WO2021218320A1 - 探测器组件和辐射监测设备 - Google Patents

探测器组件和辐射监测设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021218320A1
WO2021218320A1 PCT/CN2021/077859 CN2021077859W WO2021218320A1 WO 2021218320 A1 WO2021218320 A1 WO 2021218320A1 CN 2021077859 W CN2021077859 W CN 2021077859W WO 2021218320 A1 WO2021218320 A1 WO 2021218320A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation intensity
scintillator
radiation
scintillator detectors
detector
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PCT/CN2021/077859
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张秋瑾
王海鹏
李宏宇
全葳
赵崑
王凯
靳增雪
贺宇
吴涛
邹文华
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同方威视技术股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021218320A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021218320A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/18—Measuring radiation intensity with counting-tube arrangements, e.g. with Geiger counters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
    • G01T1/2008—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors using a combination of different types of scintillation detectors, e.g. phoswich
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
    • G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
    • G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
    • G01T1/2023—Selection of materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
    • G01T1/362—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry with scintillation detectors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of radiation monitoring, in particular, to detector components and radiation monitoring equipment.
  • nuclear technology brings people While bringing great benefits, it also brings potential harm to our personal safety.
  • nuclear accident occurs, the high-energy gamma rays of various radionuclides rapidly diffuse in the air, not only causing harm to the human body, but also polluting the environment in which humans live.
  • Nuclear radiation monitoring is a guarantee for national defense safety, personal safety, and environmental safety. Therefore, accurate and rapid measurement and identification of nuclides is very necessary and important for formulating emergency nuclear accident treatment plans.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a detector assembly, including: a Geiger tube configured to detect rays with a radiation intensity value in a first radiation intensity range; and two or more scintillator detectors configured to detect For the ray with a radiation intensity value in the second radiation intensity range, two or more scintillator detectors are different scintillator detectors; wherein, the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the second radiation intensity range is greater than that of the first radiation intensity range The upper limit of the radiation intensity value is small; the signals output by two or more scintillator detectors and the nuclide used to jointly identify the rays, so that two or more scintillator detectors output signals are compared to determine two The signal output by one or more scintillator detectors is used as the energy spectrum of the ray; the signals output by the Geiger tube and two or more scintillator detectors are used to jointly identify the radiation intensity of the ray, The signal output by one of the Geiger tube and the two or more scintill
  • two or more scintillator detectors are configured to have different saturated radiation intensity values, and the upper limit of the radiation intensity range of each scintillator detector is equal to or less than the saturated radiation intensity value, and the Geiger tube The signals output from two or more scintillator detectors are used to jointly identify the radiation intensity of the rays.
  • the two or more scintillator detectors include a plurality of scintillator detectors with different sizes.
  • the two or more scintillator detectors include scintillator detectors of the same material or scintillator detectors of different materials.
  • two or more scintillator detectors are formed of metal iodides; and/or the rays are gamma rays and/or X-rays.
  • the two or more scintillator detectors include: a first scintillator detector configured to detect rays of a first sub-radiation intensity section with a radiation intensity value in a second radiation intensity range; and a second The scintillator detector is configured to detect rays of the second sub-radiation intensity value in the second radiation intensity range; wherein the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the first sub-radiation intensity value is smaller than the second sub-radiation intensity area The upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the segment.
  • the two or more scintillator detectors include a third scintillator detector configured to detect rays of a third sub-radiation intensity section with a radiation intensity value in the second radiation intensity range; wherein, the first The upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the second sub-radiation intensity section is smaller than the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the third sub-radiation intensity section.
  • two or more scintillator detectors are composed of sodium iodide crystal, cesium iodide crystal, antimony iodide crystal, cadmium zinc telluride, Cs 2 LiYCI 6 : Ce(CLYC), high-purity germanium crystal Any one or more of the forms.
  • the Geiger tube and the two or more scintillator detectors respectively have output terminals to output respective signals.
  • the detector assembly includes a detector housing, and the Geiger tube and the two or more scintillator detectors are arranged in one or more rows and housed in the detector housing.
  • One aspect of the present disclosure provides a radiation monitoring device, including: the above-mentioned detector assembly; and a host, configured to be coupled to the detector assembly and receive signals from the detector assembly, according to the Geiger tube and two or more The predetermined model and the predetermined radiation intensity measurement range of each of the multiple scintillator detectors process the Geiger tube and the signals of each of the two or more scintillator detectors, respectively, and modify them to convert them into the radiation intensity rate spectrum.
  • Graphs and energy spectrograms compare all the radiation intensity rate spectrograms and energy spectrograms in order to select the appropriate spectrum as the radiation intensity rate spectrogram and energy spectrogram of the detected rays, in which the Geiger tube and two or more scintillators
  • the signal output by the detector is used to obtain the radiation intensity rate spectrum of the ray
  • the signals output by two or more scintillator detectors are used to obtain the energy spectrum of the ray.
  • the host includes a multi-channel signal acquisition circuit configured to receive signals from each of the Geiger tube and two or more scintillator detectors; and a signal processing circuit configured to process two or more scintillator detectors, respectively.
  • the signals of each of the more scintillator detectors are used to obtain multiple spectrograms respectively, and the multiple spectra are compared to select a suitable spectrum as the radiation intensity rate spectrum and energy spectrum of the detected rays.
  • the host includes a processor circuit configured to receive signals from each of the Geiger tube and two or more scintillator detectors, and process the Geiger tube and two or more scintillators, respectively The signals of each of the detectors are used to obtain multiple spectrograms respectively, and the multiple spectrograms are compared to select a suitable spectrum as the radiation intensity rate spectrum and energy spectrum of the detected rays.
  • the host includes a communication unit configured to transmit the signal or map of the host in a wired or wireless manner.
  • the host includes a communication port
  • the communication port includes one of a wifi port and a network port of a wired network.
  • the host includes a power source to provide power to the host.
  • the host includes an alarm to send out an alarm signal when the radiation intensity exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the radiation monitoring device further includes a mainframe housing, wherein the mainframe is accommodated in the mainframe housing, and the detector housing and the mainframe housing are separated; or wherein the mainframe and the detector assembly are arranged in one Inside the shell.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detector assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detector assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detector assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a detector assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a host of a radiation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 is a functional schematic diagram of a radiation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an interface of a host of a radiation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Geiger tubes or Geiger counters can be used to detect nuclear radiation or radiation, but its performance needs to be further improved.
  • the Geiger counter tube is made according to the ability of radiation to ionize gas.
  • the radiation passes through the tube, the radiation ionizes the gas atoms in the tube to release electrons.
  • the electrons undergo avalanche amplification process and output a large-scale electric pulse signal at the anode.
  • the cosmic rays and natural gamma rays that exist in nature can ionize the gas in the Geiger counter to generate signals.
  • existing detectors may not be able to identify the peaks of the detected signal when the radiation intensity is high, or the radiation or the radiation source cannot be identified because of the low radiation intensity or the distance from the radiation source.
  • the present disclosure provides a detector assembly 100, including: a Geiger tube 20 for detecting radiation with a radiation intensity value in a first radiation intensity range; and two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12 for detecting The radiation in the second radiation intensity range of the radiation intensity value.
  • the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the second radiation intensity range is smaller than the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the first radiation intensity range; the signals output by multiple scintillator detectors are used to jointly identify the nuclides of the rays, so that by comparing two or more The signal output by multiple scintillator detectors determines the signal output by one of the two or more scintillator detectors as the energy spectrum of the ray, the signal output by the Geiger tube and the two or more scintillator detectors Used to jointly identify the radiation intensity of the rays, so that the signal output by the Geiger tube and one of the two or more scintillator detectors is determined by comparing the signals output by the two or more scintillator detectors as The radiation intensity spectrum of the rays.
  • the respective models and radiation intensity measurement ranges of the multiple scintillator detectors are combined to process the signals output by multiple scintillator detectors.
  • the spectrum obtained by the signal output by the scintillation detector with insufficient radiation intensity range is deformed or saturated, such as peak position shift or peak shape deformation, so the signal that should be discarded can be determined by observing the spectrum, and the appropriate scintillator can be selected for detection
  • the signal of the detector is used as the output radiation intensity measurement value of the ray, and the energy spectrum is drawn to identify the nuclide of the ray.
  • This embodiment is advantageous because for an unknown ray, its intensity value is unknown, even if the detector can sense the presence of the ray, but if the upper limit of the maximum radiation intensity that the detector can detect is less than the radiation intensity of the ray, Then the signal output by the detector is deformed or offset. In the absence of comparison, it is usually judged by experience or cannot be judged (the case of small deformation), or the signal output by the detector is regarded as the real result, which will lead to Measurement error:
  • the detector assembly provided in this embodiment provides multiple scintillator detectors so that the approximate range of the radiation intensity value of the radiation can be judged by comparison, and the spectrum that most accurately reflects the radiation measurement result is selected as the radiation measurement result. Improve the accuracy of the detector assembly.
  • the respective radiation intensity measurement ranges of the Geiger tube and two or more scintillator detectors (or the radiation intensity range, at this time, the range of the Geiger tube is the largest).
  • the multiple signals output by one or more scintillator detectors are compared.
  • the spectrum obtained by the signals output by the scintillator detector with insufficient radiation intensity range is saturated and discarded.
  • a suitable radiation intensity measurement value output by the scintillator detector for example, the signal measured by the Geiger tube is selected as the radiation intensity measurement value of the radiation with a larger radiation intensity value, and a suitable scintillator is selected for the radiation with a small radiation intensity value.
  • the signal output by the detector is used as the radiation intensity measurement value of the ray.
  • the accuracy of the signal output by the Geiger tube is insufficient, so the accuracy of the detector assembly provided in this embodiment can be improved.
  • the Geiger tube and two or more scintillator detectors have the largest radiation intensity range, that is, the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the first radiation intensity range is the largest, and the ratio of the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the second radiation intensity range
  • the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the first radiation intensity range is small.
  • the first radiation intensity range detected by the Geiger tube 20 may be, for example, >10uSv/h, and the second radiation intensity range detected by the corresponding two or more scintillator detectors may be ⁇ 10uSv/h.
  • the first radiation intensity range and the second radiation intensity range are artificially set, which are set according to the needs of the actual application, and the sizes of the Geiger tube 20 and the scintillator detector are set accordingly or appropriate materials are selected Detector, the signal detected by the corresponding detector within the set radiation intensity range can truly reflect the ray situation, in other words, the detected output signal of the detector within the non-set radiation intensity range is a false signal, that is When the intensity of radiation exceeds the saturation of the scintillation detector, the signal is distorted, where saturation or saturated radiation intensity is the maximum radiation intensity value that the detector can measure.
  • the radiation intensity value of the second radiation intensity range is substantially smaller than the radiation intensity value of the first radiation intensity range, which means that most of the radiation intensity values of the second radiation intensity range are less than the radiation intensity values of the first radiation intensity range, and this does not rule out There is an overlap between the second radiation intensity range and the first radiation intensity range.
  • the radiation corresponding to the radiation intensity value of the overlapping portion can be detected by the Geiger tube 20 or by at least one scintillator detector Detected. It should be noted that the radiation that can be detected by a Geiger tube or scintillation detector refers to the detection of the correct signal, not a false signal, because the Geiger tube or scintillation detector will have any radiation intensity. Response, but for rays beyond its measurement range, the output detection signal is distorted.
  • the radiation intensity range of each scintillator detector can be determined, and by changing the size or material of a scintillator detector, the saturation of the scintillator detector can be changed, that is, the radiation of the scintillator detector can be changed.
  • the specific product performance is that a certain model of scintillator detector has a corresponding radiation intensity range that can be measured.
  • Two or more scintillator detectors are configured to have different saturated radiation intensity values, respectively, and the upper limit of the radiation intensity range of each scintillator detector may be equal to or less than the saturated radiation intensity value.
  • the second radiation intensity range and the first radiation intensity range have an overlapping area
  • the Geiger tube 20 can detect the radiation intensity value in the overlapping area
  • two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 At least one of can detect the radiation intensity value in the overlapping area. This is advantageous.
  • the overlapping area can allow to reduce errors in the conversion and synthesis of the signal output by the detector.
  • radiation intensity can also be referred to as radiation dose.
  • a single scintillator detector may be saturated, and the spectrum may be severely deformed due to the peak stacking effect, and the nuclide identification may not be possible; at this time, the Geiger tube 20 can detect
  • the radiation intensity value of the ray for example, is characterized by the number of points or other means, but the Geiger tube cannot be used for nuclide identification, that is, to identify the inherent characteristic peaks of the radiation emitted by each substance.
  • the Geiger tube 20 has a function of detecting the intensity of radiation in a frequency band, but the Geiger tube 20 cannot perform radionuclide detection on the radiation.
  • the Geiger tube 20 can detect the radiation intensity value of the ray, and two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 can perform nuclide detection on the ray and measure the ray spectrum within the corresponding intensity range. .
  • two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 can detect rays with lower radiation intensity and can identify nuclides.
  • the signals output by two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 after receiving the rays are converted into maps to obtain a suitable map of the rays, which can supplement the map generated by the signal output by the Geiger tube 20 after receiving the rays.
  • the finally obtained spectrum is more complete, and the spectrum that the detector component can detect covers a wider area, that is, the radiation intensity detector component has an increased range and the saturation of the peak is increased.
  • two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 are configured to detect rays with different radiation intensity values, respectively.
  • the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 include a plurality of scintillator detectors with different sizes.
  • the Geiger tube 20 detects rays with a higher radiation intensity value
  • two or more scintillator detectors 11 and 12 respectively detect radiation intensity values within the range that the Geiger tube 20 cannot detect or distinguish.
  • the radiation intensity value of the radiation detected by the scintillator detector 11, 12 is in the second radiation intensity range, which is smaller than the radiation intensity value of the radiation detected by the Geiger tube 20.
  • the scintillator detector 11 detects rays with a smaller radiation intensity value in the second radiation intensity range
  • the scintillator detector 12 detects rays with a larger radiation intensity value in the second radiation intensity range.
  • the range of radiation intensity values that can be detected by the detector assembly 100 is increased relative to a Geiger tube 20, which adapts to more complicated situations, and is more friendly to the requirement on the distance from the radiation source during detection.
  • the scintillation detector 11 has a larger size, so it can be more sensitive to radiation, so it can detect the radiation when the radiation source is small, and provide radiation warning in time to prevent the radiation source (such as radioactive materials) from affecting the surrounding personnel.
  • the scintillation detector 12 has a smaller size, so the detection sensitivity is lower than that of the scintillation detector 11.
  • the scintillation detector 12 will not be saturated (at this time the scintillation detection If the detector 11 is saturated), the spectrum will not have a pile-up effect, and the nuclide recognition ability is maintained; in this embodiment, in addition to the Geiger tube 20, the detector assembly 100 also has a large scintillation detector 11 and a small scintillation detector 12 ( Figure 1 schematically represents the size of the two), so it can be applied to detect a wider radiation intensity/dose range, and the dose rate measurement error at the intensity value switching area is reduced.
  • the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 may include scintillator detectors of the same material or scintillator detectors of different materials.
  • Two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 may be formed of metal iodide.
  • the rays may be gamma rays, X-rays, or other rays; it may also be a mixture of multiple rays.
  • two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 can be composed of sodium iodide crystal, cesium iodide crystal, antimony iodide crystal, cadmium zinc telluride, Cs 2 LiYCI 6 : Ce(CLYC ), any one or more of the high-purity germanium crystals are formed.
  • the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, and 13 may include two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, and 13 formed by sodium iodide crystals, or may include two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, and 13 formed by cesium iodide crystals.
  • a scintillator detector formed by the formation of a scintillator detector and a cesium iodide crystal or may include one or more scintillator detectors formed by a sodium iodide crystal, and one or more scintillator detections formed by a cesium iodide crystal
  • the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 may include multiple scintillator detectors with the same size, may include multiple scintillator detectors with different sizes, or may include multiple scintillator detectors with the same size. A combination of scintillator detectors and multiple scintillator detectors of different sizes.
  • scintillator detectors More combinations or settings of scintillator detectors are not listed here one by one, and those skilled in the art can derive other combinations. Those skilled in the art can set up a combination of two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 and Geiger tube 20 of different materials according to the needs of the radiation intensity range.
  • the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12 may include: a first scintillator detector 11 configured to detect the first radiation intensity value in the second radiation intensity range And the second scintillator detector 12 configured to detect the rays of the second sub-radiation intensity section whose radiation intensity value is in the second radiation intensity range; wherein, the first sub-radiation intensity section The upper limit of the radiation intensity value is smaller than the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the second sub-radiation intensity value.
  • the dose rate range of the device is wider, the nuclide recognition capability is stronger, the detection sensitivity is high, the anti-stacking effect is strong, and the dose rate measurement error is small.
  • the first sub-radiation intensity section and the second sub-radiation intensity section may be consecutive.
  • the first sub-radiation intensity section is within the second sub-radiation intensity section, which can also be regarded as the first sub-radiation intensity section.
  • the segment and the second sub-radiation intensity section may have overlapping parts, because in the first sub-radiation intensity section, the detection result obtained by the first scintillator detector 11 is more accurate and will be output as the final result.
  • the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 include: a first scintillator detector 11 configured to detect the first radiation intensity value in the second radiation intensity range A second sub-radiation intensity section; a second scintillator detector 12 configured to detect rays of a second sub-radiation intensity section with a radiation intensity value in the second radiation intensity range; and a third scintillator detector 13 configured The radiation intensity value is in the second radiation intensity range of the third sub-radiation intensity range; wherein, the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the first sub-radiation intensity range is smaller than that of the second sub-radiation intensity value Upper limit, the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the second sub-radiation intensity value is smaller than the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the third sub-radiation intensity value.
  • the dose rate range of the device is wider, the nuclide recognition capability is stronger, the detection sensitivity is high, the anti-stacking effect is strong, and the dose rate measurement error is small.
  • the first sub-radiation intensity section, the second sub-radiation intensity section, and the third sub-radiation intensity section may have overlapping parts, and the first, second, and third sub-radiation intensity sections have the first sub-radiation intensity section Overlap part, but the third scintillator detector 13 is not reliable for detecting the radiation with the radiation intensity value in the first sub-radiation intensity section.
  • the first scintillator detector 11 needs to be used to detect the true spectrum of the radiation, and For the rays whose radiation intensity value exceeds the second sub-radiation intensity section, the signal output by the first scintillator detector 11 is a false signal (already saturated). At this time, the signal output by the third scintillator detector 13 can obtain the true ray Spectrogram, so the detector assembly according to this embodiment can realize accurate detection in the second radiation intensity range together.
  • the Geiger tube 20 and the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, and 13 respectively have output terminals to output respective signals.
  • the Geiger tube 20 and the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 are connected in parallel to output respective signals.
  • the detector assembly 100 includes a detector housing 1, the Geiger tube 20 and the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 are arranged In one or more rows and contained in the detector housing 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows an actual product diagram of a detector assembly 100, in which the first scintillator detector, the second scintillator detector and the Geiger tube 20 are arranged in the vertical direction in the figure, and the detector housing 1 is thus presented Tubular shape.
  • Figure 4 shows an actual product diagram of a detector assembly 100, in which the first scintillator detector and the second scintillator detector are side by side in the horizontal direction, and the Geiger tube 20 is at the bottom left of the second scintillator detector The first scintillator detector is on the upper right side of the second scintillator detector.
  • the arrangement of the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 and the Geiger tube 20 can be arranged as required, and their positional relationship does not substantially affect the performance of the detector assembly 100.
  • a radiation monitoring device including: the above-mentioned detector assembly 100; and a host 200 configured to be coupled to the detector assembly 100 and receive signals from the detector assembly 100, and The signal is converted to a spectrum. That is to say, the host 200 receives the signals of each of the scintillator detector and the Geiger tube 20 in the detector assembly 100, and processes these signals separately, including corrections and operations to remove noise, etc., and convert them into radiation intensity rates. Spectrogram and energy spectrogram, compare all radiant intensity rate spectrograms and energy spectrograms.
  • the intensity value is unknown, even if the detector can sense the presence of the rays, but if the upper limit of the maximum radiation intensity that the detector can detect is less than that of the rays Radiation intensity, the signal output by the detector is deformed or shifted. In the case of no comparison, it is usually judged by experience or cannot be judged (in case of small deformation), or the signal output by the detector is regarded as the real result , Will cause measurement errors.
  • the host can compare all the radiant intensity rate spectrograms with the energy spectrogram to select the best spectrum as the ray spectrum.
  • the output signal of the detector whose range is smaller than the radiation intensity value of the ray is deformed or drifted, so it is not true.
  • the radiation intensity value of the ray can be determined by comparing the spectra of multiple detectors. Range, so as to select the appropriate spectrum as the radiation intensity rate spectrum and energy spectrum of the detected rays.
  • the signals output by the Geiger tube 20 and two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13 are used to obtain the radiation intensity rate spectrum of the rays, and the signals output by the two or more scintillator detectors are used for Get the energy spectrum of the ray.
  • the respective models and radiation intensity measurement ranges of the multiple scintillator detectors are combined to process the signals output by multiple scintillator detectors.
  • the signal output by the scintillation detector with insufficient radiation intensity range is discarded, the signal of the appropriate scintillator detector is selected as the measured value of the output radiation intensity of the ray, the energy spectrum is drawn, and the nuclide of the ray is identified.
  • the radiation intensity of the ray combine the respective radiation intensity measurement ranges of the Geiger tube and two or more scintillator detectors (or the radiation intensity range, at this time, the range of the Geiger tube is the largest).
  • the multiple signals output by one or more scintillator detectors are processed respectively, and the signals output by the scintillation detectors with insufficient radiation intensity range are discarded, and the appropriate Geiger tube and two or more scintillator detectors are selected for output
  • the signal output by the Geiger tube is selected as the radiation intensity measurement value of the radiation with a larger radiation intensity value
  • the signal output by the appropriate scintillator detector is selected as the radiation radiation intensity of the radiation with a small radiation intensity value.
  • the Geiger tube and two or more scintillator detectors have the largest radiation intensity range, that is, the upper limit of the radiation intensity value in the first radiation intensity range is the largest, and the radiation intensity in the second radiation intensity range
  • the upper limit of the value is smaller than the upper limit of the radiation intensity value of the first radiation intensity range.
  • the signal output by the scintillator detector is saturated and cannot be used to identify nuclide and radiation Strength value. It is easy to understand that a detector assembly and radiation monitoring equipment have a reduced nuclide identification range and a larger radiation intensity measurement range.
  • the host 200 can be coupled to the detector assembly 100 through a signal line.
  • the Geiger tube 20 and the two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, and 13 respectively have different detectable radiation intensity ranges, they can work together within a widened radiation detection range. Detect the rays to obtain the energy spectrum and radiation intensity spectrum of the rays. In practical applications, according to the different models of the detector assembly 100, the corresponding combination of Geiger tube 20 and scintillator detector is set. Different scintillator detector models correspond to the detection of rays with different radiation intensity ranges, which is the so-called detection of different radiation Rays of intensity range. In fact, the scintillator detector also responds to rays that are not in the corresponding intensity range. However, the signal output by the detector does not truly reflect the spectrum of the rays.
  • the signal obtained is a false signal, and the host 200 is processing the signal.
  • the signal of the radiation intensity range corresponding to each detector can be extracted, modified separately to be converted into a spectrum respectively, and a suitable spectrum can be selected as the spectrum of the detected rays.
  • the host 200 may include a multi-channel signal acquisition circuit and a signal processing circuit configured to acquire detector signals, which is based on the Geiger tube 20 and two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13
  • a signal processing circuit configured to acquire detector signals, which is based on the Geiger tube 20 and two or more scintillator detectors 11, 12, 13
  • Each of the predetermined model and predetermined radiation intensity measurement range of each detector extracts the signal of the radiation intensity range corresponding to each detector, respectively corrects them to be converted into a spectrum respectively, and selects the appropriate spectrum as the spectrum of the detected rays; here, multiple channels
  • the signal acquisition circuit receives the signal of each of the two or more scintillator detectors, and the signal processing circuit processes the signals of each of the two or more scintillator detectors to obtain multiple spectra respectively, and Compare multiple spectra to select the appropriate one.
  • the signal detected by each scintillator detector can be normalized separately, (for example, the fixed peak of potassium 40 is used as the comparison peak) to correct the peak of the energy spectrum collected by each detector with the environment (such as temperature)
  • the spectrum detected by each scintillator detector is obtained; combined with the saturation radiation intensity value (that is, the dose range or radiation intensity range) and model of each scintillator detector, select the appropriate The spectrum is used as the spectrum of rays.
  • the host 200 may also only include a processor circuit, which can collect signals and process the signals to obtain a spectrum, that is, receive signals from each of two or more scintillator detectors, and separately The signals of each of the two or more scintillator detectors are processed to obtain multiple spectrograms respectively, and the multiple spectra are compared to select a suitable one as the spectrum of the detected rays.
  • a processor circuit which can collect signals and process the signals to obtain a spectrum, that is, receive signals from each of two or more scintillator detectors, and separately The signals of each of the two or more scintillator detectors are processed to obtain multiple spectrograms respectively, and the multiple spectra are compared to select a suitable one as the spectrum of the detected rays.
  • the host 200 and the detector assembly 100 may be arranged in the detector housing together.
  • the host 200 can be arranged in the host housing, and the detector assembly 100 is arranged in the detector housing.
  • the host housing and the detector housing realize signal communication through wires; they can also be plugged in in the form of plugs and sockets; It can be electrically connected by other means in the field.
  • the host 200 of the radiation monitoring device includes a communication unit configured to transmit the signal or the graph of the host 200 in a wired or wireless manner.
  • the host 200 of the radiation monitoring device includes a communication port, and the communication port includes one of a wifi port and a network port of a wired network.
  • the host 200 of the radiation monitoring device includes a power source to provide power to the host 200.
  • the power source can be, for example, a battery, such as a storage battery, a dry cell, or the like.
  • the host 200 includes an alarm for issuing an alarm signal when the radiation intensity exceeds a predetermined value.
  • an audible alarm signal may be issued, or it may be a light signal.
  • a beeping sound is emitted.
  • the radiation monitoring device includes a mainframe housing, wherein the mainframe 200 is accommodated in the mainframe housing; the detector housing 1 and the mainframe housing are separated.
  • Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 respectively show an arrangement schematic diagram and a principle diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the host 200 contains two signal acquisition circuit boards (ie, multi-channel signal acquisition circuits) 201 and a control circuit board (ie, signal processing circuit) 202, a 4G communication board 204, and a battery; there is a switch on the front of the host 200 Interface, there are 2 network ports LAN1 and LAN2 on the side, a device interface 203, and a DC power interface.
  • the interface diagram is shown in Figure 4.
  • the multi-channel acquisition circuit board 201 may be one or more multi-channel signal processing units based on programmable logic devices, and the control circuit board 202 may be a Linux embedded main control unit. It should be understood that the multi-channel acquisition circuit board 201 may be other multi-channel signal processing units, and the control circuit board 202 may be other main control units, and those skilled in the art can set it as needed.
  • FIG. 6 shows the working principle.
  • the detector assembly 100 composed of a large-sized NaI scintillator detector, a small-sized NaI scintillator detector, and a Geiger tube 20 is used to detect gamma rays; a programmable logic device is used to shape the signal output by the detector assembly 100 , Filtering, acquisition and other processing; Linux embedded main control unit reads the collected multi-channel signals, and performs related algorithm processing, and completes SMS alarm, sound and light alarm, data transmission, central monitoring software and other functions according to the control logic.
  • the host 200 may also include a storage device, such as an SD memory.
  • the radiation monitoring device of this embodiment has higher detection sensitivity and smaller dose rate measurement error; small size, light weight, easy to carry, install and maintain, and improve the safety of installation and maintenance personnel , It is convenient for the promotion and use of the equipment in the market; with configurable multiple communication interfaces, it is convenient for data transmission with different data receiving interfaces, which is conducive to the promotion and use of the equipment, and at the same time, it is easy to integrate on the basis of existing hardware and save the cost of use;
  • the chassis has fixed holes, simple loading and unloading methods and effective protective measures to ensure the safety of the equipment; it has effective waterproof, dustproof, anti-corrosion, anti-vibration, anti-electromagnetic interference, anti-lightning and anti-voltage overload characteristics.

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Abstract

公开一种探测器组件和辐射监测设备。探测器组件包括：盖革管，配置用于探测辐射强度值位于第一辐射强度范围的射线；和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器，配置用以探测在辐射强度值第二辐射强度范围的射线。第二辐射强度范围的辐射强度值比第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值小；两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于共同识别射线的核素。

Description

探测器组件和辐射监测设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年4月29日提交的、申请号为202010354414.X的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及辐射监测领域，具体地，涉及探测器组件和辐射监测设备。
背景技术
随着我国核技术的发展、能源结构的转型与核电项目的重启，核能的使用将对国防、工业、农业、科研、医疗卫生等领域的发展产生强大的推动力，然而在核技术给人们带来巨大利益的同时，也对我们的人身安全带来了潜在的危害。当发生核事故时，各种放射性核素的高能γ射线快速在空气中扩散，不仅接对人体造成伤害，而且也对人类生存的环境造成污染。核辐射监测是对国防安全，人身安全，环境安全保障，因此准确，快速测量和识别出核素，对制定应急核事故处理方案是十分必要且重要的。
发明内容
本公开的实施例提供一种探测器组件，包括：盖革管，配置用于探测辐射强度值位于第一辐射强度范围的射线；和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器，配置用以探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的所述射线，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器是不同的闪烁体探测器；其中，第二辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限比第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限小；两个或多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号与用于共同识别所述射线的核素，使得通过对比两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号确定两个或更多个闪烁体探测器中的一个输出的信号作为射线的能谱图；盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于共同识别所述射线的辐射强度量，使得通过对比两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号确定盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器中的一个输出的信号作为射线的辐射强度谱图。
在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器配置成分别具有不同的饱和辐射强度值，每个闪烁体探测器的辐射强度范围的上限等于或小于饱和辐射强度值，盖革管和两 个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于共同识别所述射线的辐射强度量。
在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器包括多个具有不同尺寸的闪烁体探测器。
在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器包括相同材料的闪烁体探测器或不同材料的闪烁体探测器。
在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器由金属的碘化物形成；和/或所述射线是伽马射线和/或X射线。
在一个实施例中，两个或多个闪烁体探测器包括：第一闪烁体探测器，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第一子辐射强度区段的射线；和第二闪烁体探测器，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第二子辐射强度区段的射线；其中，第一子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限小于第二子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限。
在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器包括第三闪烁体探测器，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第三子辐射强度区段的射线；其中，第二子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限小于第三的子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限。
在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器由碘化钠晶体、碘化铯晶体、碘化锑晶体、碲锌镉、Cs 2LiYCI 6：Ce(CLYC)、高纯锗晶体中的任一项或多项形成。
在一个实施例中，所述盖革管和所述两个或更多个闪烁体探测器分别具有输出端以便分别输出各自的信号。
在一个实施例中，探测器组件包括探测器壳体，所述盖革管和所述两个或更多个闪烁体探测器布置成一排或多排并容纳在所述探测器壳体内。
本公开一方面提供一种辐射监测设备，包括：上述的探测器组件；和主机，配置成耦接所述探测器组件并接收所述探测器组件的信号，根据盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的预定型号和预定辐射强度测量范围分别处理盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号，分别修正以分别转换为辐射强度率谱图和能谱图，对比所有辐射强度率谱图和能谱图以便选择合适的图谱作为探测的射线的辐射强度率谱图和能谱图，其中盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于得出射线的辐射强度率谱图，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于得出射线的能谱图。
在一个实施例中，主机包括多道信号采集电路，配置用于接收盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号；和信号处理电路，配置成分别处理两个或更多个闪烁 体探测器的每一个的信号以分别得出多个谱图，并将多个谱图对比以便选择合适的谱图作为探测的射线的辐射强度率谱图和能谱图。
在一个实施例中，主机包括处理器电路，配置为接收盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号，并分别处理盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号以分别得出多个谱图，并将多个谱图对比以便选择合适的谱图作为探测的射线的辐射强度率谱图和能谱图。
在一个实施例中，主机包括通信单元，配置用于将主机的信号或图谱以有线或无线的方式发射出去。
在一个实施例中，主机包括通信端口，所述通信端口包括wifi端口、有线网络的网络端口中的一种。
在一个实施例中，主机包括电源，用以给主机提供电力。
在一个实施例中，主机包括报警器，用以在辐射强度超过预定值时发出报警信号。
在一个实施例中，其中，辐射监测设备还包括主机壳体，其中所述主机容纳在主机壳体内，探测器壳体和主机壳体是分离的；或其中，主机与探测器组件设置在一个壳体内。
附图说明
图1为根据本公开一个实施例的探测器组件的示意图。
图2为根据本公开一个实施例的探测器组件的示意图。
图3为根据本公开一个实施例的探测器组件的示意图。
图4为根据本公开一个实施例的探测器组件的示意图。
图5为根据本公开一个实施例的辐射监测设备的主机的示意图。
图6为根据本公开一个实施例的辐射监测设备的功能示意图。
图7为根据本公开一个实施例的辐射监测设备的主机的接口示意图。
具体实施方式
以下提供多个实施例用以示出本公开的多个技术方案，然而，所示出的实施例并非全部而是部分。本领域技术人员从所公开的实施例可以理解本公开的总体构思，并由此得出其他实施形式。
目前可以使用盖革管或盖革计数器探测核辐射或射线，然而其性能需要进一步改善。
盖革计数管是根据射线能使气体电离的性能制成的，管内有射线穿过时，射线使管内气体原子电离放出电子，电子经过雪崩放大过程，在正极输出大幅度的电脉冲信号。自然界中存在的宇宙射线、天然γ射线都能在盖革计数管内使气体电离从而产生信号。
但是现有的探测器在辐射强度较大的情况下可能会出现探测的信号的峰堆积而无法识别，或者因为辐射强度小或距离辐射源较远而无法识别射线或辐射源。
本公开提供一种探测器组件100，包括：盖革管20，用于探测辐射强度值位于第一辐射强度范围的射线；和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12，用以探测在辐射强度值第二辐射强度范围的所述射线。第二辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限比第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限小；多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于共同识别所述射线的核素，使得通过对比两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号确定两个或更多个闪烁体探测器中的一个输出的信号作为射线的能谱图，盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于共同识别所述射线的辐射强度量，使得通过对比两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号确定盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器中的一个输出的信号作为射线的辐射强度谱图。
在本实施例中，分别结合多个闪烁体探测器各自的型号和辐射强度测量范围(也可以称为辐射强度量程，在各自的量程内是准确的)处理多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号，辐射强度量程不足的闪烁探测器输出的信号得到的谱图变形或饱和，例如峰位偏移或峰形变形，因而可以通过观察谱图可以确定应该被舍弃的信号，选择合适的闪烁体探测器的信号作为射线的输出辐射强度测量值，绘制能谱图，识别所述射线的核素。本实施例是有利的，因为对于未知的射线来说，其强度值是未知的，即使探测器能够感测到射线的存在，然而如果探测器能够探测的最大辐射强度上限小于射线的辐射强度，则探测器输出的信号是变形的或偏移的，没有比对的情况下，通常依靠经验判断或者无法判断(变形小的情况)，或者把探测器输出的信号当作真实的结果，会导致测量误差；本实施例提供的探测器组件通过提供多个闪烁体探测器因而可以通过比对判断射线的辐射强度值的大致范围，选择最准确反应射线测量结果的谱图作为射线的测量结果，提高了探测器组件的精确性。
对于射线的辐射强度，结合盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器各自的辐射强度测量范围(或辐射强度量程，此时盖革管的量程最大)，对从盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁 体探测器分别输出的多个信号进行对比，辐射强度量程不足的闪烁体探测器输出的信号得到的谱图饱和而被舍弃，选取盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器中合适的一个输出的辐射强度测量值，例如较大辐射强度值的射线选取盖革管测量的信号作为射线的辐射强度测量值，而对于辐射强度值小的射线选取合适闪烁体探测器输出的信号作为射线的辐射强度测量值，此时盖革管输出的信号精确度就不够，因而本实施例提供的探测器组件的精度可以被提高。应该知道盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器以盖革管的辐射强度量程最大，即第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限最大，第二辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限比第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限小，当射线的辐射强度值超出第二辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限，闪烁体探测器输出的信号已经饱和不能用于识别核素。盖革管20探测的第一辐射强度范围可以为例如：＞10uSv/h，而相应的两个或更多个闪烁体探测器探测的第二辐射强度范围可以为≤10uSv/h。此处应该说明，第一辐射强度范围和第二辐射强度范围是人为设定的，根据实际应用的需要设定，相应地设定盖革管20和闪烁体探测器的尺寸或选择合适的材料探测器，在设定的辐射强度范围内对应的探测器探测的信号可以真实反映射线的情况，换句话说，在非设定的辐射强度范围内该探测器探测输出的信号是伪信号，即辐射的强度超过闪烁探测器的饱和度时信号失真，此处饱和度或饱和辐射强度是该探测器能够测量的最大辐射强度值。第二辐射强度范围的辐射强度值基本上比第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值小，意味着第二辐射强度范围的大多数辐射强度值小于第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值，并不排除第二辐射强度范围与第一辐射强度范围存在交叠的部分，在这种情况下，交叠部分的辐射强度值对应的射线可以被盖革管20探测，也可以被至少一个闪烁体探测器探测到。需要说明的是，此处所说的射线能够被盖革管或闪烁探测器探测指的是探测到正确的信号，而不是伪信号，因为盖革管或闪烁探测器对于任何辐射强度的射线都会有反应，然而对于超出其测量范围的射线来说，输出的探测信号是失真的。
应该了解，每个闪烁体探测器的辐射强度范围可以是确定的，而通过改变一个闪烁体探测器的尺寸或材料可以改变该闪烁体探测器的饱和度，即改变该闪烁体探测器的辐射强度范围，具体产品表现为某型号的闪烁体探测器具有对应的能够测量的辐射强度范围。
两个或更多个闪烁体探测器配置成分别具有不同的饱和辐射强度值，每个闪烁体探测器的辐射强度范围的上限可以等于或小于饱和辐射强度值。
在一个实施例中，第二辐射强度范围与第一辐射强度范围具有重叠区域，盖革管20能够探测重叠区域内辐射强度值，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13中的至少一个能够探测重叠区域内辐射强度值。这是有利的，在信号处理时，重叠区域能够允许减小探测器输出的信号转换和合成的误差。
此处，辐射强度也可以称为辐射剂量。一般情况下，在具有大辐射强度的射线情况下，单个闪烁体探测器可能会出现饱和，谱图出现峰堆积效应而严重变形，可能无法进行核素识别；此时，盖革管20可以探测射线的辐射强度值，例如以点数形式表征，或其他方式表征射线的辐射强度值，但是盖革管并不能进行核素识别，即辨认每种物质自身发射的辐射的固有特征峰。盖革管20针对一个频带范围的射线具有探测强度的功能，但是盖革管20不能对射线实施核素检测。
在本实施例中，盖革管20可以探测射线的辐射强度值，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13可以对射线实施核素检测以及测量对应强度范围内的射线谱图。相对于盖革管20而言，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13可以探测辐射强度较小的射线，可以识别核素。将两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13接收射线后输出的信号分别被转换为图谱以便得到射线的合适图谱，可以补充盖革管20接收射线后输出的信号生成的图谱，从而使得最终获得图谱更加完整，实现探测器组件能够探测的图谱覆盖更广的区域，也就是对于辐射强度探测器组件具有增大的量程，峰的饱和度提高。
在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13配置成分别探测具有不同辐射强度值的射线。在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13包括多个具有不同尺寸的闪烁体探测器。如图1所示，盖革管20探测较高的辐射强度值的射线，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12分别探测辐射强度值在盖革管20不能探测或分辨的范围内的射线；或者说，闪烁体探测器11、12探测的射线的辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围，比盖革管20探测的射线的辐射强度值小。进一步地，例如闪烁体探测器11探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围较小的射线，闪烁体探测器12探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围较大的射线。这样，探测器组件100能够探测的辐射强度值量程相对于一个盖革管20来说增大，适应更加复杂的情况，在检测时对距离辐射源的距离要求更加友好。在本实施例中，闪烁探测器11具有更大的尺寸，因而可以对射线更加敏感，因而可以在射线源较小时探测到射线，及时提供辐射报警，避免射线源(例如放射性物质)对周围人员的伤害；本实施例中，闪烁探测器12具有较小的尺寸，因而探 测灵敏度比闪烁探测器11低，然而在射线源较大时闪烁探测器12不会出现饱和的问题(此时闪烁探测器11出现饱和)，谱图不会出现堆积效应，保持核素识别能力；本实施例中，由于探测器组件100除了盖革管20外，还具有大闪烁探测器11和小闪烁探测器12(图1示意地表征了两者的大小)，因而可以应用于检测更宽的辐射强度/剂量范围的射线，强度值切换区域处的剂量率测量误差被减小。
在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13可以包括相同材料的闪烁体探测器或不同材料的闪烁体探测器。两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13可以由金属的碘化物形成。此处，射线可以是伽马射线，也可以是X射线，或者其他射线；也可以是多种射线的混合。在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13可以由碘化钠晶体、碘化铯晶体、碘化锑晶体、碲锌镉、Cs 2LiYCI 6：Ce(CLYC)、高纯锗晶体中的任一项或多项形成。例如，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13可以包括碘化钠晶体形成的两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13，或者可以包括碘化铯晶体形成的两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13，或者可以包括碘化锑晶体形成的两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13，还可以是，包括碘化钠晶体形成的一个闪烁体探测器和碘化铯晶体形成的闪烁体探测器，或者可以包括碘化钠晶体形成的一个或多个闪烁体探测器、碘化铯晶体形成的一个或多个闪烁体探测器和碘化锑晶体形成的一个或多个闪烁体探测器。在一个实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13可以包括尺寸相同的多个闪烁体探测器，可以包括尺寸不同的多个闪烁体探测器，也可以包括尺寸相同的闪烁体探测器和尺寸不同的多个闪烁体探测器组合。设置多个不同尺寸的闪烁体探测器使得探测器组件100就辐射强度而言具有完备的量程，因而适应性增强，谱图变形小，剂量率测量范围内量程切换点处测量误差小，分辨性佳；在相同探测灵敏度的情况下，设备的剂量率量程范围更宽，核素识别能力更强，探测灵敏度高，抗堆积效应强，剂量率测量误差较小。
此处不一一全部列出更多的闪烁体探测器组合或设置，本领域技术人员可以得出其他组合。本领域技术人员可以根据辐射强度量程的需要设置不同材料的两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13和盖革管20的组合。
在如图1所示的实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12可以包括：第一闪烁体探测器11，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第一子辐射强度区段的射线；和第二闪烁体探测器12，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第二子辐射 强度区段的射线；其中，第一子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限小于第二子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限。本实施例的探测器组件100在相同探测灵敏度的情况下，设备的剂量率量程范围更宽，核素识别能力更强，探测灵敏度高，抗堆积效应强，剂量率测量误差较小。第一子辐射强度区段和第二子辐射强度区段可以是接续的，实际上是，第一子辐射强度区段在第二子辐射强度区段内，也可以认为第一子辐射强度区段和第二子辐射强度区段可以具有交叠部分，因为在第一子辐射强度区段，第一闪烁体探测器11得到的探测结果更加准确，将作为最终的结果输出。
在如图2示出的实施例中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13包括：第一闪烁体探测器11，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第一子辐射强度区段的射线；第二闪烁体探测器12，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第二子辐射强度区段的射线；和第三闪烁体探测器13，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第三子辐射强度区段的射线；其中，第一子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限小于第二子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限，第二子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限小于第三子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限。本实施例的探测器组件100在相同探测灵敏度的情况下，设备的剂量率量程范围更宽，核素识别能力更强，探测灵敏度高，抗堆积效应强，剂量率测量误差较小。第一子辐射强度区段、第二子辐射强度区段和第三子辐射强度区段可以具有交叠部分，第一、第二、第三子辐射强度区段具有第一子辐射强度区段重叠部分，然而第三闪烁体探测器13对于探测辐射强度值在第一子辐射强度区段的射线并不可靠，此时需要使用第一闪烁体探测器11探测射线的真实的谱图，而对于辐射强度值超出第二子辐射强度区段的射线，第一闪烁体探测器11输出的信号是伪信号(已经饱和)，此时第三闪烁体探测器13输出的信号可以得到射线的真实谱图，由此根据本实施例的探测器组件可以一起实现在第二辐射强度范围的准确探测。
在一个实施例中，所述盖革管20和所述两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13分别具有输出端以便分别输出各自的信号。也就是说，所述盖革管20和所述两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13并联连接的方式输出各自的信号。
在一个实施例中，如图1-4所示，探测器组件100包括探测器壳体1，所述盖革管20和所述两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13布置成一排或多排并容纳在所述探测器壳体1内。图3示出一种探测器组件100的实际产品图，其中第一闪烁体探测器和第二闪烁体探测器以及盖革管20沿图中的竖直方向排列，探测器壳体1因而呈现管状形 状。图4示出一种探测器组件100的实际产品图，其中第一闪烁体探测器和第二闪烁体探测器在水平方向上是并排的，盖革管20在第二闪烁体探测器的左下方，第一闪烁体探测器在第二闪烁体探测器的右上方。两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13和盖革管20的布置可以根据需要进行布置，它们的位置关系并不会实质地影响探测器组件100的性能。
本公开一方面提供一种辐射监测设备，包括：上述的探测器组件100；和主机200，主机200配置成耦接所述探测器组件100并接收所述探测器组件100的信号，将所述信号转换为图谱。也就是说，主机200分别接收探测器组件100中闪烁体探测器和盖革管20的每一个的信号，并将这些信号分别处理，包括修正实施去掉噪音等的操作，分别转换为辐射强度率谱图和能谱图，对比所有辐射强度率谱图和能谱图。此处例如前面的实施例中所述，对于未知的射线来说，其强度值是未知的，即使探测器能够感测到射线的存在，然而如果探测器能够探测的最大辐射强度上限小于射线的辐射强度，则探测器输出的信号是变形的或偏移的，没有比对的情况下，通常依靠经验判断或者无法判断(变形小的情况)，或者把探测器输出的信号当作真实的结果，会导致测量误差，主机将所有辐射强度率谱图和能谱图进行对比可以选择最佳的图谱作为射线的图谱。例如，对于辐射强度大的射线，量程小于射线的辐射强度值的探测器输出的信号变形或漂移，因而是不真实的，通过多个探测器的谱图的比对可以确定射线的辐射强度值范围，从而选择合适的图谱作为探测的射线的辐射强度率谱图和能谱图。盖革管20和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13输出的信号用于得出射线的辐射强度率谱图，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于得出射线的能谱图。在本实施例中，分别结合多个闪烁体探测器各自的型号和辐射强度测量范围(也可以称为辐射强度量程，在各自的量程内是准确的)处理多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号，辐射强度量程不足的闪烁探测器输出的信号被舍弃，选择合适的闪烁体探测器的信号作为射线的输出辐射强度测量值，绘制能谱图，识别所述射线的核素。对于射线的辐射强度，结合盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器各自的辐射强度测量范围(或辐射强度量程，此时盖革管的量程最大)，对从盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器分别输出的多个信号进行处理，辐射强度量程不足的闪烁探测器输出的信号被舍弃，选取合适的盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的辐射强度测量值，例如较大辐射强度值的射线选取盖革管输出的信号作为射线的辐射强度测量值，而对于辐射强度值小的射线选取合适闪烁体探测器输出的信号作为射线的辐射强度 测量值。
此处，应该知道盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器以盖革管的辐射强度量程最大，即第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限最大，第二辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限比第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限小，当射线的辐射强度值超出第二辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限，闪烁体探测器输出的信号已经饱和不能用于识别核素和辐射强度值。容易理解，一个探测器组件和辐射监测设备具有减小的核素识别量程，较大的辐射强度测量量程。主机200可以通过信号线耦接所述探测器组件100。
在本实施例中，由于盖革管20和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13分别具有各自不同的能够探测的辐射强度范围，它们一起能够在加宽的辐射探测范围内探测射线，得到射线的能谱图和辐射强度谱图。在实际应用中，根据探测器组件100型号不同，设置对应的盖革管20和闪烁体探测器组合，不同闪烁体探测器型号对应探测不同辐射强度范围的射线，就是所说的探测不同的辐射强度范围的射线。实际上，闪烁体探测器对于不在其对应的强度范围的射线也是有反应的，然而，探测器输出的信号并不能真实反应射线的谱图，得出的信号是伪信号，主机200在处理信号时会根据盖革管20和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13的每一个的预定型号和预定辐射强度测量范围进行对比和判断射线的强度应该在哪个合适的范围，从而能够提取与每个探测器对应的辐射强度范围的信号，分别修正以分别转换为图谱，选择合适的图谱作为探测的射线的图谱。
在一个实施例中，主机200可以包括配置用以采集探测器信号的多道信号采集电路和信号处理电路，其根据盖革管20和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器11、12、13的每一个的预定型号和预定辐射强度测量范围提取与每个探测器对应的辐射强度范围的信号，分别修正以分别转换为图谱，选择合适的图谱作为探测的射线的图谱；此处，多道信号采集电路接收两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号，信号处理电路分别处理两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号以分别得出多个谱图，并将多个谱图对比以便选择合适的一个谱图。例如，可以将每个闪烁体探测器探测的信号分别归一化，(例如以钾40的固定峰为比对峰)修正每个探测器采集到的能谱随环境(如温度)导致的峰漂，消除本底、异常点后，得出每个闪烁体探测器探测的谱图；结合每个闪烁体探测器的饱和辐射强度值(也就是剂量范围或辐射强度范围)和型号，选择合适的图谱作为射线的图谱。
在一个实施例中，主机200也可以仅包括处理器电路，其可以采集信号，并且处理 信号以得出谱图，即接收两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号，并分别处理两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号以分别得出多个谱图，并将多个谱图对比以便选择合适的一个谱图作为探测的射线的图谱。
在一个实施例中，主机200可以与探测器组件100一起设置在探测器壳体内。在一个实施例中，主机200可以设置在主机壳体内，探测器组件100设置在探测器壳体内，主机壳体和探测器壳体通过有线实现信号联通；也可以插头和插座的形式插接；可以通过本领域其他方式电连接。
在一个实施例中，辐射监测设备的主机200包括通信单元，配置用于将主机200的信号或图谱以有线或无线的方式发射出去。
在一个实施例中，辐射监测设备的主机200包括通信端口，所述通信端口包括wifi端口、有线网络的网络端口中的一种。
在一个实施例中，辐射监测设备的主机200包括电源，用以给主机200提供电力。电源可以例如是电池，例如蓄电池、干电池等。
在一个实施例中，主机200包括报警器，用以在辐射强度超过预定值时发出报警信号。例如发出声音报警信号，也可以是光信号。例如，当辐射强度超过安全值时，发出滴滴的蜂鸣声。
在一个实施例中，辐射监测设备包括主机壳体，其中所述主机200容纳在主机壳体内；探测器壳体1和主机壳体是分离的。
图5和图6分别示出根据本公开的实施例布置示意图和原理图。
在图5中，主机200内包含2块信号采集电路板(即多道信号采集电路)201和一个控制电路板(即信号处理电路)202、4G通讯板204、电池；主机200正面有一个开关接口，侧面有2个网口LAN1、LAN2，一个设备接口203，一个DC电源接口，接口图详见如图4。多道采集电路板201可以是一个或多个基于可编程逻辑器件多道信号处理单元，控制电路板202可以是Linux嵌入式主控单元。应该知道，多道采集电路板201可以是其他多道信号处理单元，控制电路板202可以是其他主控单元，本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行设置。
图6示出工作原理。大尺寸的NaI闪烁体探测器、小尺寸的NaI闪烁体探测器、盖革管20构成的探测器组件100用于探测伽玛射线；采用可编程逻辑器件对探测器组件100输出的信号进行成形、滤波、采集等处理；Linux嵌入式主控单元读取采集的多道 信号，并进行相关的算法处理，根据控制逻辑完成短信报警、声光报警、数据传输、中心监控软件等功能。主机200还可以包括存储装置，例如SD存储器。本实施例的辐射监测设备在相同的剂量率量程范围下，设备探测灵敏度更高，剂量率测量误差更小；体积小，重量轻，便于携带、安装和维护，提高安装和维护人员的安全性，便于设备在市场上的推广使用；具有可配置多种通讯接口，便于与不同数据接收接口的数据传输，有利于设备的推广使用，同时在现有的硬件基础上便于集成，节约使用成本；底盘有固定孔，简便的装卸方式和有效的保护措施，保证设备自身安全；具有有效的防水、防尘、防腐蚀、防震、抗电磁干扰、抗雷击、抗电压过载的特性。
应注意，措词“包括”不排除其它元件或步骤，措词“一”或“一个”不排除多个；“上”、“下”、“底部”、“上部”、“下部”仅为了表示图示的结构中的部件的方位，而不是限定其绝对方位；“第一”、“第二”用于区分不同部件的名称而不是为了排序或表示重要性或主次分别。另外，权利要求的任何元件标号不应理解为限制本公开的范围。
虽然本公开的总体发明构思的一些实施例已被显示和说明，本领域普通技术人员将理解，在不背离本公开的总体发明构思的原则和精神的情况下，可对这些实施例做出改变，本公开的范围以权利要求和它们的等同物限定。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种探测器组件，包括：
    盖革管，配置用于探测辐射强度值位于第一辐射强度范围的射线；和
    两个或更多个闪烁体探测器，配置用以探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的所述射线，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器是不同的闪烁体探测器；
    其中，第二辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限比第一辐射强度范围的辐射强度值上限小；
    两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于共同识别所述射线的核素，使得通过对比两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号确定两个或更多个闪烁体探测器中的一个输出的信号作为射线的能谱图；
    盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于共同识别所述射线的辐射强度量，使得通过对比两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号确定盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器中的一个输出的信号作为射线的辐射强度谱图。
  2. 如权利要求1所述探测器组件，其中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器配置成分别具有不同的饱和辐射强度值，每个闪烁体探测器的辐射强度范围的上限等于或小于饱和辐射强度值。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的探测器组件，其中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器包括多个具有不同尺寸的闪烁体探测器。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的探测器组件，其中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器包括相同材料的闪烁体探测器或不同材料的闪烁体探测器。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的探测器组件，其中，
    两个或更多个闪烁体探测器由金属的碘化物形成；和/或
    所述射线是伽马射线和/或X射线。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的探测器组件，其中，两个或多个闪烁体探测器包括：
    第一闪烁体探测器，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第一子辐射强度区段的射线；和
    第二闪烁体探测器，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第二子辐射强度区段的射线；
    其中，第一子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限小于第二子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的探测器组件，其中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器包括第三闪烁体探测器，配置成探测辐射强度值在第二辐射强度范围的第三子辐射强度区段的射线；
    其中，第二子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限小于第三子辐射强度区段的辐射强度值的上限。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的探测器组件，其中，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器由碘化钠晶体、碘化铯晶体、碘化锑晶体、碲锌镉、Cs 2LiYCI 6：Ce(CLYC)、高纯锗晶体中的任一项或多项形成。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的探测器组件，其中，所述盖革管和所述两个或更多个闪烁体探测器分别具有输出端以便分别输出各自的信号。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的探测器组件，包括探测器壳体，所述盖革管和所述两个或更多个闪烁体探测器布置成一排或多排并容纳在所述探测器壳体内。
  11. 一种辐射监测设备，包括：
    权利要求1-10中任一项所述的探测器组件；和
    主机，配置成耦接所述探测器组件并接收所述探测器组件的信号，根据盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的预定型号和预定辐射强度测量范围分别处理盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号，分别修正以分别转换为 辐射强度率谱图和能谱图，对比所有辐射强度率谱图和能谱图以便选择合适的图谱作为探测的射线的辐射强度率谱图和能谱图，其中盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于得出射线的辐射强度率谱图，两个或更多个闪烁体探测器输出的信号用于得出射线的能谱图。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的辐射监测设备，
    其中主机包括多道信号采集电路，配置用于接收盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号；和信号处理电路，配置成分别处理盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号以分别得出多个谱图，并将多个谱图对比以便选择合适的谱图作为探测的射线的辐射强度率谱图和能谱图；或
    其中主机包括处理器电路，配置为接收盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号，并分别处理盖革管和两个或更多个闪烁体探测器的每一个的信号以分别得出多个谱图，并将多个谱图对比以便选择合适的一个谱图作为探测的射线的辐射强度率谱图和能谱图。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的辐射监测设备，
    其中主机包括通信单元，配置用于将主机的信号或图谱以有线或无线的方式发射出去；和/或
    其中主机包括通信端口，所述通信端口包括wifi端口、有线网络的网络端口中的一种；和/或
    主机包括报警器，用以在辐射强度超过预定值时发出报警信号。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的辐射监测设备，其中主机包括电源，用以给主机提供电力。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的辐射监测设备，
    其中，辐射监测设备还包括主机壳体，其中所述主机容纳在主机壳体内，探测器壳体和主机壳体是分离的；或
    其中，主机与探测器组件设置在一个壳体内。
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