WO2021228004A1 - 基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法 - Google Patents

基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021228004A1
WO2021228004A1 PCT/CN2021/092531 CN2021092531W WO2021228004A1 WO 2021228004 A1 WO2021228004 A1 WO 2021228004A1 CN 2021092531 W CN2021092531 W CN 2021092531W WO 2021228004 A1 WO2021228004 A1 WO 2021228004A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anchor cable
anchoring agent
anchoring
pipe
cylinder
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PCT/CN2021/092531
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁瑞甫
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河南理工大学
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Application filed by 河南理工大学 filed Critical 河南理工大学
Priority to AU2021271378A priority Critical patent/AU2021271378B2/en
Publication of WO2021228004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021228004A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
    • E21B15/04—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts specially adapted for directional drilling, e.g. slant hole rigs
    • E21B15/045—Hydraulic, pneumatic or electric circuits for their positioning
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering, and specifically relates to an anchor cable self-drilling and fast anchoring construction method based on water jet technology.
  • Anchor cable support is a commonly used support technology in mining engineering, geotechnical engineering, and underground engineering.
  • the length of the anchor cable is long, the anchoring range is large, and the use of it in conjunction with bolt support has become the most important support method for coal mine roadways in my country.
  • the length of the anchor cable ranges from 3 to 4 meters to more than a dozen meters.
  • the commonly used anchor cable length in coal mines is about 6 to 10 meters.
  • the existing construction process is: use a cable anchor drill to drill holes.
  • the length of the drill rod is generally 1m, so it needs to use 6 ⁇ 10 drill pipes, complete the drilling construction, and then withdraw the drill pipe one by one; use the anchor cable to send the anchoring agent into the drill hole.
  • the anchorage length of the anchor cable is generally about 2m, and the number of anchoring agent rolls used is 4-6, sometimes It cannot be delivered at one time, and the anchoring agent needs to be delivered in batches; finally, the anchor cable is rotated to agitate the anchoring agent to complete the anchoring and bonding, and then the pallet and locks are installed to complete the anchoring.
  • the construction time of a single anchor cable is about 20-30 minutes.
  • the present invention provides an environmentally friendly, safe, easy-to-operate and high-construction efficiency anchor cable self-drilling and fast anchoring construction method based on water jet technology.
  • a self-drilling and fast anchoring construction method for anchor cables based on water jet technology including the following steps:
  • the rear end of the hollow anchor cable is coaxially connected to a section of rigid pipe, and the rigid pipe is installed on the angle-adjustable drilling mechanism;
  • the angle-adjustable drilling mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder set vertically, the lower end of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a fixed bracket, the upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a positioning frame, and the upper left side of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a horizontal front and rear sides.
  • a fixed shaft, a rectangular frame is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft, a slideway and an air cylinder are arranged on the rectangular frame along the front and rear directions, a slide plate is provided on the slideway, and an anchor cable clamping rotation mechanism is provided on the back side of the slide plate, and the air cylinder is located on the slideway Below, the rear end of the cylinder is hinged to the lower part of the rear side of the rectangular frame, and the front end of the cylinder is connected to the bottom of the slide plate through a connecting seat.
  • a vertical plate is fixed on the left side of the upper part of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder, and the fixed shaft passes through the vertical plate vertically.
  • the vertical plate is provided with an arc-shaped guide hole with the fixed shaft as the center line
  • the right side of the rectangular frame is provided with a positioning bolt, and the right end of the positioning bolt passes through the arc-shaped guide hole on the vertical plate And press and fit through the nut stand plate
  • the upper part of the rear side of the rectangular frame is provided with anchor cable rotation guide clamps corresponding to the front and back of the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism
  • the vertical plate is a semi-circular structure.
  • the straight section of the vertical plate is vertically arranged and fixedly connected with the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the arc-shaped guide hole is located on the back side of the hydraulic cylinder, and the right side of the vertical plate is along the length of the arc-shaped guide hole.
  • the direction is provided with an angle scale, and the 0 scale of the angle scale is located at the midpoint of the arc-shaped guide hole.
  • the water jet generating device includes a bucket or mortar mixing barrel, a suction pipe, a water outlet pipe, and a high-pressure clean water pump or a mortar pump.
  • the inlet of the mortar pump is connected, and the outlet of the high-pressure clean water pump or the mortar pump is connected with the inlet of the water outlet pipe.
  • the high-pressure nozzle includes a nozzle body and a connecting sleeve.
  • the inner hole of the connecting sleeve includes a first internal threaded hole on the front side and a second internal threaded hole on the rear side.
  • the front end of the anchor cable extends into and is threadedly connected to the second internal threaded hole
  • the outer circumference of the sprinkler body is provided with external threads
  • the outer circle of the sprinkler body extends and is threaded into the first internal threaded hole
  • the front side of the sprinkler body is provided
  • the inner rear center of the nozzle body is provided with a water hole corresponding to the central hole of the hollow anchor cable.
  • the rear ends of the two spray holes are connected with the water hole through a connecting hole opened in the radial direction.
  • the anchoring agent supply device includes an anchoring agent A material holding barrel, an anchoring agent B material holding barrel, a compressed air pipeline, a first air inlet pipe, a second air inlet pipe, a first discharge pipe, a second discharge pipe, and a mixing outlet.
  • the inlets of the material pipe, the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe are all connected with the outlet of the compressed air pipeline, the outlet of the first air inlet pipe is connected with the top of the anchoring agent A material container, and the outlet of the second air inlet pipe is connected with the anchoring agent
  • the top of the B material container is connected, the inlet of the first discharge pipe is connected to the lower part of the anchoring agent A material container, the inlet of the second discharge pipe is connected to the lower part of the anchoring agent B material container, and the first discharge pipe
  • the outlet and the outlet of the second discharge pipe are connected to the inlet of the mixing discharge pipe at the same time.
  • the mixing discharge pipe is equipped with a regulating valve.
  • the anchoring agent A material container and the anchoring agent B material container are both cylindrical barrels. structure.
  • Step (3) The hollow anchor cable is installed on the angle-adjustable drilling mechanism. Specifically, the hollow anchor cable passes through the anchor cable clamping rotating mechanism from back to front, and then passes through the anchor cable rotating guide fixture and is clamped by the anchor cable. The rotating mechanism and the anchor cable rotation guide clamp are clamped at the same time, and the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism adopts wind or hydraulic motor to drive the hollow anchor cable to rotate through the gear transmission mechanism.
  • step (4) The specific process of step (4) is to start the hydraulic cylinder first, the piston cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder extends upward, the positioning frame presses against the roof of the roadway, the position of the angle adjustable drilling mechanism is fixed, and then the front and rear positioning bolts are loosened Rotate the rectangular frame, the rectangular frame is rotated with the fixed shaft as the center line, the positioning bolt moves in the arc-shaped guide hole, the direction of drilling is determined by the scale on the angle scale, and then the two nuts are tightened to position the rectangular frame .
  • step (6) The specific process of step (6) is to start the high-pressure clean water pump or mortar pump, the anchor cable clamping rotating mechanism and the cylinder, and the high-pressure clean water pump or mortar pump pumps out the clean water or abrasive water in the bucket or mortar mixing bucket through the hollow anchor cable. It is transported to the high-pressure nozzle and sprayed forward through the two injection holes on the high-pressure nozzle to form a water jet that can break the rock. While moving forward, it rotates at a certain speed. The water jets ejected from the two injection holes perform high-pressure hydraulic drilling on the coal rock wall. The coal and rock cuttings are reduced from the hole through the ring between the borehole and the hollow anchor cable.
  • the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism clamps the hollow anchor cable, the anchor cable rotation guide clamp loosens the hollow anchor cable, and then repeats the cylinder to drive the sliding plate toward the initial position.
  • the front moving, anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism drives the hollow anchor cable to rotate, and the high-pressure nozzle at the front end of the hollow anchor cable sprays high-pressure water jets to perform hydraulic cutting operations on the coal and rock wall.
  • step (10) The specific process of step (10) is that the compressed air pipeline uses high-pressure air from underground coal mines, and the high-pressure air in the compressed air pipeline passes through the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe to the anchoring agent A material container and the anchoring agent B respectively.
  • the anchoring agent in the material container is pressurized, the anchoring agent A material enters the mixing discharge pipe through the first discharge pipe, the anchoring agent B material enters the mixing discharge pipe through the second discharge pipe, and the anchoring agent A material And anchoring agent B enters the high-pressure nozzle forward through the mixing discharge pipe and the hollow anchor cable, and is sprayed out through the two spray holes on the high-pressure nozzle, and the anchoring agent flows out along the outer wall of the hollow anchor cable at the bottom of the drilled hole
  • the annular gap with the inner wall of the borehole flows outwards, and the anchor A material and the anchor B material fill the annular gap.
  • the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism drives the rigid pipe and the hollow anchor cable to rotate to make the anchoring Agent A material and anchoring agent B are mixed more evenly in the borehole; the ratio of the cross-sectional dimensions of the anchoring agent A material container and the anchoring agent B material container is equal to the ratio of the anchoring agent A material and the anchoring agent B material.
  • the discharge flow of anchoring agent A and anchoring agent B is injected into the borehole according to the set ratio.
  • pure water jet or abrasive water jet is selected according to the strength and lithology of the concrete anchor cable to anchor the coal and rock mass.
  • Hard rock masses use abrasive water jets and mortar pumps as power.
  • the water jet generating device can generate high-pressure water jet or high-pressure abrasive water jet, which is transported to the hollow anchor cable by pipeline, and sprayed from the high-pressure nozzle through the inner hole of the hollow anchor cable.
  • the angle of the main body is two hydraulic columns (hydraulic cylinders).
  • the adjustable drilling mechanism can adjust and fix the drilling direction first, and drive the hollow anchor cable to rotate and advance forward.
  • the high-pressure water jet from the high-pressure nozzle realizes the rotation and rock breaking of the coal and rock mass, thereby realizing the hollow anchor cable. Of self-drilling.
  • the anchoring agent A material and the anchoring agent B material are sent to the inner hole of the hollow anchor cable by the downhole air pressure pipe and flow out through the high-pressure nozzle, filling the borehole inner wall of the anchoring section and the hollow anchor cable gap, and the hollow anchor
  • the cable continues to rotate to realize the stirring and mixing of the anchoring agent A material and the anchoring agent B material, thereby realizing the rapid anchoring of the hollow anchor cable.
  • This method realizes the self-drilling and rapid anchoring of the hollow anchor cable.
  • the drill pipe of the existing anchor cable construction is drilled in sections, the drill pipe is retracted in sections, and the anchoring agent is pushed in (and the second push is required if necessary),
  • the complex procedures such as anchor cable anchoring are simplified into three procedures: self-drilling of the anchor cable, anchoring agent blowing in, and anchoring of the anchor cable. This reduces the links of drill pipe segmented drilling, segmented rod withdrawal, and anchoring agent pushing, which greatly saves anchors.
  • the construction time of the cable improves the construction efficiency; in the area where the coal and rock mass is broken, the drill pipe often undergoes drilling deformation or collapse after the exit, which makes it difficult for the anchoring agent and the anchor cable to enter the hole, and the anchor cable is self-drilling.
  • the drilling method completely solves the problem of hole collapse; in addition, the water jet drilling requires a small flow rate and can be equipped with a pneumatic pump, which is easy to operate and move.
  • the drilling process does not generate heat, dust, and noise. It is safe to use and has a very Good application prospects, especially suitable for anchor cable construction in coal and rock fractured areas.
  • the present invention has the following technical effects:
  • the water jet technology used in the present invention belongs to the cold cutting technology, and the drilling process does not generate heat, sparks, dust, intrinsically safe, and low noise, and is especially suitable for underground coal mine environments.
  • the present invention saves the process of drilling and retreating the drill rod, and is simple to operate, easy to realize automatic control, equipped with a high-flow high-pressure pump, and connected with multiple branch pipelines to realize simultaneous construction of multiple anchor cables, and construction efficiency Huge improvements.
  • the present invention uses a hollow anchor cable as the drilling tool, which is drilled and pushed to the bottom of the hole at one time. There is no link to withdraw the drill rod or the anchor cable. After the drilling is formed, the anchor cable is always supported and is not affected by the drilling. The influence of deformation and collapse is especially suitable for the construction of anchor cables in coal and rock mass fracture areas.
  • the anchoring agent of the present invention is blown in from the inner hole of the hollow anchor cable, and there is no problem of difficulty in feeding the drug coil anchoring agent.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention during self-drilling operations
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention in which the anchoring agent is blown into the borehole;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the high-pressure nozzle in Fig. 1.
  • the self-drilling and fast anchoring construction method of anchor cable based on water jet technology of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • a section of rigid pipe 4 is coaxially connected to the rear end of the hollow anchor cable 1, and the rigid pipe 4 is installed on the angle-adjustable drilling mechanism;
  • the angle-adjustable drilling mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 6 arranged vertically, the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided with a fixing bracket 7, the upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided with a positioning frame 8, and the upper left of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 6
  • a fixed shaft 9 is provided on the side along the front and rear horizontal direction.
  • a rectangular frame 10 is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft 9.
  • a slideway 11 and a cylinder 12 are provided on the rectangular frame 10 along the front and rear direction.
  • a slide plate 13 is slid on the slideway 11.
  • the back side of the slide plate 13 is provided with an anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism 14.
  • the cylinder 12 is located below the slideway 11.
  • the rear end of the cylinder 12 is hinged on the lower part of the rear side of the rectangular frame 10.
  • a vertical plate 15 is fixed on the left side of the upper part of the cylinder body of the cylinder 6, the fixed shaft 9 passes through the vertical plate 15 vertically, and the vertical plate 15 is arranged vertically and parallel to the slideway 11.
  • the arc-shaped guide hole 16 on the centerline, a positioning bolt 17 is fixed on the right side of the rectangular frame 10, and the right end of the positioning bolt 17 passes through the arc-shaped guide hole 16 on the vertical plate 15 and is crimped with the vertical plate 15 through a nut 18
  • the upper part of the rear side of the rectangular frame 10 is provided with anchor cable rotation guide fixtures 19 corresponding to the front and rear of the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism 14;
  • the cylinder body of the cylinder 6 is fixedly connected, and the arc-shaped guide hole 16 is located on the rear side of the hydraulic cylinder 6.
  • Angle scale, the 0 scale of the angle scale is located at the midpoint of the arc-shaped guide hole 16.
  • the water jet generating device includes a water bucket or mortar mixing barrel 20, a suction pipe 21, a water outlet pipe 22, and a high-pressure clean water pump or mortar pump 23.
  • the outlet of the high-pressure clean water pump or the inlet of the mortar pump 23 is connected, and the outlet of the high-pressure clean water pump or the mortar pump 23 is connected with the inlet of the outlet pipe 22.
  • the high-pressure nozzle 38 includes a nozzle body 24 and a connecting sleeve 25.
  • the inner hole of the connecting sleeve 25 includes a first internal threaded hole on the front side and a second internal threaded hole on the rear side. The diameter of the first internal threaded hole is smaller than that of the second internal threaded hole.
  • the front end of the hollow anchor cable 1 extends into and is screwed into the second internal threaded hole
  • the outer circle of the sprinkler body 24 is provided with external threads
  • the outer circle of the sprinkler body 24 extends in and is threadedly connected in the first internal threaded hole
  • the spray nozzle body 24 is provided with two symmetrical spray holes 26 on the front side
  • the inner rear center of the spray nozzle body 24 is provided with a water hole 27 corresponding to the central hole of the hollow anchor cable 1, and the rear of the two spray holes 26
  • the end communicates with the water-passing hole 27 through a connecting hole 28 opened in the radial direction
  • an inner hexagonal groove 29 is opened in the middle of the front side of the spray head body 24.
  • the inner hexagonal groove 29 is used for driving the nozzle body 24 into or out of the first inner screw hole by using a hexagonal prism wrench.
  • the anchoring agent supply device includes an anchoring agent A material holding barrel 30, an anchoring agent B material holding barrel 31, a compressed air pipeline 32, a first air inlet pipe 33, a second air inlet pipe 34, a first discharge pipe 35, and a second outlet.
  • the feed pipe 36 and the mixing discharge pipe 37, the inlets of the first air inlet pipe 33 and the second air inlet pipe 34 are all connected to the outlet of the air pressure pipe 32, and the outlet of the first air inlet pipe 33 is connected to the anchoring agent A material container 30
  • the outlet of the second air inlet pipe 34 is connected to the top of the anchoring agent B material container 31, the inlet of the first outlet pipe 35 is connected to the lower part of the anchoring agent A material container 30, and the second outlet pipe 36
  • the inlet is connected to the lower part of the anchoring agent B material container 31, the outlet of the first discharge pipe 35 and the outlet of the second discharge pipe 36 are simultaneously connected with the inlet of the mixing discharge pipe 37, and the mixing discharge pipe 37 is provided with There is a regulating valve 39
  • Step (3) The hollow anchor cable 1 is installed on the angle-adjustable drilling mechanism. Specifically, the hollow anchor cable 1 passes through the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism 14 from back to front, and then passes through the anchor cable rotating guide fixture 19 and is The anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism 14 and the anchor cable rotating guide clamp 19 are clamped at the same time, and the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism 14 uses a pneumatic or hydraulic motor to drive the hollow anchor cable 1 to rotate through a gear transmission mechanism.
  • step (4) The specific process of step (4) is to first start the hydraulic cylinder 6, the piston cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder 6 extends upward, the positioning frame 8 presses against the roof of the roadway, fixes the position of the angle adjustable drilling mechanism, and then loosens the front and rear sides.
  • the nut 18 on the side positioning bolt 17 rotates the rectangular frame 10, the rectangular frame 10 rotates with the fixed shaft 9 as the center line, the positioning bolt 17 moves in the arc-shaped guide hole 16, and the direction of drilling is determined by the scale on the angle scale , And then tighten the two nuts 18 to position the rectangular frame 10.
  • step (6) The specific process of step (6) is to start the high-pressure clean water pump or mortar pump 23, the anchor cable clamping rotation mechanism 14 and the cylinder 12, and the high-pressure clean water pump or mortar pump 23 pumps out the clean water or abrasive water in the bucket or mortar mixing barrel 20 It is transported forward through the hollow anchor cable 1 to the high-pressure nozzle 38, and sprayed forward through the two spray holes 26 on the high-pressure nozzle 38 to form a water jet capable of breaking rocks.
  • the cylinder 12 pushes the sliding plate 13 and the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism 14 Moving forward along the slide, the hollow anchor cable 1 rotates at a certain speed while moving forward, and the water jets from the two jet holes 26 perform high-pressure hydraulic drilling on the coal rock wall 3.
  • the mechanism 14 clamps the hollow anchor cable 1, the anchor cable rotation guide clamp 19 loosens the hollow anchor cable 1, and then repeats the air cylinder 12 to drive the slide plate 13 to move forward, and the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism 14 drives the hollow anchor cable 1 to rotate and the hollow anchor
  • the high-pressure nozzle 38 at the front end of the cable 1 sprays a high-pressure water jet to perform hydraulic cutting operations on the coal rock wall 3.
  • step (10) is that the compressed air pipeline 32 uses high-pressure air from underground coal mines, and the high-pressure air in the compressed air pipeline 32 passes through the first air inlet pipe 33 and the second air inlet pipe 34, respectively, to contain the anchoring agent A material.
  • 30 and the anchoring agent in the anchoring agent B material container 31 are pressurized, the anchoring agent A material enters the mixing discharge pipe 37 through the first discharge pipe 35, and the anchoring agent B material enters the mixing through the second discharge pipe 36
  • the material discharge pipe 37, the anchoring agent A material and the anchoring agent B material enter the high-pressure sprinkler 38 forward through the mixing discharge pipe 37 and the hollow anchor cable 1, and are sprayed out through the two injection holes 26 on the high-pressure sprinkler 38.
  • the anchoring agent flows outward along the annular gap between the outer wall of the hollow anchor cable 1 and the inner wall of the borehole at the bottom of the borehole.
  • the anchoring agent A material and the anchoring agent B material fill the annular gap.
  • the clamping and rotating mechanism 14 drives the rigid pipe 4 and the hollow anchor cable 1 to rotate, so that the anchoring agent A material and the anchoring agent B material are mixed more evenly in the borehole; the anchoring agent A material holding barrel 30 and the anchoring agent B material holding barrel 31
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional size is equal to that of anchoring agent A and anchoring agent B. Under the action of the same air pressure, the discharge flow of anchoring agent A and anchoring agent B is injected into the borehole in proportion.
  • the first high-pressure rotary sealing joint 2, the second high-pressure rotary sealing joint 5, the anchor cable clamping and rotating mechanism 14, the anchor cable rotating guide fixture 19, the high-pressure clean water pump, the mortar pump, the air cylinder 12, and the hydraulic cylinder 6 are all
  • the existing mature technology can be purchased on the market, and the specific structure will not be repeated.

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Abstract

基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，包括以下步骤：调整角度可调式钻进机构使中空锚索（1）朝向预设定的钻进方向；将水射流发生装置与中空锚索（1）的后端连接；启动水射流发生装置和角度可调式钻进机构进行钻孔作业；钻孔作业完成后，在中空锚索（1）的后端同轴连接一节刚性管（4），刚性管（4）安装到角度可调式钻进机构上；将锚固剂供料装置的出料口与刚性管（4）的后端连接；启动锚固剂供料装置和角度可调式钻进机构对钻孔内的中空锚索（1）进行锚固作业。

Description

基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于矿业工程技术领域，具体涉及基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法。
背景技术
锚索支护是矿山工程、岩土工程、地下工程等常用的支护技术。锚索的长度长，锚固范围大，与锚杆支护配合使用，已经成为我国煤矿巷道最主要的支护方式。
锚索长度从3～4米到十几米不等，煤矿常用锚索长度在6～10m左右，现有的施工过程为：使用锚索钻机打孔，钻杆长度一般为1m，因此需要使用6～10个钻杆，完成钻孔施工，然后逐个退出钻杆；使用锚索将锚固剂送入钻孔，锚索锚固长度一般为2m左右，使用的锚固剂卷数为4～6个，有时不能一次送入，需要分次将锚索剂送入；最后旋转锚索搅动锚固剂完成锚固粘结，然后加装托盘和锁具完成锚固。单个锚索的施工时间在20～30分钟左右。当锚固区域的煤岩体较破碎或应力较高时，锚索钻孔施工完成退出钻杆后，钻孔会发生变形甚至塌孔，造成锚固剂和锚索送入困难或者废孔。因此，锚索施工工序多，时间长，易塌孔等是现有技术的主要缺点。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种环保、安全、易于操作、施工效率高的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，包括以下步骤，
(1)在指定的锚索支护施工地点的后侧设置角度可调式钻进机构，在角度可调式钻进机构的后侧设置水射流发生装置和锚固剂供料装置；
(2)在中空锚索的前端安装上高压喷头；
(3)将中空锚索安装到角度可调式钻进机构上；
(4)调整角度可调式钻进机构使中空锚索的朝向预设定的钻进方向，然后将角度可调式钻进机构的角度定位；
(5)将水射流发生装置的出水管的出水口与中空锚索的后端通过第一高压旋转密封接 头连接；
(6)启动水射流发生装置和角度可调式钻进机构对前侧的煤岩壁进行钻孔作业；
(7)直到中空锚索的后端预留有一节在钻孔的孔外时，关闭水射流发生装置和角度可调式钻进机构，将第一高压旋转密封接头拆卸；
(8)中空锚索的后端同轴向连接上一节刚性管，刚性管安装到角度可调式钻进机构上；
(9)将锚固剂供料装置的出料口与刚性管的后端通过第二高压旋转密封接头连接；
(10)启动锚固剂供料装置和角度可调式钻进机构对钻孔内的中空锚索进形锚固作业；
(11)钻孔的孔口处溢出锚固剂后，关闭锚固剂供料装置和角度可调式钻进机构；
(12)锚固剂注入一定量并在中空锚索旋转下搅拌混合后，在中空锚索的后端部安装锚索托盘和索具，将中空锚索预紧，完成中空锚索的锚固施工作业。
角度可调式钻进机构包括竖向设置一根液压缸,液压缸的缸体下端设有固定支架,液压缸的活塞杆上端设有定位架,液压缸的缸体上部左侧沿前后水平设有一根固定轴，固定轴上转动连接有一个矩形框架，矩形框架上沿前后方向设有滑道和气缸，滑道上滑动设有滑板，滑板后侧设有锚索夹持旋转机构，气缸位于滑道下方，气缸的后端铰接在矩形框架后侧下部，气缸的前端通过连接座与滑板底部连接，液压缸的缸体上部左侧固定设有一块立板，固定轴垂直穿过立板，立板竖向设置且平行于滑道，立板上开设有以固定轴为中心线的弧形导孔，矩形框架右侧部设有一个定位螺栓，定位螺栓右端穿过立板上的弧形导孔并通过螺母立板压接配合；矩形框架后侧上部设有与锚索夹持旋转机构前后对应的锚索旋转导向夹具；
立板为半圆形结构，立板的直线段边竖向设置并与液压缸的缸体固定连接，弧形导孔位于液压缸的后侧，立板右侧面沿弧形导孔的长度方向设有角度刻度尺，角度刻度尺的0刻度位于弧形导孔的中点处。
水射流发生装置包括水桶或砂浆搅拌桶、抽水管、出水管以及高压清水泵或砂浆泵，抽水管的进口伸入到水桶或砂浆搅拌桶的液面下，抽水管的出口与高压清水泵或砂浆泵的进口连接，高压清水泵或砂浆泵的出口与出水管的进口连接。
高压喷头包括喷头本体和连接套，连接套的内孔包括前侧的第一内螺纹孔和后侧的第二内螺纹孔，第一内螺纹孔的孔径小于第二内螺纹孔的孔径，中空锚索的前端伸入并螺纹连接到第二内螺纹孔内，喷头本体外圆设置有外螺纹，喷头本体的外圆伸入并螺纹连接在第一内螺纹孔内，喷头本体内前侧设有两个中心对称的喷射孔，喷头本体内部后侧中心处开设有与中空锚索的中心孔对应的过水孔，两个喷射孔的后端通过径向开设 的连接孔与过水孔连通，喷头本体前侧中部开设有内六方槽。
锚固剂供料装置包括锚固剂A料盛装桶、锚固剂B料盛装桶、压风管路、第一进气管、第二进气管、第一出料管、第二出料管和混料出料管，第一进气管和第二进气管的进口均与压风管路的出口连接，第一进气管的出口与锚固剂A料盛装桶的顶部连接，第二进气管的出口与锚固剂B料盛装桶的顶部连接，第一出料管的进口与锚固剂A料盛装桶的下部连接，第二出料管的进口与锚固剂B料盛装桶的下部连接，第一出料管的出口和第二出料管的出口同时与混料出料管的进口连接，混料出料管上设有调节阀，锚固剂A料盛装桶和锚固剂B料盛装桶均为圆柱形桶状结构。
步骤(3)中中空锚索安装到角度可调式钻进机构上具体是将中空锚索由后向前穿过锚索夹持旋转机构后再穿过锚索旋转导向夹具并被锚索夹持旋转机构和锚索旋转导向夹具同时夹紧，锚索夹持旋转机构采用风动或液压马达通过齿轮传动机构带动中空锚索旋转。
步骤(4)的具体过程为，先启动液压缸，液压缸的活塞缸向上伸长，定位架顶压巷道顶板，将角度可调式钻进机构的位置固定，然后拧松前侧和后侧定位螺栓上的螺母，转动矩形框架，矩形框架以固定轴为中心线转动，定位螺栓在弧形导孔内移动，通过角度刻度尺上的刻度确定钻进的方向，然后拧紧两个螺母使矩形框架定位。
步骤(6)的具体过程为，启动高压清水泵或砂浆泵、锚索夹持旋转机构和气缸，高压清水泵或砂浆泵将水桶或砂浆搅拌桶内的清水或磨料水抽出通过中空锚索向前输送到高压喷头，经过高压喷头上的两个喷射孔向前喷出，形成能破岩的水射流，气缸推动滑板、锚索夹持旋转机构沿滑道向前移动，中空锚索在向前移动的同时以一定速度旋转，两个喷射孔向前喷出的水射流对煤岩壁进行高压水力钻孔，煤屑、岩屑通过钻孔与中空锚索之间的环形减小从孔口流出，气缸的活塞杆伸出的行程达到最大时，气缸停止伸长，锚索夹持旋转机构松开中空锚索，锚索旋转导向夹具夹紧中空锚索，气缸的活塞杆收缩，驱动滑板和锚索夹持旋转机构向后移动，向后移动到初始位置时，锚索夹持旋转机构夹持住中空锚索，锚索旋转导向夹具松开中空锚索，然后重复气缸驱动滑板向前移动、锚索夹持旋转机构驱动中空锚索旋转、中空锚索前端的高压喷头喷出高压水射流对煤岩壁进行水力切割作业这个过程，气缸的活塞杆伸出的行程达到最大时，气缸的活塞杆再缩回，如此多次循环操作，直到将中空锚索大部分进入到钻孔内，钻孔外的中空锚索长度有10-15cm后关闭高压清水泵或砂浆泵、气缸和锚索夹持旋转机构。
步骤(10)的具体过程为，压风管路使用煤矿井下的高压风，压风管路中的高压 风通过第一进气管和第二进气管分别对锚固剂A料盛装桶和锚固剂B料盛装桶内的锚固剂施压，锚固剂A料通过第一出料管进入到混料出料管，锚固剂B料通过第二出料管进入到混料出料管，锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料经混料出料管、中空锚索向前进入高压喷头，经高压喷头上的两个喷射孔喷出，流出的锚固剂又在钻孔的孔底沿着中空锚索外壁与钻孔内壁的环形间隙向外流动，锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料将环形间隙充填，在锚固剂注入过程中，锚索夹持旋转机构驱动刚性管和中空锚索旋转，以使锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料在钻孔内混合更加均匀；锚固剂A料盛装桶和锚固剂B料盛装桶的断面尺寸的比例与锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料的配比比例相等，在相同气压的作用下，使锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料的出料流量按设定的比例注入到钻孔内。
采用上述技术方案，根据具体锚索锚固煤岩体的强度和岩性选择使用纯水射流或磨料水射流，煤或软弱岩体使用纯水射流，直接使用高压清水泵做为动力；中硬或坚硬岩体使用磨料水射流，使用砂浆泵做为动力。
水射流发生装置能够产生高压水射流或高压磨料水射流，用管路输送到中空锚索，经中空锚索内孔从高压喷头喷出，以两根液压立柱(液压缸)为主体的角度可调式钻进机构可先对钻进的方向进行调节并固定，带动中空锚索旋转和向前推进，高压喷头喷出的高压水射流实现对煤岩体的旋转破岩，从而实现了中空锚索的自钻进。中空锚索钻进后，利用井下压风管道将锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料压送到中空锚索内孔并经高压喷头流出，充满锚固段钻孔内壁和中空锚索间隙，中空锚索继续旋转实现对锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料的搅拌混合，从而实现了中空锚索的快速锚固。此方法实现了中空锚索的自钻进和快速锚固，将现有锚索施工的钻杆分段钻进、分段退钻杆、推入锚固剂(必要时还要二次推入)、锚索锚固等复杂工序简化为锚索自钻进、锚固剂吹入、锚索锚固三个工序，减少了钻杆分段钻入、分段退杆及锚固剂推送的环节，大大节省了锚索施工时间，提高了施工效率；在煤岩体破碎的区域，钻杆退出后常常会发生钻孔变形或塌孔，造成锚固剂和锚索进入困难甚至直接成为废孔，而锚索自钻进方法则彻底解决了塌孔问题；另外，水射流钻进需要的流量小，可以配备风动泵，操作和移动方便，钻进过程不生热、无粉尘、噪音小，使用安全，具有很好的应用前景，特别适用于煤岩破碎区域的锚索施工。
综上所述，本发明具有以下技术效果：
(1)本发明使用的水射流技术属于冷切割技术，钻进过程不生热、无火花、无粉尘、本质安全、噪音小，特别适用于煤矿井下环境。
(2)本发明节省了钻杆钻进及退杆的工序，且操作简单，易于实现自动化控制，配备大流量的高压泵，连接多分支管路还可以实现多个锚索的同时施工，施工效率大大提升。
(3)本发明采用中空锚索做为钻具，一次钻进并推送到孔底，不存在退钻杆或退锚索的环节，钻孔成形后，一直有锚索支撑，不受钻孔变形及塌落的影响，特别适用于煤岩体破碎区域锚索施工。
(4)本发明的锚固剂从中空锚索内孔吹入，不存在药卷锚固剂送入难的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明在自钻进作业时的结构示意图；
图2是本发明在锚固剂吹入钻孔内的结构示意图；
图3是图1中高压喷头的放大图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1、图2和图3所示，本发明的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，包括以下步骤，
(1)在指定的锚索支护施工地点的后侧设置角度可调式钻进机构，在角度可调式钻进机构的后侧设置水射流发生装置和锚固剂供料装置；
(2)在中空锚索1的前端安装上高压喷头38；
(3)将中空锚索1安装到角度可调式钻进机构上；
(4)调整角度可调式钻进机构使中空锚索1的朝向预设定的钻进方向，然后将角度可调式钻进机构的角度定位；
(5)将水射流发生装置的出水管的出水口与中空锚索1的后端通过第一高压旋转密封接头2连接；
(6)启动水射流发生装置和角度可调式钻进机构对前侧的煤岩壁3进行钻孔作业；
(7)直到中空锚索1的后端预留有一节在钻孔的孔外时，关闭水射流发生装置和角度可调式钻进机构，将第一高压旋转密封接头2拆卸；
(8)在中空锚索1的后端同轴向连接上一节刚性管4，刚性管4安装到角度可调式钻进 机构上；
(9)将锚固剂供料装置的出料口与刚性管4的后端通过第二高压旋转密封接头5连接；
(10)启动锚固剂供料装置和角度可调式钻进机构对钻孔内的中空锚索1进形锚固作业；
(11)锚固剂注入一定量并在中空锚索1旋转下搅拌混合后，关闭锚固剂供料装置和角度可调式钻进机构；
(12)锚固剂凝固后，在中空锚索1的后端部安装锚索托盘和索具，将中空锚索1预紧，完成中空锚索1的锚固施工作业。
角度可调式钻进机构包括竖向设置一根液压缸6，液压缸6的缸体下端设有固定支架7,液压缸6的活塞杆上端设有定位架8,液压缸6的缸体上部左侧沿前后水平方向设有一根固定轴9，固定轴9上转动连接有一个矩形框架10，矩形框架10上沿前后方向设有滑道11和气缸12，滑道11上滑动设有滑板13，滑板13后侧设有锚索夹持旋转机构14，气缸12位于滑道11下方，气缸12的后端铰接在矩形框架10后侧下部，气缸12的前端通过连接座与滑板13底部连接，液压缸6的缸体上部左侧固定设有一块立板15，固定轴9垂直穿过立板15，立板15竖向设置且平行于滑道11，立板15上开设有以固定轴9为中心线的弧形导孔16，矩形框架10右侧部固定设有一个定位螺栓17，定位螺栓17右端穿过立板15上的弧形导孔16与并通过螺母18与立板15压接配合；矩形框架10后侧上部设有与锚索夹持旋转机构14前后对应的锚索旋转导向夹具19；立板15为半圆形结构，立板15的直线段边竖向设置并与液压缸6的缸体固定连接，弧形导孔16位于液压缸6的后侧，前侧立板15的前侧面和后侧立板15的后侧面均沿弧形导孔16的长度方向设有角度刻度尺，角度刻度尺的0刻度位于弧形导孔16的中点处。
水射流发生装置包括水桶或砂浆搅拌桶20、抽水管21、出水管22以及高压清水泵或砂浆泵23，抽水管21的进口伸入到水桶或砂浆搅拌桶20的液面下，抽水管21的出口与高压清水泵或砂浆泵23的进口连接，高压清水泵或砂浆泵23的出口与出水管22的进口连接。
高压喷头38包括喷头本体24和连接套25，连接套25的内孔包括前侧的第一内螺纹孔和后侧的第二内螺纹孔，第一内螺纹孔的孔径小于第二内螺纹孔的孔径，中空锚索1的前端伸入并螺纹连接到第二内螺纹孔内，喷头本体24外圆设置有外螺纹，喷头本体24的外圆伸入并螺纹连接在第一内螺纹孔内，喷头本体24内前侧设有两个中心对称的喷射孔26，喷头本体24内部后侧中心处开设有与中空锚索1的中心孔对应的过水孔27，两个喷射孔26的后端通过径向开设的连接孔28与过水孔27连通，喷头本体24 前侧中部开设有内六方槽29。内六方槽29用于使用六棱柱扳手驱动喷头本体24旋入或旋出第一内螺孔内。
锚固剂供料装置包括锚固剂A料盛装桶30、锚固剂B料盛装桶31、压风管路32、第一进气管33、第二进气管34、第一出料管35、第二出料管36和混料出料管37，第一进气管33和第二进气管34的进口均与压风管路32的出口连接，第一进气管33的出口与锚固剂A料盛装桶30的顶部连接，第二进气管34的出口与锚固剂B料盛装桶31的顶部连接，第一出料管35的进口与锚固剂A料盛装桶30的下部连接，第二出料管36的进口与锚固剂B料盛装桶31的下部连接，第一出料管35的出口和第二出料管36的出口同时与混料出料管37的进口连接，混料出料管37上设有调节阀39，锚固剂A料盛装桶30和锚固剂B料盛装桶31均为圆柱形桶状结构。
步骤(3)中中空锚索1安装到角度可调式钻进机构上具体是将中空锚索1由后向前穿过锚索夹持旋转机构14后再穿过锚索旋转导向夹具19并被锚索夹持旋转机构14和锚索旋转导向夹具19同时夹紧，锚索夹持旋转机构14采用风动或液压马达通过齿轮传动机构带动中空锚索1旋转。
步骤(4)的具体过程为，先启动液压缸6，液压缸6的活塞缸向上伸长，定位架8顶压巷道顶板，将角度可调式钻进机构的位置固定，然后拧松前侧和后侧定位螺栓17上的螺母18，转动矩形框架10，矩形框架10以固定轴9为中心线转动，定位螺栓17在弧形导孔16内移动，通过角度刻度尺上的刻度确定钻进的方向，然后拧紧两个螺母18使矩形框架10定位。
步骤(6)的具体过程为，启动高压清水泵或砂浆泵23、锚索夹持旋转机构14和气缸12，高压清水泵或砂浆泵23将水桶或砂浆搅拌桶20内的清水或磨料水抽出通过中空锚索1向前输送到高压喷头38，经过高压喷头38上的两个喷射孔26向前喷出，形成能破岩的水射流，气缸12推动滑板13、锚索夹持旋转机构14沿滑道向前移动，中空锚索1在向前移动的同时以一定速度旋转，两个喷射孔26向前喷出的水射流对煤岩壁3进行高压水力钻孔，煤屑、岩屑通过钻孔与中空锚索1之间的环形减小从孔口流出，气缸12的活塞杆伸出的行程达到最大时，气缸12停止伸长，锚索夹持旋转机构14松开中空锚索1，锚索旋转导向夹具19夹紧中空锚索1，气缸12的活塞杆收缩，驱动滑板13和锚索夹持旋转机构14向后移动，向后移动到初始位置时，锚索夹持旋转机构14夹持住中空锚索1，锚索旋转导向夹具19松开中空锚索1，然后重复气缸12驱动滑板13向前移动、锚索夹持旋转机构14驱动中空锚索1旋转、中空锚索1前端的高压喷头 38喷出高压水射流对煤岩壁3进行水力切割作业这个过程，气缸12的活塞杆伸出的行程达到最大时，气缸12的活塞杆再缩回，如此多次循环操作，直到将中空锚索1大部分进入到钻孔内，钻孔外的中空锚索1长度有10-15cm后关闭高压清水泵或砂浆泵23、气缸12和锚索夹持旋转机构14。
步骤(10)的具体过程为，压风管路32使用煤矿井下的高压风，压风管路32中的高压风通过第一进气管33和第二进气管34分别对锚固剂A料盛装桶30和锚固剂B料盛装桶31内的锚固剂施压，锚固剂A料通过第一出料管35进入到混料出料管37，锚固剂B料通过第二出料管36进入到混料出料管37，锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料经混料出料管37、中空锚索1向前进入高压喷头38，经高压喷头38上的两个喷射孔26喷出，流出的锚固剂又在钻孔的孔底沿着中空锚索1外壁与钻孔内壁的环形间隙向外流动，锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料将环形间隙充填，在锚固剂注入过程中，锚索夹持旋转机构14驱动刚性管4和中空锚索1旋转，以使锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料在钻孔内混合更加均匀；锚固剂A料盛装桶30和锚固剂B料盛装桶31的断面尺寸的比例与锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料的配比比例相等，在相同气压的作用下，使锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料的出料流量按比例注入到钻孔内。
本发明中的第一高压旋转密封接头2、第二高压旋转密封接头5、锚索夹持旋转机构14、锚索旋转导向夹具19、高压清水泵、砂浆泵、气缸12、液压缸6均为现有成熟技术，市场上均可购置，具体构造不再赘述。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，
    (1)在指定的锚索支护施工地点的后侧设置角度可调式钻进机构，在角度可调式钻进机构的后侧设置水射流发生装置和锚固剂供料装置；
    (2)在中空锚索的前端安装上高压喷头；
    (3)将中空锚索安装到角度可调式钻进机构上；
    (4)调整角度可调式钻进机构使中空锚索的朝向预设定的钻进方向，然后将角度可调式钻进机构的角度定位；
    (5)将水射流发生装置的出水管的出水口与中空锚索的后端通过第一高压旋转密封接头连接；
    (6)启动水射流发生装置和角度可调式钻进机构对前侧的煤岩壁进行钻孔作业；
    (7)直到中空锚索的后端预留有一节在钻孔的孔外时，关闭水射流发生装置和角度可调式钻进机构，将第一高压旋转密封接头拆卸；
    (8)中空锚索的后端同轴向连接上一节刚性管，刚性管安装到角度可调式钻进机构上；
    (9)将锚固剂供料装置的出料口与刚性管的后端通过第二高压旋转密封接头连接；
    (10)启动锚固剂供料装置和角度可调式钻进机构对钻孔内的中空锚索进形锚固作业；
    (11)钻孔的孔口处溢出锚固剂后，关闭锚固剂供料装置和角度可调式钻进机构；
    (12)锚固剂注入一定量并在中空锚索旋转下搅拌混合后，在中空锚索的后端部安装锚索托盘和索具，将中空锚索预紧，完成中空锚索的锚固施工作业。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，其特征在于：角度可调式钻进机构包括竖向设置一根液压缸,液压缸的缸体下端设有固定支架,液压缸的活塞杆上端设有定位架,液压缸的缸体上部左侧沿前后水平设有一根固定轴，固定轴上转动连接有一个矩形框架，矩形框架上沿前后方向设有滑道和气缸，滑道上滑动设有滑板，滑板后侧设有锚索夹持旋转机构，气缸位于滑道下方，气缸的后端铰接在矩形框架后侧下部，气缸的前端通过连接座与滑板底部连接，液压缸的缸体上部左侧固定设有一块立板，固定轴垂直穿过立板，立板竖向设置且平行于滑道，立板上开设有以固定轴为中心线的弧形导孔，矩形框架右侧部设有一个定位螺栓，定位螺栓右端穿过立板上的弧形导孔并通过螺母立板压接配合；矩形框架后侧上部设有与锚索夹持旋转机构前后对应的锚索旋转导向夹具；
    立板为半圆形结构，立板的直线段边竖向设置并与液压缸的缸体固定连接，弧形导孔位 于液压缸的后侧，立板右侧面沿弧形导孔的长度方向设有角度刻度尺，角度刻度尺的0刻度位于弧形导孔的中点处。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，其特征在于：水射流发生装置包括水桶或砂浆搅拌桶、抽水管、出水管以及高压清水泵或砂浆泵，抽水管的进口伸入到水桶或砂浆搅拌桶的液面下，抽水管的出口与高压清水泵或砂浆泵的进口连接，高压清水泵或砂浆泵的出口与出水管的进口连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，其特征在于：高压喷头包括喷头本体和连接套，连接套的内孔包括前侧的第一内螺纹孔和后侧的第二内螺纹孔，第一内螺纹孔的孔径小于第二内螺纹孔的孔径，中空锚索的前端伸入并螺纹连接到第二内螺纹孔内，喷头本体外圆设置有外螺纹，喷头本体的外圆伸入并螺纹连接在第一内螺纹孔内，喷头本体内前侧设有两个中心对称的喷射孔，喷头本体内部后侧中心处开设有与中空锚索的中心孔对应的过水孔，两个喷射孔的后端通过径向开设的连接孔与过水孔连通，喷头本体前侧中部开设有内六方槽。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，其特征在于：锚固剂供料装置包括锚固剂A料盛装桶、锚固剂B料盛装桶、压风管路、第一进气管、第二进气管、第一出料管、第二出料管和混料出料管，第一进气管和第二进气管的进口均与压风管路的出口连接，第一进气管的出口与锚固剂A料盛装桶的顶部连接，第二进气管的出口与锚固剂B料盛装桶的顶部连接，第一出料管的进口与锚固剂A料盛装桶的下部连接，第二出料管的进口与锚固剂B料盛装桶的下部连接，第一出料管的出口和第二出料管的出口同时与混料出料管的进口连接，混料出料管上设有调节阀，锚固剂A料盛装桶和锚固剂B料盛装桶均为圆柱形桶状结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中中空锚索安装到角度可调式钻进机构上具体是将中空锚索由后向前穿过锚索夹持旋转机构后再穿过锚索旋转导向夹具并被锚索夹持旋转机构和锚索旋转导向夹具同时夹紧，锚索夹持旋转机构采用风动或液压马达通过齿轮传动机构带动中空锚索旋转。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)的具体过程为，先启动液压缸，液压缸的活塞缸向上伸长，定位架顶压巷道顶板，将角度可调式钻进机构的位置固定，然后拧松前侧和后侧定位螺栓上的螺母，转动矩形框架，矩形框架以固定轴为中心线转动，定位螺栓在弧形导孔内移动，通过角 度刻度尺上的刻度确定钻进的方向，然后拧紧两个螺母使矩形框架定位。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，其特征在于：步骤(6)的具体过程为，启动高压清水泵或砂浆泵、锚索夹持旋转机构和气缸，高压清水泵或砂浆泵将水桶或砂浆搅拌桶内的清水或磨料水抽出通过中空锚索向前输送到高压喷头，经过高压喷头上的两个喷射孔向前喷出，形成能破岩的水射流，气缸推动滑板、锚索夹持旋转机构沿滑道向前移动，中空锚索在向前移动的同时以一定速度旋转，两个喷射孔向前喷出的水射流对煤岩壁进行高压水力钻孔，煤屑、岩屑通过钻孔与中空锚索之间的环形减小从孔口流出，气缸的活塞杆伸出的行程达到最大时，气缸停止伸长，锚索夹持旋转机构松开中空锚索，锚索旋转导向夹具夹紧中空锚索，气缸的活塞杆收缩，驱动滑板和锚索夹持旋转机构向后移动，向后移动到初始位置时，锚索夹持旋转机构夹持住中空锚索，锚索旋转导向夹具松开中空锚索，然后重复气缸驱动滑板向前移动、锚索夹持旋转机构驱动中空锚索旋转、中空锚索前端的高压喷头喷出高压水射流对煤岩壁进行水力切割作业这个过程，气缸的活塞杆伸出的行程达到最大时，气缸的活塞杆再缩回，如此多次循环操作，直到将中空锚索大部分进入到钻孔内，钻孔外的中空锚索长度有10-15cm后关闭高压清水泵或砂浆泵、气缸和锚索夹持旋转机构。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的基于水射流技术的锚索自钻进及快速锚固施工方法，其特征在于：步骤(10)的具体过程为，压风管路使用煤矿井下的高压风，压风管路中的高压风通过第一进气管和第二进气管分别对锚固剂A料盛装桶和锚固剂B料盛装桶内的锚固剂施压，锚固剂A料通过第一出料管进入到混料出料管，锚固剂B料通过第二出料管进入到混料出料管，锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料经混料出料管、中空锚索向前进入高压喷头，经高压喷头上的两个喷射孔喷出，流出的锚固剂又在钻孔的孔底沿着中空锚索外壁与钻孔内壁的环形间隙向外流动，锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料将环形间隙充填，在锚固剂注入过程中，锚索夹持旋转机构驱动刚性管和中空锚索旋转，以使锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料在钻孔内混合更加均匀；锚固剂A料盛装桶和锚固剂B料盛装桶的断面尺寸的比例与锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料的配比比例相等，在相同气压的作用下，使锚固剂A料和锚固剂B料的出料流量按设定的比例注入到钻孔内。
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