611、压缩机601的回气口依次连通构成第二制冷运行通道；
所述压缩机601的出气口、四通阀602的a端与d端、多联室内机组12的k端与j端、第三单向阀614、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀609、第四单向阀615、第一冷媒液体主管210/第二冷媒液体主管302并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器2的第一冷媒液体主管210与第一冷媒蒸汽主管208及第一电磁阀603、四通阀602的b端与c端/气液分离器611、压缩机601的回气口依次连通构成第一制热运行通道；
所述压缩机601的出气口、四通阀602的a端与d端、多联室内机组12的k端与j端、第三单向阀614、储液罐606、干燥过滤器607、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀609、第四单向阀615、第一冷媒液体主管210/第二冷媒液体主管302并联的管路、风冷换热器3的第二冷媒液体主管302与第二冷媒蒸汽主管301及第二电磁阀604、四通阀602的b端与c端、气液分离器611、压缩机601的回气口依次连通构成第二制热运行通道；
所述第一制热运行通道和第二制热运行通道中，干燥过滤器607的出口、第二膨胀阀613、经济器的e端与f端、第三电磁阀612、压缩机601的增焓口6013依次连通构成辅助增焓回路；所述经济器内位于e端与f端之间的内部通道与位于h端与g端之间的内部通道进行换热。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，所述机组还包括机壳1，所述机壳1的顶部设置有通风口11；所述通风口11内设置有风机7；所述风机7的下方依次设置所述的蒸发冷换热器2、冷却填料层4；所述风冷换热器3设置在蒸发冷换热器2的外侧；所述水箱5设置在蒸发冷换热器2和风冷换热器3的下方，所述机壳1在于风冷换热器3相对应的侧壁上还设置有通风格栅9；所述风机7与蒸发冷换热器2之间还设置有隔水板8；所述 机壳1内位于水箱5的下方还设置有设备室；所述冷媒运行总成6安装在设备室内，所述设备室内还设置有电控箱10，用于控制风机7、水泵501、压缩机601、四通阀602、第一电磁阀603、第二电磁阀604和第三电磁阀612。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，采用的蒸发冷换热器，通过一体化、水幕式的设计，提高了冷却水蒸发量使冷却水循环量降低从而使冷却循环泵功耗进一步降低，分段式设计、梯级单元式的布水方式使布水更精细，只需小流量的冷却水循环就可满足冷却功能；内嵌隐藏设置的布水槽实现水幕式布水，并配合防飞水网，可最大程度上降低游离水的存在，不产生飞水；冷却水循环量减少从而降低了风机风量、风速，也利于避免“飞水”、“飘水”现象发生，节约了用水，冷却水循环量的减少还缩小了冷却水箱体积，使机组体积减少；使机组的换热效能更高，体型更小，实现机组的小型化。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，将螺杆或离心压缩机改换为涡旋旋压缩机或小功率螺杆压缩机，将机组整个冷媒循环系统内置到与机组相匹配的冷却塔中，形成换热系统与冷却系统高度集成的一体化机组，实现了机组小型化、型模块化(消耗功率5KW-40KW)；模块化后单机的占地面积2-3㎡、重量减小到0.5T左右，便于机组的安装、运输。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，集成后的机组省去了传统冷水机组工程中的冷却管网铺设，减小施工量降低了施工难度；内置的冷却水循环系统的扬程接近“0”，冷却循环泵功率更低；采用开放式换热方式，利用水的自身重力流与冷媒换热，进一步降低循环泵功率；并且内嵌式的水幕式布水无噪声，由于高效的换热效率，压缩机采用小型压缩机降低了噪音源强度，冷却水循环量减少降低了风机功率，冷却循环泵的功率也有效降低，进一步减小了所产生的噪声；整体降低改善噪声污染程度；机组噪声即可控制在65分贝以下，完全达到国家规范标准，从而解决噪声污染问题。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，融合热泵技术，蒸发冷换热器加装风冷换热器，并通过共用冷媒循环以及其它各组件，使机组实现了风冷热泵制热功能，达到一机两用的目的。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，压缩机可采用涡旋压缩机或小功率螺杆压缩机，单机重量减小到0.5吨以下，实现了机组小型化、型模块化，可便于机组的安装、运输；小型模块化的机组可安装在楼顶屋面，无需专设机房，从而节省了室内空间；多个小型模块化后的本机组同时运行互为备用，个别机组维修、维护不影响整体运行使用，提高了整个空调系统的运行稳定性。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，蒸发冷换热器配合其他部件的工作原理如下：冷却水经冷却总管进入冷却汇集管，并经均匀分流至各个换热单元的冷却管中；高温冷媒蒸汽经冷媒蒸汽总管进入冷媒蒸汽汇集管，冷媒蒸汽经冷媒蒸汽汇集管均匀分流到各个换热板的换热单元中；当冷却水输送到冷却管后，由于冷却管分布有多排的出水孔，所以冷却水被均匀的喷洒于整个布水槽中；布水槽内空气压力与外大气压力相等，冷却水在自有重力及大气压力双重作用下保持均压状态；冷却水能够在自身重力流下通过布水微孔板均流分布于蒸发换热板面，并配合防飞水网，形成自上至下的一薄层水帘(水幕)；冷媒蒸汽经折叠的冷凝管而构成的冷媒冷凝通道自上至下逐层运动，由于冷凝管外壁低温冷却水的存在，使冷媒管壁内外产生大温差，冷媒蒸汽热量由管内高温区迅速向低温区的冷凝管外壁转移传递给流经其表面的冷却水，冷媒放热降低了温度，冷却水吸热在冷凝器表面汽化蒸发，蒸发形成的饱和蒸汽在风机作用下被排放到大气中；未蒸发的冷却水由于和冷凝管中冷媒蒸汽对流换热后升温，在自身重力流的状态下沿着换热表面两侧经换热面底端滴落在设置与蒸发冷凝器下部的冷却填料中。此时的蒸发冷凝器充当冷却水冷却冷凝过程中的布水功能，沿整个蒸发冷凝器底部滴落的冷却水均匀滴落到其下部的冷却填料顶部，冷却水沿向下流动时在冷却填料表面再次形成很薄的水膜，同样在风机的作用下填料表面的冷却水膜与掠过填料表面的环境空气换热，冷却水被冷却后降温，空气升温后通过风机排放到大气中，此时填料作为冷却功能。冷却后的冷却水沿着整个冷却填料的水平下表面均匀的滴落在整个冷却水箱的表面，在水泵的作用下，较低温度的冷却水向下运动，再经冷却主管、冷却汇集管后进入各换热单元的冷却管中进入下一个冷却循环。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，包括蒸发冷换热器的制冷模式，风冷换热器的制冷模式，风冷换热器的化霜模式，风冷换热器的制热模式，蒸发冷换热器的制热模式，具体模式流程如下：
一、蒸发冷换热器的制冷模式
此模式下，水箱的补水口切换至冷却水接口。
冷媒流程：第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第一电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与b端相通、c端与d端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压冷媒蒸汽从压缩机出气口喷出，经四通阀的a端入、b端出后，通过第一电磁阀经第一冷媒蒸汽主管进入蒸发冷换热器各换热单元中，冷媒蒸汽与蒸发冷换热器的水幕换热冷却，冷媒蒸汽冷却液化降温，冷却水与蒸发冷换热器内的冷媒蒸汽换热升温汽化蒸发，部分冷却水由液态变为气态，以水的汽化潜热形式通过风机排到室外大气中；被蒸发冷换热器冷凝液化的低温高压液态冷媒经第一冷媒 液体主管后，再经第一单向阀后进入储液罐中，低温高压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器、再经过经济器的h端入、g端出后，经第一膨胀阀节流减压冷媒压力、温度降低；节流后的低温低压液态冷媒经第二单向阀后从多联室内机组的j端入、k端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，低温低压液态冷媒吸热汽化蒸发为冷媒蒸汽，冷媒蒸汽再经四通阀的d端入、c端出，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒循环过程。
此模式下，水泵优先压缩机启动，于设定时间间隔后风机启动；水箱内较低温度的冷却水在水泵的作用下经冷却主管、冷却汇集管输送给蒸发冷换热器的各换热单元的冷却管。冷却水经各换热单元的布水槽后，均衡分布于各换热板的表面，形成一层水膜，由于各换热板表面温度为90℃左右，所以冷却水升温快速汽化蒸发，从而直接带走大量冷媒的热量，未被汽化的冷却水与各换热板对流换热升温后滴落到下方的冷却填料层上部，冷却水沿着冷却填料层表面在重力的作用下自上至下形成一层薄薄的水膜，由于冷却水的温度高于环境温度，所以水膜表面的水蒸气处于过饱和状态形成雾化，雾化的水蒸汽在风机的作用下被排放，以潜热的方式转移到大气中；未汽化的较高温度冷却水与冷却填料层进行对流换热、与空气辐射换热；随着冷却水沿着冷却填料层下沉，温度逐渐降低，最终所有的热量通过风机排放到大气中；降温后的较低温度的冷却水沿着冷却填料层的底面均匀的滴落到冷却水箱的上表面，完成一个水循环过程。
二、风冷换热器的制冷模式
冷媒流程：第一电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第二电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与b端相通、c端与d端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽从压缩机的出气口喷出，经四通阀a端入、b端出后，通过第二电磁阀经第二冷媒蒸汽主管进入风冷换热器中，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽与流经风冷换热器表面的循环空气换热，冷媒蒸汽冷却液化降温，换热升温后热空气通过风机排到室外大气中；被冷凝的低温高压液态冷媒经第二冷媒液体主管后，再经第一单向阀后进入储液罐中，低温高压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器、再经过经济器的h端入、g端出后，经第一膨胀阀节流减压冷媒压力、温度降低；节流后的低温低压液态冷媒经第二单向阀从多联室内机组的j端入、k端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，低温低压液态冷媒吸热汽化蒸发为冷媒蒸汽，冷媒蒸汽再经四通阀的d端入、c端出，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒循环过程。
此模式下，水泵关闭，风机优先压缩机启动，蒸发冷换热器处于待机状态；由于风机的作用，机组内部呈负压状态，环境空气通过通风格栅进入机 组，与风冷换热器换热，冷媒被冷却液化降温，空气被加热带走了冷媒热量，通过排放口排出转移到大气中。
三、风冷换热器的化霜模式
冷媒流程：第一电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第二电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与b端相通、c端与d端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽从压缩机的出气口喷出，经四通阀a端入、b端出后，通过第二电磁阀经第二冷媒蒸汽主管进入风冷换热器中，冷媒蒸汽与风冷换热器表面的冰(霜)换热，冷媒蒸汽冷却液化降温，冰(霜)与风冷换热器内的冷媒蒸汽换热升温后部分成为蒸汽通过空气自然流动扩散排到室外大气中，大部分冰融化为水回流到冷却水箱中。被冷凝的低温高压液态冷媒经第二冷媒液体主管后，再经第一单向阀后进入储液罐中，低温高压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器、再经过经济器的h端入、g端出后，经第一膨胀阀节流减压冷媒压力、温度降低；节流后的低温低压液态冷媒经第二单向阀从多联室内机组的j端入、k端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，低温低压液态冷媒吸热汽化蒸发为冷媒蒸汽，冷媒蒸汽再经四通阀的d端入、c端出，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒循环过程；当环境温度较低时，第三电磁阀打开，流经干燥过滤器后的低温高压冷媒液体一部分经第二膨胀阀后经过经济器的e端入、f端出，此部分的冷媒液体与经济器的h端入、g端出的冷媒液体进行吸热升温汽化，冷媒蒸汽经第三电磁阀后回压缩机的增焓口。
此模式下，水泵关闭，风机关闭，蒸发冷换热器处于待机状态。
四、风冷换热器的制热模式
冷媒流程：第一电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第二电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与d端相通、b端与c端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽经四通阀的a端入、d端出之后从多联室内机组的k端入、j端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，高温高压液态冷媒换热后冷凝为中温中压的液态冷媒，液态冷媒再经第三单向阀后进入储液罐中，中温中压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器后分为两路：第一路经过经济器的h端入、g端出，第二路经第二膨胀阀节流降压后经过经济器的e端入、f端出；两路冷媒在经济器中换热；第一路的中温中压液态冷媒在经济器中进一步冷凝降温，再经第一膨胀阀节流减压，形成低温低压液态冷媒；低温低压液态冷媒通过第四单向阀、第二冷媒液体主管进入风冷换热器，低温低压液态冷媒与流经此换热器表面的循环空气换热，液态冷媒升温汽化成为冷媒蒸汽，再经第二冷媒蒸汽主管、第二电磁阀后，经四通阀的b端入、c端出后，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒的主循环过程；第二路的中温中压液态冷媒经第二膨胀阀节流降压后在经济器中进一步升温汽化，形成中温低 压蒸汽；中温低压蒸汽经第三电磁阀后回压缩机的增焓口，完成一个辅助增焓循环。
此模式下，水泵关闭，风机优先压缩机启动，蒸发冷换热器处于待机状态；由于风机的作用，机组内部呈负压状态，环境空气通过通风格栅进入机组，与风冷换热器换热，冷媒液体被汽化升温，空气释放热量降温，通过排放口排出转移至大气中，实现风冷换热器热泵制热功能。
五、蒸发冷换热器的制热模式
此模式下，水箱的补水口切换至工业余热废水接口。
冷媒流程：第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀关闭，第一电磁阀打开，四通阀的a端与d端相通、b端与c端相通；压缩机通电工作，高温高压的冷媒蒸汽经四通阀的a端入、d端出之后从多联室内机组的k端入、j端出并在多联室内机组内的冷媒通道与室内空气进行换热，高温高压液态冷媒换热后冷凝为中温中压的液态冷媒，液态冷媒再经第三单向阀后进入储液罐中，中温中压液态冷媒继续经干燥过滤器后分为两路：第一路经过经济器的h端入、g端出，第二路经第二膨胀阀节流降压后经过经济器的e端入、f端出；两路冷媒在经济器中换热；第一路的中温中压液态冷媒在经济器中进一步冷凝降温，再经第一膨胀阀节流减压，形成低温低压液态冷媒；低温低压液态冷媒通过第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管进入蒸发冷换热器，低温低压液态冷媒与流经此换热器表面的工业余热废水换热后，液态冷媒升温汽化成为冷媒蒸汽，再经第一冷媒蒸汽主管、第一电磁阀后，经四通阀的b端入、c端出后，经气液分离器后入压缩机的回气口后进行压缩，完成一个冷媒的主循环过程；第二路的中温中压液态冷媒经第二膨胀阀节流降压后在经济器中进一步升温汽化，形成中温低压蒸汽；中温低压蒸汽经第三电磁阀后回压缩机的增焓口，完成一个辅助增焓循环。
此模式下，风机关闭，水泵优先压缩机启动；工业余热废水经均衡分布于各换热板的表面，液态冷媒被汽化升温，热水释放热量降温，通过排污电磁阀经过排污管排出，实现水源式制热功能。
实施例三
如图7和图8所示，本实施例与实施例二的不同点在于：所述机组不包括多联室内机组12，机组与室内换热器(水机)连接；所述室内换热器包括室外侧换热部13和室内侧换热部；所述室外侧换热部13与室内侧换热部通过载冷剂(冷却水)通道连通；所述室外侧换热部13还包括与载冷剂(冷却水)通道换热的冷媒换热通道；所述冷媒换热通道具有m端和n端，m端和n端分别替代多联室内机组12的j端和k端与冷媒运行总成6连接；所述室外侧换热部13设置在机组内的设备室中。
本实施例的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组中，换热时，冷媒运行总成内的冷媒进入室外侧换热部的冷媒换热通道与其载冷剂通道内的载冷剂(冷却水)进行换热，载冷剂(冷却水)再输送至室内侧换热部与室内空气进行换热。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制。本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器，其特征在于：包括多个换热板；多个换热板沿着与蒸发换热面垂直的方向间隔排列；每个换热板包括至少一个换热单元；所述换热单元为由多个冷凝管水平段竖向排列成板状结构，多个冷凝管水平段的两端通过冷凝管折弯段连接构成至少一条冷媒冷凝通道，板状结构的两面构成蒸发换热面，相邻的两个冷凝管水平段之间无缝隙连接，使蒸发换热面具有连续性且呈凹凸起伏状；最上侧的冷凝管水平段的上方还设置有冷却管；所述冷却管与最上侧的冷凝管水平段之间还设置有布水槽；所述布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板；所述布水微孔板的上端与冷却管的管壁连接、下端与最上侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接，使布水槽以内嵌的方式固定在冷却管与换热单元之间而构成一体结构；所述冷却管设置有多排的出水孔与布水槽连通，用于向布水槽均匀注水；所述布水槽用于将冷却管注入的水以水的自身重力通过布水微孔板溢出并均匀分布于蒸发换热板面形成水幕；蒸发换热面的外侧还连接有防飞水网，防飞水网铺设在蒸发换热板面，并与每个冷凝管水平段连接，防飞水网的顶端与最上侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接、底端与最下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接，使布水微孔板和防飞水网构成完整板面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器，其特征在于：所述换热板包括多个所述的换热单元；多个换热单元竖向排列，相邻的两个换热单元通过冷凝管折弯段连接，使各自的冷媒冷凝通道对应连通；相邻的两个换热单元中位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却管的顶部与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的底部连接；每个换热单元的防飞水网的底端替换为与相邻的位于下侧的换热单元的冷却管的管壁连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器，其特征在于：相邻的两个换热单元中，位于下侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段的数量小于位于上侧的换热单元中的冷凝管水平段的数量，用于使多个换热单元的蒸发换热面的换热面积自上至下递减；位于下侧的换热单元中的冷却管的出水孔的数量小于位于上侧的冷却管的出水孔的数量，用于满足对应换热面积的蒸发换热面的布水需求。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷换热器，其特征在于：相邻的两个换热单元之间的冷却管、布水槽、布水微孔板的连接方式替换为：所述冷却管的上方设置有布水槽，布水槽的两侧设置有布水微孔板，布水微孔板的下端与冷却管的管壁连接、上端与位于上侧的换热单元的最下侧的冷凝管水平段的管壁连接；冷却管的底部与所属的换热单元中的最上侧的冷凝管水平段的顶部连接；相应的，位于下侧的换热单元中，防飞水网的顶端替换为与所属换热单元的冷却管的管壁连接、底端替换为与所属换热单元最下侧的冷凝管水平 段的管壁连接。
  5. 一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：包括所述的蒸发冷换热器，蒸发冷换热器中的每个换热板的冷媒冷凝通道的顶端设置有冷媒蒸汽入口、底端设置有冷媒液体出口；换热板的冷却管的一端设置有冷却水入口；多个换热板的冷媒蒸汽入口连接有冷媒蒸汽汇集管，多个换热板的冷媒液体出口连接有冷媒液体汇集管，多个换热板的冷却管的冷却水入口连接有冷却汇集管；所述冷媒蒸汽汇集管上还连接有第一冷媒蒸汽主管，所述冷媒液体汇集管上还连接有第一冷媒液体主管，所述冷却汇集管还连接有冷却主管。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：还包括风冷换热器、冷媒运行总成；所述蒸发冷换热器、风冷换热器并联后与冷媒运行总成连接；所述冷媒运行总成用于运行冷媒在蒸发冷换热器或风冷换热器中换热；所述风冷换热器连接有第二冷媒蒸汽主管和第二冷媒液体主管；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管与第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联后与冷媒运行总成连接，所述第一冷媒液体主管与第二冷媒液体主管并联后与冷媒运行总成连接；所述第一冷媒蒸汽主管上设置有第一电磁阀，第二冷媒蒸汽主管上设置有第二电磁阀。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述机组还包括设置水箱；所述水箱内设置有水泵；所述水泵的出水端与冷却主管连通，用于将水箱内的冷却水通过冷却主管送入蒸发冷换热器中；所述水箱还设置有补水口；所述水箱的底部还连接有排污管；所述排污管上设置有排污电磁阀；所述蒸发冷换热器与水箱之间还设置有冷却填料层，用于对从蒸发冷换热器上滴落的未蒸发的水进行冷却后排至水箱中。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述冷媒运行总成包括压缩机、四通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、气液分离器、第三电磁阀、第二膨胀阀、第三单向阀、第四单向阀；所述机组还包括有多联室内机组；所述压缩机具有出气口、回气口和增焓口；所述四通阀具有a端、b端、c端、d端；所述经济器具有e端、f端、g端、h端，e端与f端在经济器内部连通，g端与h端在经济器内部连通；多联室内机组具有j端和k端，j端和k端为多联室内机组的冷媒通道的两个端口；
    所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管/第二冷媒蒸汽主管并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器的第一冷媒蒸汽主管及第一电磁阀与第一冷媒液体主管、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、多联室内机组的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口连通构成第一制冷运行通道；
    所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与b端、第一冷媒蒸汽主管/第二冷媒蒸 汽主管并联的管路、风冷换热器的第二冷媒蒸汽主管及第二电磁阀与第二冷媒液体主管、第一单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第二单向阀、多联室内机组的j端与k端、四通阀的d端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第二制冷运行通道；
    所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与d端、多联室内机组的k端与j端、第三单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管/第二冷媒液体主管并联的管路、蒸发冷换热器的第一冷媒液体主管与第一冷媒蒸汽主管及第一电磁阀、四通阀的b端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第一制热运行通道；
    所述压缩机的出气口、四通阀的a端与d端、多联室内机组的k端与j端、第三单向阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器、经济器的h端与g端、第一膨胀阀、第四单向阀、第一冷媒液体主管/第二冷媒液体主管并联的管路、风冷换热器的第二冷媒液体主管与第二冷媒蒸汽主管及第二电磁阀、四通阀的b端与c端、气液分离器、压缩机的回气口依次连通构成第二制热运行通道；
    所述第一制热运行通道和第二制热运行通道中，干燥过滤器的出口、第二膨胀阀、经济器的e端与f端、第三电磁阀、压缩机的增焓口依次连通构成辅助增焓回路；所述经济器内位于e端与f端之间的内部通道与位于h端与g端之间的内部通道进行换热。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述机组还包括机壳，所述机壳的顶部设置有通风口；所述通风口内设置有风机；所述风机的下方依次设置所述的蒸发冷换热器、冷却填料层；所述风冷换热器设置在蒸发冷换热器的外侧；所述水箱设置在蒸发冷换热器和风冷换热器的下方，所述机壳在于风冷换热器相对应的侧壁上还设置有通风格栅；所述风机与蒸发冷换热器之间还设置有隔水板；所述机壳内位于水箱的下方还设置有设备室；所述冷媒运行总成安装在设备室内，所述设备室内还设置有电控箱，用于控制风机、水泵、压缩机、四通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀和第三电磁阀。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的一种自喷淋水幕式蒸发冷热泵模块机组，其特征在于：所述机组不包括多联室内机组，机组与室内换热器连接；所述室内换热器包括室外侧换热部和室内侧换热部；所述室外侧换热部与室内侧换热部通过载冷剂通道连通；所述室外侧换热部还包括与载冷剂通道换热的冷媒换热通道；所述冷媒换热通道具有m端和n端，m端和n端分别替代多联室内机组的j端和k端与冷媒运行总成连接。
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