WO2021223358A1 - 一种用于应急场地建设的防渗结构及防渗结构的构建方法 - Google Patents

一种用于应急场地建设的防渗结构及防渗结构的构建方法 Download PDF

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WO2021223358A1
WO2021223358A1 PCT/CN2020/118075 CN2020118075W WO2021223358A1 WO 2021223358 A1 WO2021223358 A1 WO 2021223358A1 CN 2020118075 W CN2020118075 W CN 2020118075W WO 2021223358 A1 WO2021223358 A1 WO 2021223358A1
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layer
seepage
compacted
less
clay
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PCT/CN2020/118075
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French (fr)
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倪哲
齐长青
甄胜利
罗彬�
郑中华
张道利
张蒙纳
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北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021223358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021223358A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of site seepage prevention, in particular to an anti-seepage structure used for the construction of emergency sites such as medical treatment and a construction method of the anti-seepage structure.
  • Site seepage prevention is an important part of conventional construction engineering, and it is related to the safety and life of buildings/structures. Similarly, in the construction of emergency projects such as medical treatment, site seepage prevention is also an indispensable important project content. It can effectively prevent the disorderly migration of domestic sewage, medical wastewater and contaminated surface water generated by medical activities, and reduce the environment. At the same time of risk, it can effectively curb the spread of pathogens to the outside, so as to realize the safety protection of the site environment and the health of the people.
  • the anti-seepage structure design of emergency sites such as medical treatment is different from conventional buildings and municipal engineering. It not only needs to face the common problems of the anti-seepage system of the site, but also ensure that it is in certain special service environments (such as special water environment, stress environment, infection Environment, etc.) reliability, durability and safety. At the same time, due to the particularity of "emergency" projects, the anti-seepage structure of this type of site should also have the characteristics of short construction period, convenient construction, convenient deployment of materials, and easy quality control, so as to meet the practical needs of rapid construction.
  • Thin film is used as a protective layer for pollutants leakage of the site; She Qirui and others mentioned in the "A Pollution Barrier Structure and Method Based on Impermeable System” that the use of liquid drainage layer, protective layer, anti-seepage layer, The compacted soil cushion and compacted garbage layer are used as the basic structure layer for the expansion of the landfill site, which can realize the role of pollution barrier; Lin Jianchao and others in their research "A kind of anti-seepage garbage landfill” and Jiang Xinxin etc. In his research "A double-layer HDPE membrane composite lining anti-seepage structure for domestic waste landfills with large seepage flow", they all proposed a composite anti-seepage layer with a double-layer membrane structure according to the characteristics of the application site. Wait.
  • the current site anti-seepage research mainly focuses on the pollution prevention and control of landfills and chemical sites.
  • the designed anti-seepage layer has a complicated structure.
  • the hardened layer with cement as the main material has the problems of long curing period and cumbersome construction. Conducive to construction period control.
  • the present invention provides an anti-seepage structure for emergency site construction and a construction method of the anti-seepage structure.
  • the invention discloses an anti-seepage structure for emergency site construction, including:
  • the leveling and compaction foundation layer, compaction clay layer, composite anti-seepage layer, upper protective layer and fine sand cushion layer are arranged in sequence from bottom to top;
  • the composite anti-seepage layer includes GCL pads and HDPE geomembrane arranged sequentially from bottom to top.
  • a geogrid layer is provided between the leveled and compacted foundation layer and the compacted clay layer;
  • the geogrid layer is a two-way stretched plastic geogrid, and the nominal tensile strength per linear meter of the two-way stretched plastic geogrid is not less than 20 kN/m.
  • the degree of compaction of the flat and compacted base layer is not less than 90%
  • the thickness of the compacted clay layer is not less than 30 cm, the degree of compaction is not less than 90%, and the permeability coefficient is not more than 1 ⁇ 10 -5 cm/s, and the longitudinal and lateral slopes of the compacted clay layer are 2 to 4%.
  • the GCL mat is attached to the HDPE geomembrane, the specification of the GCL mat is not less than 4800 g/m 2 , and the thickness of the HDPE geomembrane is 1.5-2.0 mm.
  • the upper protective layer is a non-woven geotextile, and the specification of the non-woven geotextile is not less than 600 g/m 2 .
  • the particle size of the fine sand in the fine sand cushion layer is 0.25 to 0.35 mm, and the thickness of the fine sand cushion layer is not less than 20 cm.
  • the invention also discloses a construction method of an anti-seepage structure, which includes:
  • Fine sand is laid on the upper protective layer to form a fine sand cushion.
  • Clay is laid on the geogrid layer and compacted to form a compacted clay layer.
  • the GCL pad is laid in an overlapping manner, the overlapping width is not less than 30cm, the bentonite particles are spread in the overlapping area, and the amount of the bentonite particles is not less than 0.5kg/m 2 ;
  • the HDPE geomembrane is laid in an overlapping manner, the overlapping width is not less than 120mm, and the overlapping area is welded by a double seam hot melt method.
  • the composite impermeable layer is anchored; wherein the anchor point is not less than 30 cm higher than the flat and compacted base layer.
  • the geotechnical materials used in the anti-seepage structure of the present invention have a wide range of sources and are easy to obtain, which can fully meet the special requirements for raw material deployment under "emergency" conditions such as medical treatment, and have strong pertinence;
  • the anti-seepage structure of the present invention can be further provided with an optional layer, that is, a geogrid layer; it can provide further reinforcement and reinforcement protection according to the specific characteristics of the site, improve the bearing capacity of the foundation, resist the uneven settlement of the site, and increase the upper layer The safety and stability of the structure;
  • the construction method of the anti-seepage structure of the present invention is convenient for construction, strong operability, and cooperates with the technical requirements and quality assurance measures of the geotechnical materials to facilitate the control and evaluation of the overall project's anti-seepage effect;
  • the anti-seepage structure of the present invention expands the application of traditional geotechnical materials in the field of special anti-seepage.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-seepage structure for emergency site construction disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-seepage structure for emergency site construction disclosed in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an impermeable structure for emergency site construction disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an impermeable structure for emergency site construction disclosed in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an anti-seepage structure for emergency site construction, including: a leveling and compacting foundation layer 1, a compacted clay layer 3, a composite anti-seepage layer 4, and an upper layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top
  • GCL mat sodium bentonite waterproof mat
  • HDPE geomembrane high-density polyethylene geomembrane
  • each layer structure of the present invention is as follows:
  • the leveling and compacting foundation layer 1 of the present invention is formed by compacting the existing site foundation layer.
  • the present invention needs to ensure that the leveling and compacting foundation layer 1 has a degree of compaction not less than 90%, preferably 93%.
  • the thickness of the compacted clay layer 3 of the present invention is not less than 30 cm, preferably 30 cm; the compaction degree of the compacted clay layer 3 is not less than 90%, preferably 90%; the permeability coefficient of the compacted clay layer 3 is not greater than 1 ⁇ 10 -5 cm/s, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -5 cm/s; the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the compacted clay layer 3 are 2 to 4%, preferably 3%, and the surface flatness of the compacted clay layer 3 after laying is completed The error is not more than 2cm/m 2 , and there is no impurities; the design of the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the compacted clay layer 3 is conducive to the rapid drainage of the infiltrating liquid and reduces the accumulation of water on the composite anti-seepage layer 4.
  • the GCL pad 401 of the present invention is tightly attached to the HDPE geomembrane 402, and voids are strictly prohibited; the specification of the GCL pad 401 is not less than 4800g/m 2 , preferably 4800g/m 2 ; the thickness of the HDPE geomembrane 402 is 1.5 ⁇ 2.0mm , Preferably 2.0mm; GCL pad 401 is laid by lap, and the lap width is not less than 30cm, preferably 40cm.
  • the lap area of GCL pad 401 is sprinkled with bentonite particles, and the amount of bentonite particles is not less than 0.5kg/ m 2 , preferably 0.6 kg/m 2 .
  • the HDPE geomembrane 402 is laid in a widened lap method, and the lap width is not less than 12cm, preferably 15cm.
  • the overlapped HDPE geomembrane is preferentially welded by the double seam hot-melt method; of course, it is also in the implementation process. Other welding methods can be used, and those skilled in the art can select suitable welding methods for welding according to specific conditions during the implementation process.
  • the composite anti-seepage layer 4 of the present invention is the main anti-seepage layer. Based on the composite design of GCL pad 401 and HDPE geomembrane 402, the permeability coefficient is reduced by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared with traditional clay anti-seepage, and can be used for wastewater infiltration in emergency sites such as medical treatment. Provide adequate protection.
  • the upper protective layer 5 of the present invention is a non-woven geotextile, and the specification of the non-woven geotextile is not less than 600 g/m 2 , preferably 600 g/m 2 ; the present invention realizes composite anti-seepage through the upper protective layer 5 and the compacted clay layer 3 Layer 4 up and down protection.
  • the particle size of the fine sand in the fine sand cushion layer 6 of the present invention is 0.25 to 0.35 mm, preferably 0.25 mm, and the thickness of the fine sand cushion layer 6 is not less than 20 cm, preferably 30 cm.
  • the present invention can reduce the stagnant water of the upper layer through the structural gaps between the fine sand in the fine sand cushion layer 6, and prevent the structure from being soaked by liquid.
  • the present invention provides a method for constructing the impermeable structure shown in FIG. 1, including:
  • the above-mentioned anti-seepage structure and construction method of the present invention are mainly used in the construction of emergency sites such as medical treatment.
  • the structure and construction method require a wide range of materials, simple construction, easy quality control, strong operability, and can be used in a short time.
  • Complete the site anti-seepage construction effectively prevent ground pollution, and then buy time for the construction of the upper structure.
  • the present invention provides an anti-seepage structure for emergency site construction, including: a flat compacted foundation layer 1, a geogrid layer 2, a compacted clay layer 3, a composite The impermeable layer 4, the upper protective layer 5 and the fine sand cushion layer 6.
  • the composite impermeable layer 4 includes GCL pad (bentonite waterproof pad) 401 and HDPE geomembrane (high-density polyethylene geomembrane) arranged from bottom to top. )402.
  • each layer structure of the present invention is as follows:
  • leveling and compacting base layer 1, the compacted clay layer 3, the composite anti-seepage layer 4, the upper protective layer 5 and the fine sand cushion layer 6 of the present invention is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
  • the geogrid layer 2 of the present invention is a two-way stretched plastic geogrid, and the specification of the two-way stretched plastic geogrid is that the nominal tensile strength per linear meter is not less than 20 kN/m, preferably 35 kN/m.
  • the geogrid layer 2 of the present invention can strengthen the foundation, control uneven settlement, and can increase the stability of the upper impermeable layer and the structure.
  • the present invention provides a method for constructing the impermeable structure shown in FIG. 2, including:
  • the above-mentioned anti-seepage structure and construction method of the present invention are mainly used in the construction of emergency sites such as medical treatment.
  • the structure and construction method require a wide range of materials, simple construction, easy quality control, strong operability, and can be used in a short time.
  • Complete the site anti-seepage construction effectively prevent ground pollution, and then buy time for the construction of the upper structure.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于应急场地建设的防渗结构及防渗结构的构建方法，防渗结构包括：自下而上依次设置的平整压实基础层、压实黏土层、复合防渗层、上保护层和细沙垫层；复合防渗层包括自下而上依次设置的GCL垫和HDPE土工膜。构建方法包括：对现有场地基础层进行压实，形成平整压实基础层；在平整压实基础层上铺设黏土并压实，形成压实黏土层；在压实黏土层上依次铺设GCL垫和HDPE土工膜，形成复合防渗层；在复合防渗层上铺设上保护层；在上保护层上铺设细沙，形成细沙垫层。本发明所采用的土工材料来源广泛，方便获得，可充分满足医疗等"应急"状况下对原材料调配的特殊需求，针对性强，且所提出的结构层施工快速，防渗效果较佳，从而进一步拓展了传统土工材料在特种防渗领域的应用。

Description

一种用于应急场地建设的防渗结构及防渗结构的构建方法 技术领域
本发明涉及场地防渗技术领域，具体涉及一种用于医疗等应急场地建设的防渗结构及防渗结构的构建方法。
背景技术
场地防渗是常规建筑工程的重要组成部分，关系到建/构筑物的使用安全和寿命。同样，在医疗等应急项目建设当中，场地防渗也是不可或缺的重要工程内容，其可以有效的防止医疗活动产生的生活污水、医疗废水以及受污染的地表水的无序迁移，在降低环境风险的同时，可有效遏制病原体向外部的扩散，从而实现场地环境和人群健康的安全防护。
医疗等应急场地的防渗结构设计不同于常规建筑和市政工程，不仅需要面临场地防渗系统服役的共性问题，还要确保其在某些特殊服役环境下(例如特殊水环境、应力环境、感染环境等)的可靠性、耐久性和安全性。同时由于“应急”项目的特殊性，该类场地的防渗结构还应该具备工期短、施工便捷、材料方便调配、质量易于把控等特点，从而满足快速建设的切实需要。
徐建玲等人在其研究的《一种防止地面污染的防护结构层》中提到，采用水泥、水玻璃、粉煤灰、熟石灰和沉淀泥浆的混合物作为硬化层，并选用0.01～0.25mm的PE薄膜作为场地的污染物渗漏保护层；佘祺瑞等人在其研究的《一种基于防渗系统构建的污染阻隔结构及方法》中提到，利用液体导排层、保护层、防渗层、压实土垫层和压实垃圾层作为填埋场地扩容的基础结构层，可以实现污染阻隔的作用；林建超等人在其研究的《一种具有防渗功能的垃圾填埋场》和姜新新等人在其研究的《一种用于渗流量大的生活垃圾填埋场的双层HDPE膜复合衬里防渗结构》中，均根据施用场地的特点提出了采用双层膜结构的复合防渗层等。
上述现有技术存在的缺陷为：
目前的场地防渗研究主要集中在填埋场和化工场地的污染防控，所设计的防渗层结构复杂；同时以水泥为主材的硬化层存在养护期较长、施工繁琐的问题，不利于工期控制。
相比之下，目前国内外尚没有针对医疗等应急场地建设的防渗结构的相关研究与报道，目前相关研究者仍然在寻求一种实施简单、效果显著的应急场地防渗结构及方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供一种用于应急场地建设的防渗结构及防渗结构的构建方法。
本发明公开了一种用于应急场地建设的防渗结构，包括：
自下而上依次设置的平整压实基础层、压实黏土层、复合防渗层、上保护层和细沙垫层；
所述复合防渗层包括自下而上依次设置的GCL垫和HDPE土工膜。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述平整压实基础层与压实黏土层之间设有土工格栅层；
其中，所述土工格栅层为双向拉伸塑料土工格栅，所述双向拉伸塑料土工格栅标称每延米抗拉强度不小于20kN/m。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述平整压实基础层的压实度不小于90％；
所述压实黏土层的厚度不小于30cm、压实度不小于90％、渗透系数不大于1×10 -5cm/s，所述压实黏土层的纵向、横向坡度为2～4％。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述GCL垫与HDPE土工膜贴合，所述GCL垫的规格不小于4800g/m 2，所述HDPE土工膜的厚度为1.5～2.0mm。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述上保护层为无纺土工布，所述无纺土工布的规格不小于600g/m 2。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述细沙垫层中细沙的粒径为0.25～0.35mm，所述细沙垫层的厚度不小于20cm。
本发明还公开了一种防渗结构的构建方法，包括：
对现有场地基础层进行压实，形成平整压实基础层；
在所述平整压实基础层上铺设黏土并压实，形成压实黏土层；
在所述压实黏土层上依次铺设GCL垫和HDPE土工膜，形成复合防渗层；
在所述复合防渗层上铺设上保护层；
在所述上保护层上铺设细沙，形成细沙垫层。
作为本发明的进一步改进，还包括：
在所述平整压实基础层上铺设土工格栅，形成土工格栅层；
在所述土工格栅层上铺设黏土并压实，形成压实黏土层。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述GCL垫采用搭接的方式进行铺设，搭接宽度不小于30cm，搭接区内撒铺膨润土颗粒，膨润土颗粒用量不小于0.5kg/m 2；
所述HDPE土工膜采用搭接的方式进行铺设，搭接宽度不小于120mm，搭接区采用双缝热熔法进行焊接。
作为本发明的进一步改进，还包括：
对所述复合防渗层进行锚固；其中，锚固点位高于平整压实基础层不小于30cm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
1、本发明的防渗结构中所采用的土工材料来源广泛，方便获得，可充分满足医疗等“应急”状况下对原材料调配的特殊需求，针对性强；
2、本发明的防渗结构中可进一步设置可选择层，即土工格栅层；可以针对场地的具体特点提供进一步的加强、加固保护，改善地基承载能力，抵抗场地的不均匀沉降，增加上层构筑物的安全性和稳定性；
3、本发明的防渗结构构建方法的施工方便，可操作性强，配合土工材料自有的技术要求和质量保障措施，便于实现对整体项目防渗效果的把控和评估；
4、本发明的防渗结构拓展了传统土工材料在特种防渗领域的应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种实施例公开的用于应急场地建设的防渗结构剖面图；
图2为本发明另一种实施例公开的用于应急场地建设的防渗结构剖面图；
图3为本发明一种实施例公开的用于应急场地建设的防渗结构构建方法的流程图；
图4为本发明另一种实施例公开的用于应急场地建设的防渗结构构建方法的流程图。
图中：
1、平整压实基础层；2、土工格栅层；3、压实黏土层；4、复合防渗层， 401、GCL垫，402、HDPE土工膜；5、上保护层；6、细沙垫层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述：
实施例1：
如图1所示，本发明提供一种用于应急场地建设的防渗结构，包括：自下而上依次设置的平整压实基础层1、压实黏土层3、复合防渗层4、上保护层5和细沙垫层6；其中，复合防渗层4包括自下而上依次设置的GCL垫(钠基膨润土防水垫)401和HDPE土工膜(高密度聚乙烯土工膜)402。
在上述防渗结构的基础上，本发明各层结构的具体设计为：
本发明的平整压实基础层1是对现有场地基础层进行压实而形成，为保证平整压实基础层的防渗效果，本发明需保证平整压实基础层1的压实度不小于90％，优选为93％。
本发明的压实黏土层3的厚度不小于30cm，优选为30cm；压实黏土层3的压实度不小于90％，优选为90％；压实黏土层3的渗透系数不大于1×10 -5cm/s，优选为1×10 -5cm/s；压实黏土层3的纵向、横向坡度为2～4％，优选为3％，压实黏土层3在铺设完成后表面平整度误差不大于2cm/m 2，并且无杂质；压实黏土层3纵向、横向坡度的设计有利于下渗液体的快速导排，降低复合防渗层4上积水。
本发明的GCL垫401与HDPE土工膜402紧密贴合，严禁形成空穴；GCL垫401的规格不小于4800g/m 2，优选为4800g/m 2；HDPE土工膜402的厚度为1.5～2.0mm，优选为2.0mm；GCL垫401采用搭接的方式进行铺设，搭接宽度不小于30cm，优选为40cm，GCL垫401搭接区内撒铺膨润土颗粒，且膨润土颗粒的用量不小于0.5kg/m 2，优选为0.6kg/m 2。HDPE土工膜402的采用加宽型搭接的方式进行铺设，搭接宽度不小于12cm，优选为15cm，搭接 的HDPE土工膜优先采用双缝热熔法进行焊接；当然，在实施过程中也可采用其他焊接方法，本领域技术人员实施过程中可根据具体情况选择适应的焊接方法进行焊接。本发明的复合防渗层4为主防渗层，基于GCL垫401与HDPE土工膜402的复合设计，渗透系数较传统黏土防渗降低2-3个数量级，可以为医疗等应急场地的废水渗透提供充足保障。
本发明的上保护层5为无纺土工布，无纺土工布的规格不小于600g/m 2，优选为600g/m 2；本发明通过上保护层5和压实黏土层3实现复合防渗层4的上下保护。
本发明的细沙垫层6中细沙的粒径为0.25～0.35mm，优选为0.25mm，细沙垫层6的厚度不小于20cm，优选为30cm。本发明通过细沙垫层6中细沙之间的结构空隙，可以减少上层滞水，防止构筑物被液体浸泡。
如图3所示，本发明提供一种图1所示防渗结构的构建方法，包括：
S11、对现有场地基础层进行压实，形成平整压实基础层1；
S12、在平整压实基础层1上铺设黏土并压实，形成压实黏土层3；
S13、在压实黏土层3上依次铺设GCL垫401和HDPE土工膜402，形成复合防渗层4；
S14、对复合防渗层4进行锚固；其中，锚固点位高于平整压实基础层1不小于30cm；
S15、在复合防渗层4上铺设上保护层5；
S16、在上保护层5上铺设细沙，形成细沙垫层6。
S17、对细沙垫层6的表面进行找平作业，以满足构筑物水平度的要求。
本发明的上述防渗结构及构建方法主要应用于医疗等应急场地的建设，其结构以及构建方法所需的材料来源广泛，施工简单，质量易于把控，可操作性强，能够在短时间内完成场地防渗建设，有效防止地面污染，进而为上层构筑物的建设争取时间。
实施例2：
如图1所示，本发明提供一种用于应急场地建设的防渗结构，包括：自下而上依次设置的平整压实基础层1、土工格栅层2、压实黏土层3、复合防渗层4、上保护层5和细沙垫层6；其中，复合防渗层4包括自下而上依次设 置的GCL垫(膨润土防水垫)401和HDPE土工膜(高密度聚乙烯土工膜)402。
在上述防渗结构的基础上，本发明各层结构的具体设计为：
本发明的平整压实基础层1、压实黏土层3、复合防渗层4、上保护层5和细沙垫层6的具体设计同实施例1；
本发明的土工格栅层2为双向拉伸塑料土工格栅，双向拉伸塑料土工格栅的规格为标称每延米抗拉强度不小于20kN/m，优选为35kN/m。本发明的土工格栅层2起到加固地基，控制不均匀沉降的作用，可以增加上部防渗层和构筑物的稳定性。
如图4所示，本发明提供一种图2所示防渗结构的构建方法，包括：
S21、对现有场地基础层进行压实，形成平整压实基础层1；
S22、在平整压实基础层1上铺设土工格栅，形成土工格栅层2；
S23、在土工格栅层2上铺设黏土并压实，形成压实黏土层3；
S24、在压实黏土层3上依次铺设GCL垫401和HDPE土工膜402，形成复合防渗层4；
S25、对复合防渗层4进行锚固；其中，锚固点位高于平整压实基础层1不小于30cm；
S26、在复合防渗层4上铺设上保护层5；
S27、在上保护层5上铺设细沙，形成细沙垫层6。
S28、对细沙垫层6的表面进行找平作业，以满足构筑物水平度的要求。
本发明的上述防渗结构及构建方法主要应用于医疗等应急场地的建设，其结构以及构建方法所需的材料来源广泛，施工简单，质量易于把控，可操作性强，能够在短时间内完成场地防渗建设，有效防止地面污染，进而为上层构筑物的建设争取时间。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于应急场地建设的防渗结构，其特征在于，包括：
    自下而上依次设置的平整压实基础层、压实黏土层、复合防渗层、上保护层和细沙垫层；
    所述复合防渗层包括自下而上依次设置的GCL垫和HDPE土工膜。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的防渗结构，其特征在于，所述平整压实基础层与压实黏土层之间设有土工格栅层；
    其中，所述土工格栅层为双向拉伸塑料土工格栅，所述双向拉伸塑料土工格栅标称每延米抗拉强度不小于20kN/m。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的防渗结构，其特征在于，所述平整压实基础层的压实度不小于90％；
    所述压实黏土层的厚度不小于30cm、压实度不小于90％、渗透系数不大于1×10 -5cm/s，所述压实黏土层的纵向、横向坡度为2～4％。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的防渗结构，其特征在于，所述GCL垫与HDPE土工膜贴合，所述GCL垫的规格不小于4800g/m 2，所述HDPE土工膜的厚度为1.5～2.0mm。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的防渗结构，其特征在于，所述上保护层为无纺土工布，所述无纺土工布的规格不小于600g/m 2。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的防渗结构，其特征在于，所述细沙垫层中细沙的粒径为0.25～0.35mm，所述细沙垫层的厚度不小于20cm。
  7. 一种如权利要求1～6中任一项所述的防渗结构的构建方法，其特征在于，包括：
    对现有场地基础层进行压实，形成平整压实基础层；
    在所述平整压实基础层上铺设黏土并压实，形成压实黏土层；
    在所述压实黏土层上依次铺设GCL垫和HDPE土工膜，形成复合防渗层；
    在所述复合防渗层上铺设上保护层；
    在所述上保护层上铺设细沙，形成细沙垫层。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的构建方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述平整压实基础层上铺设土工格栅，形成土工格栅层；
    在所述土工格栅层上铺设黏土并压实，形成压实黏土层。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的构建方法，其特征在于，所述GCL垫采用搭接 的方式进行铺设，搭接宽度不小于30cm，搭接区内撒铺膨润土颗粒，膨润土颗粒用量不小于0.5kg/m 2；
    所述HDPE土工膜采用搭接的方式进行铺设，搭接宽度不小于120mm，搭接区采用双缝热熔法进行焊接。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的构建方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    对所述复合防渗层进行锚固；其中，锚固点位高于平整压实基础层不小于30cm。
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