WO2021218698A1 - Matériau d'aimant ndfeb, et composition de matières premières de celui-ci, procédé de préparation et utilisation associés - Google Patents

Matériau d'aimant ndfeb, et composition de matières premières de celui-ci, procédé de préparation et utilisation associés Download PDF

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WO2021218698A1
WO2021218698A1 PCT/CN2021/088304 CN2021088304W WO2021218698A1 WO 2021218698 A1 WO2021218698 A1 WO 2021218698A1 CN 2021088304 W CN2021088304 W CN 2021088304W WO 2021218698 A1 WO2021218698 A1 WO 2021218698A1
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iron boron
neodymium iron
magnet material
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黄清芳
王金磊
黎国妃
汤志辉
黄佳莹
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厦门钨业股份有限公司
福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司
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    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
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    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
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    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a neodymium iron boron magnet material, a raw material composition and a preparation method and application.
  • Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material is based on Nd 2 Fe l4 B compound, which has the advantages of high magnetic properties, small thermal expansion coefficient, easy processing and low price. Since its introduction, it has grown at an average annual rate of 20-30%. Become the most widely used permanent magnet material. According to the preparation method, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets can be divided into three types: sintering, bonding and hot pressing. Among them, sintered magnets account for more than 80% of the total output and are the most widely used.
  • Co is the most used and most effective element. This is because the addition of Co can reduce the reversible temperature coefficient of magnetic induction, effectively increase the Curie temperature, and can improve the corrosion resistance of the NdFeB magnet. However, the addition of Co easily causes a sharp drop in coercivity, and the cost of Co is relatively high.
  • Al is one of the effective elements to improve the coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, the addition of Al can reduce the infiltration angle between the main phase and the surrounding liquid phase during the sintering process, thereby improving the gap between the main phase and the Nd-rich phase.
  • the microstructure improves the coercivity, and the addition of Al may compensate for the decrease in the coercivity caused by the addition of Co. However, excessive addition of Al will deteriorate the remanence and Curie temperature.
  • the present invention is to overcome the addition of Co to the NdFeB magnet in the prior art to increase the Curie temperature and corrosion resistance, and Co easily causes the coercive force to drop sharply and the expensive defects, and Al will deteriorate the remanence and the Curie temperature. Therefore, a neodymium iron boron magnet material, a raw material composition, and a preparation method and application thereof are provided.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material of the present invention has high remanence, high coercivity and good high temperature performance at the same time.
  • a raw material composition of neodymium iron boron magnet material A which comprises: R: 29.5-32.5wt%;
  • the R is a rare earth element, and includes the rare earth metal R1 for smelting and the rare earth metal R2 for grain boundary diffusion; the R1 includes Nd, Ho, and "Dy and/or Tb"; the R2 includes Dy and/or Tb;
  • the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R1 is 0-4 wt%, and is not 0;
  • the content of R2 is 0.2-1wt%
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • B 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%
  • Cu 0 ⁇ 0.35wt% and not 0
  • Ga 0 ⁇ 0.35wt% but not 0
  • Al 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • X 0.05-0.45wt%
  • the X includes one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, V, Mo, W, Ta and Cr
  • Fe 65-70wt%
  • wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A;
  • the raw material composition does not contain Gd.
  • the content of R is preferably 30-32wt%, for example 30wt%, 30.7wt%, 31.2wt%, 31.7wt%, 31.72wt% or 31.8wt%.
  • the Nd content in the R1 can be conventional in the art, preferably 8-32wt%, more preferably 8.2-31wt%, such as 8.2875wt%, 14.625wt%, 16.75wt%, 16.875wt% , 18.375wt%, 20.025wt%, 20.625wt%, 20.75wt%, 21wt% or 23.375wt%, the percentage is the percentage of the total weight of the raw material composition.
  • the addition form of Nd in R1 is conventional in the art, for example, in the form of PrNd, or in the form of pure Nd, or in the form of a mixture of pure Pr and Nd, or in the form of PrNd, pure The mixture of Pr and Nd is added jointly.
  • the weight ratio of Pr to Nd in PrNd is 25:75 or 20:80.
  • PrNd When the Nd in R1 is added in the form of PrNd, PrNd can be 0-30wt%, and not 0, preferably 0.5-28wt%, such as 1wt%, 11.05wt%, 19.5% by weight, 22.5wt% %, 24.5wt%, 26.7wt% or 27.5wt%, and wt% is the weight percentage of the element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A.
  • the Ho content in R1 is preferably 0-10% by weight, and not 0, more preferably 0.2-10% by weight; most preferably 0.8-8% by weight, such as 0.45% by weight, 1% by weight, 1.5wt%, 2.8wt%, 5wt%, 6wt% or 7.5wt%.
  • the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in R1 is preferably 0.1-3.8 wt%, more preferably 0.2-3.7 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, or 3.64 wt%.
  • the content of Dy is preferably 0.1-2wt%, more preferably 0.5-2.5wt%, such as 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, 1wt%, 1.2wt %, 2wt% or 2.5wt%.
  • the content of Tb is preferably 0.1-4wt%, more preferably 0.25-3.8wt%, such as 0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.7wt%, 1.5wt%, 2wt %, 2.5wt%, 3wt%, 3.5wt% or 3.64wt%.
  • the weight ratio of Dy and Tb can be conventional in the art, generally 1:99-99:1, such as 50:50, 70:30, 60:40, 25 :75 or 40:60.
  • the R1 preferably does not contain heavy rare earth metals other than Ho, Dy or Tb.
  • the definitions or types of the heavy rare earth metals are conventional in the art, and the heavy rare earth metals may include elements such as erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and yttrium after gadolinium, for example.
  • the R1 may also include other conventional rare earth elements in the art, such as Pr and/or Sm.
  • the addition form of Pr is conventional in the art, for example, in the form of PrNd, or in the form of a mixture of pure Pr and Nd, or combined with a mixture of PrNd and pure Pr and Nd Add to.
  • the weight ratio of Pr to Nd in PrNd is 25:75 or 20:80.
  • the content of Pr is preferably 0-20wt%, more preferably 0.3-19wt%, such as 0.325wt%, 2.75wt%, 4.875wt%, 5.625wt%, 6.125wt%, 6.675wt%, 6.875wt%, 7wt%, 9wt% or 18.8425wt%, wherein the percentage is the percentage of the total weight of the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A.
  • the content of Sm is preferably 0-3wt%, such as 0.9wt% or 2wt%, where the percentage is the total weight of the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A Percentage.
  • the content of R2 is preferably 0.2-0.9 wt%, such as 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, or 0.8 wt%.
  • the content of Dy is preferably 0.2-0.9 wt%, more preferably 0.25-0.8 wt%, such as 0.5 wt% or 0.6 wt%.
  • the content of Tb is preferably 0.2-0.9 wt%, more preferably 0.25-0.8 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, or 0.7 wt%.
  • the weight ratio of Dy and Tb can be conventional in the art, generally 1:99-99:1, such as 50:50, 80:40, 60:40 or 40 :60.
  • the R2 may also include DyCuGa alloy and/or TbCuGa alloy.
  • the rare earth elements in the alloy can form a shell layer that diffuses the rare earth elements through the principle of grain boundary diffusion.
  • the content of Dy is ⁇ 75wt%, and the above percentage is the percentage of the amount of Dy in the total weight of the DyCuGa alloy.
  • the TbCuGa alloy preferably, the Tb content is ⁇ 75wt%, and the above percentage is the percentage of the amount of Tb in the total weight of the TbCuGa alloy.
  • the content of Co is preferably 0.02-0.45% by weight, such as 0.1% by weight, 0.2% by weight, 0.25% by weight, 0.3% by weight, 0.35% by weight, or 0.4% by weight.
  • the content of B is preferably 0.92-1.02wt%, such as 0.95wt%, 0.9wt% or 0.99wt%.
  • the content of Cu is preferably 0.05-0.3wt%, more preferably 0.1-0.3wt%, for example 0.15wt%, 0.2wt% or 0.25wt%.
  • the content of Ga is preferably 0.02-0.35% by weight, such as 0.05% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.15% by weight, 0.21% by weight, 0.25% by weight or 0.3% by weight.
  • the content of Al is preferably 0-0.3wt%, more preferably 0-0.1wt%, most preferably 0-0.04wt%, such as 0wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.03wt% Or 0.04wt%.
  • the content of Al may be the range of the Al content of impurities introduced in the process of preparing the neodymium iron boron material, or it may be the content of Al added additionally.
  • the range may be the range of the content of Al as an impurity introduced in the process of preparing the neodymium iron boron material.
  • the type of X is preferably one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr and Hf, and more preferably Ti, Nb, Zr or Hf.
  • the type of X may be "mixture of Zr and Ti", “mixture of Nb and Mo", “mixture of Hf and Ta” or “mixture of V, W and Cr”.
  • the type of X may be V, Mo, W, Ta or Cr.
  • the content of X is preferably 0.1-0.4wt%, such as 0.14wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.18wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.33wt% or 0.39wt%.
  • the content of the Zr is preferably 0.05-0.25 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.19 wt%, or 0.2 wt%.
  • the content of Ti is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.08 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.14 wt%, or 0.15 wt%.
  • the content of Nb is preferably 0.02-0.4 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, or 0.25 wt%.
  • the content of Hf is preferably 0.02-0.1 wt%, for example, 0.03 wt% or 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of V is preferably 0.02-0.1 wt%, for example, 0.05 wt%.
  • the content of the Mo is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of W is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of Ta is preferably 0.01-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of Cr is preferably 0.05-0.15 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the type of X may be "mixture of Zr and Ti", “mixture of Nb and Mo", “mixture of Hf and Ta” or “mixture of V, W and Cr”.
  • the weight of Nb and Mo is preferably 13-18:10, such as 15:10.
  • the weight of Hf and Ta is preferably 1:(0.8-1.2), for example, 1:1.
  • the weight of V, W, and Cr is preferably 1:(1.5-2.5):(1.5-2.5), for example, 1:2:2.
  • the weight of Zr and Ti is preferably (15-22): 20, such as 19:20.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A may further include Mn.
  • the content of Mn is preferably ⁇ 0.035wt%, more preferably ⁇ 0.0175wt%, and the above percentage is the weight percentage of the Mn element and the total amount of the raw material composition.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A includes: R: 30-32wt%;
  • the R is a rare earth element, and includes rare earth metal R1 for smelting and rare earth metal R2 for grain boundary diffusion;
  • R1 includes PrNd, Ho, and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 19-29wt%; Ho: 1-10wt %; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R1 is 0-3wt%, and is not 0;
  • the R2 includes Dy and/or Tb; the content of R2 is 0.2 to 1.2 wt%;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.25wt%
  • B 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%
  • Cu 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%
  • Ga 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%
  • Al 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • X 0.05 ⁇ 0.25wt%
  • the type of X includes one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr, and Hf;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A; the raw material composition does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A includes: R: 30-32wt%;
  • the R is a rare earth element, and includes rare earth metal R1 for smelting and rare earth metal R2 for grain boundary diffusion;
  • R1 includes PrNd, Ho, and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 19-28wt%; Ho: 1-5wt %; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R1 is 0-2wt%, and is not 0;
  • the R2 includes Dy and/or Tb; the content of R2 is 0.5 to 1.2 wt%;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.1wt% (more preferably 0wt%); B: 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%; Cu: 0.1 ⁇ 0.2wt%; Ga: 0.2 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Al: 0 ⁇ 0.1wt%; X: 0.1 ⁇ 0.25wt%; the type of X includes Ti or Zr;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A; the raw material composition does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A may further include: R: 30.5-32.5 wt%; the R is a rare earth element, and includes rare earth metal R1 for smelting and grain boundary diffusion Use rare earth metal R2; R1: including PrNd, Pr, Ho and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 8-15wt% (more preferably 10-12wt%); Ho: 0-5wt% (more preferably 0- 1wt%) and not 0; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R1 is 2-4wt%;
  • the R2 includes Dy and/or Tb; the content of R2 is 0.2-0.8 wt%;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.25wt% (more preferably 0wt%); B: 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%; Cu: 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Ga: 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Al: 0 ⁇ 0.3wt%; X: 0.3-0.5wt%; the type of X includes Ti and/or Zr;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A; the raw material composition does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A can be any one of the following numbers 1-19 (wt%):
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of neodymium iron boron magnet material A, which adopts the raw material composition as described above.
  • the preparation method is a conventional diffusion method in the art, wherein the R1 element is in the smelting step.
  • the R2 element is added in the grain boundary diffusion step.
  • the preparation method preferably includes the steps of: smelting, pulverizing, molding, and sintering elements in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A to obtain a sintered body, and then The mixture of the sintered body and the R2 may diffuse through the grain boundary.
  • the smelting operation and conditions can be conventional smelting processes in the field.
  • the elements other than R 2 in the neodymium iron boron magnet material A are smelted and casted by ingot casting process and quick-setting sheet process, Obtain alloy flakes.
  • an additional 0-0.3wt% rare earth element ( Generally Nd element), the percentage is the mass percentage of the content of the additional rare earth element to the total content of the raw material composition; in addition, the content of this part of the additional rare earth element is not included in the scope of the raw material composition.
  • the melting temperature may be 1300-1700°C.
  • the smelting equipment is generally a high frequency vacuum melting furnace and/or an intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace, such as an intermediate frequency vacuum induction rapid-solidifying belt spinning furnace.
  • the operation and conditions of the pulverizing can be conventional pulverizing processes in the field, and generally include hydrogen crushing and/or jet milling.
  • the hydrogen crushing and pulverizing generally includes hydrogen absorption, dehydrogenation and cooling treatment.
  • the temperature of the hydrogen absorption is generally 20 to 200°C.
  • the temperature of the dehydrogenation is generally 400-650°C.
  • the pressure of the hydrogen absorption is generally 50 to 600 kPa.
  • the air-jet milling powder is generally carried out under the conditions of 0.1-2 MPa, preferably 0.5-0.7 MPa (for example, 0.65 MPa).
  • the gas stream in the gas stream milling powder can be, for example, nitrogen gas and/or argon gas.
  • the efficiency of the jet milling powder may vary according to different equipment, for example, it may be 30-400 kg/h, preferably 200 kg/h.
  • the molding operation and conditions can be conventional molding processes in the field.
  • the magnetic field forming method for example, the magnetic field forming method.
  • the magnetic field strength of the magnetic field forming method is generally above 1.5T.
  • the sintering operation and conditions can be conventional sintering processes in the art, such as vacuum sintering process and/or inert atmosphere sintering process.
  • the vacuum sintering process or the inert atmosphere sintering process are conventional operations in the art.
  • an inert atmosphere sintering process is used, the initial stage of the sintering can be performed under the condition of a vacuum degree of less than 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 Pa.
  • the inert atmosphere may be an atmosphere containing inert gas conventional in the art, such as helium and argon.
  • the sintering temperature may be 1000-1200°C, preferably 1030-1090°C.
  • the sintering time may be 0.5-10h, preferably 2-8h.
  • the operation of attaching the R2 to the surface of the substrate is generally included before the grain boundary diffusion.
  • the R2 is attached to the surface of the substrate by the following method: coating or spraying, magnetron plasma sputtering or evaporation method.
  • the R2 is generally coated or sprayed on the surface of the substrate in the form of fluoride or low melting point alloy.
  • the R2 includes Tb, preferably, Tb is coated or sprayed on the surface of the substrate in the form of Tb alloy or fluoride.
  • the R2 contains Dy, preferably, Dy is coated or sprayed on the surface of the substrate in the form of Dy alloy or fluoride.
  • the R2 is generally attached to the surface of the substrate through the following steps: bombarding the target material containing the R2 with an inert gas to generate ions containing the R2, and controlling the magnetic field Evenly adhere to the surface of the substrate.
  • the R2 is generally attached to the surface of the substrate through the following steps: under a certain vacuum and temperature, the heavy rare earth containing the R2 generates steam containing the R2, so The R2 is enriched on the surface of the substrate.
  • the degree of vacuum may be conventional in the art, and is preferably 5 Pa-5 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa.
  • the temperature may be conventional in the art, and is preferably 500-900°C.
  • the operation and conditions of the grain boundary diffusion treatment can be a conventional grain boundary diffusion process in the art.
  • the temperature of the grain boundary diffusion may be 800-1000°C, preferably 850-950°C.
  • the time for the grain boundary diffusion may be 12-90h.
  • heat treatment is also performed according to the conventional practice in the art.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment may be 450°C to 510°C.
  • the heat treatment time may be 1 to 4 hours, for example, 1 to 3 hours.
  • the present invention also provides a neodymium iron boron magnet material A prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.
  • the present invention also provides a neodymium iron boron magnet material A, which contains: R: 29.5-32.5wt%;
  • the R is a rare earth element, including R1 and R2, the R1 includes Nd, Ho, and "Dy and/or Tb"; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R1 is 0-4 wt%, and is not 0; said R2 includes Dy and/or Tb; the content of said R2 is 0.2-1wt%;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • B 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%
  • Cu 0 ⁇ 0.35wt% and not 0
  • Ga 0 ⁇ 0.35wt% but not 0
  • Al 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • X 0.05-0.45wt%
  • the X includes one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, V, Mo, W, Ta and Cr
  • Fe 65-70wt%
  • wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material A
  • the NdFeB magnet material A does not contain Gd
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material A comprises Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal grains and its shell layer, grain boundary epitaxial layer and neodymium-rich phase;
  • Ho in the R1 is mainly distributed in the Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal grains and the grain boundary epitaxial layer, and the R2 is mainly distributed in the shell layer and the neodymium-rich phase;
  • the continuity of the grain boundary of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A is 96% or more.
  • the "main distribution" of "Ho in R1 is mainly distributed in the Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal grains and the grain boundary epitaxial layer" generally refers to more than 95% of the element, and only a small part is distributed In the neodymium-rich phase.
  • “R2 is mainly distributed in the shell layer and the neodymium-rich phase” can be understood as the main distribution of R2 (generally more than 95%) caused by the conventional grain boundary diffusion process in the art in the shell layer and the main phase grain A small part of the grain boundaries will also diffuse into the main phase grains, for example, at the outer edges of the main phase grains.
  • the grain boundary epitaxial layer generally refers to the two-grain boundary adjacent to the neodymium-rich phase and the main phase particle, and it can also be referred to as the "two-grain boundary” or "the main phase and the neodymium-rich phase.
  • the boundary shell structure
  • the neodymium-rich phase is a neodymium-rich phase conventionally understood in the art. In this field, most of the phase structure in the grain boundary structure is a neodymium-rich phase.
  • the calculation method of grain boundary continuity refers to the ratio of the length occupied by phases other than voids in the grain boundary (for example, the neodymium-rich phase, the same in the grain boundary epitaxial layer) to the total grain boundary length. Grain boundary continuity of more than 96% can be called continuous channel.
  • the grain boundary continuity is preferably 96.1% or more, such as 0.962%, 0.963%, 0.964%, 0.965%, 0.967%, 0.969%, 0.971%, 0.972% or 0.973%.
  • the content of R is preferably 30-32wt%, for example 30wt%, 30.7wt%, 31.2wt%, 31.7wt%, 31.72wt% or 31.8wt%.
  • the Nd content in the R1 can be conventional in the art, preferably 8-32wt%, more preferably 8.2-31wt%, such as 8.2875wt%, 14.625wt%, 16.75wt%, 16.875wt% , 18.375wt%, 20.025wt%, 20.625wt%, 20.75wt%, 21wt% or 23.375wt%, the percentage is the weight percentage of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A.
  • the addition form of Nd in R1 is conventional in the art, for example, in the form of PrNd, or in the form of pure Nd, or in the form of a mixture of pure Pr and Nd, or in the form of PrNd, pure The mixture of Pr and Nd is added jointly.
  • the weight ratio of Pr to Nd in PrNd is 25:75 or 20:80.
  • PrNd When the Nd in R1 is added in the form of PrNd, PrNd can be 0-30wt%, and not 0, preferably 0.5-28wt%, such as 1wt%, 11.05wt%, 19.5% by weight, 22.5wt% %, 24.5wt%, 26.7wt% or 27.5wt%, and wt% is the weight percentage of the element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material A.
  • the content of Ho in R1 is preferably 0-10% by weight, and not 0, more preferably 0.2-10% by weight; most preferably 0.8-8% by weight, such as 0.45% by weight, 1% by weight, 1.5wt%, 2.8wt%, 5wt%, 6wt% or 7.5wt%.
  • the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in R1 is preferably 0.1-3.8 wt%, more preferably 0.2-3.7 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, or 3.64 wt%.
  • the content of Dy is preferably 0.1-2wt%, more preferably 0.5-2.5wt%, such as 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, 1wt%, 1.2wt %, 2wt% or 2.5wt%.
  • the content of Tb is preferably 0.1-4wt%, more preferably 0.25-3.8wt%, such as 0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.7wt%, 1.5wt%, 2wt %, 2.5wt%, 3wt%, 3.5wt% or 3.64wt%.
  • the weight ratio of Dy and Tb can be conventional in the art, generally 1:99-99:1, such as 50:50, 70:30, 60:40, 25 :75 or 40:60.
  • the R1 preferably does not contain heavy rare earth metals other than Ho, Dy or Tb.
  • the definitions or types of the heavy rare earth metals are conventional in the art, and the heavy rare earth metals may include elements such as erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and yttrium after gadolinium, for example.
  • the R1 may also include other conventional rare earth elements in the art, such as Pr and/or Sm.
  • the addition form of Pr is conventional in the art, for example, in the form of PrNd, or in the form of a mixture of pure Pr and Nd, or combined with a mixture of PrNd and pure Pr and Nd Add to.
  • the weight ratio of Pr to Nd in PrNd is 25:75 or 20:80.
  • the content of Pr is preferably 0-20wt%, more preferably 0.3-19wt%, such as 0.325wt%, 2.75wt%, 4.875wt%, 5.625wt%, 6.125wt%, 6.675wt%, 6.875wt%, 7wt%, 9wt% or 18.8425wt%, wherein the percentage is the percentage of the weight of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A.
  • the content of Sm is preferably 0-3 wt%, such as 0.9 wt% or 2 wt%, where the percentage is the weight percentage of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A.
  • the content of R2 is preferably 0.2-0.9 wt%, such as 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, or 0.8 wt%.
  • the content of Dy is preferably 0.2-0.9 wt%, more preferably 0.25-0.8 wt%, such as 0.5 wt% or 0.6 wt%.
  • the content of Tb is preferably 0.2-0.9 wt%, more preferably 0.25-0.8 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, or 0.7 wt%.
  • the weight ratio of Dy and Tb can be conventional in the art, generally 1:99-99:1, such as 50:50, 80:40, 60:40 or 40 :60.
  • the content of Co is preferably 0.02-0.45% by weight, such as 0.1% by weight, 0.2% by weight, 0.25% by weight, 0.3% by weight, 0.35% by weight, or 0.4% by weight.
  • the content of B is preferably 0.92-1.02wt%, such as 0.95wt%, 0.9wt% or 0.99wt%.
  • the content of Cu is preferably 0.05-0.3wt%, more preferably 0.1-0.3wt%, for example 0.15wt%, 0.2wt% or 0.25wt%.
  • the content of Ga is preferably 0.02-0.35% by weight, such as 0.05% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.15% by weight, 0.21% by weight, 0.25% by weight or 0.3% by weight.
  • the content of Al is preferably 0-0.3wt%, more preferably 0-0.1wt%, most preferably 0-0.04wt%, such as 0wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.03wt% Or 0.04wt%.
  • the content of Al may be the range of the Al content of impurities introduced in the process of preparing the neodymium iron boron material, or it may be the content of Al added additionally.
  • the range may be the range of the content of Al as an impurity introduced in the process of preparing the neodymium iron boron material.
  • the type of X is preferably one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr and Hf, and more preferably Ti, Nb, Zr or Hf.
  • the type of X may be "mixture of Zr and Ti", “mixture of Nb and Mo", “mixture of Hf and Ta” or “mixture of V, W and Cr”.
  • the type of X may be V, Mo, W, Ta or Cr.
  • the content of X is preferably 0.1-0.4wt%, such as 0.14wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.18wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.33wt% or 0.39wt%.
  • the content of the Zr is preferably 0.05-0.25 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.19 wt%, or 0.2 wt%.
  • the content of Ti is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.08 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.14 wt%, or 0.15 wt%.
  • the content of Nb is preferably 0.02-0.4 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, or 0.25 wt%.
  • the content of Hf is preferably 0.02-0.1 wt%, for example, 0.03 wt% or 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of V is preferably 0.02-0.1 wt%, for example, 0.05 wt%.
  • the content of the Mo is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of W is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of Ta is preferably 0.01-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of Cr is preferably 0.05-0.15 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the type of X may be "mixture of Zr and Ti", “mixture of Nb and Mo", “mixture of Hf and Ta” or “mixture of V, W and Cr”.
  • the weight of Nb and Mo is preferably 13-18:10, such as 15:10.
  • the weight of Hf and Ta is preferably 1:(0.8-1.2), for example, 1:1.
  • the weight of V, W, and Cr is preferably 1:(1.5-2.5):(1.5-2.5), for example, 1:2:2.
  • the weight of Zr and Ti is preferably (15-22): 20, such as 19:20.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material A may also include Mn.
  • the content of Mn is less than or equal to 0.035 wt%, more preferably less than or equal to 0.0175 wt%, and the foregoing percentage is the weight percentage of the Mn element and the total amount of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material A includes: R: 30-32wt%; the R is a rare earth element, including R1 and R2, and the R1 includes PrNd, Ho, and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 19-29wt%; Ho: 1-10wt%; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R1 is 0-3wt% and is not 0;
  • the R2 includes Dy and/or Tb; the content of R2 is 0.2 to 1.2 wt%;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.25wt%
  • B 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%
  • Cu 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%
  • Ga 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%
  • Al 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • X 0.05 ⁇ 0.25wt%
  • the type of X includes one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr, and Hf;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material A; the neodymium iron boron magnet material A does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material A includes: R: 30-32wt%; the R is a rare earth element, including R1 and R2, R1: including PrNd, Ho and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 19-28wt%; Ho: 1-5wt%; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R1 is 0-2wt%, and is not 0;
  • the R2 includes Dy and/or Tb; the content of R2 is 0.5 to 1.2 wt%;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.1wt% (more preferably 0wt%); B: 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%; Cu: 0.1 ⁇ 0.2wt%; Ga: 0.2 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Al: 0 ⁇ 0.1wt%; X: 0.1 ⁇ 0.25wt%; the type of X includes Ti or Zr;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material A; the neodymium iron boron magnet material A does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material A may further include: R: 30.5-32.5wt%; the R is a rare earth element, including R1 and R2, and R1: including PrNd, Pr, Ho and " Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 8-15wt% (more preferably 10-12wt%); Pr: 14-19wt% (more preferably 15-17wt%); Ho: 0-5wt% (more preferably 0-1wt%) and not 0; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R1 is 2-4wt%; the R2 includes Dy and/or Tb; the content of R2 is 0.2-0.8wt %;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.25wt% (more preferably 0wt%); B: 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%; Cu: 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Ga: 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Al: 0 ⁇ 0.3wt%; X: 0.3-0.5wt%; the type of X includes Ti and/or Zr;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material A; the neodymium iron boron magnet material A does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material A can be any one of the following numbers 1-19 (wt%):
  • the present invention also provides a raw material composition of neodymium iron boron magnet material B, which comprises: R: 28-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element and includes Nd, Ho and "Dy and/or Tb"; The content of "Dy and/or Tb" is 0-4wt% and is not 0;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • B 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%
  • Cu 0 ⁇ 0.35wt% and not 0
  • Ga 0 ⁇ 0.35wt% but not 0
  • Al 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • X 0.05-0.45wt%
  • the X includes one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, V, Mo, W, Ta and Cr
  • Fe 65.5-69wt%
  • wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B;
  • the raw material composition does not contain Gd.
  • the content of R is preferably 29-32.5wt%, such as 29.13wt%, 29.64wt%, 29.93wt%, 30.33wt%, 31.35wt%, 30.82wt%, 30.83wt%, 30.84wt %, 30.85% by weight, 31.23% by weight, 31.38% by weight, or 32.36% by weight.
  • the Nd content in the R can be conventional in the art, preferably 8-32wt%, more preferably 8.2-31.5wt%, such as 8.33wt%, 14.7wt%, 16.58wt%, 16.96wt% %, 18.47% by weight, 20.12% by weight, 20.73% by weight, 20.91% by weight, 21.11% by weight, 23.61% by weight or 31.06% by weight, and the percentage is the percentage of the total weight of the raw material composition.
  • the addition form of Nd in the R is conventional in the art, for example, in the form of PrNd, or in the form of pure Nd, or in the form of a mixture of pure Pr and Nd, or in the form of PrNd, pure The mixture of Pr and Nd is added jointly.
  • the weight ratio of Pr to Nd in PrNd is 25:75 or 20:80.
  • PrNd When the Nd in R is added in the form of PrNd, PrNd may be 0-30wt%, and not 0, preferably 0.5-28.14wt%, such as 1wt%, 11.11wt%, 19.6wt%, 22.61 wt%, 24.62 wt%, 26.83 wt%, or 27.64 wt%, and wt% is the weight percentage of the element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B.
  • the content of Ho in the R is preferably 0-10 wt%, and not 0, more preferably 0.2-10 wt%; most preferably 0.8-8 wt%, such as 0.45 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5wt%, 2.8wt%, 5wt%, 6wt% or 7.5wt%.
  • the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R is preferably 0.1-3.8 wt%, more preferably 0.2-3.7 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, or 3.64 wt%.
  • the content of Dy is preferably 0.1-2wt%, more preferably 0.5-2.5wt%, such as 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, 1wt%, 1.2wt %, 2wt% or 2.5wt%.
  • the content of Tb is preferably 0.1-4wt%, more preferably 0.25-3.8wt%, such as 0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.7wt%, 1.5wt%, 2wt %, 2.5wt%, 3wt%, 3.5wt% or 3.64wt%.
  • the weight ratio of Dy and Tb can be conventional in the art, generally 1:99-99:1, such as 50:50, 70:30, 60:40, 25 :75 or 40:60.
  • the R preferably does not contain heavy rare earth metals other than Ho, Dy or Tb.
  • the definitions or types of the heavy rare earth metals are conventional in the art, and the heavy rare earth metals may include elements such as erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and yttrium after gadolinium, for example.
  • the R may also include other conventional rare earth elements in the art, such as Pr and/or Sm.
  • the addition form of Pr is conventional in the art, for example, in the form of PrNd, or in the form of a mixture of pure Pr and Nd, or combined with a mixture of PrNd and pure Pr and Nd Add to.
  • the weight ratio of Pr to Nd in PrNd is 25:75 or 20:80.
  • the content of Pr is preferably 0-20wt%, more preferably 0.3-19wt%, such as 0.33wt%, 2.77wt%, 4.9wt%, 5.65wt%, 6.16wt%, 6.71wt%, 6.91wt%, 7.04wt%, 9.05wt% or 18.94wt%, wherein the percentage is the percentage of the total weight of the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B.
  • the content of Sm is preferably 0-3wt%, such as 0.9wt% or 2wt%, where the percentage is the total weight of the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B Percentage.
  • the content of Co is preferably 0.02-0.45% by weight, such as 0.1% by weight, 0.2% by weight, 0.25% by weight, 0.3% by weight, 0.35% by weight, or 0.4% by weight.
  • the content of B is preferably 0.92-1.02wt%, such as 0.95wt%, 0.9wt% or 0.99wt%.
  • the content of Cu is preferably 0.05-0.3wt%, more preferably 0.1-0.3wt%, for example 0.15wt%, 0.2wt% or 0.25wt%.
  • the content of Ga is preferably 0.02-0.35% by weight, such as 0.05% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.15% by weight, 0.21% by weight, 0.25% by weight or 0.3% by weight.
  • the content of Al is preferably 0-0.3wt%, more preferably 0-0.1wt%, most preferably 0-0.04wt%, such as 0wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.03wt% Or 0.04wt%.
  • the content of Al may be the range of the Al content of impurities introduced in the process of preparing the neodymium iron boron material, or it may be the content of Al added additionally.
  • the range may be the range of the content of Al as an impurity introduced in the process of preparing the neodymium iron boron material.
  • the type of X is preferably one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr and Hf, and more preferably Ti, Nb, Zr or Hf.
  • the type of X may be "mixture of Zr and Ti", “mixture of Nb and Mo", “mixture of Hf and Ta” or “mixture of V, W and Cr”.
  • the type of X may be V, Mo, W, Ta or Cr.
  • the content of X is preferably 0.1-0.4wt%, such as 0.14wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.18wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.33wt% or 0.39wt%.
  • the content of the Zr is preferably 0.05-0.25 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.19 wt%, or 0.2 wt%.
  • the content of Ti is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.08 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.14 wt%, or 0.15 wt%.
  • the content of Nb is preferably 0.02-0.4 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, or 0.25 wt%.
  • the content of Hf is preferably 0.02-0.1 wt%, for example, 0.03 wt% or 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of V is preferably 0.02-0.1 wt%, for example, 0.05 wt%.
  • the content of the Mo is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of W is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of Ta is preferably 0.01-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of Cr is preferably 0.05-0.15 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the type of X may be "mixture of Zr and Ti", “mixture of Nb and Mo", “mixture of Hf and Ta” or “mixture of V, W and Cr”.
  • the weight of Nb and Mo is preferably 13-18:10, such as 15:10.
  • the weight of Hf and Ta is preferably 1:(0.8-1.2), for example, 1:1.
  • the weight of V, W, and Cr is preferably 1:(1.5-2.5):(1.5-2.5), for example, 1:2:2.
  • the weight of Zr and Ti is preferably (15-22): 20, such as 19:20.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B may further include Mn.
  • the content of Mn is less than or equal to 0.035 wt%, more preferably less than or equal to 0.0175 wt%, and the foregoing percentage is the weight percentage of the total raw material composition of the Mn element and the neodymium iron boron magnet material B.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B includes: R: 30-32wt%; the R is a rare earth element and includes PrNd, Ho and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 19-29wt%; Ho: 1-10wt%; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" is 0-3wt%, and is not 0;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.25wt%
  • B 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%
  • Cu 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%
  • Ga 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%
  • Al 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • X 0.05 ⁇ 0.25wt%
  • the type of X includes one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr, and Hf;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B; the raw material composition does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B includes: R: 30-32wt%; the R is a rare earth element and includes PrNd, Ho, and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 19- 28wt%; Ho: 1-5wt%; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" is 0-2wt%, and is not 0;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.1wt% (more preferably 0wt%); B: 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%; Cu: 0.1 ⁇ 0.2wt%; Ga: 0.2 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Al: 0 ⁇ 0.1wt%; X: 0.1 ⁇ 0.25wt%; the type of X includes Ti or Zr;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B; the raw material composition does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B may further include:
  • R 30.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element and includes PrNd, Pr, Ho and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 8-15wt% (more preferably 10-12wt%); Ho:0 -5wt% (more preferably 0-1wt%), and not 0; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" is 2-4wt%;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.25wt% (more preferably 0wt%); B: 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%; Cu: 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Ga: 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Al: 0 ⁇ 0.3wt%; X: 0.3-0.5wt%; the type of X includes Ti and/or Zr;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B; the raw material composition does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B can be any one of the following numbers 1-19 (wt%):
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the neodymium iron boron magnet material B.
  • the raw material composition of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B is smelted, powdered, formed, and sintered.
  • the present invention also provides a neodymium iron boron magnet material B prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.
  • the present invention also provides a neodymium iron boron magnet material B, which contains: R: 28-32.5wt%;
  • the R is a rare earth element and includes Nd, Ho, and "Dy and/or Tb"; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" is 0-4 wt%, and is not 0;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • B 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%
  • Cu 0 ⁇ 0.35wt% and not 0
  • Ga 0 ⁇ 0.35wt% but not 0
  • Al 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • X 0.05-0.45wt%
  • the X includes one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, V, Mo, W, Ta and Cr
  • Fe 65.5-69wt%
  • wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material B;
  • the NdFeB magnet material B does not contain Gd
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material B includes Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal grains and its shell layer, grain boundary epitaxial layer and neodymium-rich phase; Ho in the R is mainly distributed in the Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal grains and the The grain boundary epitaxial layer.
  • the content of R is preferably 29-32.5wt%, such as 29.13wt%, 29.64wt%, 29.93wt%, 30.33wt%, 31.35wt%, 30.82wt%, 30.83wt%, 30.84wt %, 30.85% by weight, 31.23% by weight, 31.38% by weight, or 32.36% by weight.
  • the Nd content in the R can be conventional in the art, preferably 8-32wt%, more preferably 8.2-31.5wt%, such as 8.33wt%, 14.7wt%, 16.58wt%, 16.96wt% %, 18.47% by weight, 20.12% by weight, 20.73% by weight, 20.91% by weight, 21.11% by weight, 23.61% by weight, or 31.06% by weight, and the percentage is the percentage of the total weight of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B.
  • the addition form of Nd in the R is conventional in the art, for example, in the form of PrNd, or in the form of pure Nd, or in the form of a mixture of pure Pr and Nd, or in the form of PrNd, pure The mixture of Pr and Nd is added jointly.
  • the weight ratio of Pr to Nd in PrNd is 25:75 or 20:80.
  • PrNd When the Nd in R is added in the form of PrNd, PrNd may be 0-30wt%, and not 0, preferably 0.5-28.14wt%, such as 1wt%, 11.11wt%, 19.6wt%, 22.61 wt%, 24.62wt%, 26.83wt% or 27.64wt%, and wt% is the weight percentage of the element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material B.
  • the content of Ho in the R is preferably 0-10 wt%, and not 0, more preferably 0.2-10 wt%; most preferably 0.8-8 wt%, such as 0.45 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5wt%, 2.8wt%, 5wt%, 6wt% or 7.5wt%.
  • the content of "Dy and/or Tb" in the R is preferably 0.1-3.8 wt%, more preferably 0.2-3.7 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, or 3.64 wt%.
  • the content of Dy is preferably 0.1-2wt%, more preferably 0.5-2.5wt%, such as 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, 1wt%, 1.2wt %, 2wt% or 2.5wt%.
  • the content of Tb is preferably 0.1-4wt%, more preferably 0.25-3.8wt%, such as 0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.7wt%, 1.5wt%, 2wt %, 2.5wt%, 3wt%, 3.5wt% or 3.64wt%.
  • the weight ratio of Dy and Tb can be conventional in the art, generally 1:99-99:1, such as 50:50, 70:30, 60:40, 25 :75 or 40:60.
  • the R preferably does not contain heavy rare earth metals other than Ho, Dy or Tb.
  • the definitions or types of the heavy rare earth metals are conventional in the art, and the heavy rare earth metals may include elements such as erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and yttrium after gadolinium, for example.
  • the R may also include other conventional rare earth elements in the art, such as Pr and/or Sm.
  • the addition form of Pr is conventional in the art, for example, in the form of PrNd, or in the form of a mixture of pure Pr and Nd, or combined with a mixture of PrNd and pure Pr and Nd Add to.
  • the weight ratio of Pr to Nd in PrNd is 25:75 or 20:80.
  • the content of Pr is preferably 0-20wt%, more preferably 0.3-19wt%, such as 0.33wt%, 2.77wt%, 4.9wt%, 5.65wt%, 6.16wt%, 6.71wt%, 6.91wt%, 7.04wt%, 9.05wt% or 18.94wt%, wherein the percentage is the weight percentage of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B.
  • the content of Sm is preferably 0-3 wt%, such as 0.9 wt% or 2 wt%, where the percentage is the weight percentage of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B.
  • the content of Co is preferably 0.02-0.45% by weight, such as 0.1% by weight, 0.2% by weight, 0.25% by weight, 0.3% by weight, 0.35% by weight, or 0.4% by weight.
  • the content of B is preferably 0.92-1.02wt%, such as 0.95wt%, 0.9wt% or 0.99wt%.
  • the content of Cu is preferably 0.05-0.3wt%, more preferably 0.1-0.3wt%, for example 0.15wt%, 0.2wt% or 0.25wt%.
  • the content of Ga is preferably 0.02-0.35% by weight, such as 0.05% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.15% by weight, 0.21% by weight, 0.25% by weight or 0.3% by weight.
  • the content of Al is preferably 0-0.3wt%, more preferably 0-0.1wt%, most preferably 0-0.04wt%, such as 0wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.03wt% Or 0.04wt%.
  • the content of Al may be the range of the Al content of impurities introduced in the process of preparing the neodymium iron boron material, or it may be the content of Al added additionally.
  • the range may be the range of the content of Al as an impurity introduced in the process of preparing the neodymium iron boron material.
  • the type of X is preferably one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr and Hf, and more preferably Ti, Nb, Zr or Hf.
  • the type of X may be "mixture of Zr and Ti", “mixture of Nb and Mo", “mixture of Hf and Ta” or “mixture of V, W and Cr”.
  • the type of X may be V, Mo, W, Ta or Cr.
  • the content of X is preferably 0.1-0.4wt%, such as 0.14wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.18wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.33wt% or 0.39wt%.
  • the content of the Zr is preferably 0.05-0.25 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.19 wt%, or 0.2 wt%.
  • the content of Ti is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.08 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.14 wt%, or 0.15 wt%.
  • the content of Nb is preferably 0.02-0.4 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, or 0.25 wt%.
  • the content of Hf is preferably 0.02-0.1 wt%, for example, 0.03 wt% or 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of V is preferably 0.02-0.1 wt%, for example, 0.05 wt%.
  • the content of the Mo is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of W is preferably 0.05-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of Ta is preferably 0.01-0.2 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the content of Cr is preferably 0.05-0.15 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%.
  • the type of X may be "mixture of Zr and Ti", “mixture of Nb and Mo", “mixture of Hf and Ta” or “mixture of V, W and Cr”.
  • the weight of Nb and Mo is preferably 13-18:10, such as 15:10.
  • the weight of Hf and Ta is preferably 1:(0.8-1.2), for example, 1:1.
  • the weight of V, W, and Cr is preferably 1:(1.5-2.5):(1.5-2.5), for example, 1:2:2.
  • the weight of Zr and Ti is preferably (15-22): 20, such as 19:20.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material B may also include Mn.
  • the content of Mn is less than or equal to 0.035 wt%, more preferably less than or equal to 0.0175 wt%, and the foregoing percentage is the weight percentage of the Mn element and the total amount of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material B includes: R: 30-32wt%; the R is a rare earth element and includes PrNd, Ho and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 19- 29wt%; Ho: 1-10wt%; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" is 0-3wt%, and is not 0;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.25wt%
  • B 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%
  • Cu 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%
  • Ga 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%
  • Al 0 ⁇ 0.5wt%
  • X 0.05 ⁇ 0.25wt%
  • the type of X includes one or more of Ti, Nb, Zr, and Hf;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material B; the neodymium iron boron magnet material B does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material B includes: R: 30-32wt%; the R is a rare earth element and includes PrNd, Ho and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 19-28wt%; Ho :1-5wt%; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" is 0-2wt%, and is not 0;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.1wt% (more preferably 0wt%); B: 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%; Cu: 0.1 ⁇ 0.2wt%; Ga: 0.2 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Al: 0 ⁇ 0.1wt%; X: 0.1 ⁇ 0.25wt%; the type of X includes Ti or Zr;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material B; the neodymium iron boron magnet material B does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material B may further include:
  • R 30.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element and includes PrNd, Pr, Ho and "Dy and/or Tb"; PrNd: 8-15wt% (more preferably 10-12wt%); Ho:0 -5wt% (more preferably 0-1wt%), and not 0; the content of "Dy and/or Tb" is 2-4wt%;
  • Co 0 ⁇ 0.25wt% (more preferably 0wt%); B: 0.9 ⁇ 1.05wt%; Cu: 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Ga: 0.1 ⁇ 0.35wt%; Al: 0 ⁇ 0.3wt%; X: 0.3-0.5wt%; the type of X includes Ti and/or Zr;
  • the wt% is the weight percentage of each element in the neodymium iron boron magnet material B; the neodymium iron boron magnet material B does not contain Gd; the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the neodymium iron boron magnet material B can be any one of the following numbers 1-19 (wt%):
  • the invention also provides an application of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A and/or the neodymium iron boron magnet material B in the preparation of magnetic steel.
  • the magnet steel can be 45Uh, 48UH or 52UH.
  • the magnet steel can be 45EH, 48EH or 52EH.
  • the total weight of the raw material composition changes.
  • the weight percentage content of existing elements other than Fe does not change, and only the percentage content of Fe element is reduced. That is, when a certain element is newly added, only the percentage of Fe element is adjusted, and the percentages of other existing elements remain unchanged, so that the total content of each element is 100%.
  • the total weight of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A or B changes.
  • the weight percentage content of existing elements other than Fe does not change, and only the percentage content of Fe element is reduced. That is, when a certain element is newly added, only the percentage of Fe element is adjusted, and the percentages of other existing elements remain unchanged, so that the total content of each element is 100%.
  • carbon impurities are generally unavoidably introduced in the preparation process, and the content is generally 0 to 0.12 wt%, and the above percentage is the weight percentage of the amount of C element to the total amount.
  • the reagents and raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available.
  • the remanence and coercivity of the material can be adjusted by adjusting the type and amount of each element within a specific range, and increase its Curie temperature, improve high temperature stability.
  • the Br of the neodymium iron boron magnet material A can be 11.8-14.26 kGs, and the Hcj can be 26.54-37.5 kOe; the increase in Hcj after diffusion can be 8-12 kOe.
  • Br can be 10.5-12.56kGs, and Hcj can be 12-21.5kOe.
  • the 140°C open circuit magnetic loss of NdFeB magnet material A can be 0.01 ⁇ 0.89%, the absolute value of Br temperature coefficient at 140°C can be 0.092 ⁇ 0.102%; the absolute value of Hcj temperature coefficient at 140°C is 0.37 ⁇ 0.462%; The grain boundary continuity can be 96-97.3%.
  • the Br of the neodymium iron boron magnet material B can be 11.95-14.29 kGs, and the Hcj can be 16.2-29.5 kOe.
  • Fig. 1 is an SEM photograph of the NdFeB magnet material B before diffusion prepared in Example 4, in which the arrow indicates the new phase formed in the shell structure of the grain boundary edge of the main phase and the Nd-rich phase.
  • FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of the NdFeB magnet material B before diffusion prepared in Comparative Example 10.
  • FIG. 3 is the EPMA spectrum of the diffused neodymium iron boron magnet material A prepared in Example 5.
  • Fig. 4 is an EDS photograph of the diffused neodymium iron boron magnet material A prepared in Example 4, in which 1, 2, and 3 respectively indicate sampling points at different positions.
  • the equipment used for the magnetic performance evaluation is the PFM-14 magnetic performance measuring instrument manufactured by Hirst, UK.
  • PrNd is commercially available, and the mass ratio of Pr to Nd is 25:75.
  • Table 1 The formula and content (wt%) of the raw material composition of Examples 1-19 and Comparative Examples 1-11 of NdFeB magnet material A
  • Airflow milling process Under nitrogen atmosphere, the powder after hydrogen crushing is pulverized under the condition of 0.65MPa in the crushing chamber (the efficiency of airflow milling powder may vary according to the equipment. For example, it can be 200kg/h) to obtain fine powder.
  • each molded body is moved to a sintering furnace for sintering, sintered under a vacuum of less than 0.5 Pa, and sintered at 1030-1090°C for 2-8 hours to obtain a sintered body.
  • R2 such as Tb alloy or fluoride, Dy alloy or fluoride and one or more of DyCuGa and TbCuGa alloy
  • R2 such as Tb alloy or fluoride, Dy alloy or fluoride and one or more of DyCuGa and TbCuGa alloy
  • the surface is diffused at a temperature of 900°C for 5-15h, then cooled to room temperature, and then subjected to low-temperature tempering treatment at a temperature of 460-510°C for 1-3h.
  • Table 2 The formula and content (wt%) of the raw material composition of Examples 1-19 and Comparative Examples 1-11 of NdFeB magnet material B
  • Carbon impurities are generally inevitably introduced in the preparation processes of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention, and the content is 0-0.12 wt%, and the above percentage is the weight percentage of the amount of C element in the total.
  • Each component of the neodymium iron boron magnet material is measured using a high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, instrument model: Icap6300).
  • ICP-OES high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
  • Table 3-4 shows the test results of the material composition. Taking Example 1 as an example, the types and amounts of elements detected from the neodymium iron boron material A are the same as those of the raw material composition disclosed in Table 1.
  • NdFeB magnet material is tested by PFM-14 magnetic performance measuring instrument from British Hirst Company (test sample is a disc with diameter D10mm*thickness 1.8mm); Table 5-6 shows the magnetic properties Can detect results.
  • 140°C open circuit magnetic loss means that after NdFeB magnet material A is baked in an oven at 140°C for a certain period of time (such as 120min), the magnetic flux at 20°C and 140°C is calculated by comparison, and the magnetic flux after 140°C is calculated Open circuit magnetic loss.
  • the calculation method of grain boundary continuity refers to the length occupied by phases other than voids in the grain boundary (such as the neodymium-rich phase, the same in the grain boundary epitaxial layer) and the total grain boundary length
  • the ratio is calculated by calculating the total grain boundary length of the main phase and the neodymium-rich phase in the SEM photo, and the total grain boundary length of other phases except the main phase. Grain boundary continuity of more than 96% can be called continuous channel.
  • the grain boundary continuity in Table 5-6 is the test index of the NdFeB magnet material A after diffusion.
  • FIG. 1 is the SEM photograph of the sintered body base material of the NdFeB magnet material B (52EH without Co and Ho) before diffusion prepared in Example 4, in which the arrow is marked at the grain boundary edge of the main phase and the neodymium-rich phase A new phase formed in the shell structure.
  • the neodymium-rich phase is more distributed and evenly distributed around the main phase particles (the black voids are caused by the oxidation and shedding of the neodymium-rich phase). That is to say, the neodymium iron boron magnet material B before diffusion forms a grain boundary epitaxial layer structure that is conducive to diffusion (the arrow in FIG. 1), and the grain boundary continuity is relatively high.
  • Figure 2 is the SEM photograph of the sintered body base material of NdFeB magnet material B before diffusion (without Ho, Cu, Ga, Zr and Co added) prepared in Comparative Example 10.
  • the distribution of the Nd-rich phase is not obvious, and there is agglomeration.
  • the particles in the main phase are less distributed and do not have the effect of magnetic decoupling, which is not conducive to the improvement of coercive force and the subsequent Dy and/or Tb diffusion process, and it does not provide evenly distributed neodymium-rich phase diffusion channels.
  • Comparative Example 10 did not form a grain boundary epitaxial layer structure favorable for diffusion. From the comparison of Fig. 1 and Fig.
  • the pre-diffusion NdFeB magnet material B prepared in Example 4 of the present invention has a significantly higher proportion of the neodymium-rich phase than the pre-diffusion NdFeB magnet material B prepared in Comparative Example 10, and it is uniform Distributed around the main phase particles.
  • FIG. 3 is the EPMA spectrum of the diffused neodymium iron boron magnet material A prepared in Example 5 (instrument model: EPMA-1720). It can be seen from Figure 3 that after Tb diffusion of the 52EH sintered body without Co and Ho added, Tb diffuses uniformly in the grain boundary (the neodymium-rich phase mainly distributed in the grain boundary) and the main phase shell structure, without entering the main phase shell structure. In phase.
  • the "Conc" on the right represents the weight percentage, which represents the weight percentage of the Tb element in this position at this point, and different colors represent different weight percentages.
  • FIG. 4 is a SEM photograph of the diffused neodymium iron boron magnet material A prepared in Example 4, in which 1, 2, and 3 respectively indicate sampling points at different positions.
  • SEM-EDS backscattering instrument model: Hitachi S-3400N was used to observe the elemental composition of the magnet in the sampling range. See Table 7 below for details.
  • sampling point 1 belongs to the neodymium-rich phase.
  • the content of Ho is 0.06wt%
  • the content of PrNd is 81.53wt%
  • the content of Dy is 0.03
  • the content of other elements is 18.38wt%.
  • the above percentage is the weight percentage of the content of each element in the sampling range.
  • the Ho and Ho added in the Co-free formulation are mainly concentrated in the gray area in the main phase of the substrate (sample point 3 in Figure 4), followed by the grain boundary epitaxial layer (ie the main The grain boundary of the phase and the neodymium-rich phase is located along the shell structure, which can also be called the junction of the main phase and the neodymium-rich phase, and the two-grain boundary.
  • the sampling point 2) in Figure 4 is the white area in the middle of the neodymium-rich phase.
  • the inner Ho element is less distributed.
  • Ho mainly exists in the structure of HoFeB, forming the main phase structure of (NdHo)FeB, which can improve the anisotropy field of the main phase to a certain extent and optimize the microstructure of the sintered magnet.
  • Ho replaces Nd in the main phase, making more Nd migrate to the Nd-rich phase, increasing its volume fraction and continuity, and providing more diffusion channels for subsequent Dy or/and Tb diffusion.
  • grain boundary epitaxial layer refers to the "grain boundary shell structure of the main phase and the neodymium-rich phase"
  • EDS the composition of the neodymium-rich phase, the main phase and the grain boundary epitaxial layer
  • the ratio of the neodymium-rich phase and the grain boundary epitaxial layer to the total grain boundary phase is calculated from the picture above 97% ("97 %" refers to the area ratio of (neodymium-rich phase and grain boundary epitaxial layer)/total grain boundary phase), which is greater than the ratio of 95% of the conventional Co-containing magnet that the neodymium-rich phase occupies the total grain boundary phase, that is, the neodymium-rich phase is increased
  • the proportion of the epitaxial layer with the grain boundary increases the continuity of the grain boundary, and the coercivity is significantly improved.
  • the new phase is a Co-free and Ho-rich grain boundary epitaxial layer structure, which increases the proportion of the grain boundary epitaxial layer, so that the grain boundary continuity is improved, and the Co-free epitaxial layer structure is conducive to the formation of diffusion channels.
  • the formation of new phases, and the increase in the ratio of the neodymium-rich phase and the grain boundary epitaxial layer in the total grain boundary increase the anisotropy field of the main phase grain boundary epitaxial layer, and reduce the formation of magnetization reversal domain nuclei during demagnetization or high temperature. , Helps to significantly improve the effect of subsequent diffusion, so the coercive force is increased more.
  • the prepared NdFeB magnet material B forms a grain boundary epitaxial layer structure (new phase) that is conducive to diffusion, and the grain boundary continuity is higher, which is conducive to Dy and/ Or the Tb grain boundary diffuses, so that the Hcj increases significantly after diffusion, the open circuit magnetic loss is small, and the magnet performance is better at high temperature.
  • the various components cooperate with each other, coupled with the change of the microstructure (the formation of new phases and the specific distribution of each element), so that its high temperature resistance performance is good.
  • Comparative Example 3 Based on Example 3, the amount of Ho exceeds 10 wt%.
  • Comparative Example 3 the remanence at room temperature before diffusion is slightly lower, and the remanence after diffusion is smaller, and the coercive force is not significantly improved. At high temperature, the remanence and coercive force are low, the magnetic loss of full open circuit is large, and the grain boundary continuity is relatively low.
  • Comparative Example 4 Based on Example 5, Ga is removed, and Al exceeds 0.5 wt%.
  • Comparative Example 4 the excessive addition of Al will deteriorate the remanence and Curie temperature, the remanence and coercivity are low at room temperature before diffusion; the coercivity is not increased significantly after diffusion, and the remanence and coercivity are low at high temperature , The full-open circuit magnetic loss is relatively high, the absolute value of the temperature coefficient of Br and Hcj is large at high temperature, and the continuity of the grain boundary is low.
  • Comparative Example 5 Based on Example 3, Ga exceeds 0.35% by weight.
  • Comparative Example 6 the remanence is low, the coercivity is not significantly improved before and after diffusion, the high temperature resistance is poor, the high temperature full open circuit magnetic loss is significant, and the grain boundary continuity is relatively low.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau d'aimant à base de NdFeB (neodyme-fer-bore), une composition de matières premières de celui-ci, un procédé de préparation et une utilisation associés. Une composition de matières premières d'un matériau A d'aimant NdFeB, contient : 29,5 à 32,5 % en poids de R, R étant un élément des terres rares et comprenant un métal des terres rares R1 pour la fusion métallurgique et un métal des terres rares R2 pour la diffusion des joints de grains, R1 comprenant Nd, Ho, et Dy et/ou Tb, et R2 comprenant Dy et/ou Tb ; 0 à 0,5 % en poids de Co ; 0,9 à 1,05 % en poids de B ; 0 à 0,35 % en poids de Cu ; 0 à 0,35 % en poids de Ga ; 0 à 0,5 % en poids d'Al ; 0,05 à 0,45 % en poids de X, X comprenant au moins un élément parmi Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, V, Mo, W, Ta et Cr ; et 65 à 70 % en poids de Fe. La composition de matières premières du matériau A d'aimant NdFeB ne contient pas de Gd. Le matériau d'aimant NdFeB de la présente invention possède les avantages d'une rémanence élevée, d'une force coercitive élevée et de bonnes performances à températures élevées.
PCT/CN2021/088304 2020-04-30 2021-04-20 Matériau d'aimant ndfeb, et composition de matières premières de celui-ci, procédé de préparation et utilisation associés WO2021218698A1 (fr)

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CN112133552B (zh) * 2020-09-29 2022-05-24 烟台首钢磁性材料股份有限公司 一种晶界可调控的钕铁硼磁体制备方法

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