WO2021224168A1

WO2021224168A1 - Work machine and method for working the ground

Info

Publication number: WO2021224168A1
Application number: PCT/EP2021/061542
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andreas Schober
Original assignee: Bauer Maschinen Gmbh
Priority date: 2020-05-07
Filing date: 2021-05-03
Publication date: 2021-11-11
Also published as: EP3907371B1; EP3907371A1; US20230175327A1; EP3907371C0; CN115461523A

Abstract

The invention relates to a work machine (10) and to a method for working the ground by means of the work machine (10), the work machine comprising a mast, along which a top drive (30) is moved vertically by means of an adjustment device, by means of which top drive a telescoping kelly bar system (40) having at least two kelly bars is shifted and guided. For torque transfer, the kelly bars are provided, on their outer and/or inner faces, with axially running driver strips (66) and locking pockets (68) on the driver strips and/or axial locking elements (62), which are moved into the locking pockets (68) in order to axially lock the kelly bars and are moved out of the locking pockets in order to release the kelly bars. According to the invention, a locking state of the kelly bars is automatically checked by means of a controller, wherein the adjustment device of the top drive (30) and/or the main cable winch (50) is actuated by means of the controller so that the kelly bars (42, 46) are axially moved relative to each other, a movement path of the kelly bars relative to each other is sensed and/or an axial force during the movement of the kelly bars is axially sensed by means of a sensing device, and a locking state of the kelly bars is determined by means of the controller according to the sensed movement path and/or the sensed axial force.

Description

Working machine and method for working a soil

The invention relates to a work machine, in particular a construction machine, with a mast, along which a rotary head is vertically movable by means of an adjusting device, through which a telescopic Kelly rod with at least two Kelly bars is slidably guided, with an outer kelly bar which is designed to rest on the rotary head , and an inner kelly rod are provided which comprises a cable suspension for a cable through which the inner kelly rod can be moved vertically by means of a main winch, with kelly rods on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending driver strips and locking pockets on the driver strips and / or axial locking elements are provided which can be retracted into the locking pockets for axially locking the Kel lystangen or can be extended out of the locking pockets for unlocking, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for processing a floor with a work machine, with a mast, along which a power turret is moved vertically along an adjusting device, through which a telescopic Kellyge rod with at least two Kelly rods is displaced and guided, with an outer kelly rod on the power head can rest or can be interlocked with this, and an inner kelly rod are provided, which is hung on a rope through which the inner kelly rod is moved vertically by means of a main winch, the kelly rods on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission provided with axially extending driver strips and locking pockets on the driver strips and / or axial locking elements are, which are driven into the locking pockets for axially locking the Kelly bars or are extended out of the locking pockets for unlocking, according to the preamble of claim 9.

A Kelly rod is a telescopic tool rod which is made up of several tubular rod elements and has at least one outer kelly rod and one inner kelly rod. The inner kelly rod and thus the Kelly rod as a whole is suspended on a rope, the Kelly rod being guided by a Kelly guide and / or an annular rotary drive, also called a rotary drive. Via the Kelly linkage, a torque can be transmitted from the rotary drive to a soil cultivation tool, in particular a drilling tool, which is attached to the lower end of the inner kelly bar. By telescoping the individual Kelly bar elements out to one another, greater drilling depths can also be achieved.

To transmit torque, the individual Kelly bar elements have axially extending stop strips on their outer side and on their inner side, which serve to transmit torque. In addition, locking pockets or Riegelele elements are provided at certain axial positions, in particular special at a start and end area, through which the Kelly bar elements can be axially fixed to each other. In this way, axial compressive forces can also be applied to the Kelly linkage and thus the tillage tool via the drill drive. The outer kelly rod can also be firmly connected axially to the drill drive.

Particularly in the case of discontinuous soil cultivation, for example when creating a bore with a drilling bucket, the drilling bucket has to be repeatedly moved into the borehole and then extended again. Depending on the depth of the borehole, the Kelly rods are retracted and retracted repeatedly. After the drilling bucket has been filled with removed soil material, it must be pulled out of the borehole to empty it. To do this, it is necessary to unlock the individual Kelly bar elements again and move them into one another. In this retracted position, the Kelly linkage can be pulled out together with the drilling bucket pulled out of the borehole and pivoted to an emptying position. Subsequently, for a further drilling step, the drilling tool is retracted into the borehole with renewed extension of the Kelly rod.

Telescoping a Kelly rod in and out requires time and skill on the part of the drill operator. The locking points are usually covered so that the drill driver cannot see where the locking element and a locking pocket are located. It is known to display the position of the individual Kelly bar elements relative to one another to the drill operator on his control monitor. However, such displays are very complex in terms of control technology and require an exact calibration of the individual drive components and the positions of the Kelly rods before drilling begins. In addition, it must be entered into the control which type of Kelly linkage is used and in which version.

A method for monitoring a Kelly drill rod is known from DE 102012019 850 A1. In this known method, it is necessary to detect a rotational position of the rods. This requires a complex sensor arrangement, which is fundamentally prone to errors in rough drilling operations.

An efficient method for a correct locking and unlocking of a Kelly rod is evident from the generic EP 3287 588 B1. For locking whoever the Kelly bars are axially shifted to each other when a certain torque is applied until they screw into a locking pocket and are locked. The rotation can be reliably detected via a brief pressure change in the hydraulic drive system and thus as evidence of a lock.

In the course of a drilling operation, it may be desired by a drill operator for a safe drilling operation to ascertain a correct locking state of a Kelly rod. This can be done via a visual inspection of the Kelly rod or a manual test operation, which, however, is time-consuming and, at least for less experienced drilling rig operators, does not exclude the risk of incorrect assessments. The invention is based on the task of specifying a working machine and a method for working on a soil, which enable particularly efficient and safe working with a Kelly linkage.

The object is achieved on the one hand by a machine having the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method having the features of claim 9. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The working machine according to the invention is characterized in that a control is provided which is designed to automatically check a locking state of the Kelly bars, the control device of the power rotary head and / or the cable winch being actuatable so that the Kelly bars move axially relative to one another that at least one detection device is provided with which a travel path of the Kelly bars to each other and / or an axial force when moving the Kelly bars can be detected, and that the control is designed depending on the detected travel path and / or the detected axial force To determine the locking status of the Kelly bars.

According to the invention, a work machine is created in which independently of the implementation of a locking process by the machine operator, the locking state of a Kelly linkage can be reliably checked at any time. No visual inspection or special experience on the part of the machine operator is required for this.

By simply actuating the control, a test process is automatically carried out by it, in which the Kelly bars move axially to each other. If the Kelly bars are in a locked state, the locking element and the locking pocket must strike against each other axially within a maximum possible axial travel, which also results in an increase in the tensile force on the cable and / or the axial pressure on the power rotary head. If such a state of the axial movement and / or an increase in the axial force is detected by the control, a correct locking state is recognized. If this does not take place, the control system can determine in the opposite way that there is no correct locking. By means of the invention, a check of the locking state of a Kelly linkage can be automated and designed in a process-reliable manner. A machine operator can be relieved of this activity at the same time, and the risk of incorrect judgment by a person is also eliminated. Overall, such a drilling process can be carried out efficiently and particularly reliably.

A preferred embodiment of the working machine according to the invention consists in that a limit value for a maximum travel path and / or a limit value for a minimum axial force are stored in the control and that the detected travel path with the maximum travel path or the detected axial force is used to determine the locking state is comparable to the minimum axial force. The maximum travel is typically a few centimeters per locking point and is largely determined by the difference between the axial length of the locking pocket and the axial length of the locking element screwed into it. In particular, the maximum travel path is dependent on the number of locking pockets, so that a total travel path of up to more than one meter can result in the case of multiple kelly bars.

The limit value or the threshold value for the minimum axial force depends on the usual displacement forces. If the locking element and the locking pocket hit each other axially, a further axial movement is blocked and there is an increase in force on the drive member, which causes the axial movement. This can be determined in particular by force measuring elements, for example on the main cable winch or an actuating cylinder or by a pressure increase in a hydraulic drive system's rule.

In the simplest case, the Kelly rod consists of only two Kelly rods, namely a tubular outer Kelly rod and an inner Kelly rod arranged displaceably therein. In order to achieve greater drilling depths, it is advantageous according to a development of the invention that the Kelly rod has one or more intermediate kelly rods which are arranged between the outer kelly rod and the inner kelly rod. Kelly rods with three to five Kelly rods are particularly preferred. In principle, the working machine according to the invention with the Kelly linkage can be used for a wide variety of activities. According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly expedient that a drilling tool, in particular a drilling bucket or auger, is detachably attached to the lower end of the inner kelly rod. Such drilling tools can be used for discontinuous drilling, in which a Kelly rod must be repeatedly extended and retracted.

According to a further embodiment variant of the invention, it is advantageous that when the Kelly bars are moved by the control, the power rotary head can be actuated, where a predetermined torque can be exerted. A torque is exerted on the Kelly bars in such a way that the locking element is reliably screwed into a locking pocket. In this way it can be ensured that, when a locking state is present, the locking element and the locking pocket meet over the largest possible area.

In principle, the travel path and the axial force can be determined using appropriate path sensors or force sensors. A particularly efficient determination of the axial force can be achieved in that a pressure increase in a hydraulic drive system can be detected in order to detect the axial force.

A check of the correct locking status of a Kelly linkage can be carried out if necessary by the machine operator or at specified times or operating states. According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly expedient that the position of the actuating device and / or a position of the cable can be stored in the control device when the locking state is detected. This recorded data can be used to calibrate the Kelly linkage and to verify the positions of the locks.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is that at least one input and / or determination device is provided with which a type and / or size of the Kelly linkage, a position of the adjusting device for the power rotary head and / or a position of the rope can be input. In the simplest case, an entry can be made via an input terminal. Alternatively, the Positions are automatically recorded by means of sensors. Furthermore, it is possible, please include to bring the respective components into a defined starting position and to calibrate the machine with these components.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that a locking state of the Kelly bars is automatically checked by means of a control, the control device of the power rotary head and / or the main cable winch being actuated so that the Kelly bars are moved axially relative to one another that by means of at least one Detection device a displacement of the Kel lystangen to each other and / or an axial force when moving the Kelly bars are detected, and that a locking state of the Kelly bars is determined by the control depending on the detected displacement and / or the detected axial force. The adjusting device can in particular be a feed drive of a feed slide on which the power rotary head is arranged and with which it can be displaced along a mast. The feed drive can in particular have a hydraulic cylinder or a cable winch.

The method according to the invention can in particular be carried out with a work machine, as has been described above. Accordingly, the advantages described above can be achieved.

An advantageous variant of the method of the invention consists in that, for locking and / or unlocking, a soil cultivation tool is placed on the Kelly rod on the soil, in particular on the bottom of the borehole. The soil cultivation tool and the inner kelly rod firmly connected to it are thus in a defined position. Preferably, the outer kelly rod and / or the one intermediate kelly rod according to the invention can now be moved relative to the inner kelly rod until the testing process is completed. In principle, the method according to the invention can be used in any application in which a tool with a Kelly rod is required.

According to one embodiment variant, it is particularly preferred that a borehole is made in the ground. The creation of the borehole can be carried out by excavating the soil material. According to a further embodiment variant of the invention, it is provided that the borehole is filled in order to form a foundation element. In a simple case, the foundation element can be filled with a pourable material such as sand or gravel. It is preferred that the foundation element takes place by filling with a hardenable mass, in particular a concrete material.

According to a further development of the invention, an efficient operating sequence can be achieved in that an automatic locking process is carried out by the controller if no locking state has been determined. The Kelly bars can be axially moved and rotated in a defined manner to one another, as is generally known for automatic locking.

The invention is explained below using preferred exemplary embodiments, which are shown schematically in the drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic partial view of a first work machine according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic partial view of a second Ar work machine according to the invention;

3 shows a schematic, broken-away representation of a Kelly linkage before unlocking; and

FIG. 4 shows a schematic, broken away representation of the Kelly linkage from FIG. 3 after locking.

The work machine 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 each has a substantially vertical mast 12, each of which has a mast head 14 shown only in FIG. A Kelly linkage 40 is suspended along the mast 12 so as to be vertically displaceable via a cable 52, which is driven by a Flauptseilwinde 50 and is guided by pulleys 16 on the mast head 14.

According to the two embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the Kelly linkage 40 is each provided with an outer kelly rod 42 located above, an inner inner kelly rod 46 located below and an intermediate kelly rod 44 arranged in between educated. At the upper end of the inner kelly bar 46, a rope suspension 48 is seen, on which the rope 52 is designed for vertical displacement of the inner kelly bar 46 and also the other tubular Kelly bar elements.

The outer kelly rod 42 has at its upper end a support collar 43 with which the outer kelly rod 43 rests on a power rotary head 30, that is to say a ring-shaped rotary drive. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a damping device 32 with springs is arranged between the power rotary head 30 and the support collar 43 to dampen shocks. The power rotary head 30 on a slide 18 and thus the outer kelly rod 42 can be moved vertically along the mast 12 via an adjusting device 20. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the adjusting device 20 is designed as a hydraulic cylinder. To transmit the torque from the rotary head 30 to the outer kelly rod 42 and thus the Kelly rod 40 as a whole, slave bars 66 are arranged on the outer kelly rod 42 on its outside, as can be seen from FIG.

In a known manner, corresponding driver strips 66 or locking elements are also arranged on the other outer sides and inner sides of the other Kellystangenele elements. A pin-shaped connection element 49 is provided on an underside of the inner kelly rod 46, with which a soil cultivation tool 36 can be attached in a rotationally fixed manner. In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the soil cultivation tool 36 is designed as an auger.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, a simple Kelly rod 40 with an outer kelly rod 42 and an inner kelly rod 46 is shown. To transmit torque from the outer kelly rod 42 to the inner kelly rod 46, the outer kelly rod 42 has at least one locking element 62 on its inside, which rests in the circumferential direction on an axially extending driver bar 66 on the outside of the inner kelly rod 46.

For an axial locking of the outer kelly rod 42 and the inner kelly rod 46, the locking element 62 on the outer kelly rod 42 can be pressed lightly against the driver bar 66 by applying a slight torque via the power rotary head 30. In this pressed-on position, the outer kelly rod 42 and the inner kelly rod 46 can now either over the Adjusting device 20 or the main winch 50 or by both can be moved axially to one another. When the position shown in Figure 4 is reached, the outer kelly rod 42 with the locking element 62 turns counterclockwise in the circumferential direction into the locking pocket 68 in the illustrated embodiment when it reaches a locking pocket 68, which is designed as an axial recess in the driver bar 66. In this case, a rotation occurs between the outer kelly rod 42 and the inner kelly rod 46, which can be determined by a first detection device, in particular a sensor device, as an indication of a locking.

According to the invention, a correct locking state can be checked automatically at any time by means of the controller. For this purpose, the control device 20 and / or the main cable winch 50 with the cable 52 are actuated in such a way that the outer kelly rod 42 is moved axially relative to the inner kelly rod 46 in a defined manner. If the locking is correct, the block-like locking element 62 must strike axially against an axial stop 69 of the locking pocket 68 after a certain maximum axial travel path, which is usually a few centimeters per locking point and in any case does not exceed the axial length of a locking pocket. A further axial movement of the outer kelly rod 42 is no longer possible. In addition, this leads to an increased expenditure of force, which can be detected as a pressure increase in the hydraulic system by which the axial drive element is driven. This can be detected by the control, which then indicates that a correct locking is still given.

If the control exceeds the maximum axial travel path during the test process and / or if no increase in the axial force above a predetermined minimum axial force value is determined, then there is no longer any reliable locking. This state of the missing lock can be displayed to the drilling rig operator by the control. The control can be operated by the drill operator at any time, so that he is always reliably informed of the correct locking status. If no lock is found, the control can preferably perform an automatic locking process.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Work machine, in particular construction machine, with a mast (12), along wel chem by means of an adjusting device (20), a power rotary head (30) can be moved vertically, through which a telescopic Kelly rod (40) with at least two Kelly rods is displaceably guided, one Outer kelly rod (42), which is designed to rest on the power rotary head (30), and an inner kelly rod (46) are provided which comprises a rope suspension (48) for a rope (52) through which the inner kelly rod by means of a main winch (50) (46) is vertically movable, the Kelly bars on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending driver strips (66) and locking pockets (68) on the driver strips (66) and / or axial locking elements (62) which can be retracted into the locking pockets (68) for axially locking the Kelly bars and can be extended out of the locking pockets (68) for unlocking , characterized in that a control is provided which is designed to automatically check a correct locking state of the Kelly bars, regardless of the implementation of a locking process, the control device (20) of the power rotary head (30) and / or the the main cable winch (50) can be actuated so that the Kelly bars (42, 46) are moved axially relative to one another, that at least one detection device is provided with which a movement path of the Kelly bars (42, 46) to one another and / or an axial force when Ver drive the Kelly bars (42, 46) is detectable, and that the control is designed to determine the correct locking state of the Kelly rods as a function of the detected travel path and / or the detected axial force.

2. Working machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a limit value for a maximum travel and / or a limit value for a minimum axial pressure are stored in the controller and that the detected travel path with the maximum travel or to determine the correct locking state the recorded axial pressure is comparable to the minimum axial pressure.

3. Working machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Kelly linkage (40) has one or more Zwischenkellystangen (44) which are arranged between the outer kelly rod (42) and the inner kelly rod (46).

4. Working machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a soil cultivation tool (30), in particular a drilling bucket or auger, is releasably attached to a lower end of the inner kelly rod (46).

5. Working machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that when the Kelly bars (42, 46) are moved by the control of the power rotary head (30) can be actuated, a predetermined torque being exertable.

6. Working machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that for detecting the axial force, a pressure increase in a hydraulic drive system can be detected.

7. Work machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one input and / or determination device is provided with which a type and / or size of the Kelly linkage (40), a position of the adjusting device (20) for the rotary head (30) and / or a position of the rope (52) can be entered or determined.

8. Working machine according to claim 7, characterized in that when the correct locking state is detected, the position of the actuating device (20) and / or a position of the rope (52) can be stored in the control device.

9. A method for processing a floor with a work machine (10), in particular special according to one of claims 1 to 8, with a mast (12), along which a rotary head (30) is moved vertically by means of an adjusting device (20), through which a telescopic Kelly rod (40) with at least two Kelly rods is displaced and guided, with an outer kelly rod (42) resting on the power rotary head (30) and an inner kelly rod (46) which are suspended from a rope (52) is, through which the inner kelly rod (46) is moved vertically by means of a main cable winch (50), the kelly rods on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending driver strips (66) and locking pockets (68) on the mit Receiving strips (66) and / or axial locking elements (62) are provided, which drive into the locking pockets (68) for axially locking the Kelly bars or for unlocking them the locking pockets (68) are extended, characterized in that a correct locking state is automatically checked by means of a control of the Kelly bars, regardless of the implementation of a locking process, the control device (20) of the rotary head (30) and / o which the main cable winch (50) is actuated so that the Kelly bars (42, 46) are moved axially relative to one another, that by means of at least one detection device a travel path of the kelly bars (42, 46) relative to one another and / or an axial force when moving the kelly bars (42, 46) can be detected, and that the control depends on the detected travel path and / or the detected Axialkraft the correct locking state of the Kelly bars is determined.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that for testing a soil cultivation tool (36) is placed on the Kelly linkage (40) on the ground.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that a borehole is created in the ground.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the borehole is filled to form a foundation element.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that an automatic locking process is carried out by the controller if no correct locking state has been determined.