WO2022233119A1 - 煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置及方法 - Google Patents

煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022233119A1
WO2022233119A1 PCT/CN2021/130616 CN2021130616W WO2022233119A1 WO 2022233119 A1 WO2022233119 A1 WO 2022233119A1 CN 2021130616 W CN2021130616 W CN 2021130616W WO 2022233119 A1 WO2022233119 A1 WO 2022233119A1
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Prior art keywords
pipe
anchor
anchoring
anchoring agent
anchor pipe
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PCT/CN2021/130616
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁瑞甫
李化敏
童景琳
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河南理工大学
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Application filed by 河南理工大学 filed Critical 河南理工大学
Publication of WO2022233119A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022233119A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0093—Accessories

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to a self-drilling injection type anchor pipe anchoring device and method for coal mines.
  • the anchor net cable with the anchor rod as the main body is the most commonly used support technology for underground tunnels in coal mines, accounting for more than 90%. Millions of bolts are constructed every year, so it is of great significance to improve the construction efficiency of bolts.
  • the length of the anchor rod is generally about 2m, which is mainly used for the anchorage of the roadway roof and the two gangs.
  • the current construction process is: use the anchor rod drill or the drill arm of the anchor digger to make holes.
  • the length of the drill rod is generally 1.0 ⁇ 2.0m, so the general Anchor rod drilling needs to use 1 ⁇ 3 drill rods to complete the drilling construction, and then withdraw the drill rods one by one; send the anchoring agent into the hole, use the drill to push the anchor rod to push the anchoring agent into the bottom of the hole, rotate and stir, and the anchoring agent After solidification, the tray is then added and the screws are rotated and tightened to complete the anchoring.
  • the construction time of a single bolt is about 5 to 10 minutes.
  • the present invention provides a self-drilling injection type anchor pipe anchoring device and method for coal mines with simple operation, few construction procedures, high efficiency and good anchoring effect.
  • a self-drilling injection type anchor pipe anchoring device for coal mines including an anchor pipe, a disposable drill bit, a tray, a nut, an anchoring agent A material grouting component, and an anchoring agent B material injection.
  • the disposable drill bit is coaxially installed at the front end of the anchor pipe, the disposable drill bit and the anchor pipe extend into the borehole, the rear end of the anchor pipe extends out of the borehole, and the tray is sleeved on the anchor pipe
  • the nut is threadedly connected to the rear end of the anchor tube, and the rear end of the nut is crimped to the front end of the tray.
  • the disposable drill bit and the anchor tube are provided with a front and rear transparent grouting center channel, and the slurry mixing tee joint has an outlet end and Two inlet ends, the outlet end of the slurry mixing tee joint is connected with the rear port of the anchor pipe, and the two inlet ends of the slurry mixing tee joint are respectively connected with the grouting component of anchoring agent A material and the grouting component of anchoring agent B material. Outlet connection.
  • the rear end of the disposable drill bit extends into and is screwed into the front port of the anchor pipe; the rear end of the anchor pipe is a first outer hexagonal structure on the rear side of the external thread.
  • the slurry mixing tee joint includes a first feed pipe, a second feed pipe and a discharge pipe.
  • the outlet end of the first feed pipe, the outlet end of the second feed pipe and the inlet end of the discharge pipe are connected to form a Y type structure, the outlet end of the first feeding pipe and the second feeding pipe are symmetrical about the center line of the discharging pipe, the angle between the outlet end of the first feeding pipe and the second feeding pipe is an acute angle, and the inside of the inlet end of the discharging pipe
  • There is a first orifice plate and the first orifice plate is provided with a number of first feeding holes, and the connection between the outlet end of the first feeding pipe and the outlet end of the second feeding pipe is perpendicular and connected to the first orifice plate.
  • the second orifice plate, the second orifice plate is provided with a number of second feeding holes, the discharge end of the discharge pipe extends into and is screwed into the rear port of the anchor pipe;
  • the center line of the feed hole is parallel to the center line of the first feed pipe, and the center line of the first feed hole communicated with the second feed pipe is parallel to the center line of the second feed pipe.
  • the anchoring agent A material grouting component includes the anchoring agent A material barrel and the A material grouting pump.
  • the anchoring agent A material barrel is connected to the feeding port of the first feeding pipe of the slurry mixing tee joint through the A material injection pipe.
  • a The material grouting pump is arranged on the A material injection pipe.
  • the anchoring agent B material grouting component includes the anchoring agent B material bucket and the B material grouting pump.
  • the anchoring agent B material bucket is connected to the feed port of the second feed pipe of the slurry mixing tee joint through the B material injection pipe.
  • B The material grouting pump is arranged on the B material injection pipe.
  • An anchoring method for a self-drilling injection type anchor pipe anchoring device for coal mines comprising the following steps:
  • the A material grouting pump injects the A material in the anchoring agent A material bucket into the drill.
  • the B material grouting pump injects the B material in the anchoring agent B material bucket into the bottom of the hole, and stops the A material grouting pump and the B material grouting pump when the injection amount of the anchoring agent reaches the set amount;
  • step (1) install the tray and nuts on the anchor pipe before drilling, use the first spline converter to connect with the drilling rig or the rotating mechanism of the drill arm, apply torque to the anchor pipe, and complete the anchor pipe drilling
  • One end of the first spline converter is the second outer hexagonal structure connected to the drilling rig or drill arm rotating mechanism, and the hole wall of the inner hole of the other end of the first spline converter is provided with first spline inner teeth
  • the first outer hexagonal structure at the rear end of the anchor pipe is inserted into the inner hole of the first spline converter and engages with the first spline inner teeth to transmit torque.
  • step (3) the flow rate of the A material grouting pump and the B material grouting pump is determined according to the ratio of the specific type of anchoring agent, or the proportional double-liquid grouting pump is directly used to realize the ratio of A and B materials;
  • step (3) material A and material B are preliminarily mixed when passing through the slurry mixing tee joint.
  • the feeding hole enters the second feeding pipe to mix with material B, and a part of material B in the second feeding pipe enters the first feeding pipe through the second feeding hole on the second orifice plate to mix with material A;
  • a Material and B material enter the discharge pipe through the first material feeding hole on the first orifice plate. Due to the inclined setting of the first material feeding hole, A material and B material are also carried out in the discharge pipe after passing through the first feeding hole. After a certain amount of mixing, finally enter the hole bottom of the drilled hole from the front port of the disposable drill bit through the grouting center channel, and then fill the annular cavity between the disposable drill bit, the drill pipe and the inner wall of the drill hole.
  • step (5) the first spline converter used in step (1) is also used to drive the rotation of the anchor pipe by using the rock bolt drill or the drill arm.
  • step (6) the nut is tightened to the design torque, and the second spline converter is used as the torque transmission member.
  • the second spline converter is a rod-shaped structure with a transparent inner hole in the center.
  • the second spline converter One end is the third outer hexagonal structure connecting the drilling rig or drill arm rotating mechanism, the hole wall of the other end of the inner hole of the second spline converter is provided with the second spline inner teeth, and the first outer hexagonal structure at the rear end of the anchor pipe Protruding into the inner hole of the second spline converter, the inner teeth of the second spline are engaged with the outer hexagon of the nut, and the drilling rig or drill arm rotating mechanism drives the nut to rotate to apply pre-tightening force through the second spline converter.
  • the anchoring agent A material grouting component and the anchoring agent B material grouting component respectively inject the anchoring agent material A and material B into the inner hole of the anchor pipe and flow out through the inner hole of the disposable drill bit.
  • material A and material B are preliminarily mixed, filling the annular gap between the inner wall of the anchored hole and the outer circle of the anchor pipe, and the anchor pipe is driven to continue to rotate by the first spline converter to realize the adjustment of the anchoring agent.
  • the invention changes the commonly used anchor rods in coal mines into hollow structure anchor pipes, realizes the self-drilling and fast anchoring of the anchor pipes used in coal mines, and drills the drill rods used in the existing anchor rod construction in sections, withdraws the drill rods in sections,
  • the complex procedures such as pushing in the anchoring agent (re-inserting if necessary) and tightening the anchoring are simplified into three procedures: self-drilling of the anchor pipe, injection of the anchoring agent, and tightening the anchoring, which reduces the drilling and retreating of the drill pipe in sections.
  • the link of pushing the rod and anchoring agent greatly saves the construction time of the anchor and improves the construction efficiency; in the area where the coal and rock mass is broken, the drilling deformation or collapse of the drill pipe often occurs after the drill pipe is withdrawn, causing the anchoring agent and the anchor rod to enter. Difficulties even directly become waste holes, and the self-drilling method of the anchor pipe completely solves the problem of hole collapse; in addition, the key problem of the current intelligent anchoring technology is automatic anchoring.
  • the use of self-drilling injection anchoring avoids the need for anchoring agents,
  • the problem of automatic alignment of the rod and automatic push-in of the rod by mechanical means provides technical support for the realization of automatic anchoring technology, and has broad application prospects.
  • water jet drilling or mechanical drilling rigs are selected according to the strength and lithology of the surrounding rock of the specific roadway.
  • coal or soft rock masses are drilled with mechanical drilling rigs, and rock masses with medium hardness and above use water jet drilling or abrasive water.
  • the abrasive water jet generating device uses the technical support of the patent (ZL201920842666.X) and the water jet drilling uses the technical support of the patent (ZL202020789824.2). Therefore, the specific method of the water jet self-drilling technology belongs to the prior art and will not be repeated here.
  • the water jet generating device can generate high-pressure water jet or high-pressure abrasive water jet, which is transported to the hollow anchor pipe by pipeline, and ejected from the nozzle through the inner hole of the anchor pipe, and the drill arm of the anchor pipe is used to push the anchor pipe forward.
  • the high-pressure water jet realizes the rotary rock breaking of the coal and rock mass or the mechanical drill bit, thus realizing the self-drilling of the anchor pipe (that is, the anchor pipe replaces the drill pipe).
  • the present invention only describes the mechanical self-drilling method and the injection anchoring technology.
  • the present invention uses a hollow anchor tube instead of an anchor rod, which is used as a drill rod in the drilling process, using water jet drilling technology or mechanical disposable drill bit drilling; using injection method to inject anchoring agent from the inner hole of the anchor tube into the drill rod.
  • the bottom of the drilled hole realizes the self-drilling and fast anchoring of the anchor pipe.
  • the anchor pipe of the present invention is used as a drilling tool, which is drilled and pushed to the bottom of the hole at one time, and there is no link to withdraw the drill rod or the anchor rod.
  • the impact of slump is especially suitable for anchoring construction in the broken area of coal and rock mass.
  • the anchoring agent of the present invention is injected into the drilled hole from the inner hole of the anchor tube, and there is no problem of difficulty in feeding the anchoring agent in the coil.
  • the anchor pipe is basically concentric with the drill hole in the drill hole, and it is not easy to be eccentric.
  • the thickness of the resin ring formed after the injection of the anchoring agent is uniform, and the anchoring effect is good. it is good.
  • the slurry mixing tee joint plays the role of collecting and preliminarily mixing A material and B material, reducing the stirring time of the anchor pipe and improving the mixing effect of the anchoring agent.
  • the process of the invention is simple, the operation is flexible, and the construction efficiency is high, and it is especially suitable as one of the key technologies. It is used in the automation of underground coal mines or the construction of intelligent bolts (pipes) in conjunction with the intelligent bolt-digging integrated machine. Good promotion and application value.
  • Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the outline structure schematic diagram of the anchor pipe, the tray and the nut in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the axial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the anchor pipe, the tray and the nut;
  • Fig. 4 is the axial sectional view of the slurry mixing tee joint in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the first spline converter
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the second spline converter.
  • the self-drilling injection type anchor pipe anchoring device for coal mines of the present invention includes an anchor pipe 2, a disposable drill bit 1, a tray 3, a nut 4, an anchoring agent A material grouting component, and an anchoring agent B Material grouting component and slurry mixing tee joint 7,
  • the disposable drill bit 1 is coaxially installed on the front end of the anchor pipe 2, the disposable drill bit 1 and the anchor pipe 2 are extended into the borehole, and the rear end of the anchor pipe 2 is extended Drilling holes
  • the tray 3 is sleeved on the anchor tube 2
  • the nut 4 is threadedly connected to the rear end of the anchor tube 2
  • the rear end of the nut 4 is crimped with the front end of the tray 3
  • the disposable drill bit 1 and the anchor tube 2 are provided with front and rear transparent holes.
  • the grouting central channel 8, the slurry mixing tee joint 7 has one outlet end and two inlet ends, the outlet end of the slurry mixing tee joint 7 is connected with the rear port of the anchor pipe 2, and the two The inlet ends are respectively connected with the outlet ports of the anchoring agent A material grouting component and the anchoring agent B material grouting component.
  • the rear end of the disposable drill bit 1 extends into and is screwed into the front port of the anchor pipe 2; the rear end of the anchor pipe 2 is a first outer hexagonal structure 9 on the rear side of the external thread.
  • the slurry mixing tee joint 7 includes a first feed pipe 10, a second feed pipe 11 and a discharge pipe 12, the outlet end of the first feed pipe 10, the outlet end of the second feed pipe 11 and the discharge pipe
  • the inlet end of 12 is connected to form a Y-shaped structure, the outlet end of the first feeding pipe 10 and the second feeding pipe 11 are symmetrical about the center line of the discharging pipe 12, and the outlet end of the first feeding pipe 10 and the second feeding pipe 11 are symmetrical.
  • the included angle is an acute angle
  • the inlet end of the discharge pipe 12 is provided with a first orifice plate 13
  • the first orifice plate 13 is provided with a number of first feeding holes 14, the outlet end of the first feeding pipe 10 and the second feeding
  • the connection of the outlet end of the material pipe 11 is provided with a second orifice plate 15 that is perpendicular to and connected to the first orifice plate 13
  • the second orifice plate 15 is provided with a number of second feeding holes 16
  • the discharge pipe 12 discharges the material.
  • the end extends into and is screwed into the rear port of the anchor pipe 2;
  • the center line of the first feeding hole 14 communicated with the first feeding pipe 10 is parallel to the center line of the first feeding pipe 10, and is connected with the second feeding pipe.
  • the center line of the first feeding hole 14 connected with 11 is parallel to the center line of the second feeding pipe 11 .
  • the anchoring agent A material grouting assembly includes the anchoring agent A material bucket 17 and the A material grouting pump 18.
  • the anchoring agent A material bucket 17 is connected to the first feeding pipe 10 of the slurry mixing tee joint 7 through the A material injection pipe 19.
  • the feed port is connected, and the A material grouting pump 18 is arranged on the A material injection pipe 19 .
  • the anchoring agent B material grouting assembly includes the anchoring agent B material bucket 20 and the B material grouting pump 21.
  • the anchoring agent B material bucket 20 is connected to the second feeding pipe 11 of the slurry mixing tee joint 7 through the B material injection pipe 22.
  • the feed port is connected, and the B material grouting pump 21 is arranged on the B material injection pipe 22 .
  • An anchoring method for a self-drilling injection type anchor pipe anchoring device for coal mines comprising the following steps:
  • step (1) install the tray 3 and the nut 4 on the anchor pipe 2 before drilling, use the first spline converter 5 to connect with the rotating mechanism of the drilling rig or drill arm, and apply torque to the anchor pipe 2 , to complete the construction of drilling the anchor pipe 2; one end of the first spline converter 5 is the second outer hexagonal structure 5-1 connected to the drilling rig or drill arm rotating mechanism, and the other end of the first spline converter 5 has an inner hole
  • the hole wall is provided with first spline inner teeth 5-2, and the first outer hexagonal structure 9 at the rear end of the anchor tube 2 is inserted into the inner hole of the first spline converter 5 and the first spline inner teeth 5-2. Engagement transmits torque.
  • step (3) the flow rates of the A material grouting pump 18 and the B material grouting pump 21 are determined according to the ratio of the specific type of anchoring agent, or the proportional double-liquid grouting pump is directly used to realize the ratio of A and B materials;
  • step (3) material A and material B are preliminarily mixed when passing through the slurry mixing tee joint 7.
  • the specific mixing method is as follows: a part of material A in the first feeding pipe 10 passes through the second orifice plate 15. The second feeding hole 16 on the upper part enters the second feeding pipe 11 and mixes with the B material. A part of the B material in the second feeding pipe 11 enters the second feeding pipe 11 through the second feeding hole 16 on the second orifice plate 15. The first feeding pipe 10 is mixed with the A material; the A material and the B material enter the discharge pipe 12 through the first feeding hole 14 on the first orifice plate 13.
  • the material and the B material are also mixed to a certain extent in the discharge pipe 12, and finally enter the hole bottom of the drill hole 23 from the front port of the disposable drill bit 1 through the grouting center channel 8, and then Fill the annular cavity between the disposable drill bit 1 , the drill rod and the inner wall of the drill hole 23 .
  • step (5) the first spline converter 5 used in step (1) is also used to drive the anchor pipe 2 to rotate by using the rock bolt drilling machine or the anchor drill arm.
  • step (6) the nut 4 is tightened to the design torque, and the second spline converter 6 is used as the torque transmission member.
  • the second spline converter 6 is a rod-shaped structure with a transparent inner hole in the center.
  • One end of the key converter 6 is the third outer hexagonal structure 6-1 connected to the drilling machine or the drill arm rotating mechanism, the hole wall of the other end of the inner hole of the second spline converter 6 is provided with a second spline inner tooth 6-2, and the anchor
  • the first outer hexagonal structure 9 at the rear end of the pipe 2 extends into the inner hole of the second spline converter 6, the second spline inner teeth 6-2 engage with the outer hexagonal of the nut 4, and the drilling rig or drill arm rotating mechanism
  • the preload is applied by driving the nut 4 to rotate through the second spline converter 6 .
  • the anchoring agent A material, the anchoring agent B material and the grouting pump in the present invention are all commonly used anchoring agents in the prior art.

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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
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Abstract

煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置及方法，包括锚管(2)、一次性钻头(1)、托盘(3)、螺母(4)、锚固剂A料注浆组件、锚固剂B料注浆组件和浆料混合三通接头(7)，一次性钻头(1)同轴线安装在锚管(2)前端部，一次性钻头(1)和锚管(2)伸入到钻孔内，锚管(2)后端伸出钻孔，托盘(3)套在锚管(2)上，螺母(4)螺纹连接在锚管(2)后端部，螺母(4)后端与托盘(3)前端压接，一次性钻头(1)和锚管(2)内部开设有前后通透的注浆中心通道(8)，浆料混合三通接头(7)的出口端与锚管(2)后端口连接，两个进口端分别与锚固剂A料注浆组件和锚固剂B料注浆组件的出料口连接。该装置及方法工艺简单、操作灵活、施工效率高，节省了钻杆钻进及退杆的工序，方便输送锚固剂，锚固剂注入后形成的树脂环厚度均匀，锚固效果好。

Description

煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于矿业工程技术领域，具体涉及一种煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置及方法。
 背景技术
以锚杆为主体的锚网索是煤矿井下巷道最常用的支护技术，占比超过90%。每年施工的锚杆以百万计，因此提高锚杆的施工效率，意义重大。
 技术问题
锚杆长度一般为2m左右，主要用于巷道顶板和两帮的锚固，目前的施工过程为：使用锚杆钻机或掘锚机钻臂打孔，钻杆长度一般为1.0~2.0m，因此一般锚杆钻孔需要使用1~3个钻杆，完成钻孔施工，然后逐个退出钻杆；将锚固剂送入钻孔，使用钻机推动锚杆将锚固剂推入孔底，旋转搅动，锚固剂凝固后，然后加装托盘和螺丝旋转拧紧完成锚固。单个锚杆的施工时间在5~10分钟左右。当锚固区域的煤岩体较破碎或应力较高时，锚杆钻孔施工完成退出钻杆后，钻孔会发生变形甚至塌孔，造成锚固剂和锚杆送入困难或者废孔。因此，锚杆施工工序多，时间长，锚固剂、锚杆自动对准钻孔、自动推入困难是现有技术的主要缺点，也是制约煤矿井下自动锚固技术应用的关键环节。
 技术解决方案
本发明为了解决现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种操作简单、施工工序少、效率高、锚固效果好的煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置及方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置，包括锚管、一次性钻头、托盘、螺母、锚固剂A料注浆组件、锚固剂B料注浆组件和浆料混合三通接头，一次性钻头同轴线安装在锚管前端部，一次性钻头和锚管伸入到钻孔内，锚管后端伸出钻孔，托盘套在锚管上，螺母螺纹连接在锚管后端部，螺母后端与托盘前端压接，一次性钻头和锚管内部开设有前后通透的注浆中心通道，浆料混合三通接头具有一个出口端和两个进口端，浆料混合三通接头的出口端与锚管后端口连接，浆料混合三通接头的两个进口端分别与锚固剂A料注浆组件和锚固剂B料注浆组件的出料口连接。
一次性钻头后端伸入并螺纹连接在锚管前端口内；锚管后端部在外螺纹的后侧为第一外六棱结构。
浆料混合三通接头包括第一进料管、第二进料管和出料管，第一进料管的出口端、第二进料管的出口端和出料管的进口端连接形成Y型结构，第一进料管出口端和第二进料管关于出料管中心线对称，第一进料管出口端和第二进料管的夹角为锐角，出料管的进口端内部设有第一孔板，第一孔板上设有若干个第一过料孔，第一进料管出口端和第二进料管的出口端的连接处设有与第一孔板垂直并连接的第二孔板，第二孔板上设有若干个第二过料孔，出料管的出料端伸入并螺纹连接在锚管后端口内；与第一进料管连通的第一过料孔的中心线平行于第一进料管的中心线，与第二进料管连通的第一过料孔的中心线平行于第二进料管的中心线。
锚固剂A料注浆组件包括锚固剂A料桶和A料注浆泵，锚固剂A料桶通过A料注入管与浆料混合三通接头的第一进料管的进料口连接，A料注浆泵设置在A料注入管上。
锚固剂B料注浆组件包括锚固剂B料桶和B料注浆泵，锚固剂B料桶通过B料注入管与浆料混合三通接头的第二进料管的进料口连接，B料注浆泵设置在B料注入管上。
煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置的锚固方法，包括以下步骤，
（1）使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻臂，以锚管和一次性钻头作为钻进工具对煤岩层进行钻孔；
（2）锚管钻进完成后，将浆料混合三通接头的出料管与锚管后端口连接，锚固剂A料注浆组件的A料注入管出料口与第一进料管的进料口连接，锚固剂B料注浆组件的B料注入管出料口与第二进料管的进料口连接；
（3）启动锚固剂A料注浆组件的A料注浆泵和锚固剂B料注浆组件的B料注浆泵，A料注浆泵将锚固剂A料桶内的A料注入到钻孔底部，B料注浆泵将锚固剂B料桶内的B料注入到钻孔底部，待锚固剂注入量达到设定量后停止A料注浆泵和B料注浆泵；
（4）将浆料混合三通接头的出料管从锚管后端口内拧下；
（5）使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻臂，驱动锚管旋转，锚管和钻头在旋转过程中使锚固剂A、B料混合均匀产生化学反应后、锚固剂将一次性钻头和锚管的锚固段粘接到钻孔内壁；
（6）等待锚固剂充分凝固后，将螺母拧紧到设计扭矩，螺母压紧托盘，托盘压紧钻孔孔口处的巷道壁，施加锚固预紧力，完成锚固施工作业。
步骤（1）的具体过程为：钻进前中将托盘、螺母先安装锚管上，使用第一花键转换器与钻机或钻臂的旋转机构连接，对锚管施加扭矩，完成锚管钻进的施工；第一花键转换器的一端为连接钻机或钻臂旋转机构的第二外六棱结构，第一花键转换器的另一端内孔的孔壁设置第一花键内齿，锚管后端部的第一外六棱结构插接到第一花键转换器内孔与第一花键内齿啮合传递扭矩。
步骤（3）中A料注浆泵与B料注浆泵的流量根据具体型号锚固剂的配比而定，或者直接使用比例双液注浆泵来实现A、B料的配比；
步骤（3）中A料和B料在通过浆料混合三通接头时，预先进行初步的混合，具体混合方式为，第一进料管内的A料有一部分通过第二孔板上的第二过料孔进入到第二进料管内与B料混合，第二进料管内的B料有一部分通过第二孔板上的第二过料孔进入到第一进料管内与A料混合；A料和B料通过第一孔板上的第一过料孔进入到出料管内，由于第一过料孔倾斜设置，A料和B料在通过第一过料孔后在出料管内也进行一定的混合，最后通过注浆中心通道从一次性钻头的前端口进入到钻孔的孔底，进而充填一次性钻头、钻杆与钻孔内壁之间的环腔。
步骤（5）中使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻臂驱动锚管旋转也采用步骤（1）中所使用的第一花键转换器。
步骤（6）中将螺母拧紧到设计扭矩，采用第二花键转换器作为扭矩传递件，第二花键转换器为杆状结构，中心设有通透的内孔，第二花键转换器一端为连接钻机或钻臂旋转机构的第三外六棱结构，第二花键转换器内孔另一端的孔壁设置第二花键内齿，锚管后端部的第一外六棱结构伸入到第二花键转换器的内孔，第二花键内齿与螺母外六棱啮合，钻机或钻臂旋转机构通过第二花键转换器驱动螺母旋转施加预紧力。
采用上述技术方案，锚管钻进后，锚固剂A料注浆组件和锚固剂B料注浆组件分别将锚固剂A料和B料注射到锚管内孔并经一次性钻头内孔流出，在通过浆料混合三通接头时A料和B料进行初步混合，充满锚固段钻孔内壁和锚管外圆之间的环形间隙，通过第一花键转换器驱动锚管继续旋转实现对锚固剂的搅拌混合，直到混合均匀后停止锚管旋转，锚固剂凝固后，切换第二花键转换器将螺母预紧托盘，从而实现了锚管的自钻机快速锚固。
本发明将煤矿常用的锚杆改为中空结构的锚管，实现了煤矿用锚管的自钻进和快速锚固，将现有锚杆施工的钻杆分段钻进、分段退钻杆、推入锚固剂（必要时还要二次推入）、拧紧锚固等复杂工序简化为锚管自钻进、锚固剂注入、拧紧锚固三个工序，减少了钻杆分段钻入、分段退杆及锚固剂推送的环节，大大节省了锚杆施工时间，提高了施工效率；在煤岩体破碎的区域，钻杆退出后常常会发生钻孔变形或塌孔，造成锚固剂和锚杆进入困难甚至直接成为废孔，而锚管自钻进方法则彻底解决了塌孔问题；另外，目前智能掘锚技术的关键问题就是自动化锚固，使用自钻进注射式锚固，避免了锚固剂、锚杆使用机械方式自动对准钻孔和自动推入的难题，为自动锚固技术的实现提供技术支撑，应用前景广阔。
在钻孔作业时，根据具体巷道围岩强度和岩性选择使用水射流钻进或机械式钻机，一般煤或软弱岩体使用机械式钻机钻进，中等硬度以上岩体使用水射流或磨料水射流钻进，磨料水射流发生装置使用专利（ZL201920842666.X）的技术支持和水射流钻进使用专利（ZL202020789824.2）的技术支持。因此，水射流自钻进技术的具体方法属于现有技术，在此不再赘述。水射流发生装置能够产生高压水射流或高压磨料水射流，用管路输送到中空锚管，经锚管内孔从喷头喷出，使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻车钻臂旋转推送锚管向前钻进，高压水射流实现对煤岩体的旋转破岩或者机械式钻头破岩，从而实现了锚管的自钻进（即锚管代替钻杆）。
本发明只说明机械式自钻进方法及注射式锚固技术。
 有益效果
（1）本发明使用中空锚管代替锚杆，在钻进过程当作钻杆使用，使用水射流钻进技术或机械式一次性钻头钻进；使用注射方式将锚固剂从锚管内孔注入到钻孔底部，实现了锚管的自钻进及快速锚固。
（2）本发明使用的方法和装置，节省了钻杆钻进及退杆的工序，且操作简单，易于实现自动化控制，施工效率大大提升。
（3）本发明的锚管作为钻具，一次钻进并推送到孔底，不存在退钻杆或退锚杆的环节，钻孔成形后，一直有锚管支撑，不受钻孔变形及塌落的影响，特别适用于煤岩体破碎区域锚固施工。
（4）本发明的锚固剂从锚管内孔注射入钻孔，不存在药卷锚固剂送入难的问题。
（5）使用机械式一次钻头钻进，由于钻头直径与钻孔直径接近，锚管在钻孔内位与钻孔基本同心，不容易偏心，锚固剂注入后形成的树脂环厚度均匀，锚固效果好。
（6）浆料混合三通接头起到将A料和B料汇集并初步混合的作用，减少锚管搅拌的时间，提高锚固剂的混合效果。
（7）本发明的工艺简单、操作灵活、施工效率高，特别适合作为关键技术之一，配合智能化掘锚一体机，应用于煤矿井下自动化或智能化锚杆（管）施工中，具有很好的推广应用价值。
 附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2是图1中锚管、托盘和螺母的外形结构示意图；
图3是锚管、托盘和螺母的轴向剖视结构示意图；
图4是图1中浆料混合三通接头的轴向剖视图；
图5是第一花键转换器的立体结构示意图；
图6是第二花键转换器的立体结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
如图1-6所示，本发明的煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置，包括锚管2、一次性钻头1、托盘3、螺母4、锚固剂A料注浆组件、锚固剂B料注浆组件和浆料混合三通接头7，一次性钻头1同轴线安装在锚管2前端部，一次性钻头1和锚管2伸入到钻孔内，锚管2后端伸出钻孔，托盘3套在锚管2上，螺母4螺纹连接在锚管2后端部，螺母4后端与托盘3前端压接，一次性钻头1和锚管2内部开设有前后通透的注浆中心通道8，浆料混合三通接头7具有一个出口端和两个进口端，浆料混合三通接头7的出口端与锚管2后端口连接，浆料混合三通接头7的两个进口端分别与锚固剂A料注浆组件和锚固剂B料注浆组件的出料口连接。
一次性钻头1后端伸入并螺纹连接在锚管2前端口内；锚管2后端部在外螺纹的后侧为第一外六棱结构9。
浆料混合三通接头7包括第一进料管10、第二进料管11和出料管12，第一进料管10的出口端、第二进料管11的出口端和出料管12的进口端连接形成Y型结构，第一进料管10出口端和第二进料管11关于出料管12中心线对称，第一进料管10出口端和第二进料管11的夹角为锐角，出料管12的进口端内部设有第一孔板13，第一孔板13上设有若干个第一过料孔14，第一进料管10出口端和第二进料管11的出口端的连接处设有与第一孔板13垂直并连接的第二孔板15，第二孔板15上设有若干个第二过料孔16，出料管12的出料端伸入并螺纹连接在锚管2后端口内；与第一进料管10连通的第一过料孔14的中心线平行于第一进料管10的中心线，与第二进料管11连通的第一过料孔14的中心线平行于第二进料管11的中心线。
锚固剂A料注浆组件包括锚固剂A料桶17和A料注浆泵18，锚固剂A料桶17通过A料注入管19与浆料混合三通接头7的第一进料管10的进料口连接，A料注浆泵18设置在A料注入管19上。
锚固剂B料注浆组件包括锚固剂B料桶20和B料注浆泵21，锚固剂B料桶20通过B料注入管22与浆料混合三通接头7的第二进料管11的进料口连接，B料注浆泵21设置在B料注入管22上。
煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置的锚固方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻臂，以锚管2和一次性钻头1作为钻进工具对煤岩层进行钻孔；
（2）锚管2钻进完成后，将浆料混合三通接头7的出料管12与锚管2后端口连接，锚固剂A料注浆组件的A料注入管19出料口与第一进料管10的进料口连接，锚固剂B料注浆组件的B料注入管22出料口与第二进料管11的进料口连接；
（3）启动锚固剂A料注浆组件的A料注浆泵18和锚固剂B料注浆组件的B料注浆泵21，A料注浆泵18将锚固剂A料桶17内的A料注入到钻孔23底部，B料注浆泵21将锚固剂B料桶20内的B料注入到钻孔23底部，待锚固剂注入量达到设定量后停止A料注浆泵18和B料注浆泵21；
（4）将浆料混合三通接头7的出料管12从锚管2后端口内拧下；
（5）使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻臂，驱动锚管2旋转，锚管2和钻头在旋转过程中使锚固剂A、B料混合均匀产生化学反应后、锚固剂将一次性钻头1和锚管2的锚固段粘接到钻孔23内壁；
（6）等待锚固剂25充分凝固后，将螺母4拧紧到设计扭矩，螺母4压紧托盘3，托盘3压紧钻孔23孔口处的巷道壁24，施加锚固预紧力，完成锚固施工作业。
步骤（1）的具体过程为：钻进前中将托盘3、螺母4先安装锚管2上，使用第一花键转换器5与钻机或钻臂的旋转机构连接，对锚管2施加扭矩，完成锚管2钻进的施工；第一花键转换器5的一端为连接钻机或钻臂旋转机构的第二外六棱结构5-1，第一花键转换器5的另一端内孔的孔壁设置第一花键内齿5-2，锚管2后端部的第一外六棱结构9插接到第一花键转换器5内孔与第一花键内齿5-2啮合传递扭矩。
步骤（3）中A料注浆泵18与B料注浆泵21的流量根据具体型号锚固剂的配比而定，或者直接使用比例双液注浆泵来实现A、B料的配比；
步骤（3）中A料和B料在通过浆料混合三通接头7时，预先进行初步的混合，具体混合方式为，第一进料管10内的A料有一部分通过第二孔板15上的第二过料孔16进入到第二进料管11内与B料混合，第二进料管11内的B料有一部分通过第二孔板15上的第二过料孔16进入到第一进料管10内与A料混合；A料和B料通过第一孔板13上的第一过料孔14进入到出料管12内，由于第一过料孔14倾斜设置，A料和B料在通过第一过料孔14后在出料管12内也进行一定的混合，最后通过注浆中心通道8从一次性钻头1的前端口进入到钻孔23的孔底，进而充填一次性钻头1、钻杆与钻孔23内壁之间的环腔。
步骤（5）中使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻臂驱动锚管2旋转也采用步骤（1）中所使用的第一花键转换器5。
步骤（6）中将螺母4拧紧到设计扭矩，采用第二花键转换器6作为扭矩传递件，第二花键转换器6为杆状结构，中心设有通透的内孔，第二花键转换器6一端为连接钻机或钻臂旋转机构的第三外六棱结构6-1，第二花键转换器6内孔另一端的孔壁设置第二花键内齿6-2，锚管2后端部的第一外六棱结构9伸入到第二花键转换器6的内孔，第二花键内齿6-2与螺母4外六棱啮合，钻机或钻臂旋转机构通过第二花键转换器6驱动螺母4旋转施加预紧力。
本发明中的锚固剂A料、锚固剂B料和注浆泵均为现有公开技术中常用的锚固剂。

Claims (3)

  1. 煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置，其特征在于：包括锚管、一次性钻头、托盘、螺母、锚固剂A料注浆组件、锚固剂B料注浆组件和浆料混合三通接头，一次性钻头同轴线安装在锚管前端部，一次性钻头和锚管伸入到钻孔内，锚管后端伸出钻孔，托盘套在锚管上，螺母螺纹连接在锚管后端部，螺母后端与托盘前端压接，一次性钻头和锚管内部开设有前后通透的注浆中心通道，浆料混合三通接头具有一个出口端和两个进口端，浆料混合三通接头的出口端与锚管后端口连接，浆料混合三通接头的两个进口端分别与锚固剂A料注浆组件和锚固剂B料注浆组件的出料口连接；   
     一次性钻头后端伸入并螺纹连接在锚管前端口内；锚管后端部在外螺纹的后侧为第一外六棱结构；    
    浆料混合三通接头包括第一进料管、第二进料管和出料管，第一进料管的出口端、第二进料管的出口端和出料管的进口端连接形成Y型结构，第一进料管出口端和第二进料管关于出料管中心线对称，第一进料管出口端和第二进料管的夹角为锐角，出料管的进口端内部设有第一孔板，第一孔板上设有若干个第一过料孔，第一进料管出口端和第二进料管的出口端的连接处设有与第一孔板垂直并连接的第二孔板，第二孔板上设有若干个第二过料孔，出料管的出料端伸入并螺纹连接在锚管后端口内；与第一进料管连通的第一过料孔的中心线平行于第一进料管的中心线，与第二进料管连通的第一过料孔的中心线平行于第二进料管的中心线；    
    锚固剂A料注浆组件包括锚固剂A料桶和A料注浆泵，锚固剂A料桶通过A料注入管与浆料混合三通接头的第一进料管的进料口连接，A料注浆泵设置在A料注入管上；  
     锚固剂B料注浆组件包括锚固剂B料桶和B料注浆泵，锚固剂B料桶通过B料注入管与浆料混合三通接头的第二进料管的进料口连接，B料注浆泵设置在B料注入管上。
  2. 采用如权利要求1所述的煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置的锚固方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，   
    （1）使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻臂，以锚管和一次性钻头作为钻进工具对煤岩层进行钻孔；   
    （2）锚管钻进完成后，将浆料混合三通接头的出料管与锚管后端口连接，锚固剂A料注浆组件的A料注入管出料口与第一进料管的进料口连接，锚固剂B料注浆组件的B料注入管出料口与第二进料管的进料口连接；   
    （3）启动锚固剂A料注浆组件的A料注浆泵和锚固剂B料注浆组件的B料注浆泵，A料注浆泵将锚固剂A料桶内的A料注入到钻孔底部，B料注浆泵将锚固剂B料桶内的B料注入到钻孔底部，待锚固剂注入量达到设定量后停止A料注浆泵和B料注浆泵；
    （4）将浆料混合三通接头的出料管从锚管后端口内拧下；
    （5）使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻臂，驱动锚管旋转，锚管和钻头在旋转过程中使锚固剂A、B料混合均匀产生化学反应后、锚固剂将一次性钻头和锚管的锚固段粘接到钻孔内壁；  
    （6）等待锚固剂充分凝固后，将螺母拧紧到设计扭矩，螺母压紧托盘，托盘压紧钻孔孔口处的巷道壁，施加锚固预紧力，完成锚固施工作业；
    步骤（1）的具体过程为：钻进前中将托盘、螺母先安装锚管上，使用第一花键转换器与钻机或钻臂的旋转机构连接，对锚管施加扭矩，完成锚管钻进的施工；第一花键转换器的一端为连接钻机或钻臂旋转机构的第二外六棱结构，第一花键转换器的另一端内孔的孔壁设置第一花键内齿，锚管后端部的第一外六棱结构插接到第一花键转换器内孔与第一花键内齿啮合传递扭矩；
    步骤（3）中A料和B料在通过浆料混合三通接头时，预先进行初步的混合，具体混合方式为，第一进料管内的A料有一部分通过第二孔板上的第二过料孔进入到第二进料管内与B料混合，第二进料管内的B料有一部分通过第二孔板上的第二过料孔进入到第一进料管内与A料混合；A料和B料通过第一孔板上的第一过料孔进入到出料管内，由于第一过料孔倾斜设置，A料和B料在通过第一过料孔后在出料管内也进行一定的混合，最后通过注浆中心通道从一次性钻头的前端口进入到钻孔的孔底，进而充填一次性钻头、钻杆与钻孔内壁之间的环腔：
    步骤（5）中使用锚杆钻机或掘锚钻臂驱动锚管旋转也采用步骤（1）中所使用的第一花键转换器：
    步骤（6）中将螺母拧紧到设计扭矩，采用第二花键转换器作为扭矩传递件，第二花键转换器为杆状结构，中心设有通透的内孔，第二花键转换器一端为连接钻机或钻臂旋转机构的第三外六棱结构，第二花键转换器内孔另一端的孔壁设置第二花键内齿，锚管后端部的第一外六棱结构伸入到第二花键转换器的内孔，第二花键内齿与螺母外六棱啮合，钻机或钻臂旋转机构通过第二花键转换器驱动螺母旋转施加预紧力。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置的锚固方法，其特征在于：步骤（3）中A料注浆泵与B料注浆泵的流量根据具体型号锚固剂的配比而定，或者直接使用比例双液注浆泵来实现A、B料的配比。
PCT/CN2021/130616 2021-05-07 2021-11-15 煤矿用自钻进注射式锚管锚固装置及方法 WO2022233119A1 (zh)

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